abstract: Seventeen @entity1 suffering from intractable @entity3119 treated with neurosurgery were assessed before surgery and a mean 10 +/- 5.1 years after surgery. Change in personality was assessed using a special 34-item schedule on @entity1 and informants. The majority of subjects had not noted any significant changes in personality. The subjects were rated by themselves and their informants to have improved overall in the following characteristics: they were less obsessional, cried less, demonstrated a greater depth of feelings, laughed more, were more sociable, and were less anxious or dependent. Six subjects were judged by informants to have improved in their degree of obsessionality, which was distinguishable from the impact on @entity3119 . The traits that showed an overall negative change were initiative/drive and energy level. Four subjects (2/4 open and 2/13 stereotactic surgery) were judged to have a negative personality change. Ratings of @entity663 , @entity148 , @entity308 , and capacity for pleasure showed significant improvement. We conclude that while most @entity3119 @entity1 treated with stereotactic surgery do not experience a personality change, a small proportion report a positive or negative impact. Of note is the improvement in obsessionality in some @entity1 , and an adverse personality change of the "frontal lobe type" in a few @entity1 .

title: Does neurosurgery for XXXX produce personality change?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms', 'obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: About half of the gynecological @entity5 (GC) survivors suffer from @entity250 and report a need for professional psychosexual support. The current study assessed (1) health care professionals' ( @entity283 ) current @entity458 , (2) barriers to providing psychosexual support, and (3) @entity283 needs for training and assistance. METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted with gynecological oncologists (n   =   10), radiation oncologists (n   =   10), and oncology nurses involved in the treatment of GC (n   =   10). RESULTS: The majority of the professionals reported discussing sexuality at least once with each @entity1 . An important reason for addressing sexual functioning was to reassure @entity1 that it is normal to experience sexual concerns and give them an opportunity to discuss sexual issues. About half of the professionals provided specific suggestions. @entity1 were rarely referred to a sexologist. Barriers encountered by professionals in the provision of psychosexual support were embarrassment and lack of time. @entity283 suggestions for the facilitation of @entity458 were skills training, an increased availability of @entity1 information, and the standard integration of @entity5 care. CONCLUSION: The majority of the professionals reported discussing sexuality at least once with every @entity1 , but discussions of sexual functioning were often limited by time and attention. The development of comprehensive @entity1 information about sexuality after GC is recommended as well as a more standard integration of psychosexual support in GC care and specific training.

title: Psychosexual support for gynecological XXXX survivors: professionals' current practices and need for assistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual support in total gynecological cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual support provision', 'psychosexual support practices']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that demineralized perforated bone matrix implant from @entity235 skull and tibia induces new bone formation within the calvarial defect comparable with the bone induced by autogenous graft. We also were interested in determining whether demineralized perforated bone matrix implants from membranous bone have greater osseoinductive capacity in the calvarial area than demineralized perforated bone matrix implants from endochondral bone. Forty 12-week-old purebred beagles were used. Group I consisted of animals with unrepaired surgically created @entity9332 healed by secondary intention (n = 10). Group II consisted of animals with surgically created @entity9332 in which the bone was removed and replaced with an autograft (n = 10). Group III consisted of animals with surgically created @entity9332 in which the @entity154 was closed with a demineralized perforated bone matrix implant obtained from beagle calvaria (n = 10). Group IV consisted of animals with surgically created @entity9332 in which the @entity154 was closed with a demineralized perforated bone matrix implant obtained from beagle tibia (n = 10). The two control groups (I and II) allowed us to isolate the inductive capacity of demineralized perforated bone matrix implants and compare it with the healing of the @entity79 left unrepaired or repaired with calvarial autografts. Animals were sacrificed after 8 and 12 weeks. In the present study we were able to verify that demineralized perforated bone matrix implants are well accepted in the @entity9332 with little tissue reaction and remarkably little osteoclastic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cranioplasty in the growing XXXX skull using demineralized perforated bone.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defect']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Mortality due to serious infections is significantly higher among elderly @entity1 than among younger @entity1 . This differential is particularly striking in some subsets of @entity1 ; for example, the mortality rate among older @entity1 with @entity2259 is 65 percent, compared with 25 to 35 percent in younger @entity1 . Although serious underlying disease is an important reason for older @entity1 ' difficulties with @entity281 , other problems of these @entity1 include a tendency to deny the presence of disease and some obstacles to interaction with the health care system. Older @entity1 with @entity281 are less likely to present with typical symptoms, which makes early recognition difficult for physicians. For example, typical findings of @entity295 ( @entity1032 , @entity591 , and fever) may be absent in an elderly @entity1 ; the only clue may be the @entity1 's failure to eat. Once @entity295 is recognized, its source must be identified. @entity293 is the most common cause of @entity295 in the elderly and responds best to antibiotic therapy. @entity55 is the next most common cause and leads to the highest mortality in this age group; rapid (sometimes invasive) methods must be utilized to identify the etiologic agent. In this life-threatening @entity281 , initial antibiotic therapy should include an @entity4028 , such as @entity4509 , to ensure the broadest coverage against the common pathogens. Supportive measures should be instituted for @entity1 with @entity295 , including careful monitoring of fluid intake and output and special attention to adequate oxygenation. Fluid volume replacement must be carried out in @entity1 with @entity326 , and hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Ganz catheter should be performed frequently. Careful consideration should be given to the use of @entity288 and inotropic agents. After appropriate cultures have been obtained, antibiotics should be started; the time from initial presentation to the administration of the first dose of antibiotic should not exceed one hour. Important considerations in antibiotic selection include the @entity1 's history and environment (community, nursing home, or hospital), anatomic location of the @entity281 , and the pathogen. In our institution, initial empiric antibiotic therapy consists of a combination of @entity4509 and @entity3524 . When older @entity1 are treated, adjustments in dosing should be based on estimates of kidney function.

title: Management of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental obtundation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['afebrile bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly accepted for the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, RFA has been associated with an obvious systemic inflammatory response, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Circulating histones are recently identified as pivotal inflammatory mediators. Hence, we investigated whether circulating histones are involved in RFA-related @entity32 . METHODS: Serial blood samples were collected from 42 @entity157 @entity1 undergoing RFA at 3 time points: pre-RFA, post-RFA (within 24 h), and in 4-week follow up after RFA. Plasma histones, @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity310 ), @entity409 parameters (ALT, @entity6571 ), and @entity1011 were measured. RESULTS: Compared to pre-RFA (0.837  g/ml), there was a significant increase in the levels of circulating histones within 24 h post-RFA (4.576  g/ml, p < 0.0001); histones decreased to pre-RFA levels in 4-week follow up after RFA. Meanwhile, @entity3335 , @entity650 , and @entity688 were elevated remarkably within 24 h post-RFA, indicative of an occurrence of the inflammatory response. Notably, histone levels correlated well with @entity3335 (r = 0.5678), @entity650 (r = 0.4851), and @entity688 (r = 0.3574), respectively. In addition, there was a significant damage of liver function in @entity1 within 24 h post-RFA, evidenced by the increased levels of ALT and @entity6571 . No changes in @entity1011 levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that circulating histones are excessively released in @entity157 @entity1 treated with RFA, which may lead to systemic @entity32 by stimulating neutrophil activation and promoting cytokine production. Circulating histones may act as a novel marker to indicate the extent of @entity32 related to RFA.

