abstract: Pre-clinical in vitro tests are needed to evaluate the biomechanical performance of new spinal implants. For such experiments large animal models are frequently used. Whether these models allow any conclusions concerning the implant's performance in @entity1 is difficult to answer. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity291 , @entity1707 or @entity742 spine specimens may be used to replace @entity1 specimens in in vitro flexibility and cyclic loading tests with two different implant types. First, a dynamic and a rigid fixator were tested using six @entity1 , six @entity291 , six @entity1707 and six @entity742 thoracolumbar spine specimens. Standard flexibility tests were carried out in a spine tester in flexion/extension, lateral bending and @entity717 in the intact state, after nucleotomy and after implantation. Then, the Coflex interspinous implant was tested for flexibility and intradiscal pressure using another six @entity1 and six @entity291 lumbar spine segments. Loading was carried out as described above in the intact condition, after creation of a defect and after implantation. The fixators were most easily implantable into the @entity291 . Qualitatively, they had similar effects on ROM in all species, however, the degree of @entity1344 achieved differed. Especially in @entity717 , the ROM of @entity742 , @entity1707 and @entity291 was partially less than half the @entity1 ROM. Similarly, implantation of the Coflex interspinous implant caused the ROM to either increase in both species or to decrease in both of them, however, quantitatively, differences were observed. This was also the case for the intradiscal pressure. In conclusion, animal species, especially the @entity291 , may be used to get a first idea of how a new pedicle screw system or an interspinous implant behaves in in vitro flexibility tests. However, the effects on ROM and intradiscal pressure have to be expected to differ in magnitude between animal and @entity1 . Therefore, the last step in pre-clinical implant testing should always be an experiment with @entity1 specimens.

title: Are the spines of @entity291 , @entity1707 and XXXX suitable models for pre-clinical implant tests?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['stability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and compare it to standard 10-cm nerve conduction studies (NCSs), and short-segment NCSs (SSNCSs) across the elbow in the diagnosis of @entity16 at the elbow (UNE). METHODS: In a broad spectrum of consecutive @entity1 with suspected UNE a prospective and blinded study was performed. This included a clinical examination, electrodiagnostic (EDx) and US studies. In clinically definite UNE @entity1 we compared the sensitivity of SSNCSs, of 10-cm NCSs across the elbow, and of US. The specificity was calculated in asymptomatic controls. RESULTS: We studied 113 affected arms in 109 @entity1 ; definite UNE was diagnosed in 81, and alternative conditions in 12 arms. The sensitivity of SSNCSs was 89%, of 10-cm NCSs 83%, and of US 71%. We found the highest sensitivity of US in @entity1 with axonal UNE (93%), followed by conduction slowing (82%) and conduction block (55%). Specificity of SSNCSs was 80%, of 10-cm NCSs 82%, and of US 82%. CONCLUSION: The present study found the highest diagnostic accuracy of SSNCSs (85%), followed by 10-cm NCSs (83%), and of US (77%). SIGNIFICANCE: US is particularly useful in @entity1 with axonal UNE, while SSNCSs in UNE with conduction block.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic and nerve conduction studies in XXXX at the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: AIM: To identify submicroscopic interstitial deletions in @entity3893 factor ( @entity16619 ) loci in idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases of @entity4810 in Indians. METHODS: One hundred and twenty two infertile males with @entity6660 or @entity3893 were included in this study. Semen analysis was done to determine the sperm density, i.e., normospermia (>20 million/mL), @entity6660 (<20 million/mL) or @entity3893 . They were subjected to detailed clinical examination and endocrinological and cytogenetic study. Thirty G-banded metaphases were analyzed in the 122 cases and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microdeletion analysis was done in 70 cytogenetically normal subjects. For this genomic DNA was extracted using peripheral blood. The STS primers tested in each case were sY84, sY86 (AZFa); sY127, sY134 (AZFb); sY254, sY255 (AZFc). PCR amplifications found to be negative were repeated at least 3 times to confirm the deletion of a given marker. The PCR products were analyzed on a 1.8 % agarose gel. RESULTS: Eight of the 70 cases (11.4 %) showed deletion of at least one of the STS markers. Deletions were detected in cases with known and unknown aetiology with bilateral severe testiculopathy and also in cryptorchid and varicocele subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity16619 microdeletions were seen in both idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases with cryptorchidism and varicocele. The finding of a genetic aetiology in infertile @entity1 with varicocele and cryptorchidism suggests the need for molecular screening in non-idiopathic cases.

title: XXXX microdeletions associated with idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases with cryptorchidism and varicocele.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

answer: @entity16619 :: (560,Gene) :: ['AZF']


abstract: AIM: To determine the sensitivity of macroscopic appearance for predicting histological diagnosis at sites other than duodenum in @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ). METHODS: Endoscopic and histologic findings in pediatric @entity1 undergoing @entity1729 for first-time diagnosis of @entity1593 at Stollery @entity1 's Hospital from 2010-2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Clinical charts from 140 @entity1 were reviewed. Esophageal and gastric biopsies were taken in 54.3% and 77.9% of @entity1 , respectively. Endoscopic appearance was normal in the esophagus and stomach in 75% and 86.2%. Endoscopic esophageal diagnoses were @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) (11.8%), @entity2910 (7.9%), @entity3594 (1.3%) and non-specific abnormalities (3.9%). Endoscopic gastric diagnoses were @entity3621 (8.3%), pancreatic rest (0.9%), and non-specific abnormalities (4.6%). Histology was normal in 76.3% of esophageal and 87.2% of gastric specimens. Abnormal esophageal histology was @entity5202 (10.5%), @entity2910 (10.5%), @entity3594 (1.3%) and non-specific (1.3%). @entity3621 was reported in 12.8% of specimens. Sensitivity and specificity of normal endoscopy for predicting normal esophageal histology was 86.2% and 61.1%, and for normal gastric histology was 87.4% and 21.4%. CONCLUSION: In the absence of @entity854 , routine esophageal and gastric biopsy during endoscopy for pediatric @entity1593 does not identify major pathologies. These findings have cost and time saving implications for clinical practice.

title: Prediction of esophageal and gastric histology by macroscopic diagnosis during @entity1729 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['glycogenic acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'Gastritis']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['pediatric celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity301 is mainly derived from autopsy series and pre-participation exams in athletes. Limited data exist regarding the spectrum of @entity301 that can be detected in asymptomatic @entity1 . We sought to describe echocardiographically detected congenital @entity453 in asymptomatic @entity1 after implementing a screening protocol mandating identification of coronary artery origin and proximal course in all initial studies. METHODS: Our database was searched from 1/1/1993 to 3/31/2006 and all echocardiograms coded for @entity301 were identified. Clinically "silent" @entity301 were culled from that group. RESULTS: Of the 168 "silent" @entity301 detected, 111 were anomalies of aortic origin, including 59 @entity1 with "high coronary takeoff" and 30 @entity1 with "wrong sinus" origin of either the left or right coronary artery. Small coronary fistulas were seen in 57. Associated @entity4297 were found in 53% of individuals with @entity301 . CONCLUSIONS: This study comprises the largest group of echocardiographically detected, "silent" but potentially clinically significant, @entity301 in @entity1 . Prospective echocardiographic diagnosis of "high coronary takeoff", a risk factor for injury during cardio-pulmonary bypass, and asymptomatic @entity3979 are described for the first time.

