abstract: BACKGROUND: The airway @entity4 and secretions associated with @entity697 are most effectively treated with anti-inflammatories such as @entity288 delivered by inhaled, oral, intravenous or intra-muscular routes. There is an unresolved debate about the use of systemic corticorticoids in the early treatment of @entity697 for @entity341 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the benefit of treating @entity1 with @entity697 with systemic @entity288 within an hour of presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised controlled trials were identified from the Cochrane Airways Group Asthma Register. Primary authors and content experts were contacted to identify eligible studies. Bibliographies from included studies and known reviews were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised trials were eligible for inclusion. Studies were included if @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity697 were treated with IV/IM or oral @entity288 (CS) vs. placebo within 1 hour of arrival and either admission rate or pulmonary function results were reported. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers, and confirmed with corresponding authors. MAIN RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 863 @entity1 (435 @entity288 ; 428 placebo) were included. Early use of CS for @entity697 in the @entity341 significantly reduced admission rates (N = 11; pooled OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.78). This would correspond with a number needed to treat of 8 (95% CI: 5 to 21). This benefit was more pronounced for those not receiving systemic CS prior to @entity341 presentation (N = 7; OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.70) and those with more severe @entity565 (N = 7; OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.59). Oral CS therapy in @entity1 was particularly effective (N = 3; OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.53); no trials in adults used the oral route. Side effects were not significantly different between @entity228 treatments and placebo. A further search was conducted in September 2000 which did not yield any further trials. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity288 within 1 hour of presentation to an @entity341 significantly reduces the need for hospital admission in @entity1 with @entity697 . Benefits appear greatest in @entity1 with more severe @entity565 , and those not currently receiving @entity230 . @entity1 appear to respond well to oral @entity230 .

title: Early XXXX treatment of @entity697 with systemic @entity288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity11665 of the @entity572 , a rare benign condition characterized by multiple intra-articular osteochondral loose bodies and @entity1373 , may result in mechanical symptoms and @entity571 if untreated. The purpose of this study was to report the results of arthrotomy alone or combined with @entity572 to perform synovectomy and removal of loose bodies in @entity1 with this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of twenty-one @entity1 (twenty-one hips) with primary @entity11665 of the @entity572 treated with open surgical d  bridement. On the basis of the extent of extra-articular involvement as seen on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, eight of the twenty-one @entity1 underwent synovectomy and removal of loose bodies following @entity572 and thirteen underwent the same procedure with arthrotomy alone. At a mean of 4.4 years postoperatively, the @entity1 were assessed clinically and radiographically with special attention to disease recurrence, @entity571 progression, and surgical complications. RESULTS: The mean Harris @entity572 score for the entire series of @entity1 improved from 58 points preoperatively to 91 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Eighteen of the twenty-one @entity1 had a good or excellent clinical result, and seventeen @entity1 were satisfied with the result of the surgery. The clinical scores, @entity1 satisfaction scores, and radiographic grades of @entity571 at the time of the latest follow-up did not differ significantly between the group treated with dislocation and the group treated without dislocation. Symptomatic disease recurred in two of the thirteen hips treated with arthrotomy alone and in none of the hips that had undergone dislocation. However, the surgical complication rate was higher in the group treated with dislocation than it was in the group treated without dislocation (p = 0.042). While @entity1 with some signs of mild @entity571 at the initial procedure had a higher rate of @entity571 progression, severe @entity571 requiring arthroplasty had developed in only one @entity1 at the time of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: At a mean of 4.4 years postoperatively, we found that open synovectomy and removal of loose bodies for the treatment of primary @entity11665 of the @entity572 is a reliable procedure that can effectively relieve symptoms. Our results also indicated that @entity11665 may recur in @entity1 with extensive involvement who are treated with synovectomy alone without @entity572 are more likely to occur in @entity1 managed with @entity572 and synovectomy.

title: Operative treatment of primary @entity11665 of the XXXX . Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11665 :: ('MESH:D015838', 'Disease') :: ['synovial osteochondromatosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip; however, surgical complications', 'hip', 'anterior dislocation of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip']


abstract: A population of neurons resident in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by noxious cutaneous and visceral stimuli from large portions of the body. These neurons act as monitors of ascending nociceptive information, and we hypothesized that they would be inhibited by spinally administered analgesics in a clinically relevant fashion. @entity35 were anesthetized with @entity26 / @entity1508 . The caudal medulla was surgically exposed, and a catheter placed into the intrathecal space overlying the lower thoracic spinal cord via the surgical site. Single medullary neurons were characterized for responses to cutaneous and visceral (colorectal distension) stimuli. The effects of i.v. and intrathecally administered @entity1286 and @entity3303 were determined. The intrathecal infusion of @entity1286 for 6 days before testing was also used as a pretreatment. Colorectal distension-evoked responses of medullary nociceptive neurons were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxonereversible fashion by intrathecal and i.v. @entity1286 (50% effective dose values: 3.5 and 440 microg/kg, respectively). Intrathecal @entity3303 abolished responses to colorectal distension and produced a spinal level at doses producing minimal effects when administered systemically. Prior treatment with an infusion of @entity1286 produced tolerance to the effects of subsequent intrathecal @entity1286 administration. These findings support the use of this preparation as a neurophysiologic model of spinal analgesia. IMPLICATIONS: Neurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of @entity158 -related activity in the @entity35 . As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics.

title: The effect of spinal analgesia on visceral nociceptive neurons in caudal medulla of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: During 5 days in January 1994, two visiting expatriate ophthalmologists performed extracapsular @entity231 surgery on 111 @entity1 at a nonprofit hospital in Asia. The authors investigated the development of postoperative @entity3279 . METHODS: An epidemiologic and clinical investigation was undertaken by a review of clinical charts, interview of personnel involved, an examination and interview of @entity1 who underwent surgery, and a laboratory simulation of the disinfection procedure used. RESULTS: Follow-up was available on 58% of the @entity1 . The attack rate was at least 37% and likely to be approximately 64%. The attack rate was highest the first 2 days of surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that the day of surgery was the only characteristic significantly associated with the presence of @entity3279 . A simulation of the disinfection technique used (soaked in 2% @entity3584 and rinsing) showed that significant levels of @entity3584 remain in instruments with small lumens after the rinse. CONCLUSION: The epidemiologic data and simulation information are compatible; the lack of adequate rinsing of small lumen instruments soaked in @entity3584 is the most probable cause of this incident. Recommendations for surgeons on surgical expeditions are proposed.

title: Corneal decompensation after XXXX surgery. An outbreak investigation in Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: A bone matrix-induced endochondral bone development model has been used to study the effects of @entity3800 on different stages of bone development in castrated young adult @entity35 . @entity342 treatment, especially with @entity586 ( @entity587 ) for 7 days, inhibited 35SO4 incorporation by the developing cartilage in the induced plaques. Castrated control animals maintained for 11 days after implantation of bone matrix showed significantly lower @entity460 levels in the induced implant than was observed earlier in the unoperated controls. @entity587 treatment for 11 days caused dramatic increases in levels of @entity460 in the implants. @entity251 had little effect. When @entity342 treatment was continued for 21 days, while levels of alkaline phosphatase in the implants were unaffected, levels of @entity460 in the implants were significantly higher than on day 11 for both castrated control and @entity342 -treated animals. Peak alkaline phosphatase activity (day 10) is known to precede peak @entity460 mineralizing activity (day 12) in this model and it is also known that @entity460 levels remain high thereafter. Evaluation of @entity460 and alkaline phosphatase levels in the proximal tibial metaphyses of castrated control and @entity342 -treated groups of animals showed no changes after 11 days treatment. Prolonged treatment (21 days) elevated the levels of alkaline phosphatase whereas no change was observed in @entity460 levels in the tibial metaphyses. These findings demonstrate that @entity3800 stimulate mineralization and that @entity587 is more active when used for short periods of time and in early stages of bone development in matrix-induced implants.

