abstract: BACKGROUND: In the European Alps emergency medical helicopter services are regularly involved in avalanche rescue missions. How the helicopter emergency medical system best supports avalanche rescue missions is controversial. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study advantages and limitations of the early dispatch of emergency medical helicopters after @entity64 . METHODS: Data on rescue mission characteristics and patterns and severity of medical @entity341 were obtained for 221 helicopter avalanche rescue missions performed in the Austrian province of Tyrol between October 2008 and June 2011. RESULTS: A buried avalanche victim had to be searched for in only 12 (5.5%) of the 221 rescue missions, whereas medical @entity341 were encountered at the scene in 24 missions (11%). Survival rate for totally buried victims extricated after helicopter arrival was significantly lower than for victims extricated before helicopter arrival (19% versus 74%, p=0.0002). In 124 missions (56%) no victim was present at the scene when the helicopter arrived. Medical @entity341 involved normothermic @entity1167 (n=11), severe @entity2332 (n=6), critical @entity130 (n=7) and @entity2332 combined with critical @entity130 (n=1). Survival rate at hospital discharge was 27% for arrested normothermic @entity1 and 50% for @entity130 and @entity2332 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Medical @entity341 are encountered at avalanche scenes twice as often as there is need to search for totally buried victims, clearly supporting the immediate dispatch of medical crew members to the accident site. The high rate of emergency medical helicopter operations to avalanche incidents where no victim is injured or buried may be characteristic for densely populated mountainous regions and can be reduced by a restrictive dispatch policy after @entity64 without clear information about @entity1 involvement.

title: Emergency medical helicopter operations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['avalanche accidents']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['avalanche accidents']


abstract: This study was undertaken to develop a time- and cost-effective method for the detection of @entity3303 , @entity10541 , @entity5403 , @entity1341 , and @entity39205 by HPLC/UV. The chromatographic system consisted of a C18-column (300 x 3.9 mm) for reversed-phase chromatography and a mobile phase of 30% @entity1626 and 70% 0.05 M @entity10457 buffer. For the analysis of @entity3303 , @entity10541 , and @entity5403 , the buffer was adjusted to pH 5.8. The buffer for the analysis of @entity1341 and @entity39205 was adjusted to pH 3.5. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. UV detection took place at a wavelength of 210 nm. All blood samples were taken from a central venous line. After plasma separation, 1 microgram (100 microliters) of internal standard was added to 1 ml plasma. The samples were alkalized and extracted with ether, followed by the extraction of the organic phase in 250 microliters 0.05 N @entity4197 ; 50 microliters of this solution was injected into the system. The chromatographic system allowed the separation of @entity1341 and @entity39205 (pH 3.5) as well as @entity3303 and @entity10541 or @entity5403 (pH 5.8). Separation of @entity5403 and @entity10541 in one run was not satisfactory. Recovery rates for all local anesthetic substances were about 90%, standard variations below 3%, and coefficients of variation below 2%. The detection limit was about 30 ng/ml. The method is suitable for clinical practice. Only minor methodological modifications are necessary for the detection of the @entity6346 local anesthetics in current clinical use.

title: [The quantitative analysis of XXXX local anesthetics using high pressure liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV)].

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity4197 :: ('CHEBI:26836', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphuric acid']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity39205 :: ('MESH:D005041', 'Chemical') :: ['etidocaine']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: The performance of tongue muscles in various feeding behaviours is not well defined. This study was undertaken to examine the role of the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles during natural drinking, food ingestion and chewing. Ten 12-week-old Yucatan miniature @entity1707 (5 in each gender) were used. Under anesthesia, fine-wire electrodes were inserted into three intrinsic (verticalis and transversus [V/T]; superior and @entity75 [SL and IL]) and two extrinsic (genioglossus [GG] and styloglossus [SG]) tongue muscles and two jaw muscles (masseter [MA] and anterior digastricus [DI]). Electromyogram (EMG) and jaw movement were recorded and synchronized when @entity1707 were drinking water, ingesting and chewing food freely. @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), onset of activation, burst duration and integrated activity (IEMG) were assessed quantitatively, and EMG activities during drinking and ingestion were examined qualitatively. Results indicate that during chewing, the V/T and GG had one phase of activity starting at early jaw opening, and the V/T activity lasted through late of jaw closing. The SL, IL and SG had double phases with the first starting at jaw opening and the second at late jaw closing phases. The three intrinsic tongue muscles and the SG were active during 35-48% of the chewing cycle. IEMG values of the SL, IL and SG of both sides were significantly greater compared to the other muscles (p<0.05-0.01). Both the SL and the IL showed significantly higher activities in the contralateral than ipsilateral sides (p<0.05). The timing sequences of both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles were similar between ingestion and chewing, but amplitudes of the GG and IL were greatly enhanced and those of the MA and SL were reduced during ingestion. The simultaneous activation of the MA, GG and V/T were seen during drinking, along with major activity in the GG and V/T. These results suggested that the majority of activity in the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles occurred during jaw opening and the occlusal phases of chewing. The activity of the GG and IL played a major role during ingestion, whereas simultaneous activation of @entity121 and major activity in the GG and V/T occurred during drinking.

title: Roles of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles in feeding: electromyographic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior longitudinalis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['jaw, extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['Chewing frequency', 'CF']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity189 associated fibroblasts (CAFs) form the main constituents of @entity5 stroma and play an important role in @entity5 growth and invasion. The presence of CAFs is a strong predictor of poor prognosis of @entity213 . Despite significant progress in determining the role of CAFs in @entity5 progression, the mechanisms contributing to their activation remain poorly characterized, in part due to fibroblast heterogeneity and the scarcity of reliable fibroblast surface markers. To search for such markers in @entity957 ( @entity957 ), we applied a novel approach that uses RNA-sequencing data derived from the @entity5 (TCGA). Specifically, our strategy allowed for an unbiased identification of genes whose expression was closely associated with a set of bona fide stroma-specific transcripts, namely the interstitial collagens @entity13239 , @entity4173 , and @entity1414 . Among the top hits were genes involved in cellular matrix remodeling and @entity5 invasion and migration, including @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ), which was found to be the highest-ranking receptor protein genome-wide. Similar analyses performed on ten additional TCGA @entity5 datasets revealed that other @entity5 types shared CAF markers with @entity957 , including @entity3820 , which was found to significantly correlate with the reference collagen expression in ten of the 11 @entity5 types tested. Subsequent immunostaining of @entity957 specimens demonstrated that @entity3820 was abundantly expressed in stromal fibroblasts of all tested cases (12/12), while it was absent in @entity5 cells, with greater specificity than other known markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin or podoplanin (3/11). Overall, this study identified @entity3820 as a novel marker of stromal activation in @entity957 , and further characterized a list of promising candidate CAF markers that may be relevant to other @entity189 . Our novel approach provides for a fast and accurate method to identify CAF markers without the need for large-scale immunostaining experiments.

title: XXXX Is a Novel Marker of Stromal Activation in Oral @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer genome atlas', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFRb', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3820 :: (5159,Gene) :: ['PDGFRb']


abstract: Peripheral blood T cell phenotypes, CD3-induced mitogenesis and soluble @entity3647 and @entity405 in sera were studied in intestinal and @entity2040 mansoni before and three to six months after therapy with @entity2039 . Fifteen pairs matched for intensity of infection were analyzed and compared with local, non-infected age-matched controls. CD3+ cell counts were lower in untreated @entity2040 (median 1040 cells/microliters; 95% confidence interval 608-1269) compared to controls (1534; 1264-1620). This difference was largely accounted for by immature @entity4897 +/CD3-cells circulating in these @entity1 (median 388/microliters, 252-474). The frequency of @entity4897 + T cells in circulation decreased drastically after chemotherapy. Similar, but less marked, alterations were seen in @entity1213 . Lymphocyte proliferation initiated by agonistic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was severely impaired in hepatosplenic @entity1 , who had suffered @entity548 , but not in the cases of incipient @entity382 . Soluble @entity405 antigen circulated in increased amounts in @entity2040 . Remarkably, a negative correlation between CD3-induced mitogenesis and circulating levels of @entity405 was noted in these @entity1 . Whereas CD3-induced mitogenesis in @entity2040 normalized after therapy, circulating @entity2902 and @entity405 antigen in hepatosplenic @entity1 still exceeded control levels. The results demonstrate disturbances of CD3 and @entity405 expression and/or T cell maturation in @entity2040 . Imbalanced @entity404 / @entity405 ratios and an increased @entity2902 / @entity405 turnover may reflect an inhibitory circuit within the T cell compartment.