title: Hepatic radiofrequency ablation causes an increase of circulating histones in XXXX with @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and the clinical characteristics of @entity3610 : ( @entity3610 ). METHODS: Fasting peripheral venous blood samples were collected on the 2nd or 3rd day of the menstrual cycle or when there was no dominant follicle shown by ultrasonography after amenorrhea from 65 POCS @entity1 , aged 30 +/- 3, 27 being attributed to the @entity28 group according the body mass index (BMI) and 38 to the @entity28 group, and 40 @entity1 with @entity249 , aged 31 +/- 3, as controls, subdivided into @entity28 and @entity28 subgroups (both n = 20), and then the samples of serum. Were obtained. The level of @entity2842 was examined by ELISA. The levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity53 , and @entity251 (T) were assayed with chemoluminescence methods, and the level of @entity2671 was detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of serum insulin was detected by chemoluminescence method and the serum @entity413 (SG) was detected by oxidase enzymic method. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. RESULTS: (1) The levels of serum LH, T, and LH/FSH of the @entity28 and @entity28 POCS subgroups were all significantly higher than the corresponding @entity28 and @entity28 control subgroups (all P < 0.05). (2) The level of @entity2842 of the @entity28 @entity3610 subgroup was (98 +/- 67) ng/ml, significantly higher than that of the @entity28 controls [(58 +/- 41 mg/L, P < 0.05)]. (3) Pearson correlation showed that serum PCP-1 was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.339, P = 0.000). LH (r = 0.224, P = 0.024)), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.239, P = 0.016), and significantly negatively correlated with ISI (r = -0.250, P = 0.0006). (3) Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI and LH were the principal factors influencing the level of @entity2842 in the POCS @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The serum level of @entity2842 is associated with the LH level in POCS @entity1 . POCS may a @entity102 . @entity2842 is likely to participate in @entity28 , @entity3190 , and insulin resistance in POCS.

title: [Association of @entity2842 and the clinical characteristics of XXXX : analysis of 65 cases].

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This work evaluates pregnancy and @entity1 loss in 1,069 vehicle-treated @entity5434 from 78 embryo-fetal development (EFD) studies and 14 @entity245 ( @entity245 ) studies accrued during 1981-2007. METHODS: Losses were analysed by survival function and hazard ratio using logistic regression for influence of year, study type (e.g., dose duration), and test item route of administration (ig, im, iv, sc). RESULTS: Neither study type nor route of dosing affected pregnancy outcome. Losses were higher pre-1990 (104 losses/347 pregnancies) compared to 1990 onwards (94 losses/722 pregnancies). Losses were greatest before gestation day 50 and at parturition. Using post-1989 data, Monte-Carlo simulations of pregnancy outcomes were created. The power associated with the comparison of vehicle survival curves and simulated adverse survival curves was examined. This showed that EFD studies with initial vehicle group sizes of 16 and 20 have an 80% probability of having 13 and 16 ongoing pregnancies at gestational day 100, respectively. For @entity245 studies with initial vehicle group sizes of 16, 20, or 28, there is an 80% likelihood of having 9, 11, or 16 @entity1 at day 7 post-partum, respectively. A @entity245 study initiated with group size 20 could detect a threefold increase of test item-related pregnancy or @entity1 loss. CONCLUSIONS: For designing and managing primate developmental @entity137 studies, this type of analysis provides an objective tool to facilitate decisions either by supplementing groups with additional pregnant animals or stopping a group because an adverse effect on offspring survival has already been adequately revealed.

title: The XXXX as a model for developmental @entity137 studies: variability of pregnancy losses, statistical power estimates, and group size considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['PPND', 'pre-postnatal development']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkey']


abstract: @entity303 , @entity933 and @entity308 are the 3 most prevalent @entity146 in the elderly. While @entity303 and @entity308 are prevalent in the community, hospitals and nursing homes, @entity933 is seen most often in acute care hospitals. Much of the management of these syndromes is undertaken by primary care physicians rather than psychiatrists. Therefore, it is imperative that generalist physicians be adept at recognising, evaluating and managing @entity1 with these syndromes. Because no diagnostic tests are pathognomonic of these syndromes, the differential diagnosis hinges on a careful clinical evaluation. The first step is to recognise which of the syndromes is present. @entity303 is defined by a chronic loss of intellectual or cognitive function of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational function. @entity933 is an acute disturbance of @entity1662 marked by an attention deficit and a change in cognitive function. @entity308 is an affective disorder evidenced by a @entity1316 , but the most pervasive symptom is a loss of ability to enjoy usual activities. It is important to recognise that these syndromes are not mutually exclusive, as @entity303 frequently coexists with @entity933 and @entity308 . Furthermore, physical diagnoses, such as @entity1030 , @entity712 , @entity64 , are frequently associated with @entity308 . Given this, a comprehensive evaluation is mandatory. Laboratory tests are necessary to exclude concurrent @entity209 , and drug effects. Imaging studies should be obtained selectively in @entity1 with signs and symptoms, such as focal neurological findings and gait disturbances, which are suggestive of structural lesions: @entity64 , subdural haematoma, normal pressure @entity1313 . Appropriate management involving pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures will result in significant improvement in most @entity1 with these syndromes. Potentially offending drugs should be discontinued. In delirious @entity1 the underlying illness must be treated concomitantly with the use of psychotropics, if necessary. Although no current medications have been shown to have a significant effect on the functional status of @entity1 with the 2 most common causes of @entity303 , @entity195 and @entity9398 , the management of concomitant illness in these @entity1 may result in improved function for as long as a year. Tacrine, an anticholinesterase inhibitor, improves cognitive function slightly in selected @entity1 with @entity195 over short periods. Finally, the treatment of @entity308 with medications or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results in significant reductions in mortality and morbidity.

title: Differential diagnosis of @entity303 , @entity933 and XXXX . Implications for drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and endocrine disorders', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic, endocrine and infectious disorders']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus and brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multi-infarct dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['dysphoric mood']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current treatment options for @entity2184 and its metastases are reviewed in this paper. Recent developments in understanding genetic and molecular features of these @entity5 are discussed with emphasis on clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS: The management of uveal @entity320 has shifted to more eye-sparing approaches without significant improvement in @entity1 survival. There has been an increased understanding of the genetic and molecular abnormalities that lead to @entity320 that are more likely to @entity3 . Treatments of @entity3 remain inadequate. SUMMARY: @entity2184 appears to be a @entity262 at presentation. Treatment of the @entity66 may be curative in some @entity1 . However, up to 50% of @entity1 will ultimately succumb to the @entity3 . The accuracy of @entity1 prognostication can be enhanced by @entity5 cytogenetics. Even with this knowledge, no effective adjuvant treatments exist. Further research and innovation will allow tailored therapies for @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 features.

title: Update on XXXX : treatment of the eye and emerging strategies in the prognosis and treatment of @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'posterior uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['posterior uveal melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity63 and @entity5721 (IRI) are mainly caused by leukocyte activation, @entity409 and production of reactive @entity26 species. Moreover, IRI can lead to a systemic response affecting distant organs, such as the lungs. AIM: The objective was to study the pulmonary inflammatory systemic response after renal IRI. METHODS: Male C57Bl/6 @entity19 were subjected to 45 min of bilateral @entity8 , followed by 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. Blood was collected to measure serum @entity1011 and cytokine concentrations. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to determine the number of cells and @entity1421 concentration. Expressions of @entity13633 and @entity10178 in lung were determined by Western blot. Gene analyses were quantified by real time PCR. RESULTS: Serum @entity1011 increased in the IRI group compared to sham mainly at 24 h after IRI (2.57 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.43 +/- 0.07, p < 0.01). The total number of cells in BAL fluid was higher in the IRI group in comparison with sham, 12 h (100 x 10(4) +/- 15.63 vs. 18.1 x 10(4) +/- 10.5, p < 0.05) 24 h (124 x 10(4) +/- 8.94 vs. 23.2 x 10(4) +/- 3.5, p < 0.05) and 48 h (79 x 10(4) +/- 15.72 vs. 22.2 x 10(4) +/- 4.2, p < 0.05), mainly by mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Pulmonary @entity10178 and @entity13633 were up-regulated in the IRI group. @entity637 , @entity635 , @entity8929 , KC and @entity777 mRNA expression were up-regulated in kidney and lungs 24 h after renal IRI. @entity8024 mRNA was up-regulated in lungs 24 h after renal IRI. Serum @entity637 , @entity635 and @entity8929 and BALF PGE(2) concentrations were increased 24 h after renal IRI. CONCLUSION: Renal IRI induces an increase of cellular infiltration, up-regulation of @entity10178 , @entity13633 and @entity8024 , enhanced chemokine expression and a @entity630 cytokine profile in lung demonstrating that the inflammatory response is indeed systemic, possibly leading to an amplification of @entity8 .

