abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive potency of impaired endothelium-dependent @entity450 ( @entity450 ) in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity712 is associated with reduced @entity450 ; the prognostic impact of this observation is unknown. METHODS: Seventy-five ambulatory @entity712 @entity1 (United Network of Organ Sharing [UNOS] status 2) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =30%, despite optimized medical therapy (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, 100%; beta-blocker, 81%), were evaluated. Using high-resolution ultrasound, @entity450 of the brachial artery was assessed in addition to other neurohormonal, clinical, and hemodynamic variables. Age, gender, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, LVEF, hemodynamic variables, @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels, medical therapy, cardiovascular risk factors, and @entity450 were analyzed for prediction of the combined end point conversion to UNOS status 1 or @entity204 in a multivariate Cox model. RESULTS: Up to three years, 21 @entity1 (28%) converted to UNOS status 1, and 6 @entity1 (8%) died. Univariate risk factors for the combined end point were log @entity3876 (p = 0.0032), @entity450 (p = 0.0033), NYHA functional class (p = 0.0132), beta-blocker therapy (p = 0.0367), and mean blood pressure (p = 0.0406). In the multivariate analysis, only @entity450 (p = 0.0007), log @entity3876 (p = 0.0032), and mean blood pressure (p = 0.0475) were independently related to the combined end point. In the Kaplan-Meier plot, significantly more @entity1 with @entity450 <6.8% (median) reached the combined end point, as compared with @entity1 with @entity450 >6.8% (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity712 , @entity73 is a strong, independent predictor of conversion to UNOS status 1 or @entity204 .

title: Flow-mediated vasodilation predicts outcome in XXXX with @entity712 : comparison with @entity3876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired FMD']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) is an important consequence of @entity1374 . Evoked potentials like visual evoked potentials (VEP) provide a reliable and objective measure of function in related sensory system and tracts. In this study pattern-shift VEP (PVEP) recordings were performed on 48 newly diagnosed @entity1375 @entity1 . Twenty-four had sub-clinical and 24 had @entity1375 . None of the @entity1 had clinical symptoms or signs referable to @entity6220 . Their mean age was 44+/-12 yr. The response to pattern stimulation on the normal control subjects was a triphasic response with a prominent positive wave (P100) with a peak latency of 84-105 (mean: 96+/-4) milliseconds (ms). In @entity1 with @entity1375 mean P100 latency was (mean: 97+/-6) ms and the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. (p>0.05) Delays above the average latency +/-2.5 SD of the mean of the control subjects was defined as a criteria for an abnormality. According to defined criteria 6 (12.5%) @entity1 demonstrated abnormal PVEP at least on one tested side. Previous studies conducted on small @entity1 populations stated there is high percentage of @entity227 in @entity1375 @entity1 . However, this fact was not confirmed by our study. We believe abnormalities of PVEP will be more prominent in untreated @entity1 in the advanced stage of the disease, or in @entity1 who have a neurological involvement; such as apathy, @entity73 . Consecutive studies, in a more clearly defined and selected @entity1 population, are needed to confirm and settle this issue.

title: Pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) evaluation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['overt hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VEP abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory or cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: @entity857 - @entity413 pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in higher plants. We report here the molecular cloning of two cDNAs encoding so far uncharacterized isoforms ( @entity62416 and @entity62417 ) of the @entity415 enzyme. Sequence analysis shows that the two polypeptides are more homologous to previously identified large subunit polypeptides from @entity415 and other plant species than to small subunit isoforms. This observation suggest that @entity62416 and @entity62417 represent novel large subunit polypeptides. @entity62416 is expressed in several tissues of the @entity415 plant, including leaves and tubers. Expression was stronger in sink leaves than in source leaves, indicating developmental regulation. In leaves, @entity62416 expression was induced 2- to 3-fold by exogenous @entity969 ; therefore, @entity62416 represents a new @entity969 -responsive gene of starch metabolism. Expression of @entity62417 was restricted to tubers: no @entity62417 expression could be seen in leaves of different developmental stages, or when leaves were incubated in @entity969 . Therefore, @entity62417 represents the only AGPase gene so far characterized from @entity415 , which is not expressed in leaves. Conversely, all four AGPase isoforms known from @entity415 are expressed in tubers.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of novel isoforms of @entity415 @entity857 - XXXX pyrophosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity84 account for <2% of all @entity3478 . The calcaneus is the fifth most common location of occurrence. Males in their second decade of life are most often affected, presenting with an insidious onset of @entity158 , @entity4 , and tenderness. The finding of associated pathologic @entity174 has been rare. Imaging studies can aid in the formulation of the differential diagnosis and surgical plan. The definitive diagnosis requires histologic examination. Curettage and bone grafting is curative in >80% of cases. Local recurrence rates of  <=38% have been reported, most often because of inadequate resection, and have been associated with malignant conversion and @entity3 . Adjuvant therapies can help minimize the incidence of local recurrence. Long-term follow-up examinations are recommended, given the protracted interval that can exist between recurrence and the potential for malignant conversion and @entity3 . We present the case of a young, healthy, active male with a calcaneal @entity84 and associated pathologic @entity174 whose initial treatment consisted of curettage, @entity273 lavage, and allogeneic bone grafting. Recurrence developed at 15  months postoperatively and was treated with repeat curettage, high-speed burring, and reconstruction with steel Steinman pins and @entity4625 , resulting in no @entity158 or recurrence at the 5-month follow-up point.

title: @entity84 with XXXX and Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['Chondroblastomas', 'chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pathologic Fracture']


abstract: The effect of body weight on P digestibility and on efficacy of supplemental @entity11150 phytase was studied in two experiments with young growing @entity1707 . Excreta were collected quantitatively. All diets contained 2.0 g digestible P per kg dry matter at a maximum and renal P excretion never exceeded 15 mg/d. When dietary P mainly originated from @entity58273 , both P digestibility and Ca net absorption linearly increased by 3.6 and 5.6 percentage units, respectively, when BW increased from 15 to 35 kg. With a similar range in BW, P digestibility and Ca net absorption were unaffected by BW when P mainly originated from @entity2829 , @entity2247 and @entity1460 meal. In both types of diet, crude protein digestibility increased with increasing body weight, whereas organic matter digestibility was effected by BW only in the diet containing @entity2829 , @entity2247 and @entity1460 meal. Phytase (400 U/kg) almost doubled P digestibility when supplemented to a diet with P mainly originating from @entity2829 , @entity1460 meal and @entity2247 . This effect of phytase supplementation was equal in @entity1707 at 15.7 kg BW (33 vs. 55%) and at 39.1 kg BW (32 vs. 56%). Digestibility of any organic fraction was unaffected by supplemental phytase. With regard to on-farm conditions, it appears eligible from this results to apply digestibility coefficients for P determined in growing-finishing @entity1707 for piglets as well.

title: Effect of body weight on phosphorus digestibility and efficacy of a microbial phytase in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity58273 :: ('MESH:C485838', 'Chemical') :: ['monocalcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: A retrospective study of the treatment and short- and long-term outcomes of @entity17289 ( @entity17289 ) complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) among our dialysis @entity1 over a 6-year period was performed. Ten cases of @entity17289 complicating CAPD were identified among 601 dialysis @entity1 between January 1988 and December 1994. There were four male and six female @entity1 . The most common clinical features were @entity490 , @entity221 , and cloudy peritoneal fluid (PDF). Two @entity1 had concurrent @entity298 . Extraperitoneal @entity378 was not observed. The majority of the @entity1 showed neutrophil predominance in the PDF. Only one @entity1 had a positive acid-fast bacilli smear of the PDF. The acid-fast bacilli culture of the PDF was positive in all @entity1 . The @entity1 were treated with @entity3109 , @entity1215 , and @entity5585 for 9 to 12 months (mean, 11 months). Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was continued in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 died, one from @entity177 at 2 months and the other from @entity1164 at 9 months. Two @entity1 were converted to hemodialysis at 3 months. Six @entity1 continued to receive CAPD after completion of the antituberculous treatment. Four of these six @entity1 were still alive 5 years after the @entity17289 . Three @entity1 were still undergoing CAPD with satisfactory ultrafiltration and solute clearance. None of the @entity1 developed relapse of @entity17289 . We concluded that (1) @entity17289 is a rare but important complication of CAPD, (2) removal of the Tenckhoff catheter is not mandatory in the management of @entity17289 complicating CAPD, and (3) long-term continuation of CAPD is possible after @entity17289 .