title: T cell phenotype alterations in XXXX mansoni normalize after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis', 'hepatosplenic schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['hepatosplenic schistosomiasis']


abstract: In an attempt to develop gene therapy for @entity259 , the present studies were undertaken to evaluate in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy and @entity137 of herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (HSV-tk) gene and @entity4540 (GCV) treatment, a widely used prodrug/suicide gene therapy, in @entity1 @entity259 cell lines, FRO and WRO cells, using a means of retrovirus-mediated gene transduction. In vitro experiments demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cell killing by transduction of the HSV-tk gene followed by GCV treatment. The IC50 (the concentration required to elicit 50% growth inhibition) shifted from 250 to 0.5 mg/liter in FRO cells, and from 3,000 to 0.09 mg/liter in WRO cells with therapeutic indexes of 500 and 33,000, respectively. Treatment with 30 mg/liter GCV for 4 days led to complete cell death in HSV-tk @entity5 cells. Nontransduced cells mixed with transduced cells were also effectively killed by GCV (bystander effect). Low concentrations of GCV, which alone showed @entity137 , enhanced radiation-induced @entity137 (radiosensitization). In vivo sc FRO-tk @entity5 models in @entity19 also showed dose- and time-dependent @entity5 regression. The IC50 was less than 2 mg/kg, and treatment with 100 mg/kg GCV for 2 weeks completely eradicated all @entity5 . The bystander effect and radiosensitization were also obtained in vivo. These results suggest that the HSV-tk/GCV approach to @entity1 @entity259 cells appears to be very efficacious, with a wide therapeutic range, and exerts a bystander effect and radiosensitization both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HSV-tk/GCV system, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, may be a promising suicide gene therapy for @entity259 .

title: Retrovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene transduction renders @entity1 XXXX cell lines sensitive to @entity4540 and radiation in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'little cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The primary extranodal @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ) is a distinct clinical pathologic entity that develops in diverse anatomic locations such as the stomach, salivary gland, thyroid, lung, and breast; however, @entity14 is rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 30 cases of primary @entity1074 have been published in the English language literature, mostly from Japan. A single case has been reported from the US before this report. The most common symptoms ranged from asymptomatic to occult or gross @entity360 . Simultaneous involvement of the cecum or colon was seen in 20% of the @entity1 . Ninety percent of the @entity1 were classified as low grade, Stage 1 at the time of diagnosis. Polypoid lesions were 10-fold more common than @entity1066 . Seven @entity1 were reported to have @entity1534 in the stomach. The majority of the @entity1 underwent surgical or endoscopic resection as a cure; however, controversy exists with regards to antibiotic treatment or observation alone because of unknown etiopathogenesis. Infection with microorganisms other than @entity1534 has been postulated in the development of @entity1074 ; however, this hypothesis remains unproven. The overall prognosis of @entity1074 appears favorable; however, long-term follow-up data is lacking. Therefore, periodic clinical monitoring should be done in these @entity1 .

title: Primary XXXX ( @entity1074 ) lymphoma occurring in the rectum: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT', 'rectal MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal involvement']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with early diagnosis of @entity6677 have an increase of the rate of gestational @entity101 disease, metabolic imbalance, higher insulin dosage requirement, perinatal morbidity and perinatal @entity204 than those in whom @entity6 developed after 24th week. METHODS: All pregnant @entity1 with @entity6677 were studied. Maternal age, pregestational body mass indexes, total @entity1017 during pregnancy, gestational age at diagnosis, and the timing of delivery were recorded. Two groups were studied: @entity1 with @entity6677 diagnosed before 24 gestation weeks and those in which @entity6 was diagnosed at 24 weeks or later. Total insulin dosage, rate of gestational @entity101 , perinatal morbidity, perinatal @entity204 , and percentages of @entity1 with good metabolic control were analysed. RESULTS: In the whole group 28% were diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation. @entity1 that were diagnosed earlier had grater pregestational body mass indexes (30 +/- 6 kg/m2 vs 27 +/- 6 kg/m2) and total @entity1017 during pregnancy was lower during over all gestation (8 +/- 5 kg vs 10 +/- 6 kg). Insulin requirements were higher in @entity1 diagnosed earlier and there were no differences in the rates of gestational @entity101 , and perinatal @entity204 . Perinatal morbidity was significantly higher in @entity1 who were diagnosed later CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosed and treatment may result in @entity5845 . @entity1 with early diagnosed @entity6 required higher insulin dose, but they did not represent a high risk subgroup.

title: [Gestational XXXX . Diagnosis in early stages of the pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['decreased perinatal morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity40834 (FA) is known to promote electrochemical balance as a donor or a receptor possessing many biomedical functions. Nevertheless, the effect of FA on the anti- @entity5 activity has not been elucidated. In the current study, we first isolated FA from humus and investigated whether FA regulates immune-stimulating functions, such as production of @entity842 (NO), in RAW 264.7 cells. Our data showed that FA slightly enhances cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and secretion of NO from RAW 264.7 cells. It upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of inducible NO synthesis (iNOS). In addition, FA enhanced the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) in RAW 264.7 cells; the NF-kB inhibitor, @entity13373 ( @entity17727 ) effectively attenuated the expression of FA-stimulated iNOS, suggesting that FA stimulates NF-kB to promote iNOS and NO production. Finally, FA-stimulated culture media (FA-CM) from RAW 264.7 cells were collected and MCA-102 @entity1492 cells were cultured in this media. The FA-CM augmented MCA-102 @entity1492 cell apoptosis; however, an NO inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity20759 ) slightly inhibited the FA-CM-mediated MCA-102 @entity1492 cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by low levels of NO. In the present study, we found that FA induces the generation of NO and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells by inducing NF-kB activation; however, NO did not significantly stimulate MCA-102 @entity1492 cell apoptosis in the current study. In addition, FA-CM enhanced cell death in various @entity1 @entity5 cells such as Hep3B, LNCaP, and HL60. Taken together, FA most likely stimulates immune-modulating molecules such as NO and induces @entity5 cell apoptosis.

title: XXXX promotes extracellular anti- @entity5 mediators from RAW 264.7 cells, causing to @entity5 cell death in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity40834 :: ('MESH:C005023', 'Chemical') :: ['Fulvic acid']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity40834 :: (MESH:C005023,Chemical) :: ['Fulvic acid']


abstract: Cytocompatibility is critically important in design of biomaterials for application in tissue engineering. However, the currently well-accepted "cytocompatible" biomaterials are those which promote cells to sustain good attachment/spreading. The cells on such materials usually lack the self-assembled cell morphology and high cell functions as in vivo. In our view, biomaterials that can promote the ability of cells to self-assemble and demonstrate cell-specific functions would be cytocompatible. This paper examined the interaction of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) modified @entity2264 (PSf) membranes with four epithelial cell types (primary liver cells, a @entity96 cell line, and two renal tubular cell lines). Our results show that PSf membranes modified with proper @entity970 promoted the aggregation of both liver and renal cells, but the liver cells more easily formed aggregates than the renal tubular cells. The culture on @entity970 -modified PSf membranes also enhanced cell-specific functions. In particular, the cells cultured on F127 membranes with the proper @entity970 content mimicked the in vivo ultrastructure of liver cells or renal tubules cells and displayed the highest cell functions. Gene expression data for adhesion proteins suggest that the @entity970 modification @entity73 and increased cell-cell interactions, thus facilitating cell self-assembly. In conclusion, @entity970 -modified membrane could be a cytocompatible material which regulates the morphology and functions of epithelial cells in mimicking cell performance in vivo.