title: Lung inflammation is induced by @entity8 and XXXX as part of the systemic inflammatory syndrome.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['reperfusion injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent case studies on the surgical treatment of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) have introduced a large amount of clinical data. However, there has been no clear consensus on its efficacy. HYPOTHESIS: The current literature can be clarified to address 4 questions: (1) Does treatment for @entity1743 succeed in improving symptoms? (2) In which subset of @entity1 should treatment for @entity1743 be avoided? (3) Is labral refixation superior to simple resection? (4) Does treatment for @entity1743 alter the natural progression of @entity571 in this group of typically young @entity1 ? STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Twenty-three reports of case studies on the surgical treatment of @entity1743 were identified and a systematic review was conducted. Data from each study were collected to answer each of the 4 focus questions. RESULTS: This review of 970 cases included 1 level II evidence trial, 2 level III studies, and 20 level IV studies. Based on @entity1 outcome scores and effect size, all studies demonstrated improvement of @entity1 symptoms. Up to 30% of @entity1 will eventually require total hip arthroplasty; those @entity1 with Outerbridge grade III or IV @entity1844 damage seen intraoperatively or with preoperative radiographs showing greater than Tonnis grade I @entity571 will have worse outcomes with treatment for @entity1743 . Only 2 studies directly compared labral refixation with labral debridement. Several studies reported postoperative @entity571 findings; only a minority of these @entity1 had progression of their @entity571 . CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment for @entity1743 reliably improves @entity1 symptoms in the majority of @entity1 without advanced @entity571 or @entity16 . Early evidence supports labral refixation. It is too soon to predict whether progression of @entity571 is delayed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results may be used to help predict the outcome of surgical treatment of @entity1743 in different @entity1 populations and to assess the need for labral refixation.

title: Efficacy of surgery for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['chondral damage']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['femoroacetabular impingement']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An increasing incidence of @entity1583 has been observed in @entity1 and adults worldwide over the last few decades. @entity565 is a common chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential association between a history of @entity565 and the risk of @entity981 ( @entity981 ), @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). A literature search was performed through PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The I(2) index was used to evaluate heterogeneity and the outcome was measured as the odds ratio (OR) by the random-effects model. A total of 16 case-control studies were included. All the studies were of high quality. The OR for @entity981 was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.19; P=0.45; I(2)=79%]. The OR for @entity3052 was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67-1.08; P=0.19; I(2)=8%). The OR for @entity1893 was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83-1.00; P=0.05; I(2)=0%). @entity565 was found to be inversely associated with the risk of @entity1893 . A negative trend of association of @entity565 with @entity981 and @entity3052 was also observed. However, additional large prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

title: Association of XXXX with the risk of @entity3052 and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is an inexorable @entity179 that commonly occurs in the elderly. The @entity73 caused by @entity195 is associated with abnormal accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are accompanied by @entity32 . Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotential cells that differentiate into distinct neural cells. When transplanted into a diseased brain, NSCs repair and replace injured tissues after migration toward and engraftment within lesions. We investigated the therapeutic effects in an @entity195 @entity19 model of @entity1 NSCs (hNSCs) that derived from an aborted @entity1 fetal telencephalon at 13  weeks of gestation. Cells were transplanted into the cerebral lateral ventricles of neuron-specific enolase promoter-controlled APPsw-expressing (NSE/APPsw) @entity19 at 13  months of age. RESULTS: Implanted cells extensively migrated and engrafted, and some differentiated into neuronal and glial cells, although most hNSCs remained immature. The hNSC transplantation improved spatial memory in these @entity19 , which also showed decreased tau phosphorylation and Ab42 levels and attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis. The hNSC transplantation reduced tau phosphorylation via @entity2250 -dependent @entity584 / @entity9459 signaling, down-regulated Ab production through an @entity584 / @entity9459 signaling-mediated decrease in @entity6705 , and decreased expression of inflammatory mediators through deactivation of microglia that was mediated by cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory factors generated from hNSCs, or both. The hNSC transplantation also facilitated synaptic plasticity and anti-apoptotic function via trophic supplies. Furthermore, the safety and feasibility of hNSC transplantation are supported. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the hNSC transplantation modulates diverse @entity195 pathologies and rescue impaired memory via multiple mechanisms in an @entity195 model. Thus, our data provide tangible preclinical evidence that @entity1 NSC transplantation could be a safe and versatile approach for treating @entity195 @entity1 .

title: @entity1 neural stem cells alleviate Alzheimer-like pathology in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the feasibility of collecting course of @entity221 data from @entity1 with @entity162 , using weekly text-messaged mood ratings, and to examine the time trajectory of symptom ratings based on this method of self-report. METHODS: A total of 62 @entity1 with @entity162 (n = 47) or II (n = 15) disorder provided mood data in response to weekly cell phone text messages (n = 54) or e-mail prompts (n = 8). @entity1 provided weekly ratings using the Altman Self-Rating @entity162 Scale and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report. @entity1 with @entity162 , and @entity1 and @entity1 , were compared on percentages of time in @entity308 or manic mood states over up to two years. RESULTS: @entity1 provided weekly ratings over an average of 36 (range 1-92) weeks. Compliance with the procedure was 75%. Overall, @entity1 reported @entity308 symptoms 47.7% of the time compared to 7% of entries reflecting @entity162 , 8.8% reflecting both @entity308 , and 36.5% reflecting euthymic mood. @entity1 with @entity162 reported more days of @entity308 and were less likely to improve with time than @entity1 with @entity162 . Gender differences observed at the beginning of the study were not observed at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results are similar to those of other longitudinal studies of @entity162 that use traditional retrospective, clinician-gathered mood data. Text-message-based symptom monitoring during routine follow-up may be a reliable alternative to in- @entity1 interviews.

title: The longitudinal course of XXXX as revealed through weekly text messaging: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'bipolar II disorder', 'Mania', 'manic symptoms', 'bipolar I and II disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive and manic symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is scope to improve the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity303 living in residential care facilities (RCF). The DIRECT study will determine if delivery of education to General Practitioners (GPs) and care staff improves the quality of life of residential care recipients with @entity73 . METHODS/DESIGN: A prospective randomised controlled trial conducted in residential aged care facilities in the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. @entity1 are care facility residents, aged 65 years and older and with mini-mental state examination scores less than 25. GPs and care facility staff have been independently randomised to intervention or control groups. An education programme, designed to meet the perceived needs of learners, will be delivered to GPs and care staff in the intervention groups. The primary outcome of the study will be quality of life of the @entity1 with @entity303 , measured using the QOL-Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QOL-AD) and @entity195 Related QOL Scale (ADRQL), 4 weeks and 6 months after the conclusion of the education intervention. RESULTS: Recruitment of 351 @entity1 with @entity303 , cared for by staff in 39 residential facilities and 55 GPs, was undertaken between May 2007 and July 2008. Collection of baseline data is complete. Education has been delivered to GPs and Care staff between September 2008 and July 2009. Follow-up data collection is underway. DISCUSSION: The study results will have tangible implications for proprietors, managers and staff from the residential care sector and policy makers. The results have potential to directly benefit the quality of life of both @entity1 and carers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: These trial methods have been prospectively registered (ACTRN12607000417482).

