abstract: A protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity1880 , induces excretion of laccase in @entity1980 . The lah-1 mutation results in excretion of a large amount of laccase even in the absence of @entity1880 . Ten mutations were induced that suppress derepressed excretion of laccase in the lah-1 mutant. Of these, seven second-site mutations were found to confer a laccase-noninducible phenotype, and were classified into two different complementation groups. Four mutations define a locus designated lni-1, found to be closely linked to ylo-1 on linkage group VI. The other three mutations were mapped to second locus, designated lni-2, that lies between nic-3 and thi-3 on linkage group VII. The lni-2 locus was shown to encode laccase by RFLP mapping of the DNA fragment encoding laccase and by transformation of the lni-2 mutant with plasmid pBL1 carrying the laccase gene (the locus encoding laccas is hereafter described as lacc). All lacc mutants examined (whether mutagen-induced or inactivated by repeat-induced point mutation) appeared to exhibit no phenotypic deficiency during both asexual and sexual cycles, suggesting that the laccase gene is dispensable in @entity1980 . Northern analysis of total cellular RNA from the four lni-1 mutants demonstrated that the lni-1 mutations abolish increased transcription of the laccase gene under inducing conditions. Consequently, the lni-1 locus is inferred to encode a trans-acting positive regulator required for transcriptional activation of the laccase gene in response to @entity1880 . Possible functions of the lah-1 gene are also described.

title: Isolation and characterization of mutants defective in production of laccase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['N. crassa', 'Neurospora crassa']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: The interaction between homologous C-type natriuretic peptide (dfCNP) and @entity2922 release in cardiovascular control was assessed in the marine dogfish ( @entity8575 ). This was accomplished by evaluation of the dynamics of the dfCNP-elicited secretion of @entity2661 in situ and in vivo. With an in situ saline-perfused postcardinal sinus preparation, it was demonstrated that perfusion with saline containing dfCNP (10(-9) mol x L(-1)) did not affect the secretion of either @entity1063 or @entity1425 . However, the presence of dfCNP in the perfusate significantly enhanced @entity5402 -evoked secretion of @entity1063 . In vivo, intravascular injection of dfCNP (10(-9) mol x kg(-1)) caused a biphasic pressor-depressor response consisting of a brief increase in caudal artery blood pressure (P(CA)) followed by a prolonged reduction in P(CA). Furthermore, although systemic resistance initially increased, it was subsequently maintained at baseline values in the face of persistent @entity998 . Bolus injection of dfCNP elicited significant increases in plasma @entity1063 levels that peaked within 10 min; plasma @entity1425 levels were unaffected. The release of @entity1063 elicited by dfCNP was unaffected by prior blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor @entity3593 ) or by pretreatment with the nicotinic receptor blocker @entity4033 . The delayed decrease in P(CA) was not observed in the @entity4033 -treated fish. Prior blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors (with @entity2778 ) or alpha-adrenoreceptors (with @entity3159 ) either significantly reduced ( @entity2778 ) or abolished ( @entity3159 ) the increase in plasma @entity1063 levels after dfCNP injection. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the elevation of plasma @entity1063 levels observed in vivo following dfCNP injection is not caused by a direct effect of dfCNP on @entity2922 secretion from axillary body chromaffin cells. Furthermore, the dfCNP-mediated increase of plasma @entity1063 appears to be unrelated to changes in P(CA) and is insensitive to blockade of the RAS or nicotinic receptors. However, stimulation of adrenergic receptors, in particular the alpha-adrenoreceptors, appears to be a key mechanism underlying the dfCNP-elicited secretion of @entity1063 .

title: The effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on @entity2922 release in the pacific @entity8575 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in both P(CA) and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity8575 :: ('7797', 'Species') :: ['Squalus acanthias']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity8575 :: (7797,Species) :: ['Squalus acanthias']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests a neuroprotective potential of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ). Only limited information about the passage of @entity2400 to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is available in neurosurgical @entity1 . However, with regard to the clinical relevance of @entity1760 's neuroprotective properties, quantitative data about its CSF passage are needed. The present study aims to assess the amount and the time course of @entity1760 's CSF passage in neurosurgical @entity1 . To this end, 20 @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia for neurosurgery and needing CSF drainage were included. @entity1 received an i.v. bolus of 60 mg/kg @entity2400 . The increase in plasma and CSF @entity1760 concentration were measured 30, 90, and 240 min after the end of the @entity2400 infusion. These values were compared with the baseline levels taken before the start of the @entity2400 infusion. Thus, each @entity1 served as his or her own control. Values are expressed as means +/- SD. The plasma @entity1760 levels were measured as follows: baseline, 0.74 +/- 0.12 mM; at 30 min, 1.24 +/- 0.1 mM (p < 0.01); at 90 min, 0.95 +/- 0.15 mM (p < 0.01), and at 240 min, 0.82 +/- 0.14 mM (p < 0.05). The CSF @entity1760 levels were measured as follows: baseline, 0.95 +/- 0.11 mM; at 30 min, 1.00 +/- 0.15 mM (NS); at 90 min, 1.10 +/- 0.17 mM (p < 0.01); and at 240 min, 1.13 +/- 0.19 mM (p < 0.001). We concluded that a bolus of 60 mg/kg of @entity2400 leads at least after 90 min to a significant increase in the CSF @entity1760 concentration. Moreover, the increase in plasma and CSF @entity1760 concentration is not parallel. Thus, plasma @entity1760 concentration cannot be used to predict the changes in CSF concentrations.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid passage of intravenous XXXX in neurosurgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: Over the past 12 years there have been 12 randomised control trials, involving 843 @entity1 , evaluating the effect of @entity3045 or @entity3045 on @entity5924 . Of these, nine (75%) showed that bronchodilators had no effect. In three studies a small transient improvement in the acute clinical score was seen. @entity13265 had no significant effect. There have been five recent randomised trials involving 225 @entity1 , evaluating the effect of nebulised @entity1425 ( @entity1425 ) on @entity5924 . All five (100%) have shown significant clinical improvement, with reductions in @entity26 requirement, respiratory rate and wheeze after nebulised @entity1425 . Two showed lower hospital admission rates and earlier discharge with @entity1425 . A significant improvement in pulmonary resistance was observed after nebulised @entity1425 but not after @entity3045 or @entity3045 . Currently there is no compelling evidence that bronchodilators have a role in the routine management of @entity1 with @entity5924 . There is better evidence for the use of nebulised @entity1425 .

title: Do bronchodilators have an effect on XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['Ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'albuterol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Free flap failure often results from @entity49 . The authors developed a @entity95 flap model of partial @entity432 and evaluated four monitoring devices in detecting partial and full venous compromise. METHODS: Nine skin flaps were elevated on their arteriovenous pedicles in @entity95 . The flap was assessed with quantitative Doppler of arterial inflow, transcutaneous @entity26 and @entity544 tension, near-infrared spectroscopy tissue @entity26 saturation, and scanning laser Doppler imaging. After a stable baseline was achieved, the outflow vein was subjected to partial and full @entity432 followed by release. RESULTS: Pedicle arterial flow decreased significantly from baseline (5.9 +/- 3.0 ml/minute) during partial (4.1 +/- 2.4 ml/minute; 30.5 percent; p < 0.01) and full obstruction (0.3 +/- 0.4 ml/minute; 94.9 percent; p < 0.01). All other measures changed significantly with full obstruction: transcutaneous @entity26 tension decreased by 79.6 percent; transcutaneous @entity544 tension increased by 69.0 percent; near-infrared spectroscopy tissue @entity26 saturation decreased by 35.7 percent; and scanning laser Doppler imaging decreased by 78.8 percent. Laser Doppler imaging was the only noninvasive device that decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with partial obstruction, from 222.8 +/- 77.3 units to 186.5 +/- 73.2 units (16.3 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The authors established a @entity432 and evaluated four clinically relevant monitoring devices during partial and full @entity432 . All devices detected full occlusion, but only scanning laser Doppler imaging and arterial Doppler detected partial occlusion. Scanning laser Doppler imaging monitoring may allow warning of impending @entity432 . Near-infrared spectroscopy tissue @entity26 saturation varied the least between flaps and therefore may be the most easily interpreted device for full @entity432 . Both characteristics are important for clinical application.

