abstract: OBJECTIVE: To appraise the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of CT pulmonary angiography and the prognostic value of a negative CT pulmonary angiogram in the diagnosis of @entity1151 . METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, and grey literature were systematically searched by two researchers. Any study which compared CT pulmonary angiography to an acceptable reference standard or prospectively followed up a cohort of @entity1 with a normal CT pulmonary angiogram was included. Study methods were appraised independently by two researchers, and data were extracted independently by three researchers. RESULTS: Thirteen diagnostic and 11 follow up studies were identified. Studies varied in prevalence of @entity1151 (19-79%), @entity1 groups, and method quality. Few studies recruited unselected emergency department @entity1 . There was heterogeneity in the analysis of sensitivity (53 to 100%), specificity (79 to 100%), and false negative rate (1.0 to 10.7%). The pooled false negative rate of combined negative CT pulmonary angiography and negative deep vein @entity715 testing was 1.5% (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9%). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic studies give conflicting results for the diagnostic accuracy of CT pulmonary angiography. Follow up studies show that CT pulmonary angiography can be used in combination with investigation for deep vein @entity715 to exclude @entity1151 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX with CT pulmonary angiography: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a complex trait in which alleles at or near the class II loci @entity1533 and @entity3098 contribute significantly to genetic risk. @entity1533 *15 and @entity1533 *17-bearing haplotypes and interactions at the @entity1533 locus increase risk of @entity15 but it has taken large samples to identify resistance @entity1533 alleles. In this investigation of 7,093 individuals from 1,432 @entity15 families, we have assessed the validity, mode of inheritance, associated genotypes, and the interactions of @entity1533 resistance alleles. @entity1533 *14-, @entity1533 *11-, @entity1533 *01-, and @entity1533 *10-bearing haplotypes are protective overall but they appear to operate by different mechanisms. The first type of resistance allele is characterised by @entity1533 *14 and @entity1533 *11. Each shows a multiplicative mode of inheritance indicating a broadly acting suppression of risk, but a different degree of protection. In contrast, a second type is exemplified by @entity1533 *10 and @entity1533 *01. These alleles are significantly protective when they interact specifically in trans with @entity1533 *15-bearing haplotypes. @entity1533 *01 and @entity1533 *10 do not interact with @entity1533 *17, implying that several mechanisms may be operative in major histocompatibility complex-associated @entity15 susceptibility, perhaps analogous to the resistance alleles. There are major practical implications for risk and for the exploration of mechanisms in animal models. Restriction of antigen presentation by @entity1533 *15 seems an improbably simple mechanism of major histocompatibility complex-associated susceptibility.

title: The inheritance of resistance alleles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To differentiate juvenile @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) and @entity3986 , both of which may present with chronic @entity425 and @entity32 . METHODS: We studied 39 @entity1 with probable or definite juvenile @entity6558 and 9 @entity1 with @entity3986 who were initially misdiagnosed as having juvenile @entity6558 . Differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory results; outcomes; and treatment responses were evaluated by Fisher's exact and rank sum tests. Random forests classification analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine significant differences in multivariable models. RESULTS: Clinical features and serum muscle enzyme levels were similar between juvenile @entity6558 and @entity3986 @entity1 , except 89% of @entity3986 @entity1 had @entity2057 compared with 46% of juvenile @entity6558 @entity1 . @entity3986 @entity1 had a longer delay to diagnosis (median 12 versus 4 months) and were less frequently hospitalized than juvenile @entity6558 @entity1 (22% versus 74%). No @entity3986 @entity1 , but 54% of juvenile @entity6558 @entity1 , had a @entity5442 autoantibody. @entity3986 @entity1 more frequently had @entity121 features on muscle biopsy, including diffuse variation of myofiber size, fiber @entity1184 , and myofiber @entity82 (44-100% versus 8-53%). Juvenile @entity6558 @entity1 more frequently had complex repetitive discharges on electromyography and a complete response to treatment with @entity229 or other immunosuppressive agents than @entity3986 @entity1 (44% versus 0%). Random forests analysis revealed that the most important features in distinguishing juvenile @entity6558 from @entity3986 were @entity5442 autoantibodies, clinical @entity2057 , and myofiber size variation on biopsy. Logistic regression confirmed @entity2057 , myofiber @entity82 , and hospitalization as significant predictors. CONCLUSION: @entity3986 can present similarly to juvenile @entity6558 . Selected clinical and laboratory features are helpful in combination in distinguishing these conditions.

title: Clinical and laboratory features distinguishing juvenile XXXX and @entity3986 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'Muscular dystrophy', 'dystrophy', 'Dystrophy', 'muscular dystrophies', 'dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['polymyositis']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with dyslipidaemia characterised by increased fasting @entity412 and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. Causes for @entity28 -associated dyslipidaemia include @entity2690 resistance, excessive caloric intake, increased free @entity844 production and disturbances in the counter-regulatory hormones. We examined the relationships between lipid parameters and @entity28 before and after adjustment of @entity2690 resistance in 902 Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 . After adjustment for age, smoking and @entity2690 resistance, increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) remained closely associated with increased concentrations of @entity412 and @entity755 ( @entity755 ), increased ratios between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL (LDL/HDL), and that between @entity755 ( @entity755 /LDL), increased fasting and 2-h plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 , as well as decreased concentrations of HDL, @entity9477 and @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ). On stepwise multiple regression analysis using age, BMI, WHR, @entity2690 resistance and fasting plasma @entity413 as independent variables, BMI and WHR were the major determinants for the variance of @entity412 , HDL and its subfractions, LDL/HDL, @entity755 and @entity755 /LDL. Age was the most important predictor for total @entity165 and LDL. @entity2690 resistance only explained less than 1% of the variance in @entity412 and @entity755 . This was compared to a variance between 10 and 16% in these parameters as explained by BMI and/or WHR. In conclusion, @entity28 is associated with dyslipidaemia in Chinese @entity1 , characterised by increased plasma @entity412 , @entity755 , @entity755 , and decreased HDL, @entity9477 and @entity1675 concentrations. @entity28 independent of @entity2690 resistance, in @entity6220 as reflected by increased WHR, was the most important independent variable for many of these @entity14822 . Our results emphasised the multifactorial linkage between @entity28 and dyslipidaemia.

title: The association between dyslipidaemia and XXXX in Chinese @entity1 after adjustment for @entity2690 resistance.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['particular central adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apo B', 'apo B and LDL', 'LDL/HDL, apo B/LDL', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I', 'apo A-I']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In this study dynamic 99Tcm-HIDA single photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed in @entity1 with @entity991 and normal test subjects. The method offers the possibility of functional analysis of individual @entity409 . After injection of 120 MBq of 99Tcm-HIDA, 12 consecutive SPET examinations were performed at 6-min intervals. The segmental borders of @entity409 as seen on computed tomography or magnetic resonance examinations were superimposed on the scintigraphic images allowing placement of regions of interest (ROIs) in specific @entity409 . Sampling from the same ROIs in consecutive SPET images enabled creation of time-activity curves for individual @entity409 . A range of normal values was created by quantitative analysis of normal volunteer studies. Results of the studies in @entity1 correlated well with cholangiographic extent of disease, liver function tests and histological stage. The technique may have particular value in diseases that affect the liver in a nonhomogenous or segmental fashion. Giving an indication of bile clearance from individual @entity409 , it can quantify the functional importance of radiologically detected strictures. Percutaneous liver biopsy can be directed to the worst affected parts of the liver, making biopsy more representative. Sequential studies may allow monitoring of disease progression, aiding in selection and timing of therapeutic procedures.