title: Echocardiographic diagnosis of clinically silent congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomalies', 'congenital coronary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['intraseptal coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery anomalies']


abstract: 41 (38 males, 3 females) @entity1 with @entity2150 received fetal liver infusion (FLI) from 74 abortuses with gestation periods of 8-32 (Median(M)-16) weeks and cell dose of 0.004-11.1 x 10(8) (M-2.3 x 10(8)) from September, 1976 until November, 1987. 35 @entity1 received single FLI; those with recurrence or no response received two or more FLI. 8 received two; 7, three; 2, four; and 1, six FLI. There was a slow and incomplete autologous hematopoietic improvement in 40% and expected survival of 52% at 1 year, 45% at 2 yr, and 37% at 5 yr (Kaplan Meier estimate). There was rise in fetal hemoglobin (Hb), 0-15.7%, (M-3.5) among responders in 3-20 (M-6) months. @entity1 who survived for more than 12 months had, on average, a longer duration of disease (4 months or more), and higher granulocyte and platelet counts. Statistically, however, these differences were not significant. Reticulocyte count was significantly lower in those who survived beyond 12 months. 1 @entity1 developed @entity3052 3 yr post-FLI. The study indicates that fetal liver infusion is likely to benefit about 40% of individuals suffering from severe @entity2150 . Longer surviving @entity1 , however, may be at risk of developing @entity2214 .

title: Hemopoietic improvement following fetal liver infusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute undifferentiated leukemia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the volume of micro- and macroadenomas in @entity10505 -treated @entity1 with resistance to or intolerance of @entity2847 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of the @entity4090 inhibitor @entity10505 on the volume of @entity977 was evaluated retrospectively in 11 female @entity1 . @entity4090 levels before and after the treatment were also recorded. The indications for @entity10505 therapy were side-effects of @entity2847 in 5 cases, a poor response to @entity2847 in 5 cases and both in 1 case. MR imaging with a 1.0-T magnet was performed to determine the volume reduction of the @entity652 . RESULTS: The average volume reduction of macroadenomas was 324 mm3 (46%) and that of microadenomas 73 mm3 (57%). The level of @entity4090 secreted by macroadenomas was reduced by an average of 163 microg/l (65%) and that by microadenomas of 113 microg (73%). In 2 microadenomas and in 1 macroadenoma, signal intensity changed during the treatment in T1-weighted images. In follow-up no changes in signal intensity were seen in 8 @entity652 in non-contrast T1-weighted images. A @entity548 was seen in 1 macroadenoma before treatment, but it disappeared during treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity10505 was found to be an effective alternative to @entity2847 in cases with @entity1931 or resistance, and MR imaging a suitable method for the follow-up of macro- and microadenomas.

title: MR imaging of @entity977 treated with the XXXX inhibitor @entity10505 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['drug intolerance']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic lesion']

entities_list: @entity10505 :: ('MESH:C046650', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinagolide', 'quinagolide']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: A retrospective study of 22 adult @entity1 with @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) or @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) was performed. Male to female ratio was 1:2.7. Mean age of onset was 37.3 +/- (16.3) and symptoms were present for a mean of 11.2 +/- 14.6 months before diagnosis. Primary @entity6558 was diagnosed in 11 (50%), primary @entity6017 in three (13.6%). @entity6558 / @entity6017 was associated with connective tissue disease in three (13.6%) and @entity5 in five @entity1 (22.7%). @entity121 followed the diagnosis of @entity5 by a mean of 12.2 months (one to 36 months). All were female. Diffuse erythema was observed in all three @entity1 with @entity6017 and @entity5 . @entity625 was seen more frequency in our @entity1 (55%). Sixty-eight percent of @entity1 showed substantial improvement of @entity121 with @entity230 alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents, 18% did not improve or their disease progressed in spite of the treatment. Three @entity1 died (14%), two from @entity1576 and one from underlying @entity5 .

title: Pattern of adult onset of XXXX and @entity6017 and association with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease', 'Muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['polymyositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, we assessed nutritional and immunologic risk factors for @entity166 and @entity204 related to @entity281 in elderly @entity1 undergoing major elective surgery. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 60 y or older were enrolled in this study. The preoperative variables analyzed were body mass index, body mass index knee height, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-arm muscle area, albumin, @entity69 , prealbumin, and @entity904 -binding protein levels, immunoglobulins G, A, and M, C3, and C4 levels, total lymphocyte counts, and the occurrence of delayed @entity56 reactions (multitest). RESULTS: Abnormally low levels of prealbumin (P = 0.004), @entity904 -binding protein (P = 0.05), and @entity69 (P = 0.04) were related to @entity166 . Prealbumin levels (P = 0.02) and lymphocyte counts below 1500 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.04) were associated with mortality secondary to @entity281 . Univariate regression analysis showed that levels of prealbumin (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limits = 1.6, 110.9), @entity904 -binding protein (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 4.8, 95% confidence limits = 1.2, 19.3), and @entity69 (P = 0.03; odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence limit = 1.2, 15.6) were associated with @entity166 . Multivariate analysis associated only prealbumin levels with @entity166 (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limit = 1.6, 110.9). Regression analysis provided no conclusion regarding mortality because of the small number of @entity204 recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with a good cardiac index (Goldman I and II) who underwent major elective surgery, prealbumin protein, @entity904 -binding protein, and @entity69 levels below normal values represented a significant risk for @entity260 . Lymphocyte counts lower than 1500/m(3) and abnormal prealbumin values were associated with postoperative mortality secondary to @entity281 . The anthropometric variables evaluated did not predict @entity260 and mortality.

title: Nutritional risk factors for XXXX in Brazilian elderly @entity1 undergoing major elective surgery.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although considerable efforts have been made to develop diagnostic tools for predicting the outcome of oral food challenges, tests for predicting the outgrowth of @entity5419 are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the wheal size and skin index (SI) (the ratio of an allergen-induced wheal to a @entity112 -induced wheal diameter) of the skin-prick test based on the outcome of a controlled oral provocation test for @entity291 's milk. Moreover, we assessed whether wheal size and/or SI were useful for predicting the outgrowth of @entity291 's @entity6132 (CMA). METHODS: This study included 135 @entity1 with suspected CMA. Eighty-one @entity1 were definitely diagnosed by oral provocation tests for @entity291 's milk, and their wheal diameters, SIs, and @entity291 milk's-specific serum immunoglobulin E concentrations were determined. RESULTS: The wheal diameters were significantly larger and the SIs significantly higher in @entity1 with positive oral provocation test results than in those with negative test results. We found that 50% of the @entity1 were expected to be able to drink @entity291 's milk by age 5 years. In these @entity1 , the wheal diameters were significantly smaller and the SIs significantly lower at the time of CMA outgrowth than at the time of diagnosis, whereas these values were apt to increase in @entity1 who did not outgrow CMA, with no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The skin-prick test can be used to diagnose CMA and predict CMA outgrowth. A wheal diameter of 8 mm or/and an SI of 1.0 is informative, not only in diagnosing CMA but also in predicting a natural CMA outgrowth.

title: Evaluation of the skin-prick test for predicting the outgrowth of @entity291 's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity6132 :: (MESH:D016269,Disease) :: ['milk allergy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76 min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: XXXX following @entity299 in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated @entity1 : is there any difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac surgery', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of antidepressants in rapid-cycling @entity162 has been controversial. We report the first randomized clinical trial with modern antidepressants on this topic. METHODS: As part of the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for @entity162 (STEP-BD) study, we analyzed, as an a priori secondary outcome, @entity1170 as a predictor of response in 68 @entity1 randomized to continue vs. discontinue antidepressant treatment, after initial response for an acute major @entity308 . Outcomes assessed were percent time well and total number of episodes. All @entity1 received standard mood stabilizers. RESULTS: In those continued on antidepressants (AD), @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) subjects experienced 268% (3.14/1.17) more total mood episodes/year, and 293% (1.29/0.44) more @entity308 episodes/year, compared with non- @entity1170 (NRC) subjects (mean difference in @entity308 episodes per year @entity1170 vs. NRC was 0.85    0.37 (SE), df = 28, p = 0.03). In the AD continuation group, @entity1170 @entity1 also had 28.8% less time in remission than NRC @entity1 (95% confidence intervals (9.9%, 46.5%), p = 0.004). No such differences between @entity1170 and NRC subjects were seen in the AD discontinuation group (Table 1). Analyses within the rapid-cycling subgroup alone were consistent with the above comparisons between @entity1170 and NRC subjects, stratified by maintenance antidepressant treatment, though limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS: In an a priori analysis, despite preselection for good antidepressant response and concurrent mood stabilizer treatment, antidepressant continuation in rapid-cycling was associated with worsened maintenance outcomes, especially for @entity308 morbidity, vs. antidepressant discontinuation.