title: Optimal treatment and long-term outcome of XXXX complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['TBP', 'tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity17289 :: (MESH:D014395,Disease) :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']


abstract: Microneedle systems have gained attention as having many advantages over transdermal patches and hypodermic needles. The procedure provides adequate skin permeation rates without @entity158 or severe @entity281 . To obtain information for designing a microneedle system, macroneedles were used instead of microneedles to investigate the effects of pretreatment of needle puncture in the skin barrier stratum corneum on in vitro skin permeation of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-dextrans (4.3, 9.6 and 42.0 kDa) (FD-4, FD-10 and FD-40). The effect of sandpaper abrasion was also investigated for comparison. Both pretreatments on the skin barrier significantly increased the skin permeation of FDs. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leaching was measured after pretreatment of macroneedle and sandpaper abrasion on the skin to evaluate the skin damage by these pretreatment methods. Lower leaching of LDH was observed after macroneedle puncture than after sandpaper abrasion. Next, a parallel permeation-resistance model of the skin barrier was established. Skin permeation of FD-10 was predicted by the model as a function of the number of pores in the skin barrier. Our results suggest that needle puncture may provide a safe, efficient and controllable alternative for increasing transdermal drug delivery.

title: Effects of pretreatment of needle puncture and sandpaper abrasion on the in vitro skin permeation of XXXX ( @entity2823 )-dextran.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity2822 :: (CHEBI:37926,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']


abstract: Craniofacial development requires signals from epithelia to pattern skeletogenic neural crest (NC) cells, such as the subdivision of each pharyngeal arch into distinct dorsal (D) and ventral (V) elements. Wnt signaling has been implicated in many aspects of NC and craniofacial development, but its roles in D-V arch patterning remain unclear. To address this we blocked Wnt signaling in @entity3392 embryos in a temporally-controlled manner, using transgenics to overexpress a dominant negative @entity21697 , (dntcf3), (Tg(hsp70I: @entity21697 -GFP), or the canonical Wnt inhibitor @entity60561 ( @entity60561 ), (Tg(hsp70i: @entity60561 -GFP) after NC migration. In dntcf3 transgenics, NC cells in the ventral arches of heat-shocked embryos show reduced proliferation, expression of ventral patterning genes ( @entity47331 , @entity19252 , @entity19253 , msxe), and ventral cartilage differentiation (e.g. lower jaws). These D-V patterning defects resemble the phenotypes of @entity3392 embryos lacking Bmp or @entity60562 signaling, and overexpression of dntcf3 dramatically reduces expression of a subset of Bmp receptors in the arches. Addition of ectopic BMP (or @entity60562 ) protein partially rescues ventral development and expression of @entity19252 , @entity19253 , and msxe in Wnt signaling-deficient embryos, but surprisingly does not rescue @entity47331 expression. Thus Wnt signaling provides ventralizing patterning cues to arch NC cells, in part through regulation of Bmp and @entity60562 signaling, but independently regulates @entity47331 . Similarly, heat-shocked @entity60561 + embryos exhibit ventral arch reductions, but also have mandibular clefts at the ventral midline not seen in dntcf3+ embryos. @entity60561 is expressed in pharyngeal endoderm, and cell transplantation experiments reveal that dntcf3 must be overexpressed in pharyngeal endoderm to disrupt D-V arch patterning, suggesting that distinct endodermal roles for Wnts and Wnt antagonists pattern the developing skeleton.

title: Wnt signaling interacts with bmp and XXXX to regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and growth of the craniofacial skeleton.

answer: @entity60562 :: (58032(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['edn1']


abstract: This hospital-based study in New @entity4324 was performed to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1082 ) in cases of @entity189 ( @entity189 ). A total of 10 cases presenting with an obvious cervical growth were included in this study. 108 cases that was shown to be @entity189 on histology (101 @entity957 , 4 @entity420 , and one @entity3270 ) were included in the analysis. DNA was extracted from @entity5 tissue and HPV genotype was determined by a consensus PCR assay using a reverse line blot hybridization assay. Of 106 evaluable cases, 104 (98.1%) were positive for @entity1083 . Twelve different high-risk HPV types were found. There were 125 @entity281 , 119 of which were high risk. Six cases had associated low risk @entity281 . @entity1799 was the commonest type, seen in 73.6% cases followed by HPV 18 (14.2%) and 45 (11.3%). A vaccine with 100% efficacy in prevention of @entity1799 and 18 @entity281 would theoretically reduce the total @entity5 burden in New Delhi by more than 75% (assuming 100% coverage). Increasing the genotype spectrum (e.g. valency) if the existing vaccines would be expected to have only a modest impact on the potential for cervical protection.

title: @entity1082 type distribution in cervical XXXX in Delhi, India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinoma', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Delhi, North India']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized comparative study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) on decreasing perioperative @entity190 in cervical laminoplasty, in which the surgical procedure is identical in all cases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity928 , an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, has proven to be effective in reducing perioperative @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. However, only a limited number of well-controlled spinal surgery trials have been conducted due to heterogeneity in the performed surgical procedures. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with cervical @entity1745 were prospectively randomized into groups that received 15 mg/kg body weight of @entity928 or placebo intravenously before the skin incision was made. "French-door" cervical laminoplasty from C3 to C6 was performed for all @entity1 by using a consistent procedure. Intraoperative and @entity86 was compared between the groups. The surgery and follow-up were conducted at a single institution. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity928 and control groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, and operating time. Intraoperative @entity190 in the @entity928 group (49.1    30.6 mL) was not significantly different from that in the control group (63.4    53.0 mL, P = 0.30). However, in the @entity928 group, @entity86 during the first 16 hours was reduced by 37% as compared to the control group (132.0    45.3 vs. 211.0    41.5 mL; P < 0.01). The @entity190 (intraoperative plus @entity86 during the first 40 hours) in the @entity928 group (264.1    75.1 mL) was significantly lower than that in the control group (353.9    60.8 mL, P < 0.01). No @entity1031 events or complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSION: @entity928 significantly reduced perioperative @entity190 , primarily through a @entity86 , in cervical laminoplasty.

title: XXXX reduces perioperative @entity190 in cervical laminoplasty: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in postoperative blood loss', 'postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: The physiopathological role of antithromboplastin-type circulating anticoagulants in @entity7992 may be envisaged since the presence of antithromboplastin has been reported in most studies on @entity1 at high risk of abortion. To avoid a possible statistical bias, we conducted a prospective study in a sufficiently large group of @entity1 with @entity7992 (n = 99) compared with a control group of @entity1 with normal fecundity (n = 50). In addition, all @entity1 were investigated for @entity1252 . The circulating antibody was detected by the diluted thromboplastin time and activated cephalin time methods. The results were considered positive when the @entity1 /control diluted thromboplastin time ratio was 1.2 and/or when the increase in activated cephalin time was not corrected by a control plasma. In the @entity1 ' group, 10 @entity1 (10%) had an anti-thromboplastin type circulating anticoagulant, whereas no circulating anticoagulant could be detected in the control group. Three @entity1 with circulating anticoagulant had signs of @entity1252 . None of the @entity1 presented with Soulier-Boffa syndrome. These data have established a significant correlation between @entity7992 and circulating anticoagulant whilst avoiding statistical bias. Our results suggest that @entity1 with @entity7992 should be subjected to systematic immunological exploration and that a small number of them should be followed attentively.

