abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In 100 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery because of soft @entity890 , the sagittal and transverse diameters, the area of the bony cervical spinal canal, the sagittal diameter of the @entity547 , and the minimal bony intervertebral foramen diameter were measured by computed tomography. The data were compared with measurements from a control group of 35 matched healthy individuals. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation between the severity of concurrent @entity16 and the sagittal and transverse diameters, the cross-sectional area of the bony spinal canal, the sagittal diameter of the @entity547 , and diameter of the minimal bony intervertebral foramen in @entity1 with soft @entity890 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity130 and spondylotic changes have a far greater impact on the spinal cord and nerve roots if the sagittal diameter of the bony cervical spinal canal is small. However, in the case of soft @entity890 , no computer tomographic measurements are available for sagittal and transverse diameters, cross-sectional area of the bony spinal canal, sagittal diameter of the @entity547 , and diameter of the minimal bony intervertebral foramen in relation to the severity of concurrent @entity16 . METHODS: Computed tomography was used to measure sagittal and transverse diameters, cross-sectional area of the bony cervical spinal canal, sagittal diameter of the @entity547 , and diameter of the minimal bony intervertebral foramen in 100 @entity1 with symptomatic monosegmental cervical soft disc herniation. All @entity1 had undergone an anterior discectomy with removal of the @entity547 and subsequent interbody fusion using an autologous bone graft taken from the iliac crest. RESULTS: A mean sagittal diameter of the bony cervical spinal canal of 12.9 mm was found, indicating a certain degree of developmental @entity850 . @entity1 with motor disturbances had a significantly smaller sagittal diameter of the bony spinal canal than did @entity1 without motor disturbances. There was a linear correlation between the sagittal diameter of the bony cervical spinal canal and that of the @entity547 . The sagittal diameter, the area of the bony spinal canal, and diameter of the minimal bony intervertebral foramen were significantly smaller in @entity1 with soft @entity890 than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study strongly suggest that the degree and severity of @entity16 accompanying cervical soft disc herniation are inversely related to the sagittal diameter and the area of the bony cervical spinal canal. The latter area is reduced in cases of developmental @entity850 or because of soft disc herniation. Moreover, @entity1 with soft @entity890 have a significantly smaller sagittal diameter of the bony spinal canal, a significantly smaller minimal bony intervertebral foramen diameter, and a significantly smaller cross-sectional area of the bony cervical canal than do healthy matched individuals.

title: Soft XXXX . Influence of cervical spinal canal measurements on development of @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic injury']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['cervical disc herniation']


abstract: AIM: To assess the outcomes of @entity384 with different sized balloons to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 208) were divided into five groups based on the largest CBD stone size of < 5, 6-8, 8-12, 12-14, and > 14 mm. @entity1 underwent limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) alone or limited EST followed by @entity384 with 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm balloons, such that the size of each balloon did not exceed the size of the CBD. Short- and long-term outcomes, such as post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) @entity788 , perforation, @entity548 , and pneumobilia were compared among the five groups. RESULTS: The overall rate of successful stone removal in all groups was 100%, and all @entity1 were cured. Eight (3.85%) @entity1 had post-ERCP @entity788 , none had perforations, and 6 (2.9%) had @entity548 requiring transfusion. There were no significant differences in early complication rates among the five groups. We observed significant correlations between increased balloon size and the short- and long-term rates of post-ERCP pneumobilia. Post-ERCP @entity788 and @entity548 correlated significantly with age, with post-ERCP @entity788 occurring more frequently in @entity1 aged < 60 years, and @entity548 occurring more frequently in @entity1 aged > 70 years. We observed a significant correlation between @entity1 age and the diameter of the largest CBD stone, with stones > 12 mm occurring more frequently in @entity1 > 60 years old. CONCLUSION: Choosing a balloon size based on the largest stone diameter is safe and effective for removing CBD stones. Balloon size should not exceed 15 mm.

title: XXXX with different sized balloons to remove common bile duct stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic papillary balloon dilation', 'ampulla dilation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Ampulla dilation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical characteristics of maternal and neonatal outcome among @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ) during pregnancy. METHODS: Our computerized database was used to identify @entity1 with @entity64 during pregnancy and puerperium from January 1988 to March 2004. Their medical records were identified and reviewed. RESULTS: There were 16 cases of @entity64 among 173,803 deliveries, giving a risk of almost one case per 10,000 pregnant @entity1 . Out of 16 @entity1 , 14 (88%) had a @entity64 and the remaining two cases were diagnosed with @entity49 . Of those 14 cases, nine (64%) had @entity63 strokes and five (36%) had @entity64 . Ten of the CVAs occurred antepartum, two intrapartum and four postpartum. @entity101 were diagnosed in 75% (12/16) of the @entity1 . Out of these 12 @entity1 with @entity101 , 9 (75%) suffered from @entity1468 . One @entity1 had a history of chronic @entity101 . Smoking was associated with 63% (10/16) of the cases. There were two maternal deaths, both in @entity1 who had @entity64 , and both in the first half of the study (1994 and 1996). Nine out of 16 @entity1 (56%), were delivered within 48 hours of the @entity64 including 7 (78%) antepartum, and two (22%) intrapartum. Cesarean deliveries were performed in 11/16 @entity1 (69%) including 8/10 with CVAs occurring antepartum, 1/2 intrapartum and 2/4 postpartum. One case of neonatal mortality was identified in a @entity1 who was delivered at 24 gestational weeks. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity101 and smoking were the most important factors associated with @entity64 during pregnancy. (2) Maternal mortality was high among @entity1 with @entity64 during pregnancy. (3) Neonatal outcome was considered generally good in cases of @entity64 .

title: Maternal and neonatal outcome following XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']


abstract: The effects of hydrostatic pressure on cardiac conduction and excitability were studied in 39 @entity95 right atrial preparations. Increases in pressure significantly increased atrial conduction time, i.e., 41% at 150 ATA. Excitability, determined from strength-duration (S-D) curves, was @entity308 by pressure. The slope constant of the S-D curve increased 64% at 150 ATA. Rheobase and the X-asymptote were not affected significantly. The @entity308 of excitability partially accounted for the slowed conduction. Frequency stress and pressure had an additive effect to produce even greater decreases in excitability and increases in conduction time. Atrial refractoriness to premature stimuli also increased as a function of pressure. @entity3810 (2.5 ATA) partially reversed the effects of 150 ATA of pressure on conduction time and excitability. The results suggest that pressure acts by altering basic functional components of the myocardial cell membrane. Some of these changes, particularly when combined with frequency stress, i.e., rapid heart rate, may pose a serious threat to @entity1 exposed to hyperbaric environments.

title: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on conduction and excitability in XXXX atria.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 after cervical oesophagogastrostomy is a common and difficult problem. Mediastinal manifestation of @entity834 may lead to @entity1764 with dramatic and potentially lethal outcome. Contamination of the mediastinum can be controlled by endoscopic placement of an expandable metal stent. We present two cases of severe @entity548 after @entity1764 manifestation of @entity834 in @entity1 with and without expandable metal stent (EMS). CASES: This case report describes two cases of severe @entity548 after thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy with cervical oesophagogastrostomy. The recovery of both @entity1 was complicated by @entity834 with @entity1764 manifestation. In one case, 11 days after placement of an EMS for @entity834 a @entity548 occurred in the cervical wound. Angiography during surgery showed contrast leakage in the aortic arch. Despite sternotomy and endovascular catheterization, there were no surgical options to treat this condition and the @entity1 died of exsanguination. In the other case the @entity1 presented with severe hematemesis 11 days after surgery. Shortly after this hematemesis the @entity1 became hemodynamic instable. The @entity1 was taken to the operation theatre, but before any intervention could take place resuscitation was needed and the @entity1 died of exsanguination. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity548 is a rare and potentially lethal complication after esophagectomy. This condition is related to @entity834 with @entity1764 manifestation. Awareness of this potentially lethal complication is important for early recognition and treatment of this condition. The role of endoscopic stenting of the cervical @entity254 is controversial and potentially dangerous.

