abstract: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that anthropometry and body composition were independently associated with sex- @entity134 concentration in adolescent @entity1 . Premenarcheal (age, mean +/- SD = 10.9 +/- 0.6, N = 51), perimenarcheal (age = 13.7 +/- 0.6, N = 74), and postmenarcheal (age = 16.7 +/- 0.6, N = 44) cohorts provided saliva at morning recess during the schoolday over 6 weeks. @entity53 , @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) were quantified. Age, developmental cohort, self-reported Tanner stage of breast development and pubic-hair distribution, gynecological age, height, weight, waist/hip ratio, and percent body fat (by impedance) were assessed. Repeated measures were reduced to a mean. Data were hierarchically standardized for sexual maturation status, and then used to predict anthropometry/percent body fat. After intensive repeated sampling, individuals still varied widely in @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity2494 concentrations within a developmental cohort (35.0 < or = coefficient of variation < or = 66.5%). Individual hormone concentration was repeatable across 2 years (0.51 < or = r(2) < or = 0.73). In spite of the variability within a cohort, there was no evidence for an association between the standardized hormone and body mass index, percent body fat, or waist/hip ratio, whether or not measures were age-adjusted (21 univariate tests; 0.19 < or = P < or = 0.96). Stratification by developmental cohort also did not reveal associations. Low @entity53 assay precision precluded analyses. In conclusion, despite considerable population variation in hormone concentration after repeated sampling, no evidence supported an association between anthropometry or pecent body fat and @entity251 , @entity1420 , or @entity2494 in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Anthropometry and body composition do not predict bioavailable androgen or XXXX concentration in adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: We have treated 26 @entity1 with @entity43 with @entity902 -based chemotherapy. @entity1 received 50 mg/m2 @entity900 and 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin every 21 days for six cycles. Eighteen @entity1 had complete surgical staging defined as total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and aortic node sampling, omentectomy, and cytology. Eight @entity1 had all of the above with the exception of node sampling. The overall median follow-up for the group is 43+ months. Three @entity1 had grade 1 @entity5 with positive washings or capsule invasion and are disease free with a median follow-up of 53+ months. Of 23 @entity1 with grade 2-3 @entity5 , 22 are alive and free of disease with a median follow-up of 42+ months. There has been 1 recurrence, at 18 months, in a @entity1 who had complete staging and a grade 2 @entity5 . The @entity1 recurred with @entity189 , documented by laparoscopy. There was no significant hematologic, neurologic, or @entity8 encountered in any @entity1 . Adjuvant combination chemotherapy is beneficial for selected @entity1 with @entity43 who are at high risk for failure after surgical treatment alone.

title: A phase II trial of adjuvant @entity900 and doxorubicin in stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I ovarian cancer', 'early-stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Cellular oncogenes such as @entity20732 , c-jun and @entity30163 are expressed prior to @entity172 -induced growth of normal target tissues such as rodent uterus. Transient increases in the levels of these genes are induced by the administration of @entity53 and are followed by DNA replication. In this study, we examined the expression of these three oncogenes in @entity53 -induced @entity703 in @entity329 in order to understand mechanistic aspects of hormonal carcinogenesis. @entity703 were induced in all male @entity329 treated chronically with @entity53 for 7 or 9 months, whereas @entity5 were not detected in animals treated for 5 months. mRNA levels of @entity20732 , myc and jun were elevated 15-, 4- and 6-fold respectively in @entity703 of @entity53 -treated hamsters (9 months) compared with age-matched untreated control kidneys. The expression of all three protooncogenes was also increased in the kidney tissue surrounding @entity5 , though there was no consistent pattern in the ratios of transcripts in the @entity5 and kidney tissues. After 7 months of @entity172 treatment, @entity703 also contained elevated amounts of @entity20732 , c-jun and @entity30163 transcripts at levels comparable with older @entity5 . In abdominal metastases of hamster @entity703 , mRNA levels of @entity20732 , myc and jun were elevated 9-, 12- and 3-fold respectively over control levels. In kidneys of hamsters treated with @entity53 for 5 months, in which @entity5 were not yet detected, the expression of protooncogenes was slightly increased. Ratios of @entity20732 , @entity30163 and c-jun in @entity172 -treated (5 months) over control tissue were 1.4, 1.1 and 1.3 respectively. Overexpression of cellular oncogenes such as @entity20732 , c-jun and @entity30163 may have played a role in the induction and growth of @entity703 by @entity53 in hamsters.

title: Elevation of protooncogene messenger RNAs in @entity172 -induced XXXX in the hamster.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney tumors', 'kidney tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate our experience with primary @entity189 of the male urethra and to analyze the impact of @entity5 variables and treatment on overall, disease-specific, local recurrence-free, and @entity3 -free survival. METHODS: Between 1958 and 1996, we identified 46 @entity1 with @entity189 of the bulbar and anterior urethra. The median follow-up was 125 months (1 to 336). The @entity1 were stratified by stage, nodal status, histologic type, treatment, type of surgery, site of disease, year at diagnosis, and smoking status. RESULTS: The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates at 5 years were 42% and 50%, respectively. The recurrence-free survival and @entity3 -free survival rates at 5 years were 51% and 56%, respectively. The overall survival rate was 83% for superficial disease versus 36% for invasive @entity5 . The overall survival rate was 26% for @entity5 of the bulbar urethra versus 69% for @entity5 of the anterior urethra. CONCLUSIONS: Current modalities of treatment are ineffective for local control and survival. New treatment strategies are needed for @entity5 .

title: Male XXXX : analysis of treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urethral cancer', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urethral carcinoma']


abstract: We report the case of a 60-year-old @entity1 with autopsy-proven @entity303 with @entity4681 (D-MND) and @entity195 . The @entity1 presented with clumsiness of his right hand at the age of 55 years old and subsequently developed @entity4653 , @entity425 and @entity194 of his upper limbs. He was unaffectionate towards his family, repeated the same phrase, and showed severe disorientation of time and place. Neurological examination on admission showed not only diffuse lower @entity528 signs, such as @entity425 , @entity194 , @entity2901 and @entity4894 in both upper limbs, but also @entity303 (HDS-R 9/30). He died of @entity1576 . Neuropathological examination showed mild @entity194 of the frontal and temporal lobes and anterior spinal roots. Microscopic examination of cortical sections revealed @entity194 and @entity5219 , and these changes were predominant in layers 1 and 2 of the frontal and temporal cortices. Using immunohistochemical staining, ubiquitin-positive but tau-negative inclusions were frequently found in neurons of the hippocampal granular cell layers and temporal lobes. Many @entity527 and @entity3072 were present in all sections of the brain. Our final diagnosis was @entity303 with @entity4681 accompanying @entity195 , because of hypoperfusion in the parietal lobe as well as the frontal lobe demonstrated by SPECT, and the presence of many @entity527 and @entity3072 in the cerebral cortex. Overlapping of pathologically-proven D-MND and @entity195 is extremely rare, and this case may improve our understanding of the process of @entity179 .

title: [An autopsy case of @entity303 with XXXX accompanying @entity195 ].