title: Monitoring partial and full venous outflow compromise in a XXXX skin flap model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion', 'venous obstruction', 'venous obstruction flap model']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess substance use before and after bariatric @entity353 ( @entity353 ). There is a paucity of research investigating the occurrence of substance use following bariatric @entity353 . It was hypothesized that @entity1 who underwent @entity353 would exhibit an increase in substance use (drug use, @entity167 use, and cigarette smoking) following surgery to compensate for a marked @entity393 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: A major urban community hospital. @entity1 : A total of 155 @entity1 (132 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ) who underwent @entity353 were recruited from a preoperative information session at a bariatric surgery center. INTERVENTION: @entity1 received either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 100) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery (n = 55). @entity1 completed questionnaires to assess eating behaviors and substance use at preoperative baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Substance use as assessed by the @entity146 Questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1 reported significant increases in the frequency of substance use (a composite of drug use, @entity167 use, and cigarette smoking, hereafter referred to as composite substance use) 24 months after surgery. Specifically, @entity1 experienced a significant increase in the frequency of composite substance use from baseline to 24 months after surgery (P = .02), as well as significant increases from 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months to 24 months after surgery (all P  <= .002). In addition, @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery reported a significant increase in the frequency of @entity167 use from baseline to 24 months after surgery (P = .011). The response rate to the survey was 61% at 1-month follow-up, 41% at 3-month follow-up, 43% at 6-month follow-up, 49% at 12-month follow-up, and 24% at 24-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 may be at increased risk for substance use following bariatric @entity353 . In particular, @entity1 who undergo laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery may be at increased risk for @entity167 use following @entity353 . Our study is among the first to document significant increases in substance use following @entity353 using longitudinal data.

title: Substance use following bariatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss surgery', 'WLS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Compulsive Behaviors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in food intake']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss surgery']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) (the ratio between hyperemic and baseline peak flow velocity), as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography during @entity859 infusion, allows detection of flow changes in the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) before and after stenting. BACKGROUND: The immediate post-stenting evaluation of CFR by intracoronary Doppler has shown mixed results, due to reactive @entity450 and microvascular stunning. Noninvasive coronary Doppler echocardiography may be a more reliable measure than intracoronary Doppler. METHODS: Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography during 90-s venous @entity859 infusion (140 microg/kg body weight per min) was used to measure CFR of the @entity3980 in 45 @entity1 before and 3.7 +/- 2 days after successful stenting, as well as in 25 subjects with an angiographically normal @entity3980 (control group). RESULTS: Adequate Doppler spectra were obtained in 96% of the @entity1 . Pre-stent CFR was significantly lower in @entity1 than in control subjects (diastolic @entity15650 .45 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.71, p < 0.01; systolic @entity15650 .61 +/- 1.02 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.68, p < 0.01) and increased toward the normal range after stenting (diastolic CFR: 2.58 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.75, p = NS; systolic CFR: 2.43 +/- 1.01 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.52, p = NS). Diastolic CFR was often damped, suggesting coronary steal in @entity1 with > or =90% versus <90% @entity3980 stenosis (0.86 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.69 +/- 0.43, p < 0.01). Coronary stenting normalized diastolic CFR in these two groups (2.45 +/- 0.77 and 2.64 +/- 0.69, respectively, p = NS), even though impaired diastolic CFR persisted in three of four @entity1 with > or =90% stenosis. @entity850 of the @entity3980 was better discriminated by diastolic (F = 49.30) than systolic (F = 12.20) CFR (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary flow reserve, as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, is impaired in @entity3980 ; it may identify @entity1 with > or =90% stenosis; and it normalizes early after stenting, even in @entity1 with > or =90% stenosis.

title: Assessment of flow velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and venous XXXX infusion before and after left anterior descending coronary artery stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['LAD disease', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonic motor function has not been studied in the ambulatory setting over a prolonged period in the unprepared state. Furthermore, the disturbance of this function in @entity1 with @entity322 is unknown. AIM: To study colonic function over two to three days in the ambulatory, unprepared state in health and in @entity1 with @entity322 . METHODS: Six healthy @entity1 and six @entity1 with @entity322 and a structurally intact anal sphincter ingested a dual radioisotope meal, and had a six sensor, solid state manometric probe colonoscopically inserted into the left colon. Scanning was performed until radioisotope left the gut and pressure was recorded for a median of 44 hours. RESULTS: Three of six @entity1 showed abnormal gastric emptying. @entity1 showed no disturbance of colonic radioisotope transit. Controls had a median of 12, whereas @entity1 had a median of 16, high amplitude propagated waves per 24 hours. In three @entity1 urge @entity322 was associated with high amplitude (up to 500 cm water) propagated waves which often reached the rectum. These high pressure waves were identical to those occurring in healthy subjects, the only difference being the lack of adequate sphincter response. Passive @entity322 was not associated with colonic motor activity. Defaecation in all subjects was associated with identical propagated waves, and distal movement of 13% (median) of right colonic content and excretion of 32% from the left colon and rectum. The urge to defaecate was associated with either propagated waves (45%) or non-propagated contractions (55%). Rectal motor complexes were recorded in both groups of subjects, but similar rhythmic activity was also recorded in the sigmoid and descending colon. CONCLUSIONS: Normal colonic function consists of frequent high pressure propagated waves. Rhythmic activity occurs both proximal to and in the rectum. Defaecation is characterised by high pressure propagated waves associated with coordinated anal sphincter relaxation. @entity1 with @entity322 may have a widespread disturbance of gut function. Urge @entity322 , an urge to defaecate, and defaecation can all be associated with identical high amplitude propagated pressure waves.

title: Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic faecal incontinence', 'faecal incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine whether @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1904 (PCT), and @entity41445 ( @entity41445 ) are markers of mortality in @entity1 admitted to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with suspected @entity281 . BASIC PROCEDURES: We conducted a prospective cohort in a university hospital in Medell  n, Colombia. @entity1 were admitted between August 1, 2007, and January 30, 2009. Clinical and demographic data and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment scores as well as blood samples for @entity1851 , PCT, and @entity41445 were collected within the first 24 hours of admission. Survival was determined on day 28 to establish its association with the proposed biomarkers using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. MAIN FINDINGS: We analyzed 684 @entity1 . The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment scores were 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 6-15) and 2 (IQR, 1-4), respectively. The median @entity1851 was 9.6 mg/dL (IQR, 3.5-20.4 mg/dL); PCT, 0.36 ng/mL (IQR, 0.1-3.7 ng/mL); and @entity41445 , 1612 ng/mL (IQR, 986-2801 ng/mL). The median @entity41445 in survivors was 1475 ng/mL (IQR, 955-2627 ng/mL) vs 2489 ng/mL (IQR, 1698-4573 ng/mL) in nonsurvivors (P=.0001). The discriminatory ability showed area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic for @entity41445 , 0.68; @entity1851 , 0.55; and PCT, 0.59. After multivariate analysis, the only biomarker with a linear relation with mortality was @entity41445 , with an odds ratio of 2.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-4.62) for values more than 1180 and less than 2409 ng/mL and an odds ratio of 3.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.38-6.62) for values more than 2409 ng/mL. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high levels of @entity41445 are associated with 28-day mortality in @entity1 with @entity281 or sepsis identified in the @entity341 .

title: D-dimer is a significant prognostic factor in XXXX with suspected @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and sepsis', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3591 , a potent long-acting dihydropyridine @entity460 antagonist, was compared with placebo in a parallel, randomized, double-blind study in 134 @entity1 with @entity5749 maintained on beta-adrenergic blocking agents. After a single-blind, two-week placebo period, @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3591 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg) or placebo once daily for four weeks. The effects of @entity3591 on maximal exercise time, work, time to @entity951 onset, and subjective indices including @entity951 frequency, @entity1242 tablet consumption, and @entity1 and investigator ratings were assessed. Each dose of @entity3591 produced increases in exercise time and calculated total work accomplished compared to baseline. Improvements at 5 and 10 mg were significantly greater than placebo which produced no significant change (p less than 0.05). Qualitative improvements in the severity of @entity951 were produced by @entity3591 at 5 and 10 mg daily assessed by @entity1 -rating questionnaires (p less than 0.05). Reductions in @entity951 frequency attacks per week and weekly @entity1242 tablet consumption occurred but were not statistically significant when compared with placebo. Adverse effects observed during @entity3591 treatment prompted discontinuation of treatment in only 2 out of 100 @entity1 . Three @entity1 discontinued treatment for reported lack of efficacy. No @entity854 prompted treatment discontinuation and minor side effects of @entity1296 , @entity390 , @entity10 , and fatigue were observed infrequently. The results of this controlled, large-scale multicenter trial suggest that @entity3591 significantly increased exercise capacity and was well tolerated when added to the antianginal regimen of @entity1 remaining symptomatic while receiving beta-blocking agents.