title: [Immunological disorders of coagulation in XXXX . Prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['habitual abortion', 'idiopathic habitual abortion']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus symptoms']

answer: @entity7992 :: (MESH:D000026,Disease) :: ['habitual abortion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary prophylaxis with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) is associated with higher chemotherapy relative dose intensity, which may lead to improved outcomes; however, the association between @entity1261 primary prophylaxis and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) is not well characterized. This study assessed the effect of @entity1261 primary prophylaxis on @entity1 outcomes in randomized, controlled, registrational clinical trials of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three placebo-controlled and two non-inferiority clinical trials of filgrastim and/or pegfilgrastim in @entity1 receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for lung, breast, or @entity14 were included. The median @entity1349 , 6- and 12-month survival rates, and hazard ratios [HRs; unadjusted Cox model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were estimated for @entity1 receiving >= 1 dose of filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, or placebo. Comparisons were based on a log-rank test. A fixed-effect meta-analysis assessed the effect of primary prophylaxis with filgrastim/pegfilgrastim on @entity1349 in the placebo-controlled trials. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity2 receiving filgrastim versus placebo, the median @entity1349 was 14.1 versus 11.1 months (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.48-1.35; P = 0.412); in @entity1 who crossed over to filgrastim from placebo after cycle 1, the median @entity1349 was 16.9 months (HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.43-1.28; P = 0.286). The median @entity1349 was inestimable in at least one treatment arm in the other studies because of the small number of @entity1349 events. Where estimable, 6- and 12-month survival rates were generally greater among @entity1 receiving filgrastim/pegfilgrastim versus placebo. In the meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies comparing @entity1261 primary prophylaxis with placebo in the as-treated analysis sets, the HR (95% CI) for @entity1349 was 0.77 (0.58-1.03). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, @entity1349 point estimates were greater among @entity1 receiving filgrastim versus placebo, but the differences were not statistically significant. Further studies evaluating @entity1 outcomes with @entity1261 prophylaxis are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00035594, NCT00094809.

title: The effect of filgrastim or pegfilgrastim on survival outcomes of XXXX with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The effects of chronically administered aged garlic extract (AGE) on the age-related changes in a novel strain of senescence accelerated @entity19 (SAM) characterized by age-related @entity1010 (SAMP10) were investigated. 2. A solid diet containing 2% (w/w) AGE was given to SAM from 2 months of age. 3. The grading score of senescence in SAMP10 at 10 months of age was significantly higher than that of SAMR1, a reference strain for SAMP10. 4. Administration of AGE prevented the increase in the grading score of SAMP10 and SAMR1. 5. In behavioural evaluation, AGE improved learning and @entity2414 of SAMP10 in both the passive and conditioned avoidance tests as well as the spatial memory test. 6. Treatment with AGE in SAMP10 prevented the decrease in brain weight and the @entity75 at 12 months of age. 7. These results raise the possibility that AGE prevents physiological ageing and may be beneficial for age-related @entity73 in @entity1 .

title: Anti-ageing effect of aged garlic extract in the inbred XXXX @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes in frontal brain']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['brain atrophy']


abstract: Cannabinoid agonists have been shown to produce dose-related impairments in several measures of cognitive performance. However, it is unclear if low doses of cannabinoid @entity13677 agonists, or @entity13677 antagonists, can facilitate aspects of stimulus detection. The present study employed an operant procedure involving @entity227 in @entity35 . The task was found to be sensitive to the muscarinic @entity934 antagonist @entity5591 . The @entity13677 antagonist @entity14513 did not affect stimulus detection processes across a broad range of doses. However, the novel @entity13677 agonist @entity58396 produced a biphasic effect, with the two lowest doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) enhancing accuracy. @entity58396 changed patterns of responding toward runs of consecutive errors on only one of the two levers. It produced a biphasic effect on consecutive errors on the lever associated with a higher level of errors, with @entity393 following the lower doses (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and increases following the highest dose (2.0 mg/kg). These effects were not accompanied by changes in measures of bias commonly used to uncover such patterns in rodent operant models of cognitive performance. In contrast to the @entity73 seen after administration of moderate to high doses of @entity13677 agonists, it appears that low doses of some @entity13677 agonists may be capable of enhancing stimulus detection processes.

title: The novel cannabinoid agonist XXXX produces a biphasic effect on accuracy in a visual target detection task in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual stimulus detection']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in errors']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity58396 :: (MESH:C496392,Chemical) :: ['AM 411']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacies of 2 weight-reducing operations on diabetic control and the role of duodenum exclusion. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Surgery of the Min-Sheng General Hospital, National Taiwan University. @entity1 : We studied 60 moderately @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index >25 and <35) aged >30 to <60 years who had poorly controlled @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] >7.5%) after conventional treatment (>6 months) from September 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008. @entity1 and observers were masked during the follow-up, which ended in 2009, 1 year after final enrollment. INTERVENTIONS: Gastric bypass with duodenum exclusion (n = 30) vs sleeve gastrectomy without duodenum exclusion (n = 30). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was remission of @entity6 (fasting @entity413 <126 mg/dL and HbA(1c) <6.5% without glycemic therapy). Secondary measures included weight and @entity209 . Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity1 enrolled, all completed the 12-month follow-up. Remission of @entity6 was achieved by 28 (93%) in the gastric bypass group and 14 (47%) in the sleeve gastrectomy group (P = .02). @entity1 assigned to gastric bypass had lost more weight, achieved a lower waist circumference, and had lower @entity413 , HbA(1c), and blood lipid levels than the sleeve gastrectomy group. No serious complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 randomized to gastric bypass were more likely to achieve remission of @entity6 . Duodenum exclusion plays a role in @entity6 treatment and should be assessed. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00540462 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1245 are the mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity167 withdrawal in outpatient settings, but they can interact with @entity167 , cause motor incoordination, or be abused. This study compared the therapeutic responses of the benzodiazepine @entity2934 and the anticonvulsant @entity2049 for the outpatient treatment of acute @entity167 withdrawal in terms of @entity1 ' previous detoxification histories, and compared the effects of these 2 medications on drinking behaviors in the immediate postdetoxification period. DESIGN: This was a randomized double-blind trial comparing @entity1 responses to @entity2049 and @entity2934 across 2 levels of detoxification histories (0-1 or >or=2 previous medicated @entity10518 ). SETTING: A university medical center substance abuse clinic in Charleston, SC. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-six @entity1 in moderate @entity167 withdrawal were randomized. Major exclusions were significant hepatic or @entity1503 and use of medications that could alter withdrawal symptoms. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 600-800 mg of @entity2049 or 6-8 mg of @entity2934 in divided doses on day 1 tapering to 200 mg of @entity2049 or 2 mg of @entity2934 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for @entity167 -Revised was used to assess @entity167 withdrawal symptoms on days 1 through 5 and postmedication at days 7 and 12. Daily drinking was measured by @entity1 report using a daily drinking log and a breath @entity167 level with each visit. Side effects were recorded daily. RESULTS: @entity2049 and @entity2934 were equally effective at decreasing the symptoms of @entity167 withdrawal. In the post-treatment period, 89 @entity1 drank on at least 1 day; on average, @entity2049 @entity1 drank less than 1 drink per drinking day and @entity2934 @entity1 drank almost 3 drinks per drinking day (P =.003). Among those with multiple past @entity10518 , the @entity2049 group drank less than 1 drink per day on average and the @entity2934 group drank about 5 drinks per day on average (P =.033). @entity2934 -treated @entity1 had a significant rebound of @entity167 withdrawal symptoms post-treatment (P =.007) and the risk of having a first drink was 3 times greater (P =.04) than for @entity2049 -treated @entity1 . Twenty percent of @entity2934 -treated @entity1 had @entity2055 , or @entity2055 and did not recognize their impairment. Twenty percent of @entity2049 -treated @entity1 reported @entity111 but no rash. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2049 and @entity2934 were both effective in decreasing the symptoms of @entity167 withdrawal in relatively healthy, middle-aged outpatients. @entity2049 , however, was superior to @entity2934 in preventing rebound withdrawal symptoms and reducing post-treatment drinking, especially for those with a history of multiple treated withdrawals.

title: The effects of @entity2049 and @entity2934 on single versus multiple previous XXXX withdrawals in an outpatient randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam', 'Lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['detoxifications']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness, motor incoordination', 'ataxia']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: It is a case series involving clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical technique and long term outcome of @entity4097 in adults along with the review of the literature. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to find out from our series as well as from literature what determines the long term outcome and how it can be improved in @entity1 diagnosed to have intramedullary spinal cord @entity362 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Non-dysraphic spinal intramedullary @entity362 in adults are extremely rare. Majority of cases occur in @entity1 and in cervico-dorsal regions. Only eight cases of @entity362 without @entity3570 in adults have been reported in the English literature till 2013. METHODS: Here we report our experience with three such cases in the dorsolumbar region and discuss the surgical technique and the long term outcome of such cases. RESULTS: Review of literature and from our own cases we conclude that long term outcome after surgery is determined by the preoperative neurological status. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier surgical intervention with preserved neurological status results in better outcome. @entity512 without producing @entity51 should be the goal of the surgery and it stabilizes the disease process in the long run. When early clinico-radiological signs of recurrence develop, such @entity1 's to be reoperated immediately to prevent them from developing a fixed @entity51 .

