abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the indications, complications and survival after pancreatoduodenectomy, with special attention for the outcome after extended resection due to @entity5 extension and in elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective, partly cross-sectional study. METHOD: All 275 consecutive adult @entity1 who underwent explorative laparotomy for a suspected resectable @entity788 or @entity5 in two Dutch tertiary centres between 2007 and 2010 were included. We graded the postoperative complications according to international classifications and collected data on survival. RESULTS: In 218/275 @entity1 (79%) the @entity5 could be resected by pancreatoduodenectomy with or without an extended resection. Malignancy was confirmed in 190/218 @entity1 (87%); in 153/190 @entity1 (81%) a microscopically radical (R0) resection was achieved. Fifteen percent of the @entity1 required a re-intervention (radiological, endoscopic or surgical) because of an intra-abdominal complication. The post-operative 30-day mortality was 4.1%. Eighty-six @entity1 (39%) were ultimately diagnosed with ' @entity788 '; they had a 1- and 2-year survival rate of 63% and 34%, respectively. In 27 @entity1 (12%) who underwent an extended resection for oncological reasons, such as partial hepatic portal vein resection, the 30-day mortality was 0% and the survival rates were comparable to @entity1 with a standard resection. The 81 @entity1 (37%) aged 70 or older had a 30-day mortality and survival similar to younger @entity1 . CONCLUSION: More than 75% of potentially resectable @entity5 were resected by a pancreatoduodenectomy with or without an extended resection, with a relatively low postoperative mortality and an adequate survival benefit. After multidisciplinary assessment, both limited @entity5 extension and a higher age are not necessarily contraindications for a resection, as a comparable survival benefit can be obtained for these groups of @entity1 as for other groups.

title: [Pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected XXXX : indications, complications and survival].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'periampulary tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head tumour', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and compare the genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A (srtA) gene found in @entity6586 ( @entity6586 ) infecting two-year-old @entity1 suffering early childhood caries to those found in caries-free @entity1 through molecular identification methods. METHODS: Clinical @entity6586 strains were isolated from the dental plaques of two-year-old @entity1 . Fifteen strains of @entity6586 from the caries-active group and 15 strains of @entity6586 from the caries-free group were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the @entity6586 isolates. DNA fragments, including the srtA gene, were amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analyzed. A chi-square test and BioEdit software were used to analyze the sequencing results. RESULTS: All 30 clinically isolated @entity6586 strains had a 741 base pair (bp) srtA gene. There were no @entity377 sequence insertions or deletions observed in the srtA genes. Twenty mutations were identified in the srtA genes that taken from the 30 clinical strains. There were 10 silent point mutations at the 78, 99, 150, 165, 186, 222, 249, 261, 312, and 636bp positions. The other 10 mutations were point mutations resulting in a missense mutation at the 23, 34, 36, 47, 112, 114, 168, 176, 470, and 671bp positions. None of the positions were enzyme-activity sites of srt A. The missense mutation rates of the two groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: There were no genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene associated with early childhood caries in two-year-old @entity1 .

title: Genetic polymorphisms of the sortase A gene and early childhood caries in two-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Axonal @entity39 was first described in samples of small intestine from @entity1 with @entity30 (A.M. Dvorak et al. Hum Pathol 1980; 11:620-634). Clinically evident @entity32 of continent ileal reservoirs (pouches) has clinical features that resemble @entity30 . Possible similarities in the pathogenesis of @entity30 and @entity5042 were sought using ultrastructural and microbiologic tools to identify damaged enteric nerves and tissue bacteria. METHODS: An encoded ultrastructural and microbiologic study of replicate biopsies from 114 samples of @entity1 intestine was done. Biopsies from ileum, colon, conventional ileostomy or continent pouch were obtained from @entity1 with @entity31 , @entity30 , or @entity1412 and grouped into three clinical study groups (control, normal pouch, @entity5042 ), based on clinical and endoscopic criteria. Biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy with standard methods; replicate biopsy samples were washed extensively before preparing cultures designed to identify aerobic as well as facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria (Onderdonk et al. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:312-317). The ultrastructural diagnosis of damaged enteric nerves was based on previously published criteria for @entity39 (A.M. Dvorak and W. Silen. Ann Surg 1985; 201:53-63). Intergroup comparisons were tested for significance using Chi-square analysis. RESULTS: The highest incidence of @entity39 was present in @entity30 control biopsies (53%), regardless of whether bacteria were present (or not) in cultures of replicate biopsies. Axonal @entity39 also occurred in more @entity31 and @entity1412 (regardless of biopsy site) that had positive bacterial cultures than in those that did not (p < 0.001). In addition, @entity39 was documented in 42% of the pouch biopsies from @entity31 and @entity1412 @entity1 , particularly in those pouches that were found to be inflamed by clinical criteria and that also had positive bacterial cultures of the biopsied tissues. Control biopsies from @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity1412 had significantly less @entity16 than pouch biopsies in the presence of positive cultures (p < 0.01). Among the clinically inflamed pouches biopsied in @entity31 or @entity1412 @entity1 , we found that none had damaged enteric nerves when bacterial cultures were negative (p < 0.005). If the presence of @entity39 alone was compared with the presence of undamaged enteric nerves in all biopsies from @entity1 with @entity31 , a highly significant number of @entity31 biopsies with @entity39 occurred in pouches (72%) compared with controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ultrastructural finding of @entity39 in @entity30 confirms previous studies. The presence of damaged enteric nerves in @entity1 with @entity5042 provides ultrastructural support to the clinical impression of similarities between @entity5042 and @entity30 . The association of damaged nerves and invasive bacteria in @entity5042 suggests mechanistic similarities for the pathogenesis of @entity30 that requires further investigation.

title: Axonal @entity39 of enteric autonomic nerves in continent ileal pouches. Possible implications for pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'axonal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis', 'familial polyposis biopsies']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The author undertook the experiments as described below in order to determine the preferential site of @entity4034 and possible effects of foreign bodies in the bone marrow on development of @entity281 . I) In the first experiment, @entity19 were inoculated with 10(7) cells of @entity794 intravenously into the tail vein and examined for the distribution and proliferation of the organisms in the bones, all over the body. It was found that the orgaisms in the blood stream were distributed to the bones all over the body almost evenly and that after prolonged observation, remarkable proliferation was noted in both femur and @entity2091 . This bacteriological fact was supported by roentgenographic examination of all the bones. II) In the second experiment, inoculation of @entity794 into the tail vein was made after a foreign body (No. 5 sterile silk thread of 3 mm in lenght) had been inserted into the proximal metaphysis of a @entity2091 of @entity19 . The @entity2091 of both legs was divided into 3 parts: proximal metaphysis, diaphysis and distal metaphysis. Observation were made for the distribution of organisms and state of proliferation in each of these three parts. In order to elucidate how the inserted foreign body promoted the establishment of @entity281 , the group inserted with silk thread was compared with the control group (un-inserted group). The following results were obtained: 1. Although after 2 weeks of inoculation, the foreign body exerted no influences on the distribution and proliferation of organisms, but it was experimentally demonstrated to play a very important role for retention of organisms and maintenance of @entity281 for a long @entity17989 . When the inoculum size was 10(6) to 10(7), the organisms were distributed evenly throughout the @entity2091 . However, in the diaphysis the organisms tended to disappear, while in the metaphyseal area the organisms were easy to proliferate. It was also shown that at least 10(5) of organisms were needed for the establishment of @entity281 and that the success or failure of establishment of @entity281 is determined usually within 24 hours after inoculation of the organisms. As described above, from this study it was demonstrated that the femur and @entity2091 were the preferential site of @entity4034 and that metaphyseal areas of the long bones were commonly affected. Once hematogenous invasion of organisms occurred, administration of antibiotics should be started as soon as possible, no later than 24 hours. According to our common experience, removal of foreign body is necessary for the complete cure of the injection.