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'degenerative changes with simple atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease lesion"]

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developed countries, increasing @entity5419 prevalence and concern regarding @entity5419 have been reported. Although the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of @entity56 has increased in some Western countries, the actual proportion and patterns of CAM use for pediatric @entity5419 in Japan are still unknown. METHODS: Fourteen @entity566 centers in Japan participated in the study using a questionnaire survey regarding the use of CAM by pediatric @entity1 . A diagnosis of @entity5419 was made at each hospital by pediatric allergists. RESULTS: Surveys were completed by parents/guardians, and data were collected for a total of 962 pediatric food- @entity56 @entity1 . Overall, 8.4% of the @entity1 used CAM to treat a @entity5419 . The major CAM therapies used were herbal teas (22.2%), including several Japanese herbal teas, Chinese herbal medicine (18.5%) and @entity880 bacteria (16%). Among the @entity1 using CAM to treat @entity5419 , 13.6% thought that the CAM being used was very effective, while 11.1% of @entity1 thought that CAM caused some type of side effect. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first large-scale national survey regarding the use of CAM in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5419 in Japan. Unlike in the USA, which has a higher rate of CAM use (17%), approximately 8.4% of food- @entity56 @entity1 used CAM in Japan. Interestingly, the major types of CAM used in Japan differed from those used in the USA. Cultural differences and food customs may affect the use of CAM.

title: The use of complementary and alternative medicine by pediatric food- @entity56 XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) and multiple pregnancies are the two main complications of ovulation induction using gonadotropins. Withholding an ovulatory dose of @entity1 @entity1465 remains the safest option for prevention of both complications. However, this policy frustrates both @entity1 and physician, wastes time and money due to cancelled treatment, and results in cancellation of a high proportion of cycles that would not have progressed to clinical @entity43 . As @entity4396 analogs (GnRH-a) may elicit surges of endogenous luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, we investigated the usefullness of a single s.c. injection of @entity3086 (0.5 mg) to trigger ovulation, without inducing @entity43 or @entity2099 , in 23 consecutive gonadotropin-stimulated cycles which would otherwise have been cancelled. All @entity1 had at least 4 mature follicles (> or = 14 mm in diameter) and plasma @entity53 levels > 1000 pg/ml on the day of GnRH-a injection. No luteal support was given. Seventeen of the 23 (74%) cycles were ovulatory and four singleton pregnancies resulted, giving a pregnancy rate of 17.4% per cycle. The remaining six @entity1 (26%) clearly had defective or short luteal phases. No @entity1 developed @entity43 . It is concluded that GnRH-a may be an acceptable substitute for hCG to salvage treatment cycles in @entity1 thought to be at risk for @entity43 or @entity2099 . However, further studies are necessary for optimization of this approach in order to improve ovulatory and conceptional results.

title: Triggering of ovulation by a @entity4396 agonist in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles for prevention of XXXX and @entity2099 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of socioeconomic status and psychological stress to potential associations between confidence in the future and a wide range of health-related behaviours. DESIGN: Web-based cross-sectional study including an 'Electronic Health Check' at the Finnish Happiness-Flourishing Study website linked to a TV programme on happiness and @entity308 . SETTING: The Finnish population with access to the internet. @entity1 : 101 257 Finns aged 18 and above (21 365 @entity1 ; 79 892 @entity1 ). @entity1 who were under the age of 18 and who did not provide information about their gender were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: As planned, we assessed smoking, weekly @entity167 consumption and binge drinking, daily intake of fruits and vegetables and regular exercise. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with low confidence in the future, those with high confidence were less likely to be daily smokers ( @entity1 OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.65; @entity1 0.57, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.61) and binge drinkers ( @entity1 0.57; 0.52 to 0.63; @entity1 0.54; 0.50 to 0.57). @entity1 with high confidence in the future were more likely to exercise regularly ( @entity1 OR 2.82, 95% CI 2.55 to 3.13; @entity1 2.57, 95% CI 2.44 to 2.71) and consume vegetables ( @entity1 OR 2.48, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.74; @entity1 2.13, 95% CI 2.03 to 2.24) and fruits ( @entity1 OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.35; @entity1 1.83, 95% CI 1.74 to 1.93) daily. Adjustment for current @entity458 and satisfaction for income attenuated the results. CONCLUSIONS: Having confidence in the future is strongly associated with a healthy lifestyle, as assessed by a healthy diet, physical exercise and @entity734 . Health-related interventions may benefit from tailoring interventions according to the target population's level of confidence in the future as well as their level of @entity458 .

title: Confidence in the future, health-related behaviour and XXXX : results from a web-based cross-sectional study of 101 257 Finns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We considered the role of programmed ventricular stimulation in primary prevention of @entity1164 in an @entity1000 population. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity1000 underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. @entity2224 was triggered in 44 @entity1 (group I, 27.8%) versus 114 @entity1 (group II), where @entity2224 was not induced. Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity1000 underwent @entity737 ( @entity737 ) implantation: 41/44 in group I and 28/114 in group II. The major end points of the study were overall mortality and appropriate @entity737 activation. Overall mortality during the 46.9 months of mean follow-up was not significantly different between the 2 groups. @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (n=119) demonstrated a higher overall mortality rate compared with the @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction >35% (n=39; 16.8% versus 10.3%, log-rank P=0.025). Advanced New York Heart Association class (III and IV versus I and II) was the single independent and strongest prognostic factor of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 11.909; P<0.001; confidence interval, 3.106-45.65), as well as of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio, 14.787; P=0.001; confidence interval, 2.958-73.922). Among @entity737 recipients, @entity737 activation rate was significantly higher in group I compared with group II (30 of 41 @entity1 -73.2% versus 5 of 28 @entity1 -17.9%; log-rank P=0.001), either in the form of antitachycardia pacing (68.3% versus 17.9%; log-rank P=0.001) or in the shock delivery form (51.2% versus 17.9%; log-rank P=0.05). Induction of @entity2224 during programmed ventricular stimulation in contrast to left ventricular ejection fraction was the single independent prognostic factor for future @entity737 activation (hazard ratio, 4.195; P=0.007; confidence interval, 1.467-11.994). CONCLUSIONS: Inducibility of @entity2224 was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent @entity737 activation and @entity1164 surrogate.

title: Primary prevention of XXXX in a nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy population: reappraisal of the role of programmed ventricular stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: Histological and immunohistochemical features of 87 @entity1 with conventionally diagnosed @entity2828 were studied retrospectively on routinely processed material and evaluated with regard to prognostic significance. 74% were convincingly positive when stained for @entity2277 , 13% were doubtful, and 13% were negative. A varying degree of positivity for @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) was found in 15%; these cases all co-expressed @entity2277 . @entity5 contained scattered cytokeratin-positive cells. Positivity for the @entity8116 ( @entity8116 ) could be demonstrated in three cases; these were excluded from the statistical analysis of prognostic factors. Growth pattern, soft tissue invasion, monomorphic or dimorphic cell population, and PAS-, @entity3508 - or @entity2277 -positivity did not influence survival significantly. However, prognosis was increasingly poor with increasing degree of @entity39 : median survival was 28 months for grade I @entity39 (less than 10%), 16 months for grade II (10-50%), and 11 months for grade III (greater than 50%), p less than 0.0005. A mitosis count of less than 1 per @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) was correlated to a median survival of 26 months, greater than or equal to 1 per @entity2101 to 12 months, p less than 0.05. The findings indicate some degree of heterogeneity in @entity2828 which may be related to primitive @entity5 ( @entity5 ), or be a true @entity8523 . In future trials, diagnostic criteria (including immunohistochemistry) should be clearly defined and materials should be large enough to allow for stratification according to prognostic factors.

title: XXXX . A retrospective study of histological and immunohistochemical factors and their relation to prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['A single tumour', 'PNETs', 'peripheral neuroectodermal tumours']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['LCA', 'leukocyte common antigen']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'high-powerfield']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical outcome of conservative treatment in @entity1 with @entity397 of the medial head of the gastrocnemius (" @entity13197 ") occurring during exercise and training and the effect of the compression treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (conservative treatment=15; compression treatment=15), aged 30-45 years, with clinically suspected @entity397 of the medial head of the gastrocnemius occurring during exercise and training were referred for ultrasonography (US) examination. All @entity1 underwent US of the affected and contralateral asymptomatic limb. Follow-up clinical evaluation and US imaging of all @entity1 each were performed at 1-week intervals during the month after injury and at 2-week intervals during the following 6 months. US findings were analyzed with respect to the integrity of the musculotendinous junctions of the gastrocnemius, the presence of a fluid collection, and the union time of the medial head of the gastrocnemius with the soleus muscle. In addition, we analyzed the clinical outcome of the compression treatment. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 who had an initial US examination after their injury, partial @entity397 of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle was identified in 11 @entity1 (36.7%); the remaining 19 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity397 . Fluid collection between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle was identified in 25 @entity1 (83.3%). First union of the medial head of the gastrocnemius with the soleus muscle in the compressive group was significantly rapid than that of the conservative group (4.25 vs. 3.25 weeks; P=.02). Fluid collection between the two muscles after 1 month in the compressive group was significantly smaller than that in the conservative group (8.9 vs. 4.5 mm; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early compressive treatment in @entity1 with @entity397 of the medial head of the gastrocnemius decreases the @entity548 amount and can be possible for early ambulation.

