abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 and related complications reported after the use of perforating fixation devices in @entity547 surgery have led to the use of tissue sealants. Fibrin sealant is a feasible option for mesh fixation; however data on @entity3080 glues are limited. METHODS: 32 @entity35 were divided into two groups and a 1.5 cm abdominal wall defect was created on each animal. The lesions were then repaired with 2   2 cm @entity7502 meshes, fixed with @entity7548 in the first group and with @entity7502 sutures in the second group. The @entity35 were sacrificed on the 21st and 42nd days. The presence of @entity281 , recurrence, and @entity1661 were evaluated, followed by biomechanical testing and histological examination. RESULTS: No @entity281 or @entity547 recurrences were recorded. There was no statistically significant difference between neither the adhesion scores nor the mean broken pressure of the two groups. @entity3080 sealing was found equivalent to suturing in terms of tissue ingrowth, @entity82 , inflammatory infiltration, abscess formation, and @entity39 . Furthermore, @entity3080 resulted in less foreign body reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Mesh fixation by @entity3080 may be considered as an alternative to suture fixation.

title: @entity7548 versus conventional suturing for fixation of meshes in an incisional XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate', 'Cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['n-butyl-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a disorder that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although continuous positive airway pressure effectively treats @entity27 , compliance is variable because of the encumbrance of wearing a sealed nasal mask throughout sleep. In a small group of @entity1 , it was recently shown that an open nasal cannula (transnasal insufflation [TNI]) can treat @entity27 . The aim of this larger study was to find predictors for treatment responses with TNI. METHODS: Standard sleep studies with and without TNI were performed in 56 @entity1 with a wide spectrum of disease severity. A therapeutic response was defined as a reduction of the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) below 10 events/h associated with a 50% reduction of the event rate from baseline and was used to identify subgroups of @entity1 particularly responsive or resistant to TNI treatment. RESULTS: For the entire group (N = 56), TNI decreased the RDI from 22.6 +/- 15.6 to 17.2 +/- 13.2 events/h (P < .01). A therapeutic reduction in the RDI was observed in 27% of @entity1 . Treatment responses were similar in @entity1 with a low and a high RDI, but were greater in @entity1 who predominantly had obstructive @entity387 or respiratory effort-related arousals and in @entity1 who predominantly had rapid eye movement (REM) events. The presence of a high percentage of obstructive and central apneas appears to preclude efficacious treatment responses. CONCLUSION: TNI can be used to treat a subgroup of @entity1 across a spectrum from mild-to-severe @entity387 , particularly if their @entity25 @entity1353 events predominantly consist of obstructive @entity387 or REM-related events but not obstructive and central apneas.

title: Predictors for XXXX with an open nasal cannula system (transnasal insufflation).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['treating obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity27808 is a @entity395 , and primary repair in the neonatal period is its best management. In 1998 we presented three surgical techniques for @entity27808 correction, but since 1999 we have elected one of them as our procedure of choice. Our latest results are now presented. It is a review of 15 @entity1 operated from October 1979 to December 2007. Surgical repair consisted of 3 sliding chondrotomies, 10 reconstructions based on a 'posterior sternal wall', 1 reconstruction combined to Ravitch operation for pectus excavatum and 1 associated with total repair of Cantrell's pentalogy. Data concerning epidemiological features, surgical reconstruction, aesthetic results, postoperative major complications, mortality and hospital stay, were collected from hospital charts. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 27 years. All @entity1 submitted to surgical correction had a good aesthetic and functional result. Neither postoperative mortality nor major complication was observed. Two @entity1 had subcutaneous fluid collection that prolonged the drainage duration. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. In conclusion, reconstructing @entity27808 with a 'posterior periosteal flap from sternal bars and chondral graft' is an effective option with good aesthetic and long-term functional results.

title: Twenty seven-year experience with XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity27808 :: ('MESH:C537489', 'Disease') :: ['sternal cleft', 'Congenital sternal cleft']

answer: @entity27808 :: (MESH:C537489,Disease) :: ['sternal cleft']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Toxic @entity62 may present acutely or subacutely with symmetrically reduced diffusion in the periventricular and supraventricular white matter, hereafter referred to as periventricular white matter. This entity may reverse both on imaging and clinically. However, a gathering together of the heterogeneous causes of this disorder as seen on MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and an analysis of their likelihood to reverse has not yet been performed. Our goals were to gather causes of @entity137 that can present with reduced diffusion of periventricular white matter in order to promote recognition of this entity, to evaluate whether DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values can predict the extent of chronic FLAIR abnormality (imaging reversibility), and to evaluate whether DWI can predict the clinical outcome (clinical reversibility). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two neuroradiologists retrospectively reviewed the MRI examinations of 39 @entity1 with acute symptoms and reduced diffusion of periventricular white matter. The reviewers then scored the extent of abnormality on DWI and FLAIR. ADC ratios of affected white matter versus the unaffected periventricular white matter were obtained. Each @entity1 's clinical records were reviewed to determine the cause and clinical outcome. Histology findings were available in three @entity1 . Correlations were calculated between the initial MRI markers and both the clinical course and the follow-up extent on FLAIR using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Of the initial 39 @entity1 , seven were excluded because of a nontoxic cause ( @entity2806 [ @entity2806 ] or @entity74 ) or because of technical errors. In the remaining 32 @entity1 , no correlation was noted between any of the initial MRI markers (percentage of ADC reduction, DWI extent, or FLAIR extent) with the clinical outcome. Three @entity1 had histologic correlation. However, moderate correlation was seen between the extent of abnormality on initial FLAIR and the extent on follow-up FLAIR (r = 0.441, p = 0.047). Of the 13 @entity1 who underwent repeat MRI at 21 days or longer, the reduced diffusion resolved in all but one. Significant differences were noted between ADC values in affected white matter versus unaffected periventricular white matter on initial (p < 0.0001) but not on follow-up MRI (p = 0.13), and in affected white matter on initial versus follow-up (p = 0.0014) in those individuals who underwent repeat imaging on the same magnet (n = 9), confirming resolution of the @entity66 . CONCLUSION: Acute @entity137 with reduced diffusion may be clinically reversible and radiologically reversible on DWI, and may also be reversible, but to a lesser degree, on FLAIR MRI. None of the imaging markers measured in this study appears to correlate with clinical outcome, which underscores the necessity for prompt recognition of this entity. Alerting the clinician to this potentially reversible syndrome can facilitate treatment and removal of the offending agent in the early stages.

