abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity and safety of the combination of @entity1206 (VNR) and @entity416 (CAP) as first-line treatment in @entity1722 -negative (HER(-)) @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (42) enrolled in trial A received intravenous (i.v.) VNR 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle combined with CAP 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 consecutive days followed by 1 week of rest. Trial B (46 @entity1 ) followed trial A when the oral formulation of VNR became available at our institution. @entity1 received oral VNR (60 mg/m(2) on days 1-8) combined with the same CAP schedule as in trial A. RESULTS: The response rate (RR) in trial A was 73.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.4-82.8), including 12.2% complete responses (CRs). Clinical benefit was achieved in 78% of @entity1 (95% CI, 63.2-87.9). In trial B, overall RR was 76% (95% CI, 62.0-86.0), with 13% CRs and clinical benefit of 80.4% (95% CI, 66.8-89.3). In trial A, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.2 months (range, 6-14+ months) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 32.4 months (range, 17-36+ months). In trial B, median PFS and @entity1349 were 8.8 months (range, 8-21+ months) and 34.3 months (14-39+ months), respectively. Treatment-related @entity137 was manageable. Quality of life assessment showed a statistically significant difference regarding body image (p = .001), sexual functioning (p = .02), and future perspectives (p = .03) in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy fully by the oral route. CONCLUSION: This joint analysis shows that both tested schedules can produce high objective RRs with encouraging PFS, manageable @entity137 profile, and suggested benefit on some aspects of quality of life for the fully oral combination.

title: Intravenous or oral XXXX plus @entity416 as first-line treatment in @entity1722 - @entity0 : joint analysis of 2 consecutive prospective phase II trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The operating room is a high-risk setting for occupational @entity2949 and bloodborne pathogen exposure. The requirement to provide safety-engineered devices, mandated by the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000, has received scant attention in surgical settings. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed percutaneous injury surveillance data from 87 hospitals in the United States from 1993 through 2006, comparing injury rates in surgical and nonsurgical settings before and after passage of the law. We identified devices and circumstances associated with @entity130 among surgical team members. RESULTS: Of 31,324 total @entity2949 , 7,186 were to surgical personnel. After the legislation, injury rates in nonsurgical settings dropped 31.6%, but increased 6.5% in surgical settings. Most @entity130 were caused by suture needles (43.4%), scalpel blades (17%), and syringes (12%). Three-quarters of @entity130 occurred during use or passing of devices. Surgeons and residents were most often original users of the injury-causing devices; nurses and surgical technicians were typically injured by devices originally used by others. CONCLUSIONS: Despite legislation and advances in sharps safety technology, @entity3816 continued to increase during the period that nonsurgical @entity130 decreased significantly. Hospitals should comply with requirements for the adoption of safer surgical technologies, and promote policies and practices shown to substantially reduce blood exposures to surgeons, their coworkers, and @entity1 . Although decisions affecting the safety of the surgical team lie primarily in the surgeon's hands, there are also roles for administrators, educators, and policy makers.

title: Increase in @entity2949 in surgical settings versus nonsurgical settings after passage of national XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['sharps injuries']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injuries']

answer: @entity2949 :: (MESH:D016602,Disease) :: ['needlestick legislation']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1465 shares structural similarity with pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH) and may act as a thyroid stimulator. We have studied serum @entity1465 levels, thyroid function tests and the ability of serum to stimulate cultured thyroid cells in 40 subjects between 6 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. Serum free @entity1954 was increased and serum TSH reduced in pregnancy samples (both p less than 0.05). @entity1465 was detectable in all pregnancy sera with a mean level of 105.6 X 10(3) U/l. Serum from 24 of the 40 (60%) @entity1 stimulated @entity6893 uptake into cultured @entity35 thyroid cells. The potency of sera in stimulating cells correlated with the @entity1465 level (r = 0.710, p less than 0.01). The stimulatory activity in some, but not all, sera could be specifically neutralized with antiserum to @entity1465 . Partially purified @entity1465 stimulated @entity6893 uptake and growth of thyroid cells at concentrations of 50 X 10(3) U/l and above. In these experiments, 25 X 10(3) U/l of @entity1465 produced equivalent stimulation to 1 mU/l of TSH. In 8 @entity1 tested before and after termination of pregnancy, the thyroid-cell-stimulatory activity of serum declined rapidly in parallel with serum @entity1465 . @entity1465 may stimulate the thyroid gland at concentrations which prevail in normal pregnancy. Its potential as a physiological regulator of the thyroid gland is not widely appreciated and requires further study.

title: Thyroid-stimulatory effects of XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin in early pregnancy. In vivo and in vitro studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Long Form and Short Form of the German (original) version of the Urticaria Control Test (UCT) have shown to be valid and reliable instruments for assessing @entity1 with all types of @entity110 ( @entity110 ). The cutoff scores for identifying @entity1 with well-controlled disease were    >=     24 and    >=     12 for Long and Short Forms, respectively. However, the sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the UCT have never been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, screening accuracy, sensitivity to change and MCID of the linguistically validated translation of the UCT into the Thai language for assessing @entity110 in the Thai population. METHODS: A structured translation and pre-testing were done to cross-culturally adapt the UCT for the Thai language. All measurement properties of both forms of the Thai UCT were validated in 169 @entity1 with @entity110 . RESULTS: There were strong correlations between the Thai UCT score and disease activity, health-related quality of @entity73 , and disease control (all correlations    >=     0.7). Good internal consistency and excellent intra-rater reliability were demonstrated. The same cutoff scores to define @entity1 with well-controlled disease should be used as those recommended for the original UCT version. MCIDs equated to increase in scores of 6 and 3 for the Long and Short Forms, respectively, of the Thai UCT should be used to identify @entity1 who had minimal responses. Score increments of >=  10 and    >=     6 for Long and Short Forms, respectively, should be used to define @entity1 who had marked responses. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the applicability of the UCT for use in Thailand, a country that has a very different language and cultural setting than that of Germany and the United States. Further studies are required to examine the suitability of the UCT for use in the pediatric population.

title: Validity, reliability and interpretability of the Thai version of the XXXX control test (UCT).

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic urticaria', 'CU']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: In order to better understand the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), the level of various lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 29 @entity1 with @entity309 was determined. All the @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 for 2 years. The total number and the proportion of CD3 cells, CD3+ @entity404 + and CD3+ @entity405 + cells did not change during the study. The initially increased level of @entity1075 + B-cells and @entity1075 + @entity5893 + cells decreased during the treatment. The percentage of CD3- @entity4071 + natural killer cells was not affected by the treatment. At the inception of the study, we observed a deficiency of @entity404 + CD45RA+ cells and the level of CD3+ @entity2393 + cells was slightly increased. During the treatment we noticed significant elevation of CD45RA cells. Consequently, the @entity2393 / @entity1195 RA ratio significantly decreased. We showed significant correlation between changes in disease activity and changes in the level of @entity1075 + cells and @entity404 + @entity2393 + cells. Our results suggest that low-dose @entity1499 may affect immunocompetent cells. The lowering in the @entity2393 + subset population associated with depletion of @entity1075 B-cells after @entity1499 therapy may limit abnormal @entity404 + cell activation and reduce the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed synovium.

title: Quantitative changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in erosive @entity309 @entity1 treated with XXXX . Correlation with disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'erosive RA', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The pathophysiology of @entity3932 is poorly understood, and ear, nose, and throat involvement is possible. These issues can result in frequent illnesses or @entity1224 , affecting @entity1 ' neurologic status. @entity1 with definite brain involvement who reported potential ear, nose, and throat issues on intake questionnaires underwent retrospective reviews of their medical records. We examined the relationships between these issues, secondary surgical interventions, and @entity1 ' neurologic status. The most common complaints involved the sinuses and frequent @entity2169 . Six @entity1 underwent placement of ear tubes, leading to improvements in @entity2704 and @entity64 -like episodes in one @entity1 , and improved @entity410 control in four others. @entity27 was confirmed in three @entity1 who underwent sleep studies. Tonsil or adenoid removal occurred in another three @entity1 . Surgery resulted in marked improvements regarding excessive drooling, @entity25 , and breathing problems. These findings suggest that ear, nose, and throat problems occur frequently in @entity1 with @entity3932 , and when repeated @entity2169 are associated with uncontrolled @entity410 , early placement of ear tubes may be beneficial. Furthermore, @entity1 with facial tissue @entity1184 may be at risk for @entity27 , and should be appropriately evaluated.

