abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most challenging @entity5 for the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon is represented by @entity1181 . Surgical treatment should regard just symptomatic @entity1181 , because these @entity5 can provoke rhinosinusitis and mucoceles. Recently, new instruments have been applied in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This study was designed to present our experience in the endoscopic management of @entity1181 of the paranasal sinuses. Clinical findings, preoperative imaging strategy, and surgical techniques are discussed. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of @entity1 who underwent ESS for @entity1181 between 2003 and 2010 in our institutions. RESULTS: We have treated with a transnasal endoscopic approach 29 @entity1 affected by @entity1181 (13 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; age range, 20-78 years; mean, 49.5 years). We found frontoethmoidal junction localization in 14 @entity1 , frontal sinus in 6 @entity1 , ethmoid in 6 @entity1 , sphenoid in 1 @entity1 , maxillary in 1 @entity1 , and @entity1181 in 1 @entity1 . Initially, @entity1 were treated by the cavitation technique with standard ESS instruments, whereas in more recent cases surgery was assisted by the use of ENT navigation system, curved drills, and ultrasound bone emulsifier. No major complications occurred. No radiological or endoscopic signs of recurrence (mean follow-up, 52 months; range, 6-89 months) have been observed. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic @entity1181 of the sinonasal region is feasible, taking into account the location and size of the lesion. Particular importance should be given to new instruments that have been applied in the last years in ESS.

title: Transnasal endoscopic approach to symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1181 :: ('MESH:D010016', 'Disease') :: ['removal of osteomas', 'paranasal osteomas', 'osteomas', 'sinonasal osteomas', 'multiple osteomas']

answer: @entity1181 :: (MESH:D010016,Disease) :: ['sinonasal osteomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide a description of the ambulatory use of psychotropic medications by @entity1 and adolescents in a large, geographically diverse employer-insured population. DESIGN: This retrospective observational study used administrative claims data for 1995-1999 for members under age 20 in 6 Independent Practice Association health plans affiliated with UnitedHealth Group. We calculated the prevalences of use for 4 major therapeutic drug classes: central nervous system stimulants (CNSSs), selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Changes over time by age, gender, geographic region, and prescriber specialty were analyzed across drug classes. RESULTS: The prevalence of CNSS, SSRI, and OAD use steadily increased over the 5-year period, whereas @entity2974 use decreased. The prevalence of use of the most commonly used classes, the CNSS and SSRI classes, increased from 23.8 to 30.0 per 1000 and 7.9 to 12.8, respectively. There was variability across and within geographic regions. Pediatricians were the most frequent first prescribers of CNSS, and psychiatrists were most likely to prescribe SSRIs. CONCLUSION: Acceleration of use of psychotropic medications is slower in an employer-insured national population. Since primary care physicians are frequent prescribers of psychotropics, their training and expertise are crucial.

title: Ambulatory use of psychotropics by employer-insured XXXX and adolescents in a national managed care organization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['OADs', 'other antidepressants']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Antibodies to the neutrophil CD18 integrin have been shown to ameliorate the local effects of @entity63 and reperfusion (I/R). In addition to @entity3137 , intestinal I/R results in systemic @entity551 and @entity651 with lung leukosequestration. This study tests the effect of a CD18 monoclonal antibody on the @entity551 and @entity651 after intestinal I/R. In anesthetized @entity95 , the superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 60 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Animals were treated with saline, an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody (R15.7 MAb), or nonspecific immunoglobulin G. Another non-ischemic group were sham controls. Neutrophil sequestration was assessed by measure of lung @entity23391 ( @entity23391 ) and permeability by lung-to-blood concentration ratio of 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin and wet-to-dry weight ratio. Immediately after reperfusion, mean arterial pressure fell to 49 +/- 2.1 mmHg and remained at this level. The @entity551 was unaffected by treatment with R15.7 MAb. Thirty minutes after reperfusion, the circulating white blood cell count fell to 2.91 +/- 0.53 x 10(3)/mm3 vs. sham 6.40 +/- 0.66 x 10(3)/mm3 (P < 0.05). Treatment with R15.7 MAb prevented this fall in white blood cell count (5.75 +/- 1.59 x 10(3)/mm3). At 3 h of reperfusion in saline-treated animals there was increased @entity23391 , 74.8 +/- 4.9 U/g vs. 42.0 +/- 4.8 U/g in sham animals (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A CD18 antibody prevents @entity651 but not @entity551 after XXXX -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'injury to the lungs']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['local mucosal injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['intestinal ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) as periodontal precursor cells are the natural source for cellular therapies of @entity2521 . @entity2521 is initiated after the infection of the periodontium with oral pathogens such as the Gram-negative bacteria @entity2523 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies have shown that especially @entity2523 LPS induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PDL cells and disturbs the differentiation of dental stem cells. Our study investigated the administration of LPS to @entity1358 for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated cell proliferation (WST1 assay), expression of cytokines IL1b, IL8 and IL6 (real-time RT-PCR) and the osteogenic differentiation of @entity1358 (ALP-activity and @entity622 staining) in the presence of @entity2523 LPS and @entity526 LPS. RESULTS: All tested pro-inflammatory cytokines were highly increased after @entity526 LPS treatment. @entity2523 LPS induces only the expression of IL8, but this expression was significantly lower than that after @entity526 LPS administration. The ALP activity was significantly higher in @entity1358 after the administration of @entity526 LPS than after administration of @entity2523 LPS or under normal cell differentiation conditions. However, the mineralization was inhibited with LPS from both bacterial species. CONCLUSION: LPS disturbs osteogenic differentiation in @entity1358 . Moreover, the failure of pro-inflammatory cytokines induction in @entity1358 after the administration of @entity2523 LPS differs greatly from that of PDL fibroblasts. These immunological properties of @entity1358 have to be considered for cellular therapies of @entity2521 with @entity1358 .

title: Lipopolysaccharide from @entity526 but not from XXXX induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and alkaline phosphatase in dental follicle cells.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['DFCs', 'Dental follicle cells']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the concentrations of the soluble forms of @entity2071 , @entity10985 , @entity20394 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 with @entity9144 and thick borne @entity198 before and after therapy in comparison with the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 @entity1 , 10 in each group: @entity9144 -group I (NB), @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) and in the control group (group K). The diagnosis of @entity9144 and @entity17991 based on the clinical features was confirmed by ELISA assays: @entity27921 / @entity17991 Virus test (VIRION, Germany) for @entity17991 and Borrelia IgM and IgG Recombinant (Biomedica Austria) for NB. The assays of sICAM-1, sICAM-2, sICAM-3 (ELISA, Bender Med System, USA) were performed twice in group I and II: before and after 3-4 weeks long treatment and once in control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentration of soluble forms of @entity2071 , @entity10985 , @entity20394 in CSF suggest their important role in inflammatory process of viral and bacterial origin. In NB group, the serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sICAM-2 were significantly increased before and after treatment in comparison with control as well as with the analogous test results in @entity17991 group. It may suggest NB as the part of systemic @entity32 . The CSF concentration of sICAM-2 decreases after treatment in NB group in comparison with the analogous test results of @entity17991 group. The increased CSF concentration of sICAM-2 in @entity17991 group when compared to the CSF concentration in NB group suggest slow recovery and still persisting immunological activation in this group, even when the @entity16 disappeared. Increased concentrations in CSF in both diseases indicate intrameningeal activity of lymphocytes and may be a useful marker of @entity32 .

