abstract: In @entity5 cells, the @entity563 protease @entity10807 is the primary mediator of apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)/natural killer (NK) cells. The @entity1 intracellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 ( @entity17590 ) is the only known @entity1 protein able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of @entity10807 . When present in the cytoplasm of T lymphocytes, @entity17590 is thought to protect CTLs against apoptosis induced by their own misdirected @entity10807 . Based on the speculation that @entity5 may also express @entity17590 to escape CTL/NK cell surveillance, immunohistochemical studies on the expression of @entity17590 in @entity706 were performed. Ninety-two cases of @entity784 ( @entity1893 ), 75 cases of B-cell @entity1893 , and 57 cases of @entity978 were stained with a @entity17590 -specific monoclonal antibody. In T-cell @entity1893 , highest @entity17590 expression was found in the extranodal T-cell @entity1893 . In nearly 90% of enteropathy-type T-cell NHLs and 80% of NK/T-cell, nasal-type @entity706 , the majority of the @entity5 cells expressed @entity17590 . In nodal T-anaplastic large cell @entity706 and @entity3191 (not otherwise specified), @entity17590 expression occurred less frequently. In B-cell @entity1893 , @entity17590 expression was associated with high-grade @entity5 ; 43% of diffuse large B-cell @entity706 showed @entity17590 (+) @entity5 cells. Finally, @entity17590 expression was also found in 10% of @entity978 . This is the first report describing the expression of the @entity10807 inhibitor @entity17590 in @entity1 neoplastic cells in vivo. Expression of this inhibitor is yet another mechanism used by @entity5 cells to escape their elimination by cytotoxic lymphocytes.

title: Expression of the @entity10807 inhibitor, protease inhibitor 9, by XXXX cells in @entity1 with @entity1893 : a novel protective mechanism for @entity5 cells to circumvent the immune system?

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['various lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method of potential clinical interest for quantitatively assessing airway mechanics during sleep. We investigated the applicability of FOT as a diagnostic tool for noninvasive assessment of airflow obstruction in @entity1 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) during sleep. In seven @entity1 previously diagnosed with severe @entity25 (mean+/-SD apnoea/ hypopnoea index (AHI) 67+/-14) we performed a full polysomnography (PSG) together with on-line measurement of respiratory impedance (IZI) using FOT. For each @entity1 we determined: 1) number of respiratory events conventionally detected by full PSG, those obtained by FOT and their degree of concordance; and 2) the characteristics and values of IZI during the respiratory events. FOT was well tolerated and easily applied in conjunction with a conventional sleep setup. The mean number of respiratory events x h(-1) detected by PSG and FOT were 55+/-16 and 58+/-17, respectively, with a strong concordance. IZI increased from a baseline of 11+/-4 to 50+/-20 @entity10020 O x L(-1) x s during apnoea (mean+/-SD). In all but one @entity1 intermittent increases of IZI occurred immediately before each obstructive apnoea. In four @entity1 , the increases of IZI developed at end-expiration whereas in two others occurred during inspiration. During hypopnoea most of the @entity1 showed decreases of IZI during expiration. In conclusion, forced oscillation technique can be used as a noninvasive and complementary tool for the diagnosis of respiratory events and provides an on-line quantitative approach for continuous monitoring of airflow obstruction during sleep in @entity1 with @entity25 .

title: Forced oscillation technique for the evaluation of severe XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['SAHS', 'sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Structural brain changes are apparent in some magnetic resonance imaging studies of @entity1 with @entity1316 , but results are inconsistent. The focus of this review is to examine whether there are demographic or clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1316 that are associated with regional brain volume changes. A systematic search of the literature in English, from January 2004 to July 2005, was performed on MEDLINE. References cited in all reports were searched iteratively to identify missing studies. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have focused on factors that might help to reconcile the divergent reports of regional brain volume changes in major @entity308 and @entity162 . Small hippocampal volumes are apparent in @entity1 with recurrent major @entity308 , but not generally reported early in the course of adult onset @entity308 . Small hippocampal volumes may be apparent in @entity1 with childhood onset illness. Small hippocampal volumes are infrequently reported in @entity162 , but studies to date have not accounted for illness history or treatment status. Changes in amygdala volumes are inconsistently reported in @entity1 with major @entity308 or @entity162 . There are relatively fewer reports of other brain regions, including the areas of the frontal cortex and striatum. An extensive preclinical literature suggests that various psychotropic medications may have @entity2057 and neuroprotective effects, making documentation of treatment history essential. SUMMARY: @entity1 ' age, sex, age at onset of disease, @entity221 and treatment status may affect the detection of regional brain volume changes in @entity1 with @entity1316 .

title: An update on regional brain volume differences associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity2054 represents a clinical entity, whose diagnosis depends both on clinical findings as well as on measurement of the intracompartmental pressure. Physiopathology and clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of the @entity697 are discussed, based on the literature review and personal clinical experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have based our experience on a series of 100 consecutive @entity174 of the leg, in which we studied mechanism of @entity130 , @entity174 localization, timing of surgery for fasciotomy and wound closure. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2054 was 8 per cent. Younger age (< 30 years), high energy @entity130 , or @entity130 occurring during physical activity appeared to increase the risk of occurrence. Localization of the @entity174 on the proximal, mid or distal thirds of the leg did not. DISCUSSION: The following aspects are discussed: 1) The perfusion pressure of a compartment is defined as the difference between the diastolic blood pressure and the intracompartmental pressure. 2) Fasciotomy is indicated whenever this value is inferior to 30 mmHg. 3) Failure to measure the pressure within 5 cm from the @entity174 site may cause underestimation of the compartment pressure. 4) Intramedullary nailing does not seem to increase the risk of @entity2054 .

title: [Acute XXXX in the post-traumatic leg].

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome', 'Compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['compartment syndrome']


abstract: @entity16 following an @entity130 is uncommon. When it occurs, understanding the median nerve distribution and anatomy is crucial for identifying the cause and for distinguishing cases that can be managed with observation as opposed to intervention. The consequences of misdiagnosis can result in @entity2319 . Understanding the mechanisms of @entity128 will help the clinician anticipate prognosis and guide treatment. Stretch, transection, and compression of nerves may present similarly, but isolating the mechanism and the extent of injury can guide the treatment modalities and help predict the overall recovery. The case is a report of @entity2850 in a @entity1 after a nondisplaced @entity174 of the coronoid process of the ulna. Despite the unique nature of the @entity1 's symptoms, the @entity16 resolved with "watchful waiting." The location of the injury was a key component in identifying the cause of the @entity16 . It highlights the importance of identifying a cause; some cases will resolve without intervention. Clinicians should consider @entity2850 when presented with a @entity1 experiencing @entity16 following such a @entity174 .

title: @entity2850 from a nondisplaced XXXX of the coronoid process of the ulna: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Median nerve neuropathy', 'neurologic symptoms', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['median nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['elbow injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of microalbuminuria and the annual increase of albumin excretion as risk factors for @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A 5-year follow-up of @entity1 with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion [UAE] = 30-299 mg/24 h) and matched @entity1 with normoalbuminuria (UAE < 30 mg/24 h). The initial classification was based on one single 24-h urine collection. The annual increase in UAE was calculated by linear regression analysis of log-transformed UAE on time. This study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Steno @entity6 Center. The study subjects included 118 @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) @entity1 between 18 and 50 years of age with microalbuminuria and 112 matched control @entity1 with normal UAE with an age at @entity6 onset of < 31 years. The main outcome measures were UAE, annual change in UAE rate (percentage per year), and the prevalence of @entity989 . RESULTS: After 5 years, 39 (33%, 24-42 CI [95% confidence interval]) @entity1 with microalbuminuria had normoalbuminuria, 57 (48%, 38-57 CI) still had microalbuminuria, and 22 (19%, 12-27 CI) had developed @entity2316 . Among the 112 @entity1 with normoalbuminuria in 1985, 9 (8%, 4-15 CI) had developed microalbuminuria, and 2 (2%, 0-6 CI) had developed @entity2316 . Of the 79 @entity1 with persistent @entity633 , only 36 (46%, 34-57 CI) were progressors with a rate of progression of > 5%/year. Progressors had significantly higher HbAlc, higher mean blood pressure, and a higher incidence of @entity989 compared with nonprogressors. Multiple regression analysis only identified mean HbAlc as an independent predictor of the rate of progression. Smoking was significantly more prevalent in @entity1 with persistent @entity633 . CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria is a predictor of progression to @entity2316 ; however, not as strong as suggested previously. Calculation of the annual increase in UAE seems to be a more specific method of identifying @entity1 who will develop @entity2316 .