title: Influence of @entity251 and XXXX on bone-matrix induced endochondral bone formation.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity586 :: (MESH:D013196,Chemical) :: ['dihydrotestosterone']


abstract: Protein and essential @entity844 (EFA) deficiencies may both occur in chronic @entity3147 and have common symptoms. To determine the interactions between dietary protein intake and EFA availability, @entity35 were fed purified diets containing 20% or 2% casein and 5% as one of four fats (sunflower, @entity1460 , coconut, or salmon oil) that differed particularly in their n-6 and n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ). @entity3147 enhanced hepatic @entity1674 and @entity165 concentrations while decreasing hepatic protein and phospholipid contents and mass and components of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The ratio of @entity5204 to @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ) was consistently depressed by @entity3147 in liver and VLDL @entity1674 and phospholipid. Total n-6 and n-3 @entity1718 were diminished by @entity3147 , except with salmon oil, with which a decrease in 20:5n-3 was compensated for by an increase in 22:6n-3. The ratio of 20:4n-6 to 18:2n-6 was enhanced in liver phospholipid and VLDL @entity1674 , and modified little in liver @entity1674 . Generally, the ratio of 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6, an index for @entity1560 , was raised with @entity3147 in liver @entity1674 and phospholipid and in VLDL @entity1674 . The extent of changes in each @entity844 proportion varied according to the oil fed. Overall, VLDL-apolipoprotein concentrations were, in general, strongly reduced with @entity3147 . In conclusion, @entity3147 may accelerate marginal @entity1560 and decrease long-chain @entity5204 bioavailability and thus increase EFA requirement.

title: Hepatic storage and transport of n-3 and n-6 XXXX by very-low-density lipoproteins in growing @entity35 fed low- or adequate-protein diets with sunflower, @entity1460 , coconut, and salmon oils.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['EFA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Protein malnutrition', 'protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: To determine the potential roles of @entity4878 in the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract epithelium, we have studied the expression of the cellular @entity904 - and @entity1968 -binding proteins, @entity32502 and @entity27275 , in the reproductive tract of female @entity35 . @entity32502 and @entity27275 gene expression have been examined in the oviduct, ovary, uterus, and particularly in the cervix, which normally undergoes a cyclical squamous metaplasia during the estrus cycle. @entity32502 was expressed in all four tissues examined, whereas @entity27275 was expressed predominantly in cervix and uterus. In the cervix, @entity32502 was detected in all epithelial layers including the columnar epithelium but was greatly reduced in the superficial, cornified layers of the stratified squamous epithelium. @entity27275 was localized to the basement membrane region of the epithelium with the strongest expression in the basal layer of epithelial cells. While the expression of @entity32502 and @entity27275 in the keratinizing exocervix changed during the estrus cycle, it remained constant in the incompletely keratinized endocervix. The highest levels of @entity32502 were seen during anestrus and proestrus, and for @entity27275 during proestrus. Both @entity32502 and @entity27275 levels fell to barely detectable levels during estrus and metestrus. Using @entity172 repletion of ovariectomized @entity35 , we found that @entity27275 levels transiently increased during the early proliferative response to @entity172 , whereas @entity32502 levels gradually declined, becoming barely detectable by 24 to 48 hours. These results suggest that @entity32502 and @entity27275 play different roles in the cyclical squamous metaplasia normally occurring in this tissue and that hormonal control of @entity32502 and @entity27275 expression might modulate the @entity554 responsiveness of the epithelium during this process.

title: Expression of cellular XXXX - and cellular @entity1968 -binding proteins in the @entity35 cervical epithelium is regulated by endocrine stimuli during normal squamous metaplasia.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['retinol']


abstract: An 8-year experience with treatment of 58 @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) is reviewed with hospital mortality of 25.9 per cent. Added to a previously reported experience, 115 @entity1 have been treated over 25 years with 33 per cent mortality. @entity551 , free @entity397 , @entity1317 , and massive transfusion were found to be associated with mortality. Interhospital transfer, preexisting @entity301 , known @entity439 , @entity417 , delay in surgery, and operative time were not found to predict outcome. Some @entity1 are normotensive at presentation, providing an excellent chance for survival when expeditious diagnosis and treatment are carried out. Optimal operative management, complications, and causes of @entity204 are discussed. The role of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis is considered. Elective resection of known @entity439 is the most important factor in reducing deaths from @entity1755 . The role of regionalization of care is unclear, since some @entity1 cannot be safely transported. However, some evidence for optimal results in specialized centers is presented.

title: XXXX : a 25-year experience and analysis of recent cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'RAAA']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary or pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative hypotension']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the @entity137 and efficacy of multimodal approaches, including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation, for @entity1 with recurrent or persistent @entity418 after radiotherapy. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity418 treated with three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 31 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy, and 14 @entity1 underwent regional @entity221 during the re-irradiation. We divided the @entity1 into two groups on the basis of their clinical condition: the curative group (n = 11) or the palliative group (n = 20). Severe @entity137 were detected in one @entity1 with Grade 3 esophageal perforation in the curative group, and 5 @entity1 had a Grade 3 or higher @entity137 of the esophagus in the palliative group. @entity1442 stage at the time of re-irradiation was found to be significantly correlated with Grade 3 or higher @entity137 in the esophagus. For the curative group, 10 (91%) of 11 @entity1 had an objective response. For the palliative group, symptom relief was recognized in 8 (57%) of 14 @entity1 with obvious swallowing difficulty. In conclusion, in the curative group with early-stage recurrent or persistent @entity418 , the multimodal approaches, including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation, may be feasible, showing acceptable @entity137 and a potential value of promising results, although further evaluations especially for the @entity137 of the organs at risk are required. In the palliative group, the benefit of our therapy may be restrictive because severe esophageal @entity137 were not uncommon in the @entity1 with advanced T stage at the time of re-irradiation.

title: Multimodal approaches including three-dimensional conformal re-irradiation for recurrent or persistent XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced T']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Regulation of the initiation of gene transcription from the gal operon of @entity526 is activated by the binding of @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) to a site centered at base pair -41.5 relative to the S1 start site of transcription. This operon is repressed by the specific binding of Gal repressor (GalR) to two operators, OE and @entity6926 , centered at -60.5 and +53.5, respectively. It has been proposed that this negative regulation results from the interaction of GalR dimers bound to OE and @entity6926 to form a protein-mediated "looped complex" [cf. Adhya, S. (1989) Annu. Rev. Genet. 23, 207-230]. In order to test whether DNA-bound @entity3457 would facilitate or inhibit the binding of GalR, the simultaneous binding of these proteins was studied by quantitative DNase I footprint titration analysis. These studies demonstrate that GalR binding is noncooperative in the presence and in the absence of @entity3457 and that GalR and @entity3457 bind to the gal operon independently. No evidence was found that @entity3457 stabilizes a putative Gal repressor-mediated protein-DNA looped complex. It has been shown that the gal operon can be negatively regulated by the binding of Lac repressor (LacI) to a gal operon in which OE and @entity6926 were both modified to be recognized by LacI [Haber, R., _ Adhya, S. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 9683-9687]. In contrast to GalR, LacI binds to the chimeric gal operon with moderate cooperativity via the formation of a stable protein-DNA looped complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interactions between DNA-bound transcriptional regulators of the XXXX gal operon.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'catabolite activator protein']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase II clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-dose @entity8778 (2CDA) for treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in the accelerated or blast phase. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 were treated. The median age was 55 years (range, 30 to 73). Six were older than 60 years. Eight had progressed after intensive combination chemotherapy and three after allogeneic or autologous transplantation. For the first course, 16 @entity1 received 2CDA at 15 mg/m2/d intravenously (i.v.) over 1 hour for 5 days. Two received 18 mg/m2 and one received 21.5 mg/m2 daily. The second course was escalated to 20 mg/m2/d in five @entity1 . RESULTS: Rapid cytoreduction of @entity1778 occurred in the blood, with the nadir at 10 to 12 days. The median WBC count decreased from 36,900/microL before treatment to 500/microL at the nadir and recovered to 5,200/microL at day 30. The median platelet count changed from 113,000/microL to 24,000/microL at the nadir and 71,000/microL at day 30. The complete remission (CR) plus partial remission (PR) rate was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23% to 72%). One 64-year-old @entity1 with lymphoid blast phase of @entity1860 had a morphologic and cytogenetic CR that lasted 9 months. The median survival for all @entity1 was 34 weeks, and the median survival for the eight responders was 56 weeks (range, 11 to 167). The median number of days spent in hospital over the entire treatment period was 19 (range, 4 to 60). CONCLUSION: High-dose 2CDA therapy provides effective palliation for @entity1860 in accelerated or blast phases, even for heavily pretreated @entity1 .