title: XXXX : ear, nose, and throat issues and neurologic status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber Syndrome', 'Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep  apnea']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraines']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infections']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity816 ( @entity816 ) shows a higher rate of recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination than does @entity816 ( @entity816 ). In this article, we discuss the treatment of @entity816 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2007, the authors treated 5 @entity1 . Two of these were male, three female. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 11 years. RESULTS: Three @entity1 showed CSF dissemination on the initial radiographic examination. All @entity1 received chemotherapy; the most commonly used combination drugs were @entity900 (CDDP)/ @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity2879 . When these drugs were unsuccessful, they were changed or other drugs added to the combination. After chemotherapy, four @entity1 showed remarkable @entity5 regression. Nevertheless, one @entity1 died 22 months after initial diagnosis, due to @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: While our series was limited to a small number of @entity1 , we have a positive impression of the value of chemotherapy. Even if initial chemotherapy is ineffective, we recommend continued CDDP/ @entity3003 -based chemotherapy with new drug combinations.

title: Management of pilomyxoid XXXX : our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Pilomyxoid astrocytoma', 'pilocytic astrocytoma', 'PMA', 'PA']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide diversity of alleles of @entity4131 gene ( @entity4131 ), linked to @entity71 ( @entity71 ), is mostly the result of length and single @entity377 polymorphisms in a 48-bp tandem repeat (VNTR). Alleles containing from two (2R) to eleven (11R) repeats have been identified. The most common are 4R, 7R and 2R. AIM: To study the association of @entity71 risk with @entity4131 genotypes in Chilean students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity71 risk data were obtained through the abbreviated Conner's Scale for School Teachers in 66 Aymara @entity1 (11 cases and 55 controls), 91 Rapa-Nui @entity1 (60 cases ad 31 controls) and 96 @entity1 from a mixed urban population from Santiago (51 cases and 45 controls). DNA extracted from saliva was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to genotype the @entity4131 VNTR. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity4131 alleles reveals that, beneath the 4R allele, 7R exhibits the second highest frequencies in Aymara and Santiago @entity1 . In Polynesian @entity1 , 2R ranks after 4R. A statistically significant association between @entity71 risk and 2R/4R genotype was identified in Polynesian @entity1 (p < 0.05; odds ratio = 3.7). CONCLUSIONS: Different @entity4131 genotypes are associated with @entity71 phenotype in Chilean populations, probably as a consequence of their initial colonization history.

title: [ XXXX dopamine receptor alleles in Chilean students of different ethnic origin and its relation with the risk for @entity71 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity4131 :: (1815,Gene) :: ['DRD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Measuring the nutritional status of trace elements in plasma is invalidated in the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. We examined the potential of erythrocytes to assess @entity920 , @entity219 and @entity4259 status in such situations. METHODS: Venous blood samples were withdrawn pre-operatively and at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h post-operatively from 11 @entity1 (6 males and 5 females) who were admitted for elective knee arthroplasty. @entity1851 , albumin, @entity920 , @entity219 , @entity4259 and @entity68 were measured in plasma and erythrocytes. RESULTS: Plasma @entity219 and @entity4259 concentrations fell significantly: 95% confidence intervals (CI)=-32% to -44% and -22% to -36%, respectively. @entity920 concentrations fell transiently and then increased significantly: CI=12-43%. No significant changes were seen in trace element concentrations in erythrocytes expressed either as a ratio of haemoglobin or @entity68 concentration. Erythrocyte @entity68 levels correlated significantly with haemoglobin (r=0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma concentrations of @entity920 , @entity219 and @entity4259 are unreliable markers of status in @entity1 with an acute inflammatory response. Erythrocyte concentrations of these trace elements may provide a more reliable measure in long-term studies of @entity1 with a chronic systemic inflammatory response. @entity68 can be used instead of haemoglobin as the denominator when expressing erythrocyte concentrations of trace elements.

title: Acute inflammatory response does not affect erythrocyte concentrations of XXXX , @entity219 and @entity4259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evaluation of the peritoneal transport characteristics is mandatory in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 . This is usually performed in routine clinical practice with a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) using conventional dialysates, with low pH and high @entity413 degradation product ( @entity3006 ) concentrations. An increasing proportion of @entity1 are now treated with biocompatible dialysates, i.e. with physiological pH and lower @entity3006 concentrations. This questions the appropriateness to perform a PET with conventional solutions in those @entity1 . The aim of our study is to compare the results of the PET using biocompatible and conventional dialysates, respectively. METHODS: Nineteen stable @entity298 @entity1 (13 males, 6 females; mean age: 67.95  2.36 years, mean body surface area: 1.83  0.04 m2, dialysis vintage: 2.95  0.19 years) were included, among which 10 were usually treated with biocompatible and 9 with conventional solutions. Two PETs were performed, within a 2-week interval, in each @entity1 . PET sequence (conventional solution first or biocompatible solution first) was randomized in order to avoid 'time bias'. Small ( @entity1133 , @entity1011 and @entity413 ), middle ( @entity2262 ) and large molecules' (albumin and @entity5843 ) dialysate/plasma (D/P) concentration ratios and clearances were measured during each PET. Ultrafiltration (UF) and @entity1372 filtration were also recorded. Results of both tests were compared by the Wilcoxon paired test. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between both dialysates for small molecule transport rates or for @entity1372 filtration and UF. However, a few @entity1 were not similarly classified for small-solute transport characteristics within the PET categories. @entity2262 and albumin D/P ratios at different time points of the PET were significantly higher with the biocompatible, when compared with the conventional, solutions: 0.10  0.03 @entity3156 .003 (P=0.01), respectively. A similar difference was also observed for @entity2262 that was higher with biocompatible dialysates (1.04  0.32 versus 0.93  0.32 mL/min, respectively). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal transport of water and small solutes is independent of the type of dialysate which is used. This is not the case for the transport of @entity2262 and albumin that is higher under biocompatible dialysates. Vascular tonus modification could potentially explain such differences. The PET should therefore always be carried out with the same dialysate to make longitudinal comparisons possible.

title: Peritoneal equilibration test with conventional 'low pH/high @entity413 degradation product' or with biocompatible 'normal pH/low XXXX degradation product' dialysates: does it matter?

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin', 'Beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: 1. @entity935 (DA) binding sites in the left and right ventricle of @entity101 @entity35 were assessed after two weeks of induction of @entity101 by @entity432 . 2. The ratio of left ventricular (LV) weight to total body weight was significantly increased in @entity101 @entity35 from 2.046 +/- 0.120 mg g-1 to 3.125 +/- 0.090 mg g-1 (P less than 0.01) while no significant difference was noted in the right ventricle (RV). 3. The hypertrophied LV was associated with a 78% increase in its protein content, however, the ratio of protein content to ventricular wet weight was not significantly different from controls. No change in RV protein content and concentration was observed. 4. @entity935 affinity of sarcolemmal protein was not significantly different in control and experimental LV and RV and the ratio of DA affinity in LV:RV was 10:1. 5. Saturation of LV with DA was reached at around 7 min whereas RV was saturated at approximately 15 min.

title: XXXX receptors in the hypertrophied @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity1566 commonly causes chronic, @entity9 . The mechanisms are poorly understood but may include structural plasticity within spinal and supraspinal circuits. Our aim was to determine whether structural remodeling within the dorsal horn rostral to an @entity130 differs from a complete spinal cord transection. Four immunohistochemical populations of primary afferent C-fibers, and descending @entity2922 and serotonergic projections, were examined in segments T9-T12 at 2 and 12 weeks after a T13 clip- @entity2850 in adult male @entity35 . Dorsal root ganglia were also examined. Two weeks after injury, fibers immunoreactive for @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) or GDNF-family receptors ( @entity27830 , GFRalpha2, GFRalpha3) showed distinct injury responses within the superficial dorsal horn. @entity4655 fibers decreased, but @entity27830 , GFRalpha2 and GFRalpha3 fibers did not change. In contrast, all groups were decreased by 12 weeks after injury. @entity2922 fibers showed a decrease at 2 weeks followed by an increase in density at 12 weeks, whereas serotonergic fibers showed a decrease (restricted to deep dorsal horn) at 12 weeks. These results show that the dorsal horn of the spinal cord undergoes substantial structural plasticity rostral to a @entity2850 , with the most profound effect being a prolonged and possibly permanent loss of primary afferent fibers. This loss was more extensive and more prolonged than the loss that follows spinal cord transection. Our results provide further evidence that anatomical reorganization of sensory and nociceptive dorsal horn circuits rostral to an injury could factor in the development or maintenance of @entity1566 .