title: The predictive value of microalbuminuria in XXXX . A five-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: Between 4/90 and 2/91 we repaired 105 @entity169 according to Shouldice's technique. Instead of an absorbable suture ( @entity1480 no.0) we used a PTFE suture no.0. By this study we tried to assure that it is allowed to use as well the non resorbable @entity736 suture no.0. in @entity547 repair as the slowly resorbable @entity1480 suture no.0. We compared the rate of postoperative @entity1410 , @entity2080 and pus collections and the rate of early recurrences in both groups. The results of the PTFE group were compared with those of a prospective study (n = 100) between 6.88 and 4.89 when we used @entity1480 suture no 0. In the PTFE group we saw 9.5% @entity1410 , 1.9% @entity2080 and 0.9% pus collections. In the @entity1480 group 4% of the @entity1 developed a @entity1410 , 4% a @entity2080 and 2% a pus collection. We saw 1.9% early recurrences after 8 months (PTFE: 7-11; median: 9 months) and 3.2% after 9 months ( @entity1480 : 8-13; median: 10 months) medium follow-up time. The results did not significantly differ between both groups. (Chi-square test: p = 1.0). By these results we can draw the following conclusions: 1. The use of a non absorbable PTFE suture no 0 in @entity547 repair is of no disadvantage. 2. The principle of @entity547 repair is the induction of scar tissue in the site of hernioplasty; the use of slowly resorbable suture material is allowed as well.

title: [Shouldice XXXX report with a PTFE suture].

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['seroma', 'seromas']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: 1. Brief treatment with @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors in young spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) causes a persistent reduction in blood pressure associated with a relatively selective reduction in renal vascular resistance. 2. To study the possible role of the kidney in this long-term @entity551 effect, we transplanted kidneys from untreated SHR into SHR that had been treated with @entity4687 (3 mg/kg per day) between 6 and 10 weeks of age and also transplanted kidneys from @entity4687 -pretreated SHR into untreated SHR. After transplantation, the remaining native kidney was removed so that only donor kidneys remained. 3. Untreated SHR that received kidneys from @entity4687 -pretreated SHR showed an @entity551 followed by a rapid increase in pressure, weight @entity204 . 4. The transplantation of kidneys from control SHR into @entity4687 -pretreated SHR resulted in a rise in blood pressure that obviated the long-term reduction seen normally in these animals. 5. Kidneys from @entity4687 -pretreated SHR may be susceptible to the high blood pressure in untreated SHR. 6. The blood pressure increase in @entity4687 -pretreated SHR that accompanies substitution of the native kidneys by kidneys from untreated SHR further supports the hypothesis that the kidney is responsible for the long-term pressure effects following @entity1811 inhibition in young SHR.

title: Transplantation studies of the role of the kidney in long-term blood pressure reduction following brief XXXX inhibitor treatment in young spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'initial fall in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['loss and early death']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity1811 :: (24310(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ), a @entity2359 @entity535 , is a risk factor for @entity179 . Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptors along with @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors participate in acute and chronic aspects of Hcy-induced @entity528 . In the present study, we examined whether the same mechanism may be involved in @entity1255 @entity2359 in vivo. @entity3393 , @entity12370 , and @entity19221 were used as @entity143 , mGlu5, and mGlu1 antagonists, respectively. Repeated i.c.v injection of Hcy was performed for three consecutive days. @entity528 in different zones of the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl, Fluoro-Jade B, and TUNEL staining. @entity528 was observed in both types of apoptosis and @entity39 . All @entity2227 receptor antagonists, even when given alone, provided some degree of neuroprotection. The degree of protection was dependent on the area of the hippocampus. While @entity3393 was more potent against Hcy-induced apoptosis, the potency of mGluR antagonists in neuronal protection against apoptosis and @entity39 was almost equal. No more protection was observed when all three antagonists were used simultaneously. It seems that Fluoro-Jade could be a useful marker of apoptotic cell death. Taken together, results demonstrate that, in vivo, Hcy @entity2359 is mediated mainly by the @entity143 receptors and group I mGluRs.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity143 and group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptor antagonists against @entity179 induced by XXXX in rat hippocampus: in vivo study.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['Memantine', 'memantine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'Neuronal loss', 'Neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: @entity85 after pediatric @entity174 are either the result of incomplete or failed remodeling, complete or partial stimulation of the growth plates, or complete or partial closure of a growth plate. In contrast to @entity174 of the upper extremities, spontaneous remodeling should not be intentionally integrated in the treatment algorithm. Thus, stimulative growth disturbances with subsequent changes of the leg length can be prevented. Therefore, one should strive for anatomical alignment and rotation without shortening. The latter provokes remodeling, with activation of the adjacent physis. Growth disturbances with partial stimulation typically occur after metaphyseal bending @entity174 of the proximal tibia. If minimal valgization is overlooked, growth disturbances will lead to a progressive @entity85 . Partial closure of a growth plate is still inevitable after @entity174 ( @entity23498 and IV) as well as after simple epiphysiolysis (Salter-Harris-type I, II). The resulting deformity depends on the size of the physeal closure, its localization, and on the remaining growth. A "waterproof" @entity174 may well diminish the risk of a partial physeal closure but will not reliably prevent it. It will occur in about 35% after physeal @entity174 at the distal femur, in 30% at the proximal and 20% at the distal tibia. Based on this knowledge @entity1 and parents should be informed correspondingly and follow-up should be continued until skeletal maturity.

title: [Pathophysiology of XXXX of the lower limbs during growth].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity', 'Posttraumatic deformities']

entities_list: @entity23498 :: ('MESH:C536015', 'Disease') :: ['Salter-Harris type III']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'reduction and osteosynthesis of type III and IV fractures', 'epiphyseal fractures']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic deformities']


abstract: Missense mutations in the @entity16167 ( @entity16167 ) gene cause a wide spectrum of hypomyelinating @entity74 , from mild @entity9718 to severe @entity16803 ( @entity16803 ). Mutant @entity16167 accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress. However, the link between the clinical severity of @entity16803 and the cellular response induced by mutant @entity16167 remains largely unknown. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER generally leads to up-regulation of ER chaperones to alleviate ER stress. Here, we found that expression of the @entity16167 - @entity51555 mutant, which causes severe disease, depletes some ER chaperones with a KDEL ( @entity51556 ) motif, in HeLa cells, MO3.13 oligodendrocytic cells, and primary oligodendrocytes. The same @entity16167 mutant also induces @entity1949 (GA). These organelle changes are less prominent in cells with milder disease-associated @entity16167 mutants. Similar changes are also observed in cells expressing another disease-causing gene that triggers ER stress, as well as in cells treated with @entity10613 , which induces ER stress and @entity1949 by inhibiting GA to ER trafficking. We also found that mutant @entity16167 disturbs localization of the @entity51557 , which transports the chaperones with the KDEL motif from the GA to the ER. These data show that @entity16167 mutants inhibit GA to ER trafficking, which reduces the supply of ER chaperones and induces @entity1949 . We propose that depletion of ER chaperones and @entity1949 induced by mutant misfolded proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of inherited ER stress-related diseases and affect the disease severity.

title: Depletion of molecular chaperones from the endoplasmic reticulum and XXXX associated with pathogenesis in @entity16803 .

entities_list: @entity16167 :: ('5354', 'Gene') :: ['proteolipid protein 1', 'PLP1']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia type 2']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['GA fragmentation', 'fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus']

entities_list: @entity16803 :: ('MESH:D020371', 'Disease') :: ['PMD', 'Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease']

entities_list: @entity51556 :: ('MESH:C073762', 'Chemical') :: ['Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders']