title: Ruptures of the medial head of the gastrocnemius (" XXXX "): clinical outcome and compression effect.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['complete rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity13197 :: (MESH:D010264,Disease) :: ['tennis leg']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Review of publications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of physical capacity (peak @entity26 uptake, peak power output, muscle strength of the @entity2045 and respiratory function) in wheelchair-dependent @entity1 with a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: Pubmed (Medline) search of publications from 1980 onwards. Studies were systematically assessed. Weighted means were calculated for baseline values. RESULTS: In @entity1688 , the weighted mean for peak @entity26 uptake was 0.89 l/min for the wheelchair exercise test (WCE) and 0.87 l/min for arm-cranking or hand-cycling ( @entity1289 ). The peak power output was 26 W (WCE) and 40 W ( @entity1289 ). In @entity451 , the peak @entity26 uptake was 2.10 l/min (WCE) and 1.51 l/min ( @entity1289 ), whereas the peak power output was 74 W ( @entity1289 ) and 85 W (WCE). In @entity451 , muscle strength of the @entity2045 and respiratory function were comparable to that in the able-bodied population. In @entity1688 muscle strength varied greatly, and respiratory function was reduced to 55-59% of the predicted values for an age-, gender- and height-matched able-bodied population. CONCLUSIONS: Physical capacity is reduced and varies in @entity1566 . The variation between results is caused by population and methodological differences. Standardized measurement of physical capacity is needed to further develop comparative values for clinical practice and rehabilitation research.

title: Physical capacity in wheelchair-dependent @entity1 with a XXXX : a critical review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Camptocormia, characterised by a forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine may occur in various @entity717 , mainly in @entity191 or in @entity3520 . In severe cases, @entity1 with @entity3518 are unable to walk. While treatment options are limited, deep brain stimulation (DBS) with bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been proposed as a therapeutic option in refractory cases of @entity191 . Here we present two @entity1 with severe @entity3518 as an isolated form of @entity3519 and as part of generalised @entity3519 , respectively, which were both treated with bilateral stimulation of the GPi. Symptoms of @entity3519 were assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden @entity3519 rating scale (BFM) before and during deep brain stimulation. In both @entity1 there was a significant functional improvement following long-term bilateral GPi stimulation and both @entity1 gained ability to walk. In the first @entity1 with an isolated @entity3520 the BFM motor subscore for the truncal flexion improved by 75 %. The total BFM motor score in the second @entity1 with a @entity3518 in generalised @entity3519 improved by 45 %, while the BFM score for truncal flexion improved by 87 %. In both @entity1 the effect of the bilateral GPi stimulation on @entity3518 was substantial, independent of generalisation of @entity3519 . Therefore, GPi DBS is a possible treatment option for this rare disease.

title: Pallidal deep brain stimulation relieves XXXX in @entity3520 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic camptocormia', 'primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity3518 :: (MESH:C537968,Disease) :: ['camptocormia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injuries rank high among the leading causes of @entity204 and disability annually, injuring over 50 million and killing over 5 million @entity1 globally. Approximately 90% of these @entity204 occur in developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To estimate and identify the risk factors for @entity130 in the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (RHDSS) in Tanzania. METHODS: Secondary data from the RHDSS covering the period 2002 and 2007 was examined. Verbal autopsy data was used to determine the causes of @entity204 based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Trend and Poisson regression tests were used to investigate the associations between risk factors and @entity130 . RESULTS: The overall crude @entity204 rate was 33.4/100 000 population. Injuries accounted for 4% of total @entity204 . @entity1 were three times more likely to die from injuries compared with @entity1 (adjusted IRR (incidence risk ratios)=3.04, p=0.001, 95% CI (2.22 to 4.17)). The elderly (defined as 65+) were 2.8 times more likely to die from injuries compared with @entity1 under 15 years of age (adjusted IRR=2.83, p=0.048, 95% CI (1.01 to 7.93)). The highest frequency of @entity204 resulted from road traffic crashes. CONCLUSIONS: Injury is becoming an important cause of mortality in the Rufiji district. @entity130 varied by age and gender in this area. Most injuries are preventable, policy makers need to institute measures to address the issue.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in rural Tanzania: a secondary data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Men', 'people']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'injury death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injury mortality', 'injury mortality']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury mortality']


abstract: RNase MRP is a eukaryotic endoribonuclease involved in nucleolar and mitochondrial RNA processing events. RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein particle, which is structurally related to RNase P, an endoribonuclease involved in pre-tRNA processing. Most of the protein components of RNase MRP have been reported to be associated with RNase P as well. In this study we determined the association of these protein subunits with the @entity1 RNase MRP and RNase P particles by @entity653 gradient sedimentation and coimmunoprecipitation. In agreement with previous studies, RNase MRP sedimented at 12S and 60-80S. In contrast, only a single major peak was observed for RNase P at 12S. The analysis of individual protein subunits revealed that @entity40439 (also known as @entity40439 ), @entity49995 , @entity49996 , and @entity49997 only sedimented in 12S fractions, whereas @entity49998 , @entity49999 , @entity50000 , and @entity50001 were also found in 60-80S fractions. In agreement with their cosedimentation with RNase P RNA in the 12S peak, coimmunoprecipitation with VSV-epitope-tagged protein subunits revealed that @entity40439 , @entity49995 , and in addition @entity7817 preferentially associate with RNase P. These data show that @entity40439 , @entity49995 , and @entity7817 may not be associated with RNase MRP. Furthermore, @entity49996 and @entity49997 appear to be associated with only a subset of RNase MRP particles, in contrast to @entity49998 , @entity49999 , @entity50000 , and @entity50001 (and possibly also @entity49996 ), which are probably associated with all RNase MRP complexes. Our data are consistent with a transient association of @entity49996 and @entity49997 with RNase MRP, which may be inversely correlated to its involvement in pre-rRNA processing.

title: Differential association of protein subunits with the XXXX RNase MRP and RNase P complexes.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In a pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy and the safety of @entity6944 , a new @entity5898 with extended-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as empirical monotherapy for 108 febrile episodes in 84 @entity5 @entity1 . @entity6944 (2 g tds) was given for a minimum of 7 days or until resolution of @entity281 . Of the 108 episodes, 91 were evaluable. Microbiologically documented @entity281 occurred in 25 @entity1 (27%) (18 Gram-positive, 7 Gram-negative), of whom 18 had @entity582 . Infection was clinically documented in 47 @entity1 (52%) and @entity221 was unexplained in 19 (21%). Overall, 71% (65/91) of the @entity281 resolved. Response rates were 86% (6/7) for Gram-negative @entity281 , 44% (8/18) for Gram-positive @entity281 (57% for @entity6944 -susceptible Gram-positive bacteria), 77% (36/47) for clinically documented @entity281 and 79% (15/19) for unexplained fevers. Of the 26 @entity1 (29%) whose primary @entity281 did not improve with @entity6944 monotherapy, 23 responded after the addition of other antibiotics. Sixteen @entity1 (18%) developed secondary @entity281 of which 13 were microbiologically documented; Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from seven @entity1 , Gram-negative bacteria from two, fungi from three and a virus from one. Adverse effects were mild and did not require premature discontinuation of therapy except for one @entity1 who developed an immediate @entity56 after the first dose of @entity6944 from which he recovered fully. The survival rate after resolution of @entity3028 was 96%; three @entity1 died of primary @entity2348 and one from secondary disseminated @entity7553 . In this pilot study, @entity6944 monotherapy appeared safe and effective as empirical therapy for @entity221 in @entity5 @entity1 with @entity3028 . Whether @entity6944 is superior to other advanced-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of Gram-positive @entity281 will require evaluation in a larger comparative study.