title: [A study on experimental pyogenic XXXX . 1. The preferential site of @entity4034 . 2. The role of foreign body in @entity281 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['hematogenous osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: Since @entity12805 ( @entity12805 ) is a serious complication during labor in a gravida with @entity1566 , anesthetic measures should be taken for the suppression of @entity12805 even in a sensory-loss condition. Several reports have described various methods for the suppression of @entity12805 , in which epidural anesthesia has been advocated as a useful means for the prevention or amelioration of @entity12805 . However, it is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of epidural anesthesia due to the lack of sensory and motor functions. We report a primipara who had @entity1566 below the T 3 level at the age of 17 due to a traffic accident and underwent successful vaginal delivery twice under epidural anesthesia at the ages of 30 and 32. For the first delivery, we placed two epidural catheters. We controlled the rate and the content of epidural infusion through the two different injection sites so as to meet delivery process. For the second delivery we did epidural anesthesia in the same way. Tubal-ligation was also performed under epidural anesthesia after the second delivery. No major @entity2143 complication including @entity12805 occurred in either of delivery. The @entity1 with high @entity3510 could have two healthy @entity1 without major complications during labor by the cooperation of gynecologists and anesthesiologists.

title: [Labor management using epidural anesthesia in a gravida @entity1 with high XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'autonomic hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injury']


abstract: The purpose of this one-year cross-sectional study conducted in 1997 was to estimate the direct cost of @entity64 management in the Neurology Department of Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Data were collected about the type of care services required and related spending. Cost analysis was made in @entity3795 Francs (CFAF), the Senegalese currency (1 USD = 500 CFAF in 1997). A total of 1260 @entity1 were hospitalized in the department including 383 for @entity64 (30.4%). Mean age was 60.8 +/- 14.2 years and @entity1 accounted for 49.2% of the population. The mortality rate was 46.2% among hospitalized @entity1 . A total of 33,573 medical acts were carried out including 12,052 (35.9%) for @entity64 management. The direct cost of @entity64 management was 32,614,442 CFAF with a mean cost of 78,426 CFAF per @entity1 . The cost was 18,839 CFAF in the @entity1 care unit (57.8%) and 4,954,635 CFAF in the neuroradiology unit (15.2%). The cost of health care personnel was 19,373,172 CFAF (59.4%) and the cost for drugs and other medical products was 8,253,246 CFAF. Health education programs aimed at increasing awareness of risk factors are needed to reduce the cost of @entity64 management in this difficult economic period.

title: [Evaluation of the cost of XXXX management in Dakar, Senegal].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Lipoprotein(a) resembles low density lipoprotein in structure, except that a unique apolipoprotein (apo), apo(a), is linked to @entity755 . Variations in the number of sequence repeats in the apo(a) gene give rise to a range of isoforms. Depending on the method used, 6-30 apo(a) isoforms have been observed; however, the correspondence of these different isoforms has not been reported, making between-study comparisons difficult. In the present study we address this question by characterizing the apo(a) phenotypes of 48 sera using two previously reported separation methods, @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE, 3-12% gels) and @entity214 -agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, the molecular weight of each isoform was estimated using @entity2104 2-2 polymers as molecular weight standards. Among the 48 sera, 15 distinct apo(a) isoforms were separated by @entity214 -PAGE and 28 by @entity214 -agarose gel electrophoresis. There was excellent correlation between the two nomenclature systems (r = -0.97, p < 0.001, by rank correlation), and the ranges were totally overlapping, with the same two isoforms being identified as the largest and smallest by either method. The apparent molecular mass range for the isoforms was 294-624 kDa, which is in close agreement with the theoretical molecular mass range of 238-643 kDa, calculated from the sequence and @entity1735 content of recombinant apo(a). The disparity in number of isoforms between methods was expected, due to the poorer separation of apo(a) by @entity214 -PAGE; 3.1 +/- 1.7 (median, 2.0) @entity214 -agarose isoforms were combined for each @entity214 -PAGE isoform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Apolipoprotein (a): a comparison of isoforms identified by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis or by XXXX -agarose gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) has been proved as a screening investigation for @entity14 , but has disadvantages. Newer faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have many advantages, but yield higher positivity rates and are expensive. A two-tier reflex follow-up of gFOBT-positive individuals with a FIT before colonoscopy has been advocated as an efficient and effective approach. METHODS: A new simple and stable card collection FIT was evaluated. RESULTS: 1124 individuals who were gFOBT positive were asked to provide samples. 558 individuals participated, 320 refused and 246 did not return samples. No evidence of sampling bias was found. 302 individuals tested FIT negative and 256 tested positive. In the 302 FIT-negative individuals, 2 (0.7%) had @entity5 and 12 (4.0%) had large or multiple (high-risk) @entity6523 . In contrast, of 254 positive individuals, 47 (18.5%) had @entity5 and 54 (21.3%) had high-risk @entity1127 . 93 (30.8%) of the FIT-negative individuals had a normal colonoscopy, but only 34 (13.4%) of the FIT-positive individuals had no pathology. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (and 95% CIs) for @entity5 were 95.9% (84.8 to 99.3), 59.2% (54.7 to 63.5), 2.35 (2.08 to 2.65) and 0.07 (0.02 to 0.27), and for @entity5 and high-risk @entity1127 were 87.8% (80.1 to 92.9), 65.3% (60.6 to 69.7), 2.53 (2.19 to 2.93) and 0.19 (0.11 to 0.31), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A two-tier reflex screening algorithm, in which gFOBT-positive @entity1 are tested with a FIT, is effective in identifying individuals at high risk of significant @entity14 . This strategy is transferable across different FIT formats. This approach has been adopted for the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme.

title: Evaluation of a card collection-based faecal immunochemical test in screening for XXXX using a two-tier reflex approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is well recognized that @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) may experience impairments in addition to limited mobility, there has been little effort to study their relative importance to @entity1 with the condition. The objective of this study was to assess @entity1 preferences for addressing various @entity12280 . METHODS: This study was conducted at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. We developed a national online survey of @entity15 @entity1 and neurologists to estimate the value each group places on treating specific @entity12280 . Each respondent was presented with two randomly selected scenarios with different symptoms and treatments. @entity15 @entity1 were asked about their own preferences, whereas neurologists were asked to consider what a @entity1 of theirs would do or think in each scenario. We used a bidding game approach to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for the treatments. RESULTS: To treat mobility alone, WTP for @entity15 @entity1 averaged US 410-US 520 per month, depending on the scenario. For paired symptoms, @entity15 @entity1 would pay most to treat mobility and upper limb function (US 525/month) or mobility and cognition (US 514/month), somewhat less to treat mobility and eyesight (US 445/month), and least to treat mobility and fatigue (US 371/month). @entity1 WTP values increased with income and education. Neurologists believed their @entity1 would be willing to pay US 216-US 249 per month to treat mobility alone, depending on the scenario. For paired symptoms, neurologists believed @entity1 would pay most to treat mobility and fatigue (US 263/month) and least to treat mobility and upper limb function (US 177/month). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest @entity15 @entity1 may value one outcome (e.g., improved arm and hand coordination) over another (e.g., less fatigue). Further, @entity15 @entity1 and neurologists may rank the importance of treating various symptoms differently. Given this potential mismatch, it is crucial for @entity15 @entity1 and their clinicians to discuss treatment priorities that take into account @entity1 preferences.

title: Assessing the Value of Treatment to Address Various Symptoms Associated with XXXX : Results from a Contingent Valuation Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity12280 :: ('MESH:C566813', 'Disease') :: ['MS symptoms']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The production of Metallo-b-lactamases (MBLs) is one of the resistance mechanisms of @entity796 and Acinetobacter species. There is not much Indian data on the prevalence of MBLs in burns and surgical wards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 non-duplicate isolates of @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 and Acinetobacter species, isolated from pus/wound swabs and endotracheal secretions from burns and surgical wards, were tested for @entity13196 production by modified @entity9373 tetra @entity1543 ( @entity1098 ) disc synergy and double disc synergy tests. RESULTS: Prevalence of MBLs was 26.9% by both the above tests. All @entity13196 -positive isolates were multidrug resistant. Only 6.06% (2/33) @entity796 and 16.67% (1/06) Acinetobacter species were susceptible to @entity3400 - @entity7120 and @entity8727 , respectively. These @entity1 had multiple risk factors like >8 days hospital stay, catheterization, IV lines, previous antibiotic use, mechanical ventilation, etc. Graft application and surgical intervention were significant risk factors in @entity13196 -positive @entity1 . Overall mortality in @entity13196 -positive @entity1 was 34.21%. CONCLUSION: Emergence of @entity13196 -producing @entity796 and Acinetobacter species in this hospital is alarming, which reflect excessive use of carbapenems and at the same time, pose a therapeutic challenge to clinicians as well as to microbiologists. Therefore, a strict antibiotic policy and implementation of proper infection control practices will go a long way to prevent further spread of MBLs. Detection of MBLs should also become mandatory in all hospitals.