title: Acute XXXX : potential for reversibility clinically and on MRI with diffusion-weighted and FLAIR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['acute or subacute toxic leukoencephalopathy', 'toxic leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DWI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['congenital genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: The study was designed as one of a series to find novel anticancer compounds from Chinese herbs. For this purpose, we screened an @entity1068 extract of 300 herbs against SGC-7901 cells. Sophora flavescen was included in those showing potential cytotoxic activity. Target compounds were therefore isolated and analyzed on analytical HPLC. Chromatography showed only one peak with a purity of 97%. The ESI-MS spectrum showed two molecular ions: m/z 424(M+) and 438(M+). Furthermore, combining the data of 1HNMR and 13CNMR, it was deduced that this product was a mixture of two compounds; @entity28932 (1) and @entity28933 (2). The concentration was [1]:[2]=9:10, the chemical structural formulae are @entity28934 and @entity28935 . In this study, mechanisms involved by the mixture of compounds 1 and 2-induced growth inhibition including apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in @entity1 @entity356 SGC-7901 cells were examined for the first time. Triggering of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was demonstrated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduction in the @entity588 / @entity589 ratio, and significant activation and cleavage of @entity522 . Additionally, the production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was also increased. Taken together, our results indicated that the cytotoxic efficacy of the mixture of compounds 1 and 2 is mainly due to induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

title: Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in @entity1 @entity356 SGC-7901 cells by XXXX and @entity28933 isolated from Sophora flavescens.

entities_list: @entity28933 :: ('MESH:C411319', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-kurarinone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity28932 :: ('MESH:C554822', 'Chemical') :: ['kuraridin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity28932 :: (MESH:C554822,Chemical) :: ['kuraridin']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that kennelled @entity235 are more likely to test positive for CECoV than household pets. Here we describe both cross sectional and longitudinal studies in two rescue kennels and two boarding kennels, together with molecular diagnostics, to provide a new insight into the epidemiology of CECoV. Prevalence of CECoV in the cross sectional studies tended to be higher in the rescue kennels (13.8% and 33.3%) than the boarding kennels (5.3% and 13.5%). In each kennel, type I CECoV was more prevalent than type 2 CECoV. The mean quantity of type I detected was equivalent to 6.3 * 10(8)gc/gm (range=5 * 10(6), 8.5 * 10(11)), compared to 1.3 * 10(8)gc/gm (range = 3 * 10(6), 2.4 * 10(10)) for type II. In one rescue shelter where @entity235 were followed longitudinally, @entity281 was significantly associated with accommodation block as well as the length of stay (increased risk of CECoV per week in residence of * 1.9). Of those animals sampled on two or more occasions, none tested positive on arrival, and 54.5% later shed CECoV, suggesting that @entity281 may have been acquired within the kennel. Shedding patterns and sequence analysis suggested both types I and II CECoV were maintained in this population by a combination of introductions into the shelter and within-shelter transmission. The findings suggest that some kennel environments may be important in maintaining @entity281 in the population. We also propose that the diversity of viruses like CECoV in these populations may provide a novel surrogate marker for the success of biosecurity.

title: Cross sectional and longitudinal surveys of XXXX enteric coronavirus infection in kennelled @entity235 : a molecular marker for biosecurity.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'CECoV infection']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: During the period 1971-1976, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed on 34 @entity1 with @entity177 , representing 8% of all uraemic @entity1 treated on the Renal Ward. Preoperative treatment of @entity177 was conservative therapy in 6, haemodialysis in 20 and renal transplantation in 8 @entity1 . The operation was indicated by grave clinical symptoms ( @entity111 , @entity158 and @entity146 ), @entity2275 and @entity854 ( @entity170 , @entity174 , subperiosteal resorption and metastatic calcifications). The serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was determined in 13 cases, and the value was elevated in all. The serum @entity460 level was elevated in 8 out of 34 cases. Less than 500 mg of parathyroid tissue was removed in 12 cases, between 500 and 6000 mg in 19 and over 6000 mg in 3. @entity4383 was present in 11 @entity1 , @entity1373 in 23. Postoperatively marked falls in serum parathyroid hormone and serum @entity460 values were observed. The @entity158 , @entity111 and @entity146 were alleviated, and the general condition was favourably influenced. The operation had a lesser and more retarded effect on the radiological changes. Complete recovery was only achieved with successful renal transplant. Parathyroidectomy often had a favourable effect on the grave symptoms and may, therefore, be considered in some cases of severe @entity2742 secondary to @entity177 .