title: [Serum and cerebrospinal concentrations of XXXX , sICAM-3 in neuroborrellosis and tick borne @entity198 --preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'tick borne encephalitis--group II']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

answer: @entity10985 :: (3384,Gene) :: ['sICAM-1 sICAM-2']


abstract: Between 1976 and 1984, fourteen @entity1 who had severe cervical @entity1513 and @entity602 were treated with anterior decompression and arthrodesis. Eight had had @entity4720 ; five, a @entity130 ; and one, a benign intradural @entity5 . In eight of the fourteen @entity1 , the severe @entity1513 and @entity602 had developed after a laminectomy of three, four, or five cervical vertebrae. The laminectomy had been done for the treatment of @entity4720 in five @entity1 , of a @entity131 in two, and of a @entity5 in one. Considering all fourteen @entity1 , an average of 2.25 vertebral bodies was removed from each, and the average extent of the subsequent fusion was 3.25 levels. Eight @entity1 (six of whom had @entity4720 ; one, a @entity131 ; and one, a @entity5 ) were treated with a fibular graft that spanned an average of 4.10 levels, and six @entity1 (four of whom had a @entity131 and two, @entity4720 ) were treated with an iliac graft that spanned an average of 2.70 levels. Of the five @entity1 who had a @entity131 , four were treated with anterior decompression and arthrodesis, combined with posterior arthrodesis that was performed during the same period of anesthesia. In three @entity1 , the anterior graft dislodged during the immediate postoperative period. Two of the three @entity1 had posterior instability due to a prior laminectomy, and in the third the graft dislodged because of technical difficulties. Two of these grafts were revised to restore stability. At the latest follow-up, twelve of the fourteen fusions were solid. In the other two @entity1 , who died six and ten months postoperatively, the fusion had been solid, as shown by radiographs, before the time of @entity204 . The average amount of correction of the @entity85 was 32 degrees, a reduction from an average of 45 degrees to an average of 13 degrees. All but one @entity1 had some recovery of neural function; nine had complete and four, partial recovery. The remaining @entity1 had relief of @entity158 , but he continued to be completely quadriplegic although he had some sensory sparing. Of the four @entity1 who had been unable to walk preoperatively, three were able to walk postoperatively. No @entity1 lost neural function after the anterior decompression and arthrodesis. We concluded that, in the presence of severe cervical @entity1513 and @entity602 , adequate anterior decompression of the spinal cord, correction of the @entity1513 , and anterior arthrodesis using a strut graft can yield excellent results without undue risk.

title: Cervical XXXX and @entity602 . Treatment by anterior corpectomy and strut-grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformities']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: Purpose. To study and follow-up @entity3641 , @entity10400 , and topographagnosia in a @entity1 who suffered a @entity64 of the posterior cerebral arteries. Methods. Ophthalmological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological examinations were conducted over a span of 3 years to assess the amount of @entity75 and look for signs of functional recovery. Results. After the onset of @entity3641 , perception of the color green re-appeared first, followed by red, yellow, and brown. Blue which had appeared entirely black was last to return. While reading and color naming have largely recovered, color discrimination after three years remains poor especially in dim lighting. Similarly, with @entity10400 , while the @entity1 has learn to identify @entity1 (including photographs) by individual features, his ability to perceive and recognize faces and facial expressions holistically remains severely impaired. Recognition of streets, houses, and topographical layouts also continues to be affected, while the perception of speed and distance has somewhat improved. Perimetry further suggests a mild improvement of the superior @entity1805 in his visual fields. Conclusions. Although @entity51 in color, face and place perception remain, some functions impaired by the @entity64 have returned par-alleling a partial recovery from the @entity75 as demonstrated by NMR.

title: XXXX , faces and locations: Partial recovery after three years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'bilateral stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['major deficits']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['achromatopsia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke-blind for colors']


abstract: Loose ligation of a @entity35 sciatic nerve (chronic @entity130 (CCI) model) provokes signs and symptoms like those observed in @entity6865 ( @entity6865 ) @entity1 . Primary afferent nociceptive C-fibers seem to be involved in an afferent orthodromic as well as in an efferent antidromic manner. In this study we hypothesize that consequent to development of antidromic impulses in C-nociceptive afferents, neuropeptides released from peripheral endings of these fibers, increase skin blood flow (SBF), vascular permeability, and tissue accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Collectively, these phenomena have been referred to as @entity13624 . To investigate the presence of @entity13624 in the CCI-model, we assessed skin blood flow (SBF) as well as the level of @entity4 and accumulation of PMNs in muscle tissue obtained from the affected hindpaw. SBF was measured, by means of laser Doppler flowmetry, before ligation as well as at day 4 after ligation. At day 4, SBF measurements were performed before and after abolition of the capability of C-fibers to mediate a vasodilator response. To this end, @entity2951 was applied perineurally. Increased vascular permeability was inferred from the level of @entity4 of muscle tissue as determined by assessment of wet/dry weight ratios of muscle biopsies. PMN accumulation was investigated by enzymatic detection of @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) activity in muscle biopsies. Compared with preligation values, at day 4 SBF was increased more than twofold (p < 0.05). The latter response was annihilated by @entity2951 application. Compared with sham operated controls, wet/dry ratios were higher in the ligated animals (1.104 vs. 1.068; p < 0.05). Likewise, when compared with sham operated controls, @entity3335 activity was found to be increased in the ligated hindpaw (Optic Density 0.15 vs. 0.89; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that loose ligation of a sciatic nerve induces an inflammatory response in the ipsilateral hindpaw, which most likely is mediated by release of neuropeptides from the peripheral endings of antidromically acting nociceptive C-fibres.

title: XXXX in an animal model of neuropathic pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy', 'RSD']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity13624 :: (MESH:D020078,Disease) :: ['Neurogenic inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to develop a model to predict the probability of reduced renal function after outpatient contrast-enhanced CT (CECT)--based on @entity1 age, sex, and race and on serum @entity1011 level before CT or directly based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before CT--and to determine the relationship between @entity1 with changes in @entity1011 level that characterize contrast-induced @entity8 and @entity1 with reduced GFR after CECT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 5,187 outpatients who underwent CECT, 963 (18.6%) had serum @entity1011 levels obtained within 6 months before and 4 days after CECT. The estimated GFR was calculated before and after CT using the four-variable @entity8 ( @entity8 ) Study equation. Pre-CT serum @entity1011 level, age, race, sex, and pre-CT estimated GFR were tested using multiple-variable logistic regression models to determine the probability of having an estimated GFR of < 60 and < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) after CECT. Two thirds of the @entity1 were used to create and one third to test the models. We also determined discordance between @entity1 who met standard definitions of contrast-induced @entity8 and those with a reduced estimated GFR after CECT. RESULTS: Significant (p < 0.002) predictors for a post-CT estimated GFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were age, race, sex, pre-CT serum @entity1011 level, and pre-CT estimated GFR. Sex, serum @entity1011 level, and pre-CT estimated GFR were significant factors (p < 0.001) for predicting a post-CT estimated GFR of < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The probability is [exp(y) / (1 + exp(y))], where y = 6.21 - (0.10 x pre-CT estimated GFR) for an estimated GFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and y = 3.66 - (0.087 x pre-CT estimated GFR) for an estimated GFR of < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2). A discrepancy between those who met contrast-induced @entity8 criteria by @entity1011 changes and those with a post-CT estimated GFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was detected in 208 of the 963 @entity1 (21.6%). CONCLUSION: The probability of a reduced estimated GFR after CECT can be predicted by the pre-CT estimated GFR using the four-variable @entity8 equation. Furthermore, standard criteria for contrast-induced @entity8 are poor predictors of poor renal function after CECT. Criteria need to be established for what is an acceptable risk to manage @entity1 undergoing CECT.

title: Probability of reduced renal function after contrast-enhanced CT: a model based on serum @entity1011 level, XXXX age, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is very little experience regarding recurrences following videothoracoscopic (VATS) treatment of @entity5229 . We report our experience with 19 @entity1 who underwent redo-VATS to evaluate the feasibility of such surgical approach. METHODS: From July 1, 1992 to September 1, 2000, out of 2136 VATS procedures performed at our institution, 597 @entity1 (27.94%) underwent VATS treatment of @entity5229 with a recurrence rate of 3.85% (23 cases). Primary VATS treatment in these @entity1 was: talc poudrage, three cases; subtotal pleurectomy, three cases; ligation of the bullae + subtotal pleurectomy, 12 cases; stapling of the bullae + subtotal pleurectomy, two cases; ligation of the bullae + talc poudrage, one case; stapling of the bullae + talc poudrage, one case. Treatment of the 23 recurrences included: 15 redo-VATS, four standard thoracotomy, three @entity456 , one bed rest. Four additional redo-VATS were also performed in four @entity1 operated on in different institutions. Redo-VATS showed residual bullae in nine cases and a minimal leaking area in one @entity1 ; in the remaining nine @entity1 no lesion was found. Redo-VATS treatment was: stapling of the bullae + talc poudrage in nine @entity1 ; suture of the leaking area with a no-knife stapler + talc poudrage in one @entity1 ; isolated talc poudrage in the remaining nine @entity1 with no-evidence of bullae or @entity4530 . RESULTS: No mortality was reported; no major complications occurred. The conversion rate in the group of redo-VATS was 5.2% (one @entity1 ). At a mean follow-up of 32 months no @entity1 showed recurrent pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of our initial experience, redo-VATS seems to be a promising tool for the surgical therapy of recurrences following VATS treatment of @entity5229 .

title: Recurrences following videothoracoscopic treatment of XXXX : the role of redo-videothoracoscopy.