title: @entity6944 monotherapy for the empirical treatment of XXXX in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'granulocytopenic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefepime', 'cefepime']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: 127 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the testis were given @entity12962 chemotherapy ( @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 ) between 1979-1986. Long-term follow-up (median 65 months) has shown an overall 5 year survival of 87.2% (95% confidence limits 81.1%-93.3%). Outcome was related to both @entity5 volume and serum marker levels of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) and beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with 5 year actuarial survivals of 97.8%, 72.2% and 26.7% respectively for small, large and very large volume disease defined by Medical Research Council criteria, and 91.2% and 60.8%, respectively, for @entity1 with low (alpha FP less than or equal to 500 kU/l and HCG less than or equal to 1000 iU/l) or high serum marker levels. 79 @entity1 (62%) had a complete radiological and serum marker response to chemotherapy alone; residual masses postchemotheraphy were resected in 39 @entity1 (31%), showing undifferentiated @entity5 in only 6 (15%). 23 of the 127 @entity1 (18%) failed to respond or developed recurrent disease after @entity12962 ; only 5 were successfully salvaged. Myelotoxicity of treatment was mild with grade 4 @entity137 in 2% of chemotherapy courses and 3 episodes of @entity1398 . Mean glomerular filtration rates fell by 15.6% between courses 1 and 4 of @entity12962 . @entity1732 @entity55 developed in 13% of cases with 1 fatality. So far 21 @entity1 have had @entity1 following chemotherapy, but semen analysis 12 months or more (median 36 months) after treatment showed @entity3893 in 11 out of 54 (20%) @entity1 tested. @entity12962 chemotherapy can be regarded as standard treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 in low-risk categories, but more intensive therapy is required for advanced presentations. Strategies to develop "risk related" treatment are under investigation.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity2879 and XXXX ( @entity12962 ) for metastatic testicular teratoma: long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'NSGCT', 'non-seminomatous germ cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the UK, @entity1 frequently choose complementary (CAM) therapies, particularly for chronic @entity4512 . It is widely agreed that better integration of complementary and traditional healthcare is desirable. We piloted the Benefits and Risks of Treatment Questionnaire to compare the views of different healthcare practitioners about traditional and alternative approaches in one clinical scenario in order to assess barriers to effective integration. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of healthcare practitioners (primary care practitioners, physiotherapists, pharmacists, osteopaths, chiropractors and acupuncturists) in the UK. The views of all healthcare providers were compared using the exemplar of neck, shoulder and upper @entity158 to explore the perceived risks and benefits of different types of therapeutic intervention using a mathematical cluster approach. RESULTS: 448/1254 (36%) useable replies were received representing all six professions. A mean of 14.9 years of experience was reported by @entity1 . The cluster analyses revealed distinct clusters of opinion of benefit: primary care physicians, physiotherapists and pharmacists were significantly more likely to rate a cluster including: anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity134 injections, @entity230 , physiotherapy, @entity1443 and antidepressants as beneficial for neck, shoulder and upper @entity158 . In contrast, osteopaths and chiropractors, but not physiotherapists were significantly more likely to rate a cluster including chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy as beneficial. CONCLUSION: The Beliefs about Risks and Benefits of Treatments Questionnaire can be applied using a postal approach and achieves similar response rates to other surveys amongst healthcare practitioners. Despite widespread agreement that increased integration of traditional and alternative approaches is desirable, the results of this study suggest that experienced practitioners show the strongest belief in the benefit of approaches closest to their own training and background and the most wariness of risk to those therapies furthest from their background.

title: A pilot study to compare the views of traditionally trained and CAM-trained therapists using the clinical exemplar of the management of neck/upper limb XXXX to assess barriers to effective integration of approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['painful musculoskeletal conditions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: We have performed a Phase I clinical trial with the naturally occurring flavonoid @entity3092 ( @entity29278 ). @entity3092 has antiproliferative activity in vitro and is known to inhibit signal transduction targets including @entity669 kinases, protein kinase C, and @entity4357 -3 kinase. @entity3092 was administered by short i.v. infusion at escalating doses initially at 3-week intervals. The first dose level was 60 mg/m2; at the 10th dose level of 1700 mg/m2, dose-limiting nephrotoxicity was encountered, but no myelosuppression. At the preceding dose level of 1400 mg/m2, five @entity1 were treated at 3-week intervals, and another eight @entity1 were treated on a once-weekly schedule; overall, 2 of 10 evaluable @entity1 had @entity8 , 1 at grade 2 and 1 at grade 4. We therefore treated other @entity1 at 945 mg/m2 (eight at 3-week intervals and six at weekly intervals); 3 of 14 @entity1 had clinically significant @entity8 , 2 @entity1 with grade 2 and 1 @entity1 with grade 3. @entity1 treated on the weekly schedule did not have cumulative @entity8 but did have a fall in the glomerular filtration rate of 19 +/- 8% in the 24 h after drug administration. We recommend 1400 mg/m2 as the bolus dose, which may be given either in 3-week or weekly intervals, for Phase II trials. @entity3092 pharmacokinetics were described by a first-order two-compartment model with a median t(1/2)alpha of 6 min and median t(1/2)beta of 43 min. The median estimated clearance was 0.28 liter/min/m2, and median volume of distribution at steady state was 3.7 liter/m2. In 9 of 11 @entity1 , lymphocyte protein @entity669 phosphorylation was inhibited following administration of @entity3092 at 1 h, which persisted to 16 h. In one @entity1 with @entity43 refractory to @entity900 , following two courses of @entity3092 (420 mg/m2), the CA 125 had fallen from 295 to 55 units/ml, and in another @entity1 with @entity157 , the serum @entity160 fell. In conclusion, @entity3092 can be safely administered by i.v. bolus at a dose injection. The plasma levels achieved inhibited lymphocyte @entity669 kinase activity, and evidence of antitumor activity was seen.

title: Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid @entity3092 : pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo XXXX kinase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl inositol']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air-pollution levels have been shown to be associated with increased morbidity of @entity1576 . METHODS: Data for ambient air-pollutant levels, meteorologic factors, and hospitalization or emergency room (ER) visits for acute @entity565 in Singapore @entity1 over a 5-year period (1990-4) were obtained and analyzed for associations by time-series methods. RESULTS: Throughout this period, the annual mean and 24-h mean levels for @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ), @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), and total suspended particles (TSP) and maximum 1-h daily average for @entity1787 were generally within the air-quality guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, positive correlation between levels of each of these pollutants and daily ER visits for @entity565 was observed in @entity1 aged 3-12 years, but not among adolescents and young adults (13-21 years old). The association with @entity9734 and TSP persisted after standardization for meteorologic and temporal variables. An adjusted increase in 2.9 ER visits for every 20 microg/m3 increase in atmospheric @entity9734 levels, lagged by 1 day, was observed on days when levels were above 68 microg/m3. With TSP, an adjusted increase of 5.80 ER visits for every 20 microg/m3 increase in its daily atmospheric levels, lagged by 1 day, was observed on days with levels above 73 microg/m3. Similar results were also obtained after controlling for autocorrelation by time-series analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These associations were observed even though the overall levels of all pollutants were generally within the air-quality guidelines established by the WHO. These findings suggest that @entity748 @entity1 are susceptible to increased levels of air pollutants, particularly @entity9734 and TSP, although the ambient levels are generally within "acceptable" ranges.

title: Association of ambient air-pollution levels with acute @entity565 exacerbation among XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Plant cell wall modification is a critical component in stress responses. Endo-1,4-b-glucanases (EGs) take part in cell wall editing processes, e.g. elongation, ripening and abscission. Here we studied the @entity281 response of @entity523 and @entity958 with impaired EGs. Transgenic TomCel1 and TomCel2 tomato antisense plants challenged with @entity3437 showed higher susceptibility, callose priming and increased jasmonic acid pathway marker gene expression. These two EGs could be resistance factors and may act as negative regulators of callose deposition, probably by interfering with the defence-signalling network. A study of a set of @entity958 EG T-DNA insertion mutants challenged with @entity3437 and @entity14261 revealed that the lack of other EGs interferes with @entity281 phenotype, callose deposition, expression of signalling pathway marker genes and hormonal balance. We conclude that a lack of EGs could alter plant response to pathogens by modifying the properties of the cell wall and/or interfering with signalling pathways, contributing to generate the appropriate signalling outcomes. Analysis of microarray data demonstrates that EGs are differentially expressed upon many different plant-pathogen challenges, hormone treatments and many abiotic stresses. We found some @entity958 EG mutants with increased tolerance to osmotic and salt stress. Our results show that impairing EGs can alter plant-pathogen interactions and may contribute to appropriate signalling outcomes in many different biotic and abiotic plant stress responses.