title: Parathyroidectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pains']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool is one of the most commonly used tools for assessing the risk of work-related stress. Few studies, however, have investigated whether and how its scales are related to @entity458 or other work-related health outcomes. AIMS: To investigate the relationship between the HSE indicator tool, @entity458 , as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12, and work ability, assessed by the @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ). METHODS: All the employees of a mid-sized bank in Italy were asked to fill in an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in four sections: the first one comprised socio-demographic questions and the other three corresponded, respectively, to the Italian translations of the GHQ-12, the HSE and the @entity1442 questionnaires. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirteen employees completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 99%. Controlling for age and gender, the indicator subscales were negatively associated with the adopted measures of @entity458 and work ability. The GHQ score was also highly correlated with the @entity1442 score and able to explain     47% of its variance. The only subscale that was still significantly associated with the @entity1442 after removing the effect of @entity458 was 'control'. CONCLUSIONS: The study presents new evidence for the validity of the HSE indicator tool to estimate the risk of work-related stress and suggests that most but not all the effects of psychosocial conditions on work ability might be mediated by the level of @entity458 induced by these conditions.

title: The HSE indicator tool, XXXX and work ability.

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Work Ability Index', 'WAI']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of @entity2277 ( @entity2879 / @entity1260 / @entity1499 ) combination therapy in 24 @entity1 who were failing the treatment protocol of the Lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens ( @entity35350 ) 84 study. Eight @entity1 were refractory to the @entity35350 84 induction cycles, but ten achieved a partial response (PR). The six remaining @entity1 attained complete response (CR) after @entity35350 84 induction, but relapsed either during consolidation therapy or after completing the whole program. Twenty-three @entity1 are evaluable for response. The @entity2277 regimen provided a CR rate of 43% and a PR rate of 17%. Treatment failed in nine cases (39%). The CR rate was particularly high (67%) in the group of @entity1 who had PR with @entity35350 84 induction treatment. Of the ten who had attained CR, five relapsed after 4 to 42 months and five are still alive with no evidence of disease after 29 to 62 months. @entity2277 therapy was well tolerated. A total of 101 @entity2277 courses were given. Myelotoxicity was the most common side effect. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1503 was recorded after 11% of the cycles. Among eight infectious episodes recorded, one was fatal. This study demonstrates that CR and long disease-free survival are obtainable with the @entity2277 regimen in a small number of @entity1 failing a high-dose @entity632 -containing first-line treatment.

title: @entity2879 , XXXX , and @entity1499 combination chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after failure of the @entity35350 84 regimen.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity5 ( @entity5 ), there is continuing controversy over the relative merits of dose dense therapy (increased frequency over a given time) versus vertical intensification (increased dose per fraction). The value of using a @entity900 -based dose dense approach in the salvage setting has not been documented and in addition the role of @entity1499 remains uncertain. This paper reviews results from our investigations of these issues. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1987 and 1996, 65 @entity1 with relapsing or refractory germ-cell @entity5 received weekly m-BOP ( @entity1499 , @entity1732 , @entity1891 and @entity900 ) as salvage therapy. Residual masses were excised if possible and @entity1 progressing after this received @entity900 and @entity1260 based chemotheraphy with or without high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) consolidation. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 33 months, 34% are progression free following m-BOP, 11% who had surgery for residual masses which showed viable @entity5 are progression free. A further 15% who progressed following m-BOP with or without surgery were rendered progression free by third-line therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of m-BOP as second line therapy with deferment of @entity900 and @entity1260 based treatment to third line therapy with consolidation of third line responses with HDCT, leads to an overall progression-free survival of 60%. It does not appear that M-BOP prejudiced the response to third line therapy suggesting a lack of cross resistance. The potentially lower risk of @entity1778 and @entity249 from m-BOP requires further evaluation.

title: Sixty percent salvage rate for XXXX using sequential m-BOP, surgery and @entity1260 -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ-cell tumours', 'cancers', 'GCT', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germ-cell tumours']


abstract: The exogenous administration of selected @entity230 to male @entity31970 Lesson was used to investigate the hypophyseal-testicular axis and to determine their influence on the activity of the hypophyseal cell types and the impact of this activity on spermatogenic activity. The frogs were treated as follows: 1) @entity4742 (S), 1.25 in 1 ml Ringer as a single dose or in 1.25 ml Ringer in .25 ml doses every 48 hours for 15 days 2) @entity251 (T), 1 mg/ml every day for 15 days; 3) estradiol (E), 5 mg in 15 ml Ringer administered in 1 ml amounts for 15 days; 4) deoxycorticosterone ( @entity8147 ), 7.5 mg in 15 ml Ringers in 1 ml amounts for the test period; and 5) @entity701 (F) .5 mg in 1 ml Ringer given as a single dose for 15 days. Single dose administration of S resulted in distortion of the histoarchitecture of the par distalis. The split dose of S was ineffective in the par distalis. T reduced the size of B2 cells. In E-treated animals regression of all cell types of the par distalis was observed and increased production of secretory material was indicated. @entity8147 -treated frogs displayed atypical cellular morphology and cytoplasmic granulations with extensive @entity82 in the par distalis. A regression of all types of adenohypophyseal cells and cytoplasmic degranulations were observed in F-treated frogs. While all @entity230 cause some changes in cytomorphological features, tinctorial affinities, and secretory activity, the magnitude of change is dependent on the @entity134 administered. Spermatogenesis was inactivated throughout.

