abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to (1) describe the main clinical findings of @entity5043 ( @entity5043 ), (2) evaluate surgical strategies and outcomes, and (3) investigate the quality of life of @entity1 according to their disease severity. METHODS: This retrospective observational study involved 14 @entity1 treated between 2005 and 2011. The surgical treatment strategies were based on the proposed system for grading severity, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. The @entity1 answered two questionnaires that covered the clinical manifestations of the syndrome and their quality of life in the postoperative period. A comparative analysis between the severity of the deformity and the quality of life was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The most prevalent clinical manifestation of @entity5043 was progressive @entity5043 (85.71  %). The surgical strategy was individualized based on the severity of disease of each @entity1 . Surgical strategies included free-fat grafts, dermal fat grafts, and bone grafts associated with a temporoparietal fascia flap. Regardless of approach, all @entity1 had an overall improvement in their facial appearance and were free of complications during the follow-up period. Our data showed no association between the severity of the deformity and the quality of life of these @entity1 (all p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this series, there was a predominance of clinical features of @entity5043 that had been previously reported. Satisfactory outcomes were obtained using different surgical strategies that varied according to the severity of the deformity. The severity of the deformity did not impose a reduced quality of life on @entity5043 @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: XXXX : severity of the deformity does not correlate with quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'Parry-Romberg syndrome', 'hemifacial atrophy']

answer: @entity5043 :: (MESH:D005150,Disease) :: ['Parry-Romberg syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is relatively rare in young @entity1 as the median age at diagnosis is 65-70 years. The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate the characteristics of young @entity2 in Taiwan, especially the relationships among smoking behavior, @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation, and age. The National Taiwan Lung Cancer Registry, a database contain detailed @entity5 statistics, was analyzed in this study for the period 2011-2012. Young @entity2 was defined as age        45 years. There were 21,536 @entity2 @entity1 (13,187 @entity1 and 8349 @entity1 ). Among these @entity1 , 1074 (5.0%) were in the younger group, and 20,462 @entity1 (95.0%) were in the older group. Female gender (48.8% versus 38.2%, P < 0.001), never-smokers (47.3% versus 43.8%, P = 0.015), and @entity420 (70.4% versus 58.1%, P < 0.001) were more frequent in the younger group. While the @entity470 mutation rate was lower in the younger group (52.5% versus 60.6%, P = 0.001), the primary site of @entity2 and stage distribution were not significantly different. If only @entity420 @entity1 were included in the analysis, female gender, older age, and never-smokers were more likely to have @entity470 mutation. In conclusion, @entity2 in young @entity1 (       45 year-old) was associated with unique characteristics, with greater percentages of female @entity1 , @entity420 , and never-smokers and a lower @entity470 mutation rate compared with older @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of young XXXX : Analysis of Taiwan's nationwide @entity2 registry focusing on @entity470 mutation and smoking status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity3645 are implicated as aetiological factors in many types of @entity1820 including @entity201 ( @entity201 ). Alterations in @entity6741 concentrations may affect the pathogenesis of these different types of @entity5 . Our aim was to determine the @entity6741 profile in gallbladder bile from @entity1 who underwent liver resection. Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity201 , 5 with @entity157 , and 7 with @entity253 were studied. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to analyze conjugated and unconjugated @entity3645 . @entity201 @entity1 with low ( <= 2 mg/dl) and high (>2 mg/dl) levels of total serum @entity648 had significantly higher total @entity6741 and conjugated @entity6741 concentrations than the benign biliary disease group. Markedly elevated levels of cholic and @entity10140 were found in @entity201 cases with high levels of total serum @entity648 . Concentrations of total @entity3645 and primary @entity6741 were correlated with serum @entity165 , @entity648 and @entity3064 in @entity201 . Notably, correlation of the carcinoembryonic antigen, a @entity5 marker, was found with level of total @entity3645 and @entity10140 . These findings suggest a different pattern of @entity6741 concentration in @entity5 @entity1 compared to @entity1 with @entity253 . Thus, accumulation of certain @entity3645 may be involved in @entity105 .

title: Identification of biliary @entity3645 in @entity1 with XXXX , @entity157 and @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['benign biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['benign biliary diseases']


abstract: An 11-year-old @entity1 with @entity302 due to congenital bilateral anterior @entity1315 presented with fluctuating @entity9876 ( @entity9876 ). Since the age of 2, he had experienced clusters of three or four daily complex partial @entity410 over 2-3 days in a month, followed by a @entity410 -free interval of 3-4 weeks. During the @entity410 -free period, the @entity1 exhibited hyperorality, sniffing, irritability alternating with placidity, @entity148 , unsolicited sexual gestures, and unusual calmness after eating. @entity9876 features escalated up to the onset of the @entity410 cluster, and remitted after the @entity410 . Brain MRI revealed bilateral anterior temporal @entity6795 with enlarged and @entity131 . Brain @entity419 positron emission tomography PET showed bilateral anterior and mesial temporal hypometabolism. Video/EEG monitoring revealed independent @entity410 . This is the first reported case of @entity9876 due to @entity600 . Also, @entity9876 behavior phenotype in this @entity1 fluctuated, with escalation during the @entity410 -free period and remission induced by the monthly @entity410 cluster. This fluctuating pattern could represent forced normalization.

title: Fluctuating @entity9876 in a @entity1 with XXXX due to bilateral anterior temporal @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'right and left temporal lobe seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic amygdalar-hippocampal complex']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bitemporal malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe malformations']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['KBS', 'Kluver-Bucy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay is an innovative method for the diagnosis of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) metastases in @entity0 @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to clinically validate the OSNA assay and compare its results with postoperative serial sectioning in a Chinese @entity0 population. METHODS: A prospective study of 370 consecutive SLNs from 115 @entity1 was conducted at our institution. A total of 311 SLNs underwent OSNA assay analysis. All SLNs were sectioned in approximately 2-mm pieces. OSNA assay and postoperative serial sectioning were performed on alternate divided node samples. The postoperative serial sectioning histology diagnosis was used as the standard. RESULTS: The overall rate of agreement between OSNA assay and the postoperative serial sectioning was 95.2  % [95  % confidence interval (CI) 91.6-96.9  %], with a sensitivity of 83.3  % (95  % CI 66.5-93.0  %), a specificity of 96.7  % (95  % CI 93.7-98.4  %), a positive predictive value of 76.9  % (95  % CI 60.3-88.3  %), and a negative predictive value of 97.8  % (95  % CI 95.0-99.1  %) based on the number of SLNs sampled before the discordant cases analyses. Eleven out of 15 discordant cases can be explained by tissue allocation bias. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the OSNA assay is more standardized, objective, and reproducible and can utilize more lymphoid tissue than the traditional pathological examination methods. OSNA can also distinguish between micrometastasis and macrometastasis, thereby enabling us to further study the significance of micrometastasis. Since there is a lack of standardization and reproducibility of pathological examination and diagnostic criteria of the SLNs, we recommend that the OSNA assay can be used in daily clinical diagnostic work.

title: Utility of one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay in detecting XXXX metastases of sentinel lymph nodes in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We report here a case of 18 year old male with @entity400 of hands, @entity2319 , tendency to fall while walking, @entity892 of total duration 1(1/2) years. He had @entity1319 , broken saccades, @entity4372 and @entity427 of all four limbs, intention @entity400 , signs of gait and limb @entity2055 . Pupillary reactions and fundus examination were normal and signs of @entity16 were absent. MRI head and cervical spine with @entity2287 enhancement revealed @entity17 as evident from multiple oblong foci isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in corpus callosum, sub-cortical white matter, right thalamus, pons and periaqueductal region of midbrain. Ill-defined linear hyperintense signals were observed in cervical spinal cord. No skeletal abnormality was noted in the skull or cervical spine. Oligoclonal bands were present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal, although visual evoked potentials were in normal range. A diagnosis of @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) was made fulfilling the revised criteria as laid down. In view of its presentation, it is a unique case of @entity19383 from India.