title: Long term outcome of XXXX in adults: case series and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['dorso-lumbar spinal lipomas', 'lipomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic postoperative neurological deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Non-dysraphic intramedullary spinal cord lipomas']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['Radical subtotal excision']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['non-dysraphic intramedullary spinal cord lipomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether using ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, @entity14842 ) is preceded by symptoms of behavioural and emotional problems in childhood and early adolescence. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, population based study SETTING: The Dutch province of Zuid-Holland. @entity1 : A sample of 1580 individuals, followed up across a 14 year period, from childhood into adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The first assessment took place in 1983 before @entity14842 appeared as a recreational drug in the Netherlands and included the @entity1 behaviour checklist to obtain standardised parents' reports of their @entity1 's behavioural and emotional problems. Use of the drug was assessed with the composite international diagnostic interview 14 years later. RESULTS: Eight syndrome scales of childhood behaviour were examined. Scores in the deviant range for the scales designated as anxious or @entity308 in childhood were significantly related to use of @entity14842 in adolescents and adults, resulting in an increased risk (hazard ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 4.11, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with childhood symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 may have an increased tendency to use @entity14842 in adolescence or young adulthood. Its effects are supposed to include enhanced feelings of bonding with other @entity1 , euphoria, or relaxation. Especially individuals with symptoms of @entity148 or @entity308 may be susceptible to these positive effects.

title: Symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 in childhood and use of XXXX : prospective, population based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity14842 :: (MESH:D018817,Chemical) :: ['MDMA']


abstract: In 1984 Roark published the first report of a @entity5418 treatment of esophageal @entity1066 after sclerotherapy. Because this was an uncontrolled trial we planned a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study with 60 @entity1 . After therapeutic paravariceal injection-sclerotherapy of esophageal varices, @entity1 were randomly treated with @entity5418 suspension or placebo. Time of treatment was limited to a maximum of 3 weeks and the dosage of @entity5418 was 1 g q.i.d. (Ulcogant-Suspension). Healing was assessed by endoscopy at weekly intervals. Fifty-three @entity1 (25 @entity5418 , 28 placebo) were evaluable according to the protocol. No @entity1 left the study because of side effects. At the start of the trial, the @entity1 in the @entity5418 group showed a larger @entity1066 area than the placebo group. There was a tendency to faster healing in the @entity5418 group, especially in @entity1 with deeper @entity1066 . However, there was no significant difference in global healing between both treatment groups after 3 weeks. @entity5418 suspension may be of value in accelerating the healing process in esophageal @entity1066 after sclerotherapy, especially in @entity1 with deep @entity1066 . These results should be confirmed in further trials, in which @entity1 should be stratified with respect to their @entity1066 volume and severity of @entity409 .

title: A comparison of XXXX with placebo in the treatment of esophageal @entity1066 following therapeutic endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices--a prospective controlled randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerations', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate', 'Sucralfate']

answer: @entity5418 :: (MESH:D013392,Chemical) :: ['sucralfate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4176 Background: Definitive CRT and neoadjuvant CRT followed by esophagectomy are accepted treatments for locally advanced @entity418 . SS for local failure of CRT is an option for selected @entity1 (pts), but the morbidity is reported to be high. METHODS: We investigated 126 pts receiving CRT for locally advanced @entity418 between 1995 and 2002 to clarify the value of SS versus ES and the prognostic factors for esophagectomy after CRT. Among them, 67 pts received definitive CRT (>60Gy) alone, 11 pts underwent CRT plus salvage surgery (SS Group), 48 pts underwent ES with neoadjuvant CRT of 30   40 Gy (ES Group). Accordingly, 59 pts underwent CRT followed by esophagectomy (CRTS Group ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences of clinical characteristics, response rate, pathological response rate, adverse effects, number of dissected nodes and metastatic nodes, and grade of @entity41 after surgery between SS and ES. The percentage of pts having esophagectomy with D0 (no lymph node dissection) and non curative resection was higher in the SS Group (37.5% and 36.3% respectively) than the ES Group (8.3% and 16.7%). Morbidity was higher in the SS Group (90.9%) than the ES Group (66.7%). Particularly, @entity834 was more common in SS pts (36.3%) than ES pts (12.5%) (p=0.057). Median survival was 853 days in the SS Group and not significantly different from the ES Group (641 days). Distant @entity3 was the most frequent failure in both groups. The clinical response was not a significant prognostic factor for CRTS, but the pathological response was significant in univariate analysis (p=0.0284). The @entity41 grade and morbidity had independent prognostic significance for CRTS in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SS after local failure of CRT is a useful option for selected pts without distant @entity3 , possible curative resection, and a good response to CRT, whereas definitive CRT causes increased morbidity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Salvage surgery (SS) versus elective surgery (ES) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Type I IFNs ( @entity12419 /beta) have shown significant antitumor activity in preclinical models but limited efficacy and significant @entity137 in clinical trials. We hypothesized that the antitumor activity of type I IFNs could be enhanced by chronic, low-dose systemic delivery and sought to test this in @entity19 @entity521 models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Continuous liver-generated expression of @entity1 @entity2391 (hINF-beta) was achieved through a gene therapy-mediated approach using adeno-associated virus vectors encoding @entity2391 (AAV hINF-beta). Orthotopic localized retroperitoneal and disseminated models of @entity521 were established using three different xenografts. Immunohistochemical analysis and ELISA were used to evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of therapy. RESULTS: The development of both localized orthotopic (retroperitoneal) and disseminated @entity521 was prevented in all @entity19 expressing hINF-beta. Continued growth of @entity5 , treated with AAV hINF-beta as monotherapy, was significantly restricted, and survival for @entity19 with established, disseminated disease was significantly prolonged following administration of AAV hINF-beta. Analysis of treated @entity5 revealed a significant antiangiogenic effect. Mean intratumoral vessel density was diminished and expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were both decreased. Finally, combination therapy in which AAV @entity2391 was used together with low-dose @entity786 resulted in regression of both established retroperitoneal and disseminated disease. CONCLUSIONS: AAV-mediated delivery of @entity2391 when used as monotherapy was able to restrict @entity521 growth due in part to inhibition of angiogenesis. When used in combination with conventional chemotherapy, AAV @entity2391 was able to effect complete @entity5 regression.

title: Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated systemic delivery of IFN-beta combined with low-dose @entity786 affects XXXX regression in @entity19 @entity521 models.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'established retroperitoneal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To outline our technique for intracorporeal cooling with ice slush during robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN), with real-time parenchymal temperature monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 with enhancing solid renal masses suitable for treatment with RPN between September 2013 and January 2014 were included in the analysis. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Preoperative @entity1 characteristics, intraoperative surgical parameters including @entity1 body temperature and ipsilateral kidney temperature with real-time monitoring, and short-term functional outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Median age was 55 years (range, 39-75 years) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3 (range, 2-4). Median @entity5 size was 4 cm (range, 2.3-7.1) and RENAL nephrometry score was 9 (range, 5-11). One @entity1 had a solitary kidney. During cooling, the lowest median renal parenchymal temperature was 17.05  C (range, 11  C-26  C) and cold @entity63 time was 27.17 minutes (range, 18-49 minutes). Median time to latest postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was 12 days (range, 2-30 days). Median glomerular filtration rate preservation was 81% (range, 47.9%-126%). There was one positive margin. There were no postoperative complications, and no @entity1 experienced a prolonged ileus. The limitations of this study include a small number of @entity1 and short-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: RPN with @entity8 using intracorporeal ice slush is technically feasible. Our simplified method of introducing the ice slush was free of complications and highly reproducible. The use of a needle temperature probe allowed us to monitor in real time cooling of the @entity8 .