title: Effect of XXXX on the adenohypophyseal gonadotrophes _ its relation to spermatogenesis in @entity31970 lesson.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31970 :: ('143416', 'Species') :: ['Rana hexadactyla']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['stilbestrol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: American @entity1514 Society (ATS) guidelines for @entity2710 challenge testing (MCT) discuss specific airways conductance (sG(aw)) as a surrogate marker for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) to diagnose @entity1224 . The guidelines suggest a cutoff value of 45% drop in sG(aw) to diagnose a positive MCT. However, there is no available evidence that supports this cutoff value of 45%. We conducted this study to examine the relationship between FEV(1) and sG(aw) during MCT. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-eight @entity1 who had both sG(aw) and FEV(1) measured during MCT between April 2003 and March 2004 were retrospectively evaluated. The tests were done according to the ATS guidelines. Data were first analyzed using linear regression modeling, comparing the change in FEV(1) to changes in sG(aw). Then the sensitivity and specificity were generated for different cut points, using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 had a positive MCT based on ATS FEV(1) criteria. A decrease of 20% in FEV(1) correlated with a drop of 56% in sG(aw) (95% confidence interval 52% to 60%, r(2) 0.35, P < .001). Using 20% decline from baseline in FEV(1) at different PC(20) (provocational concentration that produced a > or = 20% FEV(1) decrease) values (4 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL, and 16 mg/mL), we then analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 45% decline in sG(aw) and compared it with a 56% decline in sG(aw). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, we were able to find that a cutoff of 51-52% performed better than either of the 2 values. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the ATS suggested cutoff value of 45% decline in sG(aw) to diagnose a positive MCT may be rather generous, and a decline of 51% from baseline may provide a more accurate measure of airway hyper-responsiveness. Further studies using well defined subjects with and without @entity565 should be done to better assess the test characteristics of sG(aw).

title: Specific conductance criteria for a positive @entity2710 challenge test: are the American XXXX Society guidelines rather generous?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electroretinogram (ERG) anomalies occur in @entity1 with @entity146 and represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis. For instance, decreased rod ERG (b-wave amplitude at Vmax) is a biological endophenotype in young offspring at high genetic risk (HR) for @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Also, a decrease in cone a-wave and rod a- and b- wave was observed in @entity161 @entity1 . However, the biological underpinning of these anomalies remains unknown. Several genetic variants associated with enhanced risk for @entity161 and/or @entity162 can activate glycogen synthase kinase-3 isozymes ( @entity21042 and b). Here we examined the potential contribution of @entity21042 and b in the modulation of the ERG. METHODS: Cone and rod ERGs were recorded in @entity19 having increased (prpGSK3b @entity19 ) or reduced ( @entity6913 (+/-) @entity19 ) @entity6913 expression and in @entity21042 knockout (KO) @entity19 . RESULTS: In prpGSK3b @entity19 , we observed a decrease in rod b-wave amplitude at Vmax, whereas enhanced b-wave amplitude at Vmax was found in @entity6913 (+/-) @entity19 . An increase in cone a- and b-wave amplitude at Vmax and in rod b-wave amplitude at Vmax was observed in @entity21042 -KO @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6913 expression modulates some ERG parameters. The phenotype observed in prpGSK3b @entity19 is consistent with observations made in HRs. @entity154 observed in @entity6913 (+/-) and @entity21042 -KO @entity19 confirm an association between the rod and cone b-wave amplitude and the expression of @entity6913 isozymes. Changes in @entity6913 expression or activity may explain some @entity154 in HRs and @entity1 , thus supporting the biological validity of ERG measurements as a valuable biomarker for @entity146 research.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 overexpression replicates electroretinogram anomalies of offspring at high genetic risk for @entity161 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['ERG anomalies']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: From January 1, 1971, to January 1, 1976, 173 renal allografts were transplanted into 146 @entity1 . Intravenous @entity1667 (IVMP) was given to all mismatched recipients in a dose of 1 Gm. on the day of transplant and in varying amounts during acute allograft rejection. In 7 @entity1 , 4.8 per cent of 146 @entity1 and 4 per cent of 173 allografts, with a minimum follow-up of fifteen months @entity2530 of one or more joints developed with an average of 9.4 months after transplantation and a range of five to eighteen months. The total dose of IVMP given to the @entity1 with @entity39 varied between 3 and 18 Gm. from the time of transplantation until the onset of skeletal symptoms. This incidence was nearly identical to the 5 per cent of 242 @entity1 and 4.3 per cent of 276 renal allografts from the same center performed between January 1, 1963, and January 1, 1971, when intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy was not utilized. Since January, 1971, total joint replacement of the hip or knee were performed in 4 of the 7 affected @entity1 six to sixteen months after the onset of symptoms. Renal function remained stable after surgery in all 4 @entity1 . Virtually normal range of motion was present within three months after surgery. Although the controversy of @entity134 therapy in the pathogenesis of @entity2530 still exists, judicious use of high-dose IVMP therapy does not appear to increase its incidence. Early surgery is recommended when the radiologic evidence confirms the clinical findings of @entity2530 in order to ameliorate @entity158 , correct restriction of movement, and promote full rehabilitation.