title: Early severe @entity1764 XXXX after esophagectomy: a potentially lethal complication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal', 'mediastinitis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: Metabolic disturbances are quite common in critically ill @entity1 . Glycemic control appears to be an important adjuvant therapy in such @entity1 . In addition, @entity4977 are associated with worse prognoses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that two different glycemic control protocols have on lipid profile and metabolism. METHODS: We evaluated 63 @entity1 hospitalized for severe @entity295 or @entity326 , over the first 72 h of intensive care. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive conservative glycemic control (target range 140   180 mg/dl) or intensive glycemic control (target range 80   110 mg/dl). Serum levels of lowdensity lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, @entity1674 , total @entity165 , free @entity1718 , and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were determined. RESULTS: In both groups, serum levels of low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total @entity165 were below normal, whereas those of free @entity1718 , @entity1674 , and oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein were above normal. At 4 h after admission, free @entity844 levels were higher in the conservative group than in the intensive group, progressively decreasing in both groups until hour 48 and continuing to decrease until hour 72 only in the intensive group. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels were elevated in both groups throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Free @entity1718 respond to intensive glycemic control and, because of their high @entity137 , can be a therapeutic target in @entity1 with @entity295 .

title: Dyslipidemia: a prospective controlled randomized trial of intensive glycemic control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of lipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Injection of @entity1 @entity8885 in intact normal @entity19 has positive and negative effects on myelopoiesis. Within 6 h postinjection, peripheral @entity4795 can be demonstrated. However, bone marrow and spleen cells capable of inhibiting CFU-granulocyte macrophage proliferation are detected between 6 and 48 h postinjection. These myelopoietic suppressor cells belong to the monocytic lineage and are identical to inhibitory cells induced by @entity1421 . Treatment of @entity19 with @entity3352 , a PG synthesis inhibitor, completely blocked the generation of @entity634 -induced myelopoietic suppressor cells, and significantly enhanced femoral and @entity7419 proliferation after a single injection of 0.4 microgram/ @entity19 @entity5003 . The peripheral blood @entity4795 observed within 6 h after @entity5003 injection was delayed to 18 to 24 h postinjection in @entity3352 -pretreated @entity19 . In @entity19 treated with four consecutive daily injections of 0.4 microgram @entity5003 , a sustained peripheral @entity4795 was observed. @entity5003 had little effect on femoral CFU-GM in these animals, however, @entity7419 was increased 7- to 10-fold by 4 to 7 days postinjection. In @entity5003 plus @entity3352 -treated @entity19 , sustained peripheral @entity4795 was observed although to a lesser degree than with @entity5003 alone. @entity236 were relatively unaffected, however, @entity7419 were increased by 27-fold. These results indicate that the in vivo administration of @entity5003 results in @entity4795 and generation of myelopoietic suppressive effects, mediated by cyclo-oxygenase pathway products. Blockade of PG synthesis by using the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor @entity3352 abrogates the myelopoietic suppressive effects associated with @entity5003 administration and optimizes its myelopoietic stimulatory capacity. The inclusion of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor may have significant relevance to the clinical use of @entity5003 .

title: Blockade of prostaglandin biosynthesis in intact XXXX dramatically augments the expansion of committed myeloid progenitor cells (colony-forming units-granulocyte, macrophage) after acute administration of recombinant @entity1 IL-1 alpha.

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Marrow CFU-GM']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity7419 :: ('MESH:C562602', 'Disease') :: ['splenic CFU-GM']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity130 are a major public health problem in Italy. From a study conducted in 1984, injury rates were found to be higher in Trieste, in the north-east of the country, than in other Italian areas. We conducted a new study to evaluate whether injury rates and patterns have changed in Trieste. There are three emergency rooms (ER) in Trieste. We collected and analyzed information on all injured @entity1 0-16 years of age attending these ER in 2003 ( @entity1 population 0-16 years of age was 28,000). We calculated the annual injury risk overall and by age. We described characteristics of the @entity1 (age, sex) and @entity130 (place, cause, type, affected body part, severity). 5,928 injured @entity1 attended the ER, and the annual injury risk was 21.5%. The home was the most frequent place where @entity130 occurred, especially among the youngest @entity1 . The most commonly injured body parts were the limbs and, among the youngest @entity1 , the head and face. Approximately 20% of @entity1 had moderate to severe @entity130 ( @entity27235 ), and less then 3% were admitted to the hospital. In comparison to the previous study, there have been no significant changes in the annual risk of @entity130 and in the injury patterns. On the contrary, we observed a dramatic reduction in the frequency of hospitalization, which is probably attributable to the recent implementation of short observation and to the improvement of diagnostic/therapeutic paths in the ER. In conclusion, childhood @entity130 are still a relevant public health problem in this Italian area and new efforts are needed to prevent them.

title: A descriptive study of XXXX in a pediatric population of North-Eastern Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['childhood injury', 'injuries', 'Childhood injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Neurofilament (NF)-bound AGEs colocalize immunochemically with @entity1367 in the motoneurons of @entity1 with @entity2655 . Among three types of AGE receptors reported in the @entity1 brain, @entity20182 and @entity36521 (substrate of protein kinase C) have been found in neurons, while AGE-R3 is restricted to glia. The present study investigates which of these receptors may be responsible for binding AGEs in the NF conglomerates of motoneurons. Immunostaining of paraffin sections from eight @entity2655 @entity1 (five sporadic and three familial) and three control cases was performed with antibodies directed against R1 and R2, in parallel with those against AGEs and @entity1367 . The sites of @entity20182 immunoreactivity (IR) in motoneurons were in conformity to those of NF-associated AGE and @entity1367 IRs. By contrast, the IR of R2 was negative in NF conglomerates. Negative R2 IR for NF conglomerates was outlined by surrounding coarse R2 immunopositive granules in the perikaryon. No IR for @entity23719 was found in hyaline or Bunina inclusions. There was no extraneuronal expression of IR for @entity20182 or AGEs in microglia or astroglia around the NF accumulation. The colocalization of AGE, @entity20182 , and @entity1367 at NF conglomerates in motoneurons supports the notion that AGE-mediated oxidative stress and @entity6960 may be implicated in NF conglomeration and @entity2655 pathogenesis.

title: A receptor for advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs) is colocalized with neurofilament-bound AGEs and XXXX in motoneurons of @entity2655 : immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20182 :: ('1650', 'Gene') :: ['AGE-R1', 'AGE-R1 (oligosaccharyltransferase family)']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

answer: @entity1367 :: (6647,Gene) :: ['SOD1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of new contrast-enhancing lesions and perilesional @entity4 in @entity1 previously treated for @entity1313 in the @entity5 from treatment-related injury. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with new contrast-enhancing lesions and perilesional @entity4 at the site of previously treated @entity1313 were retrospectively reviewed. Nine directional echoplanar DTIs with b=1000 s/mm(2) were obtained using a single-shot spin-echo echoplanar imaging. Standardized regions of interest were manually drawn in several regions. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and eigenvalue indices (lambda( parallel) and lambda( perpendicular)) and their ratios relative to the contralateral side were compared in @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 versus @entity1 with @entity1161 , as established by histological examination or by clinical course, including long-term imaging studies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: The ADC values in the contrast-enhancing lesions were significantly higher (P=.01) for the recurrence group (range=1.01 x 10(-3) to 1.66 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s; mean+/-S.D.=1.27+/-0.15) than for the nonrecurrence group (range=0.9 x 10(-3) to 1.31 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s; mean+/-S.D.=1.12+/-0.14). The ADC ratios in the white matter tracts in perilesional @entity4 trended higher (P=.09) in treatment-related @entity130 (mean+/-S.D.=1.85+/-0.30 vs. 1.60+/-0.27, respectively). FA ratios were significantly higher in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) tracts adjacent to the @entity4 in the nonrecurrence group (mean+/-S.D.=0.89+/-0.15) than in those in the recurrence group (mean+/-S.D.=0.74+/-0.14; P=.03). Both eigenvalue indices lambda( parallel) and lambda( perpendicular) were significantly higher in contrast-enhancing lesions in the recurrence group than in those in the nonrecurrence group (P=.02). As well, both eigenvalue indices lambda( parallel) and lambda( perpendicular) were significantly higher in perilesional @entity4 than in normal white matter (P<.01 and P<.001, respectively) in both groups. CONCLUSION: The assessment of diffusion properties, especially ADC values and ADC ratios, in contrast-enhancing lesions, perilesional @entity4 and NAWM adjacent to the @entity4 in the follow-up of new contrast-enhancing lesions at the site of previously treated @entity1313 may add to the information obtained by other imaging techniques in the differentiation of @entity1161 from @entity5 recurrence.