title: XXXX and @entity2319 in a young male: an unusual aetiology.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal irritation or sensory neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['primary progressive multiple sclerosis', 'PPMS']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['drowsiness and double vision']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['internuclear ophthalmoplegia']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['Ataxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection after repair of groin @entity547 is rare, even since the advent of mesh repair. The debate remains open about antibiotic prophylaxis. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess incidence of this kind of complication, determine criteria of diagnosis and strategy of therapy by examining the collective experience of 32 surgeons. METHOD: Fifty surgeons were asked to report their experience with mesh repair of @entity169 and specifically mesh infection. Diagnosis and therapy for each mesh infection were detailed. RESULTS: Forty-five cases were reported in 38 @entity1 who had undergone open or laparoscopic mesh repair. Diagnosis was straightforward and established at a variable delay after mesh insertion: 51% during the first postoperative month; 26% more than one year after the procedure. Infection cured in 33 @entity1 after mesh removal, in one step in 14 cases, but after many attempts for conservative therapy in 19 cases; the mean delay to cure was 12.5 months. Visceral resections had to be associated with mesh removal in 13% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series of @entity281 after @entity169 repair reported in the literature. According to the evidence provided here, mesh removal appears to be the most appropriate treatment of this rare and serious complication.

title: @entity281 after XXXX mesh repair.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infections']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: The production of @entity4211 in the @entity523 ( @entity523 .) fruit is normally absent or poor, but a number of mutants or introgression lines are known to increase @entity4211 levels in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Through conventional breeding, a genetic combination was obtained with the remarkable phenotype of a deep purple fruit pigmentation, due to an accumulation of @entity4211 on the peel. Such a genotype was named Sun Black (SB) as a consequence of its sensitivity to light induction. When characterized for morpho-agronomic traits, SB plants showed increased fertility. Purple fruits displayed an arrangement of the epicarp cells different from normal tomatoes, a feature that could account for different mechanical properties and shelf-life potential. The SB genotype and, to a lesser extent, its single mutant parents showed the capacity to accumulate @entity4211 in the seedling root when grown under light. This phenotype, which was greatly improved by the addition of @entity969 to the germination medium, proved to be useful as selection index and gave new insights for in vitro production of @entity4211 extracts. To assess the nutraceutical potential of purple tomatoes, we tested the activity of SB skin extracts on the proliferation of two @entity1 @entity5 cells lines. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by SB extract in a dose-dependent manner. When the bioactivity of SB extracts was compared with that of other @entity4211 -containing fruits or vegetables, a significant "Extract*Line" interaction was evidenced, suggesting a crucial role for the extract composition in terms of @entity4211 and other eventual cell growth-inhibiting compounds.

title: Novel phenotypes related to the breeding of purple-fruited tomatoes and effect of peel extracts on @entity1 XXXX cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['Solanum lycopersicum L', 'tomato']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins', 'anthocyanin', 'anthocyanidins']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: There is a lack of targeted studies to validate the effectiveness of @entity683 vaccination on the reduction in @entity683 -related hospitalizations among @entity1 with co-morbidities. In this study, we estimate the effectiveness of @entity683 vaccination on preventing hospitalizations in @entity1 with @entity66 and establish an evidence base for recommendations on @entity683 vaccination in this population. During the @entity683 in 2011-2012, we performed a multicenter, retrospective case-control study. Cases were @entity1 hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of @entity565 , @entity1030 , @entity741 ( @entity741 ), and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Controls were selected from outpatients who visited study hospitals but who were not hospitalized. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 based on age, gender, and date of hospital visit. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effectiveness of vaccination. Between 25 December 2011 and 5 May 2012, 828 of each hospitalized and control subjects were identified. The @entity683 vaccination rate of the hospitalized and non-hospitalized @entity1 was 54.2% and 60.4%, respectively (P = 0.006). The overall vaccine effectiveness for preventing hospitalization was 33.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0-49.0%; P = 0.002). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that @entity683 vaccination significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization, especially due to acute exacerbation of @entity741 and @entity712 , in @entity1 aged 65 y and older. The estimated vaccine effectiveness in these @entity1 was 56.0% (95% CI 32.1-71.4%, P = 0.002). Influenza vaccination was associated with a reduction in the risk of hospitalization due to acute exacerbation of @entity66 . We recommend the vaccine be given primarily to @entity1 with underlying @entity65 , particularly those 65 y of age and older.

title: Effectiveness of the XXXX vaccine at preventing hospitalization due to acute exacerbation of @entity66 in Korea from 2011 to 2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza epidemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of @entity619 plus ginger and @entity619 alone on @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity1 undergoing general anaesthesia for thyroidectomy were enrolled in this randomised, double-blind study. @entity1 received oral @entity3175 10mg with either oral placebo (group I) or 0.5g of ginger (group II) as premedication 1 hour prior to surgery. Standard general anaesthetic techniques and postoperative analgesia were employed. Both group I and group II received intravenous @entity619 150 microg/kg immediately before the induction of anaesthesia. Data were recorded over a 24-hour observation period after surgery. RESULTS: In the @entity619 -treated group, 14 @entity1 experienced @entity390 , two @entity1 retched, three @entity1 vomited once, two @entity1 vomited repeatedly, and 14 @entity1 required a rescue antiemetic. In the @entity619 -plus-ginger-treated group, 12 @entity1 experienced @entity390 , one @entity1 retched, four @entity1 vomited once, no @entity1 vomited repeatedly, and 13 @entity1 required a rescue antiemetic. @entity619 plus ginger did not significantly reduce @entity390 and @entity391 compared with @entity619 alone during the observation period. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prophylactic combination of antiemetic treatment with @entity619 and ginger was not clinically or statistically superior to @entity619 alone in preventing @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

title: Prevention of XXXX after thyroidectomy: combined antiemetic treatment with @entity619 and ginger versus @entity619 alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: Between October 1979 and June 1982 forty-six @entity1 were entered on a non-randomized Phase I-II protocol for the evaluation of @entity8712 combined with high dose per fraction radiation for the treatment of advanced pelvic @entity5 . Pelvic radiation consisted of 1000 cGy in one fraction repeated at 4-week intervals for a total of three treatments. Oral @entity8712 at a dose of 4 gm/m2 was administered 4-6 hr prior to radiation (total dose 12 g/m2). The distribution of histology consisted of 20 gynecologic, 24 bowel, and 2 prostate @entity5 . Of the thirty-seven @entity1 completing the three treatments; there were 6 complete responses (14% CR), 10 partial responses (27% PR) 19 minimal or no response (32% NR), and 4 unevaluable. One @entity1 remains NED 5.5 years following radiation. @entity137 directly related to @entity8712 was minimal and consisted primarily of transcient Grade 1, 2 @entity1897 (20% Grade 1, 4% Grade 2) and Grade 2 @entity2167 (4%). @entity137 was significant for late bowel damage. There were 4 (11%) Grade 3 and 7 (19%) Grade 4 gastro-intestinal (GI) @entity137 . Kaplan-Meier plot of @entity137 showed a progressive increase in incidence with time for projected rate of 49% Grade 3, 4 by 12-month. @entity137 (Grade 3, 4) was also related to @entity5 response. The complication rate was 80% (4/6) for CR, 30% (3/10) for PR and 26% (5/19) for NR or progression. Because of the GI complication rate, this protocol for palliation of advanced pelvic @entity5 has been replaced by a protocol that uses 4 fractions over 2 days (b.i.d.) of 370 cGy per fraction repeated at 3-week intervals for a total of 3 courses.

title: Palliation of advanced pelvic @entity5 with large fraction pelvic radiation and XXXX : final report of RTOG phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'GI toxicity', 'Radiation toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['Misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity8712 :: (MESH:D008920,Chemical) :: ['misonidazole']


abstract: We investigated the frequency of spontaneous apoptosis and expression of the @entity588 family of proteins during normal spermatogenesis in @entity1 . Testicular tissue with both normal morphology and DNA content was obtained from necro-donors and fixed in Bouin's solution. A TdT-mediated @entity1977 end-labelling method (TUNEL) was used for the detection of apoptotic cells. Expression of apoptosis regulatory @entity588 family proteins and of @entity876 and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Germ cell apoptosis was detected in all testes and was mainly seen in primary spermatocytes and spermatids and in a few spermatogonia. @entity588 and @entity2428 were preferentially expressed in the compartments of spermatocytes and differentiating spermatids, while @entity1836 was preferentially expressed in spermatogonia. @entity589 showed a preferential expression in nuclei of round spermatids, whereas Bad was only seen in the acrosome region of various stages of spermatids. @entity2423 staining was weak without a particular pattern, whereas expression of @entity6577 , @entity876 and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) proteins was not detected by immunohistochemistry. The results show that spontaneous apoptosis occurs in all male germ cell compartments in @entity1 . @entity588 family proteins are distributed preferentially within distinct germ cell compartments suggesting a specific role for these proteins in the processes of differentiation and maturation during @entity1 spermatogenesis.