title: High-dose cladribine therapy for XXXX in the accelerated or blast phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: @entity179 was induced in @entity235 by extra-articular surgery that created a condition that mimics @entity572 . Decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head gave altered mechanical load, with ensuing @entity528 . For comparison, @entity179 was induced in other @entity235 by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The femoral head articular cartilage showed macroscopic signs of @entity528 within a month. No macroscopical changes of @entity603 were present. Chemical analysis of cartilage samples showed loss of proteoglycans. @entity2097 extracts of the cartilage contained proteoglycan fragments that could be separated by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in @entity6928 . The data indicate that proteoglycans are fragmented by proteolytic cleavage and lost from the cartilage. The proteoglycans remaining in the tissue are smaller and have lost the ability to aggregate with hyaluronic acid. Similarly, in experimental knee joint @entity571 , the proteoglycan content of the cartilage decreased. The structural changes of those proteoglycans remaining were of a different nature, with no changes in proteoglycan size or aggregation properties, possibly indicating that both degradation and repair took place in the knee articular cartilage and/or that fragments were rapidly lost from the tissue. This may follow from different surgical procedures, only the one used for the hip joint being extra-articular, or from the different anatomy and physiology of the hip joint and the knee joint.

title: Proteoglycan alterations during developing experimental XXXX in a novel hip joint model.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity6928 :: ('MESH:C028019', 'Chemical') :: ['cesium chloride']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative knee joint disease', 'Degenerative hip joint disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration', 'degeneration']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) gene-transduced, irradiated @entity5 vaccines induce potent, T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses in preclinical models. We report the initial results of a Phase I trial evaluating this strategy for safety and the induction of immune responses in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1 were treated in a randomized, double-blind dose-escalation study with equivalent doses of autologous, irradiated @entity1358 vaccine cells with or without ex vivo @entity1 @entity2841 gene transfer. The replication-defective retroviral vector MFG was used for @entity2841 gene transfer. No dose-limiting @entity137 were encountered in 16 fully evaluable @entity1 . @entity2841 gene-transduced vaccines were equivalent in @entity137 to nontransduced vaccines up to the feasible limits of @entity5 vaccine yield. No evidence of @entity792 was observed. Biopsies of intradermal sites of injection with @entity2841 gene-transduced vaccines contained distinctive macrophage, dendritic cell, eosinophil, neutrophil, and T-cell infiltrates similar to those observed in preclinical models of efficacy. Histological analysis of @entity56 responses in @entity1 vaccinated with @entity2841 -transduced vaccines demonstrated an intense eosinophil infiltrate that was not observed in @entity1 who received nontransduced vaccines. An objective partial response was observed in a @entity1 treated with @entity2841 gene-transduced vaccine who displayed the @entity56 conversion. No replication-competent retrovirus was detected in vaccinated @entity1 . This Phase I study demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and bioactivity of an autologous @entity2841 gene-transduced @entity5 vaccine for @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Bioactivity of autologous irradiated XXXX vaccines generated by ex vivo @entity2841 gene transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['largest delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Protein C inhibits coagulation and promotes fibrinolysis. This study investigates the association between @entity7131 and @entity393 , @entity715 in pregnancy, and @entity715 with oral contraception. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen protein C--deficient @entity1 and 37 controls from a single kindred were studied. An obstetric history was obtained by telephone. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, Fisher's exact test, and Student t test. RESULTS: Protein C--deficient @entity1 experienced a 33% @entity393 versus 19% in the controls (not significant). @entity1031 during pregnancy in protein C--deficient @entity1 was 33% (45% in those not receiving prophylactic anticoagulation) versus 5% in controls (odds ratio 7.37, p = 0.026). Five of 12 protein C--deficient @entity1 using oral contraception developed @entity715 versus 0 of 33 controls. The risk of @entity715 for protein C--deficient @entity1 using oral contraception is increased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal outcome is not statistically different with @entity7131 . @entity7131 increases the risk of @entity715 during pregnancy and with oral contraception. Prophylactic heparin is suggested during pregnancy for protein C--deficient @entity1 with personal or family histories of @entity715 . Oral contraception is not advised.

title: @entity393 and @entity715 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency', 'Protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein C deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of open and endovascular repair for @entity1028 . METHODS: From January 2002 to July 2007, clinical data of 223 @entity1 with @entity1028 undergoing open (141 @entity1 ) or endovascular repair (82 @entity1 ) were retrospectively reviewed. The intra- and post-operative complications, mortality, complications, survival, life quality, and cost during follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Operative time in endovascular group was significantly shorter than open repair group. @entity190 and transfusion in endovascular group were significantly less than open repair group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference of intra- and post-operation complications (P > 0.05). Six-month total SF-36 scores were significantly higher in open repair group compared with endovascular group. There was no significant difference of survival rate at 2 years (P > 0.05), but endovascular group had fewer complications (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair is mini-invasive, but has more complications of long-term follow-up. The life quality in open repair group is better than endovascular group, and a prospective random trial is required.

title: [Comparison of open and endovascular repair for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty (ALTK) for the management of anterior corneal stromal scarring caused by @entity11738 . METHODS: Seventeen cases of @entity2372 that were treated by ALTK were retrospectively evaluated. The main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry, pachymetry, time to epithelialization, graft clarity, and complications, if any. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 50.3    14.1 years. Five of the 17 cases had @entity528 . The mean decimal BCVA was 0.06    0.05 preoperatively, which improved to 0.41    0.16 at 12 months, and 12 eyes (70.6%) had a postoperative BCVA of 6/18 or better. The median epithelialization time was 6 days (range, 1-38 days). Persistent epithelial defect developed in 6 eyes, and 1 eye developed @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Anterior stromal corneal scarring caused by @entity11738 can be effectively treated with ALTK. However, occurrence of persistent epithelial defects may complicate the success of this surgery.

title: Management of XXXX by automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty.

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['trachomatous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['graft infection']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Salzmann nodular degeneration']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['trachomatous keratopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been variously reported that @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) have an increased risk of @entity3799 . We aimed to assess in a large, accurately phenotyped, case-controlled population whether @entity1 with @entity29 had increased rates of abnormal cervical smears and if this was affected by immunosuppressant therapy or disease phenotype. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity29 diagnosed prior to the age of 60 were studied at a single tertiary referral center in Scotland. Full cervical smear histories were available on 411 @entity1 (204 @entity30 , 207 @entity31 , median age at diagnosis 28.4 years, median current age 44.1 years). All the cases were matched 1:4 to healthy controls (n = 1644) from the same geographical location. RESULTS: There was no difference in rates of abnormal smears between @entity1 with @entity29 (80.5% negative, 10.5% low-grade, and 9.0% high-grade @entity1141 ) and controls (85.4%, 7.7%, and 6.9%, P = 0.37). The use of immunosuppressant therapy had no impact on rates of @entity3799 or @entity5 . Furthermore, there was no effect of disease location, behavior, or oral contraceptive use. However, there were significantly more abnormal cervical smears in @entity29 @entity1 who were current smokers compared with exsmokers and those who had never smoked (27.4% versus 11.4%, P = 0.001, odds ratio = 2.95, 95% confidence interval = 1.55-5.50). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity29 are not at increased risk of abnormal cervical smears unless they smoke. These data suggest that young @entity1 with @entity29 should be managed as per the background population; attending for regular smear testing, and undergoing vaccination against @entity5 when available.