title: Regulation of epithelial cell morphology and functions approaching to more in vivo-like by modifying @entity968 on XXXX membranes.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cell-membrane interactions']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity2264 :: (MESH:C017662,Chemical) :: ['polysulfone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between body weight, therapy participation, and functional outcomes among @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Multisite prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Six acute rehabilitation facilities. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=1017) aged >=  12 years admitted for their initial rehabilitation after @entity1566 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Motor @entity15467 at inpatient rehabilitation discharge and 1 year postinjury. RESULTS: Underweight and overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 consisted of 2 different clusters of @entity1566 @entity1 . Underweight @entity1 were more likely to be younger, black, less educated, single, have Medicaid as a primary payer, and more likely to have had a cervical level injury because of violence and vehicular-related events than their overweight and @entity28 counterparts. We found few significant differences in hours of therapy during inpatient rehabilitation across weight groups. Among @entity1 with C5-8 ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades A, B, and @entity130 , underweight @entity1 received fewer hours of physical therapy per week than @entity1 with a healthy weight (P=.028). @entity28 @entity1 with @entity451 AIS grades A, B, and C received more hours of occupational therapy during their rehabilitation stay (P<.001) than other weight groups. A higher percentage of underweight @entity1 had pressure @entity1066 during inpatient rehabilitation in C5-8 AIS grades A, B, and C and @entity451 AIS grades A, B, and C groups. Only in the @entity451 AIS grades A, B, and C group did we find a significant association between weight groups and discharge motor @entity15467 score. @entity2357 models showed that among C1-4 AIS grades A, B, and C @entity1 , the overweight group had better 1-year follow-up motor @entity15467 scores than other weight groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who had an unhealthy body weight, that is, being underweight or @entity28 , often have therapy participation and profiles different from those deemed healthy, or just overweight. For @entity1 with @entity451 AIS grades A, B, and C, being overweight or @entity28 was associated with diminished motor @entity15467 outcomes at discharge from rehabilitation. The relation between body weight status, therapy participation, and outcomes are not consistent among study group @entity1 .

title: Role of body weight in therapy participation and rehabilitation outcomes among individuals with traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['C injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of in vivo gene therapy to treat subcutaneous @entity5 generated from @entity19 @entity2 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 received subcutaneus injections of 5 x 105 cells from the @entity19 @entity2 cell line. By 10 days, subcutaneous @entity5 of approximately 5 mm diameter were formed. At that point, treatment was provided by intratumor injection of a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the gene for @entity1014 kinase (AdCMV-Tk) or interleukin (IL) 12 (AdCMV-IL12), or by injection of syngeneic dendritic cells previously transduced with adenovirus containing the IL-12 gene (DC-IL12). Control groups were treated with saline or adenovirus containing the gene for beta-galactosidase (AdCMV-LacZ), which functions as a reporter gene and does not have a therapeutic effect. The number of animals in each group ranged from 14 to 25 in experiments using adenovirus and from 10 to 12 in experiments using dendritic cells. @entity5 size was followed for 3 weeks in the case of treatment with adenovirus and 4 weeks for treatment with dendritic cells. RESULTS: A significant reduction in subcutaneous @entity5 growth was observed in the groups treated with AdCMV-Tk, AdCMV-IL12, and DC-IL12 compared with control groups treated with saline or AdCMV-LacZ. The difference was statistically significant from day 7 of treatment in the AdCMV-Tk group, from day 9 in the AdCMV-IL12 group, and from day 10 in the DC-IL12 group, and in all cases it was maintained until the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Gene therapy with AdCMV-Tk, AdCMV-IL12, or DC-IL12 is effective in our model of subcutaneous @entity5 arising from cells of the @entity2 cell line. The treatment leads to a significant reduction in @entity5 growth compared with control groups.

title: [Use of gene therapy in a subcutaneous @entity19 model of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lewis lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop percentage of fat and waist circumference cut-points in prepubertal @entity1 with the intention of defining @entity28 associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional analysis of 87 prepubertal @entity1 aged 4 to 11 years was used. Percentage of body fat was determined by DXA. Waist circumference was measured to the nearest millimeter. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses of percentage of fat and waist circumference were used to develop cut-points for individuals with adverse levels of @entity65 risk factors. RESULTS: The risk factors selected for analyses (i.e., fasting insulin, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , and total @entity165 /high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ) were significantly related to percentage of body fat and waist circumference. Likelihood ratios were used to identify percentage of fat and waist circumference cut-points associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profiles. Two cut-points, an upper cut-point of 33% body fat and a lower cut-point of 20% body fat, were derived. Waist circumference cut-points indicative of adverse and normal risk-factor profiles were 71 cm and 61 cm, respectively. DISCUSSION: The data indicate that @entity1 with > or =33% body fat and @entity1 with a waist circumference > or =71 cm were more likely to possess an adverse @entity65 risk-factor profile than a normal risk-factor profile. The likelihood of @entity1 with < 20% body fat or a waist circumference < 61 cm possessing an adverse @entity65 risk-factor profile as opposed to a normal risk-factor profile was small. The cut-points describe an adequate health-related definition of @entity28 .

title: Defining health-related XXXX in prepubertal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: Work-up of @entity75 usually includes indices of clinical activity as well as diagnostic criteria of @entity30 but their prognostic implication remains unclear. This prospective study was conducted in order to evaluate the overall incidence of @entity75 and their relation to the natural history of underlying intestinal @entity30 with special reference to the @entity134 -dependent state of the @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and one @entity1 (46 males, 55 females, aged 34 +/- 14 years; range: 15-79) were consecutively referred to our institution (May 1991 to May 1994) for intestinal symptoms related to @entity30 (mean duration 66 +/- 66 months). They all underwent a proctological examination regardless of perineal symptoms. The Cardiff classification was used to describe @entity75 . @entity1 with @entity75 (64) differed from those without (37): male predisposition (53% vs. 32%, P<0.05), more frequent rectal involvement (75% vs. 24%, P<0.001) and more acute lesions observed at proctoscopic examination (42% vs. 16%, P<0.05). Age of onset, surgical past history of @entity30 , @entity1049 , or Harvey-Bradshaw score were not different between groups. RESULTS: @entity1 with anal @entity1066 (43) as compared to @entity1 having anal involvement without @entity1066 experienced @entity158 more frequently (constant @entity158 : 56 vs. 14%; @entity158 : 35 vs. 19%) and a more severe evolution of intestinal (40 vs. 22%, P<0.05) and anal (42 vs. 12%, P<0.05) involvement. In those with an aggressive @entity1066 (U2, 28 @entity1 ), daily stool frequency (5.1 +/- 3 vs. 3.6 +/- 2.5, P<0.05) and clinical score (9 +/- 5 vs. 7 +/- 3) were more pronounced. @entity134 therapy dependency occurred more frequently in the group with anal @entity1066 (35 vs. 16% and 40 vs. 17%, respectively, P<0.05). Similar associations were observed for cases of anal involvement (34 vs. 5%, P<0.01) and @entity500 was more frequently required (39 vs. 5%, P<0.01) than in those free of @entity75 . During follow-up, eight other @entity1 required @entity500 ( @entity134 dependence in six) and seven of them had @entity75 at referral. At the endpoint of the study, one out of two @entity1 with @entity75 required @entity500 most often due to @entity134 dependency of the intestinal involvement (30/64 vs. 4/37, P<0.005). CONCLUSION: Anal ulcerations are a reliable severity index of @entity30 in both short- and long-term prognosis but their link to the @entity134 status of the @entity1944 remains unclear.

title: Anal lesions: any significant prognosis in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anal lesions', 'anoperineal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'defecatory pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic or ileal involvement']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of operative versus nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 in @entity1 including transfusion practices. We reviewed the experience at our American College of Surgeons-verified Level I @entity130 center with pediatric commitment over a 5-year period. @entity1 < or = 16 years of age suffering blunt @entity99 as documented on admission CT scan were included in the study. @entity99 identified on CT scan were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 's Organ Injury Scaling system. All data are presented as mean +/- standard error. One case of pediatric liver @entity130 not identified on CT was excluded (prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Twenty-seven @entity1 were included [age 9.3 +/- 1.0 years (range 3-16)]. Mechanisms of injury included motor vehicle crash (14), pedestrian struck by motor vehicle (7), bicycle crash (4), fall from height (1), and pedestrian struck by falling object (1). @entity130 Score was 11.5 +/- 0.3. Distribution of @entity99 Grade was as follows: grade I, 13; grade II, 9; grade III, 3; grade IV, 2; and grade V, 0. All five @entity1 who underwent operative management had multiple organ injuries; three had concomitant @entity130 requiring operative repair; the remaining two had small bowel injury requiring repair. Hepatorrhaphy did not correlate with severity of @entity99 : grade I, n = 1; II, n = 2; III, n = 1; and IV, n = 1. Three operated @entity1 received blood transfusions. Twenty-two @entity1 were managed with nonoperative treatment, of these only one required blood transfusion. No @entity1 in the study died, three were transferred to subacute rehabilitation, one was transferred to another hospital, and 23 were discharged home. Our findings indicate that a majority of @entity1 with blunt @entity99 as documented on CT scan can be managed with nonoperative treatment, and few require blood transfusions. @entity1 with multiple organ injury including simultaneous @entity130 are likely ideally managed through operative exploration and repair, whereas those with isolated @entity99 can be successfully managed nonoperatively.

