abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the pars plana @entity726 valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) implant combined with pars plana vitrectomy and panretinal photocoagulation for the management of @entity2297 in @entity1 with @entity548 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 18 eyes of 17 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2297 who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy and pars plana Ahmed valve implant were evaluated. The @entity1 were observed for a mean time of 14.2 months (range, 6 to 28 months). RESULTS: Mean preoperative intraocular pressure with oral and two or three topical antiglaucoma medications was 53.3 +/- 10 mm Hg, and mean postoperative intraocular pressure without oral antiglaucoma medications was 16.3 +/- 7.1 mm Hg (P < .0001) at the final visit. Overall success rate was 72.2%, defined as an intraocular pressure of 5 to 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medication. A postoperative @entity101 phase occurred in 7 @entity1 (38.8%), of which all but one responded to medical therapy. Visual acuity was stabilized or improved in 77.7% of the eyes. There was one case of each of the following adverse events: mild vitreous @entity548 , @entity8814 , @entity1143 , epiretinal membrane, @entity3279 , and corneal @entity1066 . Two cases developed @entity1907 bulbi and lost light perception. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy and Ahmed valve implantation seems to be a viable surgical modality in the management of @entity2297 and coexisting posterior segment pathology with a relatively low rate of serious permanent @entity260 .

title: Pars plana Ahmed valve implant and vitrectomy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal effusion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cavity hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Ahmed glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity2297 :: (MESH:D015355,Disease) :: ['neovascular glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to identify additional preoperative factors that could reliably be used to aid in determining the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy. DESIGN: retrospective chart review. SETTING: tertiary care academic hospital. @entity1 : two hundred consecutively treated @entity1 who underwent thyroid surgery after having a fine-needle aspiration biopsy procedure yielding a specimen that met the criteria for atypical cytologic features. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: final histopathologic diagnosis of @entity5 . RESULTS: the final diagnosis was benign in 42.5% of @entity1 and malignant in 57.5%. The presence of microcalcifications within the nodule on ultrasonography (US) was significantly associated with a higher risk of @entity5 (relative risk = 1.31, P = .04). When examined individually, age, sex, family history of thyroid @entity5 , exposure to head and neck irradiation, nodule size, rim enhancement on US, and intranodular vascularity on US were not significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity5 . Mulivariate stepwise logistic regression modeling was used to identify a model that could reliably predict a higher probability of @entity5 . The final model determined that @entity1 with microcalcifications on US and a nodule of 2.0 cm or larger had a 74.3% risk of @entity5 vs a 47.5% risk in @entity1 with no microcalcifications and a nodule smaller than 2.0 cm. This difference was statistically significant. When the predicted probabilities of @entity5 were compared with the observed probabilities, the goodness-of-fit test revealed no significant difference (P = .95). CONCLUSION: microcalcifications and nodule size can be used to risk-stratify @entity1 with an atypical fine-needle aspiration biopsy result and aid in determining the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy.

title: Decision making for the extent of thyroidectomy in the XXXX with atypical cytologic results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant vs benign disease', 'malignant disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy has remarkable success rates for the cure of @entity1 affected by @entity189 ; local control rates are similar to surgery with lower morbidity and better functional results. Our aim was to determine local-regional control rates, overall survival, second @entity5 incidence, @entity137 and prognostic factors in our series of T1 @entity5 @entity1 with radiation doses of 60 to 66 Gy. Functional results were not sufficient for statistical analysis. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out of all T1N0 @entity189 treated with radiation therapy between 1996 and 2006. To be eligible, @entity1 had to have newly diagnosed @entity5 and had to be treated with a curative intent by radiation therapy alone. Ninety-eight @entity1 satisfied the eligibility requirements: 85 @entity1 had T1a disease; 13 @entity1 were staged as T1b. Treatment was performed for all cases with a 6 megavoltage linear accelerator. The total dose prescribed varied from 60 to 66 Gy: 2 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction/day, 5 fractions/week. During treatment, a weekly clinical evaluation was performed; endoscopic examination was performed once every two weeks. After the treatment, a clinical, endoscopic and radiological follow-up was performed every three months for the first two years, every 6 months till the fifth year, and then once a year. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 41.5 months (range, 10-132; mean, 56.8), we registered 12 cases of local failures; 8 of them were successfully treated with salvage surgery (median time to relapse, 3-48 months). The local relapse rate was 12.2%, and disease-specific survival, taking into account salvage surgery, was 6%. Thirty-four deaths were registered: 2 for local progression, 2 for distant @entity3 , 4 for a new primary @entity5 , and 26 for non-neoplastic causes. Five- and 10-year overall survival were respectively 85.8% and 69.4%. Four cases of @entity2 were detected in the upper aerodigestive tract in our series. In terms of @entity137 , no grade 3-4 @entity1909 , @entity1282 or @entity7374 occurred. Mild @entity1909 and @entity4 were the most common causes of @entity137 . Only one @entity1 did not complete the treatment (60 Gy instead of the planned 66 Gy). CONCLUSIONS: Our series confirmed the primary role of radiation therapy for the cure of T1N0 @entity5 . Outcomes were good in terms of local-regional control as well as overall @entity137 . Radiation therapy can be offered to T1 @entity5 @entity1 as a valid alternative to surgery, with high rates of functional preservation.

title: Outcomes of radiation therapy for T1 XXXX from an Italian regional series with doses ranging from 60 to 66 Gy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'acute-late toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['arythenoid edema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinomas', 'glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 with semantic @entity303 show a specific pattern of impairment on both verbal and non-verbal "pre-semantic" tasks, e.g., reading aloud, past tense generation, spelling to dictation, lexical decision, object decision, colour decision and delayed picture copying. All seven tasks are characterised by poorer performance for items that are atypical of the domain and "regularization errors" (irregular/atypical items are produced as if they were domain-typical). The emergence of this pattern across diverse tasks in the same @entity1 indicates that semantic memory plays a key role in all of these types of "pre-semantic" processing. However, this claim remains controversial because semantically impaired @entity1 sometimes fail to show an influence of regularity. This study demonstrates that (a) the location of @entity75 and (b) the underlying nature of the @entity51 affect the likelihood of observing the expected relationship between poor comprehension and regularity effects. We compared the effect of multimodal @entity73 in the context of semantic @entity303 and @entity64 @entity2026 on the seven "pre-semantic" tasks listed above. In all of these tasks, the semantic @entity2026 @entity1 were less sensitive to typicality than the semantic @entity303 @entity1 , even though the two groups obtained comparable scores on semantic tests. The semantic @entity2026 group also made fewer regularization errors and many more unrelated and perseverative responses. We propose that these group differences reflect the different locus for the @entity73 in the two conditions: @entity1 with semantic @entity303 have degraded semantic representations, whereas semantic @entity2026 @entity1 show deregulated semantic cognition with concomitant executive deficits. These findings suggest a reinterpretation of single-case studies of comprehension-impaired aphasic @entity1 who fail to show the expected effect of regularity on "pre-semantic" tasks. Consequently, such cases do not demonstrate the independence of these tasks from semantic memory.