title: Dynamic 99Tcm-HIDA SPET: non-invasive measuring of intrahepatic bile flow. Description of the method and a study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver segments']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With the increase in penile augmentation procedures it becomes important to assess what is the normal erect penile size in both potent @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ). AIM: The aim of this work is to define the average stretched penile size in normal @entity1 and @entity323 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Penile length and girth. METHODS: This study included 1,027 adult @entity1 presenting to a university hospital outpatient clinic. Two groups of @entity1 were included in this research work. Group I comprises normal adult @entity1 (949) and Group II, @entity323 @entity1 (78). There were no differences of race, age, height, and weight. Penile length and girth were measured using a tape measure and rigid ruler in the fully stretched states in both groups. All penile measurements were performed by the same physician. RESULTS: In normal @entity1 (Group I) the mean of the fully stretched length was 12.9 +/- 1.9 cm and the mean of the fully stretched girth was 8.9 +/- 0.9 cm. In @entity323 @entity1 (Group II), the mean of the fully stretched length was 11.2 +/- 1.5 cm and the mean of fully stretched girth was 8.8 +/- 0.8 cm. Comparing the mean of fully stretched penile lengths in both groups revealed statistical significant difference (P < 0.001) between them, whereas comparing the mean of fully stretched penile girths in both groups revealed statistical nonsignificant difference (P = 0.474) between them. There were significant positive correlations between fully stretched penile lengths and fully stretched penile girths in both groups. CONCLUSION: The average of fully stretched penile length in normal potent @entity1 is 12.9 cm, whereas the @entity1 with @entity323 tend to have significantly shorter penises (11.2 +/- 1.5 cm).

title: Comparing penile measurements in normal and XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( @entity13552 ), a marine @entity1 found off the Atlantic coast, has become the focus of considerable attention because of an increasing number of mortality events witnessed in this species over the last several years along the southeastern United States. Assessment of the impact of environmental stressors on bottlenose dolphins (BND) has been difficult because of the protected status of these marine mammals. The studies presented herein focused on establishing epidermal cell cultures and cell lines as tools for the in vitro evaluation of environmental stressors on BND skin. Epidermal cell cultures were established from skin samples obtained from Atlantic BND and subjected to karyotype analysis. These cultures were further characterized using immunohistochemical methods demonstrating expression of cytokeratins. By two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), we observed that the proteomic profile of BND skin tissue samples shared distinct similarities with that of skin-derived cultures. Epidermal cell cultures were transfected with a plasmid encoding the SV40 small t- and large T-antigens, as well as the @entity5154 -resistance gene. Five @entity5154 -resistant clones were isolated and expanded, and all of them proliferated at a faster rate than nontransfected BND epidermal cultures, which exhibited signs of senescence. Cell lysates prepared from two transfected clones were shown to express, by Western blot analysis, both SV40 @entity5 antigens. These experimental results are consistent with the concept that transfected clones expressing SV40 @entity5 antigens represent immortalized BND cell lines. Epidermal cell lines derived from @entity13552 will provide a unique tool for studying key features of the interaction occurring between dolphins and the environment in which they live at their most crucial interface: the skin.

title: Establishment of epidermal cell lines derived from the skin of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with elevated postprandial free @entity1718 (FFA) and insulin resistance; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance to suppress lipolysis during gestation. We evaluated the longitudinal changes in insulin suppression of FFA before pregnancy and in early (12-14 wk) and late (34-36 wk) gestation in @entity28 subjects with normal @entity413 tolerance and in @entity6 subjects. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were also obtained during cesarean delivery from normal @entity28 pregnant (Preg-Con), @entity6 , and nonpregnant @entity28 control (Non-Preg-Con) subjects during gynecological surgery. @entity6 subjects had higher basal plasma FFA before pregnancy (P = 0.055). Insulin's ability to suppress FFA levels declined from early to late gestation in both @entity6 and Preg-Con subjects and was significantly less in @entity6 subjects compared with Preg-Con subjects over time (P = 0.025). Adipose tissue @entity10175 protein levels were 43% lower (P = 0.02) and p85alpha subunit of @entity4357 3-kinase was twofold higher (P = 0.03) in @entity6 compared with Preg-Con subjects. The levels of @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) mRNA and protein were lower by 38% in Preg-Con (P = 0.006) and by 48% in @entity6 subjects (P = 0.005) compared with Non-Preg controls. Lipoprotein lipase and @entity844 -binding protein-2 mRNA levels were 73 and 52% lower in @entity6 compared with Preg-Con subjects (P < 0.002). Thus @entity6 @entity1 have decreased @entity10175 , which may contribute to reduced insulin suppression of lipolysis with advancing gestation. Decreased @entity6864 and its target genes may be part of the molecular mechanism to accelerate fat catabolism to meet fetal nutrient demand in late gestation.

title: Downregulated @entity10175 and @entity6864 in @entity28 XXXX with gestational diabetes: relationship to FFA during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['IRS-1', 'insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'obese GDM', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The antigen-specific activation of T-helper lymphocytes is dependent on the presentation of antigen in context with the gene products of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II). Aberrant expression of MHC II on the ciliary epithelium has been observed in @entity735 , which may enable these cells to interact specifically with lymphocytes and may play a role in ocular autoimmunity. @entity1 MHC II consists of three subclasses, termed HLA DR, DP and DQ, which seem to be differentially regulated and may have different functions. The present study was initiated to investigate the dynamics of the differential MHC II expression on cultured @entity1 non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (NPE cells) in response to gamma-interferon by means of immunohistochemistry. NPE were isolated by a technique of selective adhesion to tissue culture substrate, and growth was induced after transfection with an origin-defective mutant of SV-40 virus DNA. NPE grown in control tissue culture medium did not express MHC class II. @entity3099 could be induced by incubation with low concentrations of gamma-IFN for short periods. HLA DQ was expressed only weakly even with higher doses of gamma-IFN and longer incubation periods. The differential expression of @entity3099 , compared to HLA DQ in response to gamma-IFN in the ciliary epithelium, is similar to observations in other non-lymphoid ocular cells, but appears to be different from the regulation of MHC II on lymphoid cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Differential expression of HLA DR, DP and DQ in cultivated, XXXX ciliary body epithelial cells].

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['uveitic eyes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developing countries, the rate of complications from @entity102 media is still high, due to factors associated with poverty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity102 media and associated complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively studied all @entity1 presenting with @entity102 media to the ear, nose and throat unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, over a two-year period. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty new cases of @entity102 media were seen. These constituted 11.1 per cent of all new cases and 21.5 per cent of all otological cases seen. About half (51.7 per cent) of these @entity1 were younger than 15 years. Most @entity1 were from rural areas and had been previously managed by unlicensed, untrained practitioners. Complications were mostly seen in @entity1 . @entity1504 were seen in 10 (6.3 per cent) cases; this was associated with a high mortality rate. CONCLUSION: This study found that, in Nigeria, a developing country, 'safe' @entity102 media was not without serious problems. Provision of adequate health facilities may reduce such problems.

title: Challenges in management of XXXX media in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial complications']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']


abstract: A case-control study of 34 @entity1 with occult @entity2259 was conducted to test the hypothesis that nonresponse to @entity1443 (decrease less than or equal to 0.8 degrees C) is a risk factor for occult @entity2259 . Febrile @entity1 visiting the emergency center from May 1986 to October 1987 were monitored for occult @entity2259 . Inclusion criteria were age 2 months to 6 years, temperature greater than or equal to 38.9 degrees C, and having a blood culture. Exclusion criteria were serious acute or @entity102 , sponging for @entity221 , current therapy with antibiotics or @entity230 , and admission to the hospital. Records of 3892 febrile @entity1 were reviewed. Of these, 2101 (54%) had a blood culture and 1028 (26%) were eligible. All @entity1 (positive blood culture) were matched with two control subjects (negative blood culture). @entity1 and control subjects had similar age, gender, ethnicity, height of initial temperature, time to second temperature, and dose of @entity1443 . The estimated risk of occult @entity2259 for nonresponders was 9.2 (95% confidence interval 2.7, 32.0). We conclude that @entity1 who do not respond to @entity1443 by at least a 0.8 degrees C decrease in temperature have an increased risk of occult @entity2259 . However, achieving a response to @entity1443 does not eliminate the possibility that the @entity1 has occult @entity2259 .

title: Temperature response to @entity1443 and risk of occult XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever reduction']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Expression of T helper (Th)1 cytokine mRNA in pregnant @entity1 is known to be inversely correlated with serum human chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ). Type 1 @entity6 is a @entity630 -mediated @entity792 , in which intervention at an early stage of the autoimmune process can prevent disease progression. We hypothesised that immune modulation by treating young NOD @entity19 with @entity1465 may prevent @entity6 . METHODS: Female NOD @entity19 were treated with @entity1465 or recombinant @entity1465 from 3 to 15 weeks of age and the incidence of @entity6 and development of insulitis was determined. @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) T cell populations, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells were examined and adoptive transfer experiments were performed. RESULTS: Both purified and recombinant @entity1465 prevented development of @entity6 in NOD @entity19 . @entity1465 decreased the proportion and number of @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) T cells and inhibited T cell proliferative responses against beta cell antigens. @entity1465 treatment suppressed @entity60 production, but increased @entity1618 and @entity641 production in splenocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. @entity1465 treatment also suppressed @entity637 production in splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, @entity1465 treatment increased the @entity1961 (+)CD25(+)/ @entity1961 (+) T cell ratio in spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes. Depletion of @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) T cells from splenocytes of @entity1465 -treated NOD @entity19 abolished their preventive effect on @entity6 transfer. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that @entity1465 has an immunomodulatory effect by downregulating effector cells, including @entity630 cells, CD8(+) T cells and macrophages, and increasing the @entity1961 (+)CD25(+)/ @entity1961 (+) T cell ratio, thus preventing autoimmune @entity6 in NOD @entity19 .