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus']


abstract: The authors have analyzed the configuration of immunoglobulin (Ig) and beta, gamma and delta @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ) genes in DNA extracted from skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 41 @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), 14 @entity1 with @entity14041 , and 13 @entity1 with benign inflammatory dermatoses. No discrete rearranged bands ( @entity50147 ) were detected in @entity1 with inflammatory dermatoses. In tissue DNA from 19 @entity1 with @entity4888 @entity50147 were detected with beta and gamma, but not delta @entity6057 probes. Only one @entity1 with @entity4888 had a rearrangement of gamma and delta with germ line beta @entity6057 genes. In 13 @entity1 multiple biopsies were analyzed and @entity50147 , when present, were identical in different lesions from individual @entity1 . In three @entity1 analysis of DNA from @entity1600 did not reveal @entity50147 . Analysis of peripheral blood DNA from 24 @entity1 revealed a discrete rearrangement of the gamma @entity6057 gene in four @entity1 and both beta and gamma genes in four additional @entity1 . In @entity4888 @entity50147 were detected more frequently with advancing stage of disease in tissues (P less than 0.01) but not in peripheral blood (P equals 0.36). Of 14 @entity1 with @entity14041 , eight had @entity50147 in peripheral blood DNA with both beta and gamma probes and in three of these @entity1 identical @entity50147 were also detected in DNA from skin biopsy samples. In contrast, @entity50147 were not detected in the peripheral blood of the other six @entity1 . In both @entity4888 and @entity14041 there was no restricted usage of particular V gamma genes. These results indicate that in @entity4888 (1) T-cell clones can be detected in skin biopsy specimens from the majority of @entity1 with early stage disease, (2) gamma delta T-cell clones are only rarely found, and (3) @entity6057 gene analysis can detect T-cell clones in the peripheral blood with a greater degree of specificity than conventional light microscopic study. In @entity14041 these studies also suggest that a subset of @entity1 have a polyclonal population of circulating atypical lymphoid cells. In addition these @entity1 appear to have a better prognosis than those with @entity66 .

title: Analysis of beta, gamma, and delta XXXX genes in @entity4888 and @entity14041 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal disease']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['dermatopathic lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity14041 :: ('MESH:D012751', 'Disease') :: ['Sezary syndrome']

answer: @entity6057 :: (6962,Gene) :: ['T-cell receptor']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate rates of vitreous relapse among @entity995 @entity1 treated with primary chemotherapy and assess diode laser as a potential risk factor for relapse. METHODS: Retrospective review of all @entity1 treated with primary chemotherapy at a large ocular oncology centre. Eyes that developed vitreous relapse were coded with regard to Reese-Ellsworth Group, laterality, time to relapse, type of relapse (vitreous base or non-vitreous base relapse), treatments used (including adjuvant diode laser), and ocular preservation. Individual @entity5 foci treated with laser @entity221 were also coded for laser parameters including power settings, number of treatments, and concomitant administration of systemic chemotherapy (chemothermotherapy). RESULTS: 15 of 106 eyes (14.15%) developed vitreous relapse over a 6 year period. Mean time to relapse was 7.2 months after chemotherapy was completed. Five cases (33%) were of the vitreous base variety. Ocular salvage was attempted in 11 cases using a variety of methods; one @entity1 was lost to follow up. Six of the remaining 10 eyes (60%) were salvaged. Eight of 38 eyes (21%) treated with systemic chemotherapy and laser @entity221 developed vitreous relapse compared with seven of 68 eyes (10%) treated with primary chemotherapy alone (p<0.005). Laser settings, number of @entity221 treatments, and the concomitant use of systemic chemotherapy (chemothermotherapy) were not associated with higher rates of vitreous relapse. CONCLUSION: Nearly one in seven eyes with @entity995 treated with primary chemotherapy may develop vitreous relapse. The administration of diode laser @entity221 appears to increase this risk. Despite additional therapy a number of these eyes succumb to enucleation.

title: Vitreous relapse following primary chemotherapy for XXXX : is adjuvant diode laser a risk factor?

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to study the rates of remission and relapse over more than two years in a sample of Spanish outpatients with DSM-III-R criteria of unipolar major @entity308 episodes. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the first assessment, we used the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Forthcoming visits were held monthly. A survival analysis was used to assess partial and complete remission in the original sample of 356 @entity1 . The probability and prediction of relapses were calculated in 186 @entity1 who finished the 2 year follow-up period. Evolution stages were recorded using the @entity308 ( @entity308 ), after applying the Frank criteria. @entity1 were treated following standardized pharmacological protocols at our center. RESULTS: After 6 months of follow-up, 50% of @entity1 had attained a complete remission; it was partial in 25% of cases. Rate of relapses for @entity1 on complete remission was 12,18%, whereas it was 67,61% for @entity1 on partial remission. Risk of relapses was 2,84 times greater after partial remission than after complete remission. Partial remission was the most powerful predictor of relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Partial remission after a @entity308 seems to be an important predictor of relapses.

title: [Major XXXX : a study of remission and relapses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'depressive', 'HDRS', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive episode']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of dialysis catheter (DC)-related @entity281 in @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 , and to compare the frequency of DC and central venous catheter (CVC) @entity281 in an @entity1213 setting. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive survey. SETTING: An adult, 10-bed medical/surgical @entity1213 at a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 151 DCs and 230 CVCs placed in 170 @entity1 were evaluated. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Catheter colonization was defined by a quantitative catheter tip culture yielding > or =10(3) colony-forming units/mL, catheter-related @entity2259 was defined as catheter colonization and blood culture positive for the same organism, and @entity281 was defined as the presence of pus at the insertion site. The mean duration of catheterization was 6.8+/-6 days for DCs and 5.9+/-4.6 for CVCs (p = .52). There was no difference between DCs and CVCs in catheter colonization and catheter-related @entity2259 incidence rates per 1000 days of catheter use (24.2 vs. 19.8 [p = .46] and 0.96 vs. 1.5 [p = .60], respectively). @entity281 was observed in one @entity1 (CVC placement). For DCs and CVCs the duration of catheterization was associated with @entity1212 (p = .0007 and p = .04, respectively), but when the catheters were examined over 5-day intervals, the incidence of @entity1212 did not increase with duration of catheter use (p = .23 and p = .10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: DC-related @entity281 are associated with DC longevity. As shown by the 5-day-interval analysis, the incidence of DC-related @entity281 did not increase with DC duration, suggesting that the risk for DC-related @entity281 remained unchanged with time. The characteristics of DC-related @entity281 in @entity1213 @entity1 were comparable to those previously reported for CVC-related @entity281 .

title: Dialysis and central XXXX in critically ill @entity1 : results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections', 'catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Site infection', 'infections', 'site infection']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['venous catheter infections']


abstract: The relative maturity of renal circulatory responses to efferent renal nerve stimulation, and to exogenous @entity1063 and @entity3044 , was tested in 62 piglets (1--16 days old) under pentobarbital anesthesia (10--25 mg/kg). Aortic pressure, heart rate, and @entity8 (measured by electromagnetic flow transducers) were recorded simultaneously. Renal vascular resistance was calculated as mean aortic pressure/mean flow. Transection of the renal nerve resulted in decreased renal resistance in all animals. Efferent renal nerve stimulation at increasing frequencies (2--12.5 Hz, at 1.2 ms pulse duration and 1.0 mA current) showed age-dependent differences in the threshold and also in the magnitude of increase in renal resistance. @entity1063 (0.05--1.0 microgram/kg) caused age-dependent increases in renal resistance. Restoration of renal flow toward control level occurred during the peak pressor effect of @entity1063 only in older piglets. @entity3044 (0.05--1.0 microgram/kg) did not alter renal resistance consistently in piglets younger than 1 wk. @entity5521 (0.25 mg/kg) attenuated or blocked resistance increases to 0.5 microgram @entity1063 /kg or to renal nerve stimulation at 12.5 Hz in all animals. @entity1169 (0.1 mg/kg) attenuated or blocked resistance decreases to 0.1 microgram @entity3044 /kg, which occurred only in older piglets. These results indicate the presence of an active alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor mechanism and absence of the beta-adrenergic vasodilator mechanism in the renal circulation of @entity1707 at birth.