title: Prevalence and risk factors of Metallo b-lactamase producing XXXX and Acinetobacter species in burns and surgical wards in a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9373 :: ('MESH:C031234', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene diamine']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P.aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity8727 :: ('CHEBI:7528', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmycin']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: AIMS: @entity259 is an extracolonic manifestation that is present in about 1% to 2% of @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Less than 100 cases have been reported in detail. We have investigated the suggestion that @entity1412 associated @entity259 is significantly different morphologically from both papillary and follicular types and can be considered as a separate entity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specimens from three @entity1 with @entity1412 associated @entity5 , all but one having single nodules, have been analysed. All three @entity1 belonged to an extended kindred (23 siblings in four generations) who had genetic analysis and intensive screening for thyroid nodules. Seven @entity1 had the same @entity1412 mutation at codon 1061. Pathological examination revealed a typical @entity1377 , encapsulated variant, in all @entity1 , with follicular areas in one case. All thyroid specimens, in addition to histological and immunohistological examinations, were also specifically studied for activation of the RET-PTC oncogene, that seems to be restricted to @entity3557 . Two of the three @entity1 had RET-PTC activation ( @entity2750 isoform). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the @entity5 were certainly papillary, at least in the present kindred. Further studies in different families are required for a better understanding of this peculiar @entity5 and of its biological behaviour.

title: XXXX associated with @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'APC', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity734 is increasingly recognised as a serious, worldwide public health concern. There is a significant body of literature regarding @entity734 , but little is known about health professionals' beliefs about @entity734 . In addition, the intersection between health professionals' beliefs and abused @entity1 's views remains uninvestigated. We report on a two-phase, qualitative study using Critical Incident Technique (CIT) that aimed to explore community health professionals' beliefs about @entity734 and the issue of disclosure. We investigated this from the perspectives of both health professionals and abused @entity1 . The study took place in Scotland during 2011. The study was informed theoretically by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness (CSM). This model is typically used in disease-orientated research. In our innovative use, however, CSM was used to study the social phenomenon, @entity734 . The study involved semi-structured, individual CIT interviews with health professionals and focus groups with @entity1 who had experienced @entity734 . Twenty-nine health professionals (Midwives, Health Visitors and General Practitioners) participated in the first phase of the study. In the second phase, three focus groups were conducted with a total of 14 @entity1 . Data were analysed using a combination of an inductive classification and framework analysis. Findings highlight the points of convergence and divergence between abused @entity1 's and health professionals' beliefs about abuse. Although there was some agreement, they do not always share the same views. For example, @entity1 want to be asked about abuse, but many health professionals do not feel confident or comfortable discussing the issue. Overall, the study shows the dynamic interaction between @entity1 's and health professionals' beliefs about @entity734 and readiness to discuss and respond to it. Understanding these complex dynamics assists in the employment of appropriate strategies to support @entity1 post-disclosure.

title: Health professionals' beliefs about XXXX and the issue of disclosure: a critical incident technique study.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['domestic abuse disclosure', 'Domestic abuse', 'domestic abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['domestic abuse']


abstract: The immune recognition of a molecule naturally presented as a monomeric or an oligomeric structure is analyzed using the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit ( @entity3507 ) as a model. Indeed, @entity3507 circulates as either a free subunit or combined to the beta subunit (hCG-beta) to form the dimeric hCG hormone. A T cell study was performed in BALB/c ( @entity8022 ) @entity19 which were found to be high responders to @entity3507 . @entity19 were immunized with the free @entity3507 or the dimeric @entity34635 , and their lymph node cells were challenged in vitro with either alpha subunits from different species, hCG or peptides spanning the entire primary structure of @entity3507 . Proliferation and @entity1199 assays demonstrated that @entity3507 -primed lymph node cells responded equally well to @entity3507 and @entity34635 , suggesting that both the free and combined @entity3507 subunits are processed in a similar way. Among the various synthetic peptides used, only those mimicking the @entity3507 (59-92) C-terminus portion were able to stimulate @entity3507 -primed lymph node cells, demonstrating that this region contains immunodominant T cell recognition site(s). The @entity3507 (23-43) and (32-59) peptides, although incapable of stimulating T cells primed with @entity3507 , elicited a T cell response when used as immunogens. These regions encompassed cryptic epitopes which were not generated during @entity3507 processing in @entity8022 @entity19 . The T cell epitopes of @entity3507 above described as immunodominant or cryptic on the free alpha subunit, had similar characteristics when the alpha/beta dimer was used as the immunogen. In contrast, T cells primed with peptides mimicking immunodominant sites recognized differently the @entity3507 and the @entity3507 /beta antigens. Moreover, the analysis of the B cell response to all the immunogenic @entity3507 peptides indicated that they bear B and T cell epitopes as well. Antibodies elicited against the @entity3507 (59-92) or (32-59) peptide were capable of recognizing the alpha subunit in its free form but not in the alpha/beta hCG dimer. Such study deserves attention for the comprehensive mechanisms of the immune response to hCG as well as for the design of anti-hCG vaccines.

title: Immune recognition of a molecule naturally presented as a monomeric or an oligomeric structure: the model of the XXXX chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Marrow transplantation results in disease-free survival for less than one-third of @entity1 treated for @entity1778 . The objective of this report is to review results following allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of @entity1778 or @entity2590 at a single tertiary referral center to determine the @entity1 characteristics which lead to better survival and lower relapse. DESIGN AND METHODS: The medical records of 99 @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity2590 transplanted consecutively at the Fred @entity5 Research Center between 1971 and 1997 were reviewed. Prior to development of @entity1778 or @entity2590 , the @entity1 ' original diagnoses were @entity1583 , @entity5 , @entity2150 , or miscellaneous individual disorders previously treated by chemotherapy alone, radiation alone, chemoradiotherapy, or immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of transplantation, at each stage of @entity2590 the numbers of @entity1 were 52 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), 15 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 18 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 11 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ), 1 with @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), and 2 with hypoplastic unclassifiable @entity1503 . Sixty-five @entity1 received marrow from an HLA identical or partially identical family member, and 34 received marrow from an HLA identical unrelated donor after conditioning with chemotherapy and total body irradiation or chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival after transplantation for all @entity1 was 13%, and by stage of disease was 33% for @entity417 /RARS, 20% for @entity7139 , and 8% for @entity7139 / @entity3052 . The probability of relapse for all @entity1 was 47%, was 34% for @entity7139 , and 58% for @entity7139 / @entity3052 . None of the @entity1 with @entity417 /RARS has relapsed. The overall probability of non-relapse mortality was 78%, divided equally among infection or organ failure-related causes of @entity204 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The main impediments to long-term survival after transplantation for @entity1778 or @entity2590 are relapse and mortality from infections or organ failure. The survival is better when transplantation is done during the early stages of @entity2590 because it is then associated with a lower relapse rate. These data suggest that @entity1 at risk of secondary @entity2590 should be followed prospectively to detect the early stages of @entity2590 , and be considered for transplantation at that time.

title: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for @entity1778 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27487 :: ('MESH:D000756', 'Disease') :: ['ringed sideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with excess blasts in transition', 'refractory anemia with excess blasts', 'RAEB-T', 'RAEB']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Hutchinson Cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['secondary leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: We report definitive evidence for an effective interfacial tension between two types of miscible fluids using spinning-drop tensiometry (SDT). @entity19414 ( @entity21927 ) and water have an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of 26.3 degrees C. We created a drop of the @entity21927 -rich phase in the water-rich phase below the UCST and then increased the temperature above it. Long after the fluids have reached thermal equilibrium, the drop persists. By plotting the inverse of the drop radius cubed (r(-)(3)) vs the rotation rate squared (omega(2)), we confirmed that an interfacial tension exists and estimated its value. The transition between the miscible fluids remained sharp instead of becoming more diffuse, and the drop volume decreased with time. We observed droplet breakup via the Rayleigh-Tomotika instability above the UCST when the rotation rate was decreased by 80%, again demonstrating the existence of an effective interfacial tension. When pure @entity21927 was injected into water above the UCST, drops formed inside the main drop even as the main drop decreased in volume with time. We also studied @entity10439 in water below the solubility limit. Effective interfacial tension values measured over time were practically constant, while the interface between the two phases remains sharp as the volume of the drop declines. The effective interfacial tension was found to be insensitive to changes in temperature and always larger than the equilibrium interfacial tension. Although these results may not apply to all miscible fluids, they clearly show that an effective interfacial tension can exist and be measured by SDT for some systems.