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin is an immune modulator and can prevent autoimmune @entity6 in NOD XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Although several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and hip circumference or height, the results are inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies was conducted to assess the effects of hip circumference and height on @entity6 risk. Online databases were searched through January 2012, and the reference lists of pertinent articles reporting observational studies in @entity1 were examined. Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with a random-effects model. Eighteen studies (nine cross-sectional and nine cohort) were included, with 250,497 @entity1 and 7,765 cases of @entity6 . Hip circumference was inversely associated with an increased risk of @entity6 in @entity1 (summary RR [95% CI] 0.60 [0.45, 0.80]) and @entity1 (0.54 [0.42, 0.70]). These results were consistent between cross-sectional and cohort studies. An inverse association between height and @entity6 was observed in @entity1 only (summary RR [95% CI] 0.83 [0.73, 0.95]). Our meta-analysis strongly supports an inverse relationship between hip circumference and risk of @entity6 in @entity1 and @entity1 . The inverse association between height and risk was significant only in @entity1 .

title: Hip circumference, height and risk of type 2 XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Although the presence of a chromosome 11q23 breakpoint is of recognized poor prognosis in @entity981 , its prognostic significance in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has been the object of conflicting reports, perhaps reflecting the possibility of different entities. It has been found that only typical and generally balanced 11q23 @entity2008 involve the @entity11626 gene while atypical and generally unbalanced do not. To determine whether these two categories of @entity3052 @entity1 had different initial characteristics and evolution, supporting different pathogenetic mechanisms, we analyzed clinical and biologic characteristics of newly diagnosed @entity3052 @entity1 with balanced 11q23 breakpoint and/or @entity11626 rearrangement seen over a 10-year period in our institution and compared them to cases with @entity154 seen over the same period. These two categories of @entity1 were compared with newly diagnosed @entity1 with normal karyotype and no @entity11626 rearrangement when tested, seen over the same period of time and treated similarly. Over this period, 442 newly diagnosed adult (> 15 years) @entity3052 seen in our institution had a successful karyotype performed before any therapy. Thirty-six cases (8%) had a chromosome 11q23 breakpoint including 19 cases with a balanced translocation or inversion and 17 cases with an @entity154 . Eighty-seven recently diagnosed cases of @entity3052 , for whom frozen cellular material was available, were analyzed by Southern blot for the presence of @entity11626 gene rearrangement. Fourteen cases (16% of the tested cases) had a rearrangement of the @entity11626 gene, including seven cases with an apparently successful karyotype not showing any 11q23 breakpoint and two cases with no available karyotype. The only case with unbalanced 11q23 @entity2008 which was tested had no @entity11626 rearrangement. There was a clear-cut clinical difference between the 28 @entity1 having a balanced 11q23 @entity154 / @entity11626 rearrangement and the 17 @entity1 having an unbalanced @entity2008 : @entity3052 with @entity154 occurred in older @entity1 (P = 0.07) tended to be less frequently associated with previous exposure to topoisomerase II-active drugs and with M4/M5 FAB cytological subtypes, were always associated with other @entity2008 (P < 0.0001), expressed more frequently the @entity2280 antigen (P = 0.05) and were of considerably poorer prognosis for achievement of CR (P = 0.005) and survival (P = 0.0005). When compared to the control population, @entity1 with @entity154 had more frequent history of toxic exposure (P = 0.0003) particularly to topoisomerase II-active drugs, tended to be more frequently of M4/M5 FAB subtypes (P = 0.07), expressed more frequently HLA-DR antigen (P = 0.02) and had shorter DFS (P = 0.02). @entity1 with @entity154 had more frequent @entity381 (P = 0.009), lower WBC count (P = 0.04), and much poorer prognosis for CR achievement (P = 0.0001), survival (P < 0.0001) and DFS (P = 0.01). This study confirms the high frequency of 11q23 chromosomal breakpoint/ @entity11626 rearrangement in adult @entity3052 and the probable existence of two different entities with different clinical features according to the presence of a balanced or unbalanced @entity2008 , the latter being not associated with @entity11626 rearrangement.

title: Clinical and biological characteristics of adult de novo and secondary @entity3052 with balanced 11q23 XXXX or @entity11626 gene rearrangement compared to cases with @entity154 : confirmation of the existence of different entities with 11q23 breakpoint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['unbalanced anomaly', 'anomaly', 'unbalanced 11q23 anomaly', 'balanced anomalies', 'unbalanced anomalies', 'unbalanced 11q23 anomalies']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies', 'chromosomal anomaly', 'cytogenetic abnormality']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal anomaly']


abstract: International comparison data suggest that wine may be more protective against @entity453 than beer or liquor. There are potentially protective antioxidants in wine, especially red wine. However, prospective population studies suggest that each beverage type may reduce coronary risk. The role of alcoholic beverage choice in coronary risk remains unresolved. We performed a prospective study of @entity301 hospitalizations among 128,934 adult members of a Northern California prepaid comprehensive health care program. @entity167 data were supplied at health examinations. Using Cox proportional-hazards models with 9 covariates, analyses were performed of the roles of each major beverage type (wine, beer, and liquor) and of drinking only table wine (red, white, or both). Generally, coronary risk traits were most favorable for wine drinkers and least favorable for liquor drinkers. Among 3,931 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity301 , total @entity167 drinking was inversely related to risk in both sexes. Uncontrolled for total @entity167 , each beverage type showed evidence for coronary protection, weakest for liquor and strongest for beer in @entity1 and wine in @entity1 . Controlled for total @entity167 , these relations were much reduced, and lost statistical significance except for beer in @entity1 and both red and white wine (combined) in all @entity1 . We conclude that (1) drinking @entity1068 apparently protects against @entity301 , and (2) there may be minor additional benefits associated with drinking both beer and wine, but not especially red wine.

title: Red wine, white wine, liquor, beer, and risk for XXXX hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: We describe the clinical and neurophysiologic findings in a group of @entity6 @entity1 with a severe @entity16 . All @entity1 attending a large inner-city @entity6 center were prospectively screening for hand @entity5653 and @entity425 due to @entity3165 . Twenty @entity6 @entity1 fulfilling the clinical criteria underwent nerve conduction studies and electromyography. All but one @entity1 with a motor @entity16 had @entity262 complications, mostly severe: ten were amputees, four had had a renal transplant, and two were blind. The onset of hand @entity425 was sudden in five. All @entity1 had a classical "ulnar hand" (bilateral in five) but forearm muscles were little affected. Sensory loss was prominent in only one-half. Nerve conduction studies showed markedly reduced ulnar motor responses (mean, 1.2 mV versus 7.4 mV in controls) and ulnar/median motor ratios. Motor conduction was disproportionately slowed across the elbows, with or without conduction block, in only eight of 34 affected ulnar nerves. Five of these @entity1 had a habit of leaning on their elbows and/or a Tinel's sign. Median sensory action potentials (SAPs) were recordable in 12 @entity1 but ulnar SAPs were absent in 30 of 34 affected nerves. Electromyography revealed advanced denervation of ulnar supplied hand muscles. We conclude that motor @entity16 is not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity6 of long standing, especially in those with severe @entity262 complications. Nerve entrapment at the elbows occurs in some, but in many the lesion is axonal, and damage may occur through @entity63 .