title: XXXX in adult @entity35 initiates changes in dorsal horn remodeling that may correlate with development of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine', 'catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord compression injury']


abstract: AIM: To present a series of covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS) placed for different indications and to evaluate the effectiveness, complications and extractability of these devices. METHODS: We therefore retrospectively reviewed the courses of @entity1 who received CSEMS due to malignant as well as benign biliary strictures and post-sphincterotomy @entity548 in our endoscopic unit between January 2010 and October 2011. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 received 28 stents due to different indications (20 stents due to @entity5 , six stents due to benign biliary strictures and two stents due to post-sphincterotomy @entity548 ). @entity253 was relieved in all cases, regardless of the underlying cause. Hemostasis could be achieved in the two @entity1 who received the stents for this purpose. Complications occurred in five @entity1 (18%). Two @entity1 (7%) developed @entity2679 , stents dislocated/migrated in other two @entity1 (7%), and in one @entity1 (3.6%) stent occlusion was documented during the study period. Seven stents were extracted endoscopically. Removal of stents was easily possible in all cases in which it was desired using standard forceps. Twelve @entity1 underwent surgery with pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy. In all @entity1 stents could be removed during the operation without difficulties. CONCLUSION: Despite the higher costs of these devices, fully covered self-expanding metal stents may be suitable to relief @entity253 due to @entity1157 , regardless of the underlying cause. CSEMS may also represent an effective treatment strategy of severe post-sphincterotomy @entity548 , not controlled by other measures.

title: Fully covered self-expandable metal stents for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'Biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant and benign biliary strictures']


abstract: Fifty-one surgical decompressions without nerve transposition for @entity16 were performed in 46 @entity1 . All of the @entity1 were @entity1 with an average age of 59 years at the time of surgery. The follow-up range was between 5 and 32 months (average, 17.8 months). The disease involved the nondominant arm in 24 @entity1 (52%) and was bilateral in 5 (11%). In 23 cases (50%), no predisposing condition could be identified, whereas 15 @entity1 (33%) abused @entity167 and 8 @entity1 (17%) had @entity6 . Fifty-seven percent of the @entity1 helped by surgery had symptoms for less than 1 year, whereas only 30% of @entity1 with symptoms for more than 1 year had symptomatic improvement. The relative magnitude of the slowing of ulnar nerve conduction velocity across the elbow was not significantly correlated with the success of decompression in relieving symptoms. Ulnar nerve conduction velocities across the elbow were 36.13 +/- 11.76 m/s in those responding to surgery and 38.97 +/- 13.91 m/s in those not responding (c = 0.06, dF = 50, P less than 0.3). A total of 37 @entity1 showed symptomatic improvement after decompression. Simple decompression of the ulnar nerve was performed under local anesthesia without transposition of the nerve. In all of these cases, compression of the nerve occurred predominantly in the epicondylar groove. Narrowing of the nerve in the groove was present in 28 cases (55%); scar tissue was found adhering to the nerve in 21 cases (41%); and two pseudoneuromas were found (4%). Forty-one operations (80%) resulted in symptomatic improvement, typically noted by the @entity1 within the first month postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgical decompression without transposition for XXXX : factors determining outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: A case of multiple @entity4607 is presented. The @entity1 is a black male @entity1 , the product of an uncomplicated term gestation and delivery. At birth, there were numerous @entity1127 distributed over the periorbital and periauricular areas bilaterally. Some appeared fingerlike with constrictions below their tips. Others were branched or globular in shape. These projections showed spontaneous and independent movement, particularly during feedings. On histopathologic examination, the @entity1127 were covered by squamous epithelium and contained normal follicular units. Bundles of skeletal muscle were present in the reticular dermis, extending into the subcutis. Regular cross-striations were seen in these muscle fibers. In some specimens, the muscle bundles formed a solid, central core. Skeletal muscle histochemical stains confirmed the presence of both types 1 and 2 muscle fibers. Electron microscopy revealed a normal skeletal muscle banding pattern. This case is the first report of multiple @entity4607 of skin. Functional skeletal muscle with spontaneous movement is part of the clinical picture.

title: Multiple XXXX of skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas']


abstract: @entity902 -based chemotherapy is the standard of care for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , but clinical challenges remain in determining safe and effective treatments for elderly @entity1 and those with performance status 2, who may not be able to tolerate standard regimens. Because @entity3003 is associated with a better tolerability profile than @entity900 , with comparable efficacy, @entity3003 -based combination regimens are the "community standard of care". The standard of care appropriate for elderly and performance status 2 @entity1 , however, remains controversial. Under-representation of elderly and performance status 2 @entity1 in clinical trials and fears about the suitability of treating such @entity1 with the same therapies as those used in younger and healthier @entity1 , hinders evidence-based decisions regarding care. Recent evidence indicates that "fit" elderly @entity1 respond to @entity902 -based doublet therapy with reasonable tolerability. Particularly in the presence of substantial comorbidities, @entity1 with poor performance status are less responsive to chemotherapy than healthier @entity1 . However, the decision to proceed with treatment may be appropriate for selected @entity1 . In clinical trials with performance status 2 @entity1 , greater clinical efficacy was seen with @entity3003 -based doublets than single-agent @entity1311 , suggesting that @entity3003 -based doublets can be effective treatment in this population. Optimal @entity3003 administration in combination with @entity1311 is yet to be determined, but phase II trials indicate that weekly @entity1311 plus monthly full-dose @entity3003 may offer enhanced tolerability and efficacy versus standard every-3-week schedules. A phase III trial comparing these schedules has been completed and will be reported in 2004.

title: Challenges in advanced NSCLC: optimizing XXXX -based chemotherapy and treating special populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Topical @entity1242 treatment has demonstrated short- to mid-term efficacy in chronic noninsertional Achilles @entity924 . However, the underlying mechanisms are far from being understood. We hypothetized that Achilles tendon capillary blood flow changes immediately after topical @entity1242 treatment. Fifteen @entity1 (55 + or - 15 years, VAS 5.8 + or - 2.3) with current @entity158 36 months after open surgical Achilles tendon repair for @entity397 were included. On the Achilles mid-portion, 1.2 mg topical @entity1242 was sprayed. Microcirculatory monitoring included capillary blood flow, tendon @entity26 saturation and postcapillary venous filling pressures at the insertion and 2, 4 and 6 cm above the insertion using a combined laser Doppler and spectrophotometry system. Baseline @entity158 were increased [108 + or - 46 vs. 81 + or - 20 (2 cm above the insertion), 104 + or - 40 vs. 76 + or - 20 (4 cm above the insertion), 111 + or - 53 vs. 90 + or - 21 (6 cm above the insertion, P < 0.05)]. However, topical @entity1242 did not change capillary blood-flow at 2 and 8-mm tissue depths at the @entity158 . Tendon oxygenation was not changed at the @entity158 . Postcapillary venous filling pressure was reduced at 8 mm at the mid-portion in the painful @entity924 (113 + or - 37 vs. 95 + or - 31, P = 0.030). Acute topical @entity1242 facilitates capillary venous outflow in @entity158 . However, capillary blood-flow and tendon oxygenation remain unchanged following acute topical @entity1242 application. Elevated capillary blood-flow at the entire mid-portion is encountered at baseline in previously ruptured @entity158 even 3 years after surgical repair of the Achilles tendon indicating an altered microcirculatory flow pattern.