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: Aspergillus is a genus of fungi commonly found in all environments. Remarkably, only a few species cause disease and equally remarkably, those same species cause @entity66 . In the lung, exposure to the fungus, the immunological status of the individual and the condition of the lung determine the pattern of disease. In @entity748 @entity1 and those with @entity1577 , @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) is a complication that reduces pulmonary function and, in asthmatics, is substantially improved by @entity2059 therapy. @entity1 with pre-existing lung cavities develop aspergillomas (fungal masses inside the cavity). Aspergillomas carry a 40% 5 years survival, and it not clear whether antifungal therapy is helpful. Similar in presentation to aspergilloma is chronic @entity39 @entity57 (CNPA). Development of new or expansion of existing @entity358 with surrounding paracavitary shadowing is the hallmark of CNPA These two entities are probably a continuum of the same pathological process. @entity1 with CNPA respond to systemic antifungal therapy, but this may need to be lifelong. Surgery is appropriate for @entity3491 , but not pleural or multicavity lesions. @entity3509 is a complication of aspergilloma and CNPA, or surgery for these diseases and is slow to respond to treatment.

title: Chronic forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated aspergillomas']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus empyema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cavities']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: @entity935 is widely used to increase blood pressure, cardiac output, urine output, and peripheral perfusion in neonates, @entity1 , and older @entity1 with shock and @entity712 . Its pharmacologic effects are dose dependent, and at low, intermediate, and high dosages include dilation of renal, mesenteric, and cerebral vasculature; inotropic response in the myocardium; and increases in peripheral and renal vascular resistance, respectively. The inotropic response is diminished in neonates compared with older @entity1 and adults due to maturational differences in @entity1063 stores. The clearance of @entity935 varies widely in the pediatric population, depending on age. Its elimination half-life is approximately 2 minutes in full-term neonates and older @entity1 , and may be as long as 4-5 minutes in preterm @entity1 . Due to immaturity of the autonomic nervous system, the drug may produce some adverse respiratory responses at high dose in neonates, the most common being @entity591 and @entity943 . @entity452 resembles @entity935 chemically and is an analog of @entity3044 . It is relatively cardioselective at dosages used in clinical practice, with its main action being on beta 1-adrenergic receptors. Unlike @entity935 , it does not have any effect on specific dopaminergic receptors. @entity452 is used to increase cardiac output in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1457 . Its elimination half-life is about 2 minutes in adults and older @entity1 . No information is available about its pharmacokinetics in neonates and @entity1 . Adverse effects such as an increase in heart rate usually occur at high dosages.

title: XXXX and @entity452 in pediatric therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical and retrobulbar anesthesia for phacotrabeculectomy. SETTING: Hospital Ram  n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 60 @entity1 (60 eyes) having phacotrabeculectomy surgery. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups receiving topical anesthesia plus intracameral @entity3303 1% or retrobulbar anesthesia. @entity1 were asked to document the discomfort they experienced during the administration of the anesthetic agent, during surgery, and postoperatively using a numeric @entity158 scale. Complications and surgical conditions were also evaluated. RESULTS: The retrobulbar group reported significantly more discomfort during administration of the anesthetic agent than the topical group (P < .001). The topical group reported significantly more discomfort intraoperatively (P < .01). Eyelid squeezing and eyeball movement were more common in the topical group; however, neither was a problem to the surgeon. There was no difference in surgical conditions (P = .38) or the @entity282 scores between the 2 groups (P = .06). One @entity1 receiving topical anesthesia developed a @entity548 intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Topical anesthesia supplemented with intracameral @entity3303 was an effective alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia for phacotrabeculectomy. Although the degree of @entity1 discomfort was significantly higher during surgery under topical anesthesia, the method avoids the @entity158 and complications associated with a retrobulbar injection.

title: Topical plus intracameral XXXX versus retrobulbar anesthesia in phacotrabeculectomy: prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['suprachoroidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: This study focused on the impact of post-operative @entity281 on @entity1 outcome after resection with curative intent for @entity14 . Postoperative surgical and medical complications have been implicated as a negative predictor of long-term outcome in various @entity5 . We studied a population of 1083 @entity1 who underwent resection with curative intent for @entity14 . These @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence (65 @entity1 , 6%) or absence (1018 @entity1 , 94%) of @entity260 due to @entity281 . We investigated the demographic and clinicopathological features of each @entity1 with and without @entity260 , as well as the impact of @entity86 on long-term survival. Results showed that @entity1 with @entity260 had @entity6 more frequently and also had urgent surgery compared to those without infectious complications. In addition, @entity1 with @entity260 had a significantly more unfavorable outcome compared with those without @entity86 in @entity5 -specific, but not overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, @entity5 and @entity5 stage correlated with overall survival, but not @entity260 . However, @entity86 , as well as gender, were associated with the length of time until the @entity1 succumbed from the recurrence of @entity14 after resection for curative intent. Thus, @entity260 are predictors of adverse clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity14 . However, further immunological study is necessary to confirm the biological significance of these findings.

title: XXXX are associated with adverse outcome after resection with curative intent for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative infections']


abstract: The aim of the present report was to study the effect of @entity63 -reperfusion on the endothelial cell function of coronary vessels. Twelve adult male @entity235 were instrumented for the measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressures, heart rate and coronary blood flow. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion. @entity934 was infused into the coronary artery at a rate of 15 micrograms/kg/min. Coronary flow, heart rate and aortic and left ventricular pressures were registered during the pre-occlusion period and after 20 minutes of reperfusion under basal conditions, as well as during @entity934 administration. These same parameters were also measured during reactive @entity450 following vessel deocclusion. @entity934 produced a 155% increasing coronary flow during the pre-occlusion period (p < 0.05). In the reperfusion period, no statistically significant difference was observed between the flows in the presence and absence of this substance, nor were there any differences in the other @entity65 monitored. Triphenyltetrazolium staining confirmed @entity583 in all the hearts examined. The authors conclude that reperfusion following @entity583 prevents the increasing in coronary flow in response to @entity934 as a result of @entity409 in the resistance coronary vessels.

title: Endothelium-dependent coronary flow in XXXX reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of frequently occurring slight variations in the ST segment for @entity65 in healthy subjects. DESIGN: Follow up study of mortality in relation to variations in ST segment level in a cohort over the 28 years from 1953 to 1981. A case-cohort sampling design was applied to limit the number of electrocardiograms that had to be coded by hand. SETTING: General health examination carried out in 1953 of civil servants in Amsterdam and assessment of subsequent mortality. SUBJECTS: Apparently healthy civil servants aged 40 to 65 years: 1583 @entity1 and 1508 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk of variations in ST segment level for mortality from all causes, @entity65 , and @entity301 . RESULTS: In @entity1 the multivariate relative risks of 15 year mortality from @entity65 and @entity301 of slight ST elevation at 80 ms past the J point (compared with isoelectric ST segment) were 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 0.9) and 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8), respectively. As expected, @entity308 (greater than 0.25 mm) was associated with increased risk: 1.9 (1.1 to 3.0) and 2.2 (1.2 to 3.9), respectively. In @entity1 associations were weaker. The full 28 year period showed a similar pattern of somewhat weaker associations for @entity1 ; among @entity1 , however, no predictive value was apparent. CONCLUSION: These results are empirical evidence for the intuitive opinion among doctors that a curved, upward sloping ST segment, resulting in slight ST elevation at 80 ms, indicates low risk compared with the isoelectric flat, stretched ST segment.