title: Differentiation of recurrent @entity1313 versus @entity1161 using diffusion tensor imaging in XXXX with new contrast-enhancing lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasm', 'brain neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'differentiation of recurrent neoplasm', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury than in recurrent neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Irradiation of adjuvant lymph nodes in high-risk @entity263 was shown to be associated with improved rates of biochemical nonevidence of disease in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial (RTOG 94-13). To account for the highly individual lymphatic drainage pattern we tested an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) approach based on the determination of pelvic sentinel lymph nodes (SN). METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with a risk of more than 15% lymph node involvement were included. For treatment planning, SN localizations were included into the pelvic clinical target volume. Dose prescriptions were 50.4 Gy to the adjuvant area and 70.0 Gy to the prostate. All treatment plans were generated using equivalent uniform dose (EUD)-based optimization algorithms and Monte Carlo dose calculations and compared with 3D conventional plans. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 were treated and 142 SN were detectable (mean: n = 5.7; range, 0-13). Most SN were found in the external iliac (35%), the internal iliac (18.3%), and the iliac commune (11.3%) regions. Using a standard CT-based planning target volume, relevant SN would have been missed in 19 of 25 @entity1 , mostly in the presacral/perirectal area (22 SN in 12 @entity1 ). The comparison of conventional 3D plans with the respective IMRT plans revealed a clear superiority of the IMRT plans. No gastrointestinal or genitourinary acute @entity137 Grade 3 or 4 (RTOG criteria) occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Distributions of SN are highly variable. Data for SN derived from single photon emission computed tomography are easily integrated into an IMRT-based treatment strategy. By using SN data the probability of a geographic miss is reduced. The use of IMRT allows sparing of normal tissue irradiation.

title: Optimized coverage of high-risk adjuvant lymph node areas in XXXX using a sentinel node-based, intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives Maternal weight before and during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurobehaviour in childhood. We investigated maternal weight prior to and during pregnancy in relation to @entity4837 . We hypothesized that maternal @entity28 and excessive gestational @entity1017 would be associated with poor neonatal attention and affective functioning. Study Design @entity1 (n   =   261) were recruited, weighed and interviewed during their third trimester of pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy weight was self-reported and validated for 210 @entity1 , with robust agreement with medical chart review (r   =   .99). Neurobehaviour was measured with the NICU Network Neurobehavioural Scale (NNNS) administered on days 2 and 32 postpartum. Maternal exclusion criteria included severe or persistent physical or mental health conditions (e.g. chronic disease or diagnoses of @entity162 or Psychotic Spectrum Disorders); excessive substance use; social service/foster care involvement or difficulty understanding English. @entity1 were from singleton, full-term (37-42   weeks gestation) births with no major medical concerns. Outcome variables were summary scores on the NNNS (n   =   75-86). Results For @entity1 @entity28 prior to pregnancy, those gaining in excess of Institute of Medicine guidelines had @entity1 with poorer regulation, lower arousal and higher lethargy. There were no main effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on neurobehaviour. @entity1 gaining above IOM recommendations had neonates with better quality of movement. Conclusions Additional studies to replicate and extend results past the neonatal period are needed. Results could support underlying mechanisms explaining associations between maternal perinatal weight and offspring outcomes. These mechanisms may inform future prevention/intervention strategies.    2016 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

title: Maternal pre-pregnancy @entity28 and gestational XXXX influence @entity4837 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'infants', 'Participants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal neurobehaviour']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity750 transport and @entity1873 receptors in @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and @entity308 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 had PET with @entity25435 for 5-HTT and @entity37849 for @entity1873 binding, MRI, and @entity146 assessment. Sixteen healthy volunteers had @entity25435 , 19 had @entity37849 , and 6 had both PET studies. We used a reference tissue model to estimate @entity25435 binding. [ @entity8984 ]FCWAY volume of distribution was corrected for plasma-free fraction. Images were normalized to common space. The main outcome was the regional asymmetry index. Positive asymmetry indicates relative reduced binding (reflecting transporter activity) ipsilateral to @entity302 foci. RESULTS: Mean regional @entity25435 binding and asymmetry did not differ between @entity1 and controls. @entity37849 asymmetry was significantly greater for @entity1 than controls in hippocampus, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus. On analysis of variance with region as a repeated measure, @entity308 diagnosis had a significant effect on @entity25435 asymmetry, with significantly higher @entity25435 asymmetry in insular cortex (trend for fusiform gyrus). In insular cortex, @entity1 had a significant correlation between @entity37849 asymmetry and @entity25435 asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed increased @entity25435 asymmetry in insula and fusiform gyrus, and relatively reduced transporter activity, in subjects with both @entity1315 and @entity308 , as compared to subjects with @entity1315 alone, implying reduced reuptake and thus increased synaptic @entity750 availability. This finding may represent a compensatory mechanism for @entity1873 loss. Altered serotonergic mechanisms have an important role in @entity1315 and concomitant @entity308 .

title: The @entity1873 and @entity750 transporter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes that occur in pulmonary function when postural changes in the sagittal plane are made in a seated position in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1030 participated in this study. Standard spirometric measurements (minute ventilation, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were taken for each @entity1 in each of 2 sitting postures: slumped and upright. Breathing frequency, heart rate, and blood @entity26 saturation were also recorded for each of the 2 postures. @entity1 assumed each posture for 5 minutes before any measurements were taken, after which measurements were recorded each minute for an additional 5 minutes. RESULTS: A 2-factor (posture and time) analysis of variance with repeated measures on both factors was used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences between the means for heart rate, blood @entity26 saturation, and breathing frequency. Paired t tests likewise did not reveal any significant differences between the slumped and upright positions for forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and minute ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there are no differences in measures of pulmonary function (minute ventilation, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and breathing frequency, heart rate, and blood @entity26 saturation between slumped and upright sitting in @entity1 with @entity1030 . Based on this evidence alone, it may be inappropriate to instruct a @entity1 with @entity1030 to sit upright to improve respiratory function. However, further study is warranted before any definite recommendations can be made regarding sitting posture and respiratory performance in individuals with @entity1030 .

title: Does sitting posture in XXXX really matter? An analysis of 2 sitting postures and their effect [corrected] on pulmonary function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and morbidity of intratympanic @entity801 titration therapy on @entity1 with intractable unilateral @entity9303 . STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective chart review and @entity1 interviews. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral ambulatory dizziness clinic at the London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, from July 1992 to June 1997. INTERVENTION: Eighty-three @entity1 received weekly intratympanic @entity801 injections in their diseased ear. Treatments were terminated after four injections or sooner if @entity1 met clinical or audiologic criteria. Sixty-eight @entity1 were available for detailed follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vertigo frequency, hearing status, personal disability ratings, tinnitus level, and caloric responses before and after @entity801 therapy were measured. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of @entity1 showed complete, and an additional 6% showed substantial, vertigo control. At 24 months, 17% of @entity1 demonstrated a clinically significant (10-dB) reduction in hearing, but 26% showed a significant hearing improvement. Overall, the group showed no combined statistically significant changes in any of the hearing parameters. No @entity1 had an "extreme" drop in hearing (>30 dB). CONCLUSIONS: Intratympanic @entity801 titration therapy provides excellent vertigo control with a low incidence of @entity393 .

title: Intratympanic @entity801 titration therapy for intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the cerebral gray and @entity62 described in @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) are fully reversible with weight rehabilitation. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study using magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brains of female adolescents after weight recovery from @entity1278 . SETTING: An @entity1277 program located in a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Of 13 @entity1 who underwent a previous magnetic resonance imaging study at a low weight, 6 @entity1 were weight recovered and underwent rescanning. All brain measures were corrected for the effects of intracranial volume and age, based on a regression analysis of a group of 34 healthy female control subjects. Scans from the @entity1 with @entity1278 were also compared with scans from an age-matched subset of 16 healthy female controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: White matter volumes, gray matter volumes, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes in the weight-recovered @entity1278 group. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis showed that white matter and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volumes changed significantly (P = .03 for both) on weight recovery from @entity1278 . The weight-recovered @entity1 had significant gray matter @entity51 (P = .01) and elevated cerebrospinal fluid volumes (P = .005) compared with those of the age-matched controls. They no longer had significant (P = .30) @entity62 . CONCLUSION: The finding of persistent gray matter @entity51 in @entity1 who have recovered their weight after @entity1278 suggests an irreversible component to the structural brain changes associated with @entity1278 , in addition to a component that resolves on weight recovery.

title: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain changes in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter volume deficits']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: CSF samples were taken from 50 healthy @entity1707 of both sexes and cytologically and biochemically examined. With the aid of regression calculations it was investigated, whether deep freezing of CSF samples influences the laboratory results. The parameters @entity413 , @entity1133 , @entity1011 , total protein, @entity1760 , anorganic @entity1391 , @entity3849 and AP were in good agreement with the values of the original samples exhibiting only slight variations. Minor age relationship was only seen with respect to the two enzymes LDH and HBDH. A linear relationship was found between values in CSF and in serum of the parameters @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity1372 and @entity972 . CSF examination should include cell count, Pandy's test and bacteriological investigation as well as the determination of the levels of the enzymes LDH and HBDH. The activity of the enzymes @entity3849 and ALT increases along with the severity of the tissue damage ( @entity693 ). The specific gravity increases similarly to the total protein level in cases of chronic compression of the spinal cord, and Pandy's test becomes positive. However, CSF @entity413 levels are partly reduced in animals with @entity149 . The levels of the enzymes AP and CK are often increased in central nervous disturbances, but do not admit drawing a conclusion on the degree of damage.

title: [The cerebrospinal fluid from healthy XXXX and @entity1707 with central nervous system diseases].