title: "Pre-semantic" cognition revisited: critical differences between semantic @entity2026 and semantic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['semantic impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['semantic deficit']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if microfracture is successful in treating @entity75 of the shoulder. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral practice. @entity1 : From June 2005 to November 2006, eight @entity1 underwent shoulder arthroscopy with arthroscopic microfracture to treat full-thickness @entity75 of less than 4 cm(2) size. The study group consisted of six @entity1 and two @entity1 . The mean age at surgery was 37 years (range: 27-55 years). One @entity1 (12.5%) had an isolated @entity154 and seven @entity1 (87.5%) had associated conditions treated simultaneously: two @entity1 had arthroscopic subacromial decompressions, two had capsular plications for multidirectional instability, and three had anterior stabilization done (one with an associated superior labrum anterior to posterior repair and one with repair of a small rotator cuff tear). Five @entity1 had humeral head defects and three had @entity154 . INTERVENTION: Microfracture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Constant score and Oxford score. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 15.4 months, with a range of 12-27 months. The mean preoperative Constant score was 43.88 (range: 28-70) and at final follow-up the mean Constant score was 90.25 (range: 85-100); this difference was significant (P<0.005). The mean preoperative Oxford score was 25.75 (range: 12-37) and the mean postoperative Oxford score at final follow-up was 17 (range: 11-27); the difference was significant (P<0.005). There were no complications. Two @entity1 underwent reoperation which allowed assessment of the lesion; in both cases the lesions showed good filling with fibrocartilage. CONCLUSION: Microfracture has been shown to be a reliable method of treatment for @entity75 within the knee. We believe that this technique may also be applied to the shoulder; however, further study is required to assess its efficacy in this joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Microfracture of XXXX of the glenohumeral joint.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid defects', 'chondral defect']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['chondral lesions']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity542 frequently have evidence of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and @entity63 neuronal damage at autopsy. @entity2656 has been used clinically to reduce @entity428 with varying success, and it is possible that it is more effective in some types of @entity542 than in others. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of @entity2656 on @entity428 , cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity1 with severe @entity542 , and to discover if these effects differed in different @entity130 . Measurements of CPP, @entity428 , and CBF were made in 55 @entity1 with severe @entity542 . In general, the resting level of CBF was higher in @entity1 with @entity131 (mean 50.2 ml/100 gm/min) than in those with focal injury (mean 39.8 ml/100 gm/min). @entity2656 consistently reduced @entity428 and increased CPP and CBF by 10 to 20 minutes after infusion. The lowest flows (31.8 ml/100 gm/min) were recorded from the most damaged hemispheres of @entity1 with focal @entity130 and @entity428 . The baseline levels of flow did not correlate with @entity428 , CPP, Glasgow @entity772 Scale score, or outcome. Only four of the 55 @entity1 had a CBF of less than 20 ml/100 gm/min in either or both hemispheres. The few low CBF's in this and other studies may reflect the steady-state conditions under which measurements are made in intensive care units, and that these @entity1 have entered a phase of reperfusion.

title: Effect of @entity2656 on cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'types of injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate feasibility, diagnostic performance, @entity1 acceptance, and overall examination time of CT colonography (CTC) performed through rectal administration of iodinated contrast material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-hundred asymptomatic subjects (male:female=270:330; mean 63 years) undergoing CTC for @entity14 screening on an individual basis were consecutively enrolled in the study. Out of them, 503 @entity1 (group 1) underwent CTC with rectal tagging, of which 55 had a total of 77 @entity1049 . The remaining 97 @entity1 (group 2) were randomly selected to receive CTC with oral tagging of which 15 had a total of 20 @entity1049 . CTC findings were compared with optical colonoscopy, and per-segment image quality was visually assessed using a semi-quantitative score (1=poor, 2=adequate, 3=excellent). In 70/600 @entity1 (11.7%), CTC was performed twice with both types of tagging over a 5-year follow-up @entity5 screening program. In this subgroup, @entity1 acceptance was rated via phone interview two weeks after CTC using a semi-quantitative scale (1=poor, 2=fair, 3=average, 4=good, 5=excellent). RESULTS: Mean per-polyp sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CTC with rectal vs oral tagging were 96.1% (CI95% 85.4  99.3%) vs 89.4% (CI95% 65.4  98.1%), 95.3% (CI95% 90.7  97.8%) vs 95.8% (CI95% 87.6  98.9%), 86.0% (CI95% 73.6  93.3) vs 85.0% (CI95% 61.1  96.0%), and 98.8% (CI95% 95.3  99.8%) vs 97.2% (CI95% 89.4  99.5%), respectively (p>0.05). Polyp detection rates were not statistically different between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). Overall examination time was significantly shorter with rectal than with oral tagging (18.3  3.5 vs 215.6  10.3 minutes, respectively; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Rectal @entity1496 tagging can be an effective alternative to oral tagging for CTC with the advantages of greater @entity1 acceptance and lower overall examination time.

title: CT colonography with rectal XXXX tagging: Feasibility and comparison with oral tagging in a @entity14 screening population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: The intermolecular interactions and microscopic miscibility of the lipid bilayers of single component and binary mixtures with high content of @entity1718 were investigated by 2H- and 31P-NMR for @entity2434 (PC), @entity3633 (PE), @entity3634 (PG) and @entity6894 (CL). Their @entity653 backbones were selectively deuterated by biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. Deuterium quadrupole splittings and @entity3151 chemical shift anisotropies provided the consistent information for the molecular miscibility of each phospholipids. PE was found to be completely miscible with PG and CL. Since deuterium quadrupole splittings and @entity3151 chemical shift anisotropy are identical for two components in the mixed bilayer, the dynamic structure from the @entity653 backbone to @entity1391 group should be uniform in the binary mixture of these phospholipids. In contrast to PE, PC was not fully miscible with PG and CL at molecular resolution. The dynamic structure from the @entity653 backbone to @entity1391 group is different for two components in the binary mixed bilayers. In the case of the mixed bilayers of PC and PE, both phospholipids are microscopically immiscible with each other. Thus, while PE, PG and CL can adapt to a new situation to form a uniform dynamic structure in mixed bilayers, PC has no ability for adaptation. The molecular miscibility in lipid bilayers was shown to depend on the molecular species and the nature of the molecular interactions. The biological significance of this result was discussed.

title: Molecular miscibility of @entity2434 and XXXX in binary mixed bilayers with acidic phospholipids studied by 2H- and 31P-NMR.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity3633 :: (MESH:C483858,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']


abstract: As described previously (I. Kijima-Suda et al., @entity5 Res., 46: 858-862, 1986), a sialyltransferase inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2',3'-isopropylidene-5'-O-(4-N-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-3,6,7,8-tetra -O- acetyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-D-glycero-alpha-D-galactooctapyranosyl)ur idine ( @entity16716 ), inhibits pulmonary metastasis of @entity19 @entity694 26 sublines of high (NL-17) and low (NL-44) metastatic potential. To investigate the mechanism of this inhibition, the effect of @entity16716 on the metastatic cascade, especially on the interaction between @entity5 cells and platelets which may play a crucial role in @entity5 cell metastasis, was examined. NL-17 cells induced irreversible @entity1423 in heparinized @entity1 platelet-rich plasma in vitro. This activity was reduced by pretreatment of the @entity5 cells with @entity16716 . Inhibition of aggregation was also induced by the treatment of @entity5 cells with neuraminidase or Limax flavus agglutinin, a lectin specific for @entity3167 . @entity3167 , @entity3953 , @entity16717 , and @entity291 submaxillary mucin inhibited this @entity5 cell-induced @entity1423 , while @entity3649 , @entity3913 , @entity1132 , alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and asialo- @entity291 submaxillary mucin did not. @entity16716 also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-dependent growth of NL-17 cells, but showed no effect on insulin or @entity6354 -dependent growth of the @entity5 cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced phosphorylation of membrane protein was reduced by treatment of NL-17 cells with @entity16716 . The same result was obtained in the neuraminidase-treated membrane fraction of NL-17 cells. These results suggest that @entity16716 inhibits experimental @entity5 cell metastasis by inhibiting the interaction between @entity5 cells and host platelets in at least two pathways, and this may be due to a reduction of @entity3167 contents of the membrane surface of @entity5 cells.

title: Possible mechanism of inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of @entity19 XXXX 26 sublines by a @entity3167 : nucleoside conjugate.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['Sialic acid', 'sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16717 :: ('MESH:C000020', 'Chemical') :: ['sialyllactose']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether clinical presentations and risk factor profiles differ between periventricular @entity1188 (PVI) and arterial presumed perinatal @entity385 (APPIS). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 59 @entity1 with presumed perinatal @entity385 (PPIS) from the SickKids @entity1 's @entity64 Program who were carried to term (63% @entity1 ). SETTING: Single tertiary care center subspecialty program. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 had validated magnetic resonance imaging classification to define PVI and APPIS subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical presentations, times to parental and physician concern, age at diagnosis, and standardized risk factor evaluations including maternal, fetal, obstetrical, neonatal, and prothrombotic variables. @entity1 with PVI and APPIS were compared using chi(2) or Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum or Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 (20%) had PVI and 47 (80%) had APPIS. Median parental concern was 5 months, with delays to physician concern (7 months) and diagnosis (12 months). Delays were longer in PVI cases compared with APPIS (P = .002). Most presented with asymmetrical motor development but @entity1 with APPIS were more likely to present with @entity410 or nonmotor delays (P = .01). @entity1 with APPIS were more likely to have acute perinatal risk factors (66% vs 17%; P = .002) including fetal distress, emergency caesarian section, or neonatal resuscitation. Cardiac evaluations were unremarkable. @entity854 were common (44%) including @entity4889 , @entity4555 , and elevated factor IX but were comparable between APPIS and PVI subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of PPIS is often delayed. The association of acute perinatal risk factors with APPIS compared with PVI supports distinct timing of these diseases. Prospective, case-control risk factor studies of PPIS subtypes are required to develop prevention strategies.