title: @entity3591 combined with beta blockade for chronic XXXX : results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine', 'Amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: A retrospective clinicopathological study was done including 175 T1-2 GI-II @entity150 @entity1 who all had transurethral resection or electrocoagulation as their initial treatment. Using interactive morphometry mean nuclear area (NA), mean standard deviation of nuclear area (SDNA) and the mean area of the 10 largest nuclei (NA10) were measured in the biopsies from primary @entity5 . The volume corrected mitotic index (M/V index) was estimated in the same sections. The histological grading was done according to WHO and clinical staging according to UICC. Progression in @entity150 was observed in 36 cases. The progression (T-category) was related to M/V index (p = 0.0039), non-papillar growth (p = 0.0249), histological grade (p = 0.0736) and SDNA (p = 0.1535) in that order. In a separate analysis of @entity5 NA10 showed predictive value (p = 0.0805) in addition to M/V index (p = 0.0067). Twenty-one @entity1 died of @entity150 and NA (p = 0.0069) as well as M/V index (p = 0.0984) predicted survival whereas other parameters had no substantial prognostic value. In a separate analysis of @entity5 NA (p = 0.0209) and M/V index (p = 0.0402) predicted survival. The recurrence rate or recurrence-free period could not be significantly related to histological parameters. The results suggest the use of these morphometric features in place for histological grading in prediction of T1-T2 @entity150 . In addition the results suggest the use of more aggressive therapy and more intensive follow-up programs for rapidly proliferating @entity5 as expressed by high mitotic activity.

title: Prediction of T1-2 XXXX ; evaluation by histoquantitative methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumours', 'tumours']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['GI-II transitional cell bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tranilast has been shown to inhibit @entity1810 -related @entity82 and organ failure in @entity66 models. We sought to examine the effects of tranilast on left ventricular (LV) remodelling @entity8447 . METHODS: Following coronary artery ligation, @entity35 were randomised to receive tranilast (300mg/kg/d, p.o.) or vehicle control over one of two treatment periods: (1) from 24h until seven @entity227 , (2) from seven days to 28 @entity227 . Cardiac tissue was harvested for molecular, immunohistochemical and cell culture analyses. RESULTS: Tranilast treatment of MI @entity35 from 24h until seven @entity227 reduced myocardial collagen content, a1 (I) procollagen, @entity1810 and @entity2528 mRNA transcripts, monocyte/macrophage infiltration and exacerbated @entity1188 expansion compared with vehicle-treatment. Delaying the commencement of tranilast treatment to seven @entity227 attenuated @entity296 , gene expression of a1(I) procollagen, a1(III) procollagen, fibronectin, @entity1810 and @entity2528 mRNA transcripts, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration at 28d compared to vehicle-treatment, without detriment to @entity1188 healing. @entity8447 also preserved LV @entity1188 size. In cultures of @entity35 cardiac fibroblasts, tranilast attenuated @entity1810 -stimulated fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION: Tranilast inhibits myocardial @entity1810 expression, @entity82 in @entity35 @entity8447 and collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. While tranilast intervention from 24h @entity8447 exacerbated @entity1188 expansion, delaying the commencement of treatment to seven @entity227 impeded LV remodelling.

title: Early and delayed tranilast treatment reduces pathological XXXX following myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['days post-MI']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'Extended post-MI']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: In the present study, we examined whether antihypertensive treatment of young and adult @entity101 @entity35 with the @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor @entity4687 could restore the baroreflex vagal deficit and whether this was related to prevention of @entity1283 . Spontaneously @entity101 (SHR), @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 (SHR-SP), and @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 were untreated or treated with @entity4687 (3 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water from 4-9 and from 14-20 weeks of age. Steady-state sigmoidal @entity551 ( @entity551 )-heart rate (HR) reflex curves were obtained in the conscious @entity35 by the injection of pressor and depressor agents before and after @entity2165 (vagal component). Increased left ventricle to bodyweight ratio (LV/BW) indicated @entity1283 . After ganglion blockade, the minimum @entity551 produced by @entity1854 and the maximum produced by @entity7202 were used as indications of vascular @entity1184 . @entity4687 treatment reduced cardiac and vascular @entity1184 to different extents in SHR and SHR-SP. The 4-9 and 14-20 week treatments reduced @entity551 and both minimum and maximum blood pressure of the SHR to the levels of the untreated WKY. However, only in the older animals was LV/BW restored. In the SHR-SP, early treatment had a much greater effect on vascular @entity1184 than on LV/BW. The reverse occurred for the 14-20 week animals. In untreated @entity101 animals the baroreflex curves were shifted to the right with reduced vagal HR range. @entity4687 treatment shifted the baroreflex curves back towards the WKY curves. Vagal HR range was strongly correlated with the LV/BW, whereas vagal HR range was less well related to the level of vascular @entity1184 or blood pressure. These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment can restore cardiac baroreflex function and that it is related to the reduction in @entity1283 . Although the mechanism of this relationship remains to be elucidated, these findings suggest that cardiac vagal afferents may be important.

title: Importance of cardiac, but not vascular, @entity1184 in the cardiac baroreflex deficit in spontaneously XXXX and @entity64 -prone @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or vascular hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity14822 at different times and to determine the influence of both the disease and corticosteroid therapy on @entity14822 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Lipid measurements were obtained in an inception cohort of 139 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1252 (114 females). Fasting levels of total @entity165 , @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 in the @entity1252 @entity1 were compared with those in age- and sex-matched control subjects. Disease activity levels and medication dosages were obtained at the time of lipid measurements. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, the mean levels of total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 were highest, whereas the mean levels of HDL @entity165 were lowest. The percentage of @entity1 with abnormal @entity412 values was highest at diagnosis, decreased at year 1, and then remained relatively constant thereafter. The mean total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 levels decreased at year 1 as compared with the time of diagnosis and then remained relatively constant. The lowest mean HDL @entity165 levels were found at the time of diagnosis, and these values rose with time. Comparison of lipid levels at different @entity229 dosages and disease activity levels revealed that changes in @entity412 levels were mainly associated with changes in disease activity, changes in both total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 levels were associated with changes in the @entity229 dosage and not disease activity, and low levels of HDL @entity165 were associated with active @entity1252 , whereas the @entity229 dosage was associated with increased levels of HDL @entity165 . CONCLUSION: Factors intrinsic to @entity1252 appear to alter lipid levels. Control of @entity1252 may be the most important factor in improving abnormal lipid profiles, and paradoxically, @entity229 therapy may improve abnormal lipid levels.

title: The complex nature of the interaction between disease activity and therapy on the lipid profile in @entity1 with pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The landmark Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of @entity712 (REMATCH) trial first demonstrated that implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as destination therapy (DT) can provide survival superior to any known medical treatment in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 who are ineligible for transplantation. In the present study, we describe outcomes of DT in the post-REMATCH era in the United States. METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study included 280 @entity1 who underwent HeartMate XVE LVAD implantation between November 2001 and December 2005. A preoperative risk score for in-hospital mortality after LVAD implantation was established in 222 @entity1 with complete data. All @entity1 were followed up until @entity204 or December 2006. The 1-year survival after LVAD implantation was 56%. The in-hospital mortality after LVAD surgery was 27%. The main causes of @entity204 included @entity295 , @entity712 , and @entity177 . The most important determinants of in-hospital mortality were poor nutrition, @entity1503 , markers of end-organ or right @entity67 , and lack of inotropic support. Stratification of DT candidates into low (n=65), medium (n=111), high (n=28), and very high (n=18) risk on the basis of the risk score calculated from these predictors corresponded with 1-year survival rates of 81%, 62%, 28%, and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate selection of candidates and timing of LVAD implantation are critical for improved outcomes of DT. @entity1 with advanced @entity712 who are referred for DT before major complications of @entity712 develop have the best chance of achieving an excellent 1-year survival with LVAD therapy.