title: Lack of association between @entity3799 and XXXX : a large case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: We evaluated the validity and the usefulness of a new test for the diagnosis of @entity1 @entity3377 based on an immunocapture-agglutination technique. A total of 315 sera from 82 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity3377 , 157 sera from @entity1 in whom @entity3377 was suspected but not confirmed, and 412 sera from @entity1 living in rural areas with endemic @entity3377 were studied. The @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), Coombs anti-Brucella test, and Brucellacapt test were evaluated. All the initial sera from the 82 @entity1 proved to be positive in Brucellacapt and Coombs tests, while only 75 (91.4%) were positive in the @entity1062 . If a >/=1/160 diagnostic threshold titer was defined for the Brucellacapt test, Coombs test, and @entity1062 , the sensitivities were 95.1, 91.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Taking the same diagnostic threshold titer for the 157 sera from the unconfirmed but suspected @entity1 , the specificities of the Brucellacapt, Coombs, and @entity1062 were 81.5, 96.2, and 100%, respectively; for the 412 control sera, the specificities were 99.0, 99.8, and 100%. The diagnostic efficiency (area below the receiver operating characteristic curve) of Brucellacapt was 0.987852 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95109 to 0.99286), very similar to the diagnostic efficiency of the Coombs test (0.97611; 95% CI, 0.94781 to 0.99146) and higher than that of @entity1062 (0.91013; 95% CI, 0.86649 to 0.94317). The results of the Brucellacapt test were compared with those of the Coombs test (correlation coefficient, 0.956; P = 0.000) and @entity1062 (correlation coefficient, 0.866; P = 0.000). The study shows very good correlation between the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests, with a high concordance between titers obtained in the two tests. Nevertheless, lower correlation and concordance were found between the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests when the results for titers of >/=1/160 were compared (0.692; P = 0.000). In @entity697 , the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests render positive titers of >/=1/160. When the titers are lower, they increase significantly in the following 30 days, despite the evolution of @entity1062 titers. In contrast, Brucellacapt and Coombs titers are always high (>/=1/640) in @entity3377 with long evolution, whether @entity1062 titers are higher or lower than 1/160.

title: Evaluation of an immunocapture-agglutination test (Brucellacapt) for serodiagnosis of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'seroagglutination test']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: The effects of inhalation anesthetics, @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) and @entity1508 , on the expression of @entity5019 protein evoked by @entity406 injection were studied in the spinal cord in the @entity35 . The expression of @entity5019 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry following the injection of @entity406 (5%, 100 microliters) into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw. After 15 min of @entity1508 (F) anesthesia, the anesthetics was switched to 40% or 70% of @entity3727 , 0.5% or 1.5% of F or room air (for control) immediately following the @entity406 injection. Two hours later the @entity35 were sacrificed and perfused. Sections of the L4 level of spinal cord were immunostained with anti @entity5019 antibody. We counted the number of @entity5019 -like immunoreactive (FLI) cells in every specific lamina as follows: superficial layer (laminae I and II), nucleus proprius (laminae III and IV), neck of the dorsal horn (laminae V and VI) and ventral gray (laminae VII-X). Then we compared the results of each category of sample. Both @entity3727 and @entity1508 suppressed the expression of @entity5019 in the neck of the dorsal horn and ventral gray in a dose-dependent manner, but no effects were seen at the superficial layer or nucleus proprius. Suppression of @entity5019 expression was greater under @entity3727 than @entity1508 anesthesia. This finding suggests that @entity3727 had a stronger analgesic effect than @entity1508 . The current study indicates that inhalation anesthetics do not act equally on every kind of spinal neurons. Both @entity3727 and @entity1508 have effects on spinal neurons in the deeper layers but not on the neurons existed in laminae I-II, some of which directly receive noxious inputs. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of @entity1510 , which completely reversed the effects of @entity1286 , did not alter the effect of 70% @entity3727 , suggesting that the analgesic effect of @entity3727 is not mediated by an intrinsic opioid mechanism at the spinal cord level.

title: Inhalation anesthetics suppress the expression of @entity5019 protein evoked by noxious somatic stimulation in the deeper layer of the spinal cord in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: All types of @entity130 to the organism produce a systemic response that is proportional to the severity of the lesion caused. The more rapid clinical recovery during the postoperative period of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy vs. @entity1 receiving conventional surgery suggests that laparoscopic surgery produces less surgical @entity130 . The aim of this randomized, prospective study was to compare acute phase postoperative response in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity694 undergoing open segmentary colectomy vs. laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. METHODS: From June 1994 to July 1997 the results of 97 @entity1 (58 submitted to open colectomy and 39 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy) were analyzed. Blood determinations of @entity701 , @entity4090 , @entity1851 and @entity650 were performed before surgery and at 4, 12, 24, and 72 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The plasma levels of @entity701 and @entity4090 were higher in the postoperative period with both surgical techniques with no significant differences being observed. The levels of @entity650 achieved a maximum peak at 4 hours after surgery, later showing a decrease and practically achieving basal levels at 72 hours in both groups. The levels of @entity650 were higher with significant differences at 4, 12, and 24 hours in the @entity1 undergoing open colectomy. The plasma levels of @entity1851 were significantly lower at 72 hours in @entity1 receiving laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this randomized, prospective study suggest that acute phase systemic response is attenuated in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy in comparison with @entity1 receiving open colectomy.

title: Acute phase response in laparoscopic and open colectomy in XXXX : randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early postnatal treatment with high doses of @entity288 may be effective in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight @entity1 at risk for @entity2107 . However, serious side effects may occur. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 5 very low birth weight neonates, mean (+/- SEM): gestational age range 27.5 +/- 2 weeks, mean birth weight (+/- SEM): 836 g +/- 169 referred between April 1997 and October 1998 from a single academic neonatal intensive care unit to our tertiary pediatric surgical center with the diagnosis of intestinal perforation. During the same period, 60 very low birth weight @entity1 have been treated in that unit following a standardized protocol including surfactant for @entity649 and high-dose @entity619 to prevent @entity2107 . RESULTS: Pneumoperitoneum was diagnosed between 6 to 9 days after birth. Clinically, all babies remained surprisingly stable. An isolated ileal perforation, without sign of @entity3166 , was found at laparotomy in each @entity1 . A limited intestinal resection was performed, with primary end-toend @entity254 (3 cases) or with transient ileostomies (2 cases). Surgical outcome was favorable in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: isolated intestinal perforation may be a complication of the preventive treatment of @entity1030 with high-dose @entity288 in very low birth weight @entity1 . Conversely, @entity288 may reduce the clinical signs and the multiple organ dysfunction associated with an abdominal drama, explaining the very good surgical prognosis of these newborns. Attention must be paid to an insidious @entity516 .

title: Small-bowel perforation in very low birth weight neonates treated with high-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: To identify novel late-onset @entity195 (LOAD) risk genes, we have analysed Amish populations of Ohio and Indiana. We performed genome-wide SNP linkage and association studies on 798 individuals (109 with LOAD). We tested association using the Modified Quasi-Likelihood Score test and also performed two-point and multipoint linkage analyses. We found that LOAD was significantly associated with @entity2204 (P= 9.0   10-6) in all our ascertainment regions except for the Adams County, Indiana, community (P= 0.55). Genome-wide, the most strongly associated SNP was @entity55154 (P= 7.92   10-7). A very strong, genome-wide significant multipoint peak [recessive heterogeneity multipoint LOD (HLOD) = 6.14, dominant HLOD = 6.05] was detected on 2p12. Three additional loci with multipoint HLOD scores >3 were detected on 3q26, 9q31 and 18p11. Converging linkage and association results, the most significantly associated SNP under the 2p12 peak was at @entity55155 (P= 1.29   10-4). This SNP is located in @entity2718 , which encodes @entity2718 , a neuronal-specific catenin known to have function in the developing brain. These results identify @entity2718 as a novel candidate LOAD gene, and implicate three other regions of the genome as novel LOAD loci. These results underscore the utility of using family-based linkage and association analyses in isolated populations to identify novel loci for traits with complex genetic architecture.