title: Risk factors and presentations of periventricular @entity1188 vs arterial presumed perinatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Prothrombotic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The number of serious devastating @entity4858 caused by violent crimes or transport accidents is growing. The @entity1 are mostly young @entity1 and the preserving of the eye, especially its function is often difficult. From June 2000 to March 2003, 4 eyes of 3 @entity1 (aged 16-23 years) with extraordinary serious devastating penetrating @entity130 were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology in Pilsen. One eye was enucleated because of serious laceration of the whole globe and eyelids at the initial treatment. In three eyes, a pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) with inner @entity1346 tamponade was performed after the initial treatment of the penetrating and eventually exiting site. In all vitrectomized eyes a pars plana lensectomy (PPL) was performed, at the time of @entity2286 in one eye, and in two eyes subsequently. When the eyes were stabilized, and the retina was attached, the @entity1346 oil was removed in two eyes. The visual acuity before the surgery decreased to uncertain light projection, and in two eyes of one @entity1 , we were not able to detect the visual acuity because of the unconsciousness of the @entity1 . The follow-up period was 3 months to 2 years; all three eyes are aphakic, and the central visual acuity improved in two eyes to 6/6-9 (20/20-30 or 1.0-0.66) with the aphakic correction or with the contact lens, in one eye with the @entity1346 eye remained the visual acuity is 6/60 (20/200 or 0.1). Even as the prognosis in such @entity1 is unfavorable, in some cases good functional results may be obtained. The basic precondition for successful reconstruction of the seriously injured eye is meticulous primary treatment. For salvage of visual functions, there are often necessary repeated surgeries on the anterior as well as posterior segment of the eye. Their good timing and adequate technique may rapidly decrease the risk of complications after the injury and/or after the surgery respectively.

title: [Is it possible to sucessfully treat severe penetrating XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and the receptor for @entity1421 (EP receptor) are key factors contributing to the generation of @entity1931 caused by @entity32 . The current study was designed to investigate the roles of @entity1421 and @entity10571 receptors in the spinal cord in the development and maintenance of @entity158 , using behavioral, microdialysis, and intracellular @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) assays. METHODS: Inflammation was induced by an injection of carrageenan into the plantar surface of the @entity35 hind paw. The effects of @entity32 were evaluated at the time points of 3 h (early phase) and 15 h (late phase) after carrageenan injection. In behavioral assays, withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli were evaluated. The effect of an intrathecally administered selective @entity10571 antagonist, @entity21346 , on the carrageenan-induced @entity1931 was examined. Using a spinal microdialysis method, @entity1421 concentration in the spinal dorsal horn was measured. In [ @entity141 ]i assays, we measured [ @entity141 ]i in the spinal dorsal horn in transverse spinal slices and examined the effects of pretreatment with @entity21346 . Sensitivities of the changes in [ @entity141 ]i to @entity1421 perfusion were also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1931 and paw @entity4 were observed in both the early and late phases. The @entity1931 was inhibited by intrathecal @entity21346 in the late, but not early, phase. The concentration of @entity1421 in the spinal dorsal horn increased in the late phase. The [ @entity141 ]i in the dorsal horn increased on the ipsilateral side to the @entity32 in the late, but not early phase. This increase was suppressed by the pretreatment with @entity21346 . Magnitude of the increase in [ @entity141 ]i on the ipsilateral side in response to @entity1421 perfusion was greater in the late phase than in the early phase. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that activation of spinal @entity10571 receptors was crucial in the carrageenan-induced @entity1931 in the late phase. It seems that some of the mechanisms underlying @entity32 -induced plastic changes are mediated by time-dependent increase in @entity1421 concentration, activation of @entity10571 receptors, and increase in [ @entity141 ]i in the spinal dorsal horn.

title: Role of prostaglandin receptor XXXX in the spinal dorsal horn in carrageenan-induced @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'Mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity10571 :: (25637(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['EP1']


abstract: AIMS: The effect of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on depressive mood, @entity148 - and suicide-related outcomes is unclear. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the relationship between abstinence status and these outcomes. DESIGN: Cohort of adult smokers attempting to stop smoking. Smoking status was assessed by a daily diary; depressed mood, @entity148 and suicidal tendencies by the @entity308 ( @entity308 ). The association of complete and point-prevalence abstinence with the @entity308 variables was assessed using multi-level linear regression models. SETTING: Randomized trial of @entity3756 versus placebo for smoking cessation with weekly behavioural support provided in a clinic. @entity1 : A total of 133 adult smokers with past @entity308 . FINDINGS: Pre-quit mood scores did not predict smoking status post-quit day. Both continuous and point-prevalence abstainers had significantly lower total @entity308 , suicide and @entity148 scores, adjusted for all potential confounders, during the period following quit day than did non-abstainers who experienced a significant @entity1316 . There was a significant effect of @entity3756 on post-quit @entity308 scores but not on abstinence. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectation, smoking abstinence among smokers with a history of @entity308 did not lead to increase in @entity308 , @entity148 or suicide ideation; however, failed quit attempts did. Persisting with a quit attempt while unable to achieve abstinence may be associated with @entity1316 .

title: Depressive mood, suicide ideation and XXXX in smokers who do and smokers who do not manage to stop smoking after a target quit day.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood deterioration']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, primary @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 death among males and the third cause of @entity5 death after @entity189 of the breast and colon in females. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment but only in 20-25% of the @entity1 . METHODS: Between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1996, 1079 consecutive @entity1 (877 males, 202 females) underwent surgery for primary @entity2 at the University Hospital of Geneva. RESULTS: Lobectomy was performed in the majority of @entity1 (n = 558, 51.7%), followed by pneumonectomy (n = 319, 29.6%), exploratory thoracotomy (n = 73, 6.8%), segmentectomy (n = 68, 6.3%), and bilobectomy (n = 61, 5.6%). Most @entity5 were @entity957 (n = 613, 57%) and @entity420 (n = 327, 30.3%). @entity151 were diagnosed in 33 @entity1 (3%). The overall operative mortality rate was 6.6%. However, over the period studied, the operative mortality decreased from 9% in 1977-1980 to 4% in 1993-1996. Survival according to the new staging system was 61% at 5 years in stage IA, 43% in stage IB, 37% in stage IIA, 19% in stage IIB, 14% in stage IIIA, 0% in stage IIIB, and 4% in stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: In future, improvement in long-term survival will require earlier @entity2 and better adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies for advanced @entity5 .

title: [Experience of surgical treatment for primary XXXX in Geneva 1977-1996].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['detection of lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 (FAST) is a limited ultrasound examination, primarily aimed at the identification of the presence of free intraperitoneal or pericardial fluid. In the context of @entity130 abdomen (BTA), free fluid is usually due to @entity548 , bowel contents, or both; contributes towards the timely diagnosis of potentially life-threatening @entity548 ; and is a decision-making tool to help determine the need for further evaluation or operative intervention. Fifty @entity1 with @entity130 abdomen were evaluated prospectively with FAST. The findings of FAST were compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), laparotomy, and autopsy. Any free fluid in the abdomen was presumed to be hemoperitoneum. Sonographic findings of intra-abdominal free fluid were confirmed by CECT, laparotomy, or autopsy wherever indicated. In comparing with CECT scan, FAST had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 77.27, 100, and 79.16  %, respectively, in the detection of free fluid. When compared with surgical findings, it had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94.44, 50, and 90  %, respectively. The sensitivity of FAST was 75  % in determining free fluid in @entity1 who died when compared with autopsy findings. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FAST were 80.43, 75 and 80  %, respectively, for the detection of free fluid in the abdomen. From this study, we can safely conclude that FAST is a rapid, reliable, and feasible investigation in @entity1 with BTA, and it can be performed easily, safely, and quickly in the emergency room with a reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. It helps in the initial triage of @entity1 for assessing the need for urgent surgery.