title: Outcomes of left ventricular assist device implantation as destination therapy in the post-REMATCH era: implications for XXXX selection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'Congestive Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The clinical benefits of @entity2391 therapy in some @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 are still unexplained, raising the question whether polymorphism within the @entity2391 gene itself would provide an explanation. Screening the @entity2391 gene by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing, a single nucleotide polymorphism was identified. Both alleles were distributed with similar frequencies in @entity15 @entity1 and controls. Significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the IFN allele [153C] and allele [02] of the previously analyzed @entity13089 microsatellite (Epplen et al. Ann Neurol 1997; 41: 341-352) was observed in @entity15 @entity1 only, indicating a disease related haplotype. On the other hand an increased risk (RR = 12.41; Pc < 8 x 10(-5)) was observed for allele [07]. Hence the study was extended to neighbouring genes. Functionally relevant polymorphisms, i.e., premature stop codons in the @entity22503 [ @entity2569 20Stop] and @entity13089 [58Stop] genes and an aminoacid (aa) substitution [ile 184Arg] in the @entity13089 gene were analyzed. @entity1 carrying a non-functional @entity13089 allele bear an increased risk to develop @entity15 (RR = 25.68; Pc < 0.06). In addition, LD analysis between @entity22503 [ @entity2569 20Stop], @entity13089 [58Stop] and the @entity13089 microsatellite alleles provides evidence for @entity56800 , @entity56801 or @entity22500 as additional, most likely candidate genes. The present study excludes the @entity2391 gene as a candidate for @entity15 predisposition but provides first evidence for predisposing @entity13089 genes.

title: The interferon gene cluster: a candidate region for @entity15 predisposition? XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity2391 :: ('3456', 'Gene') :: ['IFNB', 'interferon (IFN) beta']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: Seventeen cases of @entity5011 aged between 14 month ans 7 years are studied from clinical, analytical and evolutives aspects. Neither sex nor season predominance occurs. Sixteen of the @entity1 had a previous viral or @entity2348 . Difficulty in walking was the main symptom at the onset of illness. Arreflexia and motot @entity912 were always symmetrical and ascending. Albumino-cytological dissociation in the C.S.F. was found in the whole group. An evolutive study was made of the recovery of movement, C.S.F. and tendon reflexes which occurred in this order except in two cases which showed abnormal evolution. We emphasize the extent and frequency of respiratory difficulties at the onset of illness. Some etiopathogenic aspects, the lack of specifity of the syndrome and the differences of the diagnosis with that of @entity3328 are commented. We point out the lack of effect of the corticosteroids treatment and the positive effects of phisiotherapy after the acute stage.

title: [ XXXX in childhood (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ["Guillain-Barr  's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barre's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This trial was conducted to determine the incidence of @entity410 associated with the use of @entity752 . METHOD: A total of 3341 @entity308 @entity1 from 102 sites were enrolled in this 8-week, prospective, open trial. Following the 8-week treatment phase, @entity1 could elect to enroll in a humanitarian continuation phase of unlimited duration. Dosing was initiated at 225 mg/day and increased to 450 mg/day as tolerated. Investigators carefully monitored @entity410 occurrences and rated their @entity1 ' response to and tolerance of @entity752 . RESULTS: A total of 1986 @entity1 (61%) completed the 8-week treatment phase, and 1616 (81%) of these elected to be maintained on @entity752 treatment in the humanitarian continuation phase. The observed @entity410 rate was 0.24% for the treatment phase and 0.40% for the entire study. An 8-week survival analysis performed on @entity1 with a dosing regimen of 300 to 450 mg/day yielded a cumulative rate of 0.36%. @entity1 , including those previously resistant to antidepressant treatment, responded to and tolerated @entity752 well. CONCLUSION: These rates confirm earlier @entity410 estimates and fall within accepted parameters for antidepressant drugs. This trial enhances @entity752 's position as a valuable alternative for the management of @entity308 .

title: A 102-center prospective study of XXXX in association with @entity752 .

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The clustering of factors characterizing the @entity1720 has not been assessed among Native Americans, a population at high risk for @entity6 and @entity65 . We examined the distribution and correlates of the @entity1720 among individuals in three Chippewa and Menominee communities in Wisconsin and Minnesota. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 488 @entity1 and 822 @entity1 ages > or = 25 years in the Inter-Tribal Heart Project (1992-1994) were included. The clustering of each individual trait ( @entity101 , @entity6 , high @entity1674 , and low HDL @entity165 ) with the other traits and the association of the number of traits with measures of adiposity and insulin levels were examined. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , 40.4, 32.6, 17.4, and 9.6% had none, one, two, or at least three of the four traits, respectively; among the @entity1 , the respective percentages were 53.2, 25.6, 15.3, and 6.0%. The percentage of individuals with each particular trait significantly increased (P < 0.01) among those with none, one, or at least two other syndrome traits. Having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P < 0.001) to higher BMI, conicity index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios. Among individuals with normal @entity413 levels, having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P < or = 0.05) to higher fasting insulin levels after adjusting for age and measures of adiposity, although associations were attenuated with adjustment for either BMI or waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Traits characterizing the @entity1720 were found to be clustered to a significant degree among Native Americans in this study. Comprehensive public health efforts are needed to reduce adverse levels of these risk factors in this high-risk population.

title: Prevalence and correlates of the XXXX among Native Americans. The Inter-Tribal Heart Project.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']


abstract: AIM: Abdominal surgery evokes powerful biological responses that affect gastrointestinal functions. Here we investigate the role of the @entity25883 ( @entity9774 ) and @entity4645 ( @entity4665 ) isoforms in post-operative duodenal ileus. METHODS: Proximal duodenum of anesthetized @entity35 was perfused in situ with @entity2421 (50 mM) @entity1219 . Mucosal @entity3157 secretion, motility, mucosal permeability and effluent osmolality were determined in the absence and presence of different COX inhibitors. RESULTS: The majority of control animals had no or few duodenal contractions and @entity3157 secretion averaged 10.9 +/- 1.4 micromol cm(-1) h(-1). These ' @entity8442 ' controls responded to @entity2421 @entity1219 with a small increase in mucosal permeability. In control animals exhibiting spontaneous duodenal contractions, the @entity3157 secretion was 50% higher and the @entity2421 -induced net increase in mucosal permeability sevenfold higher than in ' @entity8442 ' controls. Treatment with the selective @entity4665 inhibitors @entity13586 or @entity14340 induced duodenal motility, increased @entity3157 secretion and potentiated the @entity2421 -induced increase in mucosal permeability. @entity4665 -inhibited animals had a twofold greater capacity to adjust luminal osmolality than ' @entity8442 ' controls. The selective @entity9774 inhibitor @entity16539 only transiently stimulated motility and @entity3157 secretion and the @entity2421 -induced increase in mucosal permeability was smaller than in @entity4665 -inhibited animals. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal surgery increases the synthesis of @entity2918 , particularly via the @entity4665 isoform. This compromises the ability of the duodenum to contract and to secrete HCO and to adjust luminal osmolality possibly via altered mucosal permeability. It is proposed that studies of gastrointestinal functions in animals subjected to abdominal surgery should include animals pre-treated with a @entity4665 inhibitor.

title: Products of XXXX depress duodenal function in @entity35 subjected to abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic', 'isotonic or hypotonic', 'hypotonicity']

answer: @entity4645 :: (29527(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: The clinical courses of 60 @entity1 with @entity2698 of the somatic soft tissues are summarized in this retrospective study. The @entity5 were subjected to a comparative histologic review and classified as benign (12 lesions), borderline malignant (16 lesions), and malignant (32 lesions). Tumors with 1 mitotic figure per 10 high-power field and moderate cellular anaplasia or 1 mitotic figure per 20 high-power fields and moderate cellular anaplasia may be expected to follow a malignant clinical course. Six of the 16 @entity5 with these microscopic features (borederline lesions) metastasized (37.5%), and 6 exhibited local recurrences after excision. Of the 32 @entity5 , 25 (78%) metastasized. Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity5 were followed for more than 5 years or until death from @entity5 , and only one @entity1 was alive and free of disease. Fifteen of the 23 @entity1 experienced one of more local recurrences. None of the @entity5 metastasized. Surgical ablation of hemangiopericytioma is, in our experience, the only satisfactory method of treatment. Amputation of an extremity need be done only when the location of the lesion precludes a wide local excision. Local recurrent @entity5 was experienced by 22 @entity1 after an inadequate local excision. Long-term follow-up is recommended because metastasis became apparent in 11% of @entity1 with @entity5 and 7% with borderline @entity5 after 5 "disease-free" years.