title: Microcirculatory effects of topical @entity1242 on the Achilles tendon microcirculation in @entity1 with previous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'Achilles tendon only']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mid-portion Achilles tendon pain', 'painful or the healthy Achilles tendon', 'painful Achilles tendons', 'painful Achilles tendon or the healthy tendon', 'capillary blood-flows of the painful versus the uninjured tendon']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']


abstract: Prolotherapy is one of the many treatments available for chronic @entity85 . A commonly used drug contains @entity413 12.5%, glycerin 12.5%, @entity3971 1.0%, and @entity3303 0.25% in aqueous solution (recently termed @entity33412 ). For @entity1643 , this is injected into lumbosacral ligaments to stimulate connective tissue repair. Despite generally positive clinical results, the @entity137 of this drug is not well characterized and was assessed in 48 (24 male, 24 female) Yucatan miniature @entity1707 randomly assigned to low (1x), medium (5x), or high (10x) dose or saline placebo. Outcomes included clinical observations, clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, urinalysis, toxicokinetics, and full gross and microscopic histopathology after 24 hours or 14 days. Findings attributable to @entity33412 after 24 hours included dose-response elevations in @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and @entity908 kinase, which returned to normal after 14 days. There were no remarkable findings in hematology, coagulation, or urinalysis. Urine concentrations of @entity3303 and @entity3971 both peaked after 8 hours. Histopathology findings after 24 hours included @entity548 , @entity32 , @entity39 , and vascular changes in the ligaments and adjacent soft tissues at the sites of injection. After 14 days, there was evidence of repair under way, with @entity82 and skeletal muscle regeneration at the injection sites.

title: Acute @entity137 evaluation of XXXX : a dose-escalating, placebo-controlled study in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity33412 :: ('MESH:C542771', 'Chemical') :: ['Proliferol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity33412 :: (MESH:C542771,Chemical) :: ['proliferol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self- @entity4968 through the ingestion of Oduvanthalai is common in South India. Mortality may occur because of @entity943 , @entity177 , shock, and @entity649 . The mechanisms of @entity137 are unclear. This prospective, clinical study was designed to assess @entity8 because of Oduvanthalai @entity4968 . METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 admitted with Oduvanthalai @entity4968 at a tertiary care hospital in South India, from June 2007 to August 2009 (26 months), were evaluated through history, physical examination, and laboratory studies. Following an interim analysis, additional studies of renal tubular function were performed on a subcohort of eight @entity1 . These included the following: (1) urinary pH, daily serum, and urine anion gap; (2) 24-h urine protein and @entity972 ; and (3) assessment of urine hexosaminidase and @entity535 levels. RESULTS: @entity520 (100%), which persisted at discharge (65.6%), @entity1371 (62.5%), and @entity177 (15.6%), was apparent in the total cohort. Tests of renal tubular function on the subcohort revealed a normal anion gap, hyperchloremic, @entity520 of renal etiology, defective urinary acidification, and @entity1371 with kaliuresis, indicative of @entity8 in six @entity1 . Urinary hexosaminidase and @entity535 levels, markers of proximal @entity4434 , were elevated in seven and two @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is an important feature of Oduvanthalai @entity4968 . @entity810 and, in more severe forms, global @entity4434 with diminished glomerular filtration rate may occur.

title: A clinical study of @entity8 in Cleistanthus collinus (Oduvanthalai) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular dysfunction', 'Distal renal tubular acidosis', 'distal renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['tubular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the presence of shared underlying causes of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) and other @entity245 , by examining risks of other disorders in siblings of @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: We used Norwegian national registries to identify 1.4 million pairs of full siblings (singletons) and 28   000 sets of twins born from 1967 to 2006, identify @entity2209 and neonatal deaths, and find individuals with @entity306 , @entity302 , @entity717 , @entity72 , @entity71 , @entity1939 , @entity2319 , @entity161 , and @entity162 . Associations between @entity306 in 1 sibling and @entity245 or @entity204 in other siblings were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: There were 5707 neonatal survivors (beyond 28 days) with @entity306 (2.5/1000). These @entity1 had substantial comorbidity (eg, 29% had @entity302 ). Singleton siblings of (singleton) @entity1 with @entity306 had increased risks of @entity245 , including @entity302 ( @entity8604 [ @entity8604 ], 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-2.5]), @entity717 ( @entity8604 , 2.3 [95% CI, 1.8-2.9]), @entity72 ( @entity8604 , 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1-2.2]), @entity71 ( @entity8604 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1-1.6]), @entity1939 ( @entity8604 2.4 [95% CI, 1.1-5.4]), and @entity161 ( @entity8604 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2-3.2]). There was no increase in risk of @entity162 ( @entity8604 1.0 [95% CI, 0.6-1.6]). Families with @entity1 with @entity306 also had increased risk of losing another @entity1 in the perinatal period (stillbirth @entity8604 , 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5- 2.3]; @entity204 @entity8604 , 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3-2.2]). Associations were stronger within sets of twins. CONCLUSIONS: Siblings of a @entity1 with @entity306 were at increased risk for a variety of other neurodevelopmental morbidities, as well as @entity204 , indicating the presence of shared underlying causes.

title: @entity245 or Early Death in Siblings of XXXX With @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental problems', 'neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Mixed Reality (MR) refers to the blending of virtual content into the real world. Using MR, we create contextually meaningful scenarios in which users carry out tasks encountered in the presence of @entity227 . Visual distracters can include subtle ones - @entity1 walking; and more abrupt ones - cartons falling. Aural distracters can include gentle ones - fans whirring; and more @entity146 ones - automobiles backfiring. The intensity of these distracters can be dynamically controlled by a therapist or software that takes into account the @entity1 's perceived level of stress. Intensity can also be controlled between experiences. For example, one may increase the stress level in a subsequent session, attempting to improve a @entity1 's tolerance. Assessment of progress includes psychophysical metrics (stress indicators) and the performance of tasks (accuracy and adherence to time constraints). By accurately capturing a @entity1 's interaction with the environment in the context of simulation events, we can use MR as a tool for assessment and rehabilitation planning for individuals with stress-related injuries. This paper reports on the MR environment we have developed and its efficacy (realized and potential) for the assessment of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) with or without @entity131 ( @entity131 ).

title: Mixed Reality for @entity1005 / XXXX Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and aural distracters']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: Soam discovered the drug @entity33856 (or less BV) in 1907. After that, BV was imported in Japan in the latter part of the Meiji period as Western medicine. Under the influence of the First World War, in Japan, BV was domestic production. And BV are listed in @entity33857 V (1932), it is continued listing until the current @entity33857 X VI (2011). As a foreign pharmacopoeia which listed the BV, only in addition to the @entity33857 , there was a German Pharmacopoeia (DAB). During this time, the @entity33857 and DAB, the standards and test methods of BV, it was amended as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The discrimination test and analysis test was defined based on the chemical properties of @entity1133 and @entity27014 and @entity5497 . Therefore, consistency was seen in the chemical criteria for test. From this it is understood that BV is Bromoisovalerateureido synthesized based on @entity1133 and @entity27014 and @entity5497 . This @entity27014 is the active ingredient of Japanese Valerian and Valerian roots. BV is an organic synthetic @entity1133 derivative that was effectively improved organic synthesis @entity27014 with respect to quality and efficacy surface. For this reason at the time that BV have been developed, it is an ideal new drug, it was described as a good medicine have no side effects. But to BV, there is a nature that it has tolerance, addictive, a dependency. In Japan after the Second World War, there was a lack of awareness about the nature of such BV. That it had become a system that masses can easily purchase the BV. Revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law of 1960 against in this, selling regulation of BV is provided. However, for analgesic formulated with BV of dose observed in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, as generic drugs, selling is permitted, it is continuing until today. For this reason in recent years, long-term use of BV by self-judgment of the masses is frequent. And chronic @entity5497 poisoning BV by this it have been a problem. Therefore regard to BV, always for their safety, including the overseas situation, I think it is important to seize the new knowledge and information.

title: [Transition of Psychotropic Drugs in @entity33857 ( XXXX ) (Part 16). Transitions in the Standards and Test Methods of Bromovalerylurea in @entity33857 V (1932) and @entity33857 X VI (2011), and Comparison with Deutsches Arzneibuch].