title: Antidepressants worsen rapid-cycling course in XXXX : A STEP-BD randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar Disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['RC', 'rapid cycling']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are no global screening recommendations for @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). Endoscopic screening has been investigated in areas of high incidence in China since the 1970s. This study aimed to evaluate whether an endoscopic screening and intervention program could reduce mortality caused by @entity1721 . METHODS: Residents age 40 to 69 years were recruited from communities with high rates of @entity1721 . Fourteen villages were selected as the intervention communities. Ten villages not geographically adjacent to intervention villages were selected for comparison. @entity1 in the intervention group were screened once by endoscopy with Lugol's @entity1496 staining, and those with @entity1141 or @entity5 were treated. All intervention @entity1 and a sample consisting of one tenth of the control group completed questionnaires. We compared cumulative @entity1721 incidence and mortality between the two groups. RESULTS: Three thousand three hundred nineteen volunteers (48.62%) from an eligible population of 6,827 were screened in the intervention group. Seven hundred ninety-seven volunteers from an eligible population of 6,200 in the control group were interviewed. Six hundred fifty-two incident and 542 fatal ESCCs were identified during the 10-year follow-up. A reduction in cumulative mortality in the intervention group versus the control group was apparent (3.35% v 5.05%, respectively; P < .001). Furthermore, the intervention group had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of @entity1721 versus the control group (4.17% v 5.92%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION: We showed that endoscopic screening and intervention significantly reduced mortality caused by @entity418 . Detection and treatment of @entity1613 also led to a reduction in the incidence of this highly fatal @entity5 .

title: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Community Assignment, One-Time Endoscopic Screening Study of XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To compare pre-meal injection of Humalog Mix50 (Mix50) and Humalog Mix25 (Humalog Mix75/25 in the US; Mix25) with respect to 2 h postprandial (2 h pp) blood @entity413 (BG) control after a @entity1735 -rich breakfast in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen @entity1 were enrolled in a 16-week crossover trial and received two treatment regimens in a randomized crossover fashion: (i) Mix50 before breakfast and Mix25 before the evening meal (Mix50/Mix25) and (ii) Mix25 before both breakfast and the evening meal (Mix25 twice daily). Insulin doses were adjusted according to stated glycaemic targets. After 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, the @entity1 's usual morning insulin dose was administered, followed immediately by a test breakfast representative of the @entity1 's usual breakfast meal. Fasting and 2 h pp BG concentrations were measured at the time of the test meal. Haemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ) was measured, and information regarding hypoglycaemia (symptoms) was collected at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: Insulin doses were similar between treatments (morning = 31-33 U, evening = 26-28 U) at endpoint. Following the test breakfast, the 2 h pp BG was lower (10.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l vs. 12.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.0012) and the 2 h pp BG excursion was smaller (1.4 +/- 0.28 mmol/l vs. 3.5 +/- 0.28 mmol/l, p < 0.001) during treatment with Mix50/Mix25 than during treatment with Mix25 twice daily. There was no difference between the treatments with respect to fasting BG (Mix50/Mix25, 9.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/l vs. Mix25 twice daily, 8.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; p = NS), @entity3916 (8.14% +/- 1.14% vs. 8.14% +/- 1.07%; p = NS) or the incidence of self-reported hypoglycaemia (34% vs. 23%; p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with treatment with Mix25 twice daily, treatment with Mix50 before breakfast and Mix25 before the evening meal resulted in better pp glycaemic control following a @entity1735 -rich meal, and similar fasting BG, @entity3916 and incidence of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Humalog Mix50 before @entity1735 -rich meals in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Edinburgh a group of surgeons agreed to convert to a lightweight, composite mesh (Ultrapro-Ethicon) for totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome following the use of a new lightweight vs a standard heavyweight mesh during TEP @entity547 repair. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing TEP using lightweight (LWM) or heavyweight meshes (HWM) between March 2004 and March 2006 were identified from the Lothian Surgical Audit database. The @entity1 who re-presented with recurrence of @entity547 were studied in greater detail. Date of re-attendance at a clinic with recurrence was used as a surrogate for date of recurrence. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty one @entity1 had 371 @entity547 repairs with LWM. A total of 16 (4.3%) recurred with a median follow-up of 14.5 months. A concurrent group of 326 @entity1 had 425 repairs with standard mesh and have had 12 (2.82%) recurrences with a median follow-up of 22.4 months. A group of @entity1 operated immediately prior to the introduction of LWM consisted of 328 @entity1 who had 436 repairs using HWM, of whom 13 (2.98%) have recurred with a median follow-up of 43 months. Whilst there are no statistically significant differences in recurrence rates between these groups, we are concerned that the LWM group has the highest recurrence rate despite the shortest follow-up. CONCLUSION: In view of increased @entity1 comfort, we continue to recommend LWM for laparoscopic @entity169 surgery but would recommend that, in larger @entity547 and possibly for all, the surgeon should improve mesh adhesion.

title: Comparison of recurrence with lightweight composite polypropylene mesh and heavyweight mesh in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal XXXX repair: an audit of 1,232 repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the long-term ophthalmological consequences of cyanotic @entity299 ( @entity299 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, tertiary referral setting. @entity1 : Thirteen adults with cyanotic @entity299 (40        4 years). Age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent aspects of the protocol. METHODS: Cyanosed subjects had a full ophthalmic examination, visual fields, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography to assess retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), retinal photography and cerebral @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: RNFL thickness and quantitative analysis of retinal vessels with fractal dimension, branching and central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venous equivalent (CRVE). RESULTS: No abnormalities of anatomy, motility, intraocular pressure or anterior segments were detected apart from one subject who had bilateral @entity231 . Corrected visual acuity was normal in all but one cyanosed subject. Clinical examination revealed dilated retinal vasculature in 12/13 cyanosed subjects and increased tortuosity in 8/13. In the setting of cyanosis, skeletonized retinal arterial and venous beds had higher fractal dimension and increased branching (P    <=   0.01, n   =   11 for all); retinal vessels were dilated (CRAE: 227 vs. 183, n   =   11, P   <   0.0001; CRVE: 254 vs. 221, n   =   11, P   =   0.01). Visual fields showed @entity1019 in two subjects associated with RNFL thinning. No disc @entity4 was detected. 6/13 subjects' RNFL thickness fell below the normal 95% confidence interval in at least one sector without explanatory cerebral pathology (P   <   0.0001, n   =   13). Mean RNFL thickness correlated with @entity2996 cerebral white matter volume (R   =   0.67, P   =   0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Cyanosed subjects had vessel dilatation, increased branching and tortuosity. RNFL and visual field thresholds were reduced suggesting @entity73 .

title: Ophthalmological consequences of cyanotic XXXX : vascular parameters and nerve fibre layer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neuro-ophthalmological functioning']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test whether the cross-sectional area of @entity320 and quantification of microcirculatory networks and parallel vessels with cross-linking are features associated with death from @entity320 , and to compare new with conventional histologic prognostic features. METHODS: The cross-sectional area of 234 ciliary body or @entity320 was measured from digitized images of histologic sections. The percentage of cross-sectional area occupied by two microcirculatory patterns-networks and parallel vessels with cross-linking-was calculated for the 152 @entity5 containing at least one focus of either pattern. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated based on cross-sectional and percentage of cross-sectional areas of these patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression methods related time to death from @entity320 with sets of predictor variables. For each model, percent variation explained was computed. RESULTS: @entity1 survival differs significantly when @entity5 are classified based on cross-sectional area: small (<16 @entity202 ), medium (> or =16 @entity202 but <61.4 @entity202 ), and large (> or =61.4 @entity202 ). @entity1 with @entity5 containing networks and parallel vessels with cross-linking microcirculation patterns that occupy 2% of cross-sectional area have a significantly worse prognosis than do those @entity1 with @entity5 containing a smaller percentage of these patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Quantifying cross-sectional @entity5 area and the percentage area occupied by networks and parallel vessels with cross-linking microcirculatory patterns in ciliary body and cho. @entity320 provides significant prognostic information. Compared with more conventional prognostic characteristics, the most dramatic increase in prognostic information is provided by determination of the presence or absence of microvascular patterns.