title: Nonoperative management of pediatric blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injuries', 'Liver Injury', 'Liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to examine the late results of mitral valve repair with chordal replacement with @entity736 sutures. METHODS: From 1986 to 2004, 606 consecutive @entity1 with degenerative @entity339 had mitral valve repair with chordal replacement with @entity736 sutures. @entity1 ' mean age was 57 years, and 73.6% were @entity1 . Isolated prolapse of the anterior leaflet was present in 17.6% of @entity1 , isolated posterior leaflet prolapse was present in 29.5% of @entity1 , and bileaflet prolapse was present in 52.9% of @entity1 . Prolapse was corrected by creating 2 to 38 neochords of @entity736 sutures (mean, 13    9 per @entity1 ). The mean follow-up was 10.1 years, and 96% of the @entity1 had multiple echocardiographic studies over the years. RESULTS: There were 5 early and 106 late deaths. Age, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1030 , New York Heart Association functional classes III and IV, and ejection fraction less than 40% were independent predictors of mortality. At 18 years, freedom from reoperation on the mitral valve was 90.2%    2.4%, freedom from recurrent severe @entity339 was 91.0%    2.7%, and freedom from moderate or severe @entity339 was 67.5%    4.2%. Cox regression analysis revealed that isolated prolapse of the anterior leaflet was predictive of reoperation, and that older age, @entity101 , and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% were predictive of recurrent moderate or severe @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: Chordal replacement with @entity736 sutures expands the indication of repair to @entity1 with prolapse of multiple segments. Valve function remains stable in most @entity1 during the first 2 decades of follow-up.

title: Chordal replacement with XXXX sutures for mitral valve repair: a 25-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: Stress in close relationships can have significant negative consequences for mental health, physical health, and long-term relationship functioning. Dysregulated physiological responses to stress are potential pathways through which relationship stress may lead to these kinds of outcomes, and the ways in which individuals attempt to cope with relationship stress are likely to impact their physiological responses. However, our understanding of the specific coping strategies that predict physiological reactivity and recovery in these contexts is rather limited. This study explored relations between young adult college students' self-reported methods of coping with stress in their romantic relationships and their physiological reactivity to and recovery from negotiating conflict with their romantic partners. Partners' coping styles were also examined as predictors of physiological stress responses. One hundred and ninety opposite-sex couples (N = 380; modal length of relationship = 1-2 years) participated in an experimental conflict discussion task. Physiological stress reactivity to the task was assessed using salivary @entity701 , a primary hormonal product of the @entity1636 . Growth modeling of the @entity701 levels before, during, and after the conflict task indicated that @entity1 who typically coped with relationship stress by seeking social support showed greater physiological reactivity to the conflict task. Partners' need for social support predicted stronger stress responses for both @entity1 and @entity1 , as well. While seeking social support is generally thought to be an adaptive coping strategy for couples, the results suggest that within the context of conflict negotiation in which receiving and providing support may be more difficult, seeking support from a partner is associated with greater phyisological stress.

title: ROMANTIC PARTNERS' COPING STRATEGIES AND PATTERNS OF XXXX REACTIVITY AND RECOVERY IN RESPONSE TO RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT.

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['CORTISOL']


abstract: The key enzyme of @entity1786 biosynthesis, @entity42575 , is encoded by a multigene family. We describe three new DNA sequences encoding members of the @entity42575 family of the @entity523 . One of these sequences encodes a novel @entity42575 , @entity42576 , which is phylogenetically related to the ACC synthases @entity42577 and @entity42578 . Gene-specific probes for seven @entity523 @entity42575 genes were prepared. They were used for RNase protection assays to study the accumulation of @entity42575 transcripts in suspension-cultured @entity523 cells after the addition of an elicitor. The @entity42575 genes LE- @entity42579 , LE- @entity42580 and @entity42576 were strongly induced by the elicitor. In contrast, the genes @entity42578 , @entity42575 and @entity42581 were constitutively expressed and @entity42578 was present at all times at a particularly high level. Thus, there are two groups of @entity42575 transcripts expressed in these cells, either elicitor-induced or constitutive. A transcript of @entity42577 was not detected. Despite the presence of @entity42578 , @entity42579 , @entity42575 , @entity42581 and LE- @entity42580 , there was only little @entity1786 produced in the absence of the elicitor. Increased @entity1786 production is usually correlated with the accumulation of @entity42575 transcripts, indicating that @entity1786 production is controlled via the transcriptional activation of @entity42575 genes. However, the abundance of several @entity42575 mRNAs studied was not strictly correlated with the rate of elicitor-induced @entity1786 production. Our data provide evidence that the activity of these ACC synthases may not solely be controlled by the transcriptional activation of @entity42575 genes.

title: Differential induction of seven 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes by elicitor in suspension cultures of @entity523 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Lycopersicon esculentum']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the relative effectiveness of compression therapies used in the treatment of @entity3179 . Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were sought using a search strategy that aimed to identify relevant RCT by searching eight electronic databases (including Medline, Embase and CINHAL), conference proceedings and hand searching key journals. In addition, citations within papers were scrutinized to identify any relevant studies. Suitability for inclusion in this review was determined by a critical appraisal of key determinants of the quality of the trials. Trials that included @entity1 of mixed @entity1066 aetiology were excluded unless the results of @entity1 with @entity66 were reported separately. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers and synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively. Losses to follow-up/withdrawals were assumed to be failures of treatment. A total of 132 articles were identified, and of these eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The remaining 126 trials were excluded due to trial design flaws, the inclusion of mixed/arterial aetiology @entity1066 or because they were non-RCT. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed the benefits of multi-layer and elastic compression bandages. It was concluded that more high-quality trials are required and that more emphasis should be placed on economic and quality of life data to try to ascertain the cost-effectiveness and utility of the treatment options available.

title: A systematic review of compression therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: The association of @entity10 with @entity410 is well known to neurologists but poorly understood. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the types and frequency of @entity410 -associated @entity10 among @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity302 , and to identify their risk factors with special attention to the anatomic localization of the epileptogenic focus and @entity410 classification. METHODS: @entity1 with focal and generalized active @entity410 and on treatment at the time of questionnaire administration were included. @entity1 were prospectively interviewed by questionnaire as to whether or not they suffered from @entity10 associated with @entity302 . RESULTS: Of 98 @entity1 (age range: 5-18 years), 34 (34.7%) complained of @entity410 -associated @entity10 . In @entity1 with @entity410 -associated @entity10 , @entity10 was significantly more frequent (31/74, 41.9%) with partial @entity410 than with generalized @entity410 (3/24, 12.5%; p=0.012). The frequency of @entity410 attacks was 4.1 times per year in @entity1 with @entity410 -associated @entity10 and 1.3 times per year in those with non- @entity410 -associated @entity10 . Of the 34 @entity1 , 20 (58.8%) complained of @entity10 at the frontal region. CONCLUSIONS: The location of @entity10 was not always in agreement with electroencephalographic focus. @entity10 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity410 .