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic study and long-term followup of 60 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['Hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: The role of the observer in the reliability of the Dutch Discomfort Scale- @entity303 of @entity195 (DS-DAT). The Discomfort Scale of @entity303 of the @entity195 (DS-DAT) is an instrument to assess discomfort in severely demented @entity1 . No data on the reliability of assessment using a Dutch translation were available. In this paper, we analyse the role of the observer in the reliability of rating. This is of importance for studies in which many physicians perform multiple assessments. Twenty-eight nursing home physicians in training rated the DS-DAT in five nursing home @entity1 with @entity303 presented on videotape. This was repeated after five months. All the physicians were previously trained in the use of the instrument. The results were statistically analysed using random effects analysis of variance. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.74 for inter-observer reliability and 0.97 for intra-observer reliability. Variance between subsequent assessments was small, but physicians appeared to differ somewhat among themselves in the way they rated the videotaped @entity1 . A future complete reliability assessment of rating the DS-DAT in clinical practice would involve @entity1 variation as well, scoring @entity1 in clinical practice.

title: [The role of observer for the reliability of Dutch version of the Discomfort Scale- @entity303 of XXXX (DS-DAT)].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Type']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer Type']


abstract: The incidence of @entity281 in clean surgery (i.e. surgery with no major contamination of the operative site) should be less than 2%, although the incidence of @entity86 can be higher in @entity1 with various risk factors (namely insertion of foreign bodies, a compromised immune status or prolonged duration of surgery). Although antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the incidence of @entity86 in clean surgery, there is still no consensus regarding its use in this area. However, for clean surgical procedures that involve implantation of foreign material, grafts or prosthetic devices, prophylaxis is well accepted and justifiable, since this practice is indicated when the benefits exceed the expected risks. @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci are responsible for 70 to 90% of wound infections in this type of surgery. First and second generation cephalosporins are considered the drugs of choice for surgical prophylaxis. @entity7048 and other cephalosporins have good tissue penetration but poor coverage against @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci. The frequency with which @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci have been recovered in nosocomial infections has increased steadily during recent years. This provides a rationale for the use of alternative antibiotics, such as the glycopeptides ( @entity2176 and @entity11248 ), for prophylaxis in clean surgery in hospitals where the prevalence of @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci is high. The effectiveness and tolerability of @entity11248 as prophylaxis for orthopaedic surgery involving joint replacement were analysed in 4 randomised controlled trials. Two compared @entity11248 with @entity5503 , while the others compared @entity11248 with either @entity2261 or @entity7048 . The overall early wound @entity281 rates (within 3 months) in these studies were 1.1% for @entity11248 and 1.7% for the comparator cephalosporin. The overall late @entity281 rate was 0.2% for both treatment groups. Adverse events were attributed to the drug in 1% of @entity1 in both treatment groups. Therefore, on the basis of these trials, single dose @entity11248 is as efficacious and as well tolerated as multiple dose cephalosporin regimens for prophylaxis in prosthetic joint surgery.

title: XXXX -resistant staphylococci in clean surgery. Is there a role for prophylaxis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['Methicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solid @entity5 (SPNs) are rare @entity5 of the exocrine @entity788 . Although they can develop @entity3 , the prognosis is good. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of these @entity5 attended in our hospital. @entity1 AND METHOD: All cases of @entity5113 in the database of the Pathology Department between 1991 and 2010 were included. Age, sex, symptoms, type of surgery, pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, and clinical evolution were analyzed. RESULTS: Six cases were identified; all of them were @entity1 with a median age of 27.5 years. One @entity1 presented haemoperitoneum, 2 @entity490 and 3 were diagnosed incidentally. The most frequent localization was the pancreatic tail (n=4) and the median size was 7.7 cm. Four @entity5 were @entity189 . One of them had liver and lymph node @entity3 . Ki-67 proliferation index was low (1-3%). After a median follow-up of 33.5 months, all @entity1 were alive and without evidence of relapse. CONCLUSION: SPNs occur in young @entity1 . In most cases surgical resection is curative. A low mitotic index confers a good prognosis and a long survival.

title: [Pseudopapillary solid @entity5 of the XXXX : report of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'pseudopapillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['benign and 2 carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: There are a large variety of @entity935 agonists available. Especially de novo @entity1 are treated with @entity935 agonists to avoid @entity910 . @entity935 agonists can be subdivided into @entity4086 and non- @entity4086 derivatives. This distinction raises the question whether there are differences in the effects to treat symptoms, not only in the side effects between the individual @entity935 agonists but also between these two groups. @entity4088 is now considered a second line drug because of its particularly high tendency towards @entity340 . Some authors claim that all @entity4086 -derivatives may cause this problem, while own results do not necessarily support this view. We recommend performing echocardiography on those @entity1 being treated with an ergot-derivative. New data support the view that all dopaminergic drugs may cause @entity2147 and that there is no preference for non-ergots. It may be that the number of gamblers is slightly higher among @entity1 treated with @entity399 than in others. @entity935 agonists with a high affinity to D3 receptors have a good anti-anhedonic potency. In cell culture all @entity935 agonists studied so far show neuroprotective properties in cell culture. The introduction of a slow-release formulation for @entity25049 and the @entity26742 and @entity30303 patches have opened new ways of continuous @entity935 receptor stimulation. Taken together, @entity935 agonists show individual properties and there are differences between ergot and non-ergot derivatives.

title: @entity4086 and non- XXXX derivatives in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

entities_list: @entity26742 :: ('MESH:C047508', 'Chemical') :: ['rotigotine']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['Pergolide']

entities_list: @entity4086 :: ('MESH:D004873', 'Chemical') :: ['ergoline']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity4086 :: (MESH:D004873,Chemical) :: ['ergoline']


abstract: Essential @entity400 (ET) is one of the most common @entity717 of adults, characterized by postural and kinetic @entity400 . It often causes embarrassment and more rarely serious disability, requiring treatment. To assess the current state of knowledge on ET therapy and produce recommendations based on the analysis of evidence the authors reviewed the literature regarding pharmacologic and surgical therapies, providing a quality assessment of the studies and the strength of recommendations for each treatment. A committee of experts selected clinical-based questions to guide the search. A systematic literature review was performed to identify all the studies conducted on @entity1 with ET published until September 2010. Articles were classified according to GRADE evidence profile, a system for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation based on the quality of the studies. The quality of evidence was often rated as "low" or "very low" for the studies analyzed. @entity1169 , long-acting @entity1169 , @entity8821 , and @entity1771 are recommended as first-line therapy, with restrictions for their side effects. @entity10699 , @entity2778 , @entity10342 and LI 32.468 (experimental drugs), @entity10315 , @entity2682 , @entity1401 , @entity1088 , and @entity1037 are recommended as a second-line treatment. Botulinum toxin type A and thalamic deep-brain stimulation are recommended for refractory ET. The results highlight the need of well-designed direct comparison trials aimed at evaluating relative effectiveness and safety of the drugs currently used in clinical practice. Furthermore, additional controlled clinical trials are required to define other possible treatment strategies for ameliorating the management of ET.