title: Relative importance of quantifying area and vascular patterns in uveal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'choroidal and ciliary body melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma', 'roidal melanomas', 'choroidal melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of pediatric @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 and sibling controls. METHODS: Adult survivors of @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 (N = 5736) and sibling controls (N = 2565) were administered a long-term follow-up questionnaire allowing assessment of symptoms associated with @entity308 and somatic distress. RESULTS: The majority of respondents in this study did not demonstrate symptomatology indicative of @entity308 or somatic distress. Survivors, however, were significantly more likely than sibling controls to report symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress. @entity1 were significantly more likely to indicate symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress than were @entity1 ; however, this difference did not vary by survivor/sibling status. Similarly, socioeconomic (SES) variables predicted symptomatic levels of @entity308 and somatic distress for both survivors and siblings, and these effects did not vary by survivor/sibling status. Among @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 survivors, in addition to gender and SES, the only treatment variable that predicted scores indicating depressive symptomatology was exposure to intensive chemotherapy. Exposure to intensive chemotherapy also predicted scores indicative of somatic distress symptoms. No other medical variables, including diagnostic category, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and duration of treatment, predicted symptomatic scores for @entity308 and somatic distress. CONCLUSIONS: This large, sibling-controlled, multisite study of young adult survivors of @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 found that survivors had significant increased risk for reporting symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress and that intensive chemotherapy added to this risk. However, being a @entity5 survivor did not compound the effects of gender and SES variables on the 2 outcomes measured. The ability of SES, gender, and treatment-related variables to predict @entity1109 in this cohort of childhood survivors and sibling controls calls for future research into varied biological and psychosocial pathways by which @entity5 influences future psychosocial functioning.

title: Psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of @entity1778 , @entity978 , and XXXX : a report from the @entity5 Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Isolated perfused @entity35 lungs (IPRL) were used to determine if treatment with @entity273 would result in measurable changes in exhaled @entity17487 during the early stages of capillary leak. Pulmonary capillary filtration coefficient, pulmonary vascular resistance, and dynamic pulmonary compliance were measured at two time points in an IPRL. Additionally, exhaled @entity17487 was determined before and after the addition of 0.25 mM @entity274 to the perfusate in a second group of lungs. Lung wet/dry weight ratios were measured at the termination of the experiments. The @entity17487 in the exhaled alveolar gas from IPRLs ventilated with 5% @entity515 /20%O2/balance N2 was quantitated using gas chromatography before and after the addition of 0.25 mM @entity274 to Krebs Ringer's 5% albumin perfusate. @entity274 (0.25 mM) caused a small but significant increase in capillary filtration coefficient from 0.0122 (+/- 0.0008) to 0.0173 (+/- 0.0013) mL/min/cm @entity2507 /g dry lung weight (p < .05). Wet/dry lung weight ratios were increased in the @entity274 -treated lungs (6.0654 +/- 0.1024 versus 5.4149 +/- 0.1143; p < .05). Exhaled @entity17487 did not increase over the period of time @entity273 was present in the perfusate. In other experiments in closed-chested @entity35 , 0.25 mM @entity2625 did not cause increased exhaled @entity17487 , whereas 1 mM @entity274 did. This latter increase in @entity17487 was not noted in similarly perfused open-chested @entity35 . These data indicate that small amounts of @entity274 may increase pulmonary capillary permeability without affecting exhaled @entity17487 measurements.

title: Effects of low-dose XXXX in the isolated perfused @entity35 lung.

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: @entity1534 resistance to @entity7187 is increasing, and the need for susceptibility testing has become crucial. The only standardized method is agar dilution, which is not adapted to clinical practice. The present work aimed: (1) to optimize the technical conditions and to assess the reproducibility of the E-test and disk diffusion method for macrolides susceptibility testing of @entity1534 , and (2) to assess the performances of these two phenotypic methods in detecting strains harboring a resistance mechanism to macrolides. We used 191 isolates collected in nine centers of France and Belgium. Phenotypic tests were performed on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 10% @entity1641 blood, inoculated with a 2-day-old @entity1534 suspension (10(8) CFU/ml), and incubated for 72 hr at 37 degrees C under microaerophilic conditions. The reproducibility studied on two randomly selected strains was better for disk diffusion than for the E-test for both @entity4581 and @entity2929 . For a subset of 10 strains, the MICs of @entity2929 and @entity4581 did not differ from more than one two-fold dilution when determined by E-test or agar dilution method. The breakpoints were for MICs: 1 mg/L for both @entity4581 and @entity2929 and for inhibition diameters, 22 mm for @entity4581 and 17 mm for @entity2929 . There was a 100% concordance between susceptibility to @entity2929 and @entity4581 . However, the susceptible and resistant populations were better separated by testing @entity2929 . Of 34 resistant strains, two lacked the @entity26122 and @entity26121 point mutations in 23S rRNA by PCR-RFLP. None of 15 tested sensitive strains were positive for one of these two point mutations. For clinical practice, we recommend to assess macrolide susceptibility of @entity1534 by using one of these two phenotypic methods under the described technical conditions.

title: Validation of diffusion methods for macrolide susceptibility testing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Physiologic reactions during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) may differ from those at laparoscopy. This experimental study assessed the effect of @entity516 induced by endoscope air pump on hemodynamics and inspiratory pressures during transgastric peritoneoscopy. METHODS: Transgastric peritoneoscopy was performed in 11 female @entity1707 (35 - 50 kg) under general anesthesia. Five @entity1707 with controlled insufflation and no endoscopic intervention served as controls. Cardiac index and global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI; reflecting preload) were measured every 3 minutes by transpulmonary thermodilution. We also recorded: intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI; reflecting afterload), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and oxygenation. RESULTS: One study group @entity1707 was excluded from analysis because of a major complication related to the gastric incision. In the remaining 15 animals we performed 264 paired measurements. On-demand insufflation in the study group produced wide variation in intra-abdominal pressures; the control group demonstrated minimal fluctuation around a predetermined value. In the study group, IAP and PIP correlated well ( R = 0.667, P = 0.000), with maximum PIP values of 40 mbar contrasting with the control group maximum of 26.5 mbar. Hemodynamically, there was a minor decrease of cardiac index in the study group (in contrast to the control group). Relative changes in cardiac index and IAP during transgastric peritoneoscopy correlated highly significantly ( R = - 0.416, P = 0.000). Neither group showed @entity1344 or decline in @entity26 saturation. CONCLUSIONS: On-demand insufflation with a standard endoscopic light source/insufflator resulted in a marked median increase and wide variation in IAP throughout transgastric peritoneoscopy. Hemodynamic changes were moderate. However, major increases in PIP suggest a need for stricter control of @entity8479 during NOTES.