title: Accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for @entity130 (FAST) in XXXX Abdomen-A Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'blunt trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Blunt Trauma']


abstract: Bone scans, serum tissue-specific polypeptide antigen (TPS), @entity1486 (PSA), and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) were assessed in a total of 80 hormonally treated @entity263 @entity1 . Thirty-nine @entity1 were free of @entity75 ; in 8 subjects, 3 or fewer scintigraphic hot spots were found; in 29 @entity1 , more than 3 @entity79 were recorded. In 3 @entity1 , a partial contribution of endocrine cell @entity5 structures was found, while in one @entity1 , a @entity4153 was detected at autopsy. Measurement of the serum PSA test showed a clear-cut rise from stage D0 subjects to stage D2 @entity1 , with a small number of @entity79 (> or = 3). However, a relative decrease in the mean PSA level was measured with further progression in a number of hot spots in bone (> 3). @entity342 threshold that is critical for the induction of the PSA (and PAP) expression seems to differ markedly in various cell subpopulations that arise during @entity420 . This fact explains not only the rise in serum PSA in the majority of progressive and previously castrated subjects after an initial period of hormonal responsiveness, but also a relative decline of @entity342 -dependent PSA expression with further @entity5 progression. @entity66 was accompanied with normal or just slightly elevated TPS concentration. In @entity3 , serum TPS values revealed a steady increase with the progression in bone. These data seem to reflect not only an increase in @entity5 proliferation rate with progressively transformed genome, but also the rise in the number of proliferating cells. The presence of nonepithelial transformed @entity5 structures, such as @entity5 within a bulk of @entity420 , reduces or normalizes numerical serotests values of both TPS and PSA even during @entity5 progression. The extent of such decline depends upon the bulk of the endocrine component. The assessment of the above parameters, especially when associated with elevated plasma @entity3508 concentrations, may help in distinguishing an advanced @entity420 with and without elements of malignant neuroendocrine structures. The proposed approach, modified by applying corresponding organ-specific markers, may be checked for its possible general use in staging protocols of various heterogeneous @entity5 .

title: A more objective staging of advanced @entity263 --routine recognition of malignant endocrine structures: the assessment of serum TPS, PSA, and XXXX values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['homogeneous small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Localized disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'small cell cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma dedifferentiation', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['NSE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1157 is an uncommon but potentially serious complication in cholecystectomy. A recognized treatment for minor @entity130 is internal biliary decompression by @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) and stent insertion. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity10747 in the management of minor @entity130 . METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records at a tertiary referral centre identified 36 @entity1 treated for postoperative minor @entity130 between 2006 and 2010. Management involved establishing a controlled @entity3116 followed by @entity10747 to confirm the nature of the injury and decompress the bile duct with stent insertion. RESULTS: Controlled biliary fistulae were established in all 36 @entity1 . Resolution of the @entity1157 was achieved prior to @entity10747 in seven @entity1 , and @entity10747 with stent insertion was successful in 27 of the remaining 29 @entity1 . Resolution of the @entity1157 was achieved in all @entity1 without further intervention. The median time to resolution after successful @entity10747 was 4 days. Two @entity1 underwent @entity10747 complicated by mild @entity788 . No other complications were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This review confirms that postoperative minor @entity130 can be managed by sepsis control and semi-urgent endoscopic biliary decompression.

title: Endoscopic management of post-cholecystectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct injury', 'bile leak']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury', 'biliary injuries']

answer: @entity3116 :: (MESH:D001658,Disease) :: ['biliary fistula']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between @entity2690 resistance and regional abdominal fat area, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile in nonobese Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . A total of 63 nonobese Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 aged 45 to 83 years were examined. The duration of @entity6 was 8.4 +/- 0.8 years. BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and fasting concentrations of plasma @entity413 , serum lipids (total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein [HDL] @entity165 , and @entity1674 ), and serum @entity2690 were measured. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 level was calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDL @entity165 = total @entity165 - HDL @entity165 - 1/5 @entity1674 ). @entity2690 resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cross-sectional abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in all the @entity1 . Adipose tissue areas were determined at the umbilical level. Subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas were 136.5 +/- 6.0 and 86.0 +/- 4.1 cm(2), respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed that @entity2690 resistance was positively correlated with subcutaneous (r =.544, P <.001) and visceral (r =.408, P =.001) fat areas, BMI (r =.324, P =.009), HbA(1c) (r =.254, P =.001), serum @entity1674 (r =.419, P <.001), and serum LDL @entity165 (r =.290, P =.019) levels and was negatively correlated with serum HDL @entity165 level (r =.254, P =.041). Multiple regression analyses showed that @entity2690 resistance was independently predicted by the areas of subcutaneous (F = 6.76, P <.001) and visceral (F = 4.61, P <.001) abdominal fat and serum @entity1674 (F = 8.88, P <.001) level, which explained 36.9% of the variability of @entity2690 resistance. Moreover, the present study demonstrated that whereas BMI was positively correlated with visceral (r =.510, P <.001) and subcutaneous (r =.553, P <.001) fat areas, serum @entity412 level was positively associated with visceral (r =.302, P =.015), but not with subcutaneous (r =.222, P =.074) fat area. From these results, it can be suggested that (1) both subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas are independently associated with @entity2690 resistance and (2) visceral fat area, but not the subcutaneous one, is associated with serum @entity412 levels in our nonobese Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Relationship of regional adiposity to @entity2690 resistance and serum @entity412 levels in nonobese Japanese type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: When bacterial cells are tethered to glass by their flagella, many of them spin. On the basis of experiments with tethered cells it has generally been thought that the motor which drives the flagellum is a two-state device, existing in either a counterclockwise or a clockwise state. Here we show that a third state of the motor is that of pausing, the duration and frequency of which are affected by chemotactic stimuli. We have recorded on video tape the rotation of tethered @entity526 and @entity2491 cells and analyzed the recordings frame by frame and in slow motion. Most wild-type cells paused intermittently. The addition of repellents caused an increase in the frequency and duration of the pauses. The addition of attractants sharply reduced the number of pauses. @entity1129 mutant which lacks a large part of the @entity6722 machinery owing to a deletion of the genes from cheA to cheZ did not pause at all and did not respond to repellents by pausing. A tumbly mutant of @entity2491 responded to repellents by smooth swimming and to attractants by tumbling. When tethered, these cells exhibited a normal rotational response but an inverse pausing response to chemotactic stimuli: the frequency of pauses decreased in response to repellents and increased in response to attractants. It is suggested that (i) pausing is an integral part of bacterial motility and @entity6722 , (ii) pausing is independent of the direction of @entity717 , and (iii) pausing may be one of the causes of tumbling.

title: Pausing of @entity717 is a component of bacterial motility and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['flagellar rotation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: Complement activation contributes to tissue injury in various forms of @entity8 and is characterized by deposition of complement components, which accelerates the progression of @entity8 . We recently reported that complement 3 ( @entity4417 ), a critical component of the complement system, is associated with the synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. It is possible that @entity4417 stimulates mesangial cells to assume the synthetic phenotype to, in turn, induce @entity8 and @entity1463 . We investigated the role of @entity4417 in the growth and phenotype of mesangial cells. Cultured @entity1 mesangial cells ( @entity10847 ) expressed @entity4417 mRNA and protein, and levels were increased in response to @entity379 and @entity310 . @entity10847 also expressed C3a receptor mRNA and protein. Exogenous C3a stimulated DNA synthesis in @entity10847 in a dose-dependent manner. C3a decreased expression h-caldesmon mRNA, a marker of the contractile phenotype, and increased the expression of @entity1096 , matrix @entity9984 , and collagen type1 alpha1 (collagen IV) mRNAs, which are markers of the synthetic phenotype. C3a decreased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in @entity10847 . Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting @entity4417 reduced the DNA synthesis and proliferation of @entity10847 , increased expression of h-caldesmon mRNA, and decreased expression of @entity1096 , matrix Gla, and collagen IV mRNAs in @entity10847 . These results indicate that @entity4417 causes @entity10847 to convert to the synthetic phenotype and stimulates growth of mesangial cells, suggesting that @entity4417 may play an important role in phenotypic regulation of mesangial cells in @entity8 .