title: Observations on severe @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Replication factor C is required to load proliferating cell nuclear antigen onto primer-template junctions, using the energy of @entity855 hydrolysis. Four of the five RFC genes have consensus @entity855 -binding motifs. To determine the relative importance of these sites for proper DNA metabolism in the cell, the conserved @entity376 in the Walker A motif of @entity12854 , @entity12855 , @entity12856 , or @entity12857 was mutated to either @entity369 or @entity367 . @entity369 mutations in all RFC genes tested permitted cell growth, although poor growth was observed for @entity12855 - @entity53208 . A @entity367 substitution resulted in lethality in @entity12855 and @entity12856 but not in @entity12854 or @entity12857 . Most double mutants combining mutations in two RFC genes were inviable. Except for the @entity12854 - @entity53209 and @entity12857 - @entity53210 mutants, which were phenotypically similar to wild type in every assay, the mutants were sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. The @entity12855 - @entity53208 and @entity12857 - @entity22853 mutants show checkpoint defects, most likely in the intra-S phase checkpoint. Regulation of the damage-inducible @entity48437 promoter was impaired in these mutants, and phosphorylation of @entity16387 in response to DNA damage was specifically defective when cells were in S phase. No @entity154 in telomere length regulation were detected in the mutants. These data demonstrate that the @entity855 binding function of @entity12855 is important for both DNA replication and checkpoint function and, for the first time, that @entity12857 also plays a role in checkpoint regulation.

title: @entity855 utilization by yeast replication factor C. IV. RFC XXXX -binding mutants show defects in DNA replication, DNA repair, and checkpoint regulation.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic defects']

entities_list: @entity53208 :: ('p|SUB|K|71|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K71R']

entities_list: @entity53210 :: ('p|SUB|K|55|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K55E']

entities_list: @entity22853 :: ('p|SUB|K|55|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K55R']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) has proposed the @entity426 " ( @entity426 ) to designate a condition in @entity1 from high-risk groups with @entity85 who are highly likely to require nursing care at some point. This syndrome is caused by weakening of the musculoskeletal organs such as bone, joint, and muscle. The current study investigated factors that influence quality of life (QOL) loss caused by @entity426 , which builds upon our previous study showing that @entity426 affects individuals' QOL. METHODS: We enrolled 386 subjects >50 years old. Sex, age, body mass index and bone mineral density, plus physical function tests of grip strength, back muscle strength, maximum stride, 10-m gait time, functional reach (cm), timed up-and-go test (TUG) (s) and one-leg standing time (s), and the visual analogue scale assessments for leg @entity1183 and knee, @entity1643 were selected as independent variables in a multiple regression model for the JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores. RESULTS: @entity1643 contributed significantly to all JOABPEQ scores. Knee @entity158 and TUG contributed significantly to 4/5 and 3/5 of the JOABPEQ scores, respectively. Age, TUG, knee @entity158 contributed significantly to the RDQ and the physical component summary of the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: Low back and knee @entity158 proved to be significant contributors to individuals' QOL. TUG might be the most valuable function test for effectively evaluating an individual's QOL.

title: Impact of @entity1643 , knee @entity158 , and timed up-and-go test on quality of life in community-living XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back and leg pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain, and low back pain']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'term "locomotive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: In an outbreak of waterborne @entity7014 where 1300 subjects were diagnosed, with @entity461 , 139 continued to have @entity1109 of whom two of three had negative stool culture and microscopy. These were considered to have a postinfectious functional @entity344 . We investigated visceral @entity56 in @entity1 with persisting @entity1109 after @entity281 and assessed the effect of @entity750 (3)-antagonist @entity3974 . Twenty-two @entity1 with Giardia negative stools and 19 controls were included. A subset of @entity1 (n = 15) had both @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ). All subjects underwent a satiety test with a soup combined with three-dimensional ultrasound. Fifteen of 22 @entity1 underwent double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with the @entity750 (3) antagonist @entity3974 given orally. Drinking capacity was lower in @entity1 than in controls (P < 0.01) and @entity356 was reduced (P < 0.05). @entity1 had more symptoms both @entity4053 and postprandially (P < 0.001) compared to controls. @entity3974 had no effect on these parameters except from less @entity390 postprandially (P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity1 with Giardia-induced @entity344 developed both @entity1744 and @entity2210 . They exhibited @entity1819 with lower drinking capacity and delayed @entity356 . The @entity750 (3) antagonist @entity3974 did not improve drinking capacity, @entity356 or symptoms except @entity390 .

title: Increased visceral sensitivity in Giardia-induced postinfectious @entity1744 and @entity2210 . Effect of the 5HT3-antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder', 'gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate and correlates of ambulatory peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring in an epidemiologic study. DESIGN: An observational survey. SETTING: Several communities in California. @entity1 : We studied 1,223 nonsmoking @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age, 66 years) from an established cohort. OUTCOME MEASURES: A standard respiratory symptoms and diagnoses questionnaire, spirometry before and after bronchodilator, and a diary of PEF recorded four times per day for 7 days at home. RESULTS: A physician diagnosis of @entity565 was reported in 8.6% of the @entity1 and 9.4% of the @entity1 . Of those who agreed to complete PEF diaries at home, 87% successfully provided a valid measure of PEF lability. The mean PEF lability from those with @entity565 was significantly higher than the others (12.0% vs 8.9% in @entity1 and 10.2% vs 8.1% in @entity1 ). Independent correlates of higher PEF lability included @entity565 , wheezing symptoms, @entity1224 by spirometry, older age, and male gender. CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged and elderly @entity1 are largely successful at providing a measure of PEF lability at home. In nonsmoking adults living in California, increased PEF lability is correlated with @entity565 , wheezing, @entity1224 , and older age, validating its use in epidemiology studies as an index of airways hyperreactivity.

title: Peak flow lability: association with XXXX and spirometry in an older cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Extracellular @entity5166 causes synchronous, interictal-like bursting and prevents maintenance of long-term @entity308 (LTD) in the @entity1399 hippocampal region. We have investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying @entity5166 actions. Whole-cell recordings showed that brief (2 min) bath exposures to @entity5166 caused pyramidal cell hyperpolarization associated with decreased membrane conductance attributable to blockade of an inward h-type current. After prolonged (>2 min) exposures, a late depolarizing response was observed; this effect was not associated with changes in cell membrane conductance. Recordings from interneurons revealed that Ih is expressed in a subpopulation of cells and that @entity5166 effects on interneurons expressing Ih are comparable to those observed in pyramidal cells. Consistent with this effect, @entity5166 decreased the early component of the IPSP recorded in pyramidal cells. Interneurons lacking Ih were not affected by @entity5166 but developed a depolarizing response when drug applications were paired to orthodromic stimulation. We concluded that @entity5166 actions on LTD and @entity5166 -induced @entity302 were not attributable exclusively to its direct effects on neurons. Recordings from hippocampal slice astrocytes revealed that @entity5166 interfered with glial electrical responses during LTD induction. @entity5166 blocked glial inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels and increased the amplitude and duration of stimulation-evoked [K+]out increases. Thus, the effects of @entity5166 on @entity1399 synchronization and synaptic plasticity appear to be mediated predominantly by blockade of glial voltage-dependent @entity972 uptake.

title: Reduction of K+ uptake in glia prevents long-term @entity308 maintenance and causes XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5166 :: ('MESH:D002586', 'Chemical') :: ['cesium', 'Cesium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform activity']


abstract: AIMS: One important step in @entity5 invasion is the penetration of the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the migration of normal and malignant cells through the basement membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) immunoreactivity and currently used classification systems and possible relationships between @entity1600 and @entity1476 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective study analysed specimens obtained from 114 @entity356 @entity1 (mean age 64 years; range 33-86 years) who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. All specimens were categorized according to UICC classification, WHO classification, @entity5 differentiation, Laur  n classification, Ming classification and Goseki classification. @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 specimens were stained using an avidin- @entity1885 complex peroxidase assay. @entity1476 expression in the @entity5 epithelium was studied by immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative (score 0-3) evaluation. The @entity1476 staining pattern was positive (score 1-3) in 93 (81.6%) specimens and negative (score 0) in 21 (18.4%) samples. No significant correlations were found between @entity1476 expression and other variables such as age, @entity5 differentiation, WHO, Lauren, Goseki, and Ming classifications. In contrast, the intensity of @entity1476 staining in @entity5 cells correlated significantly with depth of @entity5 infiltration (T-stage), @entity1600 (N-stage), distant @entity3 (M-stage), and UICC stage. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of @entity1476 is strongly associated with @entity5 progression and @entity1600 in @entity356 . Therefore @entity1476 staining may be clinically useful as predictor of @entity5 progression, especially for @entity1600 .