title: Functional analysis of endo-1,4-b-glucanases in response to @entity14261 and XXXX reveals their involvement in plant-pathogen interactions.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['Solanum lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae', 'P. syringae']

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea']

answer: @entity3437 :: (317,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas syringae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity5 , pretreatment diagnosis of cartilage invasion often warrants a surgical or a bimodal treatment. Controversy exists on whether laryngeal @entity1844 on computed tomography (CT) scan is a sign of @entity5 invasion. Our objective is to evaluate locoregional, laryngectomy-free, disease-specific, and overall survival in @entity1 with @entity5 with or without laryngeal @entity1844 treated with primary radiation therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral university center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All @entity5 @entity1 treated with primary radiation therapy between 2002 and 2007 were included. @entity1 with and without laryngeal @entity1844 on CT scan were identified. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional-hazards regression. RESULTS: One hundred eleven @entity1 were included for analysis. Seventy-nine @entity1 were classified as T1 or T2, and 32 @entity1 were classified as T3 or T4. Twenty-three percent of @entity1 had any laryngeal @entity1844 , and 77% of @entity1 had no @entity1463 . On univariate and multivariate analyses, there was no statistically significant difference between @entity1 with or without @entity1463 . Results did not vary when studying each cartilage separately. CONCLUSION: @entity5 @entity1 with @entity1844 on CT scan do not have significantly different survival than @entity1 without @entity1463 . Validation of these results prospectively is warranted.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in @entity5 treated with primary radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'Laryngeal cancer']

answer: @entity1844 :: (MESH:D002357,Disease) :: ['cartilage sclerosis']


abstract: Leve @entity4677 Keppra(  )] is a second generation antiepileptic drug for different types of epil @entity302 adults and chil @entity1 1 month. The objective is to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the pharmacokinetics of leve @entity4677 Japanese chil @entity1 adults as well as North American chil @entity1 e purpose being to explore potential dosing recommendations in Japanese chil @entity1 ve @entity4677 sma concentration-time data were obtained from Japanese adult and pediatric clinical studies. The data were analyzed through non-linear mixed effects modelling. The model was used to perform simulations and compare the exposure in Japanese chil @entity1 adults. It was subsequently extended to North American chil @entity1 ough an external validation. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination adequately described the data. The exposure parameters determined based on the simulations in chil @entity1 e well within the adult range. The external validation against historical data from North American chil @entity1 successful. The integrated population pharmacokinetic model provided a good description of the data, confirming the similarity of leve @entity4677 rmacokinetics in these various populations. In Japanese chil @entity1 target dose of 10 to 30 mg/kg twice daily ensures the same exposure as the recommended dose in Japanese adults of 500 to 1,500 mg twice daily.

title: Development of an integrated population pharmacokinetic model for oral XXXX in populations of various ages and ethnicities.

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam', 'Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 75-year-old @entity1 was admitted with increasing dyspnoea and recurrent left-sided @entity662 , at first during exercise and later at rest. No cardiovascular risk factors could be found. His past medical history revealed mastectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 and an operation for @entity1067 . At admission the @entity1 was in very poor conditions with marked orthopnoea. Bilateral moist rales were heard over both lungs with a 3/6 diastolic murmur an @entity299 . INVESTIGATIONS: Anterolateral ST segment @entity308 in the ECG and signs of @entity4 in chest X-ray were also noted. Echocardiography discovered global reduced left ventricular contractility with @entity337 (II degree) in mild @entity886 . Coronary angiography demonstrated marked dilatation of the coronary arteries without @entity850 . The ascending aorta was dilated without angiographic signs of a dissection. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: After medical treatment and a short period without symptoms the @entity1 had to be resuscitated and died after a intense attack of dyspnoea and @entity662 . The autopsy revealed a focal dissection of the ascending aorta with a small @entity1755 caused by idiopathic Erdheim's medial @entity39 . CONCLUSION: Erdheim's medical @entity39 is an important cause of @entity1580 and @entity1755 . If symptoms of acute severe @entity662 are present and a coronary syndrome can be excluded, possible @entity66 should be investigated. The reported case demonstrates the short time window between onset of symptoms and the necessary treatment.

title: [ XXXX in idiopathic Gsell-Erdheim medial @entity39 ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac auscultation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Aortic rupture']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the @entity137 and efficacy of the current phase II chemoradiation protocol. Stage III or IV locally advanced head and neck @entity957 arising from the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, or larynx were treated using hyperfractionated radiation (74.4 Gy at twice-daily fractions of 1.2 Gy) in combination with a 5- @entity1487 , @entity900 , @entity1311 regimen, and an @entity8503 infusion. Thirty-five of 36 eligible @entity1 were evaluable. The overall survival (OVS) was 88%, 82%, and 66% at 1, 2, and 3 years respectively. Twenty-five @entity1 (71%) had a complete response, which was maintained in 20 (57%) @entity1 until last follow up or @entity204 . Disease-free survival (DFS) of the complete responders was 92% at 1 year and 77% at 2 years and 3 years, respectively. Percutaneous endoscopic @entity734 lasted for a median of 7 months. Grade 3 and 4 @entity33 occurred in 23 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Comparison with a similar study ( @entity3750 ) that did not include @entity8503 showed no significant benefit to the addition of @entity8503 in these @entity1 . A locoregional control benefit should be confirmed in a prospective, randomized trial. Alternative @entity8503 delivery methods should be investigated.

title: Phase II study of tolerance and efficacy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy and @entity1487 , @entity900 , and @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and @entity8503 ( @entity8503 ) in head and neck XXXX : A-3 protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy dependency']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity43 is characterized by peritoneal @entity3 and the accumulation of @entity843 . Peritoneal @entity3 of @entity43 is a major cause of the negative treatment outcome, as these metastases are resistant to most chemotherapy regimens. The aim of this study was to clarify aggressive pathology of peritoneal @entity3 and examine the therapeutic efficacy of a liposomal agent in the model. METHODS: A @entity1 @entity5 cell line @entity1 of @entity43 , known as a chemotherapy-resistant @entity5 , was cultured in nonadherent plate to form spheroid and single cell suspension was transplanted into @entity19 peritoneal cavity. The @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) pathways in the cellular aggregates were analyzed both spheroid and @entity843 . The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of @entity2600 (45 mg/kg) and IHL-305 (45 mg/kg), an @entity2600 -encapsulated liposome, were examined by intravenous administration. RESULTS: Established peritoneal @entity3 model showed an accumulation of @entity843 . The activation of @entity12841 and @entity1994 was demonstrated in cellular aggregates both in the spheroid and @entity843 . In @entity843 samples, the area under the curve of @entity2600 , the activated form of @entity2600 , was 3.8 times higher from IHL-305-treated @entity19 than from @entity2600 -treated @entity19 . IHL-305 prolonged the survival time and decreased the accumulation of @entity843 and @entity5 @entity3 . The median survival time were 22, 37 and 54 days in the control, @entity2600 -treated, and IHL-305-treated @entity19 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12841 / @entity1994 pathway contributes to the aggressive progression in ES-2 peritoneal @entity3 model and effective delivery into @entity843 of IHL-305 was thought to useful treatment for @entity43 with peritoneal @entity3 .

title: PEGylated liposome IHL-305 markedly improved the survival of @entity43 peritoneal @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity39291 is primarily affecting @entity1 in underprivileged countries and results in disfiguring @entity154 , loss of mandibular movement, and subsequent social disintegration. Plastic surgery in West Africa traditionally uses pedicled flaps. In large, complex, or central @entity154 , though, pedicled flaps are apt to be too small or have a significant donor site morbidity. Since 1999, we have been using free microvascular flaps in Nigeria. In 5 Interplast missions, 31 @entity1 (age 5-45 years, median 20 years, female to male ratio 18:13) underwent 31 free flap procedures in Nigeria, 27 of them for primary treatment. The operative time ranged from 3.75-8.75 hours (mean 5.5 hours). An external distractor/fixator to maintain mouth opening was mounted in 13 cases. All anastomoses were done with loupe magnification. Three flaps failed completely, 1 partly, and 4 @entity1 showed @entity2737 . No donor-site complications occurred. Free flaps can be a suitable and safe closure for complex @entity39291 even in underprivileged circumstances, if @entity1 profile and own microsurgical routine allows it. @entity1 disfigurement can be less than in pedicled flaps regarding the donor sites.