title: Complement 3 is involved in changing the phenotype of XXXX glomerular mesangial cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal damage', 'renal diseases', 'glomerulopathy', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7195 due to subluxation of the femoral head (Hartofilakidis type II) increases the complexity of total hip arthroplasty. In these cases some form of support is usually required, to reach stable fixation of the acetabular component. Pursuing this aim, the oval-shaped cementless cranial socket could be an alternative to conventional treatment options. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, 37 @entity1 (40 hips) underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using the cranial socket (mean follow-up 5.6 years, range 26 to 133 months). In a retrospective study we compared these clinical and radiological results with the results of a matched control group consisting of 35 @entity1 (40 hips) treated with a standard cementless hemispherical cup in combination with bulk femoral autografting (mean follow-up 6.9 years, range 30 to 151 months). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the @entity11339 (p=0.205) or the SF-36 (p=0.26) between both groups. There was no prosthesis failure due to septic or @entity1349 . Time of surgery was significantly shorter in the cranial socket group (p<0.001). The acetabular component could be placed in the ideal rotational hip centre in 24 (60%) hips in the cranial socket group and 32 (80%) hips in the control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates, that the cranial socket can be an alternative treatment option for the reconstruction of @entity7195 in @entity571 secondary to developmental @entity1141 .

title: Total hip replacement in developmental XXXX using an oval-shaped cementless press-fit cup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular deficiency', 'Acetabular roof deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: There is little known about the impact of the timing of @entity683 vaccine administration on seroconversion in @entity1 on chemotherapy. Recommendations for other vaccines state that the vaccines should be readministered several months after the completion of chemotherapy outside of the stem cell transplant setting. This is not often possible with the @entity683 vaccine because of its seasonal nature. To examine whether certain times during chemotherapy are more favorable for seroconversion, we examined vaccine responses in a cohort of @entity1 on chemotherapy. Pediatric @entity1 on chemotherapy were recruited over the 2006 to 2008 @entity683 vaccine seasons. Sixty-eight @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 3 @entity3052 , and 18 @entity242 @entity1 were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory features were recorded. The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay was used to define serotype-specific responses. Seroconversion rates varied according to the type of chemotherapy during the vaccination period. In some cases, there was a late rise in titer, suggesting that a wild-type infection had occurred, leading to an estimate of vulnerability of this population. In @entity1 with @entity981 , responses to the vaccine were greater when it was given early in the course of treatment. We conclude that seroconversion rates are well below the rates cited for the general population. The 3 @entity3052 @entity1 had a particularly poor response to the vaccine. In the case of @entity981 @entity1 , it may be possible to adjust the timing of the vaccine to optimize the response.

title: The efficacy of XXXX vaccination in a pediatric oncology population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most important long-term complication following total hip arthroplasty is periprosthetic femoral @entity3061 . A sizeable proportion of @entity1 who undergo arthroplasty are @entity28 . While @entity1 activity, implant type, and quality of fixation are known risk factors for @entity3061 , the literature concerning @entity28 is sparse and controversial. Our primary objective was to evaluate the influence of @entity28 on the risk of @entity3061 five and ten years after primary total hip arthroplasty with a cemented stem. Secondary objectives were to evaluate clinical outcome and @entity1 satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing hip arthroplasty with a third-generation stem-cementing technique from 1996 to 2003. All @entity1 were seen at five or ten years postoperatively. Radiographs and information regarding body-mass index (<25 kg/m(2) = normal weight, 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2) = overweight, and > or = 30 kg/m(2) = @entity28 ) and activity were obtained. Activity was assessed with use of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale. @entity3061 was assessed radiographically. Clinical outcome measurements included the Harris hip and Merle d'Aubign   and Postel scores. RESULTS: Our study included 503 arthroplasties in 433 @entity1 ; the results of 241 (47.9%) of the arthroplasties were evaluated at five years and the results of 262 (52.1%), at ten years. @entity3061 was identified around forty-four stems, with twenty-four (13.3%) in 181 hips of normal-weight @entity1 , eleven (5.4%) in 205 hips of overweight @entity1 , and nine (7.7%) in 117 hips of @entity28 @entity1 . Normal-weight @entity1 had the highest activity level (mean UCLA activity scale score [and standard deviation], 5.5 + or - 2.0 points), and @entity28 @entity1 had the lowest (mean UCLA activity scale score, 5.0 + or - 1.7 points). When adjusted for activity, cementing quality, and @entity1 age and sex, the risk of @entity3061 in @entity28 @entity1 was not increased as compared with that for overweight @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 3.7), whereas the risk of femoral @entity3061 in normal-weight @entity1 was found to be significantly higher than that in overweight @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.7). Clinical outcomes were similar among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found no increased risk of @entity3061 around a cemented femoral stem in @entity28 @entity1 five and ten years after primary total hip arthroplasty. The highest prevalence of @entity3061 was observed in normal-weight @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Influence of XXXX on femoral @entity3061 five and ten years following total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis', 'osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) has been used to describe the aetiology of childhood @entity28 and to develop a framework for prevention. The current paper applies the @entity6100 to data collected at multiple levels, representing different layers of the @entity6100 , and examines the unique and relative contribution of each layer to @entity1 's weight status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households with @entity1 living in low-income diverse communities. SETTING: A telephone survey conducted in 2009-2010 collected information on parental perceptions of their neighbourhoods, and household, parent and @entity1 demographic characteristics. Parents provided measured height and weight data for their @entity1 . Geocoded data were used to calculate proximity of a @entity1 's residence to food and physical activity outlets. SUBJECTS: Analysis based on 560 @entity1 whose parents participated in the survey and provided measured heights and weights. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression models were estimated to determine the joint contribution of elements within each layer of the @entity6100 as well as the relative contribution of each layer. Layers of the @entity6100 representing parental perceptions of their neighbourhoods, parent demographics and neighbourhood characteristics made the strongest contributions to predicting whether a @entity1 was overweight or @entity28 . Layers of the @entity6100 representing food and physical activity environments made smaller, but still significant, contributions to predicting @entity1 's weight status. CONCLUSIONS: The approach used herein supports using the @entity6100 for predicting @entity1 weight status and uncovers some of the most promising domains and strategies for childhood @entity28 prevention that can be used for designing interventions.

title: The relative contribution of layers of the @entity6100 to childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['Social Ecological Model', 'SEM']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Optimal surgical fixation method for displaced @entity174 should not impose limitations on neighboring joint movements. We evaluated the results of surgical treatment of displaced @entity174 using locked distal radius plates. METHODS: Displaced @entity174 of 14 consecutive @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; mean age 30 + or - 9 years; range 19 to 51 years) were treated using open reduction and locked distal radius plates. Before final fixation, one @entity1 underwent K-wire fixation with @entity2701 band at another center, resulting in nonunion. Except for two cases with late presentation, the mean time to surgery was 5.3 days (range 1 to 17 days). According to the Neer classification, fresh @entity174 were @entity1605 in 10 @entity1 and type III in three @entity1 . Shoulder examinations and functional evaluations were made at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Functional assessment included the Modified Shoulder Rating Scale and Constant score. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved full range of motion of the shoulder at six weeks postoperatively. The mean modified shoulder score was 18.7 + or - 1.5 and the mean Constant score was 95.4 + or - 3.0 at 12 months. None of the @entity1 developed implant failure, @entity272 . CONCLUSION: In selected acute @entity174 and nonunions of the distal clavicle, excellent clinical results are easily achievable with locked distal radius plate fixation because it allows early shoulder movements without necessitating implant removal.