title: @entity2530 following renal transplantation. Experience with 449 allografts with and without high-dose XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A molecular survey was conducted to investigate the presence of pathogenic @entity12732 persica species causing the @entity17389 ( @entity17389 ) in Takistan district Qazvin Province, western Iran. METHODS: A number of 1021 soft ticks were collected from 31 villages including previously reported infected and none-infected @entity17389 cases and individually examined for the presence of B. persica DNA by conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA. RESULTS: A total of 1021 soft ticks of three species of Ornithodouros tholozani (120: 11.75%), O. lahorensis (461: 45.15%) and Argas persicus (440: 43.1%) were collected and tested against @entity12732 . Soft ticks were more prevalent (67%) in infected areas than none infected areas. The rate O. tholozani in infected areas was much greater (29 times) than none infected areas. Ninety seven percent of soft ticks in none infected areas were of O. tholozani. Sixteen (16.7%) ticks of tested (n=95) O. tholozani were infected with B. persica. Three (1.3%) out of 205 soft ticks of O. lahorensis were positive for @entity12732 sp., and no infection was observed in A. persicus. TaqI RFLP analysis and sequence analysis of the positive PCR products showed the presence of B. persica. The RFLP analysis showed that the positive ticks of O. lahorensis were infected with unknown @entity12732 species. CONCLUSION: This study showed that although there were no @entity17389 cases in Takisan, but still infected O. tholozani, the known vector of @entity17389 , presented in the region. Control measures needs to be fulfilled in Thakisan.

title: Study on Presence of XXXX persica in Soft Ticks in Western Iran.

entities_list: @entity17389 :: ('MESH:D012061', 'Disease') :: ['TBRF', 'tick borne relapsing fever']

entities_list: @entity12732 :: ('MESH:D001899', 'Disease') :: ['Borrelia infection', 'Borrelia']

answer: @entity12732 :: (MESH:D001899,Disease) :: ['Borrelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight gain in adulthood is common, from modest gains in developing countries to substantial increases in Western societies. Evidence of the importance of energy expenditure in adult weight change has been limited to studies conducted in Pima Indians, in whom @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was found to be inversely associated with @entity1017 . OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine whether @entity400 was predictive of weight change in lean Nigerian adults. DESIGN: Weight was measured in 744 adults on 2-4 occasions over 5.5 y. @entity400 was measured in the second follow-up examination. Sex-specific, mixed-effects models with @entity400 , fat-free mass, and age as fixed effects were used to test the association between @entity400 and weight change. RESULTS: Adults aged >19 y (n = 352 @entity1 and 392 @entity1 ) were included in these analyses. At baseline, the mean (+/-SD) age was 45.9 +/- 16.1 y for the whole population; the mean weight was 61.4 +/- 10.7 and 58.1 +/- 12.1 kg and body mass index (in kg/m(2)) was 21.4 +/- 3.2 and 23.1 +/- 4.0 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Over a mean 5.5 y of follow-up, the age-adjusted @entity1017 was 0.42 kg/y for the @entity1 and 0.59 kg/y for the @entity1 . In mixed-effects models, @entity400 was positively associated with @entity1017 in both @entity1 and @entity1 (P < 0.001). No significant association was observed in @entity1 who lost weight. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with observations in overweight Pima Indians, @entity400 adjusted for body size and composition was positively associated with @entity1017 in lean Nigerian adults. This suggests either that the potential for differential regulation of body weight in lean compared with overweight populations exists or that the increased @entity400 in this population was the result, rather than cause, of @entity1017 .

title: Positive association between XXXX and @entity1017 in a lean adult population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['resting energy expenditure', 'REE']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['resting energy expenditure']


abstract: In a prospective follow-up study of 5,571 general surgical @entity1 at 11 hospitals (23 departments) in Israel, 1,487 @entity1 underwent operations for @entity547 (all types) and were screened daily for the development of postsurgical wound @entity281 . Infection developed in 68 (4.6 per cent) at the site of the incision. Fourteen factors were analyzed for the presumed effect on the risk of @entity281 ; only four were significant in a multivariate model. Of these factors (old age, @entity547 , @entity281 and drains), the introduction of drains had the strongest effect (relative risk equaled 4.1; p less than 0.001). Drains increased the risk in all the participating hospitals and in any category of @entity1 . They prolonged the period a wound was susceptible to @entity2348 from nine to 16 days. The risk increased linearly with the duration of the drainage. The over-all proportion of @entity1 who had a drain inserted was 19 per cent, with hospitals varying from 9 to 40 per cent of @entity1 operated upon (p less than 0.001). Our findings suggest that the risk of an @entity281 associated with drains may outweight their worth. Furthermore, there is no concensus among surgeons on the need for drains. Some surgeons use drains indiscriminately and others, rarely.