title: Effect of XXXX on hemodynamics and inspiratory pressures during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): an experimental, controlled study in an acute porcine model.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4639 Background: Invasive @entity150 has a 50% mortality rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy is used to try to improve survival, but is of unproven benefit. GC and MVAC have similar response rates and survival in the metastatic setting, with GC having less @entity137 (JCO 17: 3068). We have used the GC regimen for @entity1 with high grade @entity150 with poor prognostic features after cystectomy when they have not been candidates for MVAC for medical or personal @entity1 reasons. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy between 1997 and 2002. Chemotherapy consisted of 3-4 cycles of adjuvant @entity136 1000mg/m2 (days 1 _ 8) and @entity900 (35mg/m2 days 1 _ 2). All @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy and receiving adjuvant GC at USC were eligible. Medical records were examined and tissues were studied for various molecular markers, including @entity876 , @entity2151 reductase (RR) and @entity11833 . RESULTS: 25 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Median age was 68; 72% were @entity1803 or pT4; 68% had lymph nodes involved. All @entity1 had @entity1606 . @entity876 was mutated in 75%. The median number of cycles of GC was 3 (84% had 3-4 cycles). 11 @entity1 (44%) had grade 3 or 4 hematologic @entity137 and 2 (8%) had grade 3 non-hematologic @entity137 . Median follow-up was 25.1 (8.7-49.7) months. 8 @entity1 have died. The median time to recurrence was 49.7 (12.3-49.7+) months with median overall survival of 49.7+ (16.6-49.7+) months. Evaluation of tissue blocks for molecular correlates such as @entity11833 and RR is in progress and will be reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant GC chemotherapy is feasible and effective in the setting of locally advanced @entity150 and will be studied in a prospective, randomized fashion. For the 17 @entity1 with node-positive @entity150 , adjuvant GC is associated with disease-free median survival of 23.6 (11.3, 49.7+) months and median survival of 23.8+ (16.6, 49.7+) months. [Table: see text].

title: Adjuvant @entity136 and XXXX (GC) for locally advanced @entity150 after radical cystectomy: A USC experience with molecular correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metastasis accounts for approximately 90% of @entity0 . Therefore, novel approaches which prevent or control @entity0 metastases are of significant clinical interest. Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-based immunotherapies have shown promise in controlling metastatic disease, yet modest responses and severe @entity137 due to systemic administration of IL-12 in early trials have hindered clinical application. We hypothesized that localized delivery of IL-12 co-formulated with chitosan (chitosan/IL-12) could elicit @entity5 -specific immunity and provide systemic protection against metastatic @entity0 while minimizing systemic @entity137 . Chitosan is a biocompatible polysaccharide derived primarily from the exoskeletons of crustaceans. In a clinically relevant resection model, @entity19 bearing spontaneously metastatic 4T1 mammary @entity420 received intratumoral injections of chitosan/IL-12, or appropriate controls, prior to @entity5 resection. Neoadjuvant chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy resulted in long-term @entity5 -free survival in 67% of @entity19 compared to only 24% or 0% of @entity19 treated with IL-12 alone or chitosan alone, respectively. Antitumor responses following chitosan/IL-12 treatment were durable and provided complete protection against rechallenge with 4T1, but not RENCA @entity1358 , cells. Lymphocytes from chitosan/IL-12-treated @entity19 demonstrated robust @entity5 -specific lytic activity and interferon-y production. Cell-mediated immune memory was confirmed in vivo via clinically relevant @entity56 ( @entity56 ) assays. Comprehensive hematology and toxicology analyses revealed that chitosan/IL-12 induced transient, reversible @entity1431 with no changes in critical organ function. Results of this study suggest that neoadjuvant chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy prior to @entity0 resection is a promising translatable strategy capable of safely inducing to @entity5 -specific immunity and, in the long term, reducing @entity0 mortality due to progressive recurrences.

title: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with chitosan and interleukin-12 to control XXXX metastasis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer-related deaths', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Enterocolitis remains the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ). It could progress into toxic megacolon (TM)-acute dilatation of the colon as accompanying toxic complication of @entity1964 . It is a devastating complication, especially in @entity1 with so far undiagnosed @entity1963 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records of 4 @entity1 with TM was performed. The diagnosis TM was determined on the basis of clinical information (abdominal @entity158 or @entity925 , @entity1661 , @entity294 , @entity294 , and @entity1142 ), plain x-rays of the abdomen (segmental or total @entity384 ), and the presence of such criteria ( @entity221 , high heart rate, increased white blood cell count, @entity1851 , @entity417 , @entity2700 , electrolyte disturbances, @entity551 ). Surgical management and outcome was evaluated by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: The median duration of symptoms characteristic for TM was 3 days. Toxic megacolon was seen as the first manifestation of previously unknown @entity1963 in 3 @entity1 ; in 1 newborn, the contrast radiograph was suggestive of @entity1963 . In all @entity1 , conservative treatment was failed. Three @entity1 were treated with surgical decompression and ileostomy only. In all these cases, severe complications occurred, consequently 2 of them died. In 1 @entity1 , a resection of the transverse dilated colon additionally was performed. This @entity1 had no complications in postoperative period and survived. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the high mortality in @entity1 with TM that were treated medically or with colonic decompression, a resection of massively distended part of the colon should be performed.

title: The Surgical Treatment of Toxic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['colonic dilation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['Hirschsprung enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Megacolon in Hirschsprung Disease']


abstract: @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) is amongst a family of evolutionarily conserved enzymes, involved in a multi-turnover process that results in NO as a product. The significant role of NO in various pathological and physiological processes has created an interest in this enzyme from several perspectives. This study describes for the first time, cloning and expression of a @entity3623 -like protein, baNOS, from @entity6192 , a pathogenic bacterium responsible for causing @entity6192 . baNOS was expressed in @entity526 as a soluble and catalytically active enzyme. Homology models generated for baNOS indicated that the key structural features that are involved in the substrate and active site interaction have been highly conserved. Further, the behavior of baNOS in terms of @entity1446 -substrate interactions and @entity1446 -transitions was studied in detail. The optical perturbation spectra of the @entity1446 domain demonstrated that the ligands perturb the @entity1446 site in a ligand specific manner. baNOS forms a five-coordinate, high-spin complex with @entity534 analogs and a six-coordinate low-spin complex with inhibitor @entity8304 . Studies indicated that the binding of @entity534 , @entity67141 , and @entity8304 produces various spectroscopic species that closely correspond to the equivalent complexes of @entity1 @entity3623 . The values of spectral binding constants further corroborated these results. The overall conservation of the key structural features and the correlation of @entity1446 -substrate interactions in baNOS and @entity1 @entity3623 , thus, point towards an interesting phenomenon of convergent evolution. Importantly, the NO generated by @entity3623 of @entity1 macrophages plays a potent role in antimicrobicidal activity. Because of the existence of high structural and behavioral similarity between @entity1 @entity3623 and baNOS, we propose that NO produced by @entity6192 may also have a pivotal pathophysiological role in @entity6192 infection. Therefore, this first report of characterization of a @entity3623 -like protein from a pathogenic bacterium opens up avenues for further studies in understanding the importance of this protein in pathogenicity.

title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant XXXX synthase-like protein from @entity6192 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus anthracis', 'anthrax', 'B. anthracis']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity67141 :: ('CHEBI:43088', 'Chemical') :: ['N(omega)-hydroxy-l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: AIM: To study activity of plasmic phospholipid membranes (PPM) in @entity1 with @entity1310 ( @entity1310 ) as regards clinical-laboratory and morphological characteristics of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 @entity1 with @entity631 ( @entity631 ) and 4 @entity1 with chronic drug-induced @entity1986 were examined. All the @entity1 had moderate arterial @entity101 including 5 @entity1 with @entity631 combined with @entity1985 . 9 @entity1 had elevated blood @entity1011 (up to 500 mcmol/l). Measurements were made of routine laboratory indices, @entity1003 and paracoagulation, Willebrand's factor (WF), @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ), phospholipid activation of @entity1003 (FABC), morphological indices of activity and @entity1463 . RESULTS: In spite of chronic latent intravascular @entity1003 , @entity1310 was characterized by apparent lowering of FABC which was more evident in @entity631 . There was a weak correlation between a FABC fall and the level of @entity644 , @entity407 , @entity1423 of platelets, indices of activity. Some parallels exist between creatininemia and activity of PPM. A close reverse relationship was found between FABC and WF, and a direct one between FABC and @entity1463 index. CONCLUSION: Subnormal PPM activity in @entity1310 correlates with organic microthrombi formation and promotes the discussion of both mechanisms of FABC formation disturbances and possible ways of PPM consumption including enhanced diffusion into the mesangium in progressing @entity9161 .