title: Microsurgical reconstruction of noma-related XXXX with folded free flaps: an overview of 31 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial defects']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['minor wound infections']

entities_list: @entity39291 :: ('MESH:D009625', 'Disease') :: ['Noma', 'noma defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['facial defects']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Pathologies of senescence, in particular those of neurosensory organs represent an important health problem. The improvement of the life expectation entails the fast increase of the frequency of the presbyacusis in the population. The biological and molecular causes of this degenerative pathology of the inner ear are linked to the disappearance of the sensory cells (inner and outer hair cells) and are associated to nervous damages of the @entity4494 in the cochlea. We were interested in mechanisms causing the @entity528 in a model of @entity19 @entity2659 presenting prematurely auditive losses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tried to correlate the evolution of the hearing and the appearance of apoptotic phenomena by marking with specific antibody, activated anti- @entity185 , in the cochlea during time. We studied the role and the involvement of proteins controlling the apoptosis as the @entity899 protein and from an energy point of view at the level of the mitochondria such as proteins of the @entity1379 family and the cytochrome c in the various structures of the cochlea. RESULTS: After implantation of electrodes for auditory nerve acoustic thresholds measurements, the audition of @entity19 @entity2659 presented a characteristic profile of @entity393 which begins in the high frequencies from the age of 1 month and which quickly evolves towards the low frequencies. The observation (between the 1st and 3rd month of age) of @entity4494 cells revealed an unchanged number of cellular bodies of type 1 neurons, on the other hand a characteristic morphology of apoptosis of glial cells with the formation of apoptotic body was noted. Indeed, glial cells expressed activated @entity185 . Furthermore, this phenomenon seems to be under the control of the pro-apoptotic protein @entity1380 by its overexpression and a increased release of the cytochrome c. This phenomenon was followed at 3 and 6 months by the disappearance of the outer hair cells by 9 and 48% respectively. CONCLUSION: The apparition of the @entity2319 in the murin model @entity2659 allowed us to demonstrate that the degeneration of cochlear structure begins at the level of glial cells of the @entity4494 from 3 months, followed thereafter by the deterioration of the nervous conduction between the @entity4494 and the sensory cells. As a consequence, because of the impoverishment in nervous signals, the outer hair cells would begin to disappear during the 6th month. In conclusion, the understanding of the sequence and the cause of these mechanisms responsible for the @entity528 and the loss of hearing could eventually, allow us to optimize the various treatments of the presbyacusis.

title: [Implication of mitochondrial apoptosis in XXXX in a @entity19 model for presbycusis].

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing losses']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neural degeneration', 'cochlear degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neural degeneration of cochlea']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1577 are particularly at risk of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Prevalence of these infections increases with age to around 15 %. The main species involved are @entity7665 and @entity3069 , the latter not found in @entity1 under 15. Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological and above all bacteriological criteria defined by the ATS. Identification of the causal species of NTM is essential and requires genetic techniques, some of which are currently evaluated. Treatment depends on the mycobacterial species. For @entity3069 , combined therapy with @entity1215 , @entity4581 and @entity3110 must be extended 12 months after negativation. @entity7665 infection is particularly resistant to therapy. Usual treatment is a one month course of intravenous @entity2892 or @entity3398 plus @entity4509 followed by oral @entity4581 plus @entity3110 for at least 12 months after negativation. In case of @entity75 , surgery is an option.

title: [Nontuberculous mycobacteria in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['local lesions']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tongqiaohuoxue decoction (THD), a water extract of a mixture of eight species of medicinal herbs, has been used for the treatment of @entity1503 and @entity49 in traditional East Asian medicine since 18th century. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the in vivo efficacy of THD using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity28 @entity19 with @entity32 and a prothrombotic state as an early vascular model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THD was prepared by hot water extraction and freeze-drying. Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into three groups. Group 1 (NC) @entity19 were fed normal chow. @entity19 in group 2 (HFD) and 3 (HFD+THD) were fed with HFD for 12 weeks. In addition, Group 3 @entity19 were administered with 100mg/kg body weight THD for 4 weeks after onset of @entity28 by HFD for 8 weeks. @entity413 tolerance tests and histological tissue examinations were performed. The levels of adipokines, inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic markers were assessed. RESULTS: The oral administration of THD for 4 weeks had no effect on the liver, adipose tissue, or total body weight when the HFD and HFD+THD groups were compared. Nevertheless, @entity19 treated in THD interestingly showed a significant increase in @entity30206 in blood and adipose tissue. To verify the effect of THD on @entity30206 , 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with THD; it stimulated @entity30206 production in a dose-dependent manner. In the HFD+THD group, pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated in the blood, adipose tissue, and liver. Insulin resistance was also notably improved by THD. Simultaneously, THD significantly reduced @entity15630 ( @entity15630 ) levels in serum, adipose tissue, and liver. Fibrin deposition and tPA activity, downstream targets of @entity15630 , were also notably reduced in the HFD+THD group compared to the HFD group. CONCLUSIONS: THD improved @entity28 -induced @entity32 and insulin resistance by increasing @entity30206 production. Additionally, THD administration exerted an anti- @entity715 effect through the regulation of @entity15630 and fibrinolysis. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a traditional East Asian medicine by providing scientific evidence and suggesting a possible mechanism of action.

title: Tongqiaohuoxue decoction ameliorates @entity28 -induced @entity32 and the prothrombotic state by regulating XXXX and @entity15630 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15630 :: ('18787(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity30206 :: (11450(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 of the soleal and gastrocnemial veins seldom receive very much attention. It is thought that they are frequently the starting point for @entity1150 of the lower extremity. @entity1 AND METHODS: 125 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1150 of the leg were examined by means of duplex sonography and phlebography. The ultrasound examination was performed on the lower limb in the form of a compression sonography. RESULTS: From 137 legs examined, a total of 82 cases of @entity1150 were diagnosed. Sonographically and/or phlebographically, the soleal and/or gastrocnemial veins were found to be involved in 65 cases of @entity715 , i.e. 79% of all @entity715 . 25% of all cases of @entity1150 of the leg were isolated muscular @entity715 . @entity158 in the @entity291 while walking, similar to muscular soreness after exertion, was typical of the isolated muscular @entity715 . The muscular veins were involved in all the @entity1150 of the leg of the 3- and 4-layer type. Diagnosis of soleal and gastrocnemial @entity715 is quite possible by means of sonography and phlebography. The sensitivity and specificity of the compression sonography were 88% and 95% respectively, compared to the phlebography. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 suffering from @entity158 in the @entity291 , the soleal and gastrocnemial veins should be carefully included in the sonographic or phlebographic assessment. Due to the risk of @entity1150 , isolated muscular @entity715 should receive treatment appropriate for a @entity1150 of the @entity291 , and its development be checked.

title: @entity715 of the muscular XXXX veins--reference to a syndrome which receives little attention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'vein thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: Serpin or @entity563 proteinase inhibitor is a family of protease inhibitors that are involved in controlling the proteolytic cascade in various biological processes. In shrimp, several serpins have been identified but only a few have been characterized. Herein, the PmSERPIN3 gene identified from @entity12429 EST database was studied. By using the 5'- and 3'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) techniques, the full-length of PmSERPIN3 cDNA was obtained. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1233 bp encoding for 410 @entity535 residue protein. Genome sequence analysis revealed that the PmSERPIN3 was an intronless gene. RT-PCR analysis revealed that it was constitutively expressed in all developmental stages, all shrimp tissues tested, and upon pathogen infections. The recombinant mature PmSERPIN3 protein (rPmSERPIN3) produced in @entity526 exhibited inhibitory activity against subtilisin. The rPmSERPIN3 also inhibited the shrimp prophenoloxidase system activation in vitro. Injecting the rPmSERPIN3 along with @entity11784 into the shrimp decreased the clearance rate of bacteria in the hemolymph. Potentially, the PmSERPIN3 functions as a regulator of the proPO activating system.

title: PmSERPIN3 from @entity12429 XXXX is capable of controlling the proPO system.