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pre-emptive epidurally administered 4 or 8 mcg/kg @entity1339 on @entity1337 , mean arterial pressure, heart rate and side effects in intra and postoperative period. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double blinded, controlled clinical trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, @entity233 , from January to December 2008. METHODOLOGY: Forty-five @entity1 scheduled for lower extremity surgery were included in the study following the approval of the ethics committee and the @entity1 . The study group was split into three groups and received combined spinalepidural anaesthesia. Diluting with 10 ml normal saline, group N4 and group N8 were delivered 4 mcg/kg and 8 mcg/kg epidural @entity1339 , respectively, whereas group SF received 10 ml epidural saline. @entity3303 (2%) at 1.2 mg/kg dose was preferred for spinal anaesthesia. Analgesic efficacy, time to first analgesic requirement, Visual Analog Scale, @entity3575 consumption in the postoperative @entity1 -controlled epidural @entity1337 , and delivered/required number of boluses, were evaluated. Haemodynamic data and side effects were noted. RESULTS: Statistically, analgesic consumptions at 12 and 24 hours in the N8 group was lower than those in the SF group, the number of delivered boluses was lower in the N8 group compared with the SF and N4 groups, number of required boluses was lower in the N8 group than in the SF group. In terms of haemodynamics and side effects, no difference was found between the groups regarding the entire intraoperative and postoperative parameters. CONCLUSION: Epidural @entity1339 administration at 8 mcg/kg was found to be a viable additional agent against @entity1337 , with the postoperative period depending on the dosage.

title: Pre-emptive analgesic and haemodynamic efficacy of combined spinal-epidural XXXX delivery.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine', 'Neostigmine']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['neostigmine']


abstract: @entity2530 of the femoral head frequently occurs in a young population (mean age, approximately 35 years) and may lead to disabling @entity625 requiring hip arthroplasty surgery. This disease is compounded when it has concurrent involvement of other joints. @entity2530 is defined as disease involving three or more anatomic sites. The purpose of this study was to review the demographic, clinical, radiographic staging patterns, and treatment options in @entity1 with multifocal @entity2530 to facilitate earlier diagnosis and optimize treatment. Twenty-one centers participated by submitting completed data forms on @entity1 under their care after review of their databases. One hundred one @entity1 were identified. @entity1 demographics, @entity66 , corticosteroids and other medications used, presenting joints, and symptomatology were evaluated. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans or both were used to diagnose and stage @entity75 . Ninety-two of the 101 (91%) @entity1 had a history of corticosteroid therapy. Twelve @entity1 (of 14 tested) were found to have a @entity3459 . All 101 @entity1 had femoral head involvement. @entity2530 also was seen in the knee (96%), shoulder (80%), ankle (44%), and seven other sites. Overall, 631 joints were involved (6.2 lesions per @entity1 ). Bilaterality was common: hips, 98%; knees, 86%; and shoulders, 83%. Most lesions (69%) were in a precollapse stage at the time the @entity1 presented for treatment. In eleven @entity1 , the knee was the sole presenting symptomatic joint, and the shoulder and ankle were the sole presenting symptomatic joints in five and four @entity1 , respectively. An improved understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology of multifocal @entity2530 will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In @entity1 with @entity2530 of the hip, all symptomatic joints should be evaluated with radiographs. In @entity1 with @entity2530 presumably not involving the femoral head, the @entity1 's femoral heads should be evaluated radiographically, regardless of whether the hips are symptomatic.

title: Symptomatic multifocal @entity2530 . A multicenter study. XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis', 'Multifocal osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Collaborative Osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of live @entity22073 ( @entity22073 ) 17D vaccine in adults receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy. METHODS: All adult travelers on systemic corticosteroid therapy who had received the YF17D vaccine in 24 French vaccination centers were prospectively enrolled and matched with healthy controls (1:2) on age and history of YF17D immunization. Safety was assessed in a self-administered standardized questionnaire within 10 days after immunization. @entity22073 -specific neutralizing antibody titers were measured 6 months after vaccination in @entity1 receiving corticosteroids. RESULTS: Between July 2008 and February 2011, 102 vaccine recipients completed the safety study (34 receiving corticosteroids and 68 controls). The median age was 54.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 45.1-60.3 years) and 45 @entity1 had a history of previous YF17D immunization. The median time receiving @entity228 therapy was 10 months (IQR 1-67 months) and the @entity229 or equivalent dosage was 7 mg/day (IQR 5-20). Main indications were @entity792 (n = 14), @entity309 (n = 9), and @entity1729 (n = 8). No serious adverse event was reported; however, @entity1 receiving corticosteroids reported more frequent moderate/severe local reactions than controls (12% and 2%, respectively; relative risk 8.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4-45.9). All subjects receiving corticosteroids who were tested (n = 20) had neutralizing antibody titers >10 after vaccination. CONCLUSION: After YF17D immunization, moderate/severe local reactions may be more frequent in @entity1 receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy. Immunogenicity seems satisfactory. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: Safety and immunogenicity of XXXX 17D vaccine in adults receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy: an observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated yellow fever', 'YF']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity22073 :: (MESH:D015004,Disease) :: ['yellow fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the range and responsiveness to change of clinical outcome measures and study predictors of clinical response in @entity1 with @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ) in the context of clinical trials. METHODS: Data were combined from 629 @entity1 with @entity7087 who participated in 7 multicenter clinical therapeutic trials. Trials used common outcome measures: @entity272 ( @entity272 ), @entity717 ( @entity717 ), @entity1 's global assessment of disease activity, pulmonary function tests (forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity for @entity1223 ), hand span, and oral aperture. RESULTS: The combined database included 629 @entity1 (82% @entity1 , mean    SD age 46.5    11.8 years, mean    SD disease duration 19.4    15.9 months). Outcomes tended to improve during trials for @entity1 with more severe disease at study entry and to worsen for @entity1 with less severe disease at entry. Disease duration was mildly negatively predictive of change in @entity272 at 6 months (r = -0.27, P < 0.001), and substantial bidirectional variation in change in @entity272 and @entity717 score was seen across the spectrum of disease duration. Sixty-three percent of @entity1 with "early" disease (disease duration <18 months) had a decline in @entity272 , and 37% had an increase in @entity272 . Eighty-one percent of @entity1 with "late" disease (disease duration >=  18 months) had a decline in @entity272 , and 19% had an increase in @entity272 . Multivariate mixed models did not demonstrate that any baseline variables were strongly predictive of subsequent outcome. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with @entity7087 enrolled in clinical trials, standard outcome measures tend to improve in those with more severe disease at study entry and to worsen in those with less severe disease at entry. Overall, the @entity272 improves during trials, while @entity717 scores and lung function are mostly static. None of these variables, including disease duration, reliably identifies groups of subjects whose @entity272 will predictably increase or decrease in the course of a clinical trial. These findings have important implications for clinical trial design in @entity2631 .