title: Genome-wide association and linkage study in the Amish detects a novel candidate late-onset XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: The SOS DNA repair system is induced in bacteria treated with @entity52300 . However, whether the response exacerbates or repairs the damage caused by these drugs is still unclear. The recA13 and the recB21 mutations impair recombination repair and render bacteria unable to induce the SOS response when treated with @entity802 or other agents that affect DNA synthesis. However, UV treatment induces the SOS response in recB21 mutants but not in recA13 mutants. Both these mutants are hypersensitive to @entity802 and, therefore, either recombination repair or SOS repair would appear to repair DNA damage caused by the drug. However, since the lexA3 mutation (which also renders bacteria incapable of inducing the SOS response without affecting recombination repair) had no effect on the susceptibility of bacteria to @entity802 , the SOS response neither contributes to nor repairs DNA damage caused by the drug. Consequently, it would seem that the @entity56 of the recA13 and recB21 mutants to @entity802 is due to their deficiency in recombination repair. This view was confirmed by testing a recA430 mutant that is recombination-repair proficient but SOS repair-deficient and finding it to be no more sensitive to @entity802 than its parent. Thus it would appear that, although induced by @entity802 treatment, the SOS DNA repair system does not play any role in bacterial responses to the damage caused by the drug. In contrast, the recombination repair system does repair damage caused by @entity802 .

title: XXXX and the SOS response.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

answer: @entity52300 :: (MESH:D042462,Chemical) :: ['4-quinolones']


abstract: Objective. To characterize MR signal changes associated with tissue damage in the fornix and cingulum in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) using quantitative MRI measures and to determine associations with @entity73 . Background. The fornix and cingulum are white-matter bundles that carry information related to cognition. While @entity73 is reported in 40-60% of @entity15 @entity1 , the neuroanatomical correlates of @entity73 remain incompletely understood. Methods. The cingulum, pillars of the fornix, and corticospinal tract were segmented by fiber tracking via diffusion tensor imaging. Average tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) were compared in @entity15 cases and healthy volunteers. Associations with clinical measures and neuropsychological tests were derived by multivariate linear regression. Results. Fornix FA (P = 0.004) and MTR (P = 0.005) were decreased, and fornix @entity1893 (P < 0.001) and cingulum @entity1893 (P < 0.001) increased, in @entity15 cases (n = 101) relative to healthy volunteers (n = 16) after adjustment for age and sex. Lower fornix FA and MTR, and higher fornix @entity1893 and

title: Quantitative MRI demonstrates abnormality of the fornix and cingulum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflow of @entity5 cells to circulation is an essential step for @entity3 of @entity5 . To know its state may contribute to therapeutic strategy. However, methodology to detect @entity2 cells floating in peripheral blood has not been established. Pulmonary @entity3231 , @entity12481 and Clara cells-10 kd protein ( @entity10974 ) are specific to the lung and often expressed in primary @entity2 . We evaluated the worth of these gene expressions for the detection of @entity189 cells in peripheral blood. METHODS: The expressions in 5 ml of venous blood were tested by RT-PCR. Ninety-nine @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and 17 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were compared to 13 with @entity2 , 48 with non-malignant @entity1576 and 19 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The mRNA expressions of @entity3231 and @entity12481 were completely specific to @entity1149 when compared to @entity151 and @entity2 . All of the healthy volunteers and @entity1 with non-malignant @entity1576 showed negative for these mRNA expressions, except for one sample. The positive rate of @entity3231 , @entity12481 and @entity10974 mRNA in @entity1 with @entity1149 was 33.3%, 14.1%, 3.3%, respectively. The rates of @entity3231 and @entity12481 mRNA were higher than that (11.1%) in CEA mRNA. The increased positive rate of mRNA of @entity3231 and @entity12481 was significantly dependent on the clinical stage and the existence of distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the detection of mRNA of @entity3231 and @entity12481 would give clinicians valuable information suggesting the presence of blood-floating @entity189 cells as a step toward @entity3 .

title: Surfactant protein gene expressions for XXXX cells in peripheral blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein (SP)-A', 'SP-A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['secondary lung tumor', 'secondary lung tumors', 'lung carcinomas', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['detection of lung carcinoma']


abstract: Maintenance immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) following renal transplantation is associated with nephrotoxicity and accelerated graft loss. We aimed to assess whether conversion to @entity3446 -based immunosuppression would affect the progression of @entity8 . In this single center, randomized controlled trial, 40 renal transplant recipients between 6 months and 8 years post-transplant were randomly assigned to remain on their CNI ( @entity205 or @entity1140 ) or to switch to @entity3446 . The primary outcome measure was change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement at 12 months. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Of the 40 @entity1 randomized, 2 @entity1 never took the study drugs and were excluded, leaving 19 @entity1 per group. There was a significant change in GFR at 12 months following conversion to @entity3446 (12.9 mL/min, 95% CI 6.1-19.7; p < 0.001). Following conversion, the principal adverse events were the development of @entity1910 (68%), particularly acne, @entity9645 (32%). No @entity1 in either group experienced an acute rejection episode. In renal transplant recipients, a change in maintenance therapy from CNIs to @entity3446 is associated with significant improvement in GFR at 12 months.

title: A randomized controlled trial of late conversion from CNI-based to XXXX -based immunosuppression following renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['and mouth ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: The routine diagnosis of @entity378 and other @entity66 based on organism identification was completed during a period of one year in 730 @entity1 , with serological IgG, IgM and IgA determination of antibodies against antigen 60 from @entity2499 BCG. The analysis was performed on 10 groups of @entity1 consisting of 1) inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, 2) @entity2396 , @entity2401 , @entity3298 and @entity149 , 3) chronic @entity8 , 4) non-inflammatory diseases of the heart, @entity370 and @entity3673 , 5) @entity5 , 6) healthy @entity1 with @entity1906 contact, 7) inactive @entity1906 , 8) culture-positive @entity358 , 9) culture-negative @entity1906 , and 10) potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. The specificity of the test (100% negative cases in Group 6, composed of healthy @entity1 ) is estimated at about 90%, in accordance with determinations made in other laboratories. In non-tuberculous @entity1 , the specificity varied according to the analysed groups. Group 1 was largely unspecific for IgM (76% positives) but the specificity was acceptable for IgG (6.2% positives ) and IgA (7.4% positives). Group 2 was similar to Group 1. Group 3 was associated with positive IgA titers. Group 4 was only exceptiony seropositive and Group 5 was positive mainly for IgA (11. 4%) associated with lower respiratory tract ailments. This unspecific seropositivity was attributed to inapparent infections by PPM whose colonisation was favored by the particular disease of the @entity1 . The sensitivity of serological measurements applied to the diagnosis of @entity1906 @entity1 and PPM @entity1 was similar, regardless if the disease was pulmonary or non-pulmonary, regardless if cultures were positive or not and, in our hands, was low (positivity for IgA about 30 %, for IgM about 10% and for IgG about 30%). This poor sensitivity observed with @entity1 presenting for treatment is attributed to an immune @entity308 occuring mainly in elderly @entity1 . The remarkable sensitivity of the serological instrument applied to culture-negative pulmonary and non-pulmonary @entity1906 cases as well as PPM cases makes the test a good adjuvant in cases of suspicion of @entity1906 . The assessment of the serological status of @entity1 under chemotherapy is worth the analysis, a high IgG level being associated with immunocompetence while the absence of IgG antibodies and/or the presence of IgA antibodies denotes an immunologically misdirected response potentially opening the way to @entity281 .

title: Serological IgG, IgM and IgA diagnosis and prognosis of XXXX in routine practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory diseases of kidneys, liver and pancreas']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TB and extra-pulmonary TB', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['mycobacterial diseases']


abstract: Cytologic features of 2 cases of small-cell @entity2622 in the body fluid are described. Case 1 was a 34-yr-old @entity1 with a @entity5 . @entity1143 developed 6 mo after initial diagnosis. Case 2 was a 38-yr-old @entity1 with a stage IB @entity5 . Ascites was detected 11 mo after hysterectomy. Histologically, both cervical @entity5 were indistinguishable from @entity4153 of oat-cell type in the lungs or other sites. Cytologically, the @entity5 cells in the pleural effusion of case 1 had characteristic features of @entity4153 , including nuclear molding. However, almost all @entity5 cells in the ascites of case 2 showed a single-cell pattern mimicking @entity706 . Mitotic figures and karyorrhetic bodies were occasionally seen. Nuclear molding was rarely identified. @entity4153 should be included in the differential diagnosis of malignant effusions containing @entity706 -like cells.