entities_list: @entity33856 :: ('MESH:D001968', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromovalerylurea']

entities_list: @entity27014 :: ('MESH:C008216', 'Chemical') :: ['isovaleric acid']

answer: @entity33857 :: (MESH:D004672,Disease) :: ['JP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal @entity2995 in the management of persistent @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 were selected with a 3- to 4-month history of nonischemic CRVO and persistent @entity1103 . These @entity1 received a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg of @entity2995 (40 mg/mL). The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 12 months. The amount of @entity1103 was assessed by the amount of retinal thickening on clinical examination using the Goldmann contact lens and by the area and intensity of staining on @entity941 angiography. Treated @entity1 were compared with a retrospectively matched group of @entity1 who were managed with observation only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in visual acuity and amount of @entity1103 were assessed in the treated @entity1 and compared with the observation group. RESULTS: The mean baseline visual acuity in the treatment group was 20/132 vs 20/123 for the observation group (P =.57). After 1 week, the treated group had a mean visual acuity of 20/51. At final follow-up, the treated group had a mean visual acuity of 20/37 while the observation group had a mean visual acuity of 20/110 (P =.001). Sixty percent of treated @entity1 had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better vs only 20% in the observation group (P =.01). Forty percent of the untreated @entity1 had a final visual acuity worse than 20/200 while none of the treated @entity1 did (P<.001). At final follow-up, 75% of treated @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity1103 on clinical examination vs only 20% of the untreated @entity1 (P<.001). Two of the treated @entity1 had recurrence of @entity1103 at 6 months, and 3 had elevated intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION: This study shows a treatment benefit from intravitreal @entity2713 in terms of visual acuity and @entity1103 for nonischemic CRVO.

title: Intravitreal @entity2713 for the management of @entity1103 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Major orthopedic surgery that cause considerable @entity158 , requires good post operative @entity158 management. Microcurrent therapy ( @entity34 ) is a new therapy whereby electric current is provided in literally millionth of an ampere. @entity34 comes as two self adherent active electrode patches linked by a cable Efficacy of @entity34 in the management of @entity4512 and enhancement of wound healing has been reported. AIM OF THE WORK: To study the effect of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) on the epidural @entity3575 requirements and degree of wound healing after total hip arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight @entity1 undergoing total hip replacement (THR) were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I: had micro current skin patches (two adhesive electrode) attached above the site of operation in addition to the lumbar epidural catheter. Post operative epidural @entity3575 infusion with a syringe pump given at a rate ranged between 25 and 75 microgram per hour to keep visual analogue @entity158 score (VAS) less than 3/10. Group II had only continuous epidural infusion with @entity3575 at the same range to keep VAS less than 3/10 without @entity34 . RESULTS: There was statistically significant lower mean epidural @entity3575 requirement in Group I (23.24 microgram) when compared to Group II (58.36 microgram). There was 23% incidence of @entity1909 in Group I due to application of micro- current skin patch which resolved by treatment. There was statistically significant higher frequency of grade 1 of wound healing in the microcurrent group (41.3 %) when compared to Group II (7.2%). Grade 2 and 3 were more frequent in Group II) CONCLUSION: The microcurrent skin therapy lead to reduction in the requirements of the post operative epidural @entity3575 with improvement of degrees of wound healing but with considerable incidence of @entity272 after total hip arthroplasty.

title: Effect of microcurrent skin patch on the epidural @entity3575 requirements for post operative XXXX relief of total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain like total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['microcurrent therapy', 'MCT']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity337 caused by non-specific @entity3665 is relatively rare, and @entity1713 after aortic valve replacement has been reported to be one of the most serious complications. The authors investigated the surgical results in @entity1 with @entity337 caused by non-specific @entity3665 . Between 1978 and 1997, 90 @entity1 with @entity337 secondary to non-specific @entity3665 underwent surgery. There were 28 males and 62 females. The age of these @entity1 ranged from 19 years to 70 years (mean, 48 years). Sixty-five @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity12040 , 10 had Beh  et's disease and 15 had @entity3665 of unknown etiology. The surgical procedures for @entity337 were aortic valve replacement in 62 @entity1 , Bentall-type operation in 27 and remodeling in one. Five @entity1 (5.6%) died during the hospital stay. The follow-up duration ranged from 1 month to 224 months (mean, 98 months). Twenty-one @entity1 died during the follow-up period, and the actuarial survival rate was 83% at 5 years and 68% at 10 years. Prosthetic @entity1713 occurred in 12 @entity1 (13.3%). Two @entity1 required a re-aortic valve replacement, eight had a composite graft replacement and two @entity1 underwent a homograft reconstruction. Absence of @entity1713 was noted in 83% of the @entity1 at 5 years and in 75% at 10 years. The incidence of @entity1713 was 40% (4/10) in @entity1 with Beh  et's disease, 33% (5/15) in @entity3665 of unknown etiology, 4.6% (3/65) in @entity12040 and 29% (8/28) in male @entity1 . Surgical techniques for treatment of this condition should be modified for further improvement of the surgical outcome in these @entity1 with Beh  et's disease and @entity3665 of unknown etiology.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX caused by non-specific @entity3665 .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve detachment', 'valve detachment']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) alone and in combination with @entity1749 (Bor) on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1778 cell line K562, and to analyze the potential mechanism. K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of @entity9188 or Bor (alone or combination) for 24, 48 h. @entity98 method was used to detect the cell proliferation. After K562 cells were treated with 0.5   mol/L @entity9188 alone or in combination with 10 nmoL/L Bor, the apoptosis rate and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry, and the activity of NF-kB was analyzed by SP immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the different concentrations of @entity9188 and Bor could inhibit the K562 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manners (P < 0.05). The IC(50) of Bor and @entity9188 in 48 h were 20 nmol/L and 0.6   mol/L respectively. When K562 cells were treated with @entity9188 or Bor alone for 24 h, the apoptotic rate of K562 cells increased, and the apoptotic rate in combination group was higher than that in @entity9188 or Bor group. The cells were apparently arrested in G(2)/M phase in Bor group and G(0)/G(1) phase in @entity9188 group. The activity of NF-kB decreased significantly in @entity9188 or Bor group (P < 0.05), this effect was most significant in the combination group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that both @entity9188 and Bor can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of K562 cells, a synergistic effect can be observed when a low dose of @entity9188 combined with low dose of Bor. The different cell cycle block site and the decrease of activity of NF-kB may be one of the mechanisms underlying their synergic effect.

title: [Effects of XXXX combined with @entity1749 on proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells and their mechanism].

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy for @entity2489 can reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the occurrence of adverse drug events, and the cost of therapy. Evidence suggests that discontinuation of therapy by day 3 may be appropriate for @entity1 with a clinical @entity358 score of 6 or less at baseline and on day 3. OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of @entity1 eligible for antimicrobial discontinuation on day 3 and day 7 of therapy and to determine the proportion of eligible @entity1 for whom antimicrobials were discontinued within these timeframes. METHODS: A 6-month observational study was conducted from October 3, 2005, to March 31, 2006, in a 27-bed medical-surgical tertiary care intensive care unit. Clinical pharmacists attended daily rounds and prospectively identified @entity1 for inclusion in the study. A study pharmacist retrospectively calculated clinical @entity358 scores. Other data were obtained from the quality-improvement database and @entity1 health records for the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 were treated for @entity2489 during the study period, of whom 49 were included in the analysis. At day 3, 17 (35%) of the 49 @entity1 were eligible for early discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy, but therapy was discontinued for only 2 (12%) of these 17 @entity1 . At day 7, 10 (32%) of 31 @entity1 were eligible for antimicrobial discontinuation, but therapy was discontinued for only 1 (10%) of these 10 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant opportunity exists at the authors' institution to develop and implement an antimicrobial discontinuation policy that uses the clinical @entity358 score to guide antimicrobial use for @entity1 with @entity2489 .