title: The Israeli Study of Surgical Infection of drains and the risk of wound XXXX in operations for @entity547 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'coexistent infection']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'incarcerated or recurrent hernia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM: @entity4848 is a rare @entity4848 defined by the presence of large and/or multiple congenital cutaneous nevi and @entity8205 in the central nervous system. We sought to define the spectrum of central @entity3002 in @entity1 with @entity4848 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed cases of @entity4848 referred to the pediatric neuro-oncology service at our center from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS: Of 14 @entity1 (11 males, 3 females) identified, eight were living. Median age of survivors was 31 months (range 12mo-6y 10mo) while median age of @entity204 was 81 months (19mo-28y). Of the six @entity1 who died, all had diffuse leptomeningeal @entity8205 and four had @entity320 . All @entity1 had neuroimaging: six had findings suggestive of @entity3554 ; seven had multifocal @entity8205 ; and one @entity1 had normal neuroimaging but focal @entity410 . @entity4681 were common: three @entity1 had extensive dorsal spinal @entity145 and one had a benign cervical @entity5 . Seven @entity1 had @entity302 . Three @entity1 had profound @entity245 ; the other 11 @entity1 had no or mild delay. INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with @entity4848 exhibit a wide range of intracranial and @entity854 and variable clinical outcomes.

title: Spectrum of central @entity3002 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic deposits']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous melanocytosis', 'Neurocutaneous melanocytosis', 'neurocutaneous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse leptomeningeal melanocytosis']

answer: @entity4848 :: (MESH:D020752,Disease) :: ['neurocutaneous melanocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gut-liver @entity409 appears to play a role in @entity28 and @entity409 . OBJECTIVES: This study sought to concurrently explore several GLA components in a paediatric obese population with/without @entity409 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 (mean age 11.2   years) were enrolled: nine controls with normal weight and 23 @entity1 with @entity28 (OB+). Of the 23 @entity1 OB(+), 12 had not @entity1560 (ST-), and 11 had @entity1560 (ST+) (associated [n   =   8] or not [n   =   3] with hypertransaminasaemia [ALT +/-]). Subjects were characterized by using auxologic, ultrasonographic and laboratory parameters. A glucose @entity3884 breath test was performed to test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, a urinary @entity11884 / @entity2656 ratio (LMR) was obtained to assess intestinal permeability, and tests for transaminases, blood endogenous @entity1068 , endotoxin and faecal calprotectin were also conducted. RESULTS: Eleven out of 23 @entity1 OB(+) (p   <   0.05) exhibited pathological (>90th percentile of the control group values) LMR, with values paralleling the grade of liver involvement (normal weight   <   OB[+]   <   OB[+]ST[+]ALT[-]   <   OB[+)]ST[+]ALT[+] [p   <   0.05]). LMR significantly correlated with ethanolaemia (r   =   0.38, p   =   0.05) and endotoxaemia (r   =   0.48, p   =   0.015) concentrations. Increased permeability was a risk factor for the development of @entity1560 (p   <   0.002). SIBO was present only in @entity1 with @entity28 . Faecal calprotectin concentrations were within normal limits in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Increased permeability, endogenous @entity1068 and systemic endotoxin concentrations reflect some @entity409 in @entity28 and its @entity409 . Pending further results to establish their potential causative roles, the modulation of the GLA appears to represent a possible target for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

title: Multiple gut-liver axis abnormalities in XXXX with @entity28 with and without hepatic involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic complications', 'axis (GLA) dysfunction', 'GLA dysfunction', 'liver disease', 'obesity-related hepatic complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The previous (1988) International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) @entity5 staging system failed in 3 important areas: (1) stage 1 and 2 disease showed similar survival; (2) stage 3 represented a most heterogeneous group of @entity1 with a wide survival range; and (3) the number and morphology of positive nodes were not taken into account. OBJECTIVE: To compare the 1988 FIGO @entity189 staging system with that of 2009 with regard to stage migration and prognostication. METHODS: Information on all @entity1 treated for @entity5 at the Queensland Centre for @entity5 , Australia, between 1988 to the present was obtained. Data included @entity1 ' characteristics as well as details on histopathology, treatments, and follow-up. We recorded the original 1988 FIGO stage, reviewed all @entity1 ' histopathology information, and restaged all @entity1 to the 2009 FIGO staging system. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to compare relapse-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: Data from 394 @entity1 with primary @entity189 were eligible for analysis. @entity1 with stage IA disease remained unchanged. @entity5 formerly classified as stage II are now classified as stage IB. Therefore, FIGO 2009 stage II has become rare, with only 6 of 394 @entity1 allocated to stage II. Stage III has been broken down into 3 substages, thus creating distinct differences in relapse-free survival and overall survival. Prognosis of @entity1 with stage IIIC disease is remarkably poor. CONCLUSION: The FIGO 2009 staging system for @entity189 successfully addresses some concerns of the 1988 system. Especially, it identifies high-risk @entity1 within the heterogeneous group of lymph node-positive @entity1 .