title: Expression of @entity588 family proteins and spontaneous apoptosis in normal XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Red blood cell (RBC) mechanical alterations and oxidative damage were investigated after an acute exhausting exercise in @entity35 , together with the leukocyte activation. The groups formed as follows. Control (C) (n = 9), group I (n = 9) and group II (n = 7) from which blood samples were collected 15 minutes and 24 hours respectively, after acute exercise. The @entity35 were subjected to running at a speed of 17 m/min until exhaustion. The leukocyte phagocytic activity ( @entity4991 ), RBC lipid peroxidation and RBC deformability were measured. @entity4991 increased significantly after the exhausting exercise and prolonged till 24 hours (p = 0.0168). RBC membrane lipid peroxidation was gradually increased till 24 hours (p = 0.0297) and there was a significant correlation between @entity4991 and RBC lipid peroxidation (r = 0.63, p = 0.015). There was a slight but significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p = 0.0467) and increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p = 0.0458) suggesting a cellular dehydration after 24 hours. No significant alteration was detected in RBC deformability, assessed by the Cell Transit Analyzer (CTA) and thought that decreased MCV might have masked to determine the alterations in membrane mechanical properties in CTA. As a conclusion the results imply that activated leukocytes might play role in the RBC damage observed after exhausting exercise encouraging oxidative stress.

title: Leukocyte activation, oxidant stress and red blood cell properties after acute, exhausting exercise in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term exposure of beta cells to @entity1718 impairs insulin secretion and increases apoptosis. In contrast, @entity1474 protect beta-cells from the long-term negative effects of @entity1718 . We aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying this protective action of @entity1474 . To address the aim, insulin-secreting MIN6 cells were exposed to @entity2365 in the absence or presence of oleate and analyzed by using nano-LC @entity15 / @entity15 based proteomic approach. Important findings were validated by using alternative approaches. Proteomic analysis identified 34 proteins differentially expressed in the presence of @entity2365 compared to control samples. These proteins play a role in insulin processing, mitochondrial function, metabolism of biomolecules, @entity460 homeostasis, exocytosis, receptor signaling, ER protein folding, antioxidant activity and anti-apoptotic function. When oleate was also present during culture, expression of 15 proteins was different from the expression in the presence of @entity2365 alone. Most of the proteins affected by oleate are targets of the ER stress response and play a pro-survival role in beta cells such as protein folding and antioxidative defence. We conclude that restoration of pro-survival pathways of the ER stress response is a major mechanism underlying the protective effect of @entity1474 in beta cells treated with @entity1718 .

title: Oleate protects beta-cells from the toxic effect of XXXX by activating pro-survival pathways of the ER stress response.

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity2365 :: (CHEBI:7896,Chemical) :: ['palmitate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic implications of introducing @entity14534 (' @entity3926 ') for anti-coagulation therapy in Danish @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 based on results of the RE-LY trial. METHODS: The lifetime cost and outcomes of @entity3926 and @entity1229 were estimated using a previously published cost-effectiveness model. The model utilizes the data from the RE-LY study to estimate the costs and outcomes of @entity64 prevention in @entity955 . Cost estimates were based on official Danish tariffs and prices, and published literature on the cost of @entity64 . In the base-case analysis a conservative approach was adopted applying tariffs from the lowest range for the cost of International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring associated with @entity1229 . The effectiveness measure of the analysis was quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). RESULTS: The model estimated that the mean cost per @entity1 for the remaining life-time is @entity7634 16,886 treated with @entity1229 and @entity7634 18,752 treated with @entity3926 . This was associated with mean QALYs per @entity1 of 8.32 with @entity1229 and 8.59 with @entity3926 . The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of     @entity7634 7000 per QALY gained is regarded as cost-effective by Danish standards. This conclusion was seen to be robust to realistic variations in input parameters, including adjustment for the RE-LY centres achieving the best INR monitoring quality. Threshold analysis revealed that @entity3926 would be cost-saving in settings where the cost of @entity1229 monitoring exceeds @entity7634 744 per year. LIMITATIONS: The analysis does not include all aspects of Danish clinical practice anti-coagulation that will influence cost-effectiveness of @entity3926 , e.g., this study did not attempt to model quality of anticoagulation monitoring and under-utilization in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the outcomes observed in the RE-LY trial, @entity3926 represents a cost-effective alternative to @entity1229 in Denmark for all @entity1 with @entity955 within the licensed indication of @entity3926 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX for @entity64 prevention in non-valvular @entity955 . Applying RE-LY to clinical practice in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity14534 :: (MESH:C453962,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran etexilate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: South Africa like many other developing countries is experiencing an epidemiologic transition with a marked increase in the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden. @entity6 is the most common cause of incidental @entity1939 in adults. A screening programme using a mobile fundal camera in a primary care setting has been shown to be effective in the country. Information on affordability and cost is essential for policymakers to consider its adoption. METHODS: Economic evaluation is the comparative analysis of competing alternative interventions in terms of costs and consequences. A cost effectiveness analysis was done using actual costs from the primary care screening programme. RESULTS: A total of 14,541 @entity1 were screened in three primary healthcare facilities in the Western Cape. Photographs were taken by a trained technician with supervision by an ophthalmic nurse. The photographs were then read by a medical officer with ophthalmic experience. A cost effective ratio of  1206 per @entity1939 case averted was obtained. This included costs for screening and treating an individual. The cost just to screen a @entity1 for @entity989 was  22. The costs of screening and treating all incident cases of @entity1939 due to @entity6 in South Africa would be 168,000,000 ZAR ( 19,310,344) per annum. CONCLUSION: Non mydriatic digital fundoscopy is a cost effective measure in the screening and diagnosis of @entity6 in a primary care setting in South Africa. The major savings in the long term are a result of avoiding government disability grant for @entity1 who suffer @entity1018 .

title: Preventing @entity6 : cost effectiveness of a screening programme using digital non-mydriatic fundus photography for XXXX in a primary health care setting in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is an effective and minimally invasive treatment option for acute @entity8 . Early post-interventional complications include groin @entity1410 , incomplete @entity887 , coil misplacement and coil migration. Late complications are rare and mostly related to coil migration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old @entity1 with a history of recurrent stone disease and a lumbal meningomyelocele underwent bilateral open pyelolithotomy for @entity1608 . Post-operatively, acute @entity548 of the left kidney occurred and selective arterial coil @entity887 of a lower pole interlobular renal artery was performed twice.Four years after this intervention the @entity1 presented with a new 15.4 mm stone in the lower calyx of the left kidney. After two extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatments disintegration of the stone was not detectable. Therefore, flexible ureterorenoscopy was performed and revealed that the stone was adherent to a partially intraluminal metal coil in the lower renal calyx. The intracalyceal part of the coil and the adherent stone were successfully removed using the holmium laser. CONCLUSION: Therapy-resistant @entity1790 was caused by a migrated metal coil, which was placed four years earlier for the treatment of acute post-operative @entity8 . Renal coils in close vicinity to the renal pelvis can migrate into the collecting system and trigger @entity1290 formation. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy seems to be inefficient for these composite stones. Identification of these rare stones is possible during retrograde intrarenal surgery. It also enables immediate stone disintegration and removal of the stone fragments and the intraluminal coil material.