title: Identifying missed opportunities to curtail antimicrobial therapy for presumed XXXX using the clinical @entity358 score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to examine the association of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics with sequentially obtained measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), expressed as a percentage of the predicted value, and to identify predictors of the decline rate in FVC over time in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS). METHODS: To date, 266 @entity1 have been enrolled in GENISOS, a prospective, observational cohort of @entity1 with early @entity785 . In addition to pulmonary function tests (PFTs), clinical and laboratory data were obtained from each @entity1 . We analyzed 926 FVC measurements utilizing generalized linear mixed models. The predictive significance of baseline variables for the decline rate in FVC was investigated by the interaction term between the variable and the follow-up time within the first 3 years after enrollment as well as throughout the entire follow-up time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 125 white, 54 African American, and 77 Hispanic @entity1 with average disease duration of 2.5 years at enrollment. The mean follow-up time was 3.8 years, ranging up to 11.4 years. A number of baseline variables, including antibody status, African American ethnicity, disease type, baseline PFT values, modified Rodnan Skin Score, @entity82 on chest radiograph, and lung and skin subscores of the Severity Index, were associated with serially measured FVC levels. However, only the presence of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (ATA) was associated with lower FVC levels (P < 0.001) as well as accelerated decline rate in FVC within the first 3 years of follow-up (P = 0.02). None of the baseline variables predicted the rate of decline in FVC on long-term follow-up. @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity3130 , however, were under-represented in the long-term follow-up group because the accelerated rate of decline in FVC was associated with poor survival (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of ATA was the only baseline variable associated with differential FVC levels, predicting the rate of decline in FVC within the first 3 years of follow-up. The association of faster decline in FVC with poor survival further emphasizes the need for identification of predictive biomarkers by collection of genetic information and serial blood samples in cohort studies.

title: Predictors of interstitial lung disease in early XXXX : a prospective longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Studies and meta-analyses investigating the influence of substance use disorder ( @entity3257 ) ( @entity734 or dependence) on @entity149 in @entity161 @entity1 have revealed controversial results. Most studies did only have small samples and did not focus exclusively on first-episode @entity161 @entity1 . METHOD: In a post-hoc analysis of the European First Episode @entity161 Trial (EUFEST) psychopathology and cognitive performances of @entity1 with (FE- @entity3257 , N=119, consisting of N=88 @entity1 with persisting @entity3257 at baseline and N=31 @entity1 with previous @entity3257 ) and without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 , N=204) were compared at baseline and 6 months follow-up. Neurocognitive assessment included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); @entity2205 Making Tests A and B (TMT), Purdue Pegboard and Digit-Symbol Coding. RESULTS: In total 31.1% of @entity1 reported @entity3257 , and 22.2% of @entity1 used @entity835 . There were no significant differences between @entity1 with and without @entity3257 concerning PANSS scores, @entity21 or neurocognitive measures except better performance in psychomotor speed (TMT-A, p=0.033, Cohen's d=0.26) in @entity1 with @entity3257 at 6 months follow-up. Interestingly, @entity3257 @entity1 with ongoing substance use at follow-up showed elevated positive symptoms (PANSS positive score, p=0.008, Cohen's d=0.84) compared to those who abstained. PANSS scores at baseline were increased in @entity1 with an onset of @entity3257 before the age of 16 years. In addition we found a correlation between longer duration of @entity835 use and higher cognitive performance as well as reduced symptom improvement and more @entity21 in @entity1 with higher frequency of @entity835 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: FE- @entity3257 and @entity3257 show similar psychopathology and neuropsychological performances at baseline and during the first 6 months of antipsychotic treatment.

title: Comorbid XXXX in first-episode @entity161 : effects on cognition and psychopathology in the EUFEST study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathology and neurocognitive function']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal motor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: Between 1983 and 1989, 85 @entity1 with either @entity188 or a recurrence of a previously diagnosed @entity5 (47 @entity1 and 38 @entity1 aged 20 to 87 years) were treated in our @entity158 clinic. In 50 @entity1 , the reason for referral was perineal @entity158 which had been present for one week to two years (median six months, 25%-percentile six weeks, 75%-percentile six months). In some @entity1 this was considered to be due to scar tissue formation by the referring doctors. The @entity158 was classified somatic, visceral and neuropathic in approximately equal numbers of @entity1 , and about half of them described more than one type of @entity158 . The other 35 @entity1 were suffering from @entity158 at other sites. In 40 out of 50 @entity1 with perineal @entity158 , local @entity5 recurrence was diagnosed. In 29 @entity1 , @entity158 symptoms began with a median of 5.5 months before the @entity5 recurrence was diagnosed. In a further seven @entity1 , other types of @entity5 dissemination in the pelvis were considered to be the cause of the perineal @entity158 . In only three @entity1 no evidence of @entity5 was found in the pelvis. A non-neoplastic cause of perineal @entity158 could be definitely confirmed in only one @entity1 on post-mortem examination. 35 @entity1 reported no perineal @entity158 on admission, although in 19 cases a @entity5 recurrence was found. 13 of these @entity1 suffered from @entity158 in the area of sensory innervation of the lumbosacral plexus. From 16 @entity1 without a diagnosis of local recurrence, only four reported @entity158 in this area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perineal @entity158 and XXXX --prevalence in local recurrence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'local cancer', 'rectal tumour']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The field of rickettsiology is rapidly evolving. Rickettsiae are small Gram-negative bacteria that can be transmitted to @entity1 by arthropods. In most cases they are transmitted transovarially in the arthropod; @entity1 beings are incidental hosts. In recent years the use of cell culture and molecular biology has profoundly changed our knowledge of rickettsiae and has led to the description of several new species. New @entity66 have been found in three main situations: firstly, in places where no new species have been identified, typical rickettsial symptoms have been observed (Japan, China); secondly, typical rickettsioses have been found to be caused by different organisms - in such cases a new @entity15286 species has been misdiagnosed as a previously identified bacterium (for example, @entity15286 was confused with @entity16736 ); thirdly, atypical clinical symptoms have been found to be caused by rickettsial organisms such as @entity21461 . These findings challenge the old dogma that only one @entity7545 is prevalent in one geographical area. Many @entity15286 spp. have been identified in ticks, but have not yet been implicated in @entity1 pathology. These rickettsiae should be considered as potential pathogens. All known or suspected @entity66 should be treated (including in @entity1 ) with @entity3403 .

title: Old and new XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity15286 :: ('35792', 'Species') :: ['R. parkeri', 'Rickettsia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rickettsial diseases']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne rickettsiosis']

answer: @entity7545 :: (MESH:D017282,Disease) :: ['tick-borne rickettsioses']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Dyspneic @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 present a diagnostic dilemma. Recent technologic advances have made it possible to capture information about pathologic heart sounds at ECG recording. This study evaluates the effect of an S3 captured by acoustic cardiography on emergency physician diagnostic accuracy and confidence in their diagnosis of @entity712 , as well as the @entity1 's prognosis. METHODS: Dyspneic @entity341 @entity1 older than 40 years who were not dialysis dependent were prospectively enrolled in this multinational study. Treating emergency physicians, initially blinded to all laboratory and acoustic cardiography results, estimated @entity712 probability from 0% to 100% on a visual analog scale. The emergency physician repeated the visual analog scale after acoustic cardiography results were provided. Physician diagnostic accuracy for and confidence in @entity712 were evaluated against a reference standard diagnosis, as determined by 2 independent cardiologists blinded to acoustic cardiography. @entity1 were followed through 90 days to determine the relationship of the S3 to adverse events. RESULTS: Nine hundred ninety-five @entity1 with acoustic cardiography results were enrolled from March to October 2006 at 7 US and 2 international sites. Median age was 63 years, 55% were @entity1 , and 44% were white. The reference diagnosis was @entity712 in 41.5%. After initial history and physical examination, the treating physician's initial sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for @entity712 as a possible diagnosis were 89.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85.5% to 91.8%), 58.2% (95% CI 54.0% to 62.2%), and 71.0% (95% CI 68.4% to 73.8%), respectively. Acoustic cardiography had an accuracy of 68% (95% CI 65.4% to 71.3%), sensitivity of 40.2% (95% CI 35.5% to 45.1%), and specificity of 88.5% (95% CI 85.5% to 90.9%). Emergency physician confidence and diagnostic accuracy were influenced by adding information about the presence or absence of S3. In a multivariable model, the S3 added no independent prognostic information for 30-day (odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI 0.67 to 2.14) or 90-day events (odds ratio 1.22; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.90). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with acute @entity1353 , the acoustic cardiography S3 was specific for @entity712 and affected physician confidence but did not improve diagnostic accuracy for @entity712 , largely because of its low sensitivity. Further, the acoustic cardiography S3 provided no significant independent prognostic information.