title: [An alternative fixation method for the treatment of unstable XXXX : locked distal radius plate].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal clavicle fractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['loss of reduction, skin breakdown, or infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal clavicle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of post- @entity715 (PTS) is postulated to involve persistent @entity1211 . OBJECTIVE: To study the association between D-dimer level, @entity340 and the PTS in a well-defined cohort of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with acute symptomatic @entity1150 were recruited at eight centers and were followed for 24months. D-dimer was measured at 4months. A standardized ultrasound assessment for popliteal @entity340 was performed at 12months. Using the Villalta scale, @entity1 were assessed for PTS during follow-up by evaluators who were unaware of D-dimer or reflux results. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 were recruited; of these, 305 provided blood samples for D-dimer and 233 had a 12-month reflux assessment. PTS developed in 45.1% of subjects. Mean D-dimer was significantly higher in @entity1 with vs. without PTS (712.0 vs. 444.0 gL(-1) ; P=0.02). In logistic regression analyses adjusted for @entity1229 use at the time of D-dimer determination and risk factors for PTS, D-dimer level significantly predicted PTS (P=0.03); when stratifying for @entity1229 use at the time of blood draw, adjusted odds ratio (OR) for developing PTS per unit difference in log D-dimer was 2.33 (95% CI 0.89, 6.10) in those not on @entity1229 vs. 1.25 (95% CI 0.87, 1.79) in those on @entity1229 . Ipsilateral reflux was more frequent in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe PTS than in @entity1 with mild PTS (65% vs. 40%, respectively; P=0.01) and was independently associated with moderate-to-severe PTS in logistic regression analyses (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: D-dimer levels, measured 4months after @entity1150 in @entity1 not on @entity1229 , are associated with subsequent development of PTS. @entity340 is associated with moderate-to-severe PTS.

title: Relation between D-dimer level, @entity340 and the development of post- @entity715 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular reflux', 'Venous valvular reflux']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction and venous valvular reflux']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in @entity85 ( @entity6573 ). METHODS: Retrospective case series study after IRB approval. Two musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed in consensus the MRI findings of 11 @entity1 with microbiologically and/or pathologically proven osteoarticular @entity6573 . The MRI evaluation included discrimination of @entity2720 , bones and soft tissues. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 29  years (10-55  years), eight @entity1 and three @entity1 . Musculoskeletal involvement was the only or the primary presentation of the disease in seven @entity1 (63%). @entity4034 was the most common presentation, with seven cases (63%). Primary @entity625 was found in one @entity1 (9%). Isolated extra-articular soft tissue @entity6573 was found in three @entity1 : @entity5442 (2) and @entity281 (1). All cases showed regions with signal intensity higher than or similar to the signal of muscle on T1-weighted images. Penumbra sign was present in five cases (45%). T2-weighted images showed reactive soft tissue @entity4 in eight cases (72%). Post- @entity2287 images showed peripheral (8/9) or heterogeneous (1/9) enhancement. Synovial enhancement was present in all cases of joint involvement (6/6). @entity6574 arborescens was documented in one case of chronic knee involvement. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case series describing MRI findings of musculoskeletal @entity6573 . Musculoskeletal involvement was the primary presentation of the disease in most cases, and therefore, @entity5 were initially in the differential diagnosis. @entity4034 was the most common presentation, often with secondary involvement of joint and or soft tissue.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of XXXX in the musculoskeletal system.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6574 :: ('MESH:D008068', 'Disease') :: ['Lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in joints']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal paracoccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity6573 :: (MESH:D010229,Disease) :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis']


abstract: SUMMARY The grey mould @entity14261 is an economically important plant pathogen. Previously we found that null mutants of bcg1 encoding one of the two Galpha subunits of heterotrimeric @entity3007 -binding proteins differed in colony morphology and showed reduced pathogenicity. To further understand the mechanisms involved in infection, we cloned the bac gene encoding adenylate cyclase, the enzyme that catalyses production of @entity268 from @entity855 . The deduced protein sequence consists of 2300 @entity1522 , the ORF is interrupted by three conserved introns, and there is a high degree of similarity with the catalytic domains of other fungal adenylate cyclases. Gene replacement resulted in reduced vegetative growth and a morphology similar to that of bcg1 mutants. The wild-type (WT) colony morphology was partially restored by feeding exogenous @entity268 . These bac mutants still had a low but constant level of @entity268 , despite deletion of the complete catalytic domain of the enzyme. Conidia from bac mutants germinated, penetrated the leaves of @entity11297 and caused spreading soft rot lesions (in contrast to bcg1 mutants), although these were slower to develop than in WT controls. Compared to the latter, the most striking difference was that no sporulation occurred on leaves inoculated with bac mutant conidia. These results confirm that the @entity268 signalling pathway plays an important role in vegetative growth and pathogenicity in @entity14261 . On the other hand, a much stronger effect of bcg1 mutation on pathogenicity in comparison to the effects of bac mutations suggests that BCG1 controls at least one more signalling component other than adenylate cyclase, and that the @entity268 signalling pathway is not the only one responsible for pathogenicity.

title: The adenylate cyclase (BAC) in XXXX is required for full pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea', 'B. cinerea']

answer: @entity14261 :: (40559,Species) :: ['Botrytis cinerea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the completeness and correctness of the Swedish @entity5 Registry (SCR) for @entity703 diagnosed in western Sweden. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective clinical and histopathological study of 939 @entity1 in the SCR with a diagnosis of a @entity703 between 1971 and 1998 and of 54 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity5 in multiple locations in the urinary tract. In addition, we reviewed our earlier @entity150 studies to assess whether @entity1 with @entity3484 had been notified to the SCR. RESULTS: There were 68 false-positive @entity1 (7.2%) out of 939 in the SCR. The commonest diagnoses were other urological @entity5 (n=46) and no malignancy at all (n=15). There were five false-positives (9.3%) out of 54 @entity1 in the file with @entity5 in multiple locations. Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity703 were identified in our earlier studies but not found in the SCR. Most discrepancies were attributable to inadequate or missing notification by the urologist and registration errors. CONCLUSIONS: The completeness and correctness of the registration of @entity703 are unsatisfactory but in line with registries for some other primary sites. The notification of @entity3484 among @entity1 with a history of @entity150 was poor, in particular in @entity1 not treated with surgery. Improved communication between reporting sources and the registry is needed. Clinical and histopathological reviews seem necessary in studies based on the SCR.

title: Completeness and correctness of registration of XXXX in the Swedish @entity5 Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic or ureteral carcinoma', 'renal pelvic and ureteral carcinomas']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a relatively common long-term complication of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) with severely negative impact on the @entity1 's quality of life and prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess morphological changes, with respect to @entity120 development, in the pulmonary artery vascular bed 6 months after diagnosis of acute @entity1151 as the first @entity1031 event in the @entity1 s history. METHODS: Our prospective study included a population of 87 consecutive @entity1 with proven @entity1151 . Multidetector computer tomography pulmonary arteriography (CTA) was performed 6 months after acute @entity1151 to assess residua of thrombi and abnormalities supporting the presence of @entity120 . To quantify the individual totality of @entity154 , a computer tomography @entity1151 residua index (CTPER-index) was constructed and groups of @entity1 with and without @entity120 were compared. The study follow-up was 24 months, with echocardiography performed 6, 12, and 24 months after @entity1151 . RESULTS: Morphological abnormalities corresponding to thrombi residua or @entity120 on CTA were found in 68% of @entity1 . The CTPER-index reached significantly higher values in @entity1 with @entity120 during a 2-year follow-up. A CTPER-index value >= 4 equates to a 12-fold higher risk of @entity120 development (p=0.013) with sensitivity 0.80 (95% CI 0.31; 0.989) and specificity 0.79 (95% CI 0.754; 0.799). CONCLUSION: Our CTPER-index may provide useful information for a clinician performing CTA for differential diagnosis of @entity1353 in a @entity1 with a history of @entity1151 .