title: Characteristics of @entity10 in XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'partial epilepsy and frequent seizures']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Formal proof for an involvement of autocrine stimulation in the disturbed growth of malignant cells has been difficult to obtain, in part due to lack of precise methods of assessing growth factor production and receptor occurrence. In this study we have analyzed the mRNA levels for two growth factors and the corresponding receptors in a number of established @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. Twenty-one tested lines all contained transcripts for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A chain while 16-17 of 21 expressed the @entity6006 / @entity6006 gene; these two genes were expressed independently of each other. PDGF receptor transcripts were present in 15-16 of the 21 lines. Transcripts for the @entity470 were found in all 15 tested lines, in 2 of them at high levels, and the corresponding ligand @entity310 was found in 11 of 15 lines. No amplification or structural rearrangements of the genes, as analyzed by Southern blot hybridization, could explain the varying expression of @entity6005 and B chain transcripts or the elevated levels of @entity470 mRNA. A correlation was found between cell morphology and expression of growth factor and receptor mRNA in these lines. The highest amount of PDGF receptor transcripts was found in cells with fibroblast-like morphology, and @entity6006 /B chain transcripts were found in small cell types and in cells with astrocyte-like morphology, while no clear relationship was found between PDGF receptor and A chain transcript levels or between morphology and A chain transcripts. It is possible that the findings reflect a coordinated expression of these genes in the progenitor cells. In conclusion, the data imply the existence of two possible autocrine loops in @entity1 @entity11 lines, affecting the PDGF and @entity470 pathways.

title: Expression of messenger RNAs for platelet-derived growth factor and XXXX and their receptors in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: Previous investigators have suggested that proteolysis by calpain, a @entity141 -dependent protease, causes muscle fiber degradation in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 / @entity1555 ). Recent evidence indicates that the nonlysosomal @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic complex (proteasomes) participates in @entity2057 during various catabolic states and in muscle fiber degradation in physiological or pathological conditions. To elucidate the possible role of proteasomes in dystrophic muscles, routine histochemistry and immunohistochemistry of 26S proteasomes were performed on muscle biopsy specimens obtained from @entity1 with various @entity4094 including @entity1555 / @entity1555 , @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), @entity746 , and @entity1897 , and on normal @entity1 muscle specimens. Immunohistochemically, proteasomes were located in the cytoplasm in normal @entity1 muscle, but their staining intensity was faint. Compared to control muscles, abnormal increases in both proteasomes and ubiquitin were demonstrated mainly in the cytoplasm of necrotic fibers and to a lesser extent in regenerative fibers in @entity1555 / @entity1555 and @entity6558 . Non-necrotic, @entity3202 in all diseased muscles showed moderate or weak immunoreactions for the proteins; their staining intensities were stronger than those of control muscle fibers. Both proteins often colocalized well. Not all @entity942 muscle fibers showed a strong reaction for proteasomes. Our results showed increased proteasomes in necrotic and regenerative muscle fibers in @entity1555 / @entity16803 , although this may not be disease-specific up-regulation. We suggest that the @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway as well as the nonlysosomal calpain pathway may participate in muscle fiber degradation in @entity3986 .

title: Proteasome expression in the skeletal muscles of XXXX with @entity3986 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic fibers']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies', 'BMD', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophin-deficient']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship among 11 types of home health care services for @entity1 with @entity645 / @entity791 and to develop a terminal-care, service-usage profile of @entity1 receiving such services. Services include the number of @entity146 nurse visits, Medical Social Work (MSW) visits, evaluation visits, physical therapy visits, occupational therapy visits, homemaker visits, home health aide visits, @entity283 , registered nurse (RN) visits, Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) visits, and Intravenous (i.v.) nurse visits. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: Data were collected on 549 @entity791 @entity1 admitted for medical/surgical home-care services to the Visiting Nurse Association of Los Angeles (VNA-LA). The service utilization data were collected from the VNA-LA's computerized data system. STUDY DESIGN: The relationship among the service types was evaluated with principal component analysis. A service-usage profile was developed for @entity1 using cluster analysis. To control for the variability in the amount of time that @entity1 were on service, the number of days that @entity1 were in the VNA-LA program and were actually receiving services was included as a factor that yielded a variable reflecting the number of each type of service that a @entity1 received per day. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Five components were found to best describe the relationships among the service-type variables. These were identified as being: the Number of Evaluation Visits, the Number of Intensive Nursing Visits, the Number of Physical Therapy Visits, the Number of Psychosocial Visits, and the Number of Attendant Visits. @entity1 were found to cluster into 1 of 5 groups based on the type of service utilization profile that they received. The variables that appeared to have the most influence on this profile were the number of home health aide visits per day that the @entity1 received, the number of RN visits that were made, the number of i.v. nurse visits that were provided, and the number of LVN visits that were made. CONCLUSIONS: Terminally ill @entity791 @entity1 receiving home health care services can be identified as having a service utilization profile. This profile can be used to evaluate more precisely the service areas in which costs for @entity1 services differ. Individually assigned to an experimental Transprofessional Model of care had a different service utilization profile than those assigned to a Traditional Model of care.

title: A typology of service patterns in end-stage XXXX care: relationships to the transprofessional model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['public health nurse visits']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast swellings in @entity1 and adolescents may be overlooked on assumption that they are physiological enlargement. Pathologic swellings including @entity5 have however been encountered in this age group. This study highlighted the spectrum of @entity5 in childhood and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 7 year retrospective analysis of all histologically diagnosed @entity0 in @entity1 aged 0 - 19 years. RESULTS: There were 134 @entity0 diagnoses occurring in 133 females and 1 male (gynaecomastia). One hundred and nineteen cases (88.8%) were recorded in the 10 - 14 year age group and 15 cases (11.2%) in the 15 - 19 year age group. No case was found in @entity1 aged less than 10 years. The most common @entity5 was @entity1557 accounting for 75.4% (n = 101) of all @entity5 followed by @entity652 (n = 11; 8.2%) and @entity3923 (n = 10; 7.4%). No case of @entity5 was recorded in this study. CONCLUSION: @entity1557 is the most common @entity0 in @entity1 and adolescents in our environment.

title: Histopathological review of @entity0 in XXXX and adolescents in Delta State Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma', 'Fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity5907 ( @entity5907 ) isoforms in the @entity1 stomach have not been fully investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of @entity3881 promoter-driven @entity5907 ( @entity3881 - @entity5907 ) in differentiated-type early @entity356 (DEGC). P1- and P2- @entity5907 expression was examined immunohistochemically both in non-neoplastic mucosa and @entity189 from surgical specimens. In all samples of non-neoplastic mucosa, foveolar, cardiac, fundic and pyloric gland epithelium was negative for P1- @entity5907 , but was positive for P2- @entity5907 . @entity1944 was positive for @entity3881 - @entity5907 in all cases. @entity356 were classified into four @entity3558 phenotypes based on the pattern of @entity3558 expression: @entity356 , intestinal, mixed and null type. DEGC showed striking differences in the staining pattern for P1- @entity5907 according to the @entity3558 phenotype. @entity356 of intestinal, mixed and null type showed high positivity for P1- @entity5907 , but the @entity356 type was negative for P1- @entity5907 in all but one @entity5 . In contrast, P2- @entity5907 was expressed in all @entity5 regardless of the @entity3558 phenotype. Negative expression of P1- @entity5907 was indicated as one of the useful immunohistochemical markers in the classification of @entity3558 phenotype of both @entity5 of @entity356 phenotype.

title: Immunohistochemical staining for XXXX may complement @entity3558 phenotype of differentiated-type early @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5907 :: ('3172', 'Gene') :: ['Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha', 'HNF4alpha']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-neoplastic mucosa and cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric carcinomas', 'gastric', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Gene) :: ['P1 and P2 promoter-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the optimal dose of @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ) in treatment of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity11636 combined with @entity229 for @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized prospective cohort study in @entity8 @entity1 : 28 @entity1 received oral @entity11636 (target whole blood concentration of 2-4 ng/mL) plus @entity229 for 12 months, and 28 @entity1 received @entity229 combined with intravenous @entity786 (CYC) (750 mg/m2 body surface) once every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 who completed the 12-month treatment, complete remission (CR) occurred in 8 (28.6%) of the CYC group and 18 (64.3%) of the @entity11636 group; partial remission (PR) occurred in 10 (35.7%) of the CYC group and 7 (25.0%) of the @entity11636 group. The probability of remission (either CR or PR) was higher in the @entity11636 group than in the CYC group (p = 0.0439, by log-rank test). Furthermore, a significantly greater improvement in @entity644 and serum albumin levels was observed in the @entity11636 group compared with the CYC group. @entity1 treated with @entity11636 can often show a rapid increase in their serum albumin levels before any obvious reduction of urinary protein excretion. Side effects were mild and transitory in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the combined therapy of low-dose @entity11636 and @entity229 is an effective and safe therapeutic method for Chinese adults with @entity8 . Low-dose @entity11636 accompanied by @entity229 is enough to induce remission in the majority of @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with combination of low-dose @entity1140 and corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']