title: S3 detection as a diagnostic and prognostic aid in @entity341 @entity1 with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated heart failure']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10128 ( @entity10128 ) are associated with @entity302 and are amenable to surgical treatment. The @entity410 associated with @entity10128 originate within the @entity75 , but the responsible cellular mechanisms are unknown. Microelectrode patch-clamp recordings from @entity9595 neurons in resected slice preparations show that small @entity9595 neurons spontaneously fire with intrinsic pacemaker-like activity. We questioned whether spontaneous firing of @entity9595 neurons was present in situ, and we hypothesized that single-unit field recordings from @entity9595 tissue could be obtained with instrumentation passed through the endoscope before surgical resection. TECHNIQUE: After informed consent was obtained, @entity1 undergoing transventricular, endoscopic resection of an @entity9595 for intractable @entity302 were eligible for study. After placement of the endoscope, a bundled microwire (total of 9 contacts) was placed into the @entity9595 under direct visualization. Spontaneous activity was recorded for two or three 5-minute epochs, under steady-state general anesthesia. The wire was advanced 0.5 to 1 mm within the lesion between recording epochs. RESULTS: A total of thirteen 5-minute recordings were obtained from 5 @entity1 . Noise levels were comparable to extraoperative microwire recordings for @entity1315 . Single-neuron spike activity was isolated from a total of 5 channels obtained during recording of 3 sessions in 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We have shown that single-unit recordings from @entity9595 lesions can be successfully obtained in situ under direct endoscopic visualization. We believe that this is the first report using the working channel of a neuroendoscope to make physiological recordings of deep structures in @entity1 .

title: In situ single-unit recording of XXXX under endoscopic direct visualization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['gelastic seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HH lesion']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['HHs', 'Hypothalamic hamartomas']

answer: @entity10128 :: (MESH:C537158,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic hamartomas']


abstract: A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) had been developed and validated to determine the concentrations of BPR0L075 in @entity35 plasma. After a simple protein precipitation of plasma samples by @entity1626 , BPR0L075 was analyzed on a C(8) column at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 10 mM @entity6190 containing 0.1% @entity5189 and @entity1626 (20:80, v/v). Both BPR0L075 (analyte) and the internal standard (BPR0L092) were determined using electro-spray ionization and the @entity15 data acquisition was via multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in positive scanning model. The @entity15 / @entity15 ion transitions monitored are m/z 342.2/195.2 and 312.5/165.2 for BPR0L075 and BPR0L092, respectively. The low limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL. Each plasma sample was chromatographed within 5 min. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. A good linear relationship was observed over the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL (r>0.9994). Absolute recoveries ranged from 63.45 to 68.34% in plasma at the concentrations of 2, 40, 400, and 800 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 92.04 to 111.80%. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.08-3.29% and 1.96-5.46%, respectively. This developed and validated assay method had been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous injection of BPR0L075 in @entity35 at a dose of 5mg/kg.

title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of BPR0L075, a novel antimicrotuble agent, in XXXX plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ice for the control of @entity158 associated with chest tube @entity146 . The randomized and single-blinded study consisted of 40 @entity1 (20 in the control and 20 in the study group) who underwent thoracotomy with chest tube placement. The same general anesthesia protocol was used for all @entity1 , and the procedure was performed by the same surgery team. Procedures such as decortication and thoracic wall resection were not included in the study. Standard postoperative analgesic methods were applied to all @entity1 . Additionally, ice (in flexible and bendable cold gel packs wrapped in fine cloth sheaths) was applied to the chest tube insertion site at the 24th, 28th, 36th, and 40th postoperative hours for 20 minutes. To assess the effectiveness of ice application, Verbal Category Scale and Behavioral @entity158 Scale methods were used to measure the severity of @entity158 . Average @entity158 severity scores during the mobilization activities, including coughing and walking, were compared and found to be significantly lower in the study group @entity1 who received cold therapy than in the control group @entity1 (p < .05). Additionally, analgesic consumption was lower in the study group than in the control group @entity1 (p < .05). As a result, the application of ice to the chest tube insertion site reduced @entity158 associated with @entity146 along with the need for analgesics.

title: Evaluation of the outcomes of ice application for the control of XXXX associated with chest tube @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Remnant @entity356 have been extensively investigated; however, little has been unveiled the features of @entity356 with regard to the existence of @entity75 . We evaluated the clinicopathological features of @entity356 , after initial gastrectomy for both single and multiple @entity356 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 3,042 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy. Of these, total gastrectomy cases were excluded, and remaining 2,120 cases were investigated. RESULTS: Among the 2,120 @entity1 , 1,967 @entity1 were histopathologically diagnosed with solitary lesion and 153 @entity1 with @entity75 . The incidence of @entity356 was higher in @entity1 with @entity75 at initial surgery than those with solitary lesion (P < 0.05). Moreover, remnant @entity5 developed within shorter duration of follow-up after treatment of @entity75 compared to those that developed after treatment of solitary lesions (P = 0.05). Among the @entity1 treated for @entity75 , distance from the oral margin was a potential risk factor for the development of @entity5 in the remnant stomach. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity356 are more susceptible to the development of @entity5 in their remnant stomach. These @entity1 need careful follow-up after initial gastrectomy.

title: Clinical and histopathological features of XXXX , after gastrectomy for @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'synchronous multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous multiple gastric cancers', 'gastric cancers', 'remnant gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['remnant gastric cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cost-analysis comparing darbepoetin-alfa (DARB), @entity1307 -alfa ( @entity1307 -A), and @entity1307 -beta ( @entity1307 -B) for treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 in Belgium concluded that costs for DARB-treated @entity1 were significantly lower than costs for @entity1307 -A- or @entity1307 -B-treated @entity1 . The objective of the present study was to extend the Belgian analysis to Austria, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, estimating differences in costs between erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in each country. METHODS: Differences in epidemiology and treatment patterns between countries were adjusted using data from Eurostat, national @entity5 registries, IMS sales data, and reimbursement and treatment guidelines. Belgian unit costs were replaced with country-specific costs. Costs were analyzed using a mixed-effects model stratifying for propensity score quintiles. RESULTS: All populations were comparable to the Belgian population in terms of age, gender, ESA, and blood transfusions use. After adjusting for country-specific chemotherapy use and @entity5 incidence, total management costs per @entity1 ( @entity7634 , 2010) were 19-26% (France, Spain) lower with DARB compared with @entity1307 -A (p   <   0.0001) and 20-36% (Portugal, Austria) compared with @entity1307 -B (p   <   0.01). @entity417 -related costs with DARB were between 12% (Portugal; p   =   0.0235) and 38% (Italy; p   <   0.0001) lower compared with @entity1307 -A (p   <   0.01; all remaining countries), and between 13% (Austria; p   =   0.064) and 19% (Portugal; p   =   0.0028) lower compared with @entity1307 -B (p   <   0.05; all remaining countries except Italy; p   =   0.0935). LIMITATIONS: Not all differences could be accounted for by a lack of country-specific data; however, the potential under- and over-estimation of costs should be similar for all three ESAs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are in line with the Belgian analysis. In all countries, total and @entity417 -related costs were lowest in @entity1 receiving DARB vs @entity1307 -A or @entity1307 -B. This study demonstrates the feasibility of adapting real-life country-specific data to other settings, adjusting for differences in @entity1 ' characteristics and treatment strategies. These findings should be valuable in healthcare decision-making in oncology @entity1 treated in each of the countries studied.

title: Cost analysis: treatment of chemotherapy-induced XXXX with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in five European countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intra-tester reliability of @entity3493 more precisely, this study was designed. Event-related potential (ERP) is the result of endogenous brain response following cognitive stimulus. The @entity3493 component of the @entity1 ERP is a positive wave with a latency of 300 ms or greater. Our purpose of this study was to estimate reliability of @entity3493 latency and amplitude with 30 normal @entity1 without @entity542 , as well as to set up them as the reference values in the event that they would be found to be highly reliable. METHODS: ERP was performed at three separate times on 30 normal adults in their 20s and 30s. We measured @entity3493 latency and amplitude among ERP. RESULTS: @entity3493 latency show excellent reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.81. As to @entity3493 amplitude, reliability was good to fair with ICC of 0.53. Average value of @entity3493 latency was 311.3  37.0 ms, shorter than reference value of previous study in Korea. CONCLUSION: @entity3493 latency revealed higher reliability than @entity3493 amplitude, although reliability of @entity3493 was confirmed in both component. After further study including precise mechanism, influence factor on measurement and method standardization, it is expected to be an objective indicator to assess the cognitive state and predict prognosis.