title: Renal circulatory effects of adrenergic stimuli in anesthetized piglets and mature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and femoral arterial flows']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Arterial occlusions of the small vessels of the forearm and hand may have the same consequences as @entity432 in the distal lower extremity. There is limited reported experience with the regional thrombolytic therapy in this setting. The authors reviewed their experience with thrombolytic therapy in acute and subacute @entity432 of the distal upper extremity to further clarify its role. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with acute or subacute @entity432 of the forearm and hand who had @entity63 and were treated with regional urokinase infusion were identified retrospectively. Their medical and radiology records were reviewed. RESULTS: All 12 @entity1 demonstrated angiographic improvement and 11 @entity1 demonstrated clinical improvement after treatment. Tissue @entity39 in four @entity1 led to partial amputation of one digit in two @entity1 and three digits in two @entity1 . Three of these @entity1 had @entity63 at presentation. The level of resulting amputation was altered in all but one @entity1 . @entity2553 was noted frequently but responded to vasodilators. No significant complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: When therapeutic alternatives are limited to anticoagulation and expectant amputation, regional urokinase infusion can optimize distal runoff, obviate or improve the options for distal surgical bypass, and limit tissue loss.

title: Acute XXXX of the small vessels of the hand and forearm: treatment with regional urokinase therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic digits', 'category III ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15809 ( @entity15809 ) is a @entity395 but is associated with significant morbidity. Cricopharyngeal (CP) myotomy is the mainstay of treatment, and various flexible endoscopic techniques have been used for division of the septum. However, there is a constant need for improvement in accessories. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new electrocautery endoscopic scissor for CP myotomy in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity15809 . DESIGN: Observational @entity1 study. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : This study involved 3 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity15809 . INTERVENTION: Flexible endoscopic CP myotomy was performed by using a novel scissors-type grasping device. CP myotomy involved 4 steps: (1) opening of the forceps, (2) grasping the muscle fiber, (3) closure of the forceps with application of gentle traction, and (4) dissection of muscle fibers by using cutting current. Intraprocedural @entity548 was controlled with the same instrument by grasping vessels and @entity3459 current. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Overall feasibility and performance, procedure time to achieve complete CP myotomy. RESULTS: CP myotomy was successfully performed in all @entity1 . Mean procedure time was 10.6 minutes. There were no major adverse events. Minor intraprocedure @entity548 occurred in 1 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Single arm, limited number of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The new instrument has potential advantages in comparison with standard instruments used for CP myotomy. The advantages of this new technique are better control of cutting and hemostatic abilities.

title: New endoscopic "scissors" to treat XXXX (with video).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['applying coagulation']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ['ZD', "Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: Objective. High @entity413 - (HG-) induced neuronal cell death is responsible for the development of @entity3949 . However, the effect of HG on metabolism in neuronal cells is still unclear. Materials and Methods. The neural-crest derived PC12 cells were cultured for 72   h in the HG (75   mM) or control (25   mM) groups. We used NMR-based metabolomics to examine both intracellular and extracellular metabolic changes in HG-treated PC12 cells. Results. We found that the reduction in intracellular @entity880 may be due to excreting more @entity880 into the extracellular medium under HG condition. HG also induced the changes of other energy-related metabolites, such as an increased @entity4588 and @entity1734 . Our results also reveal that the synthesis of @entity3264 from the branched-chain @entity3534 ( @entity6778 and @entity4857 ) may be enhanced under HG. Increased levels of intracellular @entity3929 , @entity815 , @entity8580 , and @entity1877 were observed in HG-treated PC12 cells. In addition, HG-induced decreases in intracellular @entity9903 , @entity36062 , and @entity7981 may indicate a downregulation of @entity5498 group metabolism. Conclusions. Our metabolomic results suggest that HG-induced neuronal cell death may be attributed to a series of metabolic changes, involving energy metabolism, @entity3534 metabolism, osmoregulation and membrane metabolism, and @entity5498 group metabolism.

title: High @entity413 -Induced PC12 Cell Death by Increasing XXXX Production and Decreasing @entity5498 Group Metabolism.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity36062 :: ('MESH:C025138', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylglycine']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myoinositol']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity9903 :: ('MESH:C034516', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary @entity242 is a rare @entity5 and possibly unnoticed cause of @entity120 . The presentation is one of central @entity3618 . In most cases, the diagnosis of @entity5 is confirmed post mortem. We report the outcome of eight @entity1 with @entity358 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 (four female, four male, mean age 48,2 years, preop. NYHA functional class III/IV: n = 5/3) were referred for further evaluation of @entity120 . Malignancy was suspected in six of these @entity1 by means of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). In two @entity1 diagnosis was established during pulmonary thromboendarterectomy based on histological examination of frozen sections. Operative procedures consisted of gross @entity5 resection with prosthetic replacement (n = 3) or reconstruction (n = 5) of central parts of the pulmonary vessels. Additional pneumonectomy was necessary in two @entity1 , resection of @entity3 in one @entity1 . Seven @entity1 received adjuvant radio- and/or chemotherapy. RESULTS: There were no postoperative deaths. 3 months after surgery, all @entity1 demonstrated improvement in hemodynamics and exercise tolerance. Four @entity1 died 7, 9, 18 and 19 months after surgery, respectively. Two @entity1 are alive 3 and 39 months after primary surgery with evidence of pulmonary @entity3 . Two @entity1 are alive in complete remission 25 and 65 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity358 , emphasis must be placed on early identification which can be achieved by CT and MRT. Radical surgical resection currently offers the best chance for survival. Adjuvant therapy might bring additional benefit.

title: [Surgical management of pulmonary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['artery sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery obstruction and progressive right-heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary artery sarcoma', 'primary pulmonary artery sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['artery sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1316 is a frequent complication of @entity64 . Comorbid @entity308 and @entity148 are very common, indicating that it is advisable to assess both disorders at the same time. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and @entity148 ( @entity148 ) at baseline and to evaluate factors related to delayed @entity64 and @entity148 at 3 months after @entity64 onset. METHODS: This was a prospectively registered and retrospectively analyzed study of @entity1 with acute @entity385 between January 2009 and March 2010. @entity1 included in this study were interviewed in order to evaluate their Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) scores. In this study, each @entity308 and @entity148 score was dichotomized into 'nondepressive and nonanxious' (HADS-D and HADS-A  <=7) and ' @entity308 and anxious' (HADS-D and HADS-A >7). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent factors of @entity308 and anxious symptoms 3 months after @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Of the 133 @entity1 , 47.4% were ' @entity308 ' and 56.4% were 'anxious' at baseline. The @entity308 and anxious groups had a significantly higher frequency of severe @entity62 ( @entity62 ) than the nondepressive and nonanxious groups (p < 0.05). The independent factors of @entity64 and @entity148 at 3 months were deep @entity62 (DWMH) and modified Rankin scale 0 to 1 at 3 months. CONCLUSION: In conclusions, the results of our study demonstrated that delayed @entity308 and @entity148 after @entity385 were related to the severity of DWMH and unfavorable outcomes at 3 months, regardless of anti- @entity148 treatment. Our results suggested that @entity62 might be associated with pathomechanism of delayed @entity308 and @entity148 .

title: White matter hyperintensity as a factor associated with delayed XXXX in @entity1 with acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke', 'PSD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke anxiety', 'PSA', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensity', 'WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pelvic floor tension @entity925 may contribute to the symptoms of male @entity1 with @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ). Therefore, measures that diminish pelvic floor muscle @entity2473 may improve these symptoms. Based on this hypothesis, we enrolled 19 @entity1 with @entity1118 in a 12-week program of biofeedback-directed pelvic floor re-education and bladder training. METHODS: Pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom assessments included daily voiding logs, American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, and 10-point visual analog @entity158 and urgency scores. Pressure-flow studies were obtained before treatment in most @entity1 . Instruction in pelvic floor muscle contraction and relaxation was achieved using a noninvasive form of biofeedback at biweekly sessions. Home exercises were combined with a progressive increase in timed-voiding intervals. RESULTS: Mean age of the 19 @entity1 was 36 years (range 18 to 67). Four @entity1 completed less than three treatment sessions, 5 @entity1 completed three to five sessions, and 10 attended all six sessions. Mean follow-up was 5.8 months. Median AUA symptom scores improved from 15.0 to 7.5 (P = 0.001), and median bother scores decreased from 5.0 to 2.0 (P = 0.001). Median @entity158 scores decreased from 5.0 to 1.0 (P = 0.001), and median urgency scores decreased from 5.0 to 2.0 (P = 0.002). Median voiding interval increased from 0.88 hours to 3.0 hours (P = 0.003). Presence of @entity1344 , @entity56 , or bladder-sphincter pseudodyssynergia on pretreatment urodynamic studies was not predictive of treatment results. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study confirms that a formalized program of neuromuscular re-education of the pelvic floor muscles together with interval bladder training can provide significant and durable improvement in objective measures of @entity158 , urgency, and frequency in @entity1 with @entity1118 .