title: XXXX in residential care: education intervention trial (DIRECT); protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine whether chronic or acute impairment of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) in the brachial artery of smokers can be restored or preserved by the antioxidant @entity270 . BACKGROUND: Transient impairment of endothelial function after heavy cigarette smoking and chronic @entity409 in smokers result at least in part from increased oxidative stress. METHODS: We studied 22 healthy male smokers (mean +/- SD, 23 +/- 9 cigarettes per day) randomly assigned to receive either 600 IU @entity270 per day (n = 11, age 28 +/- 6 years) or placebo (n = 11, age 27 +/- 6 years) for four weeks and 11 age-matched healthy male nonsmokers. Flow mediated vasodilation and endothelium-independent, @entity1242 -induced dilation were assessed in the brachial artery using high resolution ultrasound (7.5 MHz) at baseline and after therapy. Subjects stopped smoking 2 h before the ultrasound examinations. At the end of the treatment period, a third scan was obtained 20 min after smoking a cigarette (0.6 mg @entity1239 , 7 mg tar) to estimate transient impairment of @entity450 . RESULTS: Flow mediated vasodilation at baseline was abnormal in the @entity270 (5.3 +/- 3.8, p < 0.01) and in the placebo group (6.4 +/- 3.5, p < 0.05) compared with nonsmoking controls (11.6 +/- 4.7). Using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effects of @entity270 on @entity450 , we found no effect for the grouping factor (p = 0.5834) in the ANOVA over time but a highly significant difference with respect to time (p = 0.0065). The interaction of the time factor and the grouping factor also proved to be significant (p = 0.0318). Flow mediated vasodilation values remained similar after treatment for four weeks in both groups but declined faster after smoking a cigarette in subjects taking placebo compared with those receiving @entity270 (p values from successive differences for the time/group factor: 0.0001/0.0017). The transient attenuation of @entity450 (calculated as the percent change in @entity450 ) was related to the improvement of the antioxidant status, estimated as percent changes in @entity4466 -reactive substances (r = -0.67, p = 0.0024). @entity1242 -induced dilation did not differ between study groups at baseline or after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that oral supplementation of @entity270 can attenuate transient impairment of endothelial function after heavy smoking due to an improvement of the oxidative status but cannot restore chronic @entity409 within four weeks in healthy male smokers.

title: Effects of @entity270 on chronic and acute XXXX in smokers.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery is the only curative treatment in @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 (LRRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and the prognostic factors of @entity5 -free resection margin (R0) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in LRRC. METHODS: Consecutive LRRC @entity1 observed between 1987 and 2005 in three Italian university hospitals were evaluated. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. In order to identify factors associated with both R0 resection and @entity1349 , a logistic regression analysis was performed in @entity1 who underwent surgery with curative intent. RESULTS: Out of 150 @entity1 with LRRC, 107 underwent surgery, but since 7 were found to have unresectable disease only 100 underwent surgical resection. Of them, 51 underwent radical and 49 extended resection. Sixty of the 107 @entity1 underwent multimodality treatment. In 61 @entity1 , R0 resection was achieved. Median @entity1349 after surgery was 43.4  months. In @entity1 , who had surgery with curative intent, independent variables associated with R0 resection were: surgery for the primary @entity5 performed in other hospitals (p  =  0.042) extended resection (p  =  0.025) and use of positron emission tomography (PET) as a staging modality (p  =  0.03). Independent variables associated with @entity1349 were: post-operative radiotherapy (p  =  0.004), stage of the primary @entity5 (p  =  0.004), R0 resection (p  =  0.00001), and use of PET (0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Resection for LRRC results in improved survival. Other than the well-known prognostic factors R0 resection and @entity1349 , PET scan has an independent impact both on @entity1349 and R0 resection. It should therefore be included in routine clinical practice when staging LRRC.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of local recurrent XXXX : a pooled analysis of 150 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1358 invades the vena cava in 4-10% of cases. Another 10% of @entity1 present with invasion of the renal vein. The surgical approach, complications and long-term outcome of 95 @entity1 were investigated. @entity3816 occurred in 1 of 73 @entity1 with involvement of the renal vein and 5 of 22 @entity1 with vena cava @entity715 . One @entity1 in each group died due to @entity1151 in the perioperative period. @entity177 occurred in 39 (54.2%) and 11 (50%) of the @entity1 respectively. The rates of minor complications such as wound infections, haematoma and @entity55 were similar in the two groups. The mean intra-operative @entity190 of 780 ml in @entity1 undergoing @entity5 nephrectomy was significantly lower than the @entity190 of 1485 ml in @entity1 with @entity5 @entity715 extension into the vena cava. The 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with V1 @entity5 (71%) is comparable to that of @entity1 without @entity1211 . @entity5 extension into the vena cava (V2) influences the 5-year survival rate significantly, decreasing it to 56.7%. In conclusion, long-term survival can be achieved for @entity1 with @entity1358 and @entity1211 , though for @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 or distant @entity3 only short-term palliation can be achieved. However, the potential benefits should be carefully weighed against the possible complications, the surgical morbidity and the resources expended in vena cava resection.

title: [ XXXX invasion by @entity1358 . Surgical technique, complications and survival rate].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Minor renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous involvement']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Venous tumor']


abstract: The aim of this questionnaire-based retrospective study was to ascertain veterinary practitioners in the British Isles' approaches to @entity571 in @entity235 . The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple ordinal logistic regression were used to compare demographic data with treatment options. Questionnaires were returned by 228 practitioners (a response rate of 22.8 per cent). The majority of responses were from males (70 per cent). Eighty-six per cent (188 of 220) of the respondents had graduated from veterinary schools in the UK and Ireland. Veterinarians who had graduated less recently used exercise modulation less frequently (P<0.004, odds ratio [OR]=1.06) and ranked exercise modulation as less important (P=0.008, OR=1.04). Veterinarians who had graduated outside the UK or Ireland were less likely (P=0.033, OR=0.46) to use exercise modulation than those who had graduated in the UK or Ireland. Veterinarians who had graduated more recently were less likely (P=0.008, OR=0.95) to use medications. Female veterinary surgeons were less likely to rank medications as important (P<0.0001, OR=0.29) and less likely to rank corticosteroids as important (P=0.046, OR=0.42) than male veterinary surgeons. Practitioners who had graduated outside the UK or Ireland were less likely (P=0.01, OR=0.30) to rank corticosteroids as important. There was a significant mild negative correlation between the frequency of use of @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) and practitioners' opinions on rank importance (-0.32, P<0.0001). Medications such as @entity2383 and nutraceuticals were ranked as not important but were used frequently. Overall, age, sex, the university of graduation and the number of @entity235 consultations per day had an impact on the practitioners' treatment protocols.

title: Assessment of veterinary practitioners in the British Isles' approaches towards the management of XXXX @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structure-modifying osteoarthritis drugs', 'SMOADs']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The objective of the study was to explore the pathogenesis of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and the mechanism of @entity1092 administration in the early stage of @entity1315 development. We performed a global comparative analysis and function classification of differentially expressed proteins using proteomics. @entity1315 models of developmental @entity35 were induced by @entity1091 - @entity2134 . Proteins in the hippocampus were separated by 2-DE technology. PDQuest software was used to analyze 2-DE images, and @entity215 was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Western blot was used to determine the differential expression levels of synapse-related proteins @entity12148 , @entity22181 and @entity1852 in both @entity1315 @entity35 and @entity1 hippocampus. A total of 48 differentially expressed proteins were identified between spontaneous and non-spontaneous @entity1315 @entity35 , while 41 proteins between @entity1315 @entity35 and post @entity1092 -treatment @entity35 were identified. All of the proteins can be categorized into several groups by biological functions: synaptic and neurotransmitter release, cytoskeletal structure and dynamics, cell junctions, energy metabolism and mitochondrial function, molecular chaperones, signal regulation and others. Western blot results were similar to the changes noted in 2-DE. The differentially expressed proteins, especially the proteins related to synaptic and neurotransmitter release function, such as @entity12148 , @entity22181 and @entity1852 , are probably involved in the mechanism of @entity1315 and the pharmacological effect of @entity1092 . These findings may provide important clues to elucidate the mechanism of chronic @entity1315 and to identify an optimum medication intervention time and new biomarkers for the development of pharmacological therapies targeted at @entity302 .