title: Robotic partial nephrectomy with intracorporeal XXXX using ice slush.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'renal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 or soluble @entity5 necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (sTNF-aR1) is associated with @entity308 in the year after @entity173 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Three Baltimore-area hospitals. @entity1 : Community-dwelling @entity1 aged 65 and older admitted with a new, nonpathological @entity174 of the proximal femur (N  =  134). MEASUREMENTS: Two, 6, and 12  months after @entity174 , serum was analyzed for @entity650 and sTNF-aR1, and @entity308 were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Generalized estimating equations were used to model the longitudinal relationship between @entity650 , sTNF-aR1, and GDS score. Whether lower extremity function, as measured according to the @entity1746 ( @entity1746 ), explained the relationship between @entity650 , sTNF-aR1, and GDS score was also examined. RESULTS: @entity1 in the highest categories of @entity650 (>= 5.14  pg/mL) and sTNF-aR1 (>= 2,421  pg/mL) had the highest GDS scores in the year after @entity174 (P  =  .09 for both). Twelve months after @entity174 , those in the highest @entity650 and sTNF-aR1 categories had GDS scores that were on average 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI)  =  0.4-3.4, P  =  .01) and 1.4 (95% CI  =  -0.1-3.0, P  =  .07) points higher than those in the lowest category, respectively. Adjusting for @entity1746 score, the mean difference in GDS scores for highest versus lowest @entity650 categories was 1.6 (95% CI  =  0.2-3.0, P  =  .02) points at 12  months. CONCLUSION: Results from these exploratory analyses support a role for @entity32 in the pathophysiology of @entity308 after @entity173 . @entity308 in the context of high cytokine levels may represent @entity1817 that is chronic in some individuals. Further research should establish the cause and effect of this relationship, as well as long-term correlates.

title: Inflammatory cytokine levels and XXXX in older @entity1 in the year after @entity173 : findings from the Baltimore Hip Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Lower Extremity Gain Scale', 'LEGS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['a sickness syndrome']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: This study aims to find out how the presenting symptoms of @entity14 are interpreted by those who get them, to identify the main triggering factors that lead someone with @entity14 to consult a doctor, and to describe how those affected perceive the process of being diagnosed with @entity14 . It is a qualitative study performed within the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism and from a gender perspective. Grounded theory has been used for the analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Twelve individuals with @entity14 - seven @entity1 and five @entity1 - were interviewed. At first, both the @entity1 and @entity1 attributed their symptoms to trivial causes. Changes in symptoms or the persistence of symptoms trigger medical consultation. Close relatives, especially the closest female family members, can trigger medical consultation, particularly among @entity1 . The @entity1 said nothing to their families until they had already gone to the doctor. Knowledge about @entity14 could be a factor triggering medical consultation. The time between consulting the family doctor and seeing a specialist feels drawn out. Gender-related differences have been observed in respect to help-seeking in @entity14 . Health education programmes focusing on knowledge about @entity5 are needed.

title: Factors triggering medical consultation for symptoms of XXXX and perceptions surrounding diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer symptoms', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Although we know that certain types of childhood @entity5 are increasing, we do not know why. With few exceptions, we know little about the role of environmental carcinogens in @entity5 . Generally, we have adequate information to screen chemicals for potential hazard for only certain categories of chemicals--drugs, food additives, and pesticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is implementing the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, which provides added protections against pesticide risks, especially for @entity1 . But the situation is quite different for many industrial chemicals. We lack even basic @entity137 data for a majority of the U.S. EPA's list of approximately 3000 nonpolymeric high-production-volume industrial chemicals being produced in the United States each year that are found in consumer products and the workplace. We know even less about the remaining 70,000 chemicals on the U.S. EPA inventory. The U.S. EPA has initiatives underway to address the risks posed by some of these commercial chemicals, including efforts to reduce risks posed by indoor air pollutants and household products. These initiatives specifically address @entity1 's risks. We are supporting @entity137 screening of high-volume industrial chemicals on a cooperative international basis through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Until more information is available, it is difficult to assess the possible role of these chemicals in @entity5 and to take steps to reduce exposure to @entity1 .

title: Chemicals and XXXX 's environment: what we don't know about risks.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2932 ( @entity2933 , "liquid @entity32015 ") and its legal pro-drugs @entity17106 and @entity57300 are gaining in importance as recreational drugs in Germany. The effects of these substances are comparable with those of @entity285 or @entity1245 . Because of the wide availability of @entity2933 physicians are increasingly being confronted with cases of intoxication. METHODS: This review is based on a selective literature search as well as on the authors' own experience and on information provided by the GIZ-Nord Poisons Centre, G  ttingen, Germany. RESULTS: Consumption of a high dose of @entity2933 or its prodrugs leads to severe intoxication with @entity1576 and @entity772 . Only supportive therapy can be offered; no antidote is available. DISCUSSION: In any @entity1 with @entity1662 of unknown cause, the possibility of intoxication with @entity2933 must be considered. Chemical detection of @entity2933 in blood or urine is possible only using specific analytical methods and only within a short time frame (<12 h). Because of the short half-life of @entity2933 , intoxications treated in intensive care units rarely show any complications. However, a number of fatalities have occurred. The potential abuse of @entity2933 as a date rape drug must be borne in mind.

title: Liquid XXXX - a significant drug problem.

entities_list: @entity17106 :: ('MESH:D015107', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-butyrolactone']

entities_list: @entity2932 :: ('MESH:C111420', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

answer: @entity32015 :: (D018817,Chemical) :: ['ecstasy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the antidepressant @entity3756 on executive function and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity5 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We assigned 122 @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity5 to the depressed group (DG, n=86) or the non-depressed group (NG, n=36). All subjects were given supportive treatment and @entity1 in the DG received additional antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: There were significant differences in total scores of the @entity308 scale ( @entity308 ), performance in the Wisconsin card sorting test, and SF-36 domains. After antidepressant treatment, the level of @entity308 and @entity148 decreased significantly in the DG, but was still significantly higher than in the NG. Low executive function was enhanced in the DG, but a worsening executive function was found in total errors in the NG (-2.3  3.8) (P<0.05). The dimensions of SF-36 in physical functioning (PF), role limitations-physical (RP), @entity158 ( @entity158 ), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations-emotional (RE), and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) were decreased significantly at baseline in the DG compared to the NG (P<0.01). After 12-week @entity3756 treatment, improvement in the DG in factors VT, SF, RE, and @entity1032 were more powerful than in the NG (P<0.05). HAMA, @entity308 , and VAS scores and @entity5 stage were significantly correlated to any one dimension of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 is an important cause of decreased quality of life and executive function in @entity1 with @entity5 . The antidepressant @entity3756 can improve the executive function and quality of life, which may be helpful in the clinical practice of @entity5 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity3756 on executive function and quality of life in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'HAMD', 'Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['BP', 'bodily pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) is being used to promote linear growth in short @entity1 with @entity12697 . However, its efficacy is still controversial. Aims: To systematically determine the impact of rhGH therapy on adult height in @entity1 with @entity12697 . Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the bibliographic references from all retrieved articles published until April 2014. Studies reporting adult/near-adult height in @entity1 with @entity12697 treated with rhGH or reporting at least a 3-year follow-up were analysed. Quality and strength of recommendation were assessed according to the Endocrine Society criteria. Results: No controlled trials reporting adult height were available. Five studies were identified reporting adult height or near adult height. Data comparison showed inter-individual variability in the response to rhGH, mean height gain standard deviation score ranging between 0.6 and 1.4 according to national standards, and between 0.6 and 2 according to @entity12697 . Significant biases affected all the studies. Conclusions: High-quality controlled trials on the impact of rhGH therapy on adult height are lacking, and the robustness of available data is not sufficient to recommend such therapy in @entity1 with @entity12697 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Impact of XXXX Therapy on Adult Height in Noonan Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity12697 :: ('MESH:D009634', 'Disease') :: ['Noonan standards', 'Noonan syndrome']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth Hormone']


abstract: This study assessed the effect of @entity63 during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) on cardiac mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 . We studied 528 @entity1 (62 +/- 11 years of age, 402 @entity1 ) who had @entity712 and previous @entity583 or known @entity453 and underwent DSE. @entity63 was defined as new or worsening wall motion abnormalities or a biphasic response. End point during follow-up was @entity204 . Mean ejection fraction was 35 +/- 12%. @entity63 was detected in 407 @entity1 (77%). During a mean follow-up of 3.2 +/- 2.4 years, @entity204 occurred in 150 @entity1 (28%). Myocardial revascularization was performed within 4 months after DSE in 117 @entity1 (29%) who had @entity63 . Annual rates of @entity204 were 4.8% in @entity1 who did not have @entity63 , 5.5% in those who had @entity63 and underwent revascularization within 4 months, and 11.8% in those who had @entity63 and were not revascularized (p <0.001 vs other groups). In a multivariate analysis model, independent predictors of @entity204 were @entity6 ( @entity16071 , 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 2.9), male gender (RR 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.1), low-dose wall motion score index (RR 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.6), and @entity63 (RR 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.2). @entity951 was not predictive of @entity204 . In @entity1 who had @entity63 , revascularization within 4 months after DSE was associated with decreased risk of @entity204 (RR 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 0.8). In conclusion, @entity741 that is detected by DSE is associated with increased risk of @entity204 among @entity1 who have @entity712 , after adjustment for left ventricular function. @entity1 who had @entity63 and received revascularization within 4 months had a better survival than did @entity1 who had @entity63 and did not receive revascularization. @entity951 had no effect on prognosis. Therefore, @entity1 who do not have angina should not be considered a lower-risk population if they have inducible @entity63 .