abstract: @entity3029 , ie, disruption of the talus from the calcaneus, navicula, and @entity2091 , is a rare and severe injury. We present a case of @entity3029 without any accompanying @entity174 and, thus, discuss the conflicts encountered in this rare injury. A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with severe @entity158 , @entity4 , and @entity85 in his right ankle within 30 minutes of a fall from a height. There were no wounds around the ankle. Radiographs revealed that the talus was disrupted from the calcaneus, navicula, and @entity2091 moving in the anterolateral direction. No accompanying @entity174 were seen in the talus or in surrounding bones. After an unsuccessful closed reduction attempt, a further decision was open reduction. It was seen that the interposed joint capsula was preventing reduction. After reduction, stability of the ankle was checked and found to be satisfactory, so no fixation material was used. It has been 2 years since the first injury, and the @entity1 is functioning well, with no @entity158 . The ankle has the same range of motion as the unaffected side. No sign of an @entity2530 or @entity1463 is seen on the final radiographs. Closed total dislocation of the talus without any accompanying @entity174 is a rare entity. The injury is open to various important complications, such as @entity2530 , @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity130 , and arthritic changes. To achieve a good outcome, early reduction of the dislocation has key importance.

title: @entity3029 without any accompanying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['open wounds']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['closed peritalar dislocation', 'Total talar dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 who die within 30 days of admission to the hospital for @entity55 die after discharge. Recently, 30-day mortality for @entity1 with @entity55 became a publicly reported performance measure, meaning that hospitals are, in part, being measured based on how the @entity1 fares after discharge from the hospital. This study was undertaken to determine which factors predict in-hospital vs postdischarge mortality in @entity1 with @entity55 . METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a database of 21,223 @entity1 on Medicare aged 65 years and older admitted to the hospital between 2000 and 2001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between 26 @entity1 characteristics and the timing of @entity204 (in-hospital vs postdischarge) among those @entity1 who died within 30 days of hospital admission. RESULTS: Among the 21,223 @entity1 , 2,561 (12.1%) died within 30 days of admission: 1,343 (52.4%) during the hospital stay, and 1,218 (47.6%) after discharge. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that seven factors were significantly associated with @entity204 prior to discharge: systolic BP < 90 mm Hg, respiration rate > 30/min, @entity2259 , arterial pH < 7.35, BUN level > 11 mmol/L, arterial @entity4095 < 60 mm Hg or arterial @entity26 saturation < 90%, and need for mechanical ventilation. Some underlying comorbidities were associated with a nonstatistically significant trend toward @entity204 after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Of elderly @entity1 dying within 30 days of admission to the hospital, approximately one-half die after discharge from the hospital. Comorbidities, in general, were equally associated with @entity204 in the hospital and @entity204 after discharge

title: Predictors of in-hospital vs postdischarge mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 can be treated with primary surgery or neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Neoadjuvant treatment appears to be associated with decreased morbidity and acceptable long-term outcomes. We examined the patterns of care for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to examine @entity1 with @entity5 treated from 1988 to 2008. Primary therapy was classified as surgery or radiation. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to examine the use of primary radiotherapy. RESULTS: We identified a total of 2292 @entity1 including 1757 who underwent primary surgery (76.7%) and 535 treated with primary radiation (23.3%). The use of primary radiation increased with time from 18.0% in 1988 to 30.1% in 2008. In a multivariable model, older @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.72), black @entity1 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14-2.23), and @entity1 with @entity5 (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.78-2.81) were more likely to receive primary radiation. Among @entity1 treated with primary radiotherapy, only 17.8% ultimately underwent surgical resection. CONCLUSION: The use of primary radiation for locally advanced @entity5 is limited but has increased over time. Multiple @entity1 and @entity5 factors influence use. The majority of @entity1 with @entity5 treated with primary radiation therapy did not undergo surgical resection.

title: Patterns of care for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IVA tumors', 'tumor', 'stage III-IVA vulvar cancer', 'vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: Therapeutic efficacy of @entity796 vaccine for oral use (10(10) killed germs/ml), prepared from strain 4922, belonging to serotype XV, by Meitert-Meitert scheme, on 4 experimental models in @entity19 ( @entity55 , infected burn, @entity295 and @entity293 ) was studied in comparison with monovalent Ps. aeruginosa vaccine serotype XV (10(9) killed germs/ml) for subcutaneous use and also with associated administration of the two vaccine variants. @entity19 immunization by using vaccine for oral use was performed by 0.5 ml vaccine per day, for 10 days and vaccine for subcutaneous use was administrated in a volume of 0.5 ml x 2, at 3 days interval. @entity19 immunization by using the two vaccine types, in association was concomitantly performed and in the same quantity as for separate immunization. In experimental @entity55 , Ps. aeruginosa vaccine for oral use protected @entity19 in 35% of cases, those with infected burns were protected in 33.3% of cases, those with @entity295 --in 96.6% of cases and those with @entity293 in 50% of cases. As compared to Ps. aeruginosa vaccine for subcutaneous use, the results obtained by vaccine for oral use are less favourable but associated administration of both vaccine variants led to superior results. Thus, in experimental @entity55 , it was obtained a surviving rate of 65% for animals immunized with both vaccine types, in comparison with 50% for animals immunized with vaccine for subcutaneous use only, and in Ps. aeruginosa infected burn, it was obtained a recovering rate of 79.1% for the animals immunized by using both vaccines, in comparison with 70.8% surviving for animals immunized with vaccine for subcutaneous use. In experimental @entity295 and @entity293 , combined use of both vaccine variants determined animals surviving and recovering in percents similar to those obtained by separate administration of vaccine for subcutaneous use (in @entity295 --100% protection; in @entity293 --75% protection).

title: Investigations on the efficacy of monovalent @entity796 vaccine for oral administration in XXXX experimental infection.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia', 'septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, eHealth is a rapidly growing technology. It provides good quality health services at lower cost and increased availability. @entity6 has reached an epidemic stage in Saudi Arabia and has a medical and economic impact at a countrywide level. Data are greatly needed to better understand and plan to prevent and manage this medical problem. OBJECTIVE: The Saudi National @entity6 Registry (SNDR) is an electronic medical file supported by clinical, investigational, and management data. It functions as a monitoring tool for medical, social, and cultural bases for primary and secondary prevention programs. Economic impact, in the form of direct or indirect cost, is part of the registry's scope. The registry's geographic information system (GIS) produces a variety of maps for @entity6 and associated diseases. In addition to availability and distribution of health facilities in the Kingdom, GIS data provide health planners with the necessary information to make informed decisions. The electronic data bank serves as a research tool to help researchers for both prospective and retrospective studies. METHODS: A Web-based interactive GIS system was designed to serve as an electronic medical file for @entity6 @entity1 retrieving data from medical files by trained registrars. Data was audited and cleaned before it was archived in the electronic filing system. It was then used to produce epidemiologic, economic, and geographic reports. A total of 84,942 @entity1 were registered from 2000 to 2012, growing by 10% annually. RESULTS: The SNDR reporting system for epidemiology data gives better understanding of the disease pattern, types, and gender characteristics. Part of the reporting system is to assess quality of health care using different parameters, such as HbA1c, that gives an impression of good @entity6 control for each institute. Economic reports give accurate cost estimation of different services given to @entity6 @entity1 , such as the annual insulin cost per @entity1 for type 1, type 2, and gestational @entity6 , which are 1155 SR (US  308), 1406 SR (US  375), and 1002 SR (US  267), respectively. Of this, 72.02% of the total insulin cost is spent on type 2 @entity1 and 55.39% is in the form of premixed insulin. The SNDR can provide an accurate assessment of the services provided for research purposes. For example, only 27.00% of registered @entity1 had an ophthalmic examination and only 71.10% of @entity1 with @entity989 had laser therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The SNDR is an effective electronic medical file that can provide epidemiologic, economic, and geographic reports that can be used for disease management and health care planning. It is a useful tool for research and disease health care quality monitoring.