title: The assessment of reliability of cognitive evoked potential in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although @entity2662 )-associated @entity1596 has been well recognized in Japan, related studies in Brazil are scarce. We performed a serologic survey for @entity2662 @entity281 among @entity1 with @entity1596 and investigated the ocular findings in @entity2662 -asymptomatic carriers. METHODS: One hundred ninety serum samples from @entity1 with @entity1596 of determined (n = 137) and undetermined origins (n = 53) being examined at the @entity1596 Service, University of S  o Paulo, S  o Paulo, Brazil, underwent testing using HTLV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and discriminatory Western blots. One hundred five asymptomatic blood donors and/or their relatives who were seropositive for @entity2662 (carrier group) and 105 age- and sex-paired blood donors who were seronegative for @entity2662 (control group) underwent ocular evaluation. For the statistical analysis, chi2 test was used. RESULTS: Only 1 @entity1 with @entity1596 was seropositive for @entity2662 , and she belonged to the group with @entity1596 of undetermined origin. Results of tear films were evaluated in 52 carriers. The prevalence of a decreased tear break-up time was significantly higher in the carrier compared with the control group (P = .02). Two carriers had @entity9849 sicca. Three of the 105 carriers exhibited mild @entity1596 (cells in the vitreous, retinal and choroidal infiltrates, @entity4816 , and bilateral @entity2038 ). Retinal pigmentary changes were found in both groups (no statistical difference). CONCLUSIONS: Early tear abnormalities may be present in asymptomatic carriers, and mild @entity1596 may be found among them. The relatively low seroprevalence of @entity2662 in the Brazilian population made it difficult to establish the real importance of @entity2662 -associated @entity1596 among our @entity1 with @entity1596 .

title: XXXX @entity281 and ocular manifestations in S  o Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['pars planitis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV- 1', 'HTLV-1', 'human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1']


abstract: The fluorescent reagent, @entity35730 , reacts specifically with @entity1433 of the purified @entity141 - @entity4430 of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, producing an increase of fluorescence of fluorescence intensity at 500 nm (lambda ex = 335 nm). The reaction is stoichiometric, and the increase of the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the number of blocked @entity1433 . Twelve reactive @entity1433 per 10(5) daltons of @entity4430 peptide fall into roughly three classes. Blocking of the most reactive @entity1432 entails little inhibition of enzyme activity. Blocking of the five @entity1433 reacting next (intermediate class) results in almost complete inhibition of both phosphorylated intermediate formation and @entity855 hydrolysis. The second order rate constants of the reaction of @entity1433 have been determined by stopped flow studies. The most reactive @entity1432 and the six least reactive @entity1433 can each be treated as a single class with respect to the rate constant; five @entity1433 of intermediate reactivity appear to have different rate constants (k2, k3, ..k6). Of these constants, k1, corresponding to the most reactive @entity1432 , does not change with [ @entity141 ]. Upon increasing [ @entity141 ] from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M, k2 increase and k7-12 decreases; the changes roughly parallel the activation of @entity4430 activity and the @entity141 binding to the high affinity alpha sites (Ikemoto, N. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7219-7224). Upon further increase of [ @entity141 ] k2 decreases and k7-12 increase, in parallel with the inhibition of @entity4430 activity and with the @entity141 binding to the low affinity gamma sites.

title: XXXX -controlled conformational states of the @entity141 transport enzyme of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

entities_list: @entity35730 :: ('MESH:C028374', 'Chemical') :: ['S-mercuric N-dansyl-cysteine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: We examined the roles of the PI3K- @entity1994 signalling pathway in fetal lung development. By Western blotting, phosphorylated @entity1994 (pAKT) was highly expressed in fetal days 12 and 14 with decreased expression thereafter. By immunohistochemistry, pAKT was expressed mainly in the respiratory epithelium of early fetal days. We examined the effects of @entity10305 ( @entity10305 ), PI3K inhibitors ( @entity2306 and @entity2307 ), MAPK inhibitor ( @entity4286 ) and both of @entity10305 and each inhibitor on lung morphogenesis, @entity1603 incorporation and apoptosis. In the @entity10305 -treated explants, the number of terminal buds and @entity1603 -labelled cells increased significantly, while the @entity2306 -, @entity2307 -, @entity4286 -treated explants demonstrated obvious decreases. The effects by @entity10305 were inhibited by @entity2306 , @entity2307 and @entity4286 . Regardless of the presence of @entity10305 , the @entity2306 -, @entity2307 - and @entity4286 -treated explants increased apoptosis revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labelling assay in the mesenchyme of the explants. At the same time, the effect of @entity2306 , @entity2307 , @entity4286 on expression of surfactant apoprotein C (SPC) were also studied. The @entity2306 and @entity2307 treatments showed decreased expression of SPC. These findings suggest that the PI3K- @entity1994 signalling pathway plays a pivotal role in @entity19 lung development through various biological processes.

title: PI3K- @entity1994 pathway mediates growth and survival signals during development of fetal XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The frequent concurrence of other cardiovascular risk factors in @entity101 @entity1 , such as @entity28 and @entity6 , suggests that overlapping genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the common metabolic and cardiovascular derangements observed in these populations. @entity101 and @entity4854 accelerate @entity731 in diabetics, and play an important role in associated morbidity and mortality. @entity4670 in blood pressure regulatory systems such as the renin-angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous system, and @entity1372 /volume control have been described in @entity6 . @entity1372 retention and @entity65 appear to occur early in the course of @entity6 , even at normal blood pressure levels and before onset of @entity177 , and could set the stage for the development of @entity101 . The relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 is also well-established, and may reflect metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations in @entity28 subjects which predispose to blood pressure elevations. @entity28 subjects display changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, @entity1372 metabolism, and vascular hemodynamics. @entity1372 -sensitive blood pressure responses in the @entity28 may be secondary to increased cardiac output or fluid volume, and are directly related to circulating insulin levels. Certain metabolic and vascular characteristics of @entity28 and @entity6 are found in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . It has been suggested that insulin and insulin resistance may be the common link between these risk factors. Improved understanding of metabolic considerations in the treatment of @entity28 and @entity101 should lead to more careful selection of medications that avoid metabolic complications. Although diuretics and beta-blockers may be useful in some @entity1 , there are several reasons not to recommend their use as initial therapy in @entity28 and @entity101 . On the other hand, @entity460 channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are highly effective, with minimal effects on metabolic parameters, and are well-suited as first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity28 and @entity101 .

title: Metabolic considerations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['Several abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive @entity167 consumption has been associated with adverse measures of health after elective surgery. However, associations of low/moderate consumption remain uncertain. QUESTION/PURPOSES: We determined differences among @entity1 with three different self-reported consumption levels in (1) preoperative/postoperative @entity1 -perceived outcomes and knee scores, (2) preoperative/postoperative changes in these scores, (3) preoperative demographics and comorbidities, and (4) length of stay (LOS) and inpatient charges. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 430 @entity1 (545 TKAs). Based on a self-administered consumption questionnaire, @entity1 were stratified into groups: (1) nondrinkers, (2) occasional drinkers, and (3) moderate drinkers. We compared the following variables between groups: demographics, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, preoperative and postoperative Quality of Well-being Index (QWB-7), SF-36 score, WOMAC score, Knee Society (KS) Score, @entity580 ( @entity580 ) knee score, LOS, and hospital charges. QWB-7, SF-36, WOMAC, KS, and @entity580 scores were compared adjusting for @entity1 characteristics. Minimum followup was 1 year (average, 3.4 years; range, 1-6 years). RESULTS: Preoperatively, compared to self-reported nondrinkers, moderate drinkers had better QWB-7, SF-36, and WOMAC scores. At followup, occasional and moderate drinkers had better KS function and @entity580 scores. However, nondrinkers had greater SF-36 general health improvement. Most nondrinkers were older, female, and Hispanic and had more comorbidities. Nondrinkers had a longer LOS. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported @entity167 consumption was more common among @entity1 and non-Hispanics. Moderate drinkers had better preoperative QWB-7, SF-36, and WOMAC scores and shorter LOS than nondrinkers. However, after surgery, self-reported abstainers achieved greater improvements in the SF-36 general health score.

title: Arthroplasty knee surgery and XXXX use: risk factor or benefit?

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital for Special Surgery', 'HSS']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']