title: Effect of XXXX during @entity452 stress echocardiography on cardiac mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The role of infectious agents in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity1412 (CRSwNP) remains unclear. Recent studies have provided indirect evidence of exposure to staphylococcal exotoxins in the blood and polyp tissue of @entity1 with CRSwNP. These exotoxins have the capacity to act as superantigens, bypassing normal antigen processing and directly stimulating a massive inflammatory response. The objective of the study was to analyze mucus and polyp tissue samples from @entity1 with CRSwNP for the presence of staphylococcal exotoxins. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Tissue and mucus samples were obtained from 42 @entity1 undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis and 11 normal control @entity1 . Twenty-nine of 42 @entity1 had chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity1412 , 2 had @entity1127 , and 11 had chronic rhinosinusitis without @entity480 . Eleven @entity1 without chronic rhinosinusitis or @entity1127 served as normal control @entity1 . Specimens were analyzed for the presence of five staphylococcal exotoxins (SEA, @entity7698 , SEC, @entity11736 , and @entity137 [ @entity137 ]) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analysis of specimens and mean eosinophil counts were correlated with the presence of toxin. RESULTS: At least one toxin was detected in 14 of 29 @entity1 with @entity1412 . Nine of the 14 @entity1 also had positive findings for additional toxins. The dominant histological pattern in the CRSwNP @entity1 group was polypoid mucosa with @entity4 , which was found in both ELISA-positive and ELISA-negative @entity1 . Mean eosinophil counts tended to be higher in ELISA-positive @entity1 with @entity1127 compared with @entity1 without toxin detection. No toxin was detected in the 11 specimens taken from normal control @entity1 . Only 1 of the 13 @entity1 with @entity91 without @entity1127 had positive ELISA results for toxin. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates the presence of superantigen toxins in 14 of 29 @entity1 with CRSwNP, with @entity7698 and @entity137 being the most common. Further studies are necessary to correlate the presence of toxin with the pathological changes present in polyp tissue.

title: Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis: detection of staphylococcal exotoxins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSST-1', 'toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['antrochoanal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis', 'bilateral nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity7025 is an occlusive @entity1504 commonly resulting in @entity149 . The cognitive outcome parameters commonly affected are intelligence, memory, executive function, and quality of life. In this paper, the authors review the existing literature on cognitive and clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric moyamoya populations separately. METHODS: A systematic review of the cognitive and clinical outcome literature was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Outcomes data were contrasted between adult and pediatric populations. RESULTS: Intelligence is the main cognitive outcome parameter affected in pediatric @entity1 with @entity7025 , whereas adults most commonly suffer from executive function impairment. Memory has not been studied sufficiently in pediatric @entity1 , and its dysfunction in the adult population remains controversial. Quality of life has not been studied appropriately in either population. Surgical revascularization is the only beneficial treatment option, and a combination of direct and indirect bypass techniques has shown benefit, but the impact on the above-mentioned parameters has not been sufficiently elucidated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7025 affects the cognition and daily function in pediatric @entity1 to a greater extent than in adult @entity1 . Due to the rarity of the disease, there is a distinct lack of high-level evidence regarding cognitive and clinical outcomes.

title: XXXX : functional and neurocognitive outcomes in the pediatric and adult populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease', 'moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorder']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['Moyamoya disease']


abstract: Six point mutations in non-muscle gamma-actin at the @entity10282 /26 locus cause @entity3491 . The molecular basis for the @entity393 is unknown. We have engineered each gamma-actin mutation into @entity375 actin to investigate the effects of these mutations on actin function in vivo and in vitro. Cells expressing each of the mutant actins as the sole actin in the cell were viable. Four of the six mutant strains exhibited @entity851 in complete medium and an inability to grow on @entity653 as the sole @entity505 source, implying a mitochondrial defect(s). These four strains exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology, although the mtDNA was retained. All of the mutant cells exhibited an abnormally high percentage of fragmented/non-polarized actin cables or randomly distributed actin patches. Five of the six mutants displayed strain-specific @entity154 . Two of the purified mutant actins exhibited decreased thermal stability and increased rates of @entity377 exchange, indicative of increased protein flexibility. @entity49157 actin alone polymerized abnormally. It aggregated in low ionic strength buffer and polymerized faster than wild-type actin, probably in part because of enhanced nucleation. Mixtures of wild-type and @entity49157 actins displayed kinetic properties in proportion to the mole fraction of each actin in the mixture. No dominant effect of the mutant actin was observed. Our results suggest that a major factor in the @entity2319 caused by these mutations is an altered ability of the actin filaments to be properly regulated by actin-binding proteins rather than an inability to polymerize.

title: Effects of human @entity2319 gamma-actin mutations ( XXXX /26) on actin function.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vacuole morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['significant growth deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity10282 :: (71,Gene) :: ['DFNA20']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3243 is a rare @entity5 associated with @entity461 -dependent hypercalcaemia. It is infrequent in @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) and very rarely associated with @entity2742 . A continuous cell line named Pt.Kich-1 from a @entity3243 diagnosed in a @entity1 with @entity3528 (II   HPTH) was established and maintained in vitro for more than 60 passages. The cells were characterized for their immunophenotypic and endocrine characteristics as well as for their functional status after treatment by the extracellular [Ca(2+)]e, and the calcium homeostasis regulator 1a,25 (OH)2D3. The cytogenetic features were established by the R-banding. The Pt.Kich-1 cultures show an aspect of admixed epithelial/mesenchymal like cells with a doubling time between 96 and 112h. The cells are immunoreactive for cytokeratin (60%), @entity10208 (26%), @entity2277 (46%), @entity5962 (32%), and @entity5473 (16%), while @entity3507 was not detected. Hypotetraploid karyotype containing large chromosomal markers and double minute chromosomes was identified in 30% of the metaphases. Treatment of Pt.Kich-1 cells with 1.0mM, 1.5mM, and 1.7mM of extracellular [Ca(2+)]e increased the DNA synthesis, while the calcium homeostasis regulator, the 1a,25 (OH)2D3, at 10(-9)-10(-7)M inhibited the cell growth. The levels of @entity461 measured in the medium of early cultures ranging between 547 and 610pg/ g of DNA declined during the passages to a level between 6 and 12pg/ g of DNA. No effect on the @entity461 release by the Pt.Kich-1 cells was observed after treatment with the all-trans (ATRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid differentiation inducers. The described in vitro cellular model can serve as a useful tool to study the pathogenesis of @entity3243 and to improve the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of gland sensitivity to [Ca(2+)]e leading to @entity461 synthesis and secretion.

title: Establishment and characterization of a XXXX @entity3243 derived cell line.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'uremic HPT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ) often experience long periods of stable disease, emphasizing the importance of maintaining good health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We assessed the changes in HRQOL in long-term survivors of WHO grade I or II @entity816 , @entity3271 , or @entity816 with clinically and radiologically stable disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 completed self-report measures of generic HRQOL (Short Form-36 [SF-36]) and disease-specific HRQOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brain @entity5 Module). Assessments took place at midterm and long-term follow-up, on average 6 and 12 years after histologic diagnosis and initial treatment, respectively. Comparisons between @entity1 with @entity11 and individually matched healthy controls were made, and change within the @entity1 with @entity11 was calculated, as was minimal detectable change. RESULTS: Although no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with @entity11 and healthy matched controls were found at midterm follow-up, @entity1 with @entity11 had worse physical role functioning (P = .004) and general health perceptions (P = .004) than controls at long-term follow-up. Within @entity1 with stable @entity11 (n = 65), physical HRQOL (the SF-36 physical component summary and the physical functioning subscale) was significantly worse at long-term than at midterm follow-up (both P < .001). Although 48% of @entity1 improved or remained stable on all HRQOL scales, 38.5% of @entity1 experienced detectable decline on one or more scales. CONCLUSION: Although HRQOL remains mostly preserved in the majority of @entity1 with @entity11 , a subset of @entity1 experience detectable decline on one or more HRQOL scales despite long-term stable disease. For this subgroup, further research is recommended to better aid @entity1 in dealing with the consequences of @entity11 .