title: A Web-based interactive XXXX registry for health care management and planning in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) is a group of @entity706 which has never been treated with any confidence as opposed to its counterpart B Cell Lymphomas. Despite the studies, which were retrospective, the results in the majority of cases were disappointing, taking into consideration the aggressive clinical course of the disease, so survival did not exceed 2 years in median. To assess the response, progression-free survival and overall survival rates at 5 years using a new intensive combination chemotherapy. Enrolled @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3191 , confirmed by a referenced pathologist, treated with the new chemotherapy ACEP X 6 ( @entity23974 75 mg/m   on day 1 + @entity786 1,200 mg/m   on day 1 + @entity2879 300 mg/m   on day 1 and @entity617 60 mg/m   from day 1 through day 5) and @entity1260 X 4 ( @entity1260 4 grams/m   on day 1) which were given after the completion of the first 6 cycles of ACEP. The study was performed at Al-Bairouni University Hospital, and the study was approved by the Syrian Association of Clinical Oncology. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent the treatment. Most of them showed a complete response after the completion of the first six cycles (17/25) forming 68 % of @entity1 , while another 5 @entity1 became complete responders after the completion of treatment. Consequently, 22 @entity1 are still living after 5 years, with an overall survival rate of 88 %. (ACEP) and @entity1260 appears to be a good choice in PTCLs, in light of the good response and overall survival rates, taking into account the acceptable @entity137 profile. However, a larger sample is needed to make it an acceptable new combination chemotherapy for PTCLs @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity3191 with an intensive protocol ACEP (adriamycin, @entity786 , XXXX and @entity617 ) and @entity1260 showing an important response and overall survival rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23974 :: ('CHEBI:28748', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma', 'PTCL']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of @entity3440 -induced cytosolic free @entity460 mobilization and cell injury in immortalized cell lines from @entity19 kidney harboring SV40 T-antigen gene. The proximal convoluted tubule (S1)- and the inner medullary collecting tubule (IMCT)-originated cell lines were used. Cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was measured employing @entity593 fluorescence and cell injury was evaluated by a vital dye exclusion procedure. @entity3440 increased [ @entity141 ]i in a concentration-dependent manner in S1 (60 micrograms/ml-600 micrograms/ml) and IMCT (6 micrograms/ml-600 micrograms/ml). @entity3440 caused a biphasic increase in [ @entity141 ]i which was composed of an initial rapid rise and following sustained phase. @entity141 removal from the medium resulted in abolishment of initial and sustained phase of @entity3440 (600 micrograms/ml)-induced [ @entity141 ]i in both cell lines. @entity3440 -induced cell injury was increased in a dose-dependent manner. This @entity3440 -induced cell injury was attenuated by the pretreatment with @entity4527 (100 microM) and @entity594 (1 microM). Cellular @entity855 content ([ @entity855 ]i) by @entity3440 also decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The relationship between [ @entity141 ]i and [ @entity855 ]i showed that [ @entity855 ]i depletion caused [ @entity141 ]i to rise. This study suggests that 1) the elevation of [ @entity141 ]i caused by @entity3440 is due mainly to influx through plasma membrane @entity141 channel and non specific membrane damage (at high concentration) and 2) nephrotoxicity of @entity3440 shows site-specificity within the kidney.

title: XXXX increases cytosolic @entity460 and causes cell injury in renal cell lines.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['Silica']


abstract: Sequential quantification of blood T cell subsets by immunocytofluorometry was used to investigate the immune response of microporous @entity2636 vascular prostheses after intraperitoneal implantation in @entity35 . The experimental prosthesis, as developed by the University of Texas-Arlington group (UTA), and the @entity17368 prosthesis, as developed by Matrix Med., were implanted for 1, 2 and 6 weeks and compared with ePTFE and wounded @entity35 without prostheses (control group). The implants were examined for histopathology by light microscopy. The percentages of @entity11264 -(helper) and CD8-(suppressor) bearing cells of the @entity736 group were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than the control group 1 week post-implantation. The UTA and the @entity17368 grafts exhibited a significant decrease in both T cell subsets at 1 week, and @entity11264 -bearing cells at 2 weeks. At 6 weeks, T cell subsets were similar among all groups. The ratio of @entity11264 /CD8- cells was similar among all groups except for the @entity736 group, which was lower than the control group after 1 week. Histological examination of @entity17368 and UTA grafts showed an acute phase of @entity32 which lasted at least 2 weeks. Some foreign body giant cells (FBGC) were present 2 weeks post-implantation, and encapsulation was greater than that observed with @entity736 grafts. On the other hand, @entity736 grafts exhibited a different pattern of @entity32 compared to @entity2636 grafts. @entity736 implants exhibited a moderate chronic inflammatory response for the first week, as shown by the formation of FBGC. At 2 and 6 weeks, the grafts were encapsulated by a thin layer of collagenous tissue and FBGC were still present around the implants, mostly located in contact with the reinforcing mesh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: T lymphocyte modification with the UTA microporous @entity2636 vascular prosthesis: in vivo studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17368 :: ('MESH:C044690', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitrathane']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial role of @entity9887 in @entity2657 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and the potential mechanisms related to the @entity4334 -binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) @entity15253 ( @entity6198 ) inflammasome activation. @entity131 model was established by cold-induced @entity1545 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were randomly assigned into 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h survival groups to investigate @entity2657 development with time and received 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg @entity9887 by oral gavage, 1 h prior to @entity131 to determine the efficient anti-edemic dose. The therapeutic window was identified by post-treating 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after @entity131 . Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, the neurological function and histological injury were assessed, at the same time, the mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity6198 inflammasome, @entity635 and @entity6026 concentrations in peri-contused brain tissue were measured 24 h post @entity131 . The results showed that the @entity2657 occurred from 6 h, reached the peak at 24 h and recovered to the baseline 72 h after @entity131 . A single oral dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg @entity9887 could reduce @entity2657 . Post-treatment up to 2 h effectively limited the @entity4 development. Furthermore, prophylactic administration of @entity9887 markedly inhibited BBB impairment, @entity6198 , apoptotic speck-containing protein (ASC) and Caspase-1 activation, as well as @entity635 and @entity6026 maturation, subsequently improved the neurological outcomes. In conclusion, @entity9887 can reduce @entity2657 by inhibiting the @entity6198 inflammasome-regulated @entity635 and @entity6026 accumulation.

title: @entity9887 reduced XXXX by inhibiting @entity6198 inflammasome in @entity19 with cold @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic cerebral edema', 'cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['cerebral edema']


abstract: To make @entity291 embryo sexing under farm conditions more feasible we developed a simplified protocol utilizing manual biopsy and detection of the Y chromosome directly from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction tubes. Twenty-four embryos (morulae and blastocysts) were biopsied manually into 2 to 4 samples. One sample of each original embryo was diagnosed for sex, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified DNA of the @entity43982 / @entity43983 locus. The remaining 44 samples were diagnosed using the tube detection assay. In this assay the biopsies were pipetted into 0.5 -ml reaction tubes containing lysis mixture, incubated 10 to 60 min at 37 degrees C and inactivated 10 min at 98 degrees C. Then the PCR mixture was added containing buffer, DNA polymerase, @entity5611 and primers designed to amplify the highly repeated btDYZ-1 region of the @entity291 Y chromosome. After 50 cycles of PCR, the reaction tubes were examined under UV illumination for pink fluorescence indicating the presence of Y-chromosomal DNA. All sexing results from the replicates were in agreement with the @entity43982 / @entity43983 assay, with 12 of the original embryos diagnosed as females and 12 as males. We conclude that highly efficient and accurate PCR-sexing of embryos can be accomplished without the use of micromanipulators, control primers and electrophoresis. The 2 reaction mixtures needed for sex diagnosis can be stored at -20 degrees C and -196 degrees C, respectively. The tube detection assay minimizes the risk of carryover contamination by previously amplified products as there is no need to open the tubes following PCR.