title: Evidence for the existence of an effective interfacial tension between miscible fluids: XXXX -water and @entity10439 -water in a spinning-drop tensiometer.

entities_list: @entity19414 :: ('MESH:C020380', 'Chemical') :: ['Isobutyric acid']

answer: @entity19414 :: (MESH:C020380,Chemical) :: ['isobutyric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a comprehensive approach to evaluating @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 based on findings in the literature. STUDY DESIGN: A working group of gynecologist @entity2371 specialists was convened to consider principles on which consensus could be reached and to identify areas in which consensus is not yet possible. RESULTS: Chronic @entity2371 affects 15% of American @entity1 . The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the complaint may be influenced inordinately by the specialty of the practitioner to whom the @entity1 presents. A comprehensive approach to the complaint requires recognition of the multiple organ systems that may be involved. Evaluation of the @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 begins with a comprehensive history and physical examination, followed by selected laboratory and imaging studies. For those @entity1 in whom the evaluation does not yield a likely cause of the complaint, the empiric use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, oral contraceptives, and perhaps antibiotics or antispasmodics is indicated. @entity1 who fail to respond to empiric therapy should be considered highly likely to have @entity46 or @entity1870 . Further diagnostic (laparoscopy) or therapeutic ( @entity4396 agonist) interventions should be directed toward the high likelihood of @entity46 or @entity1870 . CONCLUSION: A comprehensive approach to chronic @entity2371 includes consideration of multiple organ systems, with empiric therapy appropriate after a thorough history and physical examination, to further delineate the @entity158 problem.

title: Evaluating chronic XXXX . A consensus recommendation. Pelvic Pain Expert Working Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) causes @entity3621 and @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) that may evolve to @entity356 . The objective of this study was to compare the profile of mucins in the progressive stages of @entity1534 infected pre-neoplastic and neoplastic @entity1 gastric epithelium. We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies with well-defined specificities of @entity5091 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 to characterize the expression pattern of mucins by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: RUT and ELISA were down for @entity1534 confirmation. @entity1 gastric biopsy sections were stained using immunohistochemistry with @entity5091 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 antibodies. RESULTS: @entity5089 was expressed in the superficial epithelium and the upper part of the @entity356 . @entity21826 expression was detected in the lower part of the gastric glands. @entity5091 was expressed in @entity1944 , mostly in goblet cells. The mucin expression profile in the progressive stages of @entity1534 infected @entity1 gastric epithelium allows the identification of @entity1944 , which is characterized by a decreased expression of the gastric mucins ( @entity5089 and @entity21826 ) and de novo expression of @entity5091 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results suggest that there is altered expression of @entity5089 and @entity21826 together with the aberrant expression of @entity5091 in @entity1944 , during the process of @entity356 . The present study indicates that the @entity5091 mucin expression pattern is a reliable marker of @entity1944 , which appears in the context of @entity1534 infected individuals.

title: Expression profile of mucins ( @entity5091 , XXXX and @entity21826 ) in @entity1534 infected pre-neoplastic and neoplastic @entity1 gastric epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['IM', 'intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric pits', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5089 :: (4586,Gene) :: ['MUC5AC']


abstract: Impulsive risk taking contributes to deleterious outcomes among clinical populations. Indeed, pathological impulsivity and risk taking are common in @entity1 with serious @entity1032 , and have severe clinical repercussions including novelty seeking, response disinhibition, @entity146 , and @entity734 . Thus, the current study seeks to examine self-reported impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale) and performance-based behavioral risk taking (Balloon Analogue Risk Task) in @entity162 and @entity161 . @entity1 included 68 individuals with @entity162 , 38 with @entity161 , and 36 healthy controls. Self-reported impulsivity was elevated in the bipolar group compared with @entity161 @entity1 and healthy controls, who did not differ from each other. On the risk-taking task, @entity161 @entity1 were significantly more risk averse than the bipolar @entity1 and controls. Aside from the diagnostic group differences, there was a significant effect of antipsychotic (AP) medication within the bipolar group: bipolar @entity1 taking AP medications were more risk averse than those not taking AP medications. This difference in risk taking because of AP medications was not explained by history of @entity716 . Similarly, the differences in risk taking between @entity161 and @entity162 were not fully explained by AP effects. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

title: Impulsivity and risk taking in @entity162 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity5 control, hearing preservation, and complication rates after frameless fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in @entity1 with @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ). METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 treated with fractionated SRS from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-five percent were treated with 25   Gy in five fractions, targeting a median @entity5 volume of 1.03   cc (range 0.14-7.60). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 4.25   years (range, 15   months-9   years), no @entity5 required an additional treatment resulting in 100% @entity5 control rate. Radiographic control rate was 91% in 32 @entity1 at a median follow-up of 3   years. Of the 14 @entity1 with serviceable hearing and with audiograms, the hearing preservation rate was 78% at a median follow-up of 18   months. Twenty-six @entity1 with serviceable hearing pretreatment, were evaluated by a phone survey with a hearing preservation rate of 73% at a 5   year median follow-up. There were two cases that developed both new increased trigeminal parasthesias and @entity2473 but there were no cases of @entity425 . @entity1 had 96% of good to excellent satisfaction rate with the treatment at a median follow-up of 5   years. CONCLUSION: Frameless fractionated SRS treatment of @entity5513 results in good rate of @entity5 control. Hearing preservation rate and rates of @entity129 are comparable to what is reported in the literature. @entity1 choose this modality because of its non-invasive nature and are generally very satisfied with their long term outcome.

title: Frameless fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX : a single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'VS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['facial spasms']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: Our aim was to assess the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and @entity323 by means of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 (SHIM) questionnaire. A total of 69 eligible @entity1 who were admitted to our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms were included in the study. A self administered questionnaire of IPSS and SHIM were given to @entity1 . Demographics and medical history data were recorded. Any risk factor that may be associated with @entity323 , including @entity453 , @entity6 , @entity101 , and smoking status, was determined in each @entity1 . Correlation tests were used to examine the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity323 by controlling the effects of age and comorbidities. Mean age was 58.6 +/- 13.1 31-86 years. Mean SHIM and IPSS total score was 14.3 +/- 7.5 and 11.5 +/- 8.1, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient between IPSS and SHIM scores was found to be -0.41. There was a significant negative correlation with IPSS total scores of moderate degree when both age and presence of risk factor was controlled (r = -0.31; p = 0.009). Storage symptom scores showed significant correlation with SHIM scores (r = -0.33; p = 0.000). The association between SHIM score and each item of IPSS showed significant correlation for urgency, straining and @entity2183 when age controlled. The degree of bother by LUTS as determined by the IPSS quality of life question was also correlated with SHIM scores; however, this correlation was not significant when age or risk factor for @entity2613 was controlled. The presence of LUTS especially storage symptoms is strongly associated with @entity323 independent of age and comorbidities.

title: Association between lower urinary tract symptoms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), there is a poor correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1  s (FEV1) and @entity1353 following bronchodilator use. Better correlations have been observed between inspiratory lung function parameters (ILPs) and @entity1353 , which drives our interest in ILPs. However, the acute and prolonged effects of long-acting bronchodilators and oral @entity288 on ILPs have not been well investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these treatments on the ILPs, FEV1, @entity1353 (visual analog  scale (VAS)) and clinical @entity1030 questionnaire (CCQ). METHODS: Twenty-eight stable @entity1030 @entity1 had their ILPs and FEV1 measured both before and 2  h after the use of a single dose of 18  mcg bronchodilator @entity5489 and 50  mcg @entity10453 . Thereafter, the @entity1 were randomized to 2 weeks of treatment with 30  mg oral @entity617 once daily or oral placebo in combination with daily treatment with these two bronchodilators. Four weeks after the cessation of the randomized treatment, the ILPs and FEV1 were again measured. After each intervention, any change in the VAS score was assessed. RESULTS: With both bronchodilators, significant improvements in ILPs were demonstrated (p  <  0.005), with the exception of changes in ILPs inspiratory capacity (IC) and forced inspiratory flow at 50% of the vital capacity (FIF50) after @entity5489 inhalation. After 2 weeks of treatment with @entity617 , significant differences were found for ILP forced inspiratory volume in 1  s (FIV1) and FEV1 compared with placebo. These differences were no longer present 4 weeks after the cessation of @entity617 . Significant relationships between ILPs and VAS scores were only found after 2 weeks of treatment with @entity617 or placebo. CONCLUSIONS: After a single dose of long-acting bronchodilator @entity10453 , significant improvements are observed in all ILPs and in FIV1 and PIF after @entity5489 . Two weeks of oral @entity228 treatment improved the FIV1 and FEV1. The @entity1353 VAS score was only significantly correlated with the ILPs after 2 weeks of oral corticosteroid treatment.