title: Treatment of essential XXXX : a systematic review of evidence and recommendations from the Italian @entity717 Association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity10699 :: ('MESH:C024523', 'Chemical') :: ['Arotinolol']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: It is accepted universally that the treatment of critical left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is surgical revascularization. This study was designed to evaluate @entity3979 as a risk factor in coronary artery bypass surgery. We compared the surgical results of 760 @entity1 with critical @entity453 , including 58 cases who were operated under emergency conditions (LMCA-em) and 702 @entity1 who were operated electively (LMCA-el), with randomly chosen 707 coronary bypass @entity1 (CONT-el) without @entity453 , but who had double- or @entity66 . Another group of @entity1 (n = 99) who were operated on under emergency conditions (CONT-em) but without @entity453 were also compared with the corresponding groups. The mortality of LMCA-em group and CONT-em group was markedly higher from the other two groups. Univariate analysis revealed that female gender, older age, presence of @entity6 , poor left ventricular function, and the presence of unstable @entity951 were major risk factors for fatal outcome in LMCA-el and CONT-el groups. Age was also a risk factor in LMCA-em group, as well as unstable @entity951 . The coexistence of critical right @entity453 did not affect the early outcome in both groups with @entity453 . In the multivariate analysis, critical @entity453 was not a risk factor for mortality. Logistic regression analysis revealed @entity6 [odds ratio (OR): 3.66], poor left ventricular function (higher left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, OR: 1.08), and emergent operations (OR: 5.09) were risk factors for early mortality. @entity1 with @entity453 should have surgery promptly for favorable results, because emergency conditions have higher mortality rates.

title: Is left main XXXX a risk factor for early mortality in coronary artery surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['critical LMCA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['LMCA lesions', 'coronary artery disease', 'LMCA disease']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity1593 ( @entity1050 +) have an increased incidence of @entity1374 , which improves on a gluten-free diet ( @entity1050 -). We investigated whether @entity8265 -2 IgA antibodies (anti- @entity23429 II) present in sera of @entity1 with @entity1593 react with thyroid tissue and possibly contribute to @entity1374 . METHODS: Serum from 40 active celiac @entity1 taken before a gluten-free diet ( @entity1050 +), 46 @entity1 on a gluten-free diet ( @entity1050 -), 40 normal controls (NC), and 25 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) was used. All sera were screened for antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-AB) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-AB), and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed on primate thyroid tissue sections using TPO-AB- and TG-AB-negative sera. RESULTS: IIF with thyroid seronegative, anti- @entity23429 II-positive @entity1050 + sera (n = 23) demonstrated staining of thyroid follicular cells and extracellular matrix, in an identical pattern with monoclonal anti-human @entity23429 II antibody. Evidence of @entity23429 II as the antigen in thyroid tissue was supported by elimination of the IIF pattern when sera were depleted of anti- @entity23429 II by pretreatment with @entity1 recombinant @entity23429 II. No staining of thyroid tissue was observed when sera from @entity1050 + @entity1 that were negative for @entity23429 II antibodies, or sera from NC subjects were used. Thyroid antibodies were found in 43% of @entity1050 + @entity1 , significantly higher than NC and @entity30 @entity1 (p < 0.0001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between anti- @entity23429 II and TPO-AB titers (p = 0.0001; r = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity23429 II antibodies bind to @entity23429 II in thyroid tissue, and titers correlate with TPO antibody titers. These findings suggest that anti- @entity23429 II antibodies could contribute to the development of @entity1374 in @entity1593 .

title: @entity8265 antibodies in individuals with XXXX bind to thyroid follicles and extracellular matrix and may contribute to @entity1374 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'active celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CROHN', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of @entity1311 plus @entity902 -based chemotherapy in the treatment of extraovarian peritoneal serous @entity1377 (EPSPC) and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Only the @entity1 treated with initial surgery plus postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and having FIGO stage IIIC disease with omental and/or peritoneal involvement were analyzed. Thirty-two @entity1 with EPSPC and 43 with @entity43 were included in this study. The median age, mean CA-125, and volume of @entity8056 were higher in @entity1 with EPSPC. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to other prognosticators. The median overall survival (OS) durations were 30 months (95% CI 24.8-35.3) in @entity1 with EPSPC and 28 months (95% CI 21.1-34.9) in those with @entity43 (P= 0.35). The 3-year OS rates in the @entity1 and controls were 28% and 31%, respectively (P= 0.84). In @entity1 with EPSPC, only optimal cytoreduction was significantly related to progression-free survival and OS durations as a prognostic factor. In the EPSPC group, 65.5% of the @entity1 (19/29) had lymphatic involvement, compared to 88.4% (38/43) in the @entity43 group (P= 0.02). As an adjuvant therapy, the @entity1311 plus @entity902 -based combination regimen had similar effects on survival in the EPSPC and @entity43 groups.

title: Long-term survival after @entity1311 plus XXXX -based combination chemotherapy for extraovarian peritoneal serous @entity1377 : is it different from that for @entity43 ?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian serous papillary cancer', 'OSPC']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: AIM: To explore the reasons some healthy older New Zealanders support medical practices that hasten @entity204 . METHODS: Recruitment was from the Voluntary Euthanasia Society of New Zealand (VESNZ), an organisation that supports legal medical assistance in dying. All @entity1 were members of VESNZ. 106 individuals returned signed consent forms. All interviews took place in the @entity1 's home. After 11 interviews, saturation of information was reached and interviewing was stopped. RESULTS: An important finding of this study indicates that healthy, older individuals who support medical practices that hasten @entity204 have serious concerns about their (perceived) future incapacities and dependency on others, as well as their fears around becoming a burden. The study also found that fear of future @entity158 was not a dominant reason to support medical assistance to die. CONCLUSION: Our study provides confirmation that the fear of being a burden on others is not only felt by those facing their imminent mortality, but also by older individuals who are currently healthy and living independently in the community. We also conclude that for some older @entity1 their prior experiences with health care and dying may be a strong factor in influencing and supporting medical practices that hasten @entity204 at the end of life. We believe it is crucial to understand the reasons why @entity1 support medical practices that hasten @entity204 well in advance of such practices ever becoming legally available.

title: "I wouldn't want to become a nuisance under any circumstances"--a qualitative study of the reasons some healthy older individuals support medical practices that hasten XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: This review highlights some of the research advances in @entity2021 ; @entity56 to foods, drugs, and insects; and allergic @entity272 that were reported in the Journal in 2012. Studies support an increase in peanut @entity566 prevalence in @entity1 and exposure to the antibacterial agent triclosan and having @entity6682 ( @entity6682 ) loss-of-function mutations as risk factors for food sensitization. The role of specific foods in causing @entity5202 is elucidated by several studies, and microRNA analysis is identified as a possible noninvasive disease biomarker. Studies on @entity5419 diagnosis emphasize the utility of component testing and the possibility of improved diagnosis through stepped approaches, epitope-binding analysis, and bioinformatics. Treatment studies of @entity5419 show promise for oral immunotherapy, but tolerance induction remains elusive, and additional therapies are under study. Studies on @entity2021 suggest an important role for platelet-activating factor and its relationship to the need for prompt treatment with @entity1425 . Insights on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated drug @entity566 are offered, with novel data regarding the interaction of drugs with HLA molecules. Numerous studies support influenza vaccination of @entity1 with egg @entity566 using modest precautions. Evidence continues to mount that there is cross-talk between skin barrier defects and immune responses in @entity1 with @entity483 . Augmentation of the skin barrier with reduction in skin inflammatory responses will likely lead to the most effective intervention in @entity1 with this common @entity272 .

title: Advances in @entity272 , XXXX , and @entity56 to foods, drugs, and insects in 2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The durability of @entity340 and risk factors for recurrent @entity338 ( @entity338 ) and reintervention in single-ventricle @entity1 are not well defined. METHODS: Among 66 single-ventricle @entity1 who underwent AVV repair between 1998 and 2011, 58 hospital survivors (88%) were retrospectively reviewed. Freedom from recurrent @entity338 and reintervention were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors for recurrent @entity338 , @entity67 , and reintervention were analyzed using regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant (more than mild+) @entity338 developed in 47 @entity1 (81%) during mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 0.2 to 103 months). Freedom from significant @entity338 was 23.8% at 1 year and 16.9% at 5 years. Reintervention was performed in 12 @entity1 (26%) at a mean of 24 months (range, 2 to 64 months) after the initial repair. Freedom from reintervention was 92.3% at 1 year and 75.3% at 5 years. There were 11 late deaths (19%). Predictors for recurrent @entity338 included repair at stage II (p=0.020) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (p=0.014). Predictors for reintervention included valvuloplasty as a repair technique (p=0.013), cardiopulmonary bypass time (p=0.002), aortic cross-clamp time (p=0.003), and significant residual intraoperative @entity338 (p=0.012). Intraoperative @entity67 (p<0.001), aortic cross-clamp time (p=0.005), and cleft as the mechanism of regurgitation (p=0.023) predicted postrepair @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: Although significant @entity338 developed in most @entity1 within 1 year of repair, the need for repeat valve repair is relatively low if ventricular function is preserved. Ventricular function after repair did not predict late survival but was related to the longevity of AVV competence and subsequent risk for reintervention.

title: Longevity and durability of @entity340 in single-ventricle XXXX .