title: Validation of the FIGO 2009 staging system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'Gynecological Cancers', 'vulval cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulval carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Invagination is a rare cause of mechanical @entity1321 in adults, but half of their causes are malignant. A diagnosis of @entity3473 in an adult @entity1 strongly suggests presence of a malignant pathology. Moreover some benign conditions may resemble @entity5 like @entity1127 . Inflammatory @entity1127 are rare benign lesions of uncertain origin that may occur in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with gastric antrum being the most common site, followed by the small intestine. CASE PRESENTATION: A 31-year old male @entity1 was admitted to our emergency department few hours after complaints of @entity390 and @entity391 . Abdominal examination revealed distension and clanging intestinal sounds. Computed tomography showed @entity1321 without an obvious cause. The @entity1 underwent diagnostic laparotomy. In this process, approximately 10 cm of invaginated mid-jejunal segment was seen. The pathologic segment was resected and end-to-end @entity254 was performed. The @entity1 was discharged without any complication. CONCLUSION: Although IFP is seen very rarely in adults, it is one of the probable diagnoses that should be considered in obstructive @entity5 of the small intestine causing @entity3473 .

title: Jejunal XXXX in an adult caused by @entity1127 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory fibroid polyp', 'fibroid polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['invagination']

answer: @entity3473 :: (MESH:D007443,Disease) :: ['invagination']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate error levels in hemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ) and glycated albumin (GA) in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 due to inter-individual variability. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with stable glycemic control and without complications affecting either @entity3916 or GA were enrolled (n=154; age 68.4+/-9.9 years). Blood examination was performed 1-4h after breakfast or lunch every 2-3 months on > or =3 occasions. @entity3916 data were changed to IFCC values for analysis. RESULTS: @entity3916 and GA correlated significantly with postprandial plasma @entity413 . The correlation coefficient between @entity3916 and GA was 0.728 (p<0.001) when calculated using raw data and 0.747 (p<0.001) when calculated using averaged data for each @entity1 . The ratio R of GA to @entity3916 was 3.88+/-0.50 for raw data and 3.88+/-0.47 for averaged data, indicating coefficients of variation of R (CV(R)) of 12.9% and 12.1%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis reduced CV(R) to 11.2%. After dividing CV(R)(2) into CV( @entity3916 )(2) and CV(GA)(2), CV( @entity3916 ) and CV(GA) were calculated as 9.1% for raw data and 8.6% for averaged data, and were reduced to 7.9% after multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Error levels in @entity3916 and GA reach 7.9-9.1%, suggesting the existence of maximal 18% errors in @entity3916 and GA levels.

title: Evaluation of error levels in hemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin in type 2 XXXX @entity1 due to inter-individual variability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Stem cells have been increasingly recognized as a potential tool to replace or support cells damaged by the neurodegenerative process that underlies @entity191 ( @entity191 ). In this frame, @entity1 adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to heterologous embryonic or neural precursor cells. To address this issue, in this study we implanted undifferentiated hMSCs into the striatum of @entity35 bearing a lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway induced by local injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ), a widely recognized rodent model of @entity191 . Before grafting, cultured hMSCs expressed markers of both undifferentiated and committed neural cells, including nestin, @entity9270 , @entity20482 , beta-tubulin III, and @entity19744 , as well as several cytokine mRNAs. No glial or specific neuronal markers were detected. Following transplantation, some hMSCs acquired a glial-like phenotype, as shown by immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), but only in animals bearing the nigrostriatal lesion. More importantly, @entity35 that received the striatal graft showed increased survival of both cell bodies and terminals of dopaminergic, nigrostriatal neurons, coupled with a reduction of the @entity146 ( @entity3826 -induced turning behavior) associated with the lesion. No differentiation of the MSCs toward a neuronal (dopaminergic) phenotype was observed in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that grafted hMSCs exert neuroprotective effects against @entity528 induced by @entity2955 . The mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be clarified, although it is likely that the acquisition of a glial phenotype by grafted hMSCs may lead to the release of prosurvival cytokines within the lesioned striatum.

title: Transplantation of undifferentiated @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells protects against @entity2955 neurotoxicity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nigrostriatal degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Treatment of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) has remained both problematic as well as controversial. Although the sheet anchor in treatment of @entity5929 remains @entity230 , various workers have tried oral antifungals ( @entity2380 and @entity2059 ) with encouraging results. This study evaluates the effect of @entity2380 or @entity2059 in the treatment of @entity5929 @entity1 and compares them with the @entity1 who had received palliative therapy other than antifungals. Case records of 44 proven cases of @entity5929 treated at our referral service hospital during February 1998 to April 2001 were analyzed. In addition to oral and inhaled bronchodilators, 16 @entity1 received @entity2380 150 mg OD and 13 @entity1 @entity2059 200 mg OD for six months. Response to therapy was assessed clinically, radiologically and by spirometry every 3 months. @entity1 who did not receive antifungals had chronic course characterized by @entity1224 , recurrent @entity358 and obstructive defect on pulmonary function test (PFT). @entity1 treated with @entity2059 had better control of @entity565 symptoms, less requirement of reliever inhalers, @entity230 and lesser exacerbations of @entity565 during follow-up even after stopping antifungal. @entity2380 group had better control of symptoms but improvement in other parameters was not statistically significant. From this study it was evident that @entity2059 improved the symptoms of @entity1224 , pulmonary functions, @entity358 and decreased exacerbations during follow up.