title: [Plasmic activity of phospholipid membranes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['CN', 'chronic nephritis']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['lipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['aggregation time', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['CMG', 'chronic mesangial glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1310 :: (MESH:D009393,Disease) :: ['nephritis']


abstract: The 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification of urothelial neoplasms introduced a category called @entity4929 of low malignant potential (LMP) and separated it from low-grade @entity1377 (LGPUC), which was thought to yield abnormal cells in cytology specimens. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of urine cytology in diagnosing these lesions. Eighty-six paired transurethral surgical biopsy and corresponding urine cytology specimens representing the spectrum of urothelial papillary lesions were examined. Consensus diagnosis on each biopsy was made, and the distribution was as follows: 16 benign urothelium, 27 LMP, 28 LGPUC, and 15 high-grade @entity1377 (HGPUC). This was followed by a blinded independent review of the urine cytology specimens by three observers. Each cytology case was marked as negative, atypical, suspicious, or positive for malignant cells by using previously published cytologic criteria. When the negative and atypical diagnoses were grouped together as "benign" and the suspicious and malignant diagnoses as "malignant," the detection rate of " @entity5 " of the lesions was as follows: LMP, 37%; LGPUC, 25%; and HGPUC, 53%. The false positive rate was 6%, and the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 94%. Detection rates of cells that were at least "atypical" were as follows: LMP, 74%; LGPUC, 79%; and HGPUC, 100%. While most of the LMP and LGPUC cases yielded cells that were at least "atypical," there was no significant difference in the distribution of cytologic diagnoses for LMP and LGPUC cases (P > 0.05). Urine cytology in the context of the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification appears to be useful as a screening tool but does not appear to discriminate LMP effectively from LGPUC.

title: Cytologic diagnosis of low-grade XXXX (low malignant potential and low-grade carcinoma) in the context of the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary neoplasm']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['papillary urothelial neoplasms']


abstract: Rhus-related illnesses in Korea are mostly caused by ingestion of parts of the Rhus tree. Contact @entity1909 occurrence after ingestion of Rhus-related food is very common in Korea. However, Rhus-related @entity344 is very rare. Herein, we present a case of @entity14761 caused by Rhus ingestion. A 75-year-old @entity1 was admitted with hematemesis and @entity360 after Rhus extract ingestion. Routine laboratory tests revealed @entity491 without @entity1712 . Endoscopy showed friable and granular mucosal changes with touch bleeding in the second portion of the duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography revealed @entity4 wall thickening of the duodenum and proximal jejunal loops. Patch testing with Rhus extracts showed a strong positive reaction, suggesting Rhus as the allergen. Her symptoms improved after avoidance of the allergen.

title: @entity14761 due to rhus ingestion presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity19 are the small animal model of choice in biomedical research due to the low cost and availability of genetically engineered lines. However, the devices utilized in current @entity19 models of implant-associated @entity79 have been limited to intramedullary or trans-cortical pins, which are not amenable to treatments involving extensive debridement of a full-thickness @entity604 and placement of a segmental antibiotic spacer. To overcome these limitations, we developed a clinically faithful model that utilizes a locking @entity174 fixation plate to enable debridement of an @entity79 (full-thickness osteotomy) during a revision surgery, and investigated the therapeutic effects of placing an antibiotic-laden spacer in the segmental bone defect. To first determine the ideal time point for revision following @entity281 , a 0.7mm osteotomy in the femoral mid-shaft was stabilized with a radiolucent PEEK fixation plate. The defect was inoculated with bioluminescent @entity794 , and the @entity281 was monitored over 14days by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). @entity3061 and reactive bone formation were assessed by X-ray and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The active bacterial @entity281 peaked by 5days post-inoculation, however the stability of the implant fixation became compromised by 10-14days post-inoculation due to @entity3061 around the screws. Thus, day 7 was defined as the ideal time point to perform the revision surgery. During the revision surgery, the infected tissue was debrided and the osteotomy was widened to 3mm to place a @entity4625 spacer, with or without @entity2176 . Half of the groups also received systemic @entity2176 for the remaining 21days of the study. The viable bacteria remaining at the end of the study were measured using colony forming unit assays. Volumetric bone changes ( @entity3061 and reactive bone formation) were directly measured using micro-CT image analysis. @entity19 that were treated with local or systemic @entity2176 did not display gross pathology at the end of the study. While localized @entity2176 delivery alone tended to decrease the bacterial burden and @entity3061 , these effects were only significant when combined with systemic antibiotic therapy. This novel @entity19 model replicates key features of implant-associated @entity4034 that make treatment extremely difficult, such as biofilm formation and @entity3061 , and imitates the clinical practice of placing an antibiotic-laden spacer after infected tissue debridement. In addition, the model demonstrates the limitations of current @entity4625 spacers and could be an invaluable tool for evaluating alternative antimicrobial treatments for implant-associated @entity79 .

title: A novel XXXX model of @entity79 in the presence of a @entity174 fixation plate to study therapies utilizing antibiotic-laden spacers after revision surgery.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-methyl methacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['infected segmental bone defect', 'bone infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis', 'osteolysis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of three selective beta-adrenergic agonists on alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in the isolated @entity35 lungs. METHODS: Isotonic 5% albumin solutions with different pharmacological agents were instilled into the distal airways in the isolated @entity35 lungs. The lungs were inflated with 100% @entity26 at 7 cm @entity2507 (1 cm @entity2507 = 0.098 kPa) and placed in a humid incubator at 37 degrees C. AFC was estimated by the progressive increase in the albumin concentration over 1 h. RESULTS: The baseline AFC was 6.9% +/- 2.2%. Beta(1)-adrenergic agonist @entity18636 , beta(2)-adrenergic agonist @entity4183 and beta(3)-adrenergic agonist @entity3047 increased AFC significantly (17.1% +/- 2.4%, 19.5% +/- 1.2% and 19.9% +/- 2.5%, respectively). Beta(1)-adrenergic antagonist @entity2165 abolished the effects of @entity18636 (AFC was 6.1% +/- 0.9%), but did not inhibit the effects of @entity4183 and @entity3047 . Beta(2)-adrenergic antagonist @entity10342 abolished the effects of @entity4183 and @entity3047 (AFC were 5.7% +/- 0.6% and 7.8% +/- 2.6%), and also partially inhibited the effects of @entity18636 (AFC was 12.7% +/- 1.8%). Beta(3)-adrenergic antagonist SR-59230A partially inhibited the effects of @entity3047 and @entity4183 (AFC were 13.8% +/- 3.1% and 14.5% +/- 3.5%), but did not change the effects of @entity18636 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity18636 , @entity4183 and @entity3047 are potent stimulators of AFC in the @entity35 lungs. The effects of @entity18636 and @entity4183 are mediated via beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors, respectively. The effects of @entity3047 may be mediated via beta(2)-adrenoceptors. @entity10342 and SR-59230A may have some beta(1)- and beta(2)-inhibitory effects, respectively.