title: Patterns and predictors of change in outcome measures in clinical trials in @entity2631 : an individual XXXX meta-analysis of 629 subjects with @entity7087 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['modified Rodnan skin thickness score', 'MRSS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index', 'HAQ DI']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dcSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The majority of @entity16465 dye released to the environment come from antrapogenic sources. Several techniques are available for dyes' removal. In this study removal of reactive blue 29 (RB29) by an advanced oxidation process sequenced with single wall @entity505 nanotubes was investigated. Advanced oxidation process was optimized over a period of 60 minutes by changing the ratio of @entity1543 to @entity273 , the compounds which form @entity32295 . Reduction of 20.2% -56.4% of reactive blue 29 was observed when the ratio of @entity273 / @entity1543 /dye changed from 344/344/1 to 344/344/0.08 at different times (60, 120 and 180 min). The optimum ratio of @entity1543 / @entity273 /dye was found to be 344/344/0.16 over 60 min. The resultant then was introduced for further removal by single wall @entity505 nanotubes(SWCNTs) as adsorbent. The adsorption of reactive blue 29 onto SWCNTs was also investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms were determined and the results revealed that the adsorption of RB29 onto SWCNTs was well explained by BET model and changed to Freundlich isotherm when SWCNTs was used after the application of @entity32295 . Kinetic study showed that the equilibrium time for adsorption of RB 29 on to SWCNT is 4 h. Experiments were carried out to investigate adsorption kinetics, adsorbent capacity and the effect of solution pH on the removal of reactive blue29. The pseudo-second order kinetic equation could best describe the sorption kinetics. The most efficient pH for color removal (amongst pH=3, 5 and 8) was pH= 5. Further studies are needed to identify the @entity32295 degradation intermediates and to investigate their effects on SWCNTs.

title: Sequential study on reactive blue 29 dye removal from aqueous solution by XXXX and single wall @entity505 nanotubes: experiment and theory.

entities_list: @entity32295 :: ('CHEBI:52094', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxy acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity32295 :: (CHEBI:52094,Chemical) :: ['peroxy acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of the frequency-doubling contrast test as a means of screening for @entity227 . METHODS: Contrast thresholds for frequency-doubled stimuli were obtained under four test conditions: superior hemifield, inferior hemifield, and central (5 degrees radius) targets using a method of adjustment (MOA); superior hemifield, inferior hemifield, and central targets using a @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ); four quadrant stimuli and the central target using @entity3517 ; and 16 stimuli (four per quadrant) and the central target using @entity3517 . One eye each of 36 @entity1 with early (12), moderate (12), and advanced (12) @entity227 was tested, as was one eye each of 36 age-matched normal control subjects. RESULTS: For hemifield stimuli, the @entity3517 test procedure had better test-retest reliability, lower individual variation, and greater separation of the normal population and the population with @entity726 than did the MOA procedure. The use of progressively smaller, more localized stimuli produced successively better separation of glaucomatous and age-matched normal control eyes. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.81 for hemifield stimuli (sensitivity and specificity, 70% to 75%), 0.91 for quadrant stimuli (sensitivity and specificity, 83% to 85%), and 0.965 for the 16 stimuli (sensitivity 93%, specificity 100%). Test time was approximately 1.3 minutes for hemifields, 1.5 minutes for quadrants, and 5 minutes for the 16 targets. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate that the frequency-doubled contrast test provides a quick, efficient means of screening for @entity227 . Test time is relatively short, test-retest reliability is good, and sensitivity and specificity for detection of @entity227 is very good. The use of the @entity3517 staircase procedure and small, localized stimuli result in the best performance for screening purposes. An expanded normative database and the use of more rapid suprathreshold screening strategies should enhance further the efficacy of this test.

title: Screening for XXXX with frequency-doubling perimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['MOBS', 'modified binary search']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous visual field loss']


abstract: @entity170 seems to be a component of body aging process. Through the years, muscles, ligaments, and fasciae loose their natural elasticity; degenerative changes form in joints; also, mechanical resistance of bones reduces. Involutive changes in central nervous system (CNS) cause disturbances in reciprocal transmission of impulses between CNS and muscles. This changes normal motion pattern, leading, consequently, to lasting stress of ligaments, muscles, joints and bones, what becomes a source of strong nociceptive impulses. One of first symptoms of this is @entity158 , localized particularly in spine region. @entity158 is another cause of increased, abnormal tension of muscles and, thus, of their stress. Proper treatment of above situation must be necessarily consisted of simultaneous analgesia, correcting of muscle tension and relaxation. Therefore, guideline for the rehabilitation program needs to be supported by thorough clinical, biomechanical, roentgenographic and densitometrical case analysis. Rehabilitation works as prophylactics of formation and fixing of deformities. Therefore, this must be aimed to: @entity158 relief, maintaining of proper @entity1 's stance, rebuilding of normal muscle force, maintaining of normal motion range and increasing of daily motion activity, what would stimulate skeletal system. For practical reasons, forming of dysfunctions in motion system in course of @entity170 is classified into three stages--I--early, II--advanced @entity170 and III--late.

title: [Analgetic treatment and rehabilitation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity3068 or @entity3068 is a chronic @entity1944 caused by @entity3069 . @entity3068 , which continues to spread in agricultural species. Control of @entity3068 is challenging and should not be underestimated. Due to the long incubation period of the @entity281 , disease is largely subclinical in domesticated livestock. Hence, direct effects on animal productivity and welfare are often masked and may appear insufficient to justify large investments in control programmes by individual farmers, livestock industries or governments. Furthermore, in some countries the main effects of the disease are indirect, resulting from the impact of market discrimination against herds and flocks known to be infected, or from the control measures enforced to reduce transmission. In such circumstances, producers may be unwilling to co-operate with surveillance that may detect @entity281 in herds or flocks. As control programmes are rarely successful in eliminating the @entity281 from a herd or flock in the short term without an aggressive and costly programme, financial and community support assists producers to deal with the challenge. Successful prevention and control depends on @entity4409 authorities and livestock industries acquiring a good understanding of the nature and epidemiology of @entity281 , and of the application of tools for diagnosis and control. Building support for control programmes under the leadership of the affected livestock industries is critical, as programmes are unlikely to be successful without ongoing political will, supported by funding for research, surveillance and control.

title: Control of XXXX . @entity281 in agricultural species.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculosis', 'paratuberculosis', "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']


abstract: Vectors derived from @entity1 adenovirus type 5, which typically lack the E1A and @entity6860 genes, induce robust innate immune responses that limit their therapeutic efficacy. We reported previously that the @entity6860 55 kDa protein inhibits expression of a set of cellular genes that is highly enriched for those associated with anti-viral defense and immune responses, and includes many interferon-sensitive genes. The sensitivity of replication of @entity6860 55 kDa null-mutants to exogenous interferon ( @entity3027 ) was therefore examined in normal @entity1 fibroblasts and respiratory epithelial cells. Yields of the mutants were reduced at least 500-fold, compared to only 5-fold, for wild-type (WT) virus replication. To investigate the mechanistic basis of such inhibition, the accumulation of @entity1800 and genomes was compared by immunoblotting and qPCR, respectively, in WT- and mutant-infected cells in the absence or presence of exogenous @entity3027 . Both the concentration of viral genomes detected during the late phase and the numbers of viral replication centers formed were strongly reduced in @entity3027 -treated cells in the absence of the @entity6860 protein, despite production of similar quantities of viral replication proteins. These defects could not be attributed to degradation of entering viral genomes, induction of apoptosis, or failure to reorganize components of PML nuclear bodies. Nor was assembly of the @entity6860 protein- E3 ubiquitin ligase required to prevent inhibition of viral replication by @entity3027 . However, by using RT-PCR, the @entity6860 55 kDa protein was demonstrated to be a potent repressor of expression of @entity3027 -inducible genes in @entity3027 -treated cells. We propose that a primary function of the previously described transcriptional repression activity of the @entity6860 55 kDa protein is to block expression of @entity3027 - inducible genes, and hence to facilitate formation of viral replication centers and genome replication.

title: The XXXX adenovirus type 5 @entity6860 55 kDa protein obstructs inhibition of viral replication by type I interferon in normal @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral early proteins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caring for a relative with @entity303 has been associated with high levels of psychological morbidity in carers. Sense of coherence is an important resource of successful coping with caregiving. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between stress associated with caregiving, sense of coherence, and self-reported @entity308 and @entity148 in family carers of @entity1 with @entity303 . We hypothesized that carers reporting high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 will report low levels of coherence, and that the relationship between caregiver stress and affective symptoms will be mediated by sense of coherence. METHODS: A total of 170 carers of @entity1 with @entity303 took part in the present study. Family carers completed the Sense of Coherence Scale, the Relative Stress Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. A series of multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between stress related to caregiving, caregiver @entity148 and @entity308 , and whether sense of coherence mediated this relationship. RESULTS: Self-reported @entity148 and @entity308 were associated with low levels of sense of coherence. Sense of coherence mediated the relationship between burden and self-reported @entity308 effect and @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Carers reporting high levels of @entity148 and @entity308 are more likely to report low levels of sense of coherence. The relationship between stress related to caregiving and @entity308 symptoms is mediated by carers' self-reported sense of coherence. Future psychotherapeutic intervention studies in family carers of @entity1 with @entity303 may incorporate strategies that specifically target sense of coherence.