title: Biofeedback, pelvic floor re-education, and bladder training for male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity to filling']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic pain syndrome', 'CPPS']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes from @entity55 , @entity583 and @entity64 , but the effect of blood @entity413 on outcomes from acute exacerbations of @entity1030 (AECOPD) has not been established. Recent UK guidelines do not comment on measurement or control of blood @entity413 in AECOPD. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the relationship between blood @entity413 concentrations, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in @entity1 admitted with AECOPD. METHODS: Data were retrieved from electronic records for @entity1 admitted with AECOPD with lower respiratory tract infection in 2001-2. The @entity1 were grouped according to blood @entity413 quartile (group 1, <6 mmol/l (n = 69); group 2, 6.0-6.9 mmol/l (n = 69); group 3, 7.0-8.9 mmol/l (n = 75); and group 4, >9.0 mmol/l (n = 71)). RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of @entity204 or long inpatient stay was significantly increased in group 3 (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.02, p = 0.02) and group 4 (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.92, p < 0.0001) compared with group 1. For each 1 mmol/l increase in blood @entity413 the absolute risk of adverse outcomes increased by 15% (95% CI 4 to 27), p = 0.006. The risk of adverse outcomes increased with increasing hyperglycaemia independent of age, sex, a previous diagnosis of @entity6 , and @entity1030 severity. Isolation of multiple pathogens and @entity794 from sputum also increased with increasing blood @entity413 . CONCLUSION: Increasing blood @entity413 concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in @entity1 with AECOPD. Tight control of blood @entity413 reduces mortality in @entity1 in intensive care or following @entity583 . A prospective study is now required to determine whether control of blood @entity413 can also improve outcomes from AECOPD.

title: Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in XXXX admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pneumonectomy for @entity7319 is associated with high morbidity rates. This study aimed to improve the outcomes of this high-risk procedure by preventing @entity260 . METHODS: Between April 1999 and December 2004, 25 @entity1 underwent pulmonary resection for @entity7319 at our institution. Of these @entity1 , 11 (44%) @entity1 (9 males and 2 females) undergoing a pneumonectomy were reviewed in this study. Median age was 63 years (range, 36-71 years). Associated @entity358 were @entity6675 secondary to @entity378 (n=6) and a post-lobectomy destroyed lung (n=5). All @entity1 presented with symptoms, including hemoptysis (n=10) and purulent sputum (n=1). To minimize the risk of @entity3509 and @entity292 , careful extrapleural dissection and bronchial stump reinforcement with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap were employed in all @entity1 . Follow-up was completed on March 31, 2005. RESULTS: We performed six pneumonectomies (two right and four left) and five completion pneumonectomies (one right and four left). Operating time ranged from 361 to 781 min (median, 432 min). The median intraoperative @entity190 was 1050 ml (range, 200-2910 ml). There was no operative mortality. No @entity1 required re-exploration for @entity86 . The major complications were @entity3509 caused by anaerobic bacteria (n=1) and chylothorax (n=1). The treatment of both complications was successful. All @entity1 were free from @entity2381 at the time of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonectomy for symptomatic @entity7319 can be performed with no mortality and low morbidity. The favorable results of this potentially deleterious procedure hinge on the efforts to prevent @entity260 .

title: Pneumonectomy for XXXX : is it still dangerous?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['complex aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity7319 :: (MESH:D030401,Disease) :: ['complex aspergilloma']


abstract: @entity5782 ( @entity5782 , or collagenase 3) has been shown to degrade intact collagen and to participate in situations where rapid and effective remodeling of collagenous ECM is required. Mechanical strain induction of @entity5782 is an example of how osteoblasts respond to high mechanical forces and participate in the bone-remodeling mechanism. Using @entity19 osteoblast-like cells, we dissected the signaling molecules involved in @entity5782 induction by mechanical strain. Reverse transcription-PCR and zymogram analysis showed that @entity5232 ( @entity5232 ) inhibitor, @entity37312 , inhibited the mechanical strain-induced @entity5782 gene and activity. However, the induction was not affected by anti-PDGF-AA serum. Immunoblot analysis revealed time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity20421 up to 2.7-fold increases within 3 min under strain. Transfection with shPDGFR-alpha (at 4 and 8 microg/ml) abolished @entity20421 and reduced @entity5782 expression. Moreover, time-dependent recruitments of @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) by @entity20421 were detected by immunoprecipitation with anti- @entity20421 serum followed by immunoblot with anti- @entity3115 serum. @entity37312 inhibited @entity20421 / @entity3115 aggregation and @entity1994 phosphorylation. Interestingly, @entity38623 ( @entity38623 ) inhibitor, @entity12703 , inhibited not only @entity20421 / @entity3115 aggregation but @entity20421 phosphorylation. The sequential activations were further confirmed by mutants DeltaPKC-delta, DeltaAkt, and DeltaERK1. Consistently, the primary @entity19 osteoblast cells used the same identified signaling molecules to express @entity5782 under mechanical strain. These results demonstrate that, in osteoblast-like cells, the @entity5782 induction by mechanical strain requires the transactivation of @entity20421 by @entity38623 and the cross-talk between @entity20421 / @entity3115 / @entity1994 and @entity13438 /ERK pathways.

title: @entity38623 transactivates XXXX -alpha in mechanical strain-induced collagenase 3 ( @entity5782 ) expression by osteoblast-like cells.

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity38623 :: ('18753(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PKC-delta', 'protein kinase C-delta']

entities_list: @entity5232 :: ('18596(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity5232 :: (18596(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors' goal was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical effect of @entity7994 compared with echocardiography and catheterization in the evaluation of @entity299 with @entity2735 ambiguous. METHOD: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity4032 were included. RESULTS: Because @entity2735 determined by the relation between the pulmonary artery and bronchi showed most predominantly a tendency toward lateralization, this was regarded as the standard reference of @entity2735 determination. For the purpose of this study, @entity1 were classified as having right isomerism (n = 13) or left isomerism groups (n = 9). @entity7994 has several advantages compared with echocardiography or cardiac angiography for examining @entity1 with @entity2735 ambiguous. (1) The bronchial, pulmonary arterial, and splenic @entity2735 can be readily determined, and discrepancies (n = 2) can be assessed easily. (2) Venoatrial connections are adequately imaged. In particular, all types of total and partial @entity1700 are delineated, regardless of whether restrictions of pulmonary blood flow or @entity3885 are involved (n = 4). The courses of vertical veins were easily identified, and the prearterial position was revealed in only one of seven right isomerisms with total @entity1700 . The drain pattern of the hepatic vein can be visualized using three-dimensional spatial information and is useful for total cavopulmonary connection design. (3) Associated complicated @entity299 , particularly the size or peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary arteries, may be evaluated, and this information is useful for palliative shunt operations. CONCLUSION: Because of its wide field of view and imaging, which is not restricted by associated anomalies, a thorough understanding of the cardiovascular anatomy of the @entity2735 ambiguous can be achieved using @entity7994 , which is of considerable value in the surgical correction of this complicated anomaly. @entity7994 can obviate or facilitate catheterization in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX in complicated @entity299 with @entity4032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstructions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['visceral heterotaxy syndrome']

answer: @entity7994 :: (78996,Gene) :: ['MRI']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies of @entity64 burden in Kuwait are scarce. We aimed to identify the risk factors, subtypes, and outcome of @entity385 in the 6 major hospitals in Kuwait between 2008 and 2013. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using randomly selected @entity385 @entity1 . It included data of sociodemographic status, @entity64 risk factors, @entity64 subtypes, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1257 @entity385 @entity1 (811 @entity1 and 446 @entity1 ; mean age 60.2        13.1) were included. Small-artery @entity385 was the most common @entity64 subgroup (69.8%) whereas @entity101 was the most prevalent risk factor (80.9%). History of @entity299 was significantly associated (P   <   .001) with @entity64 (58.3%) compared to large-artery @entity64 (37.5%) and small-artery @entity64 (32.5%). @entity955 was significantly prevalent (P   <   .001) in @entity64 (54.2%) compared to large-artery @entity64 (13%) and small-artery @entity64 (7.6%). Presentation at ages less   than 45 years was significantly (P   <   .001) associated with improved neurological status at discharge (82.6%) when compared to @entity1 aged 45-70 years (78.5%) and more than 70 years (63.8%). Similar findings were observed at 6 months follow-up (78.4% versus 72.8% and 46%; P   <   .001). @entity64 was significantly associated with higher mortality rates (25% versus 12.4% and 6.8%; P   <   .061) in @entity64 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Small-artery @entity385 was the most common @entity64 subgroup, and @entity101 was the most common risk factor. The outcome was better in younger @entity1 . @entity64 was associated with worse outcome.