title: Characterization, using comparative proteomics, of differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of the mesial temporal lobe of @entity302 XXXX following treatment with @entity1092 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['MALDI-TOF-MS']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity2112 @entity1 subject to conservative treatment in daily clinical practice, there have been no ideal methods to evaluate the spinal flexibility for the @entity1 who are scheduled the brace treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of hanging total spine x-ray to estimate the indicative correction angle by brace wearing in @entity2112 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred seventy-six consecutive @entity1 with @entity2112 who were newly prescribed the Osaka Medical College (OMC) brace were studied. The study included 14 @entity1 and 162 @entity1 with a mean age of 13 years and 1 month. The type of curves consisted of 62 thoracic, 23 thoracolumbar, 22 lumbar, 42 double major, 14 double thoracic, and 13 triple curve pattern. We compared the Cobb angles on initial brace wearing (BA) and in @entity2113 ( @entity2113 ). Of those, 108 @entity1 who had main thoracic curves were selected and evaluated the corrective ability of OMC brace. These subjects were divided into three groups according to the relation between BA and @entity2113 (BA < @entity2113 group, BA = @entity2113 group, and BA > @entity2113 group), and then, maturity was compared among them. RESULTS: The average Cobb angle in upright position (UA) of all cases was 31.0    7.8  . The average BA and @entity2113 of all cases were 20.3    9.5   and 21.1    8.4  , respectively. The average chronological age was lowest in BA < @entity2113 group. And also, maturity in BA < @entity2113 group was the lowest among each of them. The rate of BA < @entity2113 cases were decreased as the Risser stage of the @entity1 were progressed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hanging total spine x-ray served as a useful tool to estimate the degree of correction possible curve within the OMC brace for main @entity1514 in @entity2112 . Maturity had some influence on the correlation between @entity2113 and BA. Namely, in immature @entity1 , @entity2113 tended to be larger than BA. In contrast, in mature @entity1 , @entity2113 had a tendency to be smaller than BA. With consideration for spinal flexibility based on maturity, in mature @entity1 , larger BA than @entity2113 may be allowed. However, in immature @entity1 , smaller BA than @entity2113 should be aimed.

title: Significance of hanging total spine x-ray to estimate the indicative correction angle by brace wearing in @entity2112 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['hanging position', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic curve']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity8923 is involved in the inflammation of @entity3918 and PM. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity3918 were enrolled in this study, including 25 with @entity401 ( @entity401 ). In addition, 16 @entity1 with PM were enrolled, including 6 with @entity401 . All @entity1 were admitted to our hospital as a result of their condition requiring treatment, and clinical laboratory data including serum @entity8923 were recorded on admission. RESULTS: Serum @entity8923 was significantly (P   <   0.0001) higher in both @entity3918 and PM @entity1 than in healthy controls (n   =   30). Serum ferritin and @entity8923 were significantly (P   =   0.003 and 0.0044, respectively) higher in @entity3918 than in PM @entity1 . Additionally, ferritin and @entity8923 were significantly (P   =   0.023 and 0.034, respectively) higher in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity401 than in @entity3918 @entity1 without @entity401 . Significant positive correlations were found between @entity908 kinase (CK) and ferritin (r(s)   =   0.39, P   =   0.024); CK and @entity8923 (r(s)   =   0.48, P   =   0.005); and @entity8923 and ferritin (r(s)   =   0.54, P   =   0.0012) in the @entity3918 group as a whole. These findings were different for the @entity3918 plus @entity401 subgroup: significant positive correlations were found between CK and ferritin (r(s)   =   0.40, P   =   0.047); CK and @entity8923 (r(s)   =   0.63, P   =   0.0008); and @entity8923 and ferritin (r(s)   =   0.41, P   =   0.042). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity8923 was strikingly elevated in @entity1 with @entity3918 and was associated particularly with disease activity and @entity401 complication in @entity3918 .

title: @entity8923 is a key mediator in dermatomyositis: potential contribution to development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: @entity551 is a major concern of the anaesthetists whenever @entity510 is performed especially in @entity2143 @entity1 . Vasopressors have been shown to be more effective at limiting spinal @entity551 than other treatment of @entity551 like preloading and left uterine displacement. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of bolus intravenous @entity6358 with @entity2647 for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. This was a randomized, double blind, controlled study of sixty two healthy parturients American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) status 1 and 2 at term with singleton pregnancy who consented to @entity510 at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The parturients were preloaded with 10 ml per kg of crystalloid before the induction of spinal anaesthesia with injection of 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 at L3/L4 levels. @entity6358 5 mg (group A; n = 31) or @entity2647 100 ug (group B; n = 31) was given for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure. Results showed that the incidence of @entity551 in the 62 @entity1 was 24.2%. Both vasopressors effectively restored both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure. There was significant difference in heart rate between the two groups. @entity390 occurred in both groups and was found in @entity551 @entity1 , no @entity1 vomited during the procedure. The mean APGAR Scores were similar for the two groups; no baby had Apgar score of < 8 in either group. We concluded that @entity2647 is safe and can be used as effectively as @entity6358 . Its administration results in higher blood pressure than @entity6358 in parturients undergoing Caesarean Section under spinal anaesthesia.

title: Comparison of intravenous @entity6358 with XXXX for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['Ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: Fifty-five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 42 @entity1 with suspected @entity3554 involvement were reviewed. Cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry identified 26 CSF specimens as malignant. There were fifteen cases of @entity706 , four cases of @entity1778 , two cases of @entity189 , and two cases of @entity320 . A monoclonal light chain expression was demonstrated in nine out of eleven B cell lymphomas. The three @entity784 all expressed pan T markers (CD 3) and two the T-helper antigen ( @entity404 ). One @entity1 had meningeal involvement of a true @entity4812 which was identified by its large atypical cells which were positive for alpha-1-anti-trypsin and muramidase. In four @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity981 , CSF involvement was confirmed by the demonstration of blasts with @entity2282 ( @entity2282 ) or light chain restriction. Epithelial or melanocytic markers were demonstrated on the @entity5 cells in CSF from the remaining four @entity1 . In 29 CSF specimens a diagnosis of @entity6113 was made using cytomorphology which mostly was characterized by macrophages mixed with small mature lymphoid cells. Immunologic evaluation showed that these mature cells were @entity2282 negative T-cells and only few specimens contained polyclonal B-cells. The subsequent clinical course of these @entity1 showed no evidence of CNS @entity5 . It is concluded that cytology should be used in conjunction with immunocytochemistry to accurately evaluate CSF specimens from @entity1 with possible @entity3554 .

title: Diagnosis of @entity706 , XXXX , and metastatic @entity5 involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid by cytology and immunocytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal tumor', 'malignant meningitis']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) infusion during surgery reduces shivering during spinal anesthesia. DESIGN: Double-blinded placebo-controlled, randomized trial. SETTING: Operation room of a university hospital. @entity1 : 60 @entity1 , aged 40 to 70 years, scheduled for elective transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) during spinal anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity510 consisting of hyperbaric @entity1341 three mL 0.5% was injected using a 25-G Quincke spinal needle. @entity1 received either saline (Group C, n = 30) or @entity2400 (Group Mg, n = 30). Group Mg received an intravenous (IV) bolus of @entity2400 80 mg/kg via syringe pump over a 30-minute period, followed by a two g/hr infusion during the intraoperative period. Group C received an equal volume of saline. MEASUREMENTS: Motor blockade was evaluated by Bromage motor scale. Sensory block level was assessed by pinprick test. Shivering was assessed after the completion of subarachnoid drug injection. Side effects were recorded. MAIN RESULTS: @entity2332 was observed in all @entity1 (100%) in Group Mg and in 24 @entity1 (80%) in Group C (P = 0.024). The decrease in core temperature in Group Mg was significantly greater (P < 0.005). Shivering was observed in two @entity1 (6.7%) in Group Mg and 20 @entity1 (66.7%) in Group C (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2400 infusion in the perioperative period significantly reduced shivering during TURP with spinal anesthesia. @entity2400 infusion prevents shivering in @entity1 receiving spinal anesthesia but increases the risk of @entity2332 .