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in Stable, Long-Term Survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Glioma']


abstract: Promising clinical results have been achieved with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as ipilimumab and tremelimumab that block @entity4386 ( @entity4386 , @entity4386 ). However, systemic administration of these agents also has the potential for severe immune-related adverse events. Thus, local production might allow higher concentrations at the target while reducing systemic side effects. We generated a transductionally and transcriptionally targeted oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-/\24aCTLA4 expressing complete @entity1 mAb specific for @entity4386 and tested it in vitro, in vivo and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal donors and @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . mAb expression was confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Biological functionality was determined in a T-cell line and in PBMCs from @entity5 @entity1 . T cells of @entity1 , but not those of healthy donors, were activated by an anti- @entity4386 mAb produced by Ad5/3-/\24aCTLA4. In addition to immunological effects, a direct anti- @entity4386 -mediated pro-apoptotic effect was observed in vitro and in vivo. Local production resulted in 43-fold @entity5 versus plasma anti- @entity4386 mAb concentration. Plasma levels in @entity19 remained below what has been reported safe in @entity1 . Replication-competent Ad5/3-/\24aCTLA4 resulted in 81-fold @entity5 mAb levels as compared with a replication-deficient control. This is the first report of an oncolytic adenovirus producing a full-length @entity1 mAb. High mAb concentrations were seen at @entity5 with lower systemic levels. Stimulation of T cells of @entity5 @entity1 by Ad5/3-/\24aCTLA4 suggests feasibility of testing the approach in clinical trials.

title: Targeted @entity5 immunotherapy with oncolytic adenovirus coding for a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'higher (P<0.05) tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['CD152', 'cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4', 'CTLA4', 'CTLA-4']

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3541 is a debilitating condition entailing both cosmetic and functional limitations. Static suspension procedures can be performed when more advanced dynamic techniques are not indicated. Since 2006, we have used a double-layered @entity924 graft through an ovular skin excision in the nasolabial fold for access. The aim of this paper is to present our surgical technique and case series. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case series in a university hospital setting. All @entity1 who had this procedure performed were included before August 2013. Data from electronic @entity1 records were retrieved, @entity1 were invited for a follow-up visit and results were measured using the Lip Reanimation Outcomes Questionnaire. Furthermore, standardised photographs were taken and evaluated by multiple surgeons. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 were included with a mean follow-up of 49 months (range: 3-89 months). 93% noted an improvement of their facial appearance at follow-up. Seven out of 11 @entity1 with preoperative problems with speech noted an improvement at follow-up. Eight out of 12 @entity1 with preoperative problems with oral competence noted an improvement at follow-up. Photographic evaluation revealed an acceptable symmetry at rest with an increasing asymmetry with increasing smile intensity. No post-operative complications or donor site morbidity was noted in any of our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our technique is easy to perform with no noteworthy complications, and it improves the quality of life of @entity1 with @entity3541 . It is an acceptable alternative when more advanced procedures are not indicated. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: Using a double-layered XXXX for suspension of @entity3541 .

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['palmaris longus tendon']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['palmaris longus tendon']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Enamel @entity2681 results in the formation of a softened layer that is susceptible to disruption by mechanical factors such as @entity12893 , tongue friction and @entity6661 . The aim of this study was to investigate the individual contribution of those mechanical insults to the enamel loss caused by @entity2681 . METHODS: Forty two @entity291 enamel samples were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6 per group) that were submitted to 3cycles of one of the following regimes: @entity2681 and remineralization (er/remin); toothbrush abrasion and remineralization (abr/remin); @entity2681 , toothbrush abrasion and remineralization (er/abr/remin); @entity6661 ( @entity6661 ); @entity2681 , @entity6661 (er/ @entity6661 ); simulated tongue friction and remineralization (tg/remin); @entity2681 , simulated tongue friction and remineralization (er/tg/remin). Erosion took place in a demineralization solution (50mM @entity1792 , pH 3) for 10min under agitation. @entity12893 , tongue friction and @entity6661 were simulated for 1min using a home-made wear device. Remineralization was carried out in artificial saliva for 2h. Enamel loss was quantified using optical profilometry. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the amounts of enamel lost due to the different wear regimes (p<or=0.001). Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni procedure showed that the wear depths found for the er/ @entity6661 (p<or=0.001) and er/tg/remin (p<or=0.001) were significantly higher than the amount found for the er/remin group (4.4+/-0.7microm). This was not the case for er/abr/remin group (p=0.075). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the three forms of mechanical insults remove to varying extent the softened layer formed by the @entity2681 challenges.

title: Toothbrush abrasion, simulated tongue friction and @entity6661 of eroded XXXX enamel in vitro.

entities_list: @entity12893 :: ('MESH:D014072', 'Disease') :: ['brushing abrasion', 'Brushing abrasion']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosion', 'dental erosion']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition', 'attrition and remineralization', 'at/remin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIM: While the mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity6 is unclear, @entity3650 reductase has been implicated in @entity2687 . The effects of an oral @entity3650 reductase inhibitor ( @entity10916 ) on the ocular surface of @entity6 @entity1 after @entity231 surgery were studied. METHODS: This clinical trial was designed to be randomised, double blinded, and placebo controlled. Pseudophakic @entity1 with @entity6 were randomly assigned to treatment with either oral @entity10916 ( @entity59298 ) (n=12) or placebo (n=9) for 12 weeks. The vital staining of the ocular surface, tear production and clearance, break up time in tears (BUT), @entity1109 , and symptom score before treatments were examined as well as 4, 8, 12 weeks after the administration. Specular microscopic evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: After a 12 week period of oral @entity10916 administration, @entity941 staining scores (from 2.04 (SD 1.12) to 1.46 (1.18); p=0.016), conjunctival sensation (from 1.15 (0.37) to 1.36 (0.31); p=0.0006), and symptom scores (from 5.38 (1.932) to 4.00 (2.07); p=0.0002) recovered significantly. @entity941 staining of oral @entity10916 administration also decreased compared with placebo (p=0.017). Rose bengal staining, tear clearance, and corneal sensation were improved although this increase was minor. Tear production, BUT, and specular microscopic evaluation of the corneal epithelium and endothelium did not demonstrate a significant change. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity10916 opposes the ocular surface changes caused by @entity6 , by recovery of ocular surface sensitivity as demonstrated through an improvement in vital staining.

title: Improvement of corneal @entity941 staining in post @entity231 surgery of @entity6 @entity1 by an oral @entity3650 reductase inhibitor, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['corneal and conjunctival sensation']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity59298 :: (MESH:C038131,Chemical) :: ['ONO-2235']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy and durability of an interwoven self-expanding @entity5648 stent for the treatment of superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. METHOD: Consecutive @entity1 with severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries who received SUPERA   stents were retrospectively identified. The @entity1 were followed for 12 months by Doppler ultrasound examinations, stent roentgenograms, and estimation of Rutherford-Becker class and ankle-brachial index. RESULTS: From July 2012 to May 2014, 42 limbs in 36 @entity1 (mean age, 61.5        7.5 years; 75% male) were treated with angioplasty and primary stenting. @entity432 were present in 14 limbs, and 63.8% had either moderate or severe @entity730 . The mean (  SD) lesion length was 105   mm (  28). Primary patency was 91.4% at 6 months and 85.7% at 12 months. The ankle brachial index increased from 0.57        0.19 preoperative to 0.91        0.12 postoperative. There was no procedural or device-related morbidity or mortality after revascularization and only one major amputation was observed on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that, Supera stents are safe and effective in our cohort of @entity1 , with acceptable patency rates. There were no stent @entity174 so far even with stenting of the femoropopliteal segments. Stent design provides a viable option for high-grade obstructive disease in the femoropopliteal artery.