title: Risk Factors, Subtypes, and Outcome of XXXX in Kuwait: A National Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic strokes', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'large-vessel and small-vessel strokes', 'Cardioembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: PROPOSED: Various techniques have so far been reported for the repair of @entity2650 , however, a one-stage procedure for the repair of severe @entity4094 still remains difficult to perform. We recently have begun to use the @entity2650 repair technique for the treatment of severe @entity4094 . @entity1 AND METHODS: As the chief surgeon, I performed a one-stage @entity2650 repair on 40 proximal hypospadiac @entity1 with severe fibrous chordee between July 1992 and December 2004. During the early period, eleven @entity1 underwent urethroplasty by the Transverse Preputial Island Flap techinique (TPIF). Next, 10 @entity1 underwent One-stage Urethroplasty with Parameatal Foreskin flap technique (OUPF IV). Finally, the most recent 19 had their @entity2650 repaired by the Yoke technique. RESULTS: With the TPIF technique in the early periods, only 6 out of 11 @entity1 underwent a successful repair (54.5%). With the OUPF IV technique, the success rate was only 60.0% (6 out of 10 cases). In contrast, 17 out of 19 cases treated by the Yoke technique in the most recent period had a successful repair, although proximal urethrocutaneous fistula and @entity3832 occurred in one @entity1 , respectively. A relatively high success rate was therefore obtained using the Yoke technique for the repair of severe @entity4094 . CONCLUSION: The Yoke techniques for the repair of @entity2650 is therefore considered to be a safe and effective technique for the repair of @entity4094 because of the continuous skin flap of the ventral urethral plate and the prepuce with a blood supply from the circumferential vascular pedicle. We consider this technique to be very useful for the treatment of severe @entity4094 .

title: [Yoke technique for severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Yoke hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['proximal hypospadias']


abstract: The most common indication for @entity717 surgery is @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and the incidence of @entity191 increases with age. The analysis reported here was undertaken with the primary goal of examining whether there is a relationship between peri-operative complications and age. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA) was queried for 10 years beginning in 1999 for @entity1 undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion, pallidotomy, and thalamotomy for treatment of @entity191 , essential @entity400 , and @entity3519 . Inpatient complications, including death, @entity64 (both @entity548 ), and other overall complications were examined. The relative risks associated with advanced age; primary diagnosis; treatment modality; the diagnoses of @entity101 , @entity6 , and nicotinism; and the cumulative number of comorbidities were examined. There were 5464 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria, including 4145 @entity1 treated for @entity191 and 4961 @entity1 treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Overall in-hospital mortality was 0.26%, with 0.15% related to surgical factors. There was a correlation between in-hospital mortality, increasing age, and number of medical comorbidities. After multivariate regression no factor remained predictive of mortality. Having more than 1 medical comorbidity or @entity191 increased the risk of in-hospital complications. @entity1 with @entity191 were more likely to suffer @entity548 or @entity64 . @entity101 , @entity6 , nicotinism, and modality of treatment were not associated with increased mortality, @entity548 or @entity64 risk, or in-hospital mortality in univariate or multivariate analysis. Both age and medical comorbidity are correlated with in-hospital complications, but age appears to serve as a surrogate for comorbidity. Surgery for @entity191 appears to carry an increased risk of @entity548 or @entity64 and in-hospital complications.

title: Acute complications of XXXX surgery: effects of age and comorbidities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic and hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorders']


abstract: To investigate the incidence of latex @entity10284 , 224 hospital employees were interviewed and prick skin tests were performed to six common aeroallergen extracts, one non-latex "synthetic" glove extract, and four different latex glove extracts. Of the 224 subjects, there were 136 nurses, 41 laboratory technicians, 13 dental staff, 11 physicians, 6 respiratory therapists, and 17 housekeeping and clerical workers. All 224 subjects tested negative for the nonlatex glove (Tactylon) extract but 38 (17%) tested positive for latex extracts. The incidence ranged from 0% in housekeeping staff to 38% in dental staff. Eighty-four percent of the latex skin test-positive employees complained of itching and 68% of rash upon exposure to latex, whereas the latex skin test-negative employees reported these symptoms in 29% and 17%, respectively. @entity110 was a symptom in 55% of the latex skin test-positive and 0.5% of the skin test negative-subjects. @entity2021 occurred in 10.5% of the skin test-positive and in none of the skin test-negative employees. Symptoms of sneezing (34% vs 7%), nasal congestion (39% vs 7%), and lacrimation and ocular itching (45% vs 6%) were also significantly different between the latex skin test-positive and latex skin test-negative subjects. We conclude that the incidence of latex IgE-mediated @entity566 in hospital employees is 17%. The symptoms of @entity2021 and hives when using latex gloves are sensitive predictors of IgE-mediated @entity2144 .

title: XXXX in hospital employees.

entities_list: @entity10284 :: ('MESH:D006969', 'Disease') :: ['IgE-mediated hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['Latex allergy']


abstract: This study aimed to assess nurses' involvement in the supportive care of @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity0 in Dutch hospitals. A questionnaire used to evaluate various aspects of nursing care for @entity0 @entity1 was sent to the surgical nursing teams in all 120 Dutch hospitals that provide surgical treatment for these @entity1 . Nursing care was defined to be optimal if it met the following criteria: (a) Specialized nursing support is provided to all @entity1 during admission and in the outpatient departments both before and after surgery. (b) A protocol is in place outlining standard nursing procedures for @entity0 @entity1 . (c) Formal communication about each @entity0 @entity1 exists between the nurses involved. On the basis of this definition, it was found that optimal nursing care was provided in only 6% of the hospitals. Nursing care fell short mainly in the outpatient setting. This shortcoming also was recognized by most respondents, and many were already planning improvements. Nurses had varying opinions about their responsibility to provide the @entity1 with information about the disease and its treatment, and consensus was lacking. In summary, nursing care for newly diagnosed @entity0 @entity1 in Dutch hospitals needs improvement, especially in the outpatient setting.

title: Supportive nursing care around XXXX surgery: an evaluation of the 1997 status in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Autologous fat grafts have been used successfully for structural fat grafting in facial, lip, and hand rejuvenation, body contour improvement, and @entity130 restoration. The purposes of this study were to define a new fat graft harvesting and processing technique, which is named the "Lopasce technique" ( @entity551 and slow centrifugation technique), and to evaluate the late clinical outcomes of fat grafting by this technique for different indications. A retrospective study was performed using the medical records of 21 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and four @entity1 ). The mean injected fat volume was 33.2    34 cc (range 6-125 cc). The mean follow-up period was 13.2    5.6 months (range 6-26 months). Postoperative results were evaluated by subjective and objective methods. In the subjective evaluation, 19 @entity1 stated that there had been little resorption and that it was not necessary to repeat the fat grafting, one @entity1 reported that the fat was resorbed in part, and one @entity1 reported that the fat was resorbed completely. In the objective evaluation, the amount of fat graft taken in the recipient sites was between 60%-80% (average 70%) when compared with preoperative and late postoperative photographs of the @entity1 at the 6- and 26-month follow-ups. Fat grafting is a simple, effective, and reproducible technique with a high satisfaction rate and few disadvantages or complications. We consider that structural fat grafting with the lopasce technique is an easy, effective, and long-lasting treatment for correction of congenital or acquired defects associated with various medical conditions.