entities_list: @entity12429 :: ('6687', 'Species') :: ['Penaeus monodon']

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio harveyi']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity12429 :: (6687,Species) :: ['Penaeus monodon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Task shifting to nurses for antiretroviral therapy (ART) is promoted by the World Health Organization to compensate for the severe shortage of physicians in Africa. We assessed the effectiveness of task shifting from physicians to nurses in rural district hospitals in Cameroon. METHODS: We performed a cohort study using data from the Stratall trial, designed to assess monitoring strategies in 2006-2010. ART-naive @entity1 were followed up for 24 months after treatment initiation. Clinical visits were performed by nurses or physicians. We assessed the associations between the consultant ratio (ie, the ratio of the number of nurse-led visits to the number of physician-led visits) and @entity645 virological success, @entity404 recovery, mortality, and disease progression to @entity204 or to the World Health Organization clinical stage 4 in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Of the 4141 clinical visits performed in 459 @entity1 (70.6% female, median age 37 years), a quarter was task shifted to nurses. The consultant ratio was not significantly associated with virological success [odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 1.72, P = 0.990], @entity404 recovery (coefficient -3.6, 95% CI: -35.6; 28.5, P = 0.827), mortality (time ratio 1.39, 95% CI: 0.27 to 7.06, P = 0.693), or disease progression (time ratio 1.60, 95% CI: 0.35 to 7.37, P = 0.543). CONCLUSIONS: This study brings important evidence about the comparability of ART-related outcomes between @entity645 models of care based on physicians or nurses in resource-limited settings. Investing in nursing resources for the management of noncomplex @entity1 should help reduce costs and @entity1 waiting lists while freeing up physician time for the management of complex cases, for mentoring and supervision activities, and for other health interventions.

title: Task shifting XXXX care in rural district hospitals in Cameroon: evidence of comparable antiretroviral treatment-related outcomes between nurses and physicians in the Stratall ANRS/ESTHER trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of @entity7 , @entity1199 , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 and soluble @entity10497 in the pathogenesis of @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 10 healthy @entity1 who developed severe @entity43 , group A (n=10), following ovarian stimulation by long GnRHa/hMG protocol for IVF. A control group B=10 @entity1 underwent stimulation with the same protocol and did not develop @entity14563 . Blood and ascitic fluid samples were assayed for @entity7 , @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 and sIL-6R by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in @entity14563 group were 297.5+/-190, 6588+/-5566, 40.6+/-16.6, 5280+/-3326 and 492+/-165 pg/ml as compared to 50.8+/-17.4, 1100+/-391.6, 8.5+/-3.5, 516+/-342 and 167+/-31.3 pg/ml in the control group, respectively, P<0.001. The mean ascitic fluid @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in the @entity14563 group were 282.5+/-191.5 pg/ml, 26020+/-13 995, 90.5+/-36, 14900+/-2789 and 660+/-359 pg/ml as compared to 32+/-14.8, 1206+/-429.4, 12.6+/-1.7, 614+/-240 and 151+/-20.5 pg/ml, respectively, P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The significantly high levels of @entity7 in @entity1 with severe @entity14563 suggest that @entity7 is a major capillary permeability agent in @entity14563 . Elevated levels of @entity650 in serum and peritoneal fluid support the hypothesis that @entity650 may serve as a marker of @entity14563 . Although serum and ascitic fluid levels of @entity1199 were elevated, accumulating evidence does not support a pivotal role for @entity1199 in the pathogenesis of @entity14563 . However, it may have a peripheral role in mediating an increase in vascular permeability. Soluble @entity2902 and sIL-6R may be considered to be involved in @entity14563 . However, the patho-physiologic mechanism is the subject of further investigations. Clinical application of @entity7 -receptors in the management of @entity14563 is awaited with interest.

title: Elevated levels of @entity1199 , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 , soluble @entity10497 and @entity7 in serum and ascitic fluid of XXXX with severe @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity10497 :: ('3570', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-6 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2 receptor alpha', 'IL-2Ralpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Marine species have colonized extreme environments during evolution such as freshwater habitats. The amphidromous teleost fish, @entity22777 is found mainly migrating between estuaries and rivers, but some landlocked populations have been described in lakes formed during the last deglaciation process in the Andes. In the present study we use mtDNA sequences to reconstruct the historical scenario of colonization of such a @entity17360 and evaluated the osmoregulatory shift associated to changes in habitat and life cycle between amphidromous and landlocked populations. RESULTS: Standard diversity indices including the average number of @entity4334 differences (  ) and the haplotype diversity index (H) indicated that both populations were, as expected, genetically distinctive, being the landlocked population less diverse than the diadromous one. Similarly, pairwise GST and NST comparison detected statistically significant differences between both populations, while genealogy of haplotypes evidenced a recent founder effect from the diadromous stock, followed by an expansion process in the @entity17360 . To test for physiological differences, individuals of both populations were challenged with a range of salinities from 0 to 30 ppt for 8 days following a period of progressive acclimation. The results showed that the landlocked population had a surprisingly wider tolerance to salinity, as landlocked fish survival was 100% from 0 to 20 ppt, whereas diadromous fish survival was 100% only from 10 to 15 ppt. The activity of ATPase enzymes, including @entity4024 / @entity3529 -ATPase (NKA), and @entity8108 -ATPase (HA) was measured in gills and intestine. Activity differences were detected between the populations at the lowest salinities, including differences in ATPases other than NKA and HA. Population differences in mortality are not reflected in enzyme activity differences, suggesting divergence in other processes. CONCLUSIONS: These results clearly demonstrate the striking adaptive changes of @entity22777 osmoregulatory system, especially at hyposmotic environments, associated to a drastic shift in habitat and life cycle at a scale of a few thousand years.

title: Isolation Driven Divergence in Osmoregulation in XXXX (Jenyns, 1848) (Actinopterygii: Osmeriformes).

entities_list: @entity22777 :: ('61620', 'Species') :: ['Galaxias maculatus', 'G. maculatus']

answer: @entity22777 :: (61620,Species) :: ['Galaxias maculatus']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a life-saving treatment for @entity1 with high-risk @entity1583 . Prognostic measures to determine fitness for @entity8 are needed to inform decision-making and interventions. VO(2peak) is obtained by measuring gas exchange during cycle ergometry and has not been studied as a prognostic factor in @entity8 . Thirty-two autologous and allogeneic @entity8 @entity1 underwent VO(2peak) and 6 Minute Walk (6MW) testing before @entity8 , and provided weekly symptom and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessments before @entity8 and concluding at Day 100. Twenty-nine @entity1 completed pre- @entity8 testing. Pre- @entity8 VO(2peak) was positively correlated with pre- @entity8 6MW (r=0.65, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with number of chemotherapy regimens and months of chemotherapy. @entity1 with lower VO(2peak) reported higher symptom burden and inferior HRQOL at baseline and during early post- @entity8 period. @entity1 with pre- @entity8 VO(2peak) <16   mL/kg/min had higher risk of mortality post @entity8 (entire cohort: hazard ratio (HR) 9.1 (1.75-47.0), P=0.01; allogeneic @entity8 @entity1 only: HR 6.70 (1.29-34.75), P=0.02) and more hospitalized days before Day 100 (entire cohort: median 33 vs 19, P=0.003; allogeneic @entity8 @entity1 only: median 33 vs 21, P=0.004). VO(2peak) pre- @entity8 is feasible and might predict symptom severity, HRQOL and mortality. Additional studies are warranted.

title: Cardiopulmonary fitness in @entity1 undergoing XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'Hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic SCT']


abstract: The effect of @entity2124 addition to @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), after pituitary down-regulation, on granulosa cell function, in @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was evaluated. @entity2124 or placebo were added in a prospective, randomized and double-blind manner to an existing @entity52 stimulation protocol. Forty-two normal ovulatory @entity1 (< or = 38 years old) with mechanical factor @entity249 and normal male factor were included in the study. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist ( @entity4397 ) was given from day 21 of the previous cycle until @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration. Follicular stimulation with HMG was started after pituitary down-regulation. @entity2124 12 IU/day or placebo were administered on alternate days, beginning day 1 until day 7 of HMG treatment. Granulosa cell function was evaluated, in all @entity1 , by follicular fluid levels of ovarian @entity230 and @entity442 ( @entity442 ). In 14 @entity1 , chosen arbitrarily granulosa lutein cells were cultured in the presence and absence of additional HCG. Follicular fluid levels of @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity442 were similar in both @entity2124 and placebo groups. Basal and post-HCG levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 did not differ significantly between the two groups of granulosa lutein cell cultures. We conclude that after pituitary down-regulation, in-vivo administration of @entity2124 with HMG in young ovulatory @entity1 does not seem to affect granulosa cell function when compared to the administration of HMG alone.