title: Therapy-resistant XXXX following renal artery coil embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal bleeding', 'Transcatheter renal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral staghorn calculi']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a prospective analysis to determine the prevalence of @entity580 and associated risk factors in our @entity4837 ( @entity4837 ). METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on underlying diagnoses, therapeutic interventions/treatments, @entity281 , and outcomes at 9 am every day from November 2004 through October 2005. Prevalence of @entity580 and @entity281 were according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Among 528 @entity1 enrolled, 60 (11.4%) had 97 @entity580 . The survival rate was 92%. The prevalence of @entity580 was 17.5%: @entity281 , 4.7%, clinical @entity295 , 6.3%, @entity55 , 5.1%, @entity293 ( @entity293 ), 0.7%, @entity281 , 0.7%. Intervention-associated infection rate: central intravascular catheter-associated @entity281 , 13.7%, @entity281 , 15.8%, ventilator-associated @entity55 , 18.6%, @entity281 13.7%, urinary catheter-associated UTI, 17.3%. Cut-off values of onset of central intravascular catheter-associated @entity281 and ventilator-associated @entity55 were 6 days and 10 days after intervention, respectively. @entity1 with a birth weight <1000 g (relative risk, 11.8, 95% confidence interval, 7.66-18.18; P < .001) were at the greatest risk for @entity580 . CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the high prevalence of @entity580 in @entity4837 @entity1 , and the urgent need for a national surveillance and more effective prevention interventions.

title: XXXX in a @entity4837 : a prospective study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal intensive care unit', 'NICU']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection site definitions', 'infections', 'bloodstream infection', 'surgical site infection', 'TPN-associated bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial infection']


abstract: A 10 year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to severe @entity360 . His symptoms included @entity360 and fainting. Neither emergency upper endoscopy nor colonoscopy had identified the site of @entity548 . During the colonoscopy they noticed that fresh blood entered the cecum from the ileum. An urgent capsule endoscopy was performed 8 hours after the @entity1 admission. They placed the capsule with specific endoscopic technique into the proximal duodenum under general anesthesia. During 3,5 hours by the small bowel passage the capsule moved to the ileum and a focal @entity548 lesion was detected at this site, suggesting the typical picture of @entity548 @entity8529 . The @entity1 was transfused by 1 unit of blood, with a minimum haemoglobin level 95 g/l. By surgery the ulcerated @entity8529 was identified and resected. Histopathology showed @entity356 . Surgical resection of the @entity7261 resulted complete healing of this @entity1 . The capsule endoscopy diagnosis was prompt, precise, and the all examinations were carried out within 24 hours. Involving urgent small bowel capsule endoscopy into the diagnostic workup of the obscure @entity548 @entity1 could considerably shorten the time to achieve a correct diagnosis and allowed the early institution of definitive treatment. By this one could spare a great number of costly alternative investigations with low diagnostic yield.

title: [Identification of a XXXX @entity548 by urgent capsule endoscopy].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic gastric mucosa']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity8529 :: (MESH:D008467,Disease) :: ['Meckel's diverticulum']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of daily administration of oral @entity2879 (25 mg) for @entity1 with @entity1149 treated with concurrent radiation therapy. Planned endpoints were response, survival and @entity137 . Forty-one @entity1 with @entity1149 were divided into 25 @entity1 given daily oral @entity2879 (25 mg) with concurrent radiation therapy ( @entity18437 group) and 16 @entity1 given radiation therapy alone ( @entity138 group). @entity2879 was administrated in the morning throughout radiation therapy. The median total irradiated dose was 63.1 Gy in the @entity18437 group and 64.0 Gy in the @entity138 group. Twenty-four @entity1 completed therapy in the @entity18437 group and 16 in the @entity138 group. Three (15%) @entity18437 @entity1 achieved complete response (CR) and 9 (45%) achieved partial response (PR). In the @entity138 group, no @entity1 achieved CR and 9 (69%) achieved PR. One-year survival was 22.6% with @entity18437 and 23.0% with @entity138 . The prognosis of stage III @entity1 in the @entity18437 group was worse than that in the @entity138 group because radiation @entity55 and @entity1208 were more severe with @entity18437 . In conclusion, the @entity18437 group had better local response but worse in survival than the @entity138 group. Complications of @entity18437 were severe enough to cause @entity204 in some @entity1 . @entity18437 had no clear advantage over @entity138 .

title: [Effect of daily administration of oral @entity2879 for XXXX treated with concurrent radiation therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['radiation esophagitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the cause of @entity2747 in a case of @entity3170 . CASE: The @entity1 was a 65-year-old @entity1 with unilateral @entity2747 who did not respond to laser iridotomy. OBSERVATIONS: Slit-lamp examination demonstrated a @entity735 . Intraocular pressure was 22 mmHg even after application of two @entity735 . B-scan ultrasonography demonstrated scleral thickening and @entity2194 . Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a shallow anterior chamber with angle closure, annular ciliochoroidal effusion with @entity4 , and an anterior rotation of the ciliary body. After instillation of cycloplegics, the ciliary body and ciliary processes rotated posteriorly, resulting in the release of the pressure on the iris. These changes led to the opening of the angle and subsequent normalization of intraocular pressure. A diagnosis was made of @entity1143 associated with @entity3170 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3170 can develop @entity1143 , which can lead to @entity2747 . The therapeutic strategy for @entity2747 induced by @entity1143 differs completely from that for @entity2747 with @entity616 . In the case of @entity1143 , it is important to relieve the compression of the angle by the iris by displacing the lens-iris diaphragm posteriorly by cycloplegics.

title: XXXX associated with @entity3170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary body edema']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['antiglaucoma eye-drop preparations', 'shallow anterior chamber in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma', 'angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['posterior scleritis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Ciliochoroidal effusion syndrome']


abstract: The mechanism of reactivation of @entity27716 dehydratase by its reactivating factor was investigated in vitro by using enzyme. @entity2186 complex as a model for inactivated holoenzyme. The factor mediated the exchange of the enzyme-bound, @entity5536 -lacking @entity2186 for free, @entity5536 -containing @entity2186 through intermediate formation of apoenzyme. The factor showed extremely low but distinct @entity855 -hydrolyzing activity. It formed a tight complex with apoenzyme in the presence of @entity857 but not at all in the presence of @entity855 . Incubation of the enzyme.cyanocobalamin complex with the reactivating factor in the presence of @entity857 brought about release of the enzyme-bound @entity2186 , leaving the tight apoenzyme-reactivating factor complex. Although the resulting complex was inactive even in the presence of added @entity27854 , it dissociated by incubation with @entity855 , forming the apoenzyme, which was reconstitutable into active holoenzyme with added coenzyme. Thus, it was established that the reactivation of the inactivated holoenzyme by the factor in the presence of @entity855 and @entity1025 takes place in two steps: @entity857 -dependent @entity2186 release and @entity855 -dependent dissociation of the apoenzyme.factor complex. @entity855 plays dual roles as a precursor of @entity857 in the first step and as an effector to change the factor into the low-affinity form for @entity27716 dehydratase. The enzyme-bound @entity27854 was also susceptible to exchange with free @entity41375 , although to a much lesser degree. The mechanism for discrimination of @entity5536 -containing @entity2186 from @entity5536 -lacking @entity2186 was explained in terms of formation equilibrium constants of the @entity2186 .enzyme.reactivating factor ternary complexes. We propose that the reactivating factor is a new type of molecular chaperone that participates in reactivation of the inactivated enzymes.

title: Mechanism of reactivation of coenzyme B12-dependent XXXX dehydratase by a molecular chaperone-like reactivating factor.

entities_list: @entity41375 :: ('MESH:C413930', 'Chemical') :: ['adeninylpentylcobalamin']

entities_list: @entity27854 :: ('MESH:C000913', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosylcobalamin']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamins', 'cyanocobalamin', 'cobalamin']

answer: @entity27716 :: (CHEBI:23824,Chemical) :: ['diol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1642 after diagnosis of @entity0 is often severe. Most of the @entity1 with @entity0 and their families suffer from @entity132 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cluster non-randomized trial was conducted at a @entity5 Society in Melaka, Malaysia to assess the effectiveness of psycho-education on well-being status and @entity308 among @entity0 @entity1 . The study period was for one month (11(th) June 2011 and 16(th) July 2011). @entity1 in this study were 34 adult @entity1 suffering from non-metastatic @entity0 and on appropriate allopathic medication. The WHO-five Well-being Index (1998 version) was used as the screening instrument for the assessment of well-being and @entity308 . The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test was applied for comparison between pre-test and post-test scores. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: This study revealed that majority of the @entity1 was in the state of adequate well-being after the psycho-education 33 (97.1%). The proportion of @entity308 individuals had also reduced from 8 (23.5%) to 1 (2.9%) after the psychological intervention. The post-test results significantly improved after the intervention for the items related to "I have felt calm and relaxed", "I woke up feeling fresh and rested" and "my daily life has been filled with things that interest me" along with the "overall impression" in the WHO-5 Well-being Index. CONCLUSION: Group psycho-education played a significant role in improving the well-being status and reducing @entity308 of @entity0 survivors.