title: Long-term clinical outcomes of fat grafting by XXXX and slow centrifugation (Lopasce technique) for different indications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low-pressure aspiration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic defect']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['low-pressure aspiration']


abstract: The objective of the study was to study the cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to assess the utility of vaginal cytology in determining the response to HRT. Ninety postmenopausal @entity1 (30 on @entity172 - @entity1420 combination (HRT) for 1 to 24 mo (user 1), 30 on @entity172 therapy (ERT) for 1 to 44 mo (user 2), and 30 not on any hormones (nonusers)) were included in the cross-sectional study. Their lateral vaginal wall smears and cervical smears were examined for hormonal and morphological assessments, respectively. The smear pattern showed predominance of parabasal cells in 46.6% of nonusers, while none of the users had >70% parabasal cells. A high percentage (>70%) of intermediate cells was found in 46.6% of users and only in 16.6% of nonusers. A high maturation value (MV) was found in more than 75% of users but in only 16.6% of nonusers. The @entity1 with high MV (>50) were significantly less symptomatic than did nonusers. @entity3202 were present in cervical smears of 14/20 (46.6%) nonusers when compared with 1/60 (1.66%) users. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) were diagnosed in seven users and three nonusers. It persisted on follow-up in four users and one nonuser. Histology revealed one mild @entity1141 among users. Lactobacilli were more frequently observed in users. The cytohormonal pattern on vaginal smears correlates well with the response to hormonal therapy and clinical symptoms. Awareness of the morphological alterations associated with the use of replacement hormones would enable the cytologists to reduce the false-positive diagnoses while evaluating postmenopausal smears.

title: Cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal XXXX on hormone replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic changes']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association of human leucocyte antigen and @entity421 in Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: The frequencies of @entity1529 ,B,DR,DQ locus antigens were tested in a group of 25 @entity421 @entity1 and in a control group of 250 healthy @entity1 by using complement-dependent microlymphocytoxity technique. The members of both groups were of Chinese Han nationality. Their results were compared statistically. RESULTS: The frequency of HLA-B35 was 0.400 in @entity1 group and 0.048 in the control group. The relative risk of suffering from @entity421 in @entity1 carrying HLA-B35 was 13.220 times as high as that in those without this antigen (P < 0.01). @entity1 with HLA-B13 had 12.048 fold increase in relative risk with poor prognosis compared to those without this antigen (P < 0.05). A tendency of worst prognosis was seen in @entity1 who carried both HLA-B13 and HLA-B35, but @entity1 with HLA-B40 had 7.057 times better relative safety for good prognosis than those without that antigen (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HLA-B35 is in close linkage to @entity421 susceptible gene in Chinese Han nationality. HLA-B13 and HLA-B40 may be separately related to the malignant and resistant genes of @entity421 .

title: [A primary study of the association of human leucocyte antigen and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity4424 is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus with specific culture and growth requirements and unusual antibacterial susceptibilities. It has only recently been recognized as a @entity1 pathogen. @entity5517 with this organism are rare especially in @entity1 . We treated two @entity1 with @entity4550 caused by @entity4424 . One was an 8-year-old @entity1 ; the other was an 11-year-old @entity1 . @entity4550 in both @entity1 occurred after an upper @entity1729 . @entity1244 and a @entity733 were present in both @entity1 . @entity4424 and Streptococcus viridans were isolated from the @entity1 ; @entity4424 was the sole isolate in the @entity1 . Intravenous @entity869 , prolonged hospitalization, and surgical drainage of the orbit were required to control the @entity281 in both @entity1 . @entity4424 must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity4550 in @entity1 , and ophthalmologists must become familiar with the characteristics of this peculiar organism.

title: @entity4550 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'human', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular and adnexal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4424 :: ('539', 'Species') :: ['E. corrodens', 'Eikenella corrodens']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subperiosteal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis', 'Orbital cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity4424 :: (539,Species) :: ['Eikenella corrodens']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity1 @entity8251 gene cause @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ), a severe @entity245 that predominantly affects @entity1 . Despite decades of work, the molecular function of @entity20217 is not fully understood. Here we report a systematic identification of @entity20217 -interacting proteins in the @entity19 brain. In addition to transcription regulators, we found that @entity20217 physically interacts with several modulators of RNA splicing, including LEDGF and @entity48516 . These interactions are disrupted by @entity6694 causing mutations, suggesting that they may play a role in @entity6694 pathogenesis. Consistent with the idea, deep RNA sequencing revealed misregulation of hundreds of splicing events in the cortex of @entity20217 knockout @entity19 . To reveal the functional consequence of altered RNA splicing due to the loss of @entity20217 , we focused on the regulation of the splicing of the flip/flop exon of @entity9449 and other AMPAR genes. We found a significant splicing shift in the flip/flop exon toward the flop inclusion, leading to a faster decay in the AMPAR gated current and altered synaptic transmission. In summary, our study identified direct physical interaction between @entity20217 and splicing factors, a novel @entity20217 target gene, and established functional connection between a specific RNA splicing change and synaptic phenotypes in @entity6694 @entity19 . These results not only help our understanding of the molecular function of @entity20217 , but also reveal potential drug targets for future therapies.

title: Misregulation of Alternative Splicing in a XXXX Model of Rett Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RTT', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is recommended that general practitioners (GPs) offer cessation advice and pharmacological interventions to smokers with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). The study objective was to describe the extent to which this is done, and to describe outcomes by smoking status. DESIGN: @entity1 aged 30+ hospitalised for troponin-positive @entity1187 from 2002 to 2009, discharged home alive, were identified in the @entity296 National Audit Project registry. @entity1 data were linked to the General Practice Research Database, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Office of National Statistics mortality data, enabling a unique perspective of longitudinal smoking data. @entity1 who smoked prior to the hospitalisation had GP interventions and quitting status established in the 3 months following discharge, and were followed up for major clinical outcomes. METHODS: The outcomes evaluated included @entity204 , repeat @entity1187 , @entity64 , @entity712 , and major adverse @entity299 (MACE). RESULTS: Of the 4834 @entity1 included, 965 (20%) were smokers at the time of their @entity1187 . After the @entity1187 event, only 225 (24%) received any GP smoking intervention within 3 months, with 82 (9%) receiving advice only, and 143 (15%) receiving a pharmacological intervention. @entity1 who quit (320; 33%) were at a decreased risk of mortality (relative risk (RR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.69) and MACE (RR 0.61; 0.46-0.80) compared with @entity1 who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst a high proportion of @entity1 with @entity1187 are smokers, there is a low level of GP cessation intervention following hospital discharge. This missed opportunity of @entity1 care is important given the decreased risk of mortality and MACE found amongst those who quit.

title: Smoking cessation interventions following XXXX : a missed opportunity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: The endoderm contributes cells to the gut, and participates in the induction and patterning of the vertebrate head and heart. The mechanisms controlling the formation of endoderm are poorly understood. Commitment of endoderm cells occurs at the onset of gastrulation and requires cell interactions; studies in vitro have implicated transforming growth factor Beta (TGF-beta)-related molecules in this process. @entity30699 is a @entity3392 receptor kinase that is related to the type I subunit of the TGF-beta receptor, and is expressed in presumptive endomesodermal cells at gastrulation. We provide here evidence for its involvement in endoderm formation in vivo. Activation of @entity30699 was found to drive blastomeres towards an endodermal fate. The induced endoderm behaved ad endogenous endoderm during gastrulation: it migrated in contact with the yolk and expressed endoderm-specific markers. Loss-of-function mutations in the @entity3392 @entity50019 (OEP) gene lead to defects in @entity149 (CNS) and @entity10146 . Mutant embryos also lack endoderm and anterior mesoderm. Endoderm formation in oep mutant embryos was found to be restored by the activation of the @entity30699 signaling pathway. @entity299 , but not midline CNS structures, were rescued non-autonomously, demonstrating that endoderm may provide signals that can pattern the eye anlage, and which are distinct form those specifying the ventral midline of the CNS.

title: Conversion of XXXX blastomeres to an endodermal fate by TGF-beta-related signaling.