title: Effects of long-acting bronchodilators and XXXX on inspiratory lung function parameters in stable @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: @entity6592 is an indispensable condition for the diagnosis of @entity1691 according to the present criteria and is usually diagnosed on standard anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis. In cases with suspicious abnormalities (grade 1 of the New York criteria) CT permits the diagnosis since it shows a higher degree of @entity6592 . MRI is superior to CT in the early diagnosis as it can detect the cartilage abnormalities which precede bony changes. ' @entity75 ' with 'shiny corners', 'squaring' of the vertebral bodies, syndesmophytes, @entity1512 and @entity170 are the radiological findings of @entity1691 . The nonmarginal, asymmetric, coarse and broad syndesmophytes of @entity1511 and @entity1511 associated with @entity6104 resemble the flowing bone outgrowths of @entity5039 ( @entity5039 ). The @entity3057 and of the flavum ligament are rare manifestations of @entity1691 . Peripheral extra-articular @entity4932 is a clinical hallmark of seronegative @entity5145 . Plain film radiography shows erosions and spurs but only in advanced phases. US shows the swelling of the entheses and the peritendinous soft tissues and the distension of adjacent bursae by fluid collection. MRI shows the @entity32 of the bone adjacent to the insertion as well as the soft tissue changes. Dactylitis is another typical manifestation of seronegative @entity5145 . In the past it was thought to be due to concomitant @entity2762 and @entity625 . Recently, however, we have demonstrated with US and MRI that the 'sausage-like' appearance is due to the flexor @entity2762 and that joint capsule distension is not indispensable.

title: Seronegative XXXX : imaging of @entity1511 , @entity4932 and dactylitis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis', 'Sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Romanus lesions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5039 :: ('MESH:D004057', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis', 'DISH']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis', 'psoriatic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondylarthropathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Half of the population over 65 suffers from @entity25 . As a consequence, almost 40% of hypnotic medications are prescribed to @entity1 over age 60. Yet, hypnotics are often of little benefit in this population. As such, an effective non-drug alternative could prove important in the management of age-related @entity22 . The current study sought to evaluate the efficacy of bright light exposure in the treatment of @entity22 . DESIGN: Following baseline sleep and circadian rhythms assessment, subjects with sleep-maintenance @entity22 were treated with timed exposure to either bright white light or dim red light for 12 consecutive days. Sleep and circadian rhythms recordings were subsequently obtained and measures of sleep quality were compared to assess efficacy of the treatments. SETTING: Baseline and post-treatment sleep and circadian rhythms assessments took place in the Laboratory of @entity1 Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College. The treatment phase of the study was conducted in @entity1 ' homes. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 and @entity1 between the ages of 62 and 81 years were studied. All subjects were free of hypnotic medication, and all had experienced @entity25 for at least 1 year prior to entering the study. RESULTS: Exposure to bright light resulted in substantial changes in sleep quality. Waking time within sleep was reduced by an hour, and sleep efficiency improved from 77.5% to 90%, without altering time spent in bed. Increased sleep time was in the form of Stage 2 sleep, REM sleep, and slow wave sleep. The effects were remarkably consistent across subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of timed exposure to bright light in the treatment of age-related @entity22 . With further refinement of treatment regimens, this non-drug intervention may prove useful in a large proportion of sleep disturbed elderly.

title: Alleviation of XXXX with timed exposure to bright light.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Human', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance', 'chronic sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleep maintenance insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['sleep maintenance insomnia']


abstract: 1. The patch-clamp technique applied to the in vitro thin brain slice preparation was used to record voltage and current traces from visually identified neurons of the @entity35 dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( @entity18296 ). 2. The majority of @entity18296 neurons (102 of 159, i.e., 64%) showed a slowly developing hyperpolarization-activated current that had its threshold generally positive to resting potential and that exhibited a half-maximal activation at -90 mV and full saturation at -127 mV. The activation time constant was strongly voltage dependent, decreasing with hyperpolarization. 3. Ion substitution experiments identified the hyperpolarization-activated current as @entity11126 . In fact, the current was @entity972 - and @entity1372 -sensitive. Raising the extracellular @entity972 concentration from 3.75 to 20 mM increased the current peak amplitude in a voltage-dependent manner, whereas lowering extracellular @entity1372 concentration from 146 to 26 mM decreased the current peak amplitude with a shift of the activation threshold toward more hyperpolarized potentials. The @entity11126 was significantly reduced during perfusion with either external @entity5166 or @entity12310 but was insensitive to barium and @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ). 4. A subset of @entity18296 neurons (44 of 159, i.e., 28%) showed the presence of fast inward rectification but no @entity11126 . The current was activated at potentials close to the @entity972 equilibrium potential and reached steady state within 10 ms from the onset of the hyperpolarizing step. 5. Ion substitution experiments identified this hyperpolarization-activated current as IKIR. In fact, the current was @entity972 sensitive; its activation curve shifted toward less negative potentials with increasing @entity972 concentrations. IKIR was @entity1372 insensitive, being unaffected by the lowering of the external @entity1372 concentration. IKIR was significantly reduced during perfusion with @entity5166 , barium, and @entity1041 . 6. In the @entity18296 neuronal subpopulation expressing @entity11126 , the @entity11126 contribution to the total cell conductance was approximately 30% at -87 to -97 mV. Furthermore, the same subpopulation of neurons was hyperpolarized in a voltage-related manner on perfusion with 5 mM @entity5166 : at -57 mV, @entity5166 induced a hyperpolarization of 5.6 +/- 1.3 (SE) mV, whereas at -72 mV the @entity5166 -induced hyperpolarization was 26 +/- 4.4 mV. 7. Perfusion with 5 mM @entity5166 reduced the spontaneous firing rate of a subset of neurons exhibiting @entity11126 but @entity5166 never decreased the firing rate of neurons exhibiting IKIR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Hyperpolarization-activated currents, @entity11126 and IKIR, in XXXX dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to measure the success rate of unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection in @entity5770 . METHODS: This is an interventional case series of 55 @entity1 with @entity5770 (degree of deviation 15-85 @entity1726 ), above the age of 5 years. @entity1 were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan, during the period of July 2009 to March 2010. All the @entity1 underwent surgical procedure i.e., lateral rectus muscle recession (maximum up to 10 mm) and medial rectus muscle resection (up to 6 mm) of one eye, according to the Park's method. Surgery was done based on prism cover test measurements obtained at 6 m with appropriate optical correction in place. @entity1 were re evaluated at one day, one month, two months and six months post operatively. Final outcome was considered at the end of six months at which achievement of  <=10 @entity1726 of @entity5770 was the success. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS: We obtained success ( <=10 @entity1726 ) in 42 out of 55 @entity1 (76.4%) and 13 out of 55 @entity1 (23.6%) did not meet our criteria for surgical success (>10 @entity1726 ). Analysis of success with the type of @entity5770 showed that success was achieved in 22 out of 24 cases of intermittent type (91.6%) and 20 out of 31 cases of constant type (64.5%)(P Value 0.019). The highest percentage of success was achieved in @entity1 with the pre-operative deviation of  <=70 @entity1726 i.e., 93.3% (42 out of 45 cases), while none of the @entity1 with the pre-operative deviation of >70 @entity1726 (10 out of 10 cases) achieved the criteria for success. CONCLUSION: We conclude that pre-operative deviation is one of the strongest predictor for favorable surgical outcome. Therefore, eliminating the factors causing error in the correct determination of pre-operative deviation should improve the success and predictability of the surgical outcome. Despite the obstacles in the surgical management of strabismus, our results are encouraging.