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['AVV regurgitation', 'AVVR']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve (AVV) repair']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this review was to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of yoga on symptoms of @entity161 , quality of life, function, and hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and IndMED were screened through August 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing yoga to usual care or non-pharmacological interventions were analyzed when they assessed symptoms or quality of life in @entity1 with @entity161 . Cognitive function, social function, hospitalization, and safety were defined as secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Five RCTs with a total of 337 @entity1 were included; 2 RCTs had low risk of bias. Two RCTs compared yoga to usual care; 1 RCT compared yoga to exercise; and 2 3-arm RCTs compared yoga to usual care and exercise. No evidence was found for short-term effects of yoga compared to usual care on positive symptoms (SMD = -0.58; 95% CI -1.52 to 0.37; P = 0.23), or negative symptoms (SMD = -0.59; 95% CI -1.87 to 0.69; P = 0.36). Moderate evidence was found for short-term effects on quality of life compared to usual care (SMD = 2.28; 95% CI 0.42 to 4.14; P = 0.02). These effects were only present in studies with high risk of bias. No evidence was found for short-term effects on social function (SMD = 1.20; 95% CI -0.78 to 3.18; P = 0.23). Comparing yoga to exercise, no evidence was found for short-term effects on positive symptoms (SMD = -0.35; 95% CI -0.75 to 0.05; P = 0.09), negative symptoms (SMD = -0.28; 95% CI -1.42 to 0.86; P = 0.63), quality of life (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI -0.27 to 0.61; P = 0.45), or social function (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI -0.27 to 0.67; P = 0.41). Only 1 RCT reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found only moderate evidence for short-term effects of yoga on quality of life. As these effects were not clearly distinguishable from bias and safety of the intervention was unclear, no recommendation can be made regarding yoga as a routine intervention for @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Yoga for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Virtually all the literature on @entity542 has focused on the outcome prediction of severe and mild @entity542 and very few studies have been dedicated to @entity1 sustaining moderate @entity542 . AIM: To identify the @entity1 following moderate @entity542 who may die, develop severe disability or significant cognitive and @entity146 on the first day of injury itself. SETTING: Tertiary teaching hospital. DESIGN: Prospective study divided into two groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 85 @entity1 whose @entity772 scale score were 9-12 and who had isolated moderate @entity542 . Among the above @entity1 a preliminary prospective study was conducted in first group of 64 @entity1 using 7 clinical factors, 18 neuro-behavioral sequel and CT brain data in prediction of outcome with moderate @entity542 . From the results obtained in the above study three statistically significant factors were identified and a mathematical model was developed and used prospectively in the next 21 @entity1 and its accuracy was evaluated. STATISTICAL METHODS USED: Multiple regression analysis and Kendall's tau non- parametric test using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 11-5-version) were used to find out the predictive factors. RESULTS: Results of these @entity1 showed combination of CT scan brain data, verbal response and neurological signs could provide a reliable prediction in moderate @entity542 . CONCLUSION: Based upon the above results a mathematical model was developed giving a value for the above-mentioned factors. The mathematical model was "CT brain data x (Verbal response + Neurological Signs)". Its overall accuracy when used on the day of admission was around 80%.

title: A mathematical model for predicting the outcome in moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: To investigate the genetic variability of @entity4155 , @entity29716 , @entity4452 and @entity14283 genes on an in-depth phenotypically characterized northern Italian @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) case-control cohort, in search for associations specific to different @entity5144 clinical sub-phenotypes. We examined 118 @entity1 with @entity5144 according to CASPAR criteria (mean age 57    13, female 38.4 %, mean disease duration 13.9    8.6 years, @entity1897 83.8 %, axial manifestations 34.5 %, @entity66 49 %) compared with 248 controls of the same ethnic origin matched for age and sex. The presence of @entity66 was defined by the clinical axial involvement and/or the presence of radiological alteration consistent with @entity5145 according to New York criteria. The presence of @entity1897 ( @entity625 and/or @entity4932 ) was defined only on clinical basis. A total of 40 SNPs, mapping within the genes mentioned above, were genotyped in both groups and used to perform association analyses by subdividing the @entity5144 sample into subgroups according to different clinical manifestations on the basis of axial and peripheral involvements. No differences between @entity1 and controls were found in the distribution of the @entity4155 , @entity29716 , @entity4452 and @entity14283 genes allelic variants. Comparing @entity1 with @entity66 versus those without, we found that axial manifestations were significantly associated with the presence of @entity14283 @entity52564 GG homozygosity (26.8 % vs. 5.3 %, p corr = 0.019, OR 2.63 [95 % CI 1.13-6.16]). No differences in distribution of the allelic variants were found comparing @entity1 with versus those without @entity1897 or @entity1 with versus without radiological @entity1897 . In PA @entity1 of northern Italian origin, @entity4155 , @entity29716 , @entity4452 and @entity14283 genes allelic variants are not associated with disease susceptibility. However, a strong association with the IL-23RA @entity52564 GG genotype is associated with axial involvement of the disease.

title: @entity4452 , @entity14283 , @entity4155 and XXXX polymorphisms in different @entity5144 clinical manifestations in the northern Italian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['radiological erosive disease', 'axial disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'Psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral disease', 'peripheral erosions']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

answer: @entity29716 :: (23765,Gene) :: ['IL-17R']


abstract: Multidrug transporters of the @entity855 -binding cassette family play an important role in regulating drug distribution and efflux in the brain, owing to their selective distribution in microvessels and choroid plexus. Their expression pattern and cellular distribution remain controversial, in part due to technical difficulties in localizing these membrane proteins in closely associated cells, such as endothelial cells and astrocytic end-feet at the blood-brain barrier. Here, we used high-resolution immunofluorescence staining with cell-type specific markers to investigate the distribution of major @entity855 -binding cassette transporters in @entity19 brain. We report that four @entity855 -binding cassette transporters, @entity21651 , @entity25808 , @entity14016 and @entity56592 can be detected in brain endothelial cells, forming three distinct layers, with @entity21651 and @entity56592 being located on the luminal side, @entity25808 on the abluminal (basal) side, and @entity14016 in between. @entity14017 and @entity678 were undetectable. In choroid plexus, only @entity25808 , @entity14016 and @entity14017 were detected, again with a differential distribution. @entity25808 was targeted basolaterally in epithelial cells, @entity14016 was restricted to endothelial cells, and @entity14017 was co-localized with zonula occludens-1 at tight junctions. Analysis of @entity678 (0/0) and @entity25808 (0/0) @entity19 , generated in the FVB strain, revealed no major alteration in expression of the remaining transporters. An unexpected strain difference was unraveled, with wildtype FVB @entity19 selectively lacking @entity14016 protein in brain, but not liver. In conclusion, these results indicate that @entity855 -binding cassette transporters provide multiple penetration barriers in the blood-brain barrier and choroid plexus, with a selective cellular and subcellular distribution, emphasizing their potential role for drug resistance in @entity16 , such as @entity302 .