title: Sense of coherence, burden, and affective symptoms in family carers of XXXX with @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity397 is an uncommon injury observed predominantly in subjects over 40 years old. Multiple surgical techniques have been employed to repair fresh and neglected ruptures; methods that make use of allograft and augmentation with tissues harvested from around the knee have been reported. We describe a case of surgical repair of a tendon-bone junction @entity397 in a 64-year-old @entity1 by use of suture anchors to attach the tendon to bone and improve fixation of the soft tissue elements. Clinical diagnosis of @entity397 was confirmed radiographically and echographically. Surgical repair was performed within 24 hours of injury. Active movement of the knee started after 3 weeks and the @entity1 was permitted to walk without weight-bearing with a knee cage. Three weeks later, he was permitted to walk with full weight-bearing unassisted by crutches; the knee cage was removed 6 weeks after surgery. At his most recent follow-up 24 months postoperative, quadriceps strength was equal to that of the controlateral knee and the @entity1 has returned to sports and daily activities. The surgical method presented here provides a suture of the tendon ends without putting excess stress on the suture line during the period of early knee mobilization. Advantages over other techniques include reduced operative time, easy access to the implantation site, and better resistance of the suture material: the @entity1 is thus able to initiate physical therapy earlier and more aggressively.

title: A new method of repair for quadriceps XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'Rupture of the quadriceps tendon']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon ruptures']


abstract: Current controversies in the treatment of @entity5 center on the relative roles of surveillance, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), and adjuvant single-agent chemotherapy. Surveillance has been studied in over 800 @entity1 , 17.1% of whom have relapsed. There is no evidence that surveillance compromises survival in properly selected, compliant @entity1 . The economic benefit of treating only those @entity1 who relapse is offset by the cost of screening diagnostic studies and salvage therapy, and by issues of @entity1 @entity148 and compliance. Other methods of reducing the @entity137 of RT include reductions in RT dose and volume. A randomized trial has shown that omission of the pelvic field produces relapse-free survival equivalent to that achieved with pelvic plus para-aortic RT. A similar study is currently evaluating a reduction in RT dose from 30 to 20 Gy. Early results from nonrandomized studies of one or two cycles of single-agent chemotherapy demonstrate efficacy comparable to RT in the adjuvant treatment of @entity5 . A randomized trial is underway to determine the equivalence of adjuvant @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and RT. Long-term follow-up from these studies will provide information not only on the relative efficacy of these alternative strategies but also on the late effects of therapy, including @entity249 and second @entity5 .

title: Controversies in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I seminoma', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin', 'Paraplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated benefits of cognitive intervention in @entity73 ( @entity73 ), but few studies have determined long-term effects on cognition, conversion rate to @entity195 , and the role of early intervention. METHOD: A 6-month multicomponent cognitive group intervention was applied in @entity1 with single- or multiple-domain @entity73 (defined according to @entity195 ). One group (n = 12) received the intervention at the beginning of the study period and was compared with an active control group (n = 12) who received it after an 8-month time lag. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 15 and 28 months (study period was August 2007-December 2009). The primary outcome was change in cognitive function as determined by changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the cognitive subscale of the @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 -cog), and the secondary outcomes were change in specific @entity73 and conversion to @entity195 (according to DSM-IV/NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and NAI-AA criteria for probable @entity195 with increased level of certainty). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 completed the study after 28 months. Long-term data revealed a stable intervention effect on the primary outcome @entity11509 -cog in the early-intervention group (P = .024). The @entity1 in the later-intervention (control) group appeared to benefit to a lesser extent from the cognitive intervention compared to those who received it earlier. Only @entity1 in the later-intervention group (6 of 12) converted to @entity195 during the 28-month study period. CONCLUSIONS: Benefits of our 6-month cognitive intervention on global cognitive status appear to be preserved over extended follow-up periods. Early cognitive intervention may delay conversion to @entity195 . Findings in a small sample encourage the use of the intervention in larger-scale studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00544856.

title: Long-term observation of a multicomponent cognitive intervention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and noncognitive functions', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Petersen's criteria", "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's dementia", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity10483 integrins are widely expressed in @entity1 tissues but their presence and function on @entity3620 cells have not been examined. In this study, we have investigated the expression and function of @entity10483 integrins in 7 @entity1 @entity3620 cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining and FACS analysis showed similar expression of @entity10483 integrins with strongest expression of alpha3beta1 in all investigated @entity2615 cell lines. Using the Boyden chamber assay, we found that @entity2615 cell lines migrated to soluble (chemotaxis) and substrate-bound (haptotaxis) fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV. In order to investigate the biological function of integrins in @entity2615 cells, we pre-incubated the cells with blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prior to the adhesion and migration assays. Anti- @entity10483 antibodies inhibited cell adhesion, chemotaxis and haptotaxis in all cell lines. Generally, anti-alpha2 integrin antibodies inhibited cell adhesion, chemotactic and haptotactic migration to collagen type IV, whereas antibodies to the alpha5 and alpha6 subunits inhibited cell adhesion and migration to fibronectin and laminin, respectively. Preincubation of @entity2615 cells with anti-alpha3 antibodies inhibited the migration to either collagen type IV, laminin or fibronectin in all cell lines. Interestingly, in 3 cell lines anti-alpha3 antibodies inhibited cell migration to laminin and collagen type IV without affecting the ability of the cells to adhere to these proteins. Furthermore, in 2 cell lines, antibodies to the alpha3 chain inhibited chemotaxis but not haptotaxis to collagen type IV, indicating the presence of distinct signalling pathways.

title: Differential motile response of @entity1 XXXX cells to fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV: the role of @entity10483 integrins.

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity43098 ( @entity43098 ) effects have been explored extensively in vivo in rodents, but little is known about trophic responses in nonhuman primates. A previous publication reports the @entity5072 epithelial/parenchymal changes noted in the digestive tract (tongue, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands) of adult @entity5434 treated with recombinant @entity1 @entity43098 (1-48) (rhEGF(1-48)). This report documents clinical findings and structural effects in the remaining epithelium-containing tissues of these animals. Two monkeys/sex/dose received rhEGF(1-48) by intravenous bolus at 0 (vehicle), 10, 100, 500 (females only), or 1,000 microg/kg/day (males only) daily for up to 2 weeks. Treatment- and dose-related clinical findings included emesis, fecal alterations (soft feces and @entity294 ), lacrimation, nasal discharge, @entity458 , transient @entity551 , and salivation after dosing. Male monkeys administered 1,000 microg/kg became moribund after 5 days of treatment and were necropsied. All other monkeys completed the 2-week treatment period. Necropsy findings in nongastrointestinal tissues were: enlarged, pale kidneys at 100 microg/kg and greater; small thymuses seen sporadically at all doses; and enlarged adrenals and small thyroids in males at 1,000 microqg/kg. Respective organ-to-brain weight ratios at 500 and 1,000 microg/kg for kidneys were 1.5- and 2.6-fold greater and for heart were 1.7- and 1.3-fold greater than controls. Microscopically, pronounced dose-related epithelial @entity1184 and @entity1373 were evident in kidney, urinary bladder, skin (epidermis and adnexa), mammary gland, prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, uterus, cervix, vagina, thyroid, thymus, tonsillar crypts, @entity267 , @entity825 , and pulmonary airways. Epitheliotrophic effects were conspicuous in many tissues at 100 to 1,000 microg/kg. Changes to renal collecting ducts were present at 10 microg/kg, suggesting that kidneys were a relatively sensitive target. Proliferative alterations were not apparent in testes, intraocular structures, @entity75 and choroid plexus at any dose. Aside from the noted exceptions, rhEGF(1-48) was a pantrophic epithelial mitogen in @entity5434 when used intravenously at suprapharmacologic doses.

title: Systemic proliferative changes and clinical signs in @entity5434 administered a recombinant derivative of XXXX epidermal growth factor.