title: Outcome of unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['primary exotropia', 'exotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['primary exotropia']


abstract: We identified and purified a new DNA polymerase (DNA polymerase IV), which is similar to @entity1 DNA polymerase beta, from @entity375 and suggested that it is encoded by YCR14C (POLX) on chromosome III. Here, we provided a direct evidence that the purified DNA polymerase IV is indeed encoded by POLX. Strains harboring a @entity47866 deletion mutation exhibit neither mitotic growth defect nor a meiosis defect, suggesting that DNA polymerase IV participates in nonessential functions in DNA metabolism. The deletion strains did not exhibit UV-sensitivity. However, they did show weak sensitivity to @entity10843 -treatment and exhibited a hyper-recombination phenotype when intragenic recombination was measured during meiosis. Furthermore, MAT alpha @entity47866 delta segregants had a higher frequency of illegitimate mating with a MAT alpha tester strain than that of wild-type cells. These results suggest that DNA polymerase IV participates in a double-strand break repair pathway. A 3.2kb of the @entity47866 transcript was weakly expressed in mitotically growing cells. During meiosis, a 2.2 kb @entity47866 transcript was greatly induced, while the 3.2 kb transcript stayed at constant levels. This induction was delayed in a @entity34099 delta strain during meiosis, while no effect was observed in a @entity34100 delta strain.

title: The XXXX @entity375 DNA polymerase IV: possible involvement in double strand break DNA repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several haematological @entity5 can be cured using allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Maximal tolerable chemoradiotherapy doses are given as part of the conditioning-regimen. This treatment causes substantial @entity137 , and the procedure is therefore restricted to @entity1 younger than 60 years without co-morbidity. Non-myeloablative allogeneic @entity8 , is a treatment modality that can be offered to @entity1 up to 70 years of age and to younger @entity1 with co-morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 21 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) with different haematological @entity5 , have been treated with non-myeloablative allogeneic @entity8 in our institution from October 2000 to May 2005. RESULTS: The transplant procedure was relatively non-toxic. Four @entity1 required transfusions and 3 required empirical antibiotic treatment, which is always necessary after myoablavative allogen @entity8 . A stable donor chimerism was achieved for most of our @entity1 before day 84. 11 @entity1 suffered from @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), 6 with debut of symptoms after day 100. 11 @entity1 developed chronic @entity2132 . 14 @entity1 are alive and 7 are dead; 2 due to transplant-related complications and 5 due to disease progression. INTERPRETATION: We have shown that non-myeloablative allogeneic @entity8 is feasible with an acceptable @entity137 . Acute and chronic @entity2132 is still a substantial problem. Prospective studies with adequate controls are warranted to determine the future role of non-myeloablative allogeneic @entity8 .

title: [Non-myeloablative allogeneic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft versus host disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case reports link antipsychotic drugs with @entity1164 , which is consistent with dose-related electrophysiologic effects. Because this association has not been confirmed in controlled studies, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in Tennessee Medicaid enrollees, which included many antipsychotic users; there were also computer files describing medication use and comorbidity. The study was conducted before the introduction of @entity1090 and, thus, did not include the newer atypical agents. METHODS: The cohort included 481,744 @entity1 with 1,282,996 @entity1 -years of follow-up. This included 26,749 @entity1 -years for current moderate-dose antipsychotic use (>100-mg @entity5957 equivalents), 31,864 @entity1 -years for current low-dose antipsychotic use, 37,881 @entity1 -years for use in the past year only, and 1 186,501 @entity1 -years for no use. The cohort had 1487 confirmed @entity1164 ; from these, we calculated multivariate rate ratios adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: When current moderate-dose antipsychotic use was compared with nonuse, the multivariate rate ratio was 2.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.77-3.22; P<.001). This was greater than that for current low-dose (rate ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.72; P=.003) and former (rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.58; P<.001) use. Among cohort members with severe @entity65 , current moderate-dose users had a 3.53-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.66-7.51) increased rate relative to comparable nonusers ( P<.001), resulting in 367 additional deaths per 10,000 @entity1 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 prescribed moderate doses of antipsychotics had large relative and absolute increases in the risk of @entity1164 . Although the study data cannot demonstrate causality, they suggest that the potential adverse cardiac effects of antipsychotics should be considered in clinical practice, particularly for @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: Antipsychotics and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac deaths', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics and the localization of isolated @entity132 due to left parietal lesions. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : Three referred @entity1 with isolated @entity132 due to @entity64 in the left parietal region. Sixteen volunteers for age and education constituted the control group. OUTCOME MEASURES: Neuropsychological tests, including a battery of tests for @entity1056 and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. RESULTS: Three @entity1 made calculation errors in the process where a number of steps were carried out simultaneously. The @entity1 showed no aphasic components in number operations. They understood the basic processes of calculation. They showed little difficulty in the retrieval of table values. The @entity1 had no impairment in aligning arithmetic problems or in assigning and maintaining place-holding values. They did not show any deficit of immediate memory for calculation problems. Overlapping lesions were located along the left intraparietal sulcus. CONCLUSION: The area lying along the left intraparietal sulcus is critical for isolated parietal @entity1056 . The profile of isolated @entity1056 suggests that it results from the disruption of the working memory for calculation.

title: XXXX due to left parietal lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['acalculia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['calculation disturbances']

answer: @entity1056 :: (MESH:D060705,Disease) :: ['Isolated acalculia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 during pregnancy is a relatively rare occurrence. To date there has been sparse clinical evidence about the safety of chemotherapy in this setting because the available data derive only from single-institution case reports. METHODS: Irinotecan and @entity1487 , as part of the FOLFIRI regimen, were administered to a 33-year-old pregnant @entity1 at an estimated gestational age of 23+ weeks. She had been diagnosed with @entity420 of the transverse colon with liver and lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Chemotherapy was administered from the 23+th to the 28+th week of gestational age. Chemotherapy was stopped because of disease progression. At 30 weeks' gestational age, the @entity1 underwent an emergency cesarean section and colon resection. She gave birth to a healthy male @entity1 with no particular problems in neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and nutritional function. At follow-up, the 13-month-old @entity1 had achieved all appropriate growth and developmental milestones. CONCLUSIONS: Our report demonstrates the safety of exposure to FOLFIRI for both mother and fetus. The absence of any abnormalities in the @entity1 makes irinotecan and @entity1487 a valid therapeutic option for @entity694 during pregnancy.

title: Irinotecan during pregnancy in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Binge drinking of @entity285 during adolescence is a serious public health concern with long-term consequences, including increased @entity158 , fear, and @entity148 . The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in processing @entity158 , fear, and @entity148 . The effects of adolescent binge drinking on gene expression in this region have yet to be studied. METHODS: Male adolescent @entity285 -preferring ( @entity7956 were exposed to repeated binge drinking (three 1-hour sessions/d during the dark/cycle, 5  days/wk for 3  weeks starting at 28  days of age; @entity1068 intakes of 2.5 to 3  g/kg/session). We used RNA sequencing to assess the effects of @entity1068 intake on gene expression. RESULTS: @entity1068 significantly altered the expression of 1,670 of the 12,123 detected genes: 877 (53%) decreased. In the @entity3264 system, 23 genes were found to be altered, including reduction in 7 of 10 genes for metabotropic and @entity3391 receptors. Subunit changes in the @entity3391 receptor may make it less sensitive to @entity1068 . Changes in GABAA genes would most likely increase the ability of the PAG to produce tonic inhibition. Five @entity750 receptor genes, 6 @entity934 receptor genes, and 4 @entity8959 receptor genes showed decreased expression in the @entity285 -drinking @entity35 . Opioid genes (e.g., Oprk1, Oprm1) and genes for neuropeptides linked to @entity148 and @entity146 (e.g., Npy1r) had mostly decreased expression. Genes for 27 @entity972 , 10 @entity1372 , and 5 @entity460 ion channels were found to be differentially expressed. Nine genes in the @entity165 synthesis pathway had decreased expression, including Hmgcr, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme. Genes involved in the production of myelin also had decreased expression. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that binge @entity285 drinking during adolescence produces developmental changes in the expression of key genes within the PAG; many of these changes point to increased susceptibility to @entity158 , fear, and @entity148 , which could contribute to excessive drinking to relieve these negative effects.