title: Cytology of small-cell XXXX in serous effusion: a report on two cases.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma', 'Small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIA cervical tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the results of a technique for repair of @entity9933 by use of a free tracheal autograft. METHODS: Between January 1996 and July 1997, six @entity1 with @entity9933 resulting from complete tracheal rings underwent repair with a free tracheal autograft. Mean age at the time of repair was 4.9 months; mean weight was 5.4 kg. The approach was through a median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass for respiratory support. The @entity825 was incised anteriorly through the area of @entity850 , the midportion of the stenotic @entity825 was excised, and an end-to-end @entity254 was carried out posteriorly. The excised tracheal segment (1.3 to 2.2 cm long) was used as a free autograft to patch the lower @entity825 anteriorly. In four @entity1 the autograft was augmented in the upper @entity825 with pericardium; in two @entity1 with a shorter length of @entity850 , the autograft completed the repair. @entity358 sling repair (4), ligation and division of patent ductus arteriosus (3), cricoid split (2), @entity1757 repair (1), and complete @entity473 (1) were performed at the time of tracheal repair. RESULTS: The @entity1 were extubated and discharged at a mean of 13 and 23 days postoperatively, respectively. One @entity1 had recurrent @entity6184 related to the pericardial patch and required a tracheal stent and tracheostomy 4 months postoperatively. Our mean follow-up is 11 months. Bronchoscopic findings currently show widely patent tracheal lumina in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The technique of free tracheal autograft with and without pericardial augmentation was successful in opening the airway of six @entity1 with @entity9933 and is currently our procedure of choice for @entity1 with this diagnosis.

title: Repair of XXXX with a free tracheal autograft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal repair']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Simultaneous pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity9933 :: (MESH:C536975,Disease) :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']


abstract: Turnover of @entity1063 (NA), @entity935 (DA), @entity750 ( @entity750 ), and their metabolites has been measured after a 15-day @entity270 -deficient diet in adult @entity35 prefrontal cortex. Turnover rates of @entity4925 , @entity4926 , and @entity5581 have been assayed from the disappearance rates after blocking by pargyline inhibition of @entity1154 oxidase. NA, DA, and @entity750 turnover rates have been measured as accumulation rates of NA, DA, and @entity750 after pargyline inhibition of @entity1154 oxidase. No change was found in the turnover rate of NA between control and experimental animals. In contrast, turnover rates of DA and @entity4926 significantly increased in the animals fed on a low- @entity270 diet. However, the most striking results were found on the serotoninergic system. Levels of @entity750 and its main metabolite, @entity5581 , and their respective turnover rates were lower in the @entity270 -deficient diet. These results could indicate that @entity270 is necessary for the normal functioning of the serotoninergic neurons in the @entity35 prefrontal cortex. The involvement of @entity270 in preventing the formation of free radicals is well known. Therefore, this lack of protective effect after a 15-day @entity270 -deficient diet could be responsible for the @entity528 to the serotoninergic system. The opposing results found in DA (increase) and @entity750 (decrease) turnover could provide further evidence for an inhibitory control of the serotoninergic ascending pathways to the dopaminergic system in the prefrontal cortex.

title: Changes in the turnover of @entity1154 in prefrontal cortex of XXXX fed on @entity270 -deficient diet.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5581 :: ('MESH:D006897', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sexual function of @entity1 suffering from @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) and/or @entity322 ( @entity322 ) is adversely affected. However, our current understanding of the exact relationship between female @entity250 and @entity3577 and/or @entity322 is incomplete. A qualitative study can improve our understanding by describing what @entity1 themselves perceive as the real problem. AIM: To gain a more in-depth understanding of the impact of @entity3577 and/or @entity322 on the different categories of female @entity250 by way of a qualitative study. METHODS: Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted in 37 @entity1 scheduled for pelvic floor surgery, and one was excluded from analysis due to incomplete recordings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The impact of @entity3577 and/or @entity322 on female sexual function. RESULTS: Only 17% of @entity1 were completely positive about their sex life. Both @entity3577 and @entity322 had a negative effect on body image. @entity1 with @entity3577 had a negative image of their vagina, which caused them to be insecure about their partner's sexual experience, while @entity1 with @entity322 were embarrassed about their @entity322 and pad use, and feared smelling of urine. Worries about the presence of @entity3577 during sexual activity, discomfort from @entity3577 , and @entity1183 were the most important reasons for decreased desire, arousal, and difficulty reaching an orgasm in @entity1 with @entity3577 . Fear of @entity322 during intercourse affected desire, arousal, and orgasm and could be a cause for @entity546 in @entity1 with @entity322 . Desire was divided into two main elements: "drive" and "motivation." Although "drive," i.e., spontaneous sexual interest, was not commonly affected by @entity3577 and/or @entity322 , a decrease in "motivation" or the willingness to engage in sexual activity was the most common @entity250 mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: Body image plays a key role in the sexual functioning of @entity1 with @entity3577 and/or @entity322 with the biggest impact on @entity1 's "motivation."

title: Pelvic floor dysfunction: XXXX 's sexual concerns unraveled.

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['reduced genital sensations']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological studies have shown that @entity2414 in @entity161 occur primarily during encoding and retrieval stages of information processing. The current study used positron emission tomography to examine the effect of @entity161 on change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during these memory stages. METHOD: CBF was measured in 23 healthy comparison subjects and 23 @entity1 with @entity161 during four conditions: resting baseline, motor baseline, word encoding, and word recognition. The motor baseline was used as a reference that was subtracted from encoding and recognition conditions by using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS: @entity1 ' performance was similar to that of healthy comparison subjects. During word encoding, @entity1 showed reduced activation of left prefrontal and superior temporal regions. Reduced left prefrontal activation in @entity1 was also seen during word recognition, and additional differences were found in the left anterior cingulate, left mesial temporal lobe, and right thalamus. Although @entity1 ' performance was similar to that of healthy comparison subjects, left inferior prefrontal activation was associated with better performance only in the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Left frontotemporal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval, which is associated with better recognition in healthy @entity1 , is disrupted in @entity161 despite relatively intact recognition performance and right prefrontal function. This may reflect impaired strategic use of semantic information to organize encoding and facilitate retrieval.

title: Effect of XXXX on frontotemporal activity during word encoding and recognition: a PET cerebral blood flow study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in verbal episodic memory']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiologic characteristics of burns in the elderly @entity1 to reduce risks. METHODS: Features, including causes, seasonality, co-morbidities and mortality among 280 burned @entity1 over 60 years old, admitted to Burn Unit, Southwest Hospital from 1999 to 2006, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of burns in the elderly has been decreasing gradually from 4.35% in 1999 to 3.81% in 2006. The @entity4808 could happen any time during a year, but most frequently in summer and winter. Seventy percent of the @entity4808 were related to activities of daily life. The co-morbid conditions in the elderly, which comprised 83.9% of the victims, contributed to the burn outcomes. No difference in morbidity was found between rural and urban @entity1 . However, mortality was significantly higher in the rural @entity1 with 30% over TBSA burns. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity4808 has been decreasing associated with social and individual living levels in China. However, the disparity in the mortality rates between rural and urban suggests investment in rural China is needed to reduce health inequalities.