title: Well shaped ST segment and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: @entity3899 lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize @entity1426 to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in @entity32 . We investigated associations between @entity14 risk and polymorphisms in @entity1437 , @entity1912 , @entity10327 , and @entity13695 , and their interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We genotyped fifty tagSNPs, one candidate SNP, and two functional promoter variable @entity377 tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in three US population-based case-control studies of @entity694 (1,424 cases/1,780 controls), @entity5 (583 cases/775 controls), and @entity2513 (485 cases/578 controls). Individuals with variant genotypes of the @entity1437 VNTR had a decreased risk of @entity5 , with the strongest association seen for individuals with one or more alleles of >5 repeats (wild type = 5, OR>5/>= 5 = 0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.92; P = 0.01). Four SNPs in @entity1912 ( @entity51695 ), @entity10327 ( @entity51696 ), and @entity13695 ( @entity51697 and @entity51698 ) were associated with @entity5 risk at P  <= 0.05. One SNP in @entity1912 ( @entity51699 ) was associated with @entity652 risk. A false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to account for false positives due to multiple testing; the @entity13695 associations were noteworthy at 25% FDR. @entity14 risk appeared to be modified by NSAID use in individuals with variant alleles in @entity1912 and @entity13695 . One noteworthy interaction (25% FDR) was observed for @entity5 . Genetic variability in ALOXs may affect risk of @entity14 , particularly for @entity5 . Additionally, genetic variability in @entity1912 and @entity13695 may modify the protective effect of NSAID use against @entity14 .

title: Genetic variation in the lipoxygenase pathway and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'Colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document findings in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity697 that spontaneously resolved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 1989 through December 1995, nine @entity1 were seen with a diagnosis of @entity697 that did not necessitate immediate surgery. Clinical, ultrasound (US), and pathologic findings were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Four of the nine @entity1 underwent elective appendectomy 15-84 days (mean, 52 days) after initial presentation, and five did not undergo surgery. Seven @entity1 experienced spontaneous @entity158 relief before admission to the hospital, and two improved within a few hours of being admitted. No @entity1 had an indication of peritoneal irritation at physical examination. Four @entity1 had a normal white blood cell count, and five had @entity491 . Maximum appendiceal diameter was 9-12 mm. Five @entity1 had inflamed periappendiceal fat. No @entity1 had @entity733 or appendicolithiasis shown at US. A normal appendix was identified at follow-up (mean, 40 months; range, 1-60 months) in four of five @entity1 who did not undergo elective appendectomy. Two @entity1 experienced recurrent bouts of @entity158 , and one of these @entity1 underwent appendectomy before the planned elective procedure. CONCLUSION: On the basis of clinical, US, and pathologic findings, mild @entity697 spontaneously resolved in a subgroup of @entity1 .

title: Spontaneously resolving XXXX : clinical and sonographic documentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: Lymphocyte activation requires signal transduction mediated by reversible phosphorylation. Changing profiles of phosphorylated intermediates relate to the progressive series of transduction pathways in cells moving from G0 to G1, and thereafter through the cell cycle. We have previously shown that transient inhibition of the @entity563 / @entity1889 protein phosphatases @entity13977 and @entity4333 by @entity18398 enhances early mitogenic stimulation. Thus target proteins of @entity13977 / @entity4333 may be involved in regulation of early mitogenic signalling, with the phosphorylated form(s) being associated with signal enhancement. Later, pathways require dephosphorylation of these proteins, since continuous treatment with @entity18398 blocks lymphocyte progression through the cell cycle. Delayed addition of @entity18398 showed that this blockade occurs between 8 and 24 hr. Here we have furthered these observations to the level of gene induction by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for the following proteins: @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) and @entity2902 ; @entity876 , a @entity5 suppressor protein; the transcription factor @entity5738 ; and two mediators of protein folding, namely cyclophilin and the heat-shock protein @entity9487 . An external standard was used to quantitate the mRNA levels per cell. We found that 24 hr exposure to @entity18398 has a general suppressive effect on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated gene induction. However, at 4 hr @entity18398 enhanced @entity1199 mRNA levels induced by Con A. Moreover, in unstimulated lymphocytes, @entity18398 caused the induction of @entity5738 , indicating a role for @entity13977 and @entity4333 in the regulation of this gene in resting cells.

title: Inhibition of the @entity563 / XXXX protein phosphatases @entity13977 and @entity4333 in lymphocytes: effect on mRNA levels for @entity1199 , @entity2902 , @entity5738 , @entity876 , @entity9487 and cyclophilin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The histopathologic effects of the intrathecal injection of @entity5935 ( @entity5935 Chronodose; Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey) were assessed after the injection of various volumes of the preparation in 20 @entity742 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of @entity5935 Chronodose injected into the intrathecal space. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The safety and efficacy of epidural @entity134 have received considerable attention in the medical literature in recent years. In Australia, reports of possible adverse effects of @entity8745 ( @entity1667 ), including the complication of @entity2443 , have been followed by statements from the manufacturers of commonly used @entity134 preparations recommending they should not be administered epidurally. Previous evidence suggests that @entity2443 does not result from epidural administration of @entity230 , but may develop from the intrathecal administration of @entity8745 . There are no reports concerning the safety of @entity33672 ( @entity5935 ). METHODS: Twenty-three adult merino @entity742 had lumbar punctures performed at the L6-S1 level, and different volumes of @entity5935 Chronodose or normal saline were injected into the subarachnoid space. The animals were killed after 6 weeks, and the spinal cord, meninges, and nerve roots of the lumbar spine were examined for evidence of pathologic changes. RESULTS: There were no abnormalities demonstrated in three @entity742 injected with up to 18 ml of normal saline solution. Eleven @entity742 injected with 1 ml (5.7 mg) of @entity5935 Chronodose even when repeated at weekly intervals (five @entity742 , three injections) did not demonstrate pathologic changes. One of six @entity742 injected with 2 ml of @entity5935 Chronodose and all of three @entity742 injected with greater volumes showed histopathologic changes of @entity2443 . CONCLUSIONS: Given that the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the @entity742 is approximately one third of that in @entity1 , this study suggests that small volumes (up to 2 ml) of @entity5935 Chronodose injected intrathecally in @entity1 are unlikely to cause @entity2443 , but that the risk of this complication increases substantially with higher doses.

title: The pathologic effects of intrathecal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone', 'Celestone', 'beta-methasone']

entities_list: @entity33672 :: ('MESH:C018230', 'Chemical') :: ['Celestone Chronodose']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['Depo-Medrol']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: 205 postmenopausal @entity1 , who received 0.625mg of conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CEE) daily for 2-12 years, were evaluated by endometrial histopathology in three treatment schedules. Group I received CEE for 3 weeks followed by a pause for 1 week in each course. Group II took @entity8098 , 10mg daily for 1 week, between CEE and the one week pause. Group III received CEE on calendar days 1 to 21 and @entity8098 , 10mg daily, together from day 15 to day 21, and no drug from day 22 every month. The endometrial biopsy was done before and 3 months after the start of the treatment, and every twelve months thereafter. In Group I (73 cases, 4,327 courses), 2 @entity1373 and 8 @entity1412 , and in Group II (70 cases, 3,936 courses), 2 @entity1373 , 14 @entity1412 , and 2 atypical @entity1373 were developed. In contrast, in Group III (62 cases, 2,765 courses), only 2 @entity1412 appeared. Accordingly the incidence of @entity1869 was 1 for 433, 219, and 1,383 courses respectively. These @entity1373 rapidly disappeared after the cessation of @entity172 administration. No @entity1204 were detected throughout the treatment. From these results the treatment schedule for Group III was judged to be superior to the others.