title: XXXX infusion prevents shivering during transurethral prostatectomy with spinal anesthesia: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal treatment of @entity1 with "borderline resectable @entity788 (BRTs)" needs to be established. Current protocols advise neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, although some @entity1 may appear to have BRT on preoperative imaging and a complete resection may be achieved without the need for vascular resection. The aim of the present study was to identify specific findings on preoperative imaging that could help predict in which @entity1 with BRT a complete resection, with or without vascular resection (VR), could be achieved. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with BRTs were identified. @entity5 location, maximum degree of circumferential contact (CC), length of contact of the @entity5 with major vessels (LC), and luminal narrowing of vessels at the point of contact with the @entity5 ( @entity85 , VD) were graded on preoperatively acquired multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images and then compared with the intraoperative findings and need for VR. RESULTS: A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 10 @entity1 with 2 having microscopic positive margins (R1) on histopathology at the uncinate margin. Four of the 10 @entity1 required VR (40%). In 3 of the 4 @entity1 whose @entity5 required VRs, CC was >= grade III and VD was grade 2. LC did not influence the need for VR. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to achieve a complete resection at the first instance in @entity1 found to have BRTs on preoperative imaging. Preoperative MDCT-based grading systems and our proposed criteria may help identify such @entity1 , thus avoiding any delay in curative resections in such @entity1 .

title: Borderline resectable XXXX : is there a need for further refinement of this stage?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['venous deformity']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate allelic losses on chromosomes 5q, 8p, 17p, and 18q in @entity14 with histopathologic features of known prognostic significance. DESIGN: DNA was extracted from paired samples of 56 fresh-frozen @entity14 (one classified as Dukes' stage A, 22 as Dukes' stage B, 27 as Dukes' stage C, and six as @entity5 ) and adjacent normal mucosa. SETTING: Specimens were resected at the University of Chicago (Ill) and the University of Padova (Italy) in 1991. @entity1 : Samples were obtained from consecutive @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Chromosomes 5q, 8p, 17p, and 18q were studied for loss of heterozygosity by means of Southern hybridization blot analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and the results were correlated with pathologic @entity5 stage, degree of differentiation, and lymphatic and/or vascular microinvasion. RESULTS: Chromosomes 17p and 18q exhibited the highest frequency of loss of heterozygosity (40.6% and 48.8%, respectively). Most of the allelic losses were found in advanced @entity5 (60% in Dukes' stages C and D combined). A statistically significant correlation was found between loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p and the presence of lymphatic and/or vascular microinvasion (P < .01, Fisher's Exact Test). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p and the presence of lymphatic and/or vascular microinvasion in @entity14 , a known stage-independent negative prognostic risk factor. Detection of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p may identify a group of @entity1 who may benefit from more aggressive surgical and/or early adjuvant therapy.

title: Chromosome 17p allelic loss in XXXX . Clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', "Dukes'stage D"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Connective tissue cells isolated from @entity99 (GR cells), induced in @entity19 liver tissue by @entity281 , are able to sustain myelopoiesis, while other connective tissue cells such as skin fibroblasts (SF) are not. 2. We compared the ability of SF and GR cells to sustain in vitro proliferation of the @entity19 myeloid cell line, dependent upon @entity3019 or @entity2304 . 3. Only the GR stroma sustained the proliferation of co-cultured @entity19 cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that both cell lines expressed the message for @entity2304 , but not for @entity3019 . We showed that @entity2304 was produced by, and remained bound to the cell layer through heparan @entity597 ; this growth factor could be released by high-salt treatment in a biologically active form from both cell types. The same activity could be restored to @entity1219 -treated GR cells, but not to SF, by incubation with recombinant @entity19 @entity2304 . 4. These results indicate that the ability of connective tissue cells to sustain myelopoiesis depends directly upon the capacity of their heparan @entity597 -bearing molecules to bind and present the @entity2304 to the target cells in a biologically active form. Alternatively, a yet unidentified set of cell layer-associated molecules may be required for the positive or negative control of the membrane-bound @entity2304 .

title: Myelopoietic competence of stroma composed of XXXX -derived connective tissue cells or skin fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomal infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic granulomas']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic granuloma']


abstract: Purpose To determine the feasibility of dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) with an @entity1496 overlay image (IOI) for evaluation of @entity5144 in the hand. Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from all @entity1 were obtained. This prospective study included 16 @entity1 who had @entity1569 with @entity2720 from January 2015 to January 2016. Contrast material-enhanced (CE) DE CT and 1.5-T CE magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed within 1 month of each other. DE CT was performed with a tube voltage of 80 kV and 140 kV with use of a 0.4-mm tin filter. Images acquired with both modalities were evaluated by two radiologists independently by using a semiquantitative scoring system. Interreader agreement was calculated for each modality: Weighted k values were calculated for @entity603 , flexor @entity2762 , and extensor peritendonitis, and k values were calculated for periarticular @entity32 . With consensus scores and CE MR images as the reference, the sensitivity and specificity of IOI DE CT for inflammatory lesions were calculated. Statistical analysis of discordant readings was performed by using the McNemar test. Results Interreader agreement for inflammatory lesions was excellent or good (weighted k = 0.83 and k = 0.75 in IOI DE CT; weighted k = 0.81 and k = 0.87 in CE MR imaging). The sensitivity and specificity of IOI DE CT were 0.78 and 0.87, respectively. Total agreement was 86.3%; however, there were significantly more lesions detected with IOI DE CT than with CE MR imaging alone (134 vs 20 lesions in 1120 evaluated items; P < .001). Sixty-nine percent of the abnormalities detected with IOI DE CT alone were located in distal interphalangeal joints. Conclusion IOI DE CT is a new imaging modality that may be useful for evaluating @entity5144 in the hand, particularly in the detection of inflammatory lesions in small joints, and may be more useful than CE MR imaging, within the limitation that there is no histopathologic reference. (  ) RSNA, 2017.

title: Initial Experience of Using Dual-Energy CT with an @entity1496 Overlay Image for Hand XXXX : Comparison Study with Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['finger joint symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['Psoriatic Arthritis']


abstract: Given its availability and low price, @entity653 has become an ideal feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. We recently reported the pathways mediating the metabolism of @entity653 in @entity526 under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. In this work, we engineer @entity526 for the efficient conversion of @entity653 to @entity23599 ( @entity6853 ), a negligible product of @entity653 metabolism in wild-type strains. A homofermentative route for @entity6853 production was engineered by overexpressing pathways involved in the conversion of @entity653 to this product and blocking those leading to the synthesis of competing by-products. The former included the overexpression of the enzymes involved in the conversion of @entity653 to glycolytic intermediates (GlpK-GlpD and GldA-DHAK pathways) and the synthesis of @entity6853 from @entity2388 ( @entity6853 dehydrogenase). On the other hand, the synthesis of @entity4588 , @entity598 , and @entity1068 was minimized through two strategies: (i) inactivation of @entity2388 -formate lyase (DeltapflB) and fumarate reductase (DeltafrdA) (strain LA01) and (ii) inactivation of @entity8516 reductase (DeltafrdA), @entity1391 acetyltransferase (Deltapta), and @entity167 / @entity3094 dehydrogenase (DeltaadhE) (strain LA02). A mutation that blocked the aerobic @entity6853 dehydrogenase (Deltadld) also was introduced in both LA01 and LA02 to prevent the utilization of @entity6853 . The most efficient strain (LA02Deltadld, with GlpK-GlpD overexpressed) produced 32 g/liter of @entity6853 from 40 g/liter of @entity653 at a yield of 85% of the theoretical maximum and with a chiral purity higher than 99.9%. This strain exhibited maximum volumetric and specific productivities for @entity6853 production of 1.5 g/liter/h and 1.25 g/g cell mass/h, respectively. The engineered homolactic route generates 1 to 2 mol of @entity855 per mol of @entity6853 and is redox balanced, thus representing a viable metabolic pathway.

title: @entity526 strains engineered for homofermentative production of XXXX from @entity653 .