title: Differential, strain-specific cellular and subcellular distribution of multidrug transporters in XXXX choroid plexus and blood-brain barrier.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of sexual dimorphism in @entity130 outcomes suggest that @entity1 have a survival advantage compared to equivalently injured @entity1 . It is unknown if this gender disparity is mediated by potentially life-threatening complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine (1) if there is a sex-based differences in the odds of developing @entity532 after @entity130 , and (2) if are these complications associated with @entity204 among @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Review of adult @entity130 @entity1 admitted to hospitals in the National @entity130 Data Bank that report complications. @entity1 and @entity130 were adjusted using multiple logistic regression and the independent effect of sex on developing complications and associated mortality was determined. RESULTS: A total of 681,730 adult @entity1 met the inclusion criteria of hospital admission > or =3 days. @entity1 demonstrated a 21% lower adjusted risk of @entity204 compared to males (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83). Females had decreased adjusted odds of developing life-threatening complications including @entity55 , acute @entity649 , @entity810 and @entity1151 . However, when compared to males with life-threatening complications, females with complications were found to be at greater risk of dying. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity1 are less likely than @entity1 to develop @entity532 , suggesting that the survival advantage among @entity1 after @entity130 may involve a reduced susceptibility to developing life-threatening complications.

title: Females have fewer complications and lower mortality following XXXX than similarly injured males: a risk adjusted analysis of adults in the National @entity130 Data Bank.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity covariates', 'traumatic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The development of clinically-applicable quantitative methods for the analysis of brain @entity2862 -18 @entity38396 desoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET) images is a major area of research in many @entity16 , particularly @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Region of interest visualization, evaluation, and image registration ( @entity26096 ) is a novel commercially-available software package which provides automated partial volume corrected measures of volume and @entity413 uptake from @entity419 PET data. We performed a pilot study of @entity26096 analysis of brain @entity419 PET images for the first time in a small cohort of @entity1 with @entity195 and controls. Brain @entity419 -PET and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on 14 @entity195 @entity1 and 18 age-matched controls. Images were subjected to @entity26096 analysis, and voxel-based analysis using SPM5. Volumes by @entity26096 were 35% lower than MRI volumes in @entity195 @entity1 (as hypometabolic regions were excluded in @entity26096 -derived volume measurement ) while average @entity26096 - and MRI-derived cortical volumes were nearly identical in control population. Whole brain volumes when @entity26096 -derived and whole brain metabolic volumetric products (MVP) were significantly lower in @entity195 and accurately distinguished @entity195 @entity1 from controls (Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves 0.89 and 0.86, respectively). This diagnostic accuracy was similar to voxel-based analyses. Analysis by @entity26096 of @entity419 -PET images provides a unique index of metabolically-active brain volume, and can accurately distinguish between @entity195 @entity1 and controls as a proof of concept. In conclusion, our findings suggest that @entity26096 may serve as a useful quantitative adjunct to visual or regional assessment and aid analysis of whole-brain metabolism in @entity195 and other neurologic and @entity146 .

title: Feasibility of estimation of brain volume and 2-deoxy-2-(18)F-fluoro-D-glucose metabolism using a novel automated image analysis method: application in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the long-term outcome after operations for open aortic valvotomy, specifically looking at the preservation of the native aortic valve. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2011, 34 neonates with critical @entity472 underwent open valvotomy. The mean age at operation was 15 days (range, 1 to 28 days). Follow-up was 100% complete. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died early. The probability of survival was 91.2%, with a mean follow-up of 11 years (range, 10 months to 21 years). Event-free survival was 77%, 68%, 68%, and 57% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively, and freedom from aortic valve replacement was 93%, 83%, 68%, and 57%. Tricuspid valve morphology revealed the best outcome, with event-free survival of 90% (p = 0.006) and 100% freedom from aortic valve replacement (p = 0.0012) at 20 years of follow-up. All but 4 @entity1 were in New York Heart Association class I; 77 % of all @entity1 were without medication. CONCLUSIONS: In neonates, predictable and consistent long-term results can be accomplished by open valvotomy in any type of valve morphology, even in an asymmetric arrangement. Operative repair not only offers a 90% survival benefit in the long-term but also preserves the native aortic valve in most @entity1 . Clearly superior results were achieved in tricuspid valve morphology, in which there was no need for aortic valve replacement at 20 years of follow-up.

title: The long-term outcome of open valvotomy for critical XXXX in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: Redox-active compounds modulate @entity143 receptors (NMDARs) such that reduction of NMDAR redox sites increases, and oxidation decreases, NMDAR-mediated activity. Because NMDARs contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity410 , redox-active compounds also may modulate @entity410 activity. We report that the oxidant @entity8865 ( @entity8865 ) and the redox cofactor @entity31937 ( @entity31938 ) suppressed low @entity1025 -induced @entity302 in vitro. Additionally, in slices exposed to 4-7 microM @entity1027 , @entity8865 and @entity31938 reversed the potentiation of evoked @entity302 by the reductants @entity3902 and @entity48076 ( @entity48076 ). @entity143 -evoked whole-cell currents in @entity1249 neurons in slices were increased by @entity48076 and subsequently decreased by @entity8865 or @entity31938 at the same concentrations that modulated @entity302 . However, @entity8865 and @entity31938 had little effect on baseline @entity143 -evoked currents in control medium, and @entity31938 did not alter NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation. In contrast, in slices returned to control medium after low @entity1025 -induced ictal activity, @entity8865 significantly inhibited NMDAR-mediated currents, indicating endogenous reduction of NMDAR redox sites under this @entity558 . These data suggested that @entity31938 and @entity8865 suppressed spontaneous ictal activity by reversing pathological NMDAR redox potentiation without inhibiting physiological NMDAR function. In vivo, @entity31938 decreased the duration of chemoconvulsant-induced @entity410 in @entity35 pups with no effect on baseline behavior. Our results reveal endogenous potentiation of NMDAR function via mass reduction of redox sites as a novel mechanism that may enhance epileptogenesis and facilitate the transition to @entity159 . The results further suggest that redox-active compounds may have therapeutic use by reversing NMDAR-mediated pathophysiology without blocking physiological NMDAR function.

title: Novel role for the @entity143 receptor redox modulatory site in the pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic condition']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5, 5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)", 'DTNB']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform responses', 'epileptiform activity', 'hippocampal epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity48076 :: ('MESH:C080938', 'Chemical') :: ['TCEP', 'Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine']

entities_list: @entity31937 :: ('MESH:D045542', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrroloquinoline quinone']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: Recurrent or induction therapy-resistant @entity981 carries a grave prognosis. The combination of AMSA at 100 mg/M2 daily for 5 days and @entity2879 at 200 mg/M2 daily for the first 3 days of therapy was given to 40 @entity1 with refractory @entity981 . An additional 17 @entity1 received those two agents plus @entity2591 at a dosage of 250 mg/M2 on days 4 and 5. All three drugs were given as one-hour infusions. All @entity1 had normal electrolyte determinations daily and were on cardiac monitors during the period of drug administration. No @entity943 were detected in 522 doses of AMSA. @entity137 observed were primarily related to myelosuppression. Forty-nine of the 57 @entity1 required hospitalization for suspected or proven infection. @entity390 / @entity391 and @entity33 were the next most commonly occurring @entity137 . Responses were seen in 22 @entity1 .

title: XXXX trials of amsacrine (AMSA) and @entity2879 +/- @entity2591 (AZ) in childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ): a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['azacitidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: It has been well established that inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) are classified into two types based on whether they receive inputs from slowly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors ( @entity6723 ) or not. Inspiratory neurons with SAR inputs are called Ibeta and the others are called Ialpha neurons. In this study, we identified a novel group of inspiratory neurons in Nembutal-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially-ventilated @entity35 . (1) These DRG inspiratory neurons were activated characteristically by @entity358 . (2) They were orthodromically activated by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve at a low intensity just above the threshold for afferents from @entity6723 or rapidly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (RARs). (3) The orthodromic latencies (ranged from 1.9 to 2.5 ms) indicated that they receive direct inputs from low-threshold vagal afferents. (4) Unlike Ibeta neurons, they hardly responded to lung inflation and never exhibited tonic firing in response to maintained lung inflation. (5) The majority (92%) of them were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord. These @entity528 clearly form a distinct group, and their firing pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that they receive inputs from RAR afferents as well as the central inspiratory drive. The results indicating that DRG inspiratory neurons are classified into at least three groups provide new insights into the organization and role of the DRG.

title: Identification of XXXX in the dorsal respiratory group of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['deflation-sensitive inspiratory neurons']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung deflation']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['deflation-sensitive inspiratory neurons']