title: [Studies on @entity172 replacement therapy with conjugated XXXX by histological evaluation of the endometrium of 205 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'cystic hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasias']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: Between 1985 and 1990, 20 @entity1 with stage 2 and 3 @entity418 without esophagopulmonary fistulas were treated with alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1499 , and @entity6030 ). @entity1 given the combined therapy received courses of chemotherapy during weeks 1 and 6 and radiotherapy during weeks 2-5 and 7-9. Chemotherapy consisted of i.v. @entity900 (80 mg/ m2 of body surface area) on day 1, i.v. @entity1499 (40 mg/ m2) on day 2, and s.c. @entity6030 (10 mg/day) continuously from day 2 to day 5. Radiotherapy was external irradiation with or without intracavitary irradiation. In seven cases, external irradiation alone was administered at 65-70 Gy, and in 13 cases, external irradiation (50-55 Gy) was combined with intracavitary irradiation (14-20 Gy). At the end of treatment, the rate of complete response was 60% with an overall response rate of 95%. Five-year total survival was 25%; cause-specific survival was 36.8%. The most common acute @entity137 were @entity236 , @entity55 , and @entity2910 . There was no life-threatening @entity137 .

title: Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1499 , and XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression, hepatic and renal damage']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['peplomycin']

answer: @entity6030 :: (MESH:D017663,Chemical) :: ['peplomycin']


abstract: @entity420 of the breast is a rare, but distinct, well-differentiated histologic subtype of @entity189 , known for its favorable prognosis. Review of the literature reveals controversy relative to the frequency of @entity420 , the mammographic appearance, the incidence of lymph node @entity3 , and the need for axillary node dissection. In consideration of these variables and because of the concern that this type of @entity0 was being surgically over-treated, this review was undertaken. Through the use of our @entity5 registry, a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity0 was carried out from January 1984 to September 1995. Of 1483 total cases of invasive @entity0 , 22 (1.5%) had a diagnosis of pure @entity420 (> 90% tubular component). The mean age was 58 years (range, 37-80). In 14 @entity1 , the lesion was detected solely by mammography with a mean size of 1.0 cm (range, 0.5-1.5 cm). The mean pathologic @entity5 size was 1.2 cm (range, 0.5-2.9 cm). The mean number of nodes, in 22 axillary specimens, was 19 (range, 8-30). In one @entity1 , there was lymph node @entity3 to a single node (4.5% incidence), which demonstrated tubular characteristics. Presently, 18 of the @entity1 are alive and disease free, with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years (range, 4 months to 9 years). Our study confirms the low incidence of pure @entity420 , 1.5 per cent, with the lesions being small, 1.2 cm in mean size. The mammographic lesions had no unique features that would distinguish tubular from other invasive @entity189 . With the small @entity5 size and the overall excellent prognosis, these @entity1 are ideal candidates for breast preservation. Most importantly, the review did demonstrate that even in pure @entity0 , lymph node @entity3 , though rare, can occur.

title: XXXX of the breast: an institutional review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'tubular breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular carcinoma', 'tubular carcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Tubular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant antidepressant therapy for @entity1 who do not respond to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be appropriate under close medical supervision. However, little is known about the prevalence or patterns of concurrent antidepressant therapy in a typical large health maintenance organization. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of concomitant SSRI-antidepressant therapy and to assess the relationship between concomitant SSRI therapy, @entity1 demographic characteristics, and the use of multiple prescribers and pharmacies. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of administrative prescription and medical claims data from January 1998 through September 1999. Data were obtained on beneficiaries who had >15 prescriptions dispensed in either of the first 2 quarters of 1999 and/or @entity1 who accrued > 1,000 in prescription costs in either or both of the quarters. @entity1 were defined as undergoing concomitant SSRI therapy if they had received > or = 14 days of concomitant treatment with 2 SSRIs, an SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant, an SSRI and @entity1245 , or an SSRI and miscellaneous antidepressant. Contingency analysis and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with concomitant SSRI therapy. RESULTS: The relative risk for concomitant SSRI-SSRI therapy for @entity1 with multiple prescribers versus a single prescriber was 2.32; the relative risk for @entity1 receiving prescriptions from multiple pharmacies versus a single pharmacy was 2.97. Female @entity1 were 19.8% more likely than male @entity1 to receive concomitant SSRI therapy. Use of multiple prescribers increased the odds for concomitant SSRI therapy by >3.0 across the 4 therapeutic combinations. Use of multiple pharmacies increased the odds for concomitant SSRI-SSRI therapy by 5.42. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of concomitant SSRI therapy was strongly associated with changes in strength of dosage and products and with use of multiple prescribers and pharmacies.

title: Prevalence and patterns of concomitant use of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants in a high-cost polypharmacy cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity16488 ( @entity1358 ), unlike @entity420 ( @entity420 ) of the ovary, are often at stage I, are resistant to @entity902 -based drugs and have a poor prognosis. The causes of these differences are unclear. In this study, the differences in progression between @entity1358 and @entity420 were examined in terms of apoptosis-related and @entity5 invasion-related factors. The 16 cases of @entity1358 and the 16 cases of @entity420 were reviewed. Excised tissues were classified into primary or metastatic loci, and the expressions of survivin, @entity588 and @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) in each locus immunohistochemically assayed. Whether the expression of each protein was correlated to prognosis was investigated and additionally the invasion ability of cell strains established from @entity1358 and @entity420 were examined using in vitro invasion assay. @entity1358 at stage I showed significantly higher survivin expression than @entity420 (p<0.05). In @entity1358 , survivin tended to be expressed higher in primary locus than in metastatic locus (p=0.068), however, @entity588 was expressed relatively higher in the latter (p=0.087). @entity420 did not have these tendencies. While @entity1476 was expressed significantly higher in @entity420 than in @entity1358 (p<0.05), and more so in metastatic locus than in primary locus of @entity420 (p<0.05). Invasion assay showed that the invasion of cells derived from @entity420 was significantly inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2, an MMP inhibitor. The disease-free interval was significantly shorter when survivin expression was observed in the nucleus. These results suggest that the expression of apoptosis inhibiting factors and enhanced invasion ability affect progression of @entity1358 and @entity420 , respectively.

title: Survivin, XXXX and @entity1476 enhance progression of clear cell- and serous-type ovarian carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'serous adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: Comparative analyses were made between plasmid pSa17, a deletion derivative of pSa that is capable of replicating efficiently in @entity526 and plasmid pSa3, a derivative that is defective for replication. By comparing the restriction maps of these two derivatives, the regions essential for replication and for stable maintenance of the plasmid were determined. A 2.5 kb DNA segment bearing the origin of DNA replication of pSa17 was sequenced. A 36 kDa @entity55600 protein was encoded in the region essential for replication. Downstream of the @entity55600 coding region was a characteristic sequence including six 17 bp direct repeats, the possible binding sites of @entity55600 protein, followed by @entity1129 -rich and GC-rich sequences. Furthermore, an 8 bp incomplete copy of the 17 bp repeat was found in the promoter region of the @entity55600 gene. Based on the hypothesis that @entity55600 protein binds to this partial sequence as well as to intact 17 bp sequences, an autoregulatory system for the synthesis of @entity55600 protein may be operative. Another open reading frame (ORF) was found in the region required for the stability of the plasmid. The putative protein encoded in this ORF showed significant homology to several site-specific recombination proteins. A possible role of this putative protein in stable maintenance of the plasmid is discussed.