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity6853 :: ('CHEBI:16004', 'Chemical') :: ['d-lactate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity23599 :: ('CHEBI:42111', 'Chemical') :: ['d-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity23599 :: (CHEBI:42111,Chemical) :: ['D-lactic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of our study was to investigate the molecular underpinnings associated with the relatively aggressive @entity263 (PCa) in African American (AA) compared to @entity7593 ( @entity7593 ) @entity1 using a genome-wide approach. METHODS: AA and @entity7593 @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) were frequency matched for age at RP, Gleason grade, and @entity5 stage. Array-CGH (BAC SpectralChip2600) was used to identify genomic regions with significantly different DNA copy number between the groups. Gene expression profiling of the same set of @entity5 was also evaluated using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Concordance between copy number alteration and gene expression was examined. A second aCGH analysis was performed in a larger validation cohort using an oligo-based platform (Agilent 244K). RESULTS: BAC-based array identified 27 chromosomal regions with significantly different copy number changes between the AA and @entity5 in the first cohort (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). Copy number alterations in these 27 regions were also significantly associated with gene expression changes. aCGH performed in a larger, independent cohort of AA and @entity5 validated 4 of the 27 (15%) most significantly altered regions from the initial analysis (3q26, 5p15-p14, 14q32, and 16p11). Functional annotation of overlapping genes within the 4 validated regions of AA/ @entity7593 DNA copy number changes revealed significant enrichment of genes related to immune response. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal molecular alterations at the level of gene expression and DNA copy number that are specific to African @entity263 and may be related to underlying differences in immune response.

title: Copy number and gene expression differences between African American and Caucasian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['clinical behavior of prostate cancer', 'American and Caucasian prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CA tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'Caucasian American']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['American prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Supportive therapy is often used in everyday clinical care and in evaluative studies of other treatments. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of supportive therapy for @entity1 with @entity161 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity161 Group's register of trials (January 2004), supplemented by manual reference searching and contact with authors of relevant reviews or studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials involving @entity1 with @entity161 and comparing supportive therapy with any other treatment or standard care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reliably selected studies, quality rated these and extracted data. For dichotomous data, we estimated the relative risk (RR) fixed effect with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where possible, we undertook intention-to-treat analyses. For statistically significant results, we calculated the number needed to treat/harm (NNT/H). We estimated heterogeneity (I-square technique) and publication bias. MAIN RESULTS: We included 21 relevant studies. We found no significant differences in the primary outcomes between supportive therapy and standard care. There were, however, significant differences favouring other psychological or psychosocial treatments over supportive therapy. These included hospitalisation rates (3 RCTs, n=241, RR 2.12 CI 1.2 to 3.6, NNT 8) but not relapse rates (5 RCTs, n=270, RR 1.18 CI 0.9 to 1.5). We found that the results for general functioning significantly favoured cognitive behavioural therapy compared with supportive therapy in the short (1 RCT, n=70, WMD -9.50 CI -16.1 to -2.9), medium (1 RCT, n=67, WMD -12.6 CI -19.4 to -5.8) and long term (2 RCTs, n=78, @entity7126 -0.50 CI -1.0 to -0.04), but the clinical significance of these findings based on few data is unclear. @entity1 were less likely to be satisfied with care if receiving supportive therapy compared with cognitive behavioural treatment (1 RCT, n=45, RR 3.19 CI 1.0 to 10.1, NNT 4 CI 2 to 736). The results for mental state and symptoms were unclear in the comparisons with other therapies. No data were available to assess the impact of supportive therapy on engagement with structured activities. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are insufficient data to identify a difference in outcome between supportive therapy and standard care. There are several outcomes, including hospitalisation and general mental state, indicating advantages for other psychological therapies over supportive therapy but these findings are based on a few small studies. Future research would benefit from larger trials that use supportive therapy as the main treatment arm rather than the comparator.

title: Supportive therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Risk assessment of @entity2359 is mainly based on in vivo exposure, followed by tests on behaviour, physiology and pathology. In this study, an attempt to estimate lowest observed @entity2359 doses after single or repeated dose exposure was performed. Differentiated @entity1 @entity521 SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to @entity3323 , @entity7295 , @entity12708 , @entity11093 , @entity3174 , @entity3175 or @entity5834 for 72 hours. The effects on protein synthesis and intracellular free @entity141 concentration were studied as physiological endpoints. Voltage operated @entity141 channel function, @entity934 receptor function and neurite degenerative effects were investigated as neurospecific endpoints for excitability, cholinergic signal transduction and axonopathy, respectively. The @entity137 , determined as the total cellular protein levels after the 72 hours exposure period, was used for comparison to the specific endpoints and for estimation of acute lethality. The lowest concentration that induced 20% effect (EC20) obtained for each compound, was used as a surrogate for the lowest @entity2359 level (LOEL) at the target site in vivo. The LOELs were integrated with data on adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the compounds in physiologically-based biokinetic (PBBK) models of the @entity35 and the lowest observed effective doses (LOEDs) were estimated for the test compounds. A good correlation was observed between the estimated LOEDs and experimental LOEDs found in literature for @entity35 for all test compounds, except for @entity3175 . However, when using in vitro data from the literature on @entity3175 's effect on @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )A receptor function for the estimation of LOED, the correlation between the estimated and experimental LOEDs was improved from a 10,000-fold to a 10-fold difference. Our results indicate that it is possible to estimate LOEDs by integrating in vitro @entity137 data as surrogates for lowest observed target tissue levels with PBBK models, provided that some knowledge about toxic mechanisms is known.

title: Integration of in vitro XXXX data with biokinetic modelling for the estimation of in vivo @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity12708 :: ('MESH:D010278', 'Chemical') :: ['parathion']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['general cytotoxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-amino butyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with abusive @entity542 (AHT) have diffuse @entity75 with potentially fatal @entity4 . The pathogenesis of the @entity75 remains unclear. We hypothesize that @entity75 in AHT is due to @entity63 with @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) rather than primary @entity131 ( @entity131 ) with traumatic @entity21 (tDAI). METHODS: We studied brain tissue of AHT victims. Primary outcome measure was the presence of primary traumatic versus @entity2806 . The diagnosis of tDAI followed a standardized semiquantitative diagnostic approach yielding a 4-tiered grading scheme (definite, possible, improbable, and none). In addition, results of quantitative immunohistochemical analysis in a subgroup of AHT victims with instant @entity204 were compared with matched @entity6884 controls. RESULTS: In our cohort of 50 AHT victims, none had definite tDAI (no tDAI in 30, tDAI possible in 2, and tDAI improbable in 18). Instead, all AHT victims showed morphological findings indicative of @entity2806 . Furthermore, the subgroup with instant @entity204 showed significantly higher counts of damaged axons with accumulation of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) in the brainstem adjacent to the central pattern generator of respiratory activity (CPG) (odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, brain weight, and @entity477 -count in other regions   =   3.1; 95  % confidence interval   =   1.2 to 7.7; p   =   0.015). CONCLUSIONS: AHT victims in our cohort do not have diffuse @entity131 or tDAI. Instead, our findings indicate that the @entity75 in AHT is the due to @entity63 probably as the result of @entity1576 due to local damage to parts of the CPG in the brainstem.