title: The effect of XXXX on granulosa cell function during @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) patterns in @entity1 with @entity6537 . METHODS: Records of all @entity1 with primary @entity6537 who underwent @entity3217 imaging at the National Eye Institute were reviewed. Fundus autofluorescence patterns were evaluated with respect to clinical disease status and the findings on @entity941 angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: There were 18 eyes (10 @entity1 ) with primary @entity6537 that underwent @entity3217 imaging. Abnormal autofluorescence in the form of granular hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence was seen in 11 eyes (61%), and blockage by @entity66 was seen in 2 eyes (11%). All eyes with granular pattern on @entity3217 had active primary @entity6537 at the time of imaging, but there were 5 eyes with unremarkable @entity3217 , which were found to have @entity706 . The most common pattern on @entity941 angiography was hypofluorescent round spots with a " @entity14301 spot" appearance (43%). These hypofluorescent spots on @entity941 angiography correlated with hyperautofluorescent spots on @entity3217 in 5 eyes (36%) (inversion of @entity3217 ). Nodular hyperreflective spots at the level of retinal pigment epithelium on optical coherence tomography were noted in 43% of eyes. The hyperautofluorescent spots on @entity3217 correlated with nodular hyperreflective spots on optical coherence tomography in 6 eyes (43%). CONCLUSION: Granularity on @entity3217 was associated with @entity706 in majority of the cases. An inversion of @entity3217 (hyperautofluorescent spots on @entity3217 corresponding to hypofluorescent spots on @entity941 angiography) was observed in less than half of the eyes.

title: Fundus autofluorescence patterns in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['active lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6537 :: ('MESH:D064090', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular lymphoma', 'primary intraocular (vitreoretinal) lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity6537 :: (MESH:D064090,Disease) :: ['intraocular lymphoma']


abstract: Plasma infusion (PI) and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) are the most efficient treatment of @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ), allowing achievement of complete remission in 60 to 90% of cases. Life-threatening @entity548 , related to severe @entity882 , is one of the main complications of the disease. @entity882 may also preclude invasive procedures such as splenectomy, which may be required during the management of @entity2106 . Platelet concentrates transfusions are usually thought to worsen the disease, especially if not associated with the appropriate treatment of this latter, and thus should be avoided. We report hereon 2 @entity1 with @entity2106 who experienced a surgical procedure i.e., a cholecystectomy for a @entity2679 , and a splenectomy for a refractory @entity2106 . In both @entity1 , the surgical procedure was preceded by a 60 mL/kg @entity8450 with solvent/detergent treated plasma as replacement fluid, followed by platelet transfusion, with a corrected count increment of 57.1% ( @entity1 1) and 69.3% ( @entity1 2). Using this sequential treatment, the @entity1 did not experience any deterioration of their status. Both @entity1 had a favorable outcome after surgery. However, until such a procedure will be validated on a larger series of @entity1 , it should be restricted to @entity1 presenting with a refractory life-threatening @entity882 and/or requiring surgery or any kind of invasive procedure. Am. J. Hematol. 68:198-201, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Effectiveness of platelet transfusions after XXXX in adult @entity2106 : a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity8450 :: (MESH:D054219,Disease) :: ['plasma exchange']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity2600 /cetuximab administered as third- or fourth-line therapy in a retrospective series of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 refractory to @entity901 and @entity2600 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Most @entity1 (90%) had been previously treated with adjuvant @entity1487 / @entity4181 , and all had received @entity901 -based regimens before receiving @entity2600 -based second-line treatment. Sixty @entity1 with @entity2600 -refractory @entity14 received a regimen comprising weekly @entity2600 120 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous infusion and cetuximab 400 mg/m2 infused over 2 hours as the initial dose and 250 mg/m2 infused over 1 hour for the subsequent administrations. A single treatment cycle comprised 4 weekly infusions followed by 2 weeks of rest. RESULTS: According to an intent-to-treat analysis, a partial response was exhibited in 12 of 60 enrolled @entity1 (20%; 95% confidence interval, 11%-32%) with a median duration of 5.1 months (range, 3-7.4 months). The @entity5 growth control rate was 50% (95% confidence interval, 37%-63%). Objective responses did not correlate with performance status, number of sites of disease, and pretreatments or @entity470 status. The median progression-free survival was 3.1 months (range, 1.2-9 months), whereas median overall survival was 6 months (range, 2-13 months). Both survival parameters correlated with performance status at the beginning of treatment. The main grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity390 (33%), @entity294 (27%), @entity1431 (18%), @entity1395 (13%), and acne-like reaction (13%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the weekly @entity2600 /cetuximab regimen is feasible in an outpatient setting and tolerated by most @entity1 . At present, combinations of chemotherapy with cetuximab are being evaluated in @entity1 with earlier-stage disease in a number of ongoing studies.

title: Efficacy and safety of cetuximab/ XXXX in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic @entity14 : a clinical practice setting, multicenter experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and @entity1173 are unclear in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and may contribute to declining lung function before and after lung transplantation (LTx). METHODS: We sought to establish whether @entity354 occurs in @entity1 with @entity1577 on the LTx waiting list and after LTx. We then investigated whether @entity354 correlates with @entity1 ' symptoms. Adults with @entity1577 on the waiting list and after LTx were prospectively recruited. Completion of a valid, structured symptom questionnaire was followed by ambulatory, dual-probe, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were studied, including 11 (6 males) in the pre-LTx group and 13 (9 males) in the post-LTx group. The pre-LTx group was 29.3 +/- 8.2 years of age, and the post-LTx group was 32.7 +/- 8.2 years of age. DeMeester score (normal value <14.7) was 36.6 +/- 22.3 for the pre-LTx group and 40.0 +/- 37.3 for the post-LTx group. Proximal esophageal acid exposure was significantly higher in both @entity1577 groups compared with normal. Symptom scores (normal <4, range -2 to 18) were: pre-LTx group, 5.8 +/- 6.5; post-LTx group, 7.7 +/- 5.4. Percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) predicted was: pre-LTx group, 31.3 +/- 7.8; post-LTx group, 65.2 +/- 29.3. In the pre-LTx group, 10 of 11 (90.9%) @entity1 had significant @entity354 on monitoring, including 4 (40%) with symptomatic @entity354 and 6 (60%) with silent @entity354 . In the post-LTx group, 11 of 13 (84.6%) had significant @entity354 on monitoring, including 9 (82%) with symptomatic @entity354 and 2 (18%) with silent @entity354 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 , symptomatic and silent, is a significant problem in @entity1577 . This condition should be aggressively treated and surgery should be considered if @entity354 persists on re-testing.

title: Gastroesophageal reflux (symptomatic and silent): a potentially significant problem in @entity1 with XXXX before and after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Five days after birth of a viable Fell pony filly, yellow watery @entity294 appeared without any signs of @entity262 . Four days later the @entity294 ceased. On 11th day, the animal showed apathy, and a few days later, the foal was very lethargic, suffered from @entity425 and severe watery @entity294 that reappeared. The illness did not respond to therapy. At the age of 21 days the filly spontaneously died under symptoms of intestinal colic and @entity55 . Haematological examinations revealed lower numbers of erythrocytes as well as non-selective @entity2905 . Phagocytic activity was slightly increased, lymphocyte activity was inhibited. Histopathology showed severe alteration of the lymphatic organs. T and B lymphocytes and antigen-presenting macrophages were not arranged in characteristic areas, and the quantity of these cells was lower than would be expected. Histopathological changes in lymphatic organs resembled those described in the literature as severe combined @entity465 .

title: Severe combined XXXX in a Fell pony foal.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']