title: The region essential for efficient autonomous replication of pSa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, we attempted to identify factors associated with blood product use and determine the association of transfusion quantity with @entity86 . STUDY DESIGN: We studied total perioperative transfusion of blood products for 15,592 cardiovascular operations performed from July 1998 to May 2003. Infection end points were @entity295 / @entity2259 (n=351, 2.2%) and superficial (n=353, 2.3%) and deep (n=212, 1.4%) sternal wound infections. Factors associated with blood product administration were used to form balancing scores to adjust for differences in @entity1 characteristics among those receiving and not receiving blood products. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of @entity1 received packed red blood cells (RBC), 21% received platelets, 13% got fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 3% got cryoprecipitate. Factors associated with RBC use included older age, female gender, higher New York Heart Association class, lower hematocrit, reoperation, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time--all indicative of higher-risk @entity1 . The more RBC units transfused, the higher was the occurrence of @entity295 / @entity2259 (p < 0.0001) and superficial (p=0.0007) and @entity2737 . Use of FFP ( @entity295 / @entity2259 ) and platelets ( @entity295 / @entity2259 and @entity2737 ) mitigated against this association only slightly. CONCLUSIONS: Blood products tended to be used in the sickest @entity1 . But after accounting for this, risk of @entity281 increased incrementally with each unit of blood transfused. Although cause and effect cannot be established, results suggested that blood product transfusion is an independent risk factor for @entity86 in cardiac surgical @entity1 , blood products are more likely to be used in the sickest @entity1 , and no amount of @entity190 treated by transfusion is innocuous.

title: Transfusion increases the risk of XXXX after cardiovascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep (p < 0.0001) sternal wound infection', 'deep sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern and strength of seasonal fluctuations in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits due to @entity565 , by month and day of the week, by the @entity1 's age, gender, and severity of @entity565 attack. METHODS: Time series analysis of @entity341 visits was conducted among @entity1 with @entity565 aged from 18 to 55 years who visited Ontario EDs between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2004. Autoregressive regression models with months and days of the week as predictors were fitted for (1) all @entity1 ; (2) females and males separately; (3) each combination of gender and age group, and (4) each combination of gender and level of severity. The strength of seasonality in each group of @entity1 was estimated from the R2-statistic derived from autoregression models. RESULTS: For all @entity1 groups, the highest number of @entity341 visits occurred in October and December, and on Sundays and Mondays. Month of January and Fridays were associated with a decreased number of visits. The strength of seasonality was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 (R2 = 0.52), was the highest in young @entity1 and decreased with age, in @entity1 more rapidly than in @entity1 . Severe cases of @entity565 attacks exhibited weaker seasonality (R2 = 0.30) compared to mild (R2 = 0.45) or moderate (R2 = 0.53) cases. CONCLUSION: The strength of seasonal patterns of @entity341 is influenced by age and the severity of attack, and to a lesser extent, gender. Understanding the significance of seasonal precipitants of @entity565 in different @entity1 subgroups could lead to better management strategies.

title: Effect of gender, age, and severity of @entity565 attack on patterns of @entity341 visits due to XXXX by month and day of the week.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED', 'asthma ED visits']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Chromosomal deletions at 6p25-p24 are rare findings in @entity1 with @entity245 . There is limited information about the adult phenotype. We present a 36-year-old @entity1 with @entity161 , mild @entity1032 , progressive @entity393 , and characteristic facial features. Ocular (Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly) abnormalities were diagnosed in infancy; vision, however, has remained unimpaired. There were no other major @entity154 . Brain imaging showed only minor changes. There was no family history of @entity51 or @entity716 . Karyotyping revealed a 6p25 deletion, and detailed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses using 23 probes confirmed a 6.7 Mb 6p25-pter deletion. The breakpoint is near a possible 6p25-p24 locus for @entity161 . @entity716 may be part of the @entity16 and long-term outcome of @entity1 with 6p terminal deletions. Other similarly affected @entity1 likely remain to be diagnosed in adult populations of @entity161 and/or @entity1032 .

title: XXXX in an adult with 6p25 deletion syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'Psychotic illness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing deficits']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 underwent attempted closed or limited open reduction of displaced @entity174 . If reduction was successful, the @entity174 were stabilized with percutaneous screws. Group 1 was composed of elderly @entity1 with complex @entity174 and radiographic findings that were felt to be predictive of post-traumatic @entity625 . In these @entity1 , percutaneous screw fixation was used to improve fracture anatomy, allow mobilization and total hip replacement later, if necessary. In group 1, anatomical reduction was not felt to be a necessity. Group 2 was composed of young @entity1 with simple fracture types. For group 2, anatomical reduction was the goal. In 23/24 @entity1 , closed or limited open reduction was successful. In group 1, maximum displacement averaged 10 mm preoperatively, 3 mm postoperatively. In group 2, maximum displacement averaged 7 mm preoperatively, 1 mm postoperatively. One elderly @entity1 was lost to follow-up and one died, leaving 21 @entity1 with an average follow-up of 12 months. All the @entity174 healed. One @entity1 had a transient @entity2096 , and two elderly @entity1 had minor losses of reduction due to unprotected ambulation after surgery. Five of the elderly @entity1 have gone on to total hip arthroplasty. The average Harris Hip scores in groups 1 and 2 were 85 and 96, respectively.

title: Preliminary results and complications following limited open reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of displaced XXXX of the acetabulum.

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor marker-producing germ cell @entity5 of the central nervous system are malignant and require radiation and/or chemotherapy. Although serum beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used to monitor the course of treatment, the levels of beta-hCG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not been measured routinely in the clinic. To determine whether they can be used to evaluate parameters of @entity5 status, such as progression or response to therapy, levels of beta-hCG in the serum and CSF of @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 were studied. METHODS: Fifty-four paired samples of CSF and serum were taken from seven @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 and their beta-hCG levels were measured. Beta-hCG was negative in both serum and CSF in 11 instances and the levels in the other 43 paired samples were analyzed for any correlation or relationship to therapy. They were also compared with the clinical courses. RESULTS: The mean CSF beta-hCG level was 11.5 mIU/ml, which was significantly higher than the level in serum (3.5, p = 0.002). In all the paired samples except for one time point, the level in CSF was higher than that in serum. Out of 43 instances where the beta-hCG level in CSF was elevated, the level in serum was elevated in only 16 (37.2%). Among cases of recurrent @entity2971 , there were nine instances of recurrence or progression despite therapy. In all five instances where beta-hCG CSF levels were measured, the levels were elevated prior to any increase or detectability of the serum values. CONCLUSION: It seems likely that the level of beta-hCG in CSF is a good marker for monitoring @entity5 recurrence or evaluation of treatment results.

title: Levels of beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin in cerebrospinal fluid of @entity1 with XXXX can be used to detect early recurrence and monitor the response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']


abstract: Every year in France, about 100 @entity1 , most of them less than 3 years old, have typical @entity294 -associated @entity11849 (D + @entity11849 ). Evidence of exposure to verotoxin producing @entity526 (VTEC), mostly the O157: H7 serotype, is demonstrated in about 85% of cases. A prodromal illness of @entity697 with @entity294 , often bloody, precedes the @entity11849 by 1 to 15 days. @entity11849 onset is sudden, with the typical association of @entity5714 with fragmented red blood cells, @entity882 and @entity810 . Involvement of other organs than the kidneys may occur, such as severe @entity548 with @entity3577 , bowel wall @entity39 or secondary stenosis, acute @entity788 , central nervous system involvement which determines the vital outcome. Early accurate supportive treatment allows a current mortality rate below 5%, with most deaths due to central nervous system involvement. Five to 10% of @entity1 develop @entity454 , rarely directly, more often after having recovered some renal function with @entity740 during a few years. After 15 or more years follow-up, at least one third of @entity1 have some degree of @entity644 and/or @entity101 , and eventually chronic or end @entity177 . Predictive features of poor renal outcome at the acute phase are severe @entity344 , severe CNS involvement, polyncleosis over 20,000/mm3, and duration of initial @entity1696 longer than one week. The role of VTEC in D + @entity11849 makes the disease a public health problem. Preventive measures are essential.