title: Epidemiologic investigation of XXXX in Southwest China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric burns']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['geriatric burns']


abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor protein, IkappaB. The phosphorylation of @entity4284 on Ser(32) and Ser(36) is initiated by an IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex that includes a catalytic heterodimer composed of @entity18159 ( @entity18159 ) and @entity15955 ( @entity15955 ) as well as a regulatory adaptor subunit, NF-kappaB essential modulator. Recently, two related IkappaB kinases, @entity15962 and @entity26647 , have been described. @entity15962 and @entity26647 show sequence and structural homology to @entity18159 and @entity15955 . @entity15962 and @entity26647 phosphorylate Ser(36) of @entity4284 . We describe the kinetic mechanisms in terms of substrate and product inhibition of the recombinant @entity1 (rh) proteins, rhTBK-1, rhIKK-I, and rhIKK-1/rhIKK-2 heterodimers. The results indicate that although each of these enzymes exhibits a random sequential kinetic mechanism, the effect of the binding of one substrate on the affinity of the other substrate is significantly different. @entity855 has no effect on the binding of an @entity4284 peptide for the rhIKK-1/rhIKK-2 heterodimer (alpha = 0.99), whereas the binding of @entity855 decreased the affinity of the @entity4284 peptide for both rhTBK-1 (alpha = 10.16) and rhIKK-i (alpha = 62.28). Furthermore, the dissociation constants of @entity855 for rhTBK-1 and rhIKK-i are between the expected values for kinases, whereas the dissociation constants of the @entity4284 peptide for each IKK isoforms is unique with rhTBK-1 being the highest (K( @entity4284 ) = 69.87 microm), followed by rhIKK-i (K( @entity4284 ) = 5.47 microm) and rhIKK-1/rhIKK-2 heterodimers (K( @entity4284 ) = 0.12 microm). Thus this family of IkappaB kinases has very unique kinetic properties.

title: Kinetic mechanisms of IkappaB-related kinases (IKK) inducible IKK and @entity15962 differ from @entity18159 / XXXX heterodimer.

answer: @entity15955 :: (3551,Gene) :: ['IKK-2']


abstract: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality that correlates with peripheral perfusion impairment as assessed by the ankle-brachial arterial pressure index (ABI). Furthermore, @entity3657 is associated with arterial stiffness and elevated aortic @entity894 ( @entity894 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ABI impairment correlates with @entity894 and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), a measure of cardiac perfusion during diastole. @entity894 and SEVR were assessed by radial applanation tonometry in 65 @entity1 with stable @entity3657 (Rutherford stage I-III) at a tertiary referral center. @entity894 corrected for heart rate and SEVR were tested in a multivariate linear and logistic regression model to determine the association with ABI. Mean ABI was 0.8  0.2, @entity894 31%  7%, and SEVR 141%  26%. Multiple linear regression with @entity894 as a dependent variable revealed that @entity894 was significantly negatively associated with ABI (b=-11.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], -18.6 to -4.5; P=.002). Other variables that were associated with @entity894 were diastolic blood pressure (b=0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4; P<.001), height (b=-46.2; 95% CI, -62.9 to -29.4; P<.001), body mass index (b=-0.4; 95% CI, -0.8 to -0.1; P=.023), and smoking (b=3.6; 95% CI, 0.6-6.6; P=.019). Multiple regression with SEVR as a dependent variable showed a significant correlation with ABI (b=33.2; 95% CI, 2.3-64.1; P=.036). Severity of lower limb perfusion impairment is related to central aortic pressure augmentation and to subendocardial viability ratio. This may be a potential pathophysiologic link that impacts cardiac prognosis in @entity1 with @entity3657 .

title: Severity of XXXX is associated with aortic pressure augmentation and subendocardial viability ratio.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['augmentation index', 'AIx']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: To compare the hemodynamic effect of vasodilator therapy on different regurgitant lesions, we infused @entity1854 intraooperatively in 12 @entity1 with @entity339 and 15 with @entity337 . During the critical period preceding establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass, both groups had developed intense vasoconstriction and @entity299 . All demonstrated improved cardiac function with vasodilator therapy; however, the degree of improvement with @entity1854 differed in the two groups. @entity64 volume increased 10 ml. per beat per meter squared in those @entity1 with @entity337 and only 6 ml. per beat per meter squared in those with @entity339 (p less than 0.05). The percent increase in stoke volume induced by @entity1854 was inversely correlated to the preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.44, p less than 0.02). @entity1 with @entity337 had lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fractions than those with @entity339 (0.53 versus 0.63, p less than 0.02). Therefore, we conclude that @entity1 with @entity337 derived greater intraoperative hemodynamic benefit from unloading with @entity1854 , because they came to surgery with greater impairment of left ventricular contractility. Although @entity1854 improved cardiac function in both groups, only the @entity1 with @entity337 achieved normal pulmonary artery pressure (17 torr) and pulmonary vascular resistance (2.1 units) as a result of unloading. Those with @entity339 continued to have @entity120 (28 torr) and increased pulmonary vascular resistance (3.9 units) despite vasodilator therapy. Thus the data suggest that @entity1 with @entity339 derived less hemodynamic benefit from intraoperative @entity1854 therapy because they were also limited by right @entity67 and a less responsive pulmonary vasculature.

title: Comparison of intraoperative @entity1854 unloading in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral and aortic regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparison of the outcomes of care provided by hospitals is a growing trend. Outcomes need to be distinguished into those attributable to the practice of hospitals and those that arise from differences in the characteristics of @entity1 and the underlying morbidity of the populations for whom hospitals provide care. We explored these issues for @entity204 in hospital or within 30 days of discharge after @entity583 in Scotland, UK. METHODS: We used records from December, 1992, to November, 1993, for 14,359 episodes of @entity583 , the @entity204 records of those who died, and 9391 @entity204 records for individuals who died after @entity583 but who had not been in hospital in the 30 days before @entity204 . Hospital discharge records were taken from the Scottish Morbidity Records. The outcomes we investigated were all-cause mortality within 30 days of discharge from hospital, and @entity204 from @entity583 at any time during the study period. We estimated separately effects attributable to @entity1 ' characteristics, hospitals, and areas of residence with multilevel modelling. FINDINGS: We found significant differences between hospitals by age, sex, and medical history. The odds ratios for @entity204 ranged from 0.62 (95% CI 0.50-0.80) to 1.28 (1.07-1.59), relative to the average performance for Scotland as a whole. Analysis including area of residence, @entity204 occurring out of hospital, and more detailed information about @entity1 showed no significant differences between hospitals for @entity1 aged 70 years. By postcode area, there was a strong association between out-of-hospital @entity204 and @entity204 in hospital or shortly after discharge. INTERPRETATION: Hospital outcomes may vary from one subgroup of @entity1 to another and should be assessed independently of @entity1 ' areas of residence. Measures of performance that do not provide valid comparisons could diminish public confidence in hospital services.

title: League tables and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: A few years ago it was demonstrated that @entity842 (NO) and @entity6708 are involved in the auxin response during @entity614 ( @entity614 ) formation in @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ). More recently, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade was shown to be induced by @entity6207 in a NO-dependent, but @entity6708 -independent, pathway. In the present study, the involvement of @entity141 and the regulation of @entity141 -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) activity during @entity6207 - and NO-induced @entity614 formation was evaluated in @entity9688 explants. The effectiveness of several broad-spectrum @entity141 channel inhibitors and @entity141 chelators in affecting @entity614 formation induced by @entity6207 or NO was also examined. Results indicate that the explants response to @entity6207 and NO depends on the availability of both intracellular and extracellular @entity141 pools. Protein extracts from @entity9688 hypocotyls were assayed for CDPK activity by using histone IIIS or syntide 2 as substrates for in-gel or in vitro assays, respectively. The activity of a 50 kDa CDPK was detected after 1 d of either NO or @entity6207 treatments and it extended up to the third day of treatment. This CDPK activity was affected in both extracts from NO- and @entity6207 -treated explants in the presence of the specific NO-scavenger cPTIO, suggesting that NO is required for its maximal and sustained activity. The in-gel and the in vitro CDPK activity, as well as the NO- or @entity6207 -induced @entity614 formation, were inhibited by calmodulin antagonists. Furthermore, the induction of CDPK activity by NO and @entity6207 was shown to be reliant on the activity of the enzyme guanylate cyclase.

title: Calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in @entity842 - and auxin-induced XXXX formation in @entity9688 .