title: @entity75 and @entity204 in @entity1 with abusive @entity542 is due to @entity63 following local XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury', 'hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['brain trauma to vital brainstem centers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has been recommended to include levels I-III for @entity320 @entity1 who have evidence of @entity3 in the axillary @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). The extent of the subsequent axillary dissection is in debate. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of @entity3 of level III nodes in addition to that of level II nodes in this setting. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective study was undertaken in 14 @entity320 treatment centers in Japan. RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2012, 69 @entity1 with involved axillary SLNs underwent a subsequent @entity1600 and 55 underwent level I and II dissections. Level III metastatic nodes, which is our primary endpoint, were seen in only 1 @entity1 (1.5  %). The level II metastatic rate was 4.4  %. CONCLUSIONS: Our study sample size was small, but @entity320 @entity1 with positive @entity1600 rarely had level III disease, suggesting that level III dissection may be unnecessary. We also found that level II @entity3 was not so frequent. More evidence is needed to standardize the extent of @entity1600 and to identify the @entity1 who would have the most benefit with undergoing level II dissection for positive axillary SLNs.

title: Frequency of level II and III axillary nodes metastases in XXXX with positive sentinel lymph nodes in @entity320 : a multi-institutional study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Axillary lymph node dissection', 'sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the variation of the number of histologically detected @entity420 of the prostate in the Netherlands during the period 1990-1996. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: National study. METHOD: Use was made of data from the National Automated Morbid-Anatomical Record Department (PALGA), Utrecht. The following data were established for each year of the study period: the total number of histological examinations of the prostate, the number of @entity1 involved (often several histological examinations of the prostate of the same @entity1 in the same year), how often @entity420 was diagnosed by these examinations and how many @entity1 were involved, as well as the age of all @entity189 @entity1 . These data were compared with those concerning variation and incidence of @entity263 from the Netherlands. Cancer Registration and the Central Statistics Office. RESULTS: In 7 years a total of 205,525 histological examinations of the prostate were performed in 179,298 @entity1 ; the diagnosis ' @entity263 ' was made 52,964 times in 44,182 @entity1 . The number of tissue examinations with the diagnosis ' @entity263 ' increased by 63% (from 5,596 to 9,146), the number of @entity1 in whom this diagnosis was made increased by 62% (from 4,710 to 7,614). The relative frequency of @entity263 in relation to all examinations of the prostate increased in 6 years (1991-1996) from 22% to 28%. In that period, the (uncorrected) incidence increased by 50%, while mortality corrected for age remained the same. CONCLUSION: Of the marked increase of the number of detected cases of @entity263 in the study period, only a small part could be attributed to demographic changes. Since autopsies have shown that there exists a large 'stock' of subclinical @entity189 , most of the growth can probably be explained by the more intensive diagnostics with @entity1486 and transrectal ultrasonography.

title: [A marked increase in the rate of diagnosed XXXX in the Netherlands during 1990-1996].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the prostate', 'cancer of the prostate obtained']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity3102 was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1981. By November 1984 the Committee on Safety of Medicines had received 82 reports of possible hepatotoxicity associated with the drug, including five @entity204 . An analysis of the 75 cases that had been adequately followed up suggested that 16, including three @entity204 , were probably related to treatment with the drug. Of the remainder, 48 were possibly related to treatment, five were unlikely to be so, and six were unclassifiable. The mean age of @entity1 in the 16 probable cases was 57.9, with hepatotoxicity being more common in @entity1 . The average duration of treatment before the onset of @entity1087 was 61 days. None of these well validated cases occurred within the first 10 days after treatment. The results of serum liver function tests suggested @entity99 in 10 (63%); the rest showed a mixed pattern. In contrast, the results of histological examination of the liver often showed evidence of @entity1448 . The characteristics of the 48 @entity1 in the possible cases were similar. Allergic manifestations such as @entity1910 and @entity1712 were rare. @entity99 was usually reversible when treatment was stopped, with the results of liver function tests returning to normal after an average of 3.1 months. In two of the three @entity204 probably associated with @entity3102 treatment the drug had been continued after the onset of @entity1087 and other symptoms of @entity99 . Clinical and biochemical monitoring at regular intervals for evidence of @entity99 is advised during long term treatment with @entity3102 to prevent possible serious @entity99 .

title: Hepatic reactions associated with XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular injury', 'Hepatitis', 'hepatic injury', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Accurate perception of airway caliber remains an important issue in @entity565 management. The way bronchodilation is perceived is partly related to the perception of the efficacy of bronchodilators in relieving complaints. In the present study, we compared the effects of @entity10453 , @entity6410 and placebo on relief of @entity112 -induced @entity565 symptoms and mild bronchusobstruction. METHODS: In this randomized controlled, double blind study, 30 asthmatics were challenged with @entity112 until forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) fell with > or =20%. Subjects received @entity10453 , @entity6410 or placebo after the @entity112 provocation. Pulmonary function (FEV(1)) and @entity565 symptoms (Asthma Symptom Checklist, Borg Dyspnea Scale) were assessed 5 and 20 min later. RESULTS: FEV(1) improved significantly more in the @entity10453 and @entity6410 group than in the placebo group (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). @entity10453 and @entity6410 were not different with regard to the pulmonary function recovery. No significant differences were found between the effects of @entity10453 , @entity6410 and placebo on any of the symptom responses at the different time points. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that after a @entity112 -induced mild bronchusobstruction, a similar @entity565 symptom recovery occurred when inhaling @entity10453 , @entity6410 or placebo, despite better recovery of pulmonary function in the active drug conditions.

title: Effects of long-acting bronchodilators and placebo on XXXX -induced @entity565 symptoms and mild bronchusobstruction.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol', 'Salmeterol']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: Pressure ulcer incidence varies between 1 and 56% in intensive care and prevention is an important quest for nursing staff. @entity3124 @entity1 that develop pressure @entity1066 suffer from increased morbidity and mortality and also requires prolonged intensive care. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses' and enrolled nurses' (1) attitudes, (2) knowledge and (3) perceived barriers and opportunities towards pressure ulcer prevention, in an ICU setting. These are important aspects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a conceptual framework when trying to predict, understand and change specific behaviours. METHOD: The study is descriptive. Questionnaires were distributed to registered nurses and enrolled nurses in four ICUs in a Swedish hospital. RESULTS: The mean score regarding attitude was 34    4. Correct categorisation of pressure @entity1066 was made by 46.8% of nursing staff with enrolled nurses having significantly less correct categorisation (p=0.019). Pressure relief (97.3%) and nutritional support (36.1%) were the most frequently reported preventive measures. Reported barriers were lack of time (57.8%) and severely ill @entity1 (28.9%); opportunities were knowledge (38%) and access to pressure relieving equipment (35.5%). CONCLUSION: This study highlights areas where measures can be made to facilitate pressure ulcer prevention in intensive care units, such as raising knowledge and making pressure ulcer prevention a part of daily care.

title: Knowledge, attitudes and barriers towards prevention of pressure XXXX in intensive care units: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: To investigate the epidemiologic factors in Jingan and Tonggu counties, high incidence areas of @entity5 , the 306 @entity1 -control pairs were studied in 1980. These @entity1 with various stages of @entity5 were pathologically diagnosed in mass screening. The controls were healthy @entity1 of the same tribe and occupation, living in the same village as the @entity1 . The age difference between the @entity1 and the controls were not over 2-3 years. The ratio of the @entity1 to the controls was 1:1. 36 doubtful factors were investigated by direct inquiry with uniform tables. After statistical analysis, it was found that sexual activity, smegma and cervical erosion are the high risk factors in causing @entity5 . These three factors coexist, the relative risk was 11.2. It suggests that these factors have a comprehensive effect in causing @entity5 . In view of the above, we suggested a preliminary plan for preventing and blocking of the development of @entity5 and experiments in Jingan county are being carried out.

title: [Epidemiologic factors in XXXX --investigation on 306 pairs of partners. Jiangxi Co-operative Group of Cervical @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']