title: [Post- XXXX hemolytic-uremic syndrome: clinical aspects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Due to the favorable natural history in @entity1 with low-grade @entity11 (LGGs), there is no consensus on the treatment strategy following maximal safe surgical resection. A number of studies have been conducted to identify prognostic factors in @entity1 treated for LGG. The present study evaluated the treatment outcomes as well as prognostic factors and their impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS). We retrospectively reviewed 30 consecutive @entity1 treated for LGG at the Department of Radiotherapy from February 2008 to July 2011. The @entity1 underwent surgical intervention and postoperative radiotherapy. The response to radiotherapy was evaluated from six to eight weeks after the end of treatment using MRI analysis. Kaplan-Maier analysis was used for @entity1349 and DFS estimation. The endpoint was mortality as a result of any cause. Within a median follow-up of 21.8 months, 9 @entity1 (30%) with disease progression were reported. The two- and five-year DFS and @entity1349 was 85.2 and 68.3% for DFS, and 84.3 and 63.4% for @entity1349 , respectively. The response to radiotherapy, evaluated in an MRI study, was found to be highly correlated with @entity1349 (p<0.0001). We also observed a significantly higher @entity1349 in @entity1 with disease progression treated with salvage chemotherapy after the end of radiotherapy (p=0.08). Improved outcome among @entity1 with LGG may be predicted by response to radiotherapy evaluated by MRI following termination of treatment.

title: Response to postoperative radiotherapy as a prognostic factor for @entity1 with low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The clinical importance of triggered activity as a cause of @entity943 is uncertain. We assumed that ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) caused by triggered activity could be increased at higher heart rates and be suppressed by @entity460 channel blockers and beta-adrenoceptor blocker. Thus, we evaluated VPC frequency as a function of underlying heart rate and examined the efficacy of @entity3988 and @entity2165 on VPCs, using 24 hour ECG recording. Plots of VPC frequency vs. heart rate were made at 1-beat/min intervals for all heart rates recorded for at least 5 min during 24 hours. @entity3988 (90-180 mg/day) and @entity2165 (50 mg/day) were given orally for 4 weeks, respectively in 36 and 16 @entity1 with VPCs of more than 2000/day. Patterns of relationship between VPC frequency and heart rate observed before @entity3988 therapy included: an increase of VPCs at higher heart rates (positive correlation) in 16 @entity1 , an increase at low heart rates and a decrease at high heart rates (bidirectional correlation) in 13 @entity1 , an increase at low heart rates and flat curve at high heart rates (positive-flat correlation) in 5 @entity1 , a linear decrease (negative correlation) in 1 @entity1 , and flat curve (flat correlation) in 1 @entity1 . The patterns of correlation in @entity1 treated with @entity2165 were positive in 6, bidirectional in 7, positive-flat in 2 and negative in 1. Both drugs significantly reduced the VPC frequency per 24 hours for @entity1 with a positive correlation (P group), but induced no significant change for those with the other patterns of correlation (NP group). At the 70% VPC suppression level, @entity3988 was effective in 9 of 16 @entity1 of P group and only 1 of 20 @entity1 of NP group (p less than 0.01); @entity2165 was effective in 5 of 6 @entity1 of P group and only 1 of 10 @entity1 of NP group (p less than 0.05). Both drugs reduced the slope of a positive correlation. These results suggest that: VPCs which increase at higher heart rates may be related to triggered activity, and an evaluation of VPC frequency as a function of heart rate predicts the response of VPCs to @entity3988 and @entity2165 , and probably to other @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers.

title: Suppression of ventricular premature contractions possibly related to triggered activity by oral XXXX and @entity2165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: The in vitro interactions between vascular cells and fibronectin have been shown to influence phenotypic expression of both cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells. To more effectively assess the potential functional role of fibronectin in vivo in modulating vascular phenotypes, we have established methodology for studying fibronectin biosynthesis in the @entity95 aorta using aortic rings that are morphologically and functionally intact and metabolically active. Aortic rings were incubated with @entity12486 -labeled @entity1853 in a supplemented physiological salt solution. The tissue was fractionated, and quantitative immunoprecipitation was performed using a polyclonal antibody directed against @entity1 plasma fibronectin. Newly synthesized fibronectin was most abundant in the fraction solubilized using 4% @entity3208 and in the incubation medium. In all fractions studied, fibronectin was present predominantly as a dimer with no detectable aggregates of fibronectin. Pulse-chase experiments showed that a substantial amount of newly synthesized fibronectin was found in the 4% @entity3208 extract after only 1 h, suggesting that fibronectin was rapidly incorporated into the extracellular matrix. The more soluble forms of newly synthesized fibronectin appeared to be the precursors for secreted fibronectin, and no precursor-product relationship between soluble and insoluble fibronectin was found. Dissection of aortic rings following incubation with labeled @entity1853 showed that newly synthesized fibronectin was uniformally distributed in both intima-media and media-adventitia segments. Endothelial cell denudation caused only a 20% decrease of fibronectin biosynthesis concomitant with similar changes in total protein biosynthesis, consistent with the medial smooth muscle cell as the major source of newly synthesized fibronectin. Biosynthesis of fibronectin was increased following a 24-h preincubation of the aortic rings, and concomitant increases in steady state mRNA for fibronectin were found. These in vitro studies documented the utility of aortic rings for the general purpose of studying protein synthesis in vascular cells and provide new information on the characteristics of fibronectin biosynthesis by aortic tissue.

title: Biosynthesis of fibronectin by XXXX aorta.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Thirty-six adults with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in second or greater chronic phase, accelerated phase, or @entity9638 underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling using high-dose thiotepa, @entity1863 and @entity786 (TBC) as the preparative regimen. All evaluable @entity1 engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. One @entity1 failed to clear @entity693 , and one @entity1 had one of 30 metaphases positive for the Philadelphia chromosome at 2 months post transplant. The remainder of the @entity1 studied had eradication of @entity1860 documented by cytogenetics and/or Southern blot for BCR gene rearrangement, and 13 of 15 @entity1 studied became negative for the BCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction. Three-year relapse rate is 42% (95% CI, 19-64%). The relapse rate was significantly lower for @entity1 transplanted without @entity9638 (9% vs 100%, P < 0.001). Eight (22%, 95% CI, 10-39%) @entity1 had severe or fatal @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ). Elevated liver enzymes within 1 month prior to transplantation and transplantation using marrow were significantly associated with the occurrence of @entity5501 . Three-year survival is 28% (95% CI, 13-43%). Survival was significantly higher for @entity1 transplanted without @entity9638 (45% vs 0%, P = 0.01). TBC is an effective preparative regimen for @entity1860 in accelerated phase but not refractory @entity9638 , and it should be used with caution in @entity1 with prior hepatopathy who have an increased risk of severe @entity5501 .

title: Thiotepa, XXXX and @entity786 as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease', 'VOD']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Triple-negative [ @entity172 receptor (ER)-/ @entity1420 receptor (PR)-/ @entity1722 -] @entity0 (TNBC) accounts for     15% of overall @entity0 and associated with a poor prognosis. There is a short of standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for TNBC. A number of studies have shown that TNBC might be sensitive to @entity900 and @entity3003 on the basis that dysfunction of @entity5345 and its pathway is associated with a specific DNA-repair defect, but data of adjuvant setting about this is limited. METHODS: From January 2010 to September 2011, 95 early triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 confirmed by pathology were randomly assigned to receive TP ( @entity1205 75 mg/m  , @entity3003 AUC = 5, day 1, 21 days a cycle for 6 cycles) or @entity1619 ( @entity1259 90 mg/m  , @entity786 600 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles, followed by @entity1205 80 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles) chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy was given selectively after chemotherapy. Here we report a preliminary safety analysis with the chi-square test. RESULTS: Seventy-six out of the 95 @entity1 had completed the chemotherapy and could be assessed for the safety profiles of the regimens. Thirty-seven of them were in the @entity1619 group with a median age of 47 years, and 21 out of these 37 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.8%). Another 39 @entity1 came from the TP group with a median age of 46 years, and 22 out of these 39 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.4%). All of the 37 @entity1 in @entity1619 group completed the planned treatment whereas 2 @entity1 of the 39 cases in TP group did not because of @entity236 . During the treatments, 9 @entity1 had dose adjustment in each group. Adverse events of grade 1/2 were common. Specific incidence of adverse events with grade 3/4 in each group was as follows: @entity1665 , 29.7% vs. 10.3% (P = 0.033), @entity391 21.6% vs. 7.7% (P = 0.085), @entity1431 54.1% vs.25.6% (P = 0.011) and @entity1398 51.4% vs. 35.9% (P = 0.174). Other grade 3/4 @entity137 were rare. All the adverse events (except @entity1897 and @entity2118 ) recovered within 1 month after the chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Both @entity1619 and TP regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy are safe and tolerable for the treatment of triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 , while the TP regimen has advantages with less grade III/IV @entity1665 and @entity1431 .