title: Expression of XXXX is associated with progression and @entity1600 of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']


abstract: In order to study experimental @entity167 intake that leads to heightened @entity146 , we established @entity1068 self-administration in aggressive @entity35 . The focus was on low doses of self-administered @entity1068 and to assess their effects on @entity146 in resident @entity35 , using a limited access paradigm followed by a 5-min confrontation with an intruder. In the first phase of the experiment, @entity35 were established as "residents", and their consistent @entity146 in confrontations with an intruder was verified. In the second phase, these resident @entity35 were trained to self-administer @entity167 , using a @entity969 -fading technique. In the third phase, @entity167 self-administration was followed by intruder confrontations in order to study the effect of @entity167 on @entity146 . Confrontations after @entity1068 consumption leading to low (5-20 mg/dl) and moderate (20-50 mg/dl) blood @entity167 concentration (BAC) were compared to confrontations without @entity167 , each animal serving as its own control. On average, the group showed no change in @entity146 after low or moderate @entity1068 intake. However, six out of 16 individuals significantly increased the number of attack bites and the duration of @entity146 by up to 90% after @entity167 self-administration. When these @entity35 were assigned post-hoc to an @entity167 heightened @entity146 group, the group was characterized by a 40% increase in number of attack bites and a 90% increase in aggressive posture over control (BAC 0 mg/dl), whereas the @entity167 non-heightened @entity146 group showed no significant changes. These results extend previous observations of @entity146 in a subpopulation of animals after experimenter-administered @entity1068 in @entity19 , @entity35 and monkeys to self-administered @entity167 . Using this animal model, individuals showing enhanced or @entity146 after oral @entity167 self-administration can be characterized behaviorally, physiologically, and neurochemically.

title: @entity146 after @entity1068 self-administration in male resident XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['increased aggression', 'aggression', 'reduced aggression', 'aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Nodal staging in @entity0 is a key predictor of prognosis. This paper presents the results of potential clinicopathological predictors of axillary lymph node involvement and develops an efficient prediction model to assist in predicting @entity1600 . Seventy @entity1 with primary early @entity0 who underwent axillary dissection were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association between clinicopathological factors and lymph node metastatic status. A logistic regression predictive model was built from 50 randomly selected @entity1 ; the model was also applied to the remaining 20 @entity1 to assess its validity. Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between lymph node involvement and absence of @entity18962 (p = 0.010) and @entity33913 (p = 0.001) expression. Absence of @entity33913 remained significantly associated with positive axillary node status in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.018). Seven clinicopathological factors were involved in the multivariate logistic regression model: menopausal status, @entity5 size, ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity18962 and @entity33913 . The model was accurate and discriminating, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.702 when applied to the validation group. Moreover, there is a need discover more specific candidate proteins and molecular biology tools to select more variables which should improve predictive accuracy.

title: A logistic regression model for predicting XXXX in early @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node metastases']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['axillary lymph node metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) of @entity1205 , @entity416 , and @entity3003 for first-line treatment of @entity1 with metastatic esophageal and @entity356 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated over 5 dose levels in a 21-day cycle. @entity1 received @entity3003 (AUC = 2) on days 1 and 8, @entity1205 (35-40 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, and @entity416 (500-2000 mg/m2) on days 1 to 10. RESULTS: There were no DLTs in the first cycle of treatment. Dose reductions were required in 10 of 15 @entity1 at the final dose level due to @entity1398 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , @entity2700 , and hand/foot syndrome following a median of 3 cycles of treatment. Therefore, escalation beyond dose level 5 was not attempted. The MTD was @entity1205 , 40 mg/m2 days 1 and 8; @entity3003 , AUC = 2 days 1 and 8; and @entity416 , 1500 to 2000 mg/m2 days 1 to 10 in a 21-day cycle. Ten of 25 @entity1 who could be evaluated (40%) responded and 8 of 14 @entity1 treated at the final dose level responded (57%). CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative gastrointestinal @entity137 and @entity1398 were the DLTs of @entity1205 , @entity416 , and @entity3003 . This combination represents an easily administered, active regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity356 . Further evaluation of this regimen is indicated.

title: Phase I study of @entity1205 , @entity416 , and XXXX in metastatic esophagogastric cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers', 'gastric and esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Biomarkers of oxidative stress and @entity32 predict cardiovascular events in maintenance hemodialysis @entity1 . @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce cardiovascular mortality in the general population, but their benefit in maintenance hemodialysis @entity1 is not fully explored. To test whether @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs differentially affect markers of oxidative stress, @entity32 , and fibrinolysis during hemodialysis, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3*3 crossover study. We randomly assigned 15 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis to placebo, @entity3372 (5 mg/d), and @entity917 (160 mg/d) for 7 days, with a washout period of 3 weeks in between the treatments. On the morning of the seventh day of drug treatment, @entity1 underwent serial blood sampling during hemodialysis. Neither @entity3372 nor @entity917 affected BP during hemodialysis. @entity3372 increased @entity1356 concentrations (P=0.02) and decreased @entity688 concentrations (P=0.04) compared with placebo. @entity917 and @entity3372 both lowered @entity650 levels during dialysis (P<0.01 for each compared with placebo). @entity917 increased F(2)- @entity10329 levels, and @entity3372 suggested a similar trend (P=0.09). @entity917 and @entity3372 both lowered D-dimer levels (P<0.01 for both), whereas only @entity3372 seemed to prevent a rise in @entity2881 levels (P=0.04). In summary, during hemodialysis, @entity917 induces a greater anti-inflammatory effect compared with @entity3372 , although @entity3372 seems to prevent dialysis-induced @entity409 as measured by levels of @entity2881 . A prospective clinical trial is necessary to determine whether @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs also differ with respect to their effects on cardiovascular mortality in this population.

title: Comparative effects of @entity1289 inhibition and angiotensin-receptor blockade on XXXX during hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Piper sarmentosum, locally known as kaduk is belonging to the family of Piperaceae. It is our interest to evaluate their effect on @entity1 @entity157 cell line (HepG2) for the potential of anticarcinogenic activity. RESULTS: The anticarcinogenic activity of an ethanolic extract from Piper sarmentosum in HepG2 and non-malignant Chang's liver cell lines has been previously determined using ( @entity2454 ) ( @entity98 ) assays, where the IC50 value was used as a parameter for @entity137 . The ethanolic extract that showed anticarcinogenic properties in HepG2 cells had an IC50 of 12.5 mug @entity19264 , while IC50 values in the non-malignant Chang's liver cell line were greater than 30 mug @entity19264 . Apoptotic morphological changes in HepG2 cells were observed using an inverted microscope and showed chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies following May-Grunwald-Giemsa's staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells in the overall population (apoptotic index) showed a continuously significant increase (p < 0.05) in 12.5 mug @entity19264 ethanolic extract-treated cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours compared to controls (untreated cells). Following @entity8574 orange and @entity5611 staining, treatment with 10, 12 and 14 mug @entity19264 of ethanolic extracts caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HepG2 cells. Molecular analysis of DNA fragmentation was used to examine intrinsic apoptosis induced by the ethanolic extracts. These results showed a typical intrinsic apoptotic characterisation, which included fragmentation of nuclear DNA in ethanolic extract-treated HepG2 cells. However, the non-malignant Chang's liver cell line produced no DNA fragmentation. In addition, the DNA genome was similarly intact for both the untreated non-malignant Chang's liver and HepG2 cell lines. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our results suggest that the ethanolic extract from P. sarmentosum induced anticarcinogenic activity through an intrinsic apoptosis pathway in HepG2 cells in vitro.