title: Effectiveness of Group Psycho-education on Well-being and Depression Among XXXX Survivors of Melaka, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional, social, financial and psychological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Participation rates in @entity14 screening are below recommended European targets. Reminders on electronic medical records (EMRs) may help to increase uptake in such programmes. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of an alert in primary care EMRs to increase individuals' participation in an organised, population-based @entity14 screening programme when compared with usual care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care centres of Barcelona, Spain. METHOD: @entity1 were males and females aged 50-69 years, who were invited to the first round of a screening programme based on the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) (n = 41 042), and their primary care professional. The randomisation unit was the physician cluster (n = 130) and @entity1 were blinded to the study group. The control group followed usual care as per the @entity14 screening programme. In the intervention group, as well as usual care, an alert to health professionals (cluster level) to promote screening was introduced in the individual's primary care EMR for 1 year. The main outcome was @entity14 at individual @entity1 level. RESULTS: In total, 67 physicians and 21 619 @entity1 (intervention group) and 63 physicians and 19 423 @entity1 (control group) were randomised and analysed using an intention-to-treat approach. Screening participation was 44.1% and 42.2% respectively (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.20, P = 0.146). No statistically significant improvements were found after adjusting for clustering and other confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The use of an alert in an individual's primary care EMR was not associated with a statistically significant increased uptake of an organised, FIT-based @entity14 screening programme with a moderate baseline participation rate.

title: Alerts in electronic medical records to promote XXXX screening programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer screening participation', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The study consisted of 26 @entity1 (15 female, 11 male; mean age 43 +/- 10 years) with mild to moderate @entity101 ( @entity101 ). They were followed for a 2-week washout period and then for another 2-week single-blind placebo phase. Four @entity1 receiving placebo dropped out of the study. @entity1 qualified for active medication if their sitting diastolic blood pressures (BPs), the median of three readings, were between 95 and 115 mm Hg at the end of the placebo period. Slow-release @entity1855 240 mg was given once or twice daily as the sole antihypertensive agent and was continued for 6 weeks. Two @entity1 (9%) were excluded from the trial due to early side effects. A target diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg was obtained in the remaining 20 @entity1 . At the end of the study, the mean value of sitting BP was reduced from an initial 170/103 (125) mm Hg to 130/81 (98) mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and the mean standing BP was decreased from 167/103 (125) mm Hg to 130/81 (98) mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The drug had no significant effects on the laboratory data, left ventricular performance as assessed by echocardiography and systolic time intervals, and the electrocardiogram parameters with the exception of PR prolongation (p less than 0.05). Adverse effects were noted in only three @entity1 (14%). We conclude that slow-release @entity1855 is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated drug in treating @entity101 .

title: The effects of slow-release XXXX on blood pressure and cardiovascular system in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension', 'EH']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document clinical signs and gross pathologic changes associated with naturally acquired cantharidiasis ( @entity4530 ) in equids. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 70 equids with laboratory-confirmed @entity4530 . PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed to obtain history, physical examination findings, feeding practices, and diagnostic test and necropsy results. RESULTS: 32 @entity1641 and 2 @entity15382 died from exposure to @entity28184 , whereas 36 @entity1641 survived. Diet content varied, but alfalfa hay was the common component. @entity66 was rapid. Most equids had signs of @entity344 . Six @entity1641 had nonspecific neurologic signs. All equids dying from cantharidiasis were in shock terminally, with duration of clinical signs ranging from 3 to 18 hours. Six @entity1641 that died had no gross lesions, whereas 14 had mild to moderate @entity356 . Only 2 @entity1641 had gastric or duodenal ulceration, and 2 had @entity1494 . One @entity1641 had @entity121 . Clinicopathologic data available on 10 @entity1641 included @entity3747 , @entity1272 , and @entity2629 . @entity28184 concentrations in urine or pooled gastric-cecal contents did not always correlate with severity of disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Blister beetle poisoning is not universally fatal in equids. Clinical signs are related to the amount of @entity28184 ingested. Every @entity1641 that survived was treated aggressively. In @entity4968 , gross lesions may be minimal or inapparent, and diagnosis must be confirmed by chemical detection of @entity28184 in urine, blood, or stomach or cecal contents.

title: Clinical features of XXXX in equids: 70 cases (1983-1996).

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Onset of signs of disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage of the urinary bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blister beetle poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract distress']

entities_list: @entity28184 :: ('MESH:D002193', 'Chemical') :: ['Cantharidin', 'cantharidin']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['fatal poisonings']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac muscle necrosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['erythema of gastric, small intestinal, or colonic mucosa']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['blister beetle poisoning']


abstract: The late phase of @entity9504 is characterized not only by the synthesis of late proteins and the assembly of new virions, but also by the inhibition of early gene expression and host cell translation. Previous work has demonstrated that both of these inhibitory effects depend upon expression from the major late transcription unit (MLTU), controlled by the major late promoter (MLP). Furthermore, the repression of early gene expression has been shown to be mediated in trans, suggesting a role for one or more MLTU-encoded soluble factor(s). A possible candidate for such a factor is the L4-encoded 33K gene product, a protein conserved throughout the Mastadenoviridae, but of no known function. To test the role of this protein in @entity1800 , a stop codon was placed at the 20th position of the 33K ORF. Viable virus with genomes containing the mutation were recovered in an overlap recombination assay. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the mutant virus had a significant @entity124 and final yield, as compared to the wild-type virus. Detailed analysis of infected cells showed that there was no detectable change in the regulation of expression of several early genes and the pIX gene. This suggests either that 33K is not involved in this late phase phenomenon or that this function is replaceable by another late protein(s). Late protein synthesis and accumulation were similar to those in wild-type-infected cells. However, the reduced yield of infectious mutant virus could be accounted for by a marked @entity942 of intermediate particles and completed capsids, suggesting a role for 33K in the process of assembly. In addition there was a small but reproducible deficiency in the shutoff of host cell translation. These results show that the 33K protein plays an important, although apparently not essential, function in the late phase of @entity778 .

title: The role of the L4 33K gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in both kinetics of replication']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in the accumulation']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['adenovirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A method of atrial ablation was developed with the aim of shortening the aortic cross-clamp time during MAZE surgery. The @entity42445 -151 infrared coagulator (Infrarot-Kontaktkoagulator: MBB: Messerschmidt-Bolkow-Blohn, Germany) was employed. Our aim was to electrophysiologically confirm the efficacy of this device. METHODS: The MAZE-III procedure was performed in four mongrel @entity235 . Instead of a pulmonary vein-encircling incision, @entity42445 -151 was applied several times to create a continuously overlapping circular lesion. After aortic declamping, the potentials of both atria were recorded using 18 bipolar electrodes implanted in the atrial wall. The recording conditions were: 1) sinus rhythm, 2) overdrive pacing from outside the encircling coagulation, and 3) overdrive pacing from inside the encircling coagulation. RESULTS: 1) There was no detectable potential within the @entity358 . 2) There was no conduction of paced atrial potential inside the encircling coagulation. 3) Only the area within the encircling coagulation was activated by the stimulus. Other parts of the atrium showed sinus rhythm simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: The left atrium within the @entity358 was isolated electrophysiologically.