title: [Effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on alveolar fluid clearance in XXXX lungs].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18636 :: ('MESH:C037293', 'Chemical') :: ['Denopamine', 'denopamine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intraductal @entity5 (IPMT) is frequently associated with @entity788 . We hypothesized that IPMT progresses to @entity3 with @entity984 mutations as an early event, and that @entity3 affects survival. We compared survival after resection and determined whether @entity984 mutations predicted survival in IPMT @entity1 without or with @entity3 . METHODS: Records of 47 @entity1 with IPMT who were seen between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed retrospectively in 15 cases and prospectively in 32. All histological material was reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of IPMT and to assess invasion. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed by the log-rank test. The chi2 test was used for differences in @entity984 between groups. RESULTS: There were 30 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , with a mean age of 65 yr (range 36-90 yr). Of the @entity1 , 26 had IPMT without @entity3 and 19 had IPMT with invasion. Tissue diagnosis was available in 45 @entity1 . @entity984 was analyzed in 40 @entity1 . Mutations were present in 15 of 23 @entity1 (65%) without @entity3 and in 14 of 17 @entity1 (82%) with @entity3 (p = ns). At 2.5 yr, the overall cumulative survival of IPMT @entity1 without @entity3 was 94% compared to 24% of @entity1 with @entity3 (p < 0.001). The 5-yr survival of IPMT @entity1 without @entity3 was 94%. @entity984 mutations did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 in IPMT reduces the 2.5-yr survival after surgery from 93% to 24%. @entity984 mutations occur before @entity3 , and do not predict postoperative survival.

title: @entity3 and survival of intraductal papillary mucinous XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive cancer', 'invasive cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether mode of occurrence of @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), during micturition (M), during filling without increase in pressure (passive, P) or in response to an @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ), can be explained by differences in bladder function. Also, to study if the mode of occurrence of @entity3025 can predict spontaneous resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 93 @entity1 (68 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ) with @entity3025 (grade III-V) included. Videocystometry was performed at median ages 5, 22 and 32 months registering grade and mode of reflux and bladder function characteristics. RESULTS: Mode of occurrence of reflux changed with age. During infancy P, @entity2472 and M reflux comprised almost equal parts. At follow up, P reflux had @entity2472 and M reflux had decreased. This was partly due to a significantly higher probability of spontaneous resolution for M than P reflux, at 40 months (42 vs 18%). P and M reflux were significantly correlated to bladder function characteristics. P reflux was seen in @entity1 with high bladder capacity and occurred early in filling. Other predictors were higher age within the respective group and female sex. M reflux was correlated to lack of residual urine, low bladder capacity and absence of overactivity. Other indicators were male sex and low-grade reflux. CONCLUSIONS: P and M reflux correlate to different bladder patterns: P with high bladder capacity and M with low bladder capacity and without signs of @entity1494 . M seems to be benign with a higher resolution rate.

title: Is the mode of occurrence of XXXX correlated to bladder function and spontaneous resolution?

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'overactive contraction', 'increased and both OA']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular constituents mediating LS174T @entity694 cell adhesion to 4-h @entity310 -stimulated @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under flow. At 1 dyn/cm(2), approximately 57% of cells rolled and then became firmly adherent, whereas others continuously rolled on endothelium. Initial cell binding was primarily mediated by endothelial @entity4105 . By using @entity689 , glycolipid biosynthesis inhibitor @entity63113 . @entity5828 , trypsin, and flow cytometry, LS174T cells were shown to express sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x))- and di-sLe(x)-decorated, but not sLe(a)-decorated, glycolipid and glycoprotein ligands for @entity4105 . The cells preferentially employed sialylated glycoproteins over glycolipids in adhesion as measured by conversion of rolling to firm adhesion, resistance to detachment by increased shear stress, and rolling velocity. However, a nonsialylated @entity4105 counterreceptor also exists. Furthermore, LS174T alpha(2), alpha(6), and beta(1) integrins support a minor pathway in adhesion to HUVECs. Finally, @entity5 cell attachment specifically increases HUVEC endocytosis of @entity4105 . Altogether, the data indicate the complexity of @entity189 cell-endothelium adhesion via sialylated glycoconjugates, integrins, and their respective counterreceptors.

title: XXXX cell glycolipids, integrins, and other glycoproteins mediate adhesion to HUVECs under flow.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity63113 :: ('MESH:C110417', 'Chemical') :: ['d,l-threo-1-phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the foundation of nutritional management for exocrine @entity3210 (EPI). METHODS: A 3-month, open-label, multicentre study in Russia assessing safety, efficacy, and ease-of-use of Creon   Micro (5000 lipase units/spoon) in @entity1 aged 1month to <4years with EPI due to @entity1577 . Efficacy assessments included growth parameters. RESULTS: All 40 subjects (mean age 26.5months) completed treatment. Adverse events occurred in 40% of the subjects (most commonly respiratory tract @entity281 [15%], frequent bowel movements [8%], @entity2490 , @entity3136 , @entity11266 , and @entity294 [all 5%]), none were serious or led to discontinuation. After 3months, mean  SD increases from baseline z-scores were height/length-for-age 0.13  0.48, weight-for-age 0.20  0.39, and BMI-for-age 0.29  0.65. Treatment was rated 'easy' to administer by 95% caregivers and acceptance 'good'/'very good' by 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Creon Micro was well tolerated. Growth development parameters increased over the 3-month treatment period. Treatment was considered easy to use and acceptance was good.

title: Safety and efficacy of Creon   Micro in @entity1 with exocrine @entity3210 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2332 (32-34  C) can mitigate @entity2806 , and some evidence suggests that it can reduce @entity1188 size in @entity583 and acute @entity385 . For some indications, speed of cooling may be crucial in determining efficacy. We performed a multicenter prospective intervention study to test an ultrarapid cooling technology, the Velomedix Automated Peritoneal Lavage System using ice-cold fluids continuously circulating through the peritoneal cavity to rapidly induce and maintain @entity2332 in @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 and a small number of awake @entity1 with @entity583 . DESIGN: Multicenter prospective intervention study. SETTING: Intensive care- and coronary care units of multiple tertiary referral centers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Access to the peritoneal cavity was gained using a modified blunt dilating instrument, followed by catheter placement. @entity1 were cooled to a temperature of 32.5  C, maintained for 24 hours ( @entity1167 ) or 3 hours ( @entity583 ) followed by controlled rewarming. Forty-nine @entity1 were enrolled, and 46 @entity1 completed treatment. One placement was unsuccessful (abdominal wall not breached), two @entity1 were ultimately not cooled, and only safety data are reported. Average catheter insertion time was 2.3 minutes. Mean time to temperature less than 33  C was 10.4 minutes (average cooling rate, 14  C/hr). Median @entity1188 size in @entity1 who had coronary interventions was 16% of LV. No cases of stent @entity715 occurred. Survival in @entity1167 @entity1 with initial rhythm of @entity2224 was 56%, of whom 82 had a complete neurologic recovery. This compares favorably to outcomes from previous studies. CONCLUSION: Automated peritoneal lavage system is a safe and ultrarapid method to induce and maintain @entity2332 , which appears feasible in @entity1167 @entity1 and awake @entity1 with @entity583 . The shivering response appeared to be delayed and much reduced with this technology, diminishing @entity209 associated with cooling and minimizing sedation requirement. Our data suggest that ultrarapid cooling could prevent subtle @entity16 compared with slower cooling. This will need to be confirmed in direct comparative studies.

title: Ultrarapid Induction of XXXX Using Continuous Automated Peritoneal Lavage With Ice-Cold Fluids: Final Results of the Cooling for @entity1167 or Acute ST-Elevation @entity583 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e13007 Background: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) is a relatively rare @entity5 , which has similar pathological characteristics to the @entity151 ( @entity151 ). Although @entity4153 is recommended to be treated based on the strategy of @entity151 in clinic, standard therapeutic guideline has not been established yet. Recently a combined @entity2600 and @entity900 (IP) chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective in @entity151 . In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of IP regimen for the @entity1 with @entity4153 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed treatment outcome of 44 @entity4153 @entity1 treated with IP chemotherapy from April 2005 to October 2010 in our institution. @entity1 were divided into two-stages, limited disease (LD) or @entity66 ( @entity66 ) according to the @entity151 clinical staging. IP regimen consisted of four four-week cycles of 60 mg/m(2) of @entity2600 on days 1, 8, 15 and 60 mg/m(2) of @entity900 on day 1. RESULTS: Median age was 60 year-old (range 26-79) and median follow-up time was 11.3 months. Primary organs were as follows: 5 gastrointestinal, 19 head and neck, 2 upper respiratory tract, 7 genitourinary and 11 unknown primary origin. The @entity1 with LD and @entity66 were 14 and 30 @entity1 , respectively. Thirty @entity1 received IP as a first-line therapy and 13 @entity1 received one or more therapies (6 surgery, 6 radiation therapy and 10 chemotherapy) before IP induction. The @entity1 were treated with a median of 3 cycles (range 1-8). Response rate was 55.0 % and complete response was shown in 3 @entity1 (7 %). Median progression free survival and overall survival were 5.0 months (95 % CI 12.3-16.9) and 14.6 months (95 % CI 12.3-16.9), respectively. One-year OS rates were 67.2 %. Although Grade 3-4 hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events were seen in 30 @entity1 (68.2 %) and in 18 @entity1 (40.9 %), respectively, no @entity1 died of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective study suggests that an IP regimen is effective and feasible and therefore it might be an effective treatment option for @entity4153 .

title: Combined @entity2600 and XXXX therapy for @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ).