title: Intrinsic anticarcinogenic effects of Piper sarmentosum ethanolic extract on a XXXX @entity157 cell line.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cell substrate adhesion is a prerequisite for invasion and the subsequent formation of @entity3 . Therefore, we designed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against epitopes on the extracellular cell membrane domain of SK-BR-3 cells. One of the antibodies, called MAb 14C5, binds to an extracellular epitope of a plasma membrane antigen of SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. This MAb 14C5 is able to inhibit cell substrate adhesion, not only on culture-treated plastic but also on host tissue, and therefore prevents invasion and @entity3 . We evaluated the tissue distribution of the 14C5 antigen by immunohistochemistry. The antigen is specifically overexpressed in 64% of invasive @entity420 of the breast (n = 33), in all investigated cases of invasive @entity957 (n = 7) and in 40% of basocellular @entity189 of the skin (n = 5). The 14C5 molecule is located on the cell membrane of the @entity189 cells. However, when the @entity5 is characterized by a highly invasive phenotype, 65% of the cases also show an extensive stromal expression on the fibroblasts between the @entity5 cells (n = 71). This stromal expression is caused by the presence of the 14C5 antigen on the membrane of the adjacent fibroblasts. In normal tissues as well as in the stroma surrounding in situ @entity189 of the breast (n = 15), no expression of the 14C5 antigen occurred. A 90-kDa protein was purified from lysates of @entity1 @entity0 cells using a 14C5 MAb Sepharose column and is considered as the antigen recognized by the MAb 14C5.

title: Generation of a monoclonal antibody directed against a XXXX cell substrate adhesion molecule and the expression of the antigen in @entity1 tissues.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the development of resistance during 8 weeks of salvage therapy with @entity22208 and @entity5198 in combination with other reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). METHODS: Samples obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy from 16 heavily pretreated @entity1 were analysed for genotypic and phenotypic resistance. Genotypic resistance was analysed in cell-associated DNA and plasma @entity645 -RNA using direct sequencing. Phenotypic resistance was analysed in a PBMC-based assay and in a recombinant virus assay. Plasma viral load was measured at baseline and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 was genotypically and phenotypically resistant to @entity16332 , @entity22208 , @entity9611 and PIs, whereas 50% of the @entity1 showed resistance to @entity5198 at baseline in at least one of the methods used. After 8 weeks of salvage therapy, no additional development of resistance against @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and PIs could be detected. However, the amount of @entity1 resistant to @entity5198 increased to 83%. When the @entity1 were divided into two groups according to baseline resistance against @entity5198 , a significantly higher transient reduction in viral load was observed in @entity1 with @entity5198 -sensitive @entity645 at baseline compared to @entity1 with resistant @entity645 at baseline. CONCLUSION: The transient effect of salvage therapy including @entity22208 and @entity5198 was due to the effect of @entity5198 . The lack of effect of @entity22208 was most likely due to cross-resistance between @entity22208 and @entity16332 / @entity9611 used in previous treatment.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic XXXX resistance correlates with virological failure during salvage therapy including @entity22208 and @entity5198 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity5198 :: (MESH:D019829,Chemical) :: ['nevirapine']


abstract: Eighty-eight bipolar Bateman hip endoprostheses for medial @entity2249 were implanted. The average age of the @entity1 was 75 years. Intrahospital results proved the morbidity and mortality rates to be well within acceptable limits. Thirty @entity1 were followed during periods of 12-74 months (median, 33 months). According to Charnley evaluation, mobility was excellent and very good in 20 @entity1 (86%). Good function was present in 63% of @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 belonged to category C as defined by Charnley. Mild @entity158 was present in 19 @entity1 (63%); in only two cases, involving severe @entity309 , @entity158 was clearly related to sinkage. Radiographically, no visible protrusion or socket wear was present. Periarticular ossification occurred in 19 @entity1 , but this did not impair function.

title: Experience with bipolar prosthesis in XXXX in the elderly and debilitated.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate MRI features of @entity43 and fibrothecoma with histopathologic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, preoperative MRI examinations of 35 @entity1 (mean age, 49 years; range, 24-86 years) with pathologically proven @entity43 (n = 25) or fibrothecoma (n = 10) were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. MRI features, including visibility of ovaries, presence of capsule, degeneration, T1 and T2 signal, and enhancement pattern, were recorded and correlated with histopathologic features. After administration of @entity7241 , the maximum percentages of enhancement of @entity81 or fibrothecoma, myometrium, and, if present, uterine fibroids (11/35 @entity1 ) were compared. RESULTS: All @entity81 and fibrothecomas appeared well defined, with a mean size of 6.36   4.81 cm. Ipsilateral and contralateral ovaries were each seen in 89% (31/35) of @entity1 . Most @entity81 and fibrothecomas were isointense to hypointense compared with myometrium on T1-weighted (91% [32/35]) and T2-weighted (77% [27/35]) images. Capsule was noted in 63% (22/35) and degenerative changes were noted in 66% (23/35) of @entity1 . @entity81 and fibrothecomas larger than 6 cm more likely showed capsule (p < 0.0001, Fisher exact probability test), degenerative changes (p = 0.003), peripheral subcapsular cystic areas (p < 0.0001), heterogeneous T2 signal (p = 0.001), and heterogeneous enhancement (p = 0.005). At least four of the above five characteristics were present in 93% (14/15) of @entity81 and fibrothecomas larger than 6 cm (p < 0.0001). The maximum percentage of enhancement for @entity81 and fibrothecomas (63%) was significantly lower than those for myometrium (131%; p < 0.0001) and fibroids (103%; p < 0.0001), without a statistically significant difference between the maximum percentage enhancement of myometrium and fibroids. A maximum percentage of enhancement less than 75% yielded 92% positive predictive value in differentiating @entity81 and fibrothecomas from fibroids. Fibrothecomas had a higher maximum percentage of enhancement than did @entity81 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI features of @entity43 and fibrothecomas depend on size, with capsule and degenerative changes common with @entity81 and fibrothecomas larger than 6 cm. @entity81 and fibrothecomas enhance less than myometrium and fibroids do, and less than 75% maximum percentage enhancement can help in differentiating @entity81 and fibrothecomas from fibroids.

title: MRI features of XXXX and fibrothecoma with histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian fibroma', 'ovarian fibromas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas', 'fibroma', 'Fibromas']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian fibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of withdrawing diuretic drugs on @entity4 in @entity1 prescribed them for only ankle @entity4 , excluding @entity1 with @entity177 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 15 general practices in the Netherlands. @entity1 : 1202 @entity1 aged 65 years or older and taking diuretic drugs, 63 of whom were eligible for the trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in volumetrically determined ankle @entity4 ( @entity4 index) over six weeks. RESULTS: 34 @entity1 were randomised to stop diuretics and 29 to the control group. In eight @entity1 diuretics had to be restarted. Among @entity1 who had diuretics withdrawn successfully, rebound @entity4 caused a temporary increase in mean @entity4 index. The peak level (3.5% (95% confidence interval 1.5% to 5.2%) was reached in the third week, after which the @entity4 seemed to be returning to the baseline level. CONCLUSION: Few @entity1 who have been prescribed diuretics for only ankle @entity4 clearly have no contraindications to withdrawing diuretics. If @entity1 are unlikely to have @entity299 and careful monitoring is provided, withdrawal of diuretics seems to be feasible, though moderate rebound @entity4 may occur for a short time.

title: Short term effect of withdrawal of diuretic drugs prescribed for ankle XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, hepatic, or renal failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['oedema']


abstract: A 52-year-old @entity1 presented with a @entity1755 after bicycle trauma. He was treated with a vascular prosthesis. His postoperative recovery was complicated by @entity810 with @entity1696 for which he was commenced on dialysis. His main persistent symptoms were severe @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity391 as well as massive @entity843 . Despite several attempts of a diagnostic and therapeutic ascitic tap, we were initially unable to make a diagnosis. Following each attempted paracentesis, symptoms initially improved. Ascites did reaccumulate, however, and we had to continue with his dialysis. Measurement of @entity1011 in the ascitic fluid was the key to the correct diagnosis. The ascitic fluid @entity1011 was nearly 3 times higher than the serum @entity1011 . The consequent MRI scan of the abdomen with excretion urogram demonstrated a leakage of the left ureter at the junction of the proximal and the middle third of the ureter with contrast leaking into the surrounding fluid.

title: [52-year-old @entity1 with painful XXXX following fall from a bicycle].