title: Atrial ablation using an @entity42445 -151 infrared coagulator in XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein-encircling coagulation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of indirect CT lymphography (CT-LG) combined with nanocarbon tracer suspension staining in the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) detection of @entity95 tongue ( @entity5 ). METHOD: Eight @entity95 were divided into two groups, i. e. normal control group (6 @entity95 ) and @entity5772 group (2 @entity95 ). Pre-contrast CT images were taken for all @entity95 . The mixture of iohexol and nanocarbon tracer suspension (iohexol 0.25 ml and nanocarbon tracer 0.25 ml, respectively, volume ratio = 1:1) was used as contrast agent of indirect CT-LG. Indirect CT-LG was performed as the contrast agent was injection into right ventrolateral submucosa of the tongues. CT images were acquired at 1, 5, 10 and 15 min after injection. RESULT: There were no cervical lymph nodes clearly identified in any group on the pre-contrast CT images. After the contrast agent injection, indirect CT-LG showed an @entity1600 with rapid enhancement which was the only enhanced @entity1600 , located lateral to the larynx- @entity825 region in all @entity95 of VX2 control group and @entity189 group. The CT attenuation values of @entity1600 were (58.80    5.45) @entity36446 and (63.80    4.32) HU at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after indirect CT-LG. After the cervical anatomy guided by CT scan, all of the right deep @entity1600 showed a distinct enrichment of black dye highly consistent with the locations on the indirect CT-LG images. CONCLUSION: It is more accurate for @entity1600 by indirect CT lymphography combined with nanocarbon tracer staining.

title: [Sentinel lymph node detection of XXXX tongue by indirect CT lymphography combined with nanocarbon tracer].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node detection', 'ipsilateral SLN', 'sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['VX2 tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate capillary morphology and erythrocyte velocity to blood pressure in mild-to-moderate essential arterial @entity101 . DESIGN: Ambulatory blood pressure measurement may provide more precise information about a @entity1 's mean blood pressure than office measurements. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with recently diagnosed, previously untreated mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recording and a capillaroscopic examination of finger microcirculation. Erythrocyte velocity was determined by the flying spot technique. RESULTS: Both mean 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean 24-h ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly inversely correlated with capillary erythrocyte velocity. However, the correlation between erythrocyte velocity and office SBP and office DBP was less significant. Capillary length was related to 24-h ambulatory DBP but not to office DBP. Capillary number was not related to any blood pressure parameter. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that, in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 , erythrocyte velocity is significantly lower than for matched controls. It is also inversely related to mean 24-h ambulatory SBP and 24-h ambulatory DBP.

title: Impaired microcirculation in mild-to-moderate essential arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We have demonstrated previously that pharmacological doses of @entity53 decreased @entity29614 expression in the hypothalamus. We therefore analysed @entity29614 expression during the oestrous cycle in the @entity35 , to establish if acute changes in @entity53 affect @entity29614 expression under physiological conditions. Radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to measure the gene expression under investigation. Total @entity29614 transcript levels were lowest in pro-oestrus in the choroid plexus, these changes correspond inversely with levels of circulating @entity53 in the @entity35 4-day oestrous cycle. In contrast full-length @entity29614 levels in both arcuate and ventromedial nuclei did not correspond to the levels of total @entity29614 in the same areas of the hypothalamus or serum levels of @entity53 . Full-length @entity29614 expression in the arcuate nucleus was negatively correlated with @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) expression (r = 0.447, p < 0. 05) in the same nucleus. Arcuate nucleus @entity10969 expression did not correlate significantly with the expression of total leptin receptors in the arcuate nucleus (r = 0.080) or serum leptin levels (r = 0.251). Our results demonstrate that @entity29614 expression is regulated during the oestrous cycle. The unchanged serum leptin levels during the oestrous cycle together with the correlation between the expression of leptin-RL and @entity10969 provide circumstantial evidence that regulation of @entity29614 abundance in the hypothalamus governs the biological actions of leptin.

title: Cyclical variations in the abundance of leptin receptors, but not in circulating leptin, correlate with XXXX expression during the oestrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asbestos-related diseases, such as @entity5 and @entity1355 , remain a significant occupational and public health concern. Asbestos is still widely used in many developing countries despite being a recognized carcinogen that has been banned over 50 countries. The prevalence and mortality from @entity66 continue to pose challenges worldwide. Many countries are now experiencing an epidemic of @entity66 that is the legacy of occupational exposure during the 20th century because of the long latency period (up to 40 years) between initial asbestos exposure and exhibition of disease. However, the @entity1820 resulting from asbestos exposure are not as clearly defined. In this review, we summarize some of the recent epidemiology of @entity66 and then focus on the evidence implicating asbestos in causing @entity344 . We also briefly review the important new pathogenic information that has emerged over the past several years that may account for asbestos-related @entity1820 . All types of asbestos fibers have been implicated in the mortality and morbidity from @entity344 but the collective evidence to date is mixed. Although the molecular basis of @entity1820 arising from asbestos exposure is unclear, there have been significant advances in our understanding of @entity2615 and @entity1355 that may contribute to the pathophysiology underlying asbestos-induced @entity1820 . The emerging new evidence into the pathogenesis of @entity137 is providing insights into the molecular basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for @entity66 in future management.

title: Asbestos-Induced XXXX : An Update.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos-related disease', 'asbestos-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) cancers', 'gastrointestinal cancers', 'GI cancers']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize @entity1 with @entity339 ( @entity339 ) and @entity955 ( @entity955 ) treated percutaneously using the MitraClip device (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, Illinois) and compare the results with surgery in this population. BACKGROUND: The EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study) randomized controlled trial compared a less invasive catheter-based treatment for @entity339 with surgery, providing an opportunity to assess the impact of @entity955 on the outcomes of both the MitraClip procedure and surgical repair. METHODS: The study population included 264 @entity1 with moderately severe or severe @entity339 assessed by an independent echocardiographic core laboratory. Comparison of safety and effectiveness study endpoints at 30 days and 1 year were made using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol (cohort of @entity1 with @entity339  <=2+ at discharge) analyses. RESULTS: Pre-existing @entity955 was present in 27% of @entity1 . These @entity1 were older, had more @entity1442 , and were more likely to have a functional etiology. Similar reduction of @entity339 to  <=2+ before discharge was achieved in @entity1 with @entity955 (83%) and in @entity1 without @entity955 (75%, p = 0.3). Freedom from death, mitral valve surgery for @entity340 , and @entity339 >2+ was similar at 12 months for @entity955 @entity1 (64%) and for no- @entity955 @entity1 (61%, p = 0.3). At 12 months, @entity339 reduction to <2+ was greater with surgery than with MitraClip, but there was no interaction between rhythm and @entity339 reduction, and no difference in all-cause mortality between @entity1 with and @entity1 without @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity955 is associated with more @entity340 and noncardiac comorbidities. However, acute procedural success, safety, and 1-year efficacy with MitraClip therapy is similar for @entity1 with @entity955 and without @entity955 .

title: Effects of XXXX on treatment of @entity339 in the EVEREST II (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study) randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction', 'advanced valvular disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of relevant literature. OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of a @entity3553 (SSA) and highlight the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance and surgical management. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: SSA is rare, as most intraspinal abscesses are epidural in location. Extensive thoracolumbosacral SSA has only rarely been reported. The MRI features and options for limited surgical management are not well described. METHODS: A case report of SSA is presented and relevant literature is reviewed. RESULTS: An elderly female presented with worsening back @entity158 and @entity295 . MRI demonstrated an extensive @entity733 , extending from the upper thoracic spine to the sacrum. Both axial and sagittal images demonstrated a subdural location of the collection, with preservation of the dorsal epidural fat and mass effect on the spinal cord. @entity1745 was most marked at the T8 level. Limited midthoracic laminectomies were performed. The epidural space seemed normal intraoperatively. A limited longitudinal durotomy yielded purulent fluid. After intraoperative irrigation, primary dural repair was performed. At 2-year follow-up, the @entity1 had no clinical, radiographical, or laboratory evidence of residual or recurrent @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Careful review of MRI can localize an @entity733 to the subdural space. Even for extensive subdural collections, limited operative management can achieve excellent clinical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: XXXX : magnetic resonance imaging appearance and limited surgical management.