title: @entity1151 residua index (CTPER-index): a simple tool for XXXX residua description.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH', 'Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'acute pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Research on physical activity for @entity5 survivors suggests a relationship with improved quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore if there was also a relationship of physical activity with sleep difficulties and fatigue, common effects of @entity5 and its treatments. Recruitment was by posters and flyers in medical waiting rooms and by letter of invitation. Thirty-two breast and 59 @entity263 survivors completed the questionnaire. Poor sleep quality was reported by 57.8%. A greater proportion of @entity0 (36.7%) than @entity263 survivors (15.5%) reported poor sleep latency, and @entity25 (48.4% vs. 17.2%). The mean minutes of moderate physical activity was lower among @entity1 reporting poor sleep quality [F(1,89) = 11.36, P < 0.001]. A greater proportion of @entity0 (65.7%) than @entity263 survivors (43.1%) reported high fatigue. @entity1 who reported no physical activity had significantly greater fatigue (M = 31) than those reporting high physical activity levels (M = 42). While at an early stage of research, results are suggestive of a relationship of physical activity with sleep problems among @entity5 survivors. Findings have implications for improving quality of life as poor sleep was associated with greater fatigue and regular physical activity shows promise as an aid to alleviating these problems.

title: Sleep quality, fatigue and physical activity following a XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity0 is a common @entity5 for @entity1 in most parts of the world and the incidence in Iranian @entity1 is growing. The @entity1 are relatively younger than their western counterparts. The aim of study was to investigate the roles of reproductive factors for @entity0 in Babol. In a case-control study in Babol, we recruited a total of 100 new @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity0 and 200 age-matched controls selected from outpatient clinics. Demographic and reproductive factors were ascertained by in- @entity1 interview using a constructed questionnaire. Several potential confounding factors were adjusted using multiple logistic model. The adjusted odds ratio showed that having higher age at first pregnancy and abortion were associated with @entity0 risk (the adjusted OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3-13.2 and 2.93, 95% CI: 1.64-5.24, respectively). By increasing parity, the risk had reduced significantly; among @entity1 with parity >=  5, the adjusted OR was 0.09 (95% CI 0.01-0.7) compared with nulliparous @entity1 , and also for each additional parity, the risk reduced by 50% (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.71). The duration of breast feeding was inversely associated with @entity0 risk, while after additional adjustment for parity, no longer the protective effect of breast feeding was observed. Nulliparity, late age at first birth and abortion were the most important reproductive factors associated with @entity0 risk; therefore, it is recommended to @entity1 with these risk factors to perform @entity0 screening tests earlier.

title: Reproductive factors associated with XXXX risk in northern Iran.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'increased breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Ovariectomized cynomolgus macaques were treated with implants of @entity53 (E2) for 14 days. Some animals then received an additional implant of @entity1420 (P) for 7-14 more days. After treatment with either E2 alone or with E2 plus P we removed the reproductive tracts and measured nuclear and cytosolic P receptors by exchange assay. In addition we used @entity134 radioimmunoassays(RIA) to measure levels of E2 and P in parallel aliquots of the nuclear and cytosolic fractions. P treatment reduced the concentrations of E2 in nuclear and cytosolic fractions in the cervix, endometrium, myometrium and oviduct compared to the amounts present after 14 days of E2; these data are consistent with many reports that P treatment significantly lowers the amount of nuclear and cytosolic @entity172 receptors in all of these tissues. In the oviduct, myometrium and cervix both cytosolic and nuclear P receptor levels were lowered during P action. In the endometrium, however, P treatment reduced the amount of P receptor only in the cytosolic but not the nuclear fraction. RIA determinations of the amount of P retained in nuclear fractions of the P-treated animals indicate that P levels were significantly elevated only in the nuclei obtained from endometrium. This specific increase in the retention of P by endometrial nuclei during P action is consistent with the specific retention of P receptor by endometrial nuclei. These results lead to the unexpected conclusion that the stimulatory effects of P as expressed in the maintenance of the progestational state in the primate endometrium may require higher levels of occupied nuclear P receptor than do the suppressive effects of P as expressed in @entity194 , diminished cervical secretion and myometrial quieting.

title: Differential suppression of @entity1420 receptors by XXXX in the reproductive tract of female macaques.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['oviductal atrophy']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity1 with Zone II penetrating neck @entity130 for @entity1317 remains controversial. Retrospective studies have demonstrated that physical examination alone may be as accurate as arteriography in detecting significant cervical @entity1317 requiring operative repair. This study was undertaken to evaluate prospectively the safety and accuracy of physical examination in determining the management of @entity1 with penetrating @entity135 . STUDY DESIGN: During a 22 month period, 66 consecutive @entity1 presented to our Level I @entity130 center with penetrating neck @entity130 . Determination of the vascular status of these @entity1 was based on physical examination alone if the injury was located in Zone II and there was no definite sign of @entity1317 . @entity1 were observed for at least 23 hours. @entity1 admitted during the first year of the study underwent ultrasound examination of the carotid artery within 48 hours to assess for injuries. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 met admission criteria. Two @entity1 had large lacerations requiring operative debridement and closure. Six @entity1 underwent arteriography because of the proximity of the vertebral arteries to the injury tract, the trajectory also included Zone I or III, or there were equivocal signs of @entity1317 . Each arteriogram was negative. Of the remaining 28 @entity1 , none had any evidence of a @entity1317 during hospitalization or follow-up period (mean of 1.8 months). Eighteen of the 28 @entity1 had carotid ultrasounds, none of which showed injuries requiring operative intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with Zone II penetrating @entity9389 and no definite signs of @entity1317 can be safely and accurately managed on the basis of physical examination alone. Arteriography or ultrasonography are not needed to identify @entity1317 .

title: Physical examination alone is safe and accurate for evaluation of XXXX in penetrating @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Zone II neck trauma']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This case series reviews open @entity3029 , the subsequent development of @entity2530 of the talar dome, and the clinical and functional outcomes associated with this injury. Open @entity3029 is a relatively rare but debilitating injury. Techniques for managing such injuries include reimplantation of an extruded talus, open reduction internal fixation, and fusion (immediate or delayed). METHODS: An operating theater database search from 2002 to 2007 was conducted to identify cases of open @entity3029 at a major @entity130 center in Western Australia. Forty-one cases were initially identified, and from these, a total of eight cases were selected, which represented open dislocations of the talus. Parameters measured include postinjury development of @entity2530 , and clinical and functional outcome measurements. RESULTS: Four of the eight @entity1 achieved an overall good outcome, two had a fair outcome, one @entity1 had a poor outcome, and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up after 4 months. Five of the @entity1 developed @entity2530 , and two @entity1 developed @entity86 (one @entity281 , one superficial infection around a K-wire site). CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 is the single most significant factor associated with poor clinical and functional outcome of open @entity3029 . The impact of @entity2530 on functional outcome cannot be fully demonstrated nor has its development with such injuries been proven inevitable.

title: Open XXXX : clinical and functional outcomes: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['total talar dislocation', 'total talar dislocations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['joint infection', 'Postinjury joint infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'infection and avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['total talus dislocation']


abstract: Between 1965 and 1989, 1,180 @entity1 underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for nonseminomatous germ cell @entity5 (638 underwent primary dissection). Of these @entity1 , 174 were considered to have clinical stage B disease preoperatively (suspected retroperitoneal node metastases by clinical staging). Surgery revealed that 41 @entity1 (23%) actually had pathological stage A disease (no cancerous nodes). This nonspecificity in clinical staging remains consistent despite advance in clinical staging methods during this 25-year period. Of the pathological stage B @entity5 @entity1 65% were cured by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection alone. These long-term data indicate that primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for low stage metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell @entity5 (pathological stage B) not only had diagnostic but also therapeutic impact. Furthermore, this cure rate with long-term followup is equivalent to that of current series of primary chemotherapy alone for stage B disease, which are still relatively early reports. This cure rate with single modality therapy (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection alone) was accomplished within an average of 4 hours and, therefore, should be more time and cost-effective than prior reports of 3 and 4 courses of primary chemotherapy. In the post- @entity900 era (1979 to 1989), 140 @entity1 with clinical stage B disease were treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: 32 (23%) had pathological stage A @entity5 and 2 of them (6%) had relapse. Both @entity1 are currently disease-free with subsequent chemotherapy. Of the remaining 108 @entity1 with pathological stage B disease 49 received no adjuvant chemotherapy and 59 received @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. Among the former 49 @entity1 18 (37%) had relapse and 2 died. No @entity1 receiving postoperative @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy had relapse. The overall survival rate in these 140 clinical stage B @entity5 @entity1 was 98%. There were 3 deaths, only 1 from @entity5 . The addition of @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively has rendered pathological stage B nonseminomatous germ cell @entity5 entirely free of subsequent relapse. Therefore, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection as monotherapy is curative in two-thirds of the @entity1 with @entity34 , while the remaining one-third with progression to clinical relapse can be reliably saved by chemotherapy. Future considerations in selecting therapy for clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell @entity5 will be risk-benefit, cost-benefit and quality of life issues. Several cooperative studies will examine these issues, involving European and United States groups.

title: The role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in clinical stage B XXXX : the Indiana University experience (1965 to 1989).