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3378 plus @entity229 is more effective than @entity3378 alone in treating active @entity30 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter trial in one university hospital and nine general hospitals. @entity1 : @entity1 with active @entity30 and a Van Hees Activity Index of 140 or more. Of 71 @entity1 who were randomly assigned, 60 completed treatment and were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: For 16 weeks, 30 @entity1 received @entity3378 , 6 g/d (or 4 g/d if adverse effects occurred) and @entity229 , 30 mg/d initially. @entity229 therapy was tapered in increments of 5 mg/2 wk to 10 mg/d after 8 weeks. Thirty other @entity1 received @entity3378 and a placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In the first 6 weeks of treatment, the Van Hees Activity Index decreased to a median of 70% (interquartile range, 57% to 81%) of the initial value in @entity1 treated with @entity3378 and @entity229 and to a median of 87% (interquartile range, 70% to 94%) in @entity1 treated with @entity3378 alone (P = 0.001). In the last 4 weeks of treatment, the corresponding figures were 63% (interquartile range, 40% to 75%) and 70% (interquartile range, 54% to 90%) (P = 0.10). The @entity30 Activity Index decreased in the first 6 weeks to a median of 65% (interquartile range, 57% to 86%) in @entity1 receiving @entity3378 and @entity229 and to a median of 75% (interquartile range, 58% to 101%) in @entity1 receiving @entity3378 alone (P = 0.13). In the last 4 weeks of treatment, the corresponding figures were 65% (interquartile range, 42% to 90%) and 76% (interquartile range, 49% to 110%) (P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity229 in addition to @entity3378 in @entity1 with active @entity30 results in a significantly faster initial improvement, but not in a significantly better result after 16 weeks of treatment, when disease activity is measured by the Van Hees Activity Index.

title: XXXX and @entity229 compared with @entity3378 for treating active @entity30 . A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", 'Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['Sulphasalazine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial ability against Entrococcus ( @entity797 of triple antibiotic paste and its components compared with @entity6086 mixtures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An agar well diffusion assay and MIC method were used to determine the efficacy of the experimental medicaments in removing @entity797 . Medicaments were divided into 9 groups; triple antibiotic powder with saline or @entity1216 , @entity868 , @entity2177 , @entity1214 antibiotics were also separately tested (with normal saline), and @entity15383 (plus normal saline or 2% @entity1216 ). These medicaments were evaluated at four concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200  gram per mL in an agar well diffusion test. The diameters of the growth inhibition zones for each group were recorded and compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tested medicaments that are required to kill @entity797 were also determined. The differences between groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The largest inhibition zones were observed for the triple antibiotic mixture/saline, triple antibiotic mixture/2% @entity1216 and @entity1214 /saline, and the smallest for @entity15383 /saline, @entity15383 /2% @entity1216 . Concentration increases produced greater antibacterial effects in all groups. The MIC determination method showed similar results. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the triple antibiotic paste with either 2% @entity1216 or normal saline would be the preferred medicament against @entity797 and, among its three components, @entity1214 has the greatest antibacterial effect.

title: A Comparison between the Antimicrobial Effects of Triple Antibiotic Paste and XXXX Against Entrococcus Faecalis.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['E. faecalis', 'E.) faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Hydroxide']


abstract: Therapeutic efficacy of some molecules, predicted by scientific studies, is not systematically confirmed when the substance is used in general practice. In @entity170 , certain studies show an efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) @entity5279 similar to oral @entity561 . These results could be a valuable alternative for non compliant @entity1 or those suffering from digestive problems. For this reason we have studied the efficacy of i.v. @entity5279 in @entity3604 @entity1 , not available to oral @entity561 . This is a retrospective study of 20 unselected @entity3604 @entity1 from our general practice. Each @entity1 had a @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of less than -2.5 DS for the T-score, measured by a dual energy X-ray (DXA) densitometer at the lumbar spine and the hip. Thirty milligrams of @entity5279 were administered intravenously every three months. Each @entity1 was controlled by a DXA after eighteen months minimum. Thirteen @entity1 had increased on average their @entity79 by 6.2% in the lumbar spine and by 4.7% in the hip. All @entity1 responded at least at one site, but seven @entity1 did not improve their @entity79 at both sites. We have confirmed that intermittent i.v. @entity5279 given in common practice increases @entity79 in the lumbar spine and the hip in 2/3 of the @entity1 . The increase in bone mass in the hip is similar to that published in the scientific literature, but less for the lumbar spine.

title: [Efficacy of intravenous @entity5279 in XXXX , mineralometric evaluation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: AIMS: Extra- @entity774 are @entity5 which have been the subject of much debate regarding parameters to establish their biological behaviour. This study describes the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 30 cases of @entity4681 . METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 15 male and 15 female @entity1 . The median age at diagnosis was 46 years (range 20-74 years). Fourteen @entity1 presented with back @entity158 , two with numbness of the lower extremities, one with difficulty in walking and one with @entity1745 . Nineteen @entity5 were located in the lumbar region, six in the cauda equina, two in the filum terminale, two in the thoracic region and one in the cervical region. All @entity1 underwent gross total excision. The size of the @entity5 ranged from 10 to 50 mm. Histologically, 18 @entity5 showed alveolar (Zellballen) pattern, seven a spindle component, two eosinophilic granular cells suggestive of oncocytic metaplasia, two melanin pigment and one ganglion cells. Positive immunohistochemical results include: neuron-specific enolase 23/23 (100%), @entity5473 21/23 (91%), S100 protein 22/23 (95%, sustentacular cells), leu-enkephalin 11/23 (47%), @entity1943 8/23 (34%), focal glial fibrillary acidic protein 7/23 (30%), focal keratin 5/23 (21%), neurofilament proteins 3/23 (13%) and adrenocorticotrophic hormine (ACTH) 1/23 (4%). Follow-up information obtained in 20 @entity1 show 17 @entity1 alive over a period of 6-216 months. One @entity1 had bone metastases. Two @entity1 died of unrelated causes, including one of @entity712 and one of @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, @entity1823 behave as @entity5 susceptible to potential cure by total excision. We agree with the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification as grade I @entity5 . Less than 1% may be @entity146 . @entity1823 immunoreact not only for conventional neuroendocrine markers but also for peptides including @entity1943 and ACTH and focally for the epithelial marker keratin.

title: Primary XXXX : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['locally aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['slow-growing tumours', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal paragliomas']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['spinal paragangliomas', 'Spinal paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal paragliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['spinal paragangliomas']


abstract: We report our intermediate-term follow-up results of de novo stenting of descending thoracic aorta in @entity12040 . Six @entity1 (5 males and 1 female) underwent aortoplasty and stenting (8 Wallstents were deployed in 6 @entity1 ). Aortoplasty was performed with conventional balloons in 5 @entity1 and with an Inoue balloon in 1 @entity1 . The mean diameter of the aorta increased from 5.36 +/- 0.62 mm to 13.91 +/- 1.8 mm after stenting while the peak systolic gradient was totally abolished in all cases. These results were significantly better than aortoplasty alone (p < 0.0001). Lower @entity4218 improved in all @entity1 . @entity101 was cured in 3 @entity1 and improved in 3 @entity1 . All @entity1 were asymptomatic over 6Eth 30 months (mean, 22.8 +/- 4.0 months) follow-up. All @entity1 underwent angiographic follow-up after 6 months. They continued to have an absence of gradient with excellent flow across the stents. A minimal intimal reaction was observed at the stent margins. On follow-up angiogram at 6 months, one of the @entity1 was noted to have developed a small asymptomatic @entity2849 at the lower margin of the stent, which gradually increased in size over the next year and was treated by percutaneous endovascular deployment of a Wallstent graft. Our series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of stent deployment in stenotic lesions of the aorta in @entity12040 and proves that the results are superior to @entity661 . This is also the only study that demonstrates intermediate-term success by angiographic follow-up at 6 months.