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['thoracolumbosacral spinal subdural abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['Cord compression']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal abscess']

answer: @entity3553 :: (MESH:D013354,Disease) :: ['Thoracolumbosacral spinal subdural abscess']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To propose a novel ultrasound scoring system for hand and wrist joints (US10) for evaluation of @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to correlate the US10 with clinical, laboratory and functional variables. METHODS: Forty-eight early @entity309 @entity1 underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations as well as blinded ultrasound (US) examinations at baseline, three, six and 12 months. The proposed US10 system involved the assessment of the wrist, second and third metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. The score consisted of @entity32 parameters (synovial proliferation [SP], power Doppler [PD] and @entity2762 [ @entity2762 ]) and joint damage parameters ( @entity79 [ @entity79 ] and @entity16 [ @entity16 ]). SP, PD, @entity79 and @entity16 were scored qualitatively (0-1) and semi-quantitatively (grades 0-3). @entity2762 was scored as presence/absence. The evaluation also involved the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and C-reactive protein level (CRP). RESULTS: Mean duration of symptoms was 7.58  3.59 months. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between @entity32 parameters and CRP at baseline and between the changes in these variables throughout the study. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between DAS28 score and both PD and @entity2762 at baseline and between the changes in DAS28 score and both SP and @entity2762 throughout the follow up. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the changes in @entity32 parameter scores and HAQ score throughout the follow up. CONCLUSION: The proposed US10 scoring system proved to be a useful tool for monitoring @entity32 and joint damage in early @entity309 @entity1 , demonstrating significant correlations with longitudinal changes in disease activity and functional status.

title: A new musculoskeletal ultrasound scoring system (US10) of the hands and wrist joints for evaluation of early @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BE', 'bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'tenosynovitis', 'Tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A case is reported of a 23 yr old pregnant @entity1 from Zaire in whom homozygous @entity3458 was discovered at her first obstetrical visit at 25 week @entity2588 . She had had two previous pregnancies: the first one had been voluntarily interrupted; the second one went to term, but the @entity1 , born in a state of apparent death, died on the third day. Despite severe normocytic @entity417 (5 mmol.l-1 haemoglobin, 2.9 T.l-1 erythrocytes, 0.25 haematocrit, 93 fl mean globular volume), she was symptomless. The diagnosis was confirmed by haemoglobin electrophoresis: 0 @entity8027 ( @entity8027 ) and 0.854 haemoglobin S (HbS). Because foetal growth and maturation appeared satisfactory, no procedure to increase the @entity8027 /HbS ratio was used before the 37th week of @entity2588 . At that time, erythrocytapheresis was carried out using a discontinuous flow cell separator. Eight phenotyped red cell packs without leukocytes (removed by filtration) were transfused; at the end of the procedure, there was 0.67 @entity8027 and 0.25 HbS. At 39 week @entity2588 , haemoglobin electrophoresis gave 0.43 @entity8027 and 0.47 HbS. No further treatment was therefore given. At the 40th week, she gave birth to a healthy @entity1 , Apgar score 10 at 1 min. She was given two further red cell packs at start of labour, because her haemoglobin level had fallen to 6.4 mmol.l-1. In the immediate postpartum, her HbS level was 0.38. The aims, advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques available for the treatment of homozygous @entity417 in pregnancy are discussed.

title: [Use of erythrocytapheresis in a pregnant XXXX with @entity3458 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'girl', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['sickle-cell anaemia', 'anaemia']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle-cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: Adult @entity1 cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by a limited combination of transcription factors. To date, most current iPSC generation protocols rely on viral vector usage in vitro, using cells removed from their physiological context. Such protocols are hindered by low derivation efficiency and risks associated with genome modifications of reprogrammed cells. Here, we reprogrammed cells in an in vivo context using non-viral somatic transgenesis in @entity1238 tadpole tail muscle, a setting that provides long term expression of non-integrated transgenes in vivo. Expression of @entity19 @entity7002 , @entity14231 , and @entity2005 (OSK) led rapidly and reliably to formation of proliferating cell clusters. These clusters displayed the principal hallmarks of pluripotency: alkaline phosphatase activity, up-regulation of key epigenetic and chromatin remodeling markers, and reexpression of endogenous pluripotent markers. Furthermore, these clusters were capable of differentiating into derivatives of the three germ layers in vitro and into neurons and muscle fibers in vivo. As in situ reprogramming occurs along with muscle tissue repair, the data provide a link between these two processes and suggest that they act synergistically. Notably, every OSK injection resulted in cluster formation. We conclude that reprogramming is achievable in an anamniote model and propose that in vivo approaches could provide rapid and efficient alternative for non-viral iPSC production. The work opens new perspectives in basic stem cell research and in the longer term prospect of regenerative medicine protocols development.

title: Non-viral expression of @entity19 @entity7002 , @entity14231 , and XXXX transcription factors efficiently reprograms tadpole muscle fibers in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity2005 :: (16600(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Klf4']


abstract: Approximately half of all asthmatics become refractory to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) with repeated challenges. Exercise refractoriness has been utilized by @entity748 athletes to reduce the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise prior to competition, and this has led to the observation that some @entity748 athletes can "run through" their @entity565 . The main aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of short high-intensity, repeated warm-ups compared with @entity3045 (a commonly used inhaled beta (2)-agonist) on the severity of EIB. Eight moderately trained (.VO(2peak), 51.9 +/- 2.3 ml . kg (-1) . min (-1)) recreational @entity748 athletes with documented EIB were tested under 4 experimental conditions: 1) control (CON) condition; 2) an interval warm-up (WU) consisting of 8 x 30-sec runs at peak treadmill speed, with 45-sec recovery between each sprint; 3) inhaling 200 microg of @entity3045 ( @entity3045 , GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K.) ( @entity11126 ); and 4) combining both the WU and @entity11126 session. All 4 experimental sessions were followed by an exercise challenge test (85-90 % predicted maximum heart rate for 8 min). Pulmonary function was measured pre-exercise and at 1, 5, 10, 15 min postexercise. The mean maximum percent fall in pre- to postexercise forced expiratory volume in 1-sec (FEV (1)) for all 8 @entity748 subjects during the EIB screening test (CON session) was - 18.25 +/- 4.01 %. The mean maximum percent decrease in postexercise FEV (1) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to only - 9.1 +/- 0.6 % following the @entity558 , which is below the EIB diagnostic threshold of a 10 % fall in postexercise FEV (1). The @entity11126 and WU + @entity11126 condition resulted in a substantial postexercise bronchodilation as shown by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the mean maximum percent change in postexercise FEV (1) following the @entity11126 (+ 8.9 +/- 6.1 %) and WU + @entity11126 (+ 15.2 +/- 4.6 %) condition. Similar changes as a result of experimental condition were observed for FEF (25-75 %). These data indicate that repeated high-intensity warm-ups can lessen the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise. In addition, combining the interval warm-up with @entity3045 prior to exercise resulted in substantial bronchodilation and conferred a greater protective effect against developing EIB than either intervention alone.

title: Comparative effects of a high-intensity interval warm-up and XXXX on the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise in @entity748 athletes.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['WU condition']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Ventolin']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 has been reported in @entity1 with @entity6 and even in @entity28 individuals with a normal metabolic profile. Sympathetic activity commonly is increased in @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 , and @entity23703 is effective in lowering BP and improving insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity23703 on @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity209 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with mild @entity101 were treated with @entity23703 and a hypocaloric diet for 3 months, while a second normotensive group (n = 26) were followed-up with calorie restriction alone. Anthropometric (body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio) and metabolic features (fasting plasma @entity413 and insulin, aminotransferases, @entity5428 transpeptidase, @entity1674 , and @entity165 levels) and @entity384 ( @entity384 ) were evaluated. Insulin resistance was calculated by using the homeostasis model assessment formula. Insulin sensitivity was calculated according to the quantitative @entity1720 check index (QUICKI). RESULTS: @entity13519 and @entity13520 (both p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.02) were higher, and QUICKI (p = 0.043) and @entity384 (p = 0.01) were lower in the @entity101 group at baseline. After 3 months, nearly all the study parameters improved in both treatment groups. The decrease in BP, increase in @entity384 , and improvements in metabolic and anthropometric parameters were significantly greater in the @entity23703 -treated group than in those treated with diet alone. CONCLUSION: @entity23703 is proposed as a valuable option for treating mild-to-moderate @entity101 in @entity28 and insulin-resistant @entity1 with @entity209 as it appears to improve @entity409 in these @entity1 .