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['EPSCC', 'Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (pVEPs) and relative afferent @entity2300 (RAPD) changes in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 with the consideration of past @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ). METHODS: Ophthalmological, neurological, @entity6653 , RNFL and pVEP studies were conducted in 59 @entity15 @entity1 . RAPD tests were performed in 47 of them. Control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Abnormal RNFL was found in 59% of cases of eyes with @entity7995 and 28% of eyes without @entity7995 . In eyes with @entity7995 , significantly lower RNFL values were indicated in the temporal and lower quadrants. Elongation of pVEP latency was found in 83% of eyes with @entity7995 and 60% of eyes without @entity7995 . The average value of pVEP latency was larger and the amplitude was lower in the subgroup of eyes with RNFL at the borderline or below the norm. RAPD was observed only in eyes with @entity7995 and with RNFL thinning. No association was found between the RAPD and pVEP parameters. CONCLUSIONS: VEPs were more frequently abnormal than RNFL in @entity15 @entity1 . RNFL damage in eyes without @entity7995 may indicate neurodegenerations in CNS of @entity15 @entity1 ; it can also be the consequence of subclinical @entity7995 . SIGNIFICANCE: An analysis of RNFL and VEP can be useful for evaluating the optic nerve in @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Analysis of retinal nerve fibre layer, visual evoked potentials and relative afferent @entity2300 in @entity15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) treatment of @entity170 in @entity1 with T( @entity79 ) > or = 2.5SD. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n = 44) and control group (n = 42). @entity2990 (100 mg q.d.) was given to the treatment group for 6 months. Bone mineral density, ( @entity79 ), biochemical markers of bone absorption and formation and other serum biochemical markers were measured before and after @entity2990 treatment. @entity137 were also evaluated. RESULTS: After oral administration of @entity2990 (100 mg q.d.) for 6 months, the serum concentrations of @entity2990 and @entity442 in the treatment group were 93.75% +/- 16.1% and 17.71% +/- 4.2% higher respectively than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The @entity79 of L2, L3, @entity63212 and Neck sections increased in the treatment group by 2.65% +/- 0.65%, 2.70% +/- 0.48%, 3.10% +/- 0.41%, 2.82% +/- 0.37% and 2.32% +/- 0.31%, respectively, as compared with that the control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). No significant changes were observed in serum FT, E(2) and PSA concentrations in the treatment group as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The treatment of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity2990 is safe and effective.

title: Treatment of @entity170 in @entity1 using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

answer: @entity9027 :: (MESH:D019314,Chemical) :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of combined @entity2600 and @entity1206 in previously treated @entity1 with stage IIIB and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity1149 (7 stage IIIB and 26 stage IV) were enrolled. All had been previously treated with @entity900 , @entity1311 , and @entity136 as first-line chemotherapy. In addition, 24 @entity1 had received radiotherapy. @entity2600 (300 mg/m(2)) was administered on day 1 and @entity1206 (30 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 14, every 4 weeks. Partial response was achieved in 3 @entity1 (9%; 95% CI: 2-24%), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 13 (39%; 95% CI: 23-58%), whereas 17 @entity1 progressed (51%; 95% CI: 33-69%). Median event-free survival was 10 weeks and median overall survival was 25 weeks. Three @entity1 were event free at the end of the study with a follow-up of 40, 73, and 75 weeks. @entity137 was mild, with @entity1431 grade III-IV in 8.6% of cycles. No episodes of @entity294 were observed. Three @entity1 died early after administration of this combination, one of them in the context of severe @entity1431 and @entity882 . Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with @entity2600 and @entity1206 in combination show partial response or @entity66 with minimal @entity137 .

title: Second-line chemotherapy with @entity2600 and XXXX in stage IIIB and @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan', 'CPT-11']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea III-IV']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'IV non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is a @entity74 characterised by insulin resistance and often associated with @entity3427 . Insulin sensitising agents, such as @entity2449 , improve both the biochemical and reproductive parameters; however, no study has been designed to specifically assess the effect of @entity2449 on hair growth. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with @entity3610 and @entity3427 were enrolled into a 14 month (two 6 month phases with a 2 month washout) double-blind placebo-controlled cross over study. MEASUREMENTS: Hirsutism was assessed using the Ferriman and Gallwey (F-G) score, @entity1 self-assessment and growth velocity. Weight, height and waist-hip ratio were recorded. Gonadotrophins, @entity3800 , plasma @entity413 and lipids were also measured. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the full 14 month study. There was a significant improvement in @entity3427 at the end of the @entity2449 phase compared with placebo: F-G score 15.8+/-1.4 vs 17.5+/-1.2 (P=0.025) and @entity1 self-assessment 2.4+/-0.1 vs 3.3+/-0.3 (P=0.014). Growth velocity, in millimetres per day at the end of each phase also improved (0.67+/-0.17 vs 0.77+/-0.11; P=0.03). There was a non-significant improvement in both @entity443 ( @entity443 ) and free @entity342 index (FAI), although there was a significant difference between baseline and @entity2449 treatment for @entity443 (P=0.023) and FAI (P=0.036). @entity2449 treatment also reduced weight significantly (91.5+/-7.6 vs 94.0+/-9.8 kg; P=0.009) and led to a significant improvement in cycle frequency (0.53+/-0.12 vs 0.35+/-0.08 cycles per month; P=0.008). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that @entity2449 treatment in a group of @entity1 with @entity3610 results in a clinically and statistically significant improvement in hair growth compared with placebo.

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity3427 in @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['common reproductive disorder']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: When searching for a known target in a natural texture, practiced @entity1 achieve near-optimal performance compared to a Bayesian ideal searcher constrained with the @entity1 map of target detectability across the visual field [Najemnik, J., _ Geisler, W. S. (2005). Optimal eye movement strategies in @entity227 . Nature, 434, 387-391]. To do so, @entity1 must be good at choosing where to fixate during the search [Najemnik, J., _ Geisler, W.S. (2008). Eye movement statistics in @entity1 are consistent with an optimal strategy. Journal of Vision, 8(3), 1-14. 4]; however, it seems unlikely that a biological nervous system would implement the computations for the Bayesian ideal fixation selection because of their complexity. Here we derive and test a simple heuristic for optimal fixation selection that appears to be a much better candidate for implementation within a biological nervous system. Specifically, we show that the near-optimal fixation location is the maximum of the current posterior probability distribution for target location after the distribution is filtered by (convolved with) the square of the retinotopic target detectability map. We term the model that uses this strategy the entropy limit minimization (ELM) searcher. We show that when constrained with @entity1 -like retinotopic map of target detectability and @entity1 search error rates, the ELM searcher performs as well as the Bayesian ideal searcher, and produces fixation statistics similar to @entity1 .

title: Simple summation rule for optimal fixation selection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual search']