entities_list: @entity43098 :: ('102123415', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'Epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain ependyma']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study investigated the mechanism by which the strength and weakness of exercise stress affects the skin symptoms of @entity483 ( @entity483 ). Specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional NC/Nga @entity19 were used. Conventional @entity19 , but not the SPF, spontaneously develop dermal symptoms similar to that of @entity1 with @entity483 . There were two types of stress, mild (20  m/min for 60  min) or strong exercise (25  m/min for 90  min), using a treadmill four times per day. The symptom of the conventional group were strongly exacerbated by strong exercise but ameliorated by mild exercise. The plasma concentrations of a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a- @entity13652 ) and the expression of @entity39114 in skin elevated after strong exercise but decreased after mild exercise. The plasma levels of b-endorphin and the expression of   -opioid receptor in skin were increased by mild exercise. In addition, the expression of @entity39893 , @entity28044 and @entity21314 (CPE) in pituitary gland were higher in the conventional group than in the SPF group. The level of @entity28044 was suppressed by mild exercise in the conventional groups, and elevated further by strong exercise. The level of @entity34845 becomes higher with the increase of the exercise load. On the other hand, the expression of the CPE was further increase by mild exercise but suppressed by strong exercise. These observations suggested that exercise-induced stress significantly affect the symptoms of @entity483 in a pivotal manner depending on the levels of a- @entity13652 and b-endorphin, and the expression of pituitary @entity28044 and CPE.

title: Mild exercise suppresses exacerbation of dermatitis by increasing cleavage of the b-endorphin from proopiomelanocortin in NC/Nga XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determinate the bactericidal activity of @entity2176 , @entity1215 , @entity3524 , @entity2756 and their double and triple combinations against @entity114 and third generation @entity5898 -resistant. @entity328 . METHODS: A study of the bactericidal activity of antibiotics alone and in combination was performed by killing-curves with fixed concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, equivalent to 1 < MIC for @entity3524 and @entity2756 , to 8 x MIC for @entity2176 and to 32 < MIC for @entity1215 . RESULTS: @entity2176 was the only antibiotic with bactericidal effect at 6 hours. @entity3524 had bactericidal effect at 12 hours. @entity1215 had no bactericidal effect. The association of @entity2176 plus third generation @entity2886 ( @entity3524 and @entity2756 ) showed indifferent effect. @entity1215 decreased the bactericidal activity of @entity2176 at 12 hours, when both were studied in combination, and it demonstrated antagonistic effect in the double and triple combination in which @entity1215 was included. CONCLUSIONS: All associations of @entity2176 plus third generation cephalosporins were bactericidal effects, but they did no show synergistic effects against @entity114 - and third generation cephalosporin @entity2260 2349. All combinations with @entity1215 showed decreased bactericidal activity or antagonistic effects. However, these results may be interpreted with caution because the in vivo experience of an experimental @entity693 model in @entity95 showed that the associations of @entity2176 plus @entity1215 and @entity2176 plus @entity3524 and @entity1215 were effective combinations. More in vivo and in vitro comparative studies are needed to demonstrate the reliability of in vitro results.

title: [In vitro bactericide activity of different antibiotic combinations to @entity328 resistant to @entity114 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae strain']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'Rifampin', 'rifampin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae strain']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: A 21-year-old white female with @entity851 , @entity14209 , multiple cutaneous nevi, and no other major features of the @entity2689 is described. She had normal secondary sex development and menses. She recently completed a normal pregnancy with delivery of a normal male @entity1 . Postpartum endocrine studies were normal. All cells examined from blood, skin, uterus, and both ovaries had a 45,X karyotype. She is the sixth reported @entity2689 @entity1 to achieve pregnancy. A literature review indicates increased fetal wastage (22 of 46 pregnancies) and increased chromosomal errors in the offspring (8 of 26 liveborn @entity1 ) of @entity1 with a 45,X cell line. Three cases of trisomy 21 occurred in these @entity1 . Amniocentesis and prenatal diagnostic studies are indicated for @entity1 with a 45,X chromosome constitution. The pathogenesis of the @entity2689 is considered in relation to these findings.

title: Pregnancy and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity14209 :: ('MESH:C564510', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X', 'Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: Recently, intraoperative rapid immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) ACTH measurements have been used to evaluate the completeness of resection of ectopic ACTH-secreting @entity5 . This study evaluates whether this method can be applied to @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for @entity699 to predict complete @entity977 resection. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity699 undergoing @entity1104 had plasma ACTH concentrations measured by a standard ICMA every 10 min for 1 h immediately after @entity977 removal. @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively for cure by standard criteria. ACTH levels were evaluated for percentage decrease from baseline at each time point. @entity1 who were cured (n = 11) had statistically greater decreases in ACTH levels (mean decrease 54%) than @entity1 who were not (n = 7; 26% mean decrease, P < 0.04). By Receiver-Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis, a reduction of at least 40% best predicted which @entity1 were cured and which were not cured. This level of reduction was observed in 82% of cured @entity1 , and a reduction of less than 40% was observed in 71% of those not cured. The analysis misclassified 4 of the 18 @entity1 , resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of 78%. Although the mean maximal decrease in ACTH concentrations after @entity5 removal was significantly different between cured and not cured @entity1 with @entity699 , it was less dramatic than results in the previous ectopic ACTH study. This may relate to incomplete suppression and/or surgical manipulation of normal pituitary corticotrophs in @entity1 with @entity4611 . In summary, in contrast to the @entity11060 , decline of plasma ACTH during @entity1104 does not accurately predict @entity5 resection.

title: Intraoperative adrenocorticotropin levels during @entity1104 for XXXX do not predict cure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary disease']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'transsphenoidal surgery']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been demonstrated to be critical regulators in a variety of physiologic and pathologic immune responses. In particular, @entity13945 and @entity14013 have been reported to play important roles in the alloimmune response. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a novel small-molecule compound, @entity42711 , an antagonist targeting both @entity13945 and @entity14013 in @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. We utilized an established @entity19 intestinal I/R injury model. @entity42711 treatment significantly improved @entity19 survival after 60 minutes of @entity63 . We then examined the local intestinal expression of several cytokines and chemokines at 2 hours after reperfusion using real-time PCR. @entity42711 treatment downregulated the expression of several cytokines, including @entity637 , @entity60 , and @entity58 , suggesting that the beneficial effect of @entity42711 was associated with inhibition of local immune activation. We further examined the systemic response after @entity42711 treatment. Lung tissue damage was significantly prevented by the treatment, as determined by lung wet-to-dry weight ratios at 4 hours after intestinal I/R injury. In addition, we observed that @entity13945 expression in the lung was significantly downregulated by the treatment, suggesting that @entity42711 inhibited the infiltration of @entity13945 -positive cells into the remote organ. Our data suggest the critical role of @entity13945 and @entity14013 in intestinal I/R injury and therapeutic efficacy of a novel small compound, @entity42711 , for protection against the intestinal I/R injury.

title: A novel @entity13945 / XXXX antagonist protects @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

answer: @entity14013 :: (12766(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCR3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the result of treatment of @entity1 with failed primary @entity923 who suspected pronator teres syndrome (PTS) by performing revision @entity923 release (CTR) with pronator teres release (PTR) and revision CTR alone. METHODS: Retrospective chart review in @entity1 who required revision CTR and suspected PTS. Group 1, treated by redo CTR with PTR and group 2, treated by redo CTR alone. Intraoperative findings, pre and postoperative numbness (2-PD), @entity158 (VAS score), and grip strength were studied. RESULTS: There were 17 @entity1 (20 wrists) in group 1 and 5 @entity1 (5 wrists) in group 2. @entity1 in group 1 showed more chance of fully recovery of numbness and @entity158 than group 2 (60% vs. 0%, p  <  0.05 and 55.0% vs. 0%, p  <  0.05, respectively). Mean grip strength was increased 16.0% in group 1 and increase 11.7% in group 2. Most common pathology at the elbow were deep head of pronator teres 90% (18/20 elbows) and lacertus fibrosus 50% (10/20 elbows). The most common finding at @entity923 was the reformed transverse carpal ligaments (80%, 20/25 wrists) and scar adhesion around the median nerve (40%, 10/25 wrists). DISCUSSION: Intraoperative findings from our study confirmed that there were pathology in both @entity923 and pronator area in failed primary CTR with suspected PTS. Our study showed that combined PTR with revision CTR provided higher chance of completely recovery from numbness and @entity158 more than redo CTR alone.

title: Role of pronator release in revision XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel surgery']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel surgery']


abstract: 1. @entity1318 is a rare disease of unknown origin that occurs with the same frequency in both sexes. 2. During the preoperative workup as well as the postoperative time the following studies should be performed: upper GI series, esophageal manometry and endoscopy with biopsy. 3. In most instances conservative treatment with dilations only provides temporal relief of the symptoms and moreover, is not exempt from complications; it should be employed only in incipient @entity1318 , in @entity1 who refuse to be operated upon and in those whose general conditions make surgery inadvisable. 4. Surgery can provide a permanent cure for the symptomatology in the majority of the @entity1 , with a very low mortality and morbidity; an operation should be performed early in those who retain more than 10 mls. in the esophagus with persistence of the symptomatology as well as in those @entity1 in whom @entity5 is suspected. 5. A modified @entity7441 , with abdominal approach with gastrostomy, diaphragmatic hernioplasty and an anti-reflux procedure and when necessary a piloroplasty is the treatment of choice for @entity1318 yielding good results in 88.8% of the cases. It should be noted that the degree of postoperative @entity338 is directly related to the extent to which the gastric incisons is extended below the esophageal-gastric junction.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX . Analysis of 27 cases].