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'testis cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testis cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether monoclonal antibody (Mab) detection of @entity5 -associated antigen expressed on sputum epithelial cells precedes clinical presentation of second @entity2 . DESIGN SETTING/ @entity1 : Eleven oncology centers collaborate in the accrual of 1,000 @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who had undergone resection. The Mabs examined in this study (624H12, 703D4) detect two promising oncofetal/differentiation markers (ie, a difucosylated Lewis X and a 31-Kd glycoprotein antigen). INTERVENTIONS: Induced sputum specimens are evaluated for quality, then are Papanicolaou and immunostained by independent central laboratories at enrollment and annually thereafter. The predictive value of Mab markers is compared with routine morphologic study for detection of second @entity2 during an anticipated 3 years of accrual and 1 year of follow-up. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Five hundred eighty of an anticipated 1,000 @entity1 have been accrued on schedule. @entity1 are primarily white (88.6%), former smokers (75.9%), @entity1 (55.6%), with a median age of 66.7, and joined the study at an average of 3.7 years following resection of a stage 1 @entity1149 (34.4% squamous, 43.6% @entity420 ). Central laboratories found less @entity1141 and more unsatisfactory specimens (27.3%) than do the accrual institution laboratories. Immunostaining identifies more suspicious cells than does morphologic study. However, only two second @entity2 (eight total @entity204 ) have occurred to date. CONCLUSIONS: Halfway through the accrual, we describe the study design and preliminary observations. This study illustrates rational selection of carcinogenesis markers by linkage of marker expression on preneoplastic specimens with subsequent expression on @entity5 tissue.

title: The early detection of second XXXX by sputum immunostaining. LCEWDG Investigators. @entity2 Early Detection Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer', 'primary lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancers']


abstract: Objectives. The aim of this prospective cohort, multicentre study was to assess the effect of coadministrating @entity3709 10   mg/day with an ongoing statin on the estimated risk for Cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in @entity1 with persistently elevated LDL-C after @entity1780 monotherapy. Methods. The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) function was used to estimate the 10-year risk for cardiovascular mortality at baseline and 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were absolute and percent changes in estimated @entity301 ( @entity301 ) Mortality Risk, and general CVD Mortality Risk ( @entity348 Mortality Risk). Results. 825 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 62 (10.5) years and 62.3% were males. The mean (SD) estimated @entity348 Mortality Risk decreased from 0.068 (0.059) at baseline to 0.053 (0.046) at 6 weeks (RR = 0.77; 95% CI:0.689-0.867), while the estimated @entity301 Mortality Risk decreased from 0.047 (0.040) at baseline to 0.034 (0.029) at 6 weeks (RR = 0.72; 95% CI:0.624-0.826). Conclusions. Co-administration of @entity3709 with a statin is effective in significantly reducing the estimated risk for cardiovascular mortality as measured by the SCORE model.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3709 in Reducing the Estimated Risk for Fatal Cardiovascular Events in Hypercholesterolaemic XXXX with Inadequate Lipid Control While on @entity1780 Monotherapy as Measured by the SCORE Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total CVD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 with subepidermal blistering diseases show clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features of both linear IgA @entity272 and @entity7248 . Such @entity1 can be further characterized by defining the target of their circulating autoantibodies. We present the first case report of a @entity1 with linear deposits of IgA and IgG with circulating autoantibodies characteristic of both linear IgA @entity272 and @entity7248 . OBSERVATIONS: Widely distributed subepidermal @entity5222 showing neutrophils in the dermal papillae developed in a 3-year-old @entity1 . Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of perilesional skin revealed linear deposits of IgA, IgG, and C3 in the epidermal basement membrane. The @entity1 responded to therapy with @entity3761 , and after 6 months, it was possible to discontinue treatment. Circulating IgA antibodies from this @entity1 bound the epidermal side of 1-mol/L saline-split skin and immunoblotted the 97-kd linear IgA @entity272 antigen. Circulating IgG antibodies bound the epidermal and, at low titer, dermal sides of split skin. These IgG antibodies immunoblotted and immunoprecipitated @entity7248 antigens 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Linear deposits of IgA and IgG in the epidermal basement membrane of @entity1 with @entity4530 may signify the coexistence of circulating autoantibodies directed against linear IgA @entity272 and @entity7248 antigens.

title: A child with antibodies targeting both linear IgA @entity272 and XXXX antigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['subepidermal bullous lesions']

entities_list: @entity7248 :: ('MESH:D010391', 'Disease') :: ['bullous pemphigoid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['bullous dermatosis']

answer: @entity7248 :: (MESH:D010391,Disease) :: ['bullous pemphigoid']


abstract: An experience on the surgical treatment of @entity2849 during the last 15 years was reviewed. Fifty-nine were femoral anastomoses complicated by false @entity439 appearance requiring surgical excision. They represented 2.9% of all femoral anastomoses performed, whereas they represented 3.3% when considering reconstruction in which the femoral artery was the distal anastomosis. Reconstructions with distal anastomosis performed on the femoral artery were primarily involved (58 of 59), whereas grafts with "take off" from the femoral artery were rarely affected (p less than 0.05). A higher incidence of false @entity439 formation was demonstrated in @entity101 @entity1 (p less than 0.05) as well as those who previously had femoral thromboendarterectomy (p less than 0.01). @entity281 was considered a causative factor even if it developed before (6-14 months) false @entity439 appearance. When a false @entity439 was resected, the best hemodynamic reconstruction, to avoid recurrence, was considered a bypass with distal anastomosis performed end-to-end on the femoral artery (p less than 0.05). The surgical treatment of choice was false @entity439 resection and graft interposition. However, a reanastomosis in the presence of small @entity2849 , when technically possible, has been successfully performed. Both treatments allowed good long-term results.

title: Reoperation for femoral XXXX . A 15-year experience.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic false aneurysms', 'false aneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['anastomotic false aneurysm']


abstract: Rho-associated kinases (ROCK) are activated in the kidney as well as in cultured cells of @entity6 models and have been implicated in renal pathophysiology. To explore whether inhibition of ROCK is protective, we studied its role in a model of accelerated @entity2316 where uninephrectomized @entity35 were made @entity6 by @entity3839 . After establishing @entity6 , @entity35 were treated with the ROCK inhibitor @entity8232 continuously or for the final 6 weeks of an 18-week experimental period. The results were compared to similar @entity35 given @entity9886 , an established treatment of clinical and experimental @entity2316 , or a combination of both agents. Vehicle-treated @entity6 and non- @entity6 uninephrectomized @entity35 served as controls. @entity6 resulted in a rapid development of @entity633 , higher @entity631 and interstitial @entity82 scores, lower glomerular filtration rates, and increased expression of several molecular markers of @entity2316 . Eighteen weeks of @entity8232 treatment reduced renal ROCK activity, and ameliorated @entity6 -induced structural changes in the kidney and expression of the molecular markers in association with a modest anti-proteinuric effect but no change in blood pressure. Late intervention with @entity8232 reduced @entity631 , but did not influence @entity644 . Most effects of @entity8232 were comparable to those of @entity9886 , although @entity9886 lowered blood pressure and further lowered @entity644 . The combination of both treatments was no different than @entity9886 alone. Thus, ROCK inhibition protected the kidney from @entity2316 even though it did not reduce the blood pressure.

title: Rho kinase inhibition protects kidneys from XXXX without reducing blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']