title: De novo stenting of descending thoracic aorta in XXXX : intermediate-term follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb claudication']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['plain balloon aortoplasty alone']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative importance of @entity101 in the progression of @entity177 is well understood. Recently, several studies have provided evidence that antihypertensive therapy enhances renal survival. However, the specific antihypertensive drug regimens that are most effective in generating such long-term effects remain controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine @entity101 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 (39 +/- 7 years old, serum @entity1011 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) with @entity644 received antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi: 2.5-10 mg of @entity2815 daily) and @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs: 2.5-10 mg @entity3591 daily) for 3 years. The @entity1 ' blood pressures in group one were controlled below 140/85 mmHg by increases in their first drug dose or by addition of the second drug in group 1. Blood pressures for @entity1 in group 2 were controlled using the same two options, except to levels below 130/70 mmHg. @entity1 within the two groups were selected and controlled with regard to sex, age, and serum @entity1011 . The renal protective effects of each protocol were evaluated in terms of reductions in @entity1011 clearance. After 3 years of the above outlined blood pressure control regimens, the reductions in @entity1011 clearance were compared. RESULTS: @entity1011 clearances decreased in group 1 @entity1 (from 85.7 +/- 2.4 ml/min to 72.9 +/- 2.4 ml/min, p < 0.05). On the other hand, @entity1011 clearance remained essentially unchanged for @entity1 in group 2 (from 87.2 +/-4.7 ml/min to 85.9 +/- 5.9 ml/min). Although @entity1011 clearance in both groups was almost the same at the start of study, there was a significant difference between them by the conclusion of the study (p < 0.05). @entity644 and @entity811 did not change significantly throughout the study and there were no significant differences in these respects between these two corresponding groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with reference to side-effects or complications. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that reducing blood pressure has protective renal effects in cases of mild @entity177 with @entity101 in @entity8 .

title: Blood pressure reduction associated with preservation of renal function in XXXX @entity1 with @entity8 : a 3-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'IgAN']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazapril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tocilizumab has demonstrated efficacy in managing @entity309 ( @entity309 ) from week 2 onward. This sub-study assessed effects of tocilizumab plus disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during the first week of therapy. METHODS: Rapid Onset and Systemic Efficacy was a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Adults with moderate to severe active @entity309 taking DMARDs received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg (or placebo) plus DMARDs every 4 weeks. Data were analysed from the first 62 @entity1 at designated study sites who agreed to clinical evaluation and blood sampling at days 3 and 7 and had C-reactive protein levels >= 1 mg/dl. Outcomes included American College of Rheumatology core data set measures, disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28) and routine assessment of @entity1 index data 3 (RAPID3) scores. RESULTS: Baseline evaluations were similar between groups (tocilizumab, n=40; placebo, n=22). @entity1 global assessments of disease activity and @entity158 improved significantly in favour of tocilizumab (mean change from baseline to day 7: -16.2 [tocilizumab], 0.8 [placebo] [p=0.005] and -12.2 [tocilizumab], 1.4 [placebo] [p=0.01], respectively). Physician global assessment of disease activity also improved more with tocilizumab (-15.4 [tocilizumab], -5.6 [placebo] [p=0.05]). Changes from baseline in tender/swollen joint counts, physical function and RAPID3 scores were not significantly different between groups. DAS28 significantly improved with tocilizumab versus placebo at day 7 (-1.16 [tocilizumab], -0.27 [placebo] [p=0.007]). CONCLUSIONS: Tocilizumab showed significant improvement in @entity1 -reported disease activity, @entity158 and DAS28 score as early as day 7 after first infusion, earlier than physician-reported measures, which may take longer to manifest.

title: Early effects of tocilizumab in the treatment of moderate to severe active XXXX : a one-week sub-study of a randomised controlled trial (Rapid Onset and Systemic Efficacy [ROSE] Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is increasingly detected as a nonpalpable lesion on mammographic screening performed for the early detection of @entity0 . Because of the growing incidence of mammographically detected @entity3821 , the present study was undertaken to determine the outcome of treatment of nonpalpable, mammographically detected @entity0 using breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis was performed of 110 @entity1 who presented with unilateral, nonpalpable, mammographically detected @entity0 and who were treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation at 10 institutions in Europe and the United States. In all @entity1 , complete gross excision of the @entity5 was performed, and breast irradiation was delivered with definitive intent. When performed, pathologic axillary lymph node staging was node negative (n=29). The median follow-up time was 9.3 years. RESULTS: The 10-year actuarial overall survival rate was 93%, and the 10-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate was 96%. The 10-year actuarial rate of freedom from distant metastases was 96%. There were 15 local recurrences in the treated breast. The actuarial rate of local failure was 7% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years. The histology of the local recurrence was @entity3821 in 9 cases and @entity513 (with or without associated @entity3821 ) in 6 cases. The median time to local recurrence was 5.0 years (mean, 5.4; range, 2.1-15.2). With a median follow-up time of 4.4 years after salvage treatment, 14 of the 15 @entity1 with local recurrence were alive without evidence of disease at the time of last follow-up examination. The crude incidence of local recurrence was 7% (3/42) when the final pathology margin of @entity5 excision was negative, 29% (5/17) when the margin was close or positive, and 14% (7/51) when the margin was unknown. There was no difference in the rate of local recurrence based on pathologic characteristics of the @entity5 . DISCUSSION: Results from the present study demonstrate high rates of overall survival, cause-specific survival, and freedom from distant metastases at 10 years following the treatment of nonpalpable, mammographically detected @entity3821 of the breast using breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation. Local recurrences within the treated breast were detected early and were treated with salvage for cure. These results support the initial treatment of nonpalpable, mammographically detected @entity3821 of the breast using breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation. Improvements in @entity1 selection have the potential to reduce the risk of local recurrence.

title: Mammographically detected, clinically occult XXXX in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma', 'Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma']


abstract: Factors affecting outcome after resection of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in @entity1 from Western countries are not clearly defined. Different clinicopathological factors, including DNA ploidy and expression of @entity876 and CD44H proteins were evaluated retrospectively in 113 @entity1 undergoing curative resection; 11 clinical and 12 pathological factors were studied. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis of outcome predictors for 103 @entity157 was assessed by Cox regression. By univariate analysis, survival was significantly better in @entity1 with a high serum albumin level >4.0 g/dl, a normal serum @entity160 level and an absence of microscopic vascular invasion by the @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, only high serum albumin level and absence of vascular invasion were found to be independent favorable predictive factors. CD44H expression was significantly correlated with vascular involvement. However, @entity1759 H and @entity876 expression did not affect survival. The DNA ploidy pattern showed a bimodal distribution, but did not influence the survival rate. This study suggests that pre-operative level of albumin and microscopic vascular invasion can predict long-term survival in @entity1 who have undergone curative resection for @entity157 . By contrast, the DNA-ploidy pattern and the immunohistochemical detection of @entity876 and CD44H expression are not predictors of outcome of @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Prognostic influence of clinicopathologic features, DNA-ploidy, @entity1759 H and XXXX expression in a large series of resected @entity157 in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity2432 oocysts were examined to ascertain excystation requirements and the effects of gamma irradiation. Oocysts and excysted sporozoites were examined for dye permeability and infectivity. Maximum excystation occurred when oocysts were pretreated with acid and incubated with @entity3645 , and @entity972 or @entity4388 . Pretreatment with Hanks' balanced salt solution or @entity1219 lowered excystation; however, this effect was overcome with acid. @entity1372 ions were replaceable with @entity972 ions, and @entity4388 was replaceable with @entity10457 . Oocysts that received 200 krad irradiation excysted at the same rates as nonirradiated oocysts (95%), the excystation rates were lowered (50%) by 2,000 krad, and no excystation was observed by 5,000 krad. No differences were observed between the @entity2667 (PI) permeability of untreated oocysts and oocysts treated with 200 krad, while 92% of oocysts were PI positive after 2,000 krad. Most of the sporozoites exposed to 2,000 krad were not viable as indicated by the dye permeability assay. The oocysts irradiated with 200 and 2,000 krad infected cells, but no replication was observed. The results suggest that gamma-irradiated oocysts may still be capable of excystation and apparent infection; however, because the sporozoites could not reproduce they must not have been viable.

title: Chemical and physical factors affecting the excystation of XXXX oocysts.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity2432 :: (5807,Species) :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']