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['heart formation, defects of the ventral central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and ocular defects']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Ten @entity1 underwent an aortapulmonary artery shunt with a @entity736 ( @entity736 ) tube between December, 1976, and October, 1977. Five of them were less than 1 month old. The diameter of the @entity736 tube was 5 mm in 9 @entity1 and 4 mm in 1 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 survived the operation. One of them had a clotted shunt, which was reoperated on successfully. Three @entity1 died in the postoperative period, and all had a patent shunt. Overall patency was 90% (9/10). @entity712 refractory to medical treatment developed in 1 @entity1 with a patent Blalock-Taussig and @entity736 shunt. In our institution, the Blalock-Taussig shunt is the procedure of choice. The @entity736 shunt is used when the anatomy of a @entity1 is unsuitable for a Blalock-Taussig shunt. A tube diameter of 5 mm is optimal for @entity1 when further growth is considered, even if digitalization is necessary to control @entity712 .

title: Aorta-pulmonary artery shunts with expanded @entity736 ( XXXX ) tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['PTFE']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared laparoscopic approach with the conventional laparotomy approach for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1204 in developing country. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-two @entity1 with @entity1204 were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial and treated with laparoscopic or laparotomy approach. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one @entity1 were treated by laparoscopy, while one hundred and twenty-one @entity1 were treated by laparotomy. The median operative time was 211 min in the laparoscopy group and 231 min in the laparotomy group (P > 0.05). The median @entity190 was 86 ml in the laparoscopy group and 419 ml in the laparotomy group (P < 0.05). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days in the laparoscopy group and 6 days in the laparotomy group (P < 0.05). Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in all the @entity1 . Para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed in 15 % of the laparoscopy and 31.4 % of laparotomy group (P < 0.05). The overall survival and 5-year survival rate for the @entity43167 were 94 and 96 % compared with 90.1 and 91 % in the TAH, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and reliable alternative to laparotomy in the management of @entity1204 @entity1 , with significantly reduced hospital stay and postoperative complications; however, it does not seem to improve the overall survival and 5-year survival rate, although multicenter randomized trials are required to evaluate the overall oncologic outcomes of this procedure.

title: Comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy for management of XXXX : a prospective randomized study with 11-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate tolerance and efficiency of a boost dose delivered by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRB) in conservative treatment of @entity0 . To evaluate the feasibility of brachytherapy on an out- @entity1 basis. METHODS: One hundred and six @entity1 with T1-T2, N0-N1 @entity0 (108 breasts) have been treated with lumpectomy, external irradiation (45 Gy in 5 weeks), and a boost dose on the @entity5 bed with @entity3831 iridium brachytherapy. Two fractions of 5 Gy were delivered 6 or 24 hours apart. Implantation was done during the lumpectomy (group A: 24 cases) or 3 to 4 weeks after the end of external irradiation (group B: 84 cases). For group B, the application was performed on local anesthesia, and did not require hospitalization. Characteristics of the population were as follows: T1: 77 (71.3%); T2: 31 (28.7%); median @entity5 size: 1.5 cm; histology: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ): 14 (13%); @entity513 ( @entity513 ): 84 (77.8%); others: 10 (9.2%). For @entity513 , surgical margins were found positive in 15 cases, and an extensive intraductal component was present in 22 cases. RESULTS: All ambulatory @entity3831 implants were performed as planned. No immediate @entity137 was noticed, except 5 local @entity1410 . With a median follow-up of 45 months, 5 local relapses were observed (5-year local relapse rate: 5.1%). Only histological grade III was significantly correlated with local relapse. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were respectively 93.8% and 93.3%. Cosmetic result was evaluated in 87 cases, and was good or excellent in 48 cases (63.2%), acceptable in 27 cases, and poor in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: HDRB allows the boost dose to be performed on an out- @entity1 basis. It seems to offer the same local control as other boost techniques for localized @entity0 with acceptable cosmetic results.

title: High-dose-rate brachytherapy for early XXXX : an ambulatory technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinomas', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'infiltrative ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Previous studies have strongly suggested an association between rheumatoid factors (RF's), particularly IgA-RF, and the presence of @entity2681 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The present study was aimed at studying this association in seronegative erosive arthritides. Forty-eight @entity1 with seronegative @entity625 were evaluated for the presence of IgM- and IgA-RFs using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty-nine had seronegative @entity309 and nineteen had @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). Twelve (41%) seronegative @entity309 @entity1 were found to be seropositive for IgM- or IgA-RF. Only 1 (7%) @entity1 with @entity7735 was positive for IgA-RF alone. Fifteen (51%) of the @entity309 @entity1 and eight (42%) of the @entity7735 @entity1 @entity66 . A significant correlation between @entity7491 was found only in the seronegative @entity309 @entity1 (p less than 0.02). We conclude that in @entity7735 @entity1 there appears to be no need to define isotype specific RFs. On the other hand, our findings indicate that an early detection of IgA-RF can have clinical importance in seronegative @entity309 , as it may constitute an indication for the timely institution of disease-modifying drugs in these @entity1 .

title: ELISA determined IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors in seronegative rheumatoid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['had erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA-RF alone and erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: Locally recurrent @entity188 has been under-recognized as a complication, although it affects up to 40% of @entity1 treated with surgery alone. Even in the best centers, rates average 25%. While radiotherapy may reduce recurrence, it is now apparent that total mesorectal excision is the most effective modality, with rates as low as 5%. The dramatic decrease in local recurrence can also be linked to increased survival in prospective studies, an effect more significant than any adjuvant therapy. The options, however, for @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 are limited. Fifteen percent of @entity1 with this complication die without systemic spread. Salvage by surgery offers potential cure. Other than anastomotic recurrences that can be locally resected, the best approach for long-term survival is an extensive surgical procedure requiring en bloc removal of adjacent organs and pelvic structures-so-called composite resection. With careful selection, 30% 5-year survival can be achieved and palliation is considerable, with 50% long-term local control. Intraoperative radiotherapy and brachytherapy, and/or preoperative chemoradiation may provide better results in future. Newer techniques of coloanal @entity254 , improved urinary diversion, and myocutaneous flaps for perineal reconstruction radically reduce the morbidity of these procedures. The approach to recurrent @entity5 requires a sophisticated multidisciplinary team to obtain optimum results.

title: Locally recurrent XXXX : role of composite resection of extensive pelvic tumors with strategies for minimizing risk of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The @entity9800 derivative @entity1945 has been postulated to mediate its antitumor effect through a drug-induced increase in covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes. If this hypothesis is correct, then schedules of exposure to topotecan that maximize the number of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes should produce the greatest @entity137 . We identified schedules of exposure to topotecan that maximize levels of complexes in vitro and used these schedules to postulate effective schedules of exposure in vivo in a @entity19 xenograft model. Unexpectedly, K+- @entity214 precipitation assays quantitating covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes showed that Daoy @entity2946 and Rh30 @entity980 cells became refractory to drug-induced increases in complexes after an 8-h exposure to 2.5 microM topotecan. In contrast, assays using 10-50 nM topotecan showed that the cells did not become refractory, and more importantly, intermittent exposure to drug increased the level of complexes approximately 2-fold above the maximum level observed after a single drug exposure. The data indicate that continuous exposure to topotecan does not maximize topoisomerase I-DNA complexes and suggest that effective intermittent schedules of exposure to topotecan might be identified. Growth inhibition assays confirmed this hypothesis and showed that growth inhibition by topotecan was extremely schedule dependent in Rh30 cells but not in @entity1 cells. Xenograft studies showed that schedules modeled after the in vitro experiments produced complete @entity5 regressions in @entity19 . Topotecan given daily (0.6-2.2 mg/kg) or every other day (1-3.3 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, repeated every 21 days for three cycles, produced complete regressions of Daoy xenografts; however, daily exposure was required to achieve complete regressions of Rh30 xenografts. We conclude that effective intermittent schedules of exposure to topotecan, based on biochemical parameters, can be identified. The clinical utility of each schedule will depend on the relative antitumor effect compared to the toxic effect on the bone marrow, which usually limits administration of topotecan to @entity1 .

title: Effective schedules of exposure of @entity2946 and XXXX xenografts to topotecan correlate with in vitro assays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Daoy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Central sleep @entity386 is a period of at least 10 s without airflow, during which no ventilatory effort is present. Most of the central apneas occur in @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep. Central @entity386 occuring in Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is extremely rare. We present our @entity1 who had a diagnosis of @entity27 in another sleep center since 2003. His Auto Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine was disrupted so he admitted to our center to renew his machine and for @entity25 while using his machine. The polysomnography revealed central apneas ending with respiratory arousals and periodic @entity717 in rapid eye movement (REM) stage. We found no cause for central apneas. The @entity1 benefited from servo ventilator therapy. We present this case as an unusual form of central @entity386 with the review of the literatures. Even the @entity1 diagnosed as @entity27 should be analyzed carefully. The diagnosis and the therapeutic approach may change in the favor of the @entity1 .

title: Rapid eye movement dependent central apnea with periodic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['leg movements']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Rapid eye movement', 'NREM']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['leg movements']