title: [ @entity1205 plus @entity3003 versus XXXX as adjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative @entity0 : safety data from a phase III randomized open-label trial].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['EC-T']


abstract: @entity2718 produces a potent enterotoxin and a cytotoxin, toxin A and toxin B, respectively. These toxins are associated with @entity8307 and antibiotic-associated @entity294 . In the present study, we investigated the oedematogenic activity of both toxins, characterizing the time-course and dose-response of this pro-inflammatory event. We also explored the effects of two inhibitors of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) production, @entity2816 and @entity1502 , in neutrophil recruitment and the oedematogenic activity of these toxins. Subplantar injection of toxin A induced paw @entity4 with a maximal response at 1 microg, reaching a maximal value 9 hr after toxin A challenge (toxin A 1 microg:1.39+/-0.09 ml). Toxin B also showed a dose-dependent oedematogenic activity with a late peak at 24 hr and a maximal response at a dose of 0.1 microg (toxin B 0.1 microg:1.74+/-0.12 ml). @entity1502 , but not @entity2816 , significantly reduced the @entity4 induced by Toxin A ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:60% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity1502 135 mg/kg:33.6% of inhibition). Both @entity2816 and @entity1502 were able to significantly reduce neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavities of @entity35 evoked with Toxin A ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg: 53.1% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:47.1% of inhibition) and Toxin B ( @entity2816 45 mg/kg:46.8% of inhibition; @entity1502 45 mg/kg:63.1% of inhibition). This study demonstrates the oedematogenic activities of both toxins with distinct potencies and time-courses. These data also show an inhibitory effect of @entity1502 in toxin A and B-induced paw @entity4 . Furthermore, both @entity1502 and @entity2816 significantly inhibited the @entity2718 toxins-induced @entity9979 .

title: The effect of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) inhibitors in XXXX toxin-induced paw @entity4 and @entity9979 .

entities_list: @entity9979 :: ('MESH:C563515', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophil migration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fibroblast-T-cell interactions may contribute to the development of @entity32 , a risk factor for trabeculectomy failure. This study was undertaken to determine whether normal and growth-arrested @entity1 Tenon's fibroblasts (HTF) can prevent cytokine deprivation-mediated T-cell apoptosis through the secretion of interferon ( @entity2391 . METHODS: HTF were used either untreated or pretreated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ; 0.1 or 0.4 mg/ml) or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ; 25 or 50 mg/ml). @entity1199 -deprived T cells were cocultured with HTF. T-cell viability was measured at specific time points. @entity1 Tenon's fibroblast-conditioned medium was used either untreated or treated with a neutralizing antibody against IFNbeta to block its action, after which @entity1199 -deprived T cells were added and T-cell viability was measured. An image analysis system was used to determine the production of IFNbeta by either untreated or @entity1139 -treated HTF. RESULTS: T-cell viability was significantly greater when T cells were cocultured with both untreated and growth-arrested HTF than when T cells were cultured alone (day 7, P = 0.0001). Neutralizing the action of IFNbeta blocked HTF-mediated T-cell rescue from apoptosis. Both untreated and growth-arrested HTF secrete IFNbeta, and @entity1139 at 0.4 mg/ml appeared to increase IFNbeta production. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine deprivation-mediated T-cell apoptosis can be prevented by the action of IFNbeta secreted by both normal and growth-arrested HTF, which suggests that growth-arrested HTF can still participate in an aggressive wound-healing reaction by mediating a persistent inflammatory phase. This may partly explain why some trabeculectomies fail in high-risk @entity1 , despite the use of antimetabolites.

title: XXXX tenon's fibroblast-produced ifnbeta and the prevention of t-cell apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We sought to determine the mechanisms responsible for the reduced renal tissue injury by agonists of A(2A) @entity859 receptors (A(2A)-ARs) in models of @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity44732 , a selective A(2A)-AR agonist, was administered subcutaneously to @entity35 and C57BL/6 @entity19 via osmotic minipumps, and animals were subjected to I/R. I/R led to an increase in plasma @entity1011 and kidney neutrophil infiltration. Infusion of @entity44732 at 10 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) produced a 70% reduction in plasma @entity1011 as well as a decrease in neutrophil density in outer medulla and cortex and @entity10873 activity in the reperfused kidney. @entity10873 activity in kidney correlated with the degree of @entity8 . P-selectin and @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) immunoreactivity were most prominent in endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries and interlobular arteries of cortex and outer and inner medulla of vehicle-treated @entity19 whose kidneys were subjected to I/R. @entity44732 treatment led to a pronounced decrease in P-selectin- and @entity8024 -like immunoreactivity. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that A(2A)-AR agonists limit I/R injury due to an inhibitory effect on neutrophil adhesion.

title: A(2A) @entity859 receptor-mediated inhibition of XXXX and neutrophil adhesion.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity10873 :: ('17523(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'Myeloperoxidase']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: Mortality from @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity64 and @entity454 are high in South Asian migrants in the UK. This is associated with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity101 . These seem to be manifestations of a @entity209 with insulin resistance (hyperinsulinaemia) and central @entity28 (based on high waist-to-hip ratio rather than on conventional measures of body mass index). This is associated with sedentary lifestyle, high serum @entity1674 and low HDL- @entity165 . Mortality from @entity64 and @entity454 are high in black migrants to the UK (both Caribbeans and West Africans). However, @entity301 mortality is low in this group. This pattern of mortality is associated with high prevalence of @entity101 and @entity6 . This group tends to be @entity28 (particularly @entity1 ) according to conventional measures of body mass index and to have hyperinsulinaemia, low serum @entity1674 and high HDL- @entity165 . Conventional risk factors such as cigarette smoking and hypercholesterolaemia are less prevalent in ethnic minority populations in the United Kingdom and unlikely to explain the differences seen between groups, although each risk factor is likely to contribute to the variation in @entity455 within each group. There is difficulty in reconciling the results of migration studies (eg, from rural to urban environments) pointing to major environmental influences on the changes in cardiovascular risk factors with the consistent pattern of disease of ethnic groups across the world and in subsequent generations, suggesting a certain degree of genetic susceptibility. Important environment-gene interplays might be underlying some of these processes. The detection and management of @entity101 and @entity6 are still unsatisfactory in inner city areas and show variations by ethnic origin. Strategies for the control of @entity301 and @entity64 adopted in European countries directed mostly to white populations may be inappropriate for ethnic minority populations.

title: Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk: variations in XXXX of African ancestry and South Asian origin.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with @entity7854 over a span of 20 years with an emphasis on presenting characteristics and predictors of outcome. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review from 1981 through 2000. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two congenital cases were identified in 167 @entity1 . Five @entity1 had bilateral disease. The majority (72%) were found in @entity1 , with an average age of 5.0 years. @entity393 was slight to moderate. When confined to 1 quadrant, @entity3540 was anterosuperior in 82% of cases; 47% had @entity3540 in 2 or more quadrants. Ossicular chain involvement was found in 43% of all cases, and mastoid extension was evident in 23%. The rate of recurrent disease was directly related to the extent and number of quadrants involved. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest series of congenital @entity3540 to be reported. This review confirms the male predominance and predilection for the anterosuperior quadrant. The extent of @entity3540 and its relation to @entity66 should be used as a guide for planning a second-look procedure.

title: @entity7854 : 20 years' experience at The XXXX 's Hospital of Philadelphia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity7854 :: ('MESH:C562858', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']