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity409 in @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['healthy obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity23703 :: ('MESH:C043482', 'Chemical') :: ['moxonidine', 'Moxonidine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity23703 :: (MESH:C043482,Chemical) :: ['moxonidine']


abstract: The time courses of onset of the electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of @entity2643 were determined with serial electrophysiologic studies in 34 @entity1 with inducible @entity1165 . A standardized oral loading dosage was used for all @entity1 (1,200 mg/day for 14 days; 800 mg/day for 7 days; and 400 mg/day thereafter). Eleven @entity1 had the studies performed at baseline and after 2, 6, 10, and 20 weeks. Subsequently, 23 @entity1 had studies at baseline and after 2 and 10 weeks. Changes in atrial, sinus, and atrioventricular nodal properties and in conduction intervals were maximal within 2 weeks (early effects). For example, @entity2917 cycle length increased between baseline (369 +/- 80 msec) and 2 weeks (498 +/- 78 msec) (p less than 0.001) but did not change further after 10 weeks (500 +/- 89 msec). However, ventricular Class III effects required 10 weeks to become maximal (late effects). For example, the QT interval during atrial pacing increased between baseline (355 +/- 36 msec) and 2 weeks (406 +/- 37 msec) (p less than 0.001) and increased further after 10 weeks (436 +/- 45 msec) (p less than 0.001). Antiarrhythmic effects also followed different time courses of onset. Suppression of ventricular premature beats was maximal within 2 weeks. However, suppression of @entity1165 inducibility and slowing of @entity1165 rate was not maximal for 10 weeks. Correlations between serum @entity17742 concentrations and some late effects suggest that the mechanism of the time delay to maximal ventricular Class III effects may involve @entity17742 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electropharmacology of XXXX therapy initiation. Time courses of onset of electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal Wenckebach']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity17742 :: ('MESH:C036116', 'Chemical') :: ['desethylamiodarone']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: The present study is concerned with the ability of muscarinic actions of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) to modulate @entity2227 and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )-mediated synaptic transmission in the in vitro @entity35 auditory cortex. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from layer II-III pyramidal neurons, and the fast-EPSP ( @entity140 / @entity4176 ), fast-IPSP ( @entity1246 (A)), and slow-IPSP ( @entity1246 (B)), were elicited following a stimulus to deep gray/white matter. @entity2710 (MCh), a muscarinic receptor agonist, applied by either superfusion or iontophoresis, produced an @entity3897 -sensitive increase or decrease in the amplitude of the fast-EPSP. The effect of MCh could be predicted by the response of the fast-EPSP to paired-pulse stimulation (i.e. a conditioning pulse followed 300 ms later by a test pulse). The fast-EPSP was decreased in amplitude by MCh in cases where the test-EPSP was suppressed in the pre-MCh condition, and increased in amplitude when the test-EPSP was facilitated. The fast- and slow-IPSPs were always reduced by MCh. In several experiments, the strength of synaptic inhibition was systematically modified by varying stimulus intensity. When the fast-EPSP was elicited in the absence of IPSPs, it was decreased in amplitude by MCh. However, when the fast-EPSP was elicited in conjunction with large IPSPs it was increased in amplitude during MCh. Because the magnitude of the fast-EPSP is influenced by the degree of temporal overlap with IPSPs, it was hypothesized that enhancement of the fast-EPSP was the result of disinhibition produced as a consequence of muscarinic reduction of GABAergic IPSPs. This view was supported by the finding that MCh could reduce the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated GABAergic IPSPs (i.e. elicited in the absence of glutamatergic transmission). Our results suggest that ACh at muscarinic receptors can modify fast glutamatergic neurotransmission differently as a function of strength of inhibition, to suppress that produced by 'weak' inputs and enhance that produced by 'strong' inputs.

title: Muscarinic reduction of GABAergic synaptic potentials results in disinhibition of the @entity140 / XXXX -mediated EPSP in auditory cortex.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetyl-beta-methylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity1 with an uncomplicated community-acquired @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and an isolate resistant to @entity206 had worse clinical outcomes following empirical treatment with @entity206 200 mg twice daily for 3 days than did those with a susceptible isolate. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of clinical outcome. We enrolled 497 @entity1 (>or=18-70 years) presenting to general practitioner surgeries in Norwich and Gloucester with at least two symptoms of acute (<7 days) uncomplicated @entity293 . Significant @entity793 was defined as >or=10(4) cfu/mL from a mid-stream urine (MSU). RESULTS: Of enrolled @entity1 75% (334/448) had significant @entity793 , and @entity206 resistance was present in 13.9% (44/317) of isolates. @entity1 with resistant isolates had a longer median time to symptom resolution (7 versus 4 days, P=0.0002), greater reconsultation to the practice (39% versus 6% in first week, P<0.0001), more subsequent antibiotics (36% versus 4% in first week, P<0.0001) and higher rates of significant @entity793 at 1 month (42% versus 20% with susceptible isolate, P=0.04). Half of @entity1 reconsulting in the first week had a resistant organism. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity293 caused by @entity206 -resistant organisms had significantly worse clinical outcomes than those with @entity206 -susceptible organisms. Nevertheless, @entity206 resistance was rarer than predicted from routine laboratory submissions and we calculate that 23 @entity1 require microbiological investigation to prevent one reconsultation arising from resistance-based treatment failure. We therefore suggest empirical antibiotic treatment in acute, uncomplicated UTIs. If @entity1 reconsult in the first week, we suggest a change of antibiotic treatment with urine culture and susceptibility testing then done. More generally, laboratory resources should concentrate on resistance surveillance to inform empirical antibiotic choice.

title: Clinical relevance of laboratory-reported antibiotic resistance in acute uncomplicated XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity1 with @entity483 are less prone to type IV @entity566 , there has been controversy regarding the role of patch testing in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of patch testing in atopic individuals. METHODS: One-hundred @entity1 with @entity484 were patch tested using the standard patch test battery (HERMAL, Kurt Herrmann, Reinbek, West Germany) and the Finn chamber units. The total immunoglobulin class E (IgE) level was determined and correlated to the results of patch testing. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 had positive patch test reactions. Among the 87 @entity1 , 39 (44.8%) had @entity483 . The most common allergens yielding positive results were @entity9760 , 2.5%, (58.6%); @entity24234 , 0.25% (56.3%); carba mix, 3%, (44.82%); @entity406 , 1% in @entity2507 , (40.22%); @entity5154 , 20%, (33.3%); and balsam of Peru 25%, (17.24%) respectively. @entity1 with @entity483 were more frequently sensitive to @entity5154 than nonatopics. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity483 should be patch tested when indicated because they also develop contact allergic sensitization to a significant degree. Our observations indicate that patch testing with standard allergens often adds valuable information about contact sensitivity in these @entity1 .

title: Value of patch testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity9760 :: ('MESH:C029938', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity67 ( @entity67 ) is a new generation centrifugal flow VAD recently introduced in Canada. The objective of this study was to compare the @entity67 device to the @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ) axial flow device. Very few studies have compared clinical outcomes between newer generation VADs. METHODS: All perioperative and follow-up data on LVAD recipients were collected prospectively in our institutional database. Between January 2006 and April 2012, 46 consecutive @entity1 underwent implantation of either an @entity67 (n=13) or a @entity1605 (n=33) device. Pre-implant demographics, perioperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were reviewed between groups. RESULTS: Overall, the baseline characteristics, demographics, co-morbidities and laboratory values were comparable between the two groups. The majority of the @entity1 were Interagency Registry for Mechanical Assisted Circulatory Support 3-4 (92% in both groups) and most of the @entity1 were bridge to transplant (75% in @entity1605 vs. 79% in @entity67 ). Survival and the incidence of perioperative @entity548 , @entity8 , @entity409 , and @entity281 were similar between the groups. However, @entity67 devices had a significantly higher incidence of @entity360 (31% vs. 0% in @entity1605 @entity1 , p<0.01) and @entity64 (44% vs. 10% in @entity1605 @entity1 , at one year p=0.04). @entity64 were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity67 (three of the five episodes vs. one of the three episodes in @entity1605 @entity1 , p=0.06). CONCLUSION: While device complications were comparable, @entity1 with @entity67 experienced a significantly higher incidence of @entity64 and @entity360 and therefore refinement in @entity1 ' management may decrease incidence of these complications.

title: Clinical differences between continuous flow ventricular assist devices: a comparison between @entity1605 and HeartWare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['HeartMate II', 'HMII']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['HeartWare ventricular assist device', 'HVAD']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['HVAD']