title: Treatment of complex atherosclerotic femoropopliteal artery disease with a self-expanding interwoven XXXX stent: Midterm results.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Total occlusions']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated efficacy for reducing @entity9 , but the respective mechanisms remain largely unknown. The current study tested the hypothesis that @entity158 reduction with tDCS is associated with an increase in the peak frequency spectrum density in the theta-alpha range. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1566 and bilateral @entity9 received single sessions of both sham and anodal tDCS (2mA) over the left primary motor area (M1) for 20min. Treatment order was randomly assigned. Pre- to post-procedure changes in @entity158 intensity and peak frequency of electroencephalogram spectral analysis were compared between treatment conditions. RESULTS: The active treatment condition (anodal tDCS over M1) but not sham treatment resulted in significant decreases in @entity158 intensity. In addition, consistent with the study hypothesis, peak theta-alpha frequency (PTAF) assessed from an electrode placed over the site of stimulation increased more from pre- to post-session among @entity1 in the active tDCS condition, relative to those in the sham tDCS condition. Moreover, we found a significant association between a decrease in @entity158 intensity and an increase in PTAF at the stimulation site. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the possibility that anodal tDCS over the left M1 may be effective, at least in part, because it results in an increase in M1 cortical excitability, perhaps due to a @entity158 inhibitory effect of motor cortex stimulation that may influence the descending @entity158 modulation system. Future research is needed to determine if there is a causal association between increased left anterior activity and @entity158 reduction. SIGNIFICANCE: The results provide new findings regarding the effects of tDCS on @entity9 and @entity75 changes.

title: The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in XXXX with @entity9 from @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain oscillation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the main results of medical support of 78 two- @entity1 extravehicular activities (EVAs) which have been conducted in the @entity11216 Space Program. Thirty-six male crewmembers participated in these EVAs. Maximum length of a space walk was equal to 7 h 14 min. The total duration of all space walks reached 717.1 @entity1 -hours. The maximum frequency of EVA's execution was 10 per year. Most of the EVAs (67) have been performed at mission elapsed time ranging from 31 to 180 days. The @entity26 atmosphere of the Orlan space suit with a pressure of 40 kPa in combination with the normobaric cabin environment and a short (30 min) @entity26 prebreathe protocol have minimized the risk of @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ). There has been no incidence of @entity5663 during performed EVAs. At the peak activity, metabolic rates and heart rates increased up to 9.9-13 kcal/min and 150-174 @entity1009 , respectively. The medical problems have centred on feeling of moderate overcooling during a rest period in a shadow after the high physical loads, episodes with @entity591 accompanied by @entity299 at the moments of emotional stress, @entity158 in the muscles and general fatigue after the end of a hard EVA. All of the EVAs have been completed safely.

title: The main results of EVA medical support on the XXXX Space Station.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['DCS', 'decompression sickness']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhythm disorders']

answer: @entity11216 :: (220972,Gene) :: ['Mir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The RTOG 94-13 trial has provided evidence that @entity1 with high risk prostate @entity5 benefit from an additional radiotherapy to the pelvic nodes combined with concomitant hormonal ablation. Since lymphatic drainage of the prostate is highly variable, the optimal target volume definition for the pelvic lymph nodes is problematic. To overcome this limitation, we tested the feasibility of an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) protocol, taking under consideration the individual pelvic sentinel node drainage pattern by SPECT functional imaging. METHODS: @entity1 with high risk prostate @entity5 were included. Sentinel nodes (SN) were localised 1.5-3 hours after injection of 250 MBq 99mTc-Nanocoll using a double-headed gamma camera with an integrated X-Ray device. All sentinel node localisations were included into the pelvic clinical target volume (CTV). Dose prescriptions were 50.4 Gy (5 x 1.8 Gy / week) to the pelvis and 70.0 Gy (5 x 2.0 Gy / week) to the prostate including the base of seminal vesicles or whole seminal vesicles. @entity1 were treated with IMRT. Furthermore a theoretical comparison between IMRT and a three-dimensional conformal technique was performed. RESULTS: Since 08/2003 6 @entity1 were treated with this protocol. All @entity1 had detectable sentinel lymph nodes (total 29). 4 of 6 @entity1 showed sentinel node localisations (total 10), that would not have been treated adequately with CT-based planning ('geographical miss') only. The most common localisation for a probable geographical miss was the perirectal area. The comparison between dose-volume-histograms of IMRT- and conventional CT-planning demonstrated clear superiority of IMRT when all sentinel lymph nodes were included. IMRT allowed a significantly better sparing of normal tissue and reduced volumes of small bowel, large bowel and rectum irradiated with critical doses. No gastrointestinal or genitourinary acute @entity137 Grade 3 or 4 (RTOG) occurred. CONCLUSION: IMRT based on sentinel lymph node identification is feasible and reduces the probability of a geographical miss. Furthermore, IMRT allows a pronounced sparing of normal tissue irradiation. Thus, the chosen approach will help to increase the curative potential of radiotherapy in high risk prostate @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Intensity modulated radiotherapy for high risk prostate XXXX based on sentinel node SPECT imaging for target volume definition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2411 ( @entity2411 ) is the most frequent cause of genito-pelvic @entity2531 (GPPPD) and is associated with negative psychological and sexual consequences for affected @entity1 and their partners. @entity2411 is often misdiagnosed or ignored and many couples may experience a sense of injustice, due to the loss of their ability to have a normal sexual life. Perceiving injustice has been documented to have important consequences in individuals with @entity1118 . However, no quantitative research has investigated the experience of injustice in this population. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between perceived injustice and @entity158 , sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and @entity308 among @entity1 with @entity2411 and their partners. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2411 (N  = 50) and their partners completed questionnaires of perceived injustice, @entity158 , sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and @entity308 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale; (2) Female Sexual Distress Scale; (3) Beck Depression Inventory-II; and (4) McGill-Melzack @entity158 Questionnaire. RESULTS: After controlling for partners' age, @entity1 's higher level of perceived injustice was associated with their own greater sexual distress, and the same pattern was found for partners. @entity1 's higher level of perceived injustice was associated with their own greater @entity308 , and the same pattern was found for partners. @entity1 's higher perceived injustice was not associated with their own lower sexual satisfaction but partners' higher perceived injustice was associated with their own lower sexual satisfaction. Perceived injustice was not associated with @entity1 's @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that perceiving injustice may have negative consequences for the couple's sexual and psychological outcomes. However, the effects of perceived injustice appear to be intra-individual. Targeting perceived injustice could enhance the efficacy of psychological interventions for @entity1 with @entity2411 and their partners.

title: Why Us? Perceived Injustice is Associated With More Sexual and Psychological Distress in Couples Coping With Genito-Pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'Provoked vestibulodynia']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain/penetration disorder']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Severe neonatal @entity358 incurs mortality rates approaching 71% to 95%. We sought to determine the utility of serial amnioinfusions through a subcutaneously implanted intraamniotic catheter to prevent @entity358 in @entity2241 . METHODS: Fetal @entity742 (n = 32) were divided into 3 groups. Group I (n = 12) underwent a sham operation, group II (n = 15) underwent a complete urinary tract obstruction via ligation of the urachus and urethra with a subcutaneous tunneled intraamniotic port-a-cath without amnioinfusions, and group III (n = 5) underwent a creation of a complete urinary tract obstruction with a port-a-cath as described in group II with serial amnioinfusions. Lung tissue was analyzed by lung volume to body weight ratios and stereology. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and Bonferroni comparisons (P < .05). RESULTS: Obstructed fetuses grossly had smaller lungs than treated and control animals. Lung volume to body weight ratios were statistically significant between groups. Airspace fractions were comparable between groups I and III (average = 0.53 and 0.55, respectively), although both were significantly greater than group II (average = 0.48) (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS: Serial amnioinfusions through an intraamniotic port-a-cath prevented @entity358 in an ovine model of @entity3551 . The use of an easily accessible device for amnioinfusions may be a viable option to treat @entity2906 .

title: Serial amnioinfusions prevent @entity2241 in a large animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal obstructive uropathy']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']