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Esophageal achalasia', 'esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['Heller type operation']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: METHODS: Persistent symptomatic strabismus may be seen in up to 25% of @entity1 post @entity1713 surgery. Surgical correction of ocular misalignment in this situation can be technically difficult to perform and the results are less predictable than in other forms of strabismus surgery. We report on our experience of the use of botulinum toxin injections as an alternative. RESULTS: A retrospective review was made of all @entity1 who had received botulinum toxin injections in the management of their strabismus following @entity1713 surgery at our institution between November 1982 and January 2006. One hundred and forty @entity1 fulfilled our criteria with a mean length of follow-up of 27 months. Thirty-three @entity1 (23.6%) were symptom free following botulinum toxin injection alone and were discharged from the clinic, 50.5% of these after only 2 injections. Fusion was regained in 37.9%. The only factor associated with lack of restoration of fusion in the multivariate analysis was visual acuity in the injected eye. Complications were seen in 2.9% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin injections may represent a safe and acceptable alternative to surgery and may be particularly useful for those in whom surgery is contraindicated or not desired.

title: The use of botulinum toxin to treat strabismus following XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard for evaluation of the draining lymphatic basin for intermediate thickness @entity320 . Despite this, SLNB has not been uniformly adopted. We hypothesized that there are geographic areas of the United States where @entity1 are less likely to receive SLNB. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for @entity1 who underwent surgery for intermediate thickness cutaneous @entity320 ( @entity121 .00   mm) from 2004 to 2008. @entity1 were categorized according to geographic area based on the reporting registry. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted use of SLNB. RESULTS: Entry criteria were met by 8957 @entity1 . On multivariate analysis, @entity1 from the South were less likely (OR 0.54, CI 0.48-0.62; P   <   0.001) to receive a SLNB. Additional factors associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving a SLNB included head and neck primary @entity5 site, high or unknown serum LDH, Asian, Hispanic, Native American or unknown race, and increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 from the South were less likely to receive a SLNB for an intermediate thickness cutaneous @entity320 . This report of geographic disparities on a national level should be confirmed locally to better guide interventions aimed at eliminating these disparities.

title: Geographic variation in utilization of sentinel lymph node biopsy for intermediate thickness cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow thickness 1.00-4']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity1641 from six stud farms representing the most frequent types of @entity1641 breeding in Brazil were tested for @entity743 antibodies by the IFA test. The farms are located at the tropic of Capricorn at an altitude of 472-715 m where temperatures below 0 degrees C may occur. @entity1641 of conventional stud farms were infested with Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense, and Boophilus microplus. Infestation with Bo. microplus was associated with direct or indirect contact of @entity1641 with @entity291 , and was not detected at professional stud farms. At one large professional stud farm, only D. nitens was observed. Prevalence of @entity743 equi correlated positively (p<0.001) with contact of pastured @entity1641 to @entity291 (67.1% versus 17.5%). The IFA test was validated using sera from 92 non-infected @entity1641 and from 18 ponies infected experimentally with the USDA strains of B. equi or B. caballi or with the Brazilian isolates from the study area. Differences in test results obtained using antigens from USDA strains or Brazilian isolates were not significant. The specificity was 100% except for the IFA test using Brazilian antigen of B. caballi (98%). The sensitivity was 100% except for the IFA test using the USDA antigen of B. caballi. Accuracy of the tests ranged from 98 to 100%, and predictive values from 99 to 100%. Only 59% (132/224) of sera, positive by the IFA test for B. equi, tested positive by CF test, and 45% (232/515) of sera, positive by the IFA test for B. caballi, also tested positive by CF test. In all, 740 field sera from 140 @entity1641 , including 63 mares and their foals, were tested. Prevalence and incidences of B. caballi infections were significantly higher than those of B. equi infections: 49.2% (31/63) of the mares were infected with B. equi, but 79.4% (50/63) with B. caballi; 36% (18/50) of the foals became infected with B. equi within 12 months, but 100% (50/50) with B. caballi within 10 months. Maternal antibodies against B. equi and B. caballi in foals were 44 (22/50) and 68% (34/50), respectively. Titers persisted for 1-5 months for B. equi and 1-4 months for B. caballi.

title: Seroepidemiologic studies on XXXX equi and Babesia caballi infections in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

answer: @entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['Babesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melanocyte number and the amount of melanin pigment are related to diagnosis and treatment of @entity272 . Various histologic methods are used, such as Fontana-Masson stain for melanin pigment or immunohistochemical stain for melanocytes. Recently, computerized image analysis has been applied to many fields to avoid interobserver bias. In this study, we applied a computerized image analysis to assess the melanin content and melanocyte density of @entity1 epidermis. METHODS: We evaluated the skin biopsy specimens (paraffin blocks) from normal @entity1 skin (33 +/- 6.6, n = 11) and diseased skins; @entity1694 (32 +/- 10.0, n = 8), @entity1709 (35 +/- 8.6, n = 11), and @entity6311 (40 +/- 7.2, n = 11) (mean age +/- SD). Each specimen was stained with Fontana-Masson for melanin pigments and immunohistochemical method for melanocytes. Quantitative analysis of melanin pigment and melanocyte number (density) were investigated through two methods: (1) two dermatologists measured the visual scales; and (2) computerized image analysis was used to measure @entity12605 ( @entity12605 ). The data were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The visual scale of the Fontana-Masson stain was the highest for @entity6311 (3.8 +/- 0.40), followed by @entity1709 (2.6 +/- 0.67), normal skin (1.8 +/- 0.60) and @entity1694 (0) (P < 0.05). These findings were consistent with objective measurements made by computerized image analysis. @entity12605 values were 120.3 +/- 20.74 for @entity6311 , 81.1 +/- 19.27 for @entity1709 , 45.5 +/- 16.92 for normal skin, and 0.3 +/- 0.30 for @entity1694 in decreasing order (P < 0.05). MC/1E (melanocyte number per 1 mm epidermis) was about two fold larger in @entity6311 (18.1 +/- 8.92) than @entity1709 (9.7 +/- 2.40) or normal skin (9.3 +/- 2.67) (P < 0.05). MC/1B (melanocyte number per 1 mm basal layer) was about 1.5 fold higher in @entity6311 (13.5 +/- 4.17), compared to normal skin (9.0 +/- 3.55) (P < 0.05). Melasma showed increased melanocyte numbers compared to normal skin, but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We believe this computerized image analysis could be useful tool for diagnosis and comparison of interval changes in @entity66 like @entity1709 or @entity6311 by quantifying melanin pigments or melanocytes in skin biopsy specimens.

title: Application of computerized image analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary diseases']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo senilis']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'melanin content indices']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary skin diseases']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['pigmentary skin diseases']


abstract: @entity42334 (M(r) 25032) is a @entity563 protease expressed in the limbic system of @entity19 brain. It has been implicated in various neurological processes including formation of memory and may be important as a drug target in the treatment of @entity302 . The recombinant protein was produced using a baculovirus expression system and was purified. Two crystal forms were obtained by a hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method with @entity968 . Preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that crystal form I belongs to triclinic space group P1 with unit cell dimensions a = 97.16 A, b = 97.12 A, c = 46.75 A and alpha = 99.17 degrees, beta = 99.77 degrees, gamma = 117.35 degrees. Self-rotation function analysis of these data of form I indicates the position of a noncrystallographic threefold axis. There are six molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Crystal form II also belongs to triclinic space group P1 but has unit cell dimensions of a = 38.40 A, b = 55.16 A, c = 65.37 A and alpha = 95.38 degrees, beta = 89.98 degrees, gamma = 110.46 degrees with two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Form II has a @entity2270 . Intensity data to 3.1 A resolution for form I and to 2.2 A resolution for form II have been collected.

title: Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of @entity42334 , a @entity563 protease expressed in the limbic system of XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['noncrystallographic twofold axis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']