title: PCR-sexing of XXXX embryos: a simplified protocol.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: @entity370 and @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) are both associated with deregulated inflammatory mechanisms partially triggered by aggravated oxidative stress. @entity7707 has been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress, linked to several @entity358 . We aimed to explore differences in @entity7707 levels in @entity2416 and @entity370 @entity1 , and controls. METHODS: We included 16 @entity2416 and 55 @entity370 @entity1 , as well as 17 controls in the study. @entity7707 levels were measured in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RESULTS: Serum @entity7707 levels were increased in all @entity1 groups vs controls (p<0.001). The systemic @entity7707 concentrations were higher in @entity370 @entity1 as compared to @entity2416 subjects and controls (p=0.017 and p<0.001, respectively). @entity2416 @entity1 exhibited increased serum @entity7707 levels when compared to controls (p<0.001). @entity370 @entity1 presented significantly increased @entity7707 BAL levels when compared to @entity2416 @entity1 (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the level of oxidative stress, as reflected by @entity7707 concentrations, is enhanced in @entity1 with @entity370 , and to a lesser extent, in @entity2416 @entity1 when compared to controls, suggesting a potential implication of redox imbalance in both diseases.

title: @entity7707 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage in XXXX and @entity370 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostane', '8-Isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Type I interferons (IFN) ( @entity3027 /beta) are recognized as both inhibitors and effectors of @entity792 . In @entity15 , @entity2391 therapy appears beneficial, in part, due to its suppression of autoimmune inflammatory Th cell responses. In contrast, in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) triggering of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) by autoimmune complexes (autoICs) results in circulating type I IFN that appear to promote disease by driving autoantigen presentation and autoantibody production. To investigate how pDC-derived type I IFN might regulate Th cells in @entity1252 , we examined a model in which sustained pDC stimulation by autoICs is mimicked by pretreating normal @entity1 PBMC with @entity6801 agonist, CpG-A. Subsequently, PBMC Th cells are activated with superantigen, and @entity1412 are activated with @entity11603 . The role of CpG-A/ @entity6801 -induced type I IFN in regulating PBMC is determined by blocking with virus-derived soluble type I IFN receptor, B18R. In summary, pretreatment with either rhIFN-alpha/beta or CpG-A inhibits PBMC secretion of superantigen-induced @entity379 and @entity4155 , and @entity11603 -induced IL-12p70 and @entity4452 . B18R prevents these effects. Data indicate that CpG-A-induced type I IFN inhibit IL-12p70-dependent PBMC @entity379 secretion by enhancing @entity688 . Our results suggest that in @entity1252 , circulating type I IFN may potentially act to inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion.

title: Blockade of @entity6801 agonist-induced type I interferons promotes inflammatory cytokine XXXX and @entity4155 secretion by activated @entity1 PBMC.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['TLRs', 'Toll-like receptors']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: @entity15857 has been investigated extensively in @entity161 , but it is unclear whether these impairments are specific to @entity161 or extend to other @entity914 . Recent studies of visual context processing in @entity161 (Tibber et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2013) point to circumscribed, task-specific abnormalities. Here we examined visual contextual processing across a comprehensive set of visual tasks in individuals with @entity162 and compared their performance with that of our previously published results from @entity161 and healthy @entity1 tested on those same tasks. We quantified the degree to which the surrounding visual context alters a center stimulus' appearance for brightness, size, contrast, orientation and motion. Across these tasks, healthy @entity1 showed robust contextual effects, as indicated by pronounced misperceptions of the center stimuli. @entity1 with @entity162 showed contextual effects similar in magnitude to those found in healthy @entity1 on all tasks. This result differs from what we found in @entity161 @entity1 (Yang et al., 2013) who showed weakened contextual modulations of contrast but intact contextual modulations of perceived luminance and size. Yet in @entity161 @entity1 , the magnitude of the contrast illusion did not correlate with symptom measures. Performance on the contrast task by the @entity162 group also could not be distinguished from that of the @entity161 group, and this may be attributed to the result that @entity162 @entity1 who presented with greater manic symptoms showed weaker contrast modulation. Thus, contrast gain control may be modulated by clinical state in @entity162 . Stronger motion and orientation context effects correlated with worse clinical symptoms across both @entity1 groups and especially in @entity161 @entity1 . These results highlight the complexity of visual context processing in @entity161 and @entity162 .

title: Visual context processing in @entity162 : a comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity15857 :: ('MESH:C535473', 'Disease') :: ['Anomalous perception']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of @entity989 as seen at a teaching and tertiary eye care center in Addis Ababa. In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, all consecutive @entity1 seen at the retina clinic of Menelik II Hospital during a 19 months period (January 2000 to August 2001) were included in this series. Pertinent demographic and clinical data were recorded for all @entity1 . A total of 1390 new @entity1 with @entity989 were seen at the retina clinic during the study period, accounting for 12.5% of the total outpatient population of the eye department. The male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. The mean age was 45.2 years +/- 17.3 years (range 2 months to 92 years) and median of 44.5 years. Two hundred and twenty-four (16.1%) @entity1 were bilaterally blind, 465 (33.5%) @entity1 were unilaterally blind, 280 (20.1%) @entity1 had bilateral @entity227 and 195 (14.0%) @entity1 had unilateral @entity227 , while 213 (15.3%) @entity1 had normal vision. @entity1713 was the commonest cause of both bilateral (54.9%) and @entity1939 (41.2%), while @entity6 and @entity1714 were the leading causes of bilateral @entity227 accounting for 36.8% and 28.2% respectively. @entity989 accounted for the largest group of @entity1 (38.1%) of which @entity6 accounted for 75.1%. @entity1713 was the second largest group of diseases, accounting for 24.5% of the total. The proportion of @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 was only 2.7%. Most of the @entity1 presented with @entity1442 , which required vitreo-retinal surgery. There is a need to improve on the early diagnosis and early referral of @entity989 at primary and secondary care levels. Selected tertiary care centers should develop capacity to provide laser and vitreo-retinal surgery. The introduction of posterior vitrectomy in Ethiopia is long overdue.

title: Pattern of XXXX at a teaching eye department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal vascular diseases', 'retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) is a complex entity subjected to repeated stress with several symptoms. About one-third of @entity1 have at least one of those symptoms but only few (3 to 7%) need treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of @entity1348 surgery in 94 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Several data were used for decision-making and the surgical technique was adapted to the etiology. The type of postoperative physiotherapy performed depended on the type of pathology. RESULTS: Most @entity1 who underwent surgery between 1989 and 2004 were @entity1 (83%). The mean age was 30 years. We performed 179 surgical procedures and among them 151 Dautrey procedures. In 28 cases miniplates were used to avoid recurrences. In 57 cases postoperative physiotherapy was performed. The mean postoperative mouth opening increase was 4.7 mm (+ 23%). There was no @entity281 or lost of plate. The mean of follow-up was about 14 months. DISCUSSION: With a long follow-up and an acceptable number of @entity1 and operations, this retrospective study demonstrated the effectiveness of the Dautrey procedure in @entity1348 subluxations.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX : apropos of 94 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: The @entity1501 -dependent enzymes are attractive targets for @entity5 chemotherapy. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), which inhibits @entity9796 reductase, has been widely used for the treatment of @entity5 and @entity1583 . Raltitrexed ("Tomudex") ), which inhibits thymidylate synthase, is a novel anticancer agent active against @entity14 and some other @entity5 . We studied the optimal schedule of raltitrexed and @entity1500 in combination against four @entity1 @entity694 cell lines Colo201, @entity1 , LoVo, and WiDr. These cells were simultaneously exposed to raltitrexed and @entity1500 for 24 h, or sequentially exposed to raltitrexed for 24 h followed by @entity1500 for 24 h, or vice versa. Cell growth inhibition after 5 days was determined by using @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. The effects of drug combinations at the concentrations of drug that produced 80% and 50% cell growth inhibition (IC(80) and IC(50)) were analyzed by the isobologram method (Steel and Peckham, 1979). Cytotoxic interactions between raltitrexed and @entity1500 were schedule-dependent. The simultaneous exposure to raltitrexed and @entity1500 showed additive effects in Colo201, LoVo and WiDr cells and antagonistic effects in @entity1 cells. The sequential exposure to raltitrexed followed by @entity1500 produced additive effects in all four cell lines. The sequential exposure to @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed produced synergistic effects in Colo201, LoVo and WiDr cells and additive effects in @entity1 cells. These findings suggest that the sequential administration of @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed produces more than the expected @entity137 and may be the optimal schedule at the cellular level. Further in vivo and clinical studies will be necessary to determine the @entity137 and to test the antitumor effects of sequential administration of @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed proposed on the basis of the in vitro synergism.

title: Schedule-dependent synergism and antagonism between raltitrexed ("Tomudex") and @entity1499 in @entity1 XXXX cell lines in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']