title: Gene Expression Changes in @entity3264 and GABA-A Receptors, Neuropeptides, Ion Channels, and @entity165 Synthesis in the Periaqueductal Gray Following Binge-Like @entity285 Drinking by Adolescent @entity285 -Preferring ( XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['panic behaviors']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity7956 :: (34854,Species) :: ['P) Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 are at high risk for developing @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Noninvasive anatomic assessment by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is being increasingly used for detecting or excluding @entity453 . Recently, fractional flow reserve (FFR) using routinely acquired CCTA datasets (FFRCT) has been developed. Although intensive glycemic control can reduce the risk of microvascular complications, intensive @entity413 control does not seem to be beneficial in preventing major cardiovascular events when compared with standard therapy. However, it has been reported that @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibitors have anti-atherogenic effects in an animal model. In addition, @entity5735 inhibitors attenuate the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Therefore, this study will be performed to evaluate the effects of @entity45702 , a @entity5735 inhibitor, on @entity453 using FFRCT in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS AND DESIGN: This study will be a prospective, non-randomized, multicenter trial performed in Japan. @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who have intermediate @entity3979 (diameter stenosis <70%) as evaluated by CCTA will be treated with 25mg/day of @entity45702 . After 48 weeks' treatment, CCTA will be repeated. The primary endpoint will be changes in FFRCT, and the secondary endpoint will be the change in plaque volume from baseline to the 48-week follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study will be the first multicenter trial to evaluate the effects of @entity45702 on @entity453 using the newly developed FFRCT as the primary endpoint, and the findings will clarify the anti-atherogenic effects of @entity45702 .

title: Effects of @entity45702 on fractional flow reserve evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX : Rationale and design of the TRACT study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity45702 :: ('MESH:C520853', 'Chemical') :: ['alogliptin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 is a @entity262 with unknown etiopathogenesis. @entity738 that do not undergo @entity39 and @entity528 are distinctive for this disease. Mostly it is connected with young adults, more frequently females than males, and changes are mainly situated in the lymph nodes of the pulmonary hilus and @entity358 . Somatotropin release inhibiting hormone receptors could be located in epithelioid and giant cells that create sarcoidal tubercles and lymph nodes. Aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of a single photon emission tomography (SPECT) for an evaluation of the range of sarcoidal changes in the chest after using a receptor tracer. An assumption was made that scintigraphy with the use of @entity45866 could help with location of extrapulmonary @entity370 focuses. MATERIAL/METHODS: Authors present five @entity1 with clinically recognized and histopathologically confirmed @entity370 . @entity1 were given @entity45866 and underwent SPECT of chest. The results were compared with X-rays of these @entity1 chests and with the accumulation of radiotracer in 2 other @entity1 with @entity4303 without visible pathological changes in examination. @entity1 got an intravenous injection of 500 MBq (14mCi) @entity45866 . SPECT of chest together with a "whole body" examination, was performed after 2 hours and 24 hours. RESULTS: Higher radiotracer accumulation was observed in all @entity1 in the area of some chest lymph nodes, in pulmonary tissue in 3 @entity1 and in other groups of lymph nodes in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Emission Tomography of the chest with the use of receptor radiotracer ( @entity45866 ) can be a crucial complement of @entity370 diagnostics in an evaluation of the extent of lung changes together with an estimation of @entity764 .

title: A single photon emission computed tomography of the chest with the use of receptor radiotracer ( XXXX ) in @entity370 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and multiorgan disease']

entities_list: @entity45866 :: ('MESH:C444119', 'Chemical') :: ['Tc-99m-Depreotide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest lymph nodes abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['caseous degeneration']

answer: @entity45866 :: (MESH:C444119,Chemical) :: ['Tc-99m-Depreotide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the clinical efficacy of @entity2213 in @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and to identify the molecular basis of response/nonresponse to this agent. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity146 were treated with @entity2213 (800 mg/d) as part of a phase II clinical study. Tumor specimens were analyzed for mutations of KIT, @entity675 , @entity3820 , and @entity3546 ( @entity3546 ). Tumor expression of total and activated KIT, @entity675 , and @entity3820 were assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques. We also measured plasma levels of PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB in @entity1 and normal @entity1 controls. RESULTS: Three of 19 @entity1 (15.7%) had a partial response to treatment, with four additional @entity1 having stable disease that lasted more than 1 year (overall 1 year @entity5 control rate of 36.8%). No mutations of KIT, @entity675 , or @entity3820 were found. Sixteen of 19 @entity1 (84%) had mutations involving the WNT pathway ( @entity1412 or @entity3546 ). However, there was no correlation between WNT pathway mutations and clinical response to @entity2213 . @entity146 expressed minimal to null levels of KIT and @entity675 but expressed levels of @entity3820 that are comparable with normal fibroblasts. However, @entity3820 phosphorylation was not detected, suggesting that @entity3820 is only weakly activated. @entity146 @entity1 had elevated levels of PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB compared with normal @entity1 controls. Notably, the plasma level of PDGF-BB was inversely correlated with time to treatment failure. CONCLUSION: @entity2213 is an active agent in the treatment of advanced @entity146 . @entity2213 response in @entity146 @entity1 may be mediated by inhibition of @entity3820 kinase activity.

title: Clinical and molecular studies of the effect of XXXX on @entity146 (desmoid tumor).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['advanced aggressive fibromatosis', 'AF tumors', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Yam (Dioscorea) has been used to treat menopausal symptom folklorically. This study was to investigate the effects of yam ingestion on lipids, antioxidant status, and sex hormones in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-four apparently healthy postmenopausal @entity1 were recruited to replace their staple food ( @entity579 for the most part) with 390 g of yam (Dioscorea alata) in 2 of 3 meals per day for 30 days and 22 completed the study. Fasting blood and first morning urine samples were collected before and after yam intervention for the analyses of blood lipids, sex hormones, urinary @entity172 metabolites and oxidant stress biomarker. The design was a one arm, pre-post study. A similar study of postmenopausal @entity1 (n = 19) fed 240 g of sweet potato for 41 days was included as a control study. Serum levels of @entity1815 , @entity53 and @entity443 were analyzed for this control group. RESULTS: After yam ingestion, there were significant increases in serum concentrations of @entity1815 (26%), @entity443 ( @entity443 ) (9.5%), and near significant increase in @entity53 (27%). No significant changes were observed in serum concentrations of @entity9027 , @entity2671 , @entity251 , follicular stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Free @entity342 index estimated from the ratio of serum concentrations of total @entity251 to @entity443 decreased. Urinary concentrations of the genotoxic metabolite of @entity172 , @entity23283 decreased significantly by 37%. Plasma @entity165 concentration decreased significantly by 5.9%. Lag time of low-density lipoprotein oxidation prolonged significantly by 5.8% and urinary @entity10329 levels decreased significantly by 42%. For the control subjects fed with sweet potato, all three hormone parameters measured were not changed after intervention. CONCLUSION: Although the exact mechanism is not clear, replacing two thirds of staple food with yam for 30 days improves the status of sex hormones, lipids, and antioxidants. These effects might reduce the risk of @entity0 and @entity65 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Estrogenic effect of yam ingestion in healthy postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity23283 :: ('MESH:C026702', 'Chemical') :: ['16alpha-hydroxyestrone']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: To many nonsurgeons myotomy is considered an excessively invasive treatment for @entity1318 and has become a salvage procedure when esophageal dilation and botulinum toxin (botox) injections fail. We sought to examine our experience with videoscopic Heller myotomy to determine whether preoperative therapy predicts perioperative complications and long-term outcome. Videoscopic Heller myotomy was undertaken in 111 @entity1 with @entity1318 between June 1992 and May 2000. Intraoperative endoscopy was used in all @entity1 . Fundoplication was used selectively for @entity1 with large @entity357 or as part of repair of esophageal perforation. @entity1 were asked to grade their @entity1282 and @entity304 before and after myotomy on a scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe symptoms). @entity1 were also asked to rate their outcome as excellent (no symptoms), good (greatly improved), fair (slightly improved), or poor (not improved) compared with their preoperative status. @entity1 were stratified on the basis of preoperative intervention (botox, @entity384 , botox and @entity384 , or no @entity384 ) and compared. Previous @entity384 and/or botox injection had been undertaken before operation in 88 (79%) @entity1 whereas 23 (21%) @entity1 had no invasive preoperative therapy. The overall mean preoperative @entity1282 score was 4.8+/-0.8 and mean preoperative reflux score was 3.3+/-2.1. Groups of @entity1 undergoing preoperative interventions were similar to those @entity1 not undergoing preoperative interventions in terms of preoperative symptoms, @entity1282 scores, and reflux scores. @entity260 (13%) and perforations (8%) were slightly more common in @entity1 who had undergone preoperative @entity384 (P = not significant). Subjectively, operative myotomy was more difficult in @entity1 who had preoperative @entity384 . @entity1 had significant improvement in @entity1282 , @entity1282 score, reflux score, emesis/ regurgitation, and @entity662 (P < 0.05) regardless of preoperative intervention. After myotomy @entity1 who had never undergone botox or @entity384 were less likely to have mild @entity1282 compared with those with previous botox injections (30% vs 53%; P = 0.09), previous dilations (30% vs 54%; P = 0.09), or both (30% vs 59%; P = 0.04). As well, @entity1282 scores were better if no preoperative therapy had been undertaken: botox 0.8+/-1.3, dilation 1.0+/-1.4, botox and dilation 1.0+/-1.3, and no therapy 0.3+/-0.7 (P < 0.05). Overall 97 per cent of @entity1 stated that their symptoms were improved although more @entity1 tended to have excellent or good outcomes if no preoperative intervention was undertaken (91%) compared with @entity1 undergoing preoperative botox (86%), dilation (83%), or both (82%) (P = not significant). We conclude that videoscopic Heller myotomy is safe and efficacious particularly in @entity1 who have not undergone previous endoscopic interventions. The difference in @entity1 ' outcomes based on preoperative therapy may be related to a less difficult operation in @entity1 who forgo endoscopic therapy and elect to undergo early myotomy. Although videoscopic Heller myotomy provides good outcomes as a salvage procedure after failed dilations and/or botox injections for @entity1318 we advocate it as first-line therapy in reasonable operative candidates.