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber', 'Cucumis sativus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'adventitious root']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['adventitious root']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of surgery in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC)/right atrium (RA) is currently unclear. We sought to clarify whether surgical treatment can improve survival in such @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of @entity1 with @entity96 @entity715 who were potential candidates for surgery but who were finally treated surgically and nonsurgically between September 2000 and October 2010. The @entity1 were subdivided according to therapeutic modalities, and the results for each group were compared. RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity1 were included in this study. They were divided into three groups. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent hepatectomy plus thrombectomy (surgical group), with minor morbidity and no mortality; the @entity1 in this group had 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 68.0, 22.5, and 13.5%, respectively, with a median survival of 19 months. Twenty @entity1 were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 15.0 and 5.0%, respectively (median survival 4.5 months). Eleven @entity1 received symptomatic treatment only, and no one in this group survived longer than 1 year (median survival 5 months). The @entity1 in surgical group survived significantly longer than the @entity1 in the other two groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although technically challenging, surgery for @entity157 with IVC/RA @entity5 @entity715 can be safely performed and should be considered in @entity1 with resectable @entity5 and sufficient hepatic reservoir because compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or symptomatic treatment, it significantly improved @entity1 survival.

title: Survival benefit of surgical treatment for @entity157 with inferior vena cava/right atrium XXXX @entity715 : results of a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC and IVC/RA tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2759 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after @entity2334 . The incidence of @entity451 is high even in experienced institutions. METHODS: We investigated whether neurotransmitter excitotoxicity is associated with @entity51 after @entity2334 . We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity1566 would manifest elevated levels of excitatory @entity1522 in their cerebrospinal fluid. Sixteen @entity1 undergoing @entity2334 had cerebrospinal fluid drawn through lumbar spinal drains preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Excitatory @entity535 levels ( @entity2227 , @entity492 , @entity2228 ) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Excitatory @entity535 levels were compared in @entity1 who exhibited no @entity51 postoperatively (group I; n = 12) with @entity1 who had clinically evident lower extremity and @entity51 (group II; n = 4). RESULTS: Significant elevations in @entity2227 and @entity492 levels from baseline (p < 0.05) were limited to group II. Excitatory @entity535 levels in group II were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) compared with those observed in group I. @entity2227 levels were especially increased during aortic cross-clamping and late reperfusion, whereas @entity492 levels were increased only during late reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that neurotransmitter excitotoxicity plays a significant @entity149 .

title: Clinical markers in CSF for determining @entity51 after XXXX repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['role in central nervous system injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral neurologic deficits', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm operations']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness and safety of @entity1340 plus @entity10964 combined or not with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for treating moderate to severe chronic @entity158 in @entity235 , and its impact on quality of life (QL). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, uncontrolled, open-label, clinical study. ANIMALS: Sixty nine client-owned @entity235 with multiple forms of @entity5 and visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score >=  40 after receiving NSAIDs for at least 7 days. METHODS: The MN group received @entity10964 + NSAID, MNT group received @entity10964 + @entity17175 + @entity1340 and MT group received @entity10964 + @entity1340 . @entity158 was scored by the 0 to 100 mm VAS (0 = no @entity158 , 100 = worst @entity158 ) and analgesic therapy was considered effective if 25 mm differences in VAS scores were observed between day 0 and the follow ups. The QL was evaluated according to a 0 to 36 scoring method for @entity235 (0 = worst, 36 = best) and side effects were recorded. Data were registered at day 0 (baseline) and at the first and second follow ups (7 and 14 days after day 0, respectively). RESULTS: The MN group had less analgesia at day 7 (25%) and day 14 (42%) than MNT (59%, p = 0.0274; 76%, p = 0.0251, respectively) and MT groups (69%, p = 0.0151; 81%, p = 0.0341, respectively). The QL scores were lower in the MN group at the first (score 23) and second follow up (score 26) than in MNT (27, p = 0.0847; 30, p = 0.0002) and MT (28, p = 0.0384; 31, p = 0.0001) groups. Side effects were more commonly observed in the MN group (87%) than in MNT (24%, p < 0.0001) and MT groups (25%, p = 0.0003) at the first follow up. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity1340 plus @entity10964 combined or not with NSAID were well tolerated and clinically effective to treat moderate to severe @entity158 in @entity235 with @entity5 and improved QL.

title: XXXX plus @entity10964 combined or not with anti-inflammatory drugs is clinically effective for moderate to severe chronic pain treatment in @entity5 patients.

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizole']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'neoplastic pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['Tramadol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No studies have been published to date comparing SCORE, REGICOR and Framingham models. This study is aimed at analyzing how the REGICOR and SCORE functions classify cardiovascular risk, their correlation and concordance with Framingham (1998) and whether any differences exist among them with regard to the cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk groups. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in primary care. A total of 851 individuals within the 35-74 age range, free of @entity65 and selected by simple random sampling were included. A study was made of the percentage of high-risk @entity1 with Framingham (> or = 20% ten-year risk), SCORE (> or = 5% ten-year risk) and REGICOR with cutoff points > or = 20%, > or = 15%, > or = 10% and > or = 5% at 10 years, given that with REGICOR > or = 20% there are hardly any high-risk cases. A comparison was drawn between the correlation (Pearson's r) and concordance (Kappa index) of the REGICOR and SCORE high-risk individuals as compared to Framingham. RESULTS: The high-risk percentages respectively found were: 23.3% with Framingham; 15.2%; with SCORE; and 1.4%, 5.8%, 17.6% and 57.0% with REGICOR with the cutoff points described. REGICOR has a 0.99 correlation, SCORE a 0.78 correlation. REGICOR > or = 10% showed a better concordance (Kappa 0.83) than SCORE (Kappa 0.61). On comparing the cardiovascular risk factors of the high-risk cases (> or = 20% Framingham, > or = 5% SCORE and > or = 10% REGICOR), SCORE showed higher prevalence of @entity6 and a lower prevalence of @entity1007 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: REGICOR showed a good correlation with Framingham. With the > or = 10% cutoff point, it classifies a number of individuals as high-risk similar to SCORE and fewer than Framingham. The SCORE model would treat a number of @entity1 similar to the REGICOR > or =10% model with hypolipemiant drugs, however showing lesser evidence of effectiveness of the treatment.

title: [Comparison of the SCORE and REGICOR models for calculating cardiovascular risk in XXXX -free individuals at a healthcare center in Barcelona, Spain].

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity375 invertase, when injected into @entity35 , is endocytosed by the liver, mainly by sinusoidal cells. The work reported here aims at investigating the organelles involved in the intracellular journey of this protein. Experiments were performed on @entity35 injected with 125I-invertase (25 micrograms/100 g body wt) and killed at various times after injection. Homogenates were fractioned by differential centrifugation, according to de Duve, Pressman, Gianetto, Wattiaux and Appelmans [(1955) Biochem. J. 63, 604-617]. Early after injection the radioactivity was recovered mainly in the microsomal fraction P; later it was found in the mitochondrial fractions (ML). At all times a peak of relative specific activity was observed in the light mitochondrial fraction L. After isopycnic centrifugation in a @entity969 gradient, structures bearing 125I-invertase, present in P, exhibited a relatively flattened distribution with a density of around 1.17 g/ml, relatively similar to that of alkaline phosphodiesterase a plasma membrane marker. The organelles located in ML were endowed with a more homogeneous distribution, their median equilibrium density increasing up to 30 min after injection (1.20 g/ml----1.23 g/ml); with time the radioactivity distribution became more closely related to the distribution of arylsulfatase, a lysosomal enzyme. ML fractions, isolated 10 min and 180 min after 125I-invertase injection, were subjected to isopycnic centrifugation in Percoll gradient with, as solvent, 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 0.75 M @entity969 . The change of density of the particles bearing 125I-invertase, as a function of the @entity969 concentration, paralleled the change of density of the lysosomes as ascertained by the behaviour of arylsulfatase. The distribution of radioactivity and arylsulfatase in a @entity969 gradient was established after isopycnic centrifugation of the ML fraction of @entity35 injected with 125I-invertase, the animals having received or not an injection of 900 micrograms/100 g body weight of unlabelled invertase 15 h before killing. In agreement with our previous results, a shift towards higher densities of about 25% or arylsulfatase takes place in @entity35 pretreated with unlabelled invertase. At 10 min, invertase preinjection did not change the radioactivity distribution curve. Later, it caused a progressive shift of the distribution towards higher-density regions of the gradient where the arylsulfatase, which had been shifted, was located.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Intracellular pathway followed by invertase endocytosed by XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']