title: Videoscopic heller myotomy as first-line therapy for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic dilation', 'botox or dilation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernias']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective phase II study evaluated @entity137 , relapse rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival after allogeneic transplantation and conditioning with @entity3118 , @entity3601 , and alemtuzumab in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive adults with @entity3052 and @entity2590 were enrolled onto the study. Median age was 52 years (range, 17 to 71 years) and the majority of @entity1 had high-risk disease, comorbidities, and/or modest reduction in performance status. Fifty-six percent of @entity1 had unrelated or mismatched related donors. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 2 to 34 months), 1-year survival was 48% (95% CI, 34% to 61%), progression-free survival was 38% (95% CI, 25% to 52%), relapse rate was 27% (95% CI, 15% to 40%), and treatment-related mortality was 33% (95% CI, 20% to 46%). The cumulative probability of extensive @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was only 18% (95% CI, 8% to 40%); extensive chronic @entity2132 was only observed in recipients of unrelated donor transplants. Performance score and disease status were the major predictors of outcome. High-risk disease (ie, active @entity3052 or @entity2590 with > 5% blasts) or even modest decreases in performance status were associated with poor outcomes. @entity1 with @entity1778 (first or second complete remission) or @entity2590 (< 5% blasts) had excellent outcomes despite unfavorable disease characteristics. CONCLUSION: @entity3118 and @entity3601 combined with in vivo alemtuzumab is a promising transplantation regimen for @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 and @entity5 burden. For @entity1 with active disease, this regimen provides at best modest palliation. Despite a low incidence of @entity2132 , transplantation is still associated with considerable nonrelapse mortality in @entity1 with decreased performance status.

title: @entity3118 , @entity3601 , and alemtuzumab conditioning in adults with standard-risk advanced XXXX and @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low tumor']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['standard-risk leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral @entity172 alone (EA) decreases concentrations of total @entity442 while increasing @entity10116 , but data on other IGF-related peptides are inconsistent and/or sparse. Combined oral @entity172 and progestin (EP) may have differential effects on IGF-related peptides dependent on its progestin-associated androgenic activity. The aim of this study was to clarify these relationships, as circulating IGF-related peptides are potential surrogates of predisposition to common @entity102 . DESIGN: Using an open-labelled cross-sectional design within a @entity5 screening trial (aged 55-64 years), we determined total @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10513 and @entity2301 in fasted serum from 210 healthy @entity1 and free @entity442 (by ultrafiltration), insulin, @entity10116 and @entity10116 : @entity442 binary complex in a selected subset of 92 @entity1 . Unadjusted and adjusted (using generalized linear models) means were compared. RESULTS: Among EA users, mean concentrations for total @entity442 (adjusted P=0.004) and free @entity442 (P<0.001) were reduced, whereas mean concentrations of @entity10116 (P=0.001) and binary complex (P=0.01) were increased compared with non-users. Taken as a whole group, EP use was not associated with differences in concentrations of IGF-related peptides, but on sub-group analyses, mean concentrations associated with the use of @entity7828 with reduced androgenic activity reflected the use of EA. By contrast, mean @entity10513 concentrations were significantly reduced among both EA (P=0.008) and EP (P=0.002) users, irrespective of androgenic activity. Neither EA nor EP influenced mean concentrations of @entity5100 , insulin and @entity2301 . CONCLUSIONS: The uses of oral sex @entity134 replacements are associated with significant changes in several IGF-related analytes in a preparation-specific manner, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms. However, the directions of these changes do not fit simple correlative models of predisposition to common diseases.

title: The effects of sex XXXX replacement therapy on an expanded panel of IGF-related peptides.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity5 of the oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) and stomach remains a major health problem worldwide. The evidence base for the optimal management of @entity1 with operable oesophago- @entity356 is evolving. Accepted approaches include preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery ( @entity5 ), chemo-radiotherapy alone ( @entity5 ) and perioperative chemotherapy ( @entity356 ). The underlying principles behind neoadjuvant therapy are to improve resectability of the @entity5 by @entity5 shrinkage/downstaging and to treat occult metastatic disease as early as possible. The response rate to cytotoxic therapy is about 40% in oesophago- @entity356 . Available evidence suggests that a favourable histopathological response to cytotoxic therapy may be a useful positive predictive @entity356 . However, the ability to predict @entity5 response in routine clinical practice is difficult and is an area of intense investigation. There is evolving evidence for the role of predictive biomarkers in @entity5 in particular. We provide an overview on the current status of radiological and biological predictive biomarkers. We have focussed on clinical translational investigations and, where appropriate, provided pre-clinical insights. Whether predictive markers will be routinely incorporated in clinical practice remains to be seen as biomarker research is expensive and the data generated from these investigations are complex. It is clear that a concerted international effort between academia and industry is critical if personalised medicine as a practical reality for our @entity5 @entity1 is to be realised.

title: Biomarkers of response to therapy in oesophago- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'cancer in general and oesophago-gastric cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'marker in oesophago-gastric cancer', 'gastric and gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The requirement for @entity1961 (+) Th cells in the cross-priming of antitumor CTL is well accepted in @entity5 immunology. Here we report that the requirement for T cell help can be replaced by local production of @entity2304 at the vaccine site. Experiments using @entity19 in which @entity1961 (+) T cells were eliminated, either by Ab depletion or by gene knockout of the MHC class II beta-chain ( @entity8200 KO), revealed that priming of therapeutic CD8(+) effector T cells following vaccination with a @entity2304 -transduced B16BL6-D5 @entity5 cell line occurred independently of @entity1961 (+) T cell help. The adoptive transfer of CD8(+) effector T cells, but not @entity1961 (+) effector T cells, led to complete regression of pulmonary metastases. Regression of pulmonary metastases did not require either host T cells or NK cells. Transfer of CD8(+) effector T cells alone could cure wild-type animals of systemic @entity5 ; the majority of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 survived long term after treatment (>100 days). In contrast, adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells to @entity5 -bearing @entity8200 KO @entity19 improved survival, but eventually all @entity8200 KO @entity19 succumbed to @entity3 . WT @entity19 cured by adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells were resistant to @entity5 challenge. Resistance was mediated by CD8(+) T cells in @entity19 at 50 days, while both @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) T cells were important for protection in @entity19 challenged 150 days following adoptive transfer. Thus, in this @entity5 model @entity1961 (+) Th cells are not required for the priming phase of CD8(+) effector T cells; however, they are critical for both the complete elimination of @entity5 and the maintenance of a long term protective antitumor memory response in vivo.

title: Divergent roles for XXXX + T cells in the priming and effector/memory phases of adoptive immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']