title: Treatment of @entity5929 with @entity2380 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation', 'pulmonary opacities']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA still', 'ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sustained growth of @entity5 necessitates neovascularization. As one of the potent endogenous vascular inhibitors, @entity10120 has been widely used in antiangiogenesis therapy for @entity5 . @entity900 is normally administered in chemotherapy for @entity2 but accompanied with serious side effects. In the current study, we investigated a novel chemo-antiangiogenesis therapeutic strategy to both improve toxic effects on @entity2 cells and reduce damages to normal cells in the anti- @entity5 therapy. METHODS: In vitro, we transduced LLC cells with Ad- @entity30284 and collected supernatants. Western blotting analysis of the supernatants revealed expression of @entity10120 . In vivo, to fully investigate the suppression effect on @entity19 @entity2 of the combination therapy, we injected recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 adenovirus intratumorally plus a low dose of @entity900 intraperitoneally routinely. The @entity5 volume and survival time were observed. Angiogenesis was apparently inhibited within the @entity5 tissues and on the alginate beads. Assessment of apoptotic cells by the TUNEL assay was conducted in the @entity5 tissues. RESULTS: The combination treatment significantly suppressed the @entity5 growth and prolonged survival time of the @entity19 LLC @entity5 model. This anti- @entity5 activity was associated with decreased microvessel density and increased apoptotic index of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: According to the results in this study, recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 adenovirus in combination with a low dose of @entity900 demonstrated apparent synergistic anti- @entity5 activity without marked @entity137 . Thus, these observations may provide a rational alternative for @entity2 treatment.

title: XXXX in @entity19 model: treated by combination of recombinant @entity1 endostsatin adenovirus with low-dose @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Suppression of lung cancer']


abstract: Inflammatory cell counts in induced sputum from @entity748 @entity1 partially correlate with respiratory physiology data. To identify and quantify these inflammatory components, microscopy has been useful but it is not without its limitations. Flow cytometry could be an alternative but still has underlying methodological difficulties. While passing airways, leukocytes undergo morphologic cellular changes that alter their conventional phenotype. To demonstrate the usefulness of cytometry in accurately identifying cellular profiles in induced sputum of @entity748 and chronic cough @entity1 , we introduced a new panel of monoclonal antibodies against specific subset markers. To identify neutrophils, sputum cells were stained with @entity1195 and @entity7406 . To identify eosinophils, sputum cells were stained with anti- @entity1195 and anti-CD125. We co-stained @entity1195 , @entity5750 and @entity7406 to identify macrophages as @entity1195 + @entity5750 + @entity7406 - cells. Comparable results of @entity3460 exclusion and @entity4404 -FITC suggested that cytometry manipulation did not decrease cellular viability. Range values were similar in microscopy neutrophils (median 19.9%, range 1.7-90.1%) and @entity1195 + @entity7406 + neutrophils (median 31% range 0.9-89%). After gating out @entity1195 - non-leukocyte events, @entity1195 + and SSC dot-plots defined three patterns of leukocyte distribution. The eosinophil range in microscopic examination was 0-71.3% (median 2.85%) whereas @entity1195 +CD125+ cell range in cytometry was 0-29% (median 3.7%). Since no exclusive markers were found on airways macrophages, we co-stained @entity1195 , @entity5750 and @entity7406 to identify macrophages as @entity1195 + @entity5750 + @entity7406 - cells. Microscopy showed that macrophage and @entity1195 + @entity5750 + @entity7406 - cell counts were comparable (median 52.3 and range 6.7-94.8 vs median 61 and range 10.5-97.7 respectively). Correlations between neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages in microscopic examination and flow cytometry were strong (R=0.725, 0.747 and 0.532, respectively p<0.001). This study validates effectiveness of combining specific antibodies and cytometry to quantify inflammatory leukocytes in induced sputum. Multiple markers at a single cell level will deepen our knowledge concerning the phenotype of airway leukocytes.

title: Flow cytometry analysis of leukocytes in induced sputum from @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The number of @entity1 orphaned due to @entity645 / @entity791 in sub-Saharan Africa was estimated in 2007 by UNAIDS at upwards of 12 million. In Uganda alone, 800,000 of the estimated 1.6 million orphans are said to be orphaned due to this cause. These @entity1 suffer life-long consequences from the loss of their parents. This study explores the situation of @entity1 living in @entity1 -headed households in Uganda's western Kabarole district. Through qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with 20 @entity1 heads of households, the health concerns of these @entity1 are documented. The interview data were analysed using qualitative research techniques. The study reveals that the psychological and physical effects of orphanhood are magnified for those living in @entity1 -headed households. In particular, it highlights the fears of theft and abuse which are a constant source of @entity148 for these @entity1 . It reports that @entity221 episodes among younger siblings are also particularly worrisome for @entity1 heads of households. The article concludes with recommendations for addressing this urgent problem in sub-Saharan Africa.

title: Ugandan XXXX / @entity791 orphans in charge of their households speak out: a study of their health-related worries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: @entity900 and @entity3003 cause dose-dependent @entity8 . Electrolyte abnormalities such as hypomagnesaemia and @entity1371 are commonly reported adverse effects, in addition to increased serum @entity1011 and @entity5507 . Cumulative dose, dehydration, @entity4988 , and concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs have been suggested as risk factors for @entity900 nephrotoxicity. The adverse effects of @entity1260 include proximal @entity8 , and renal wasting of electrolytes, @entity413 and @entity1522 , @entity4434 , @entity11089 and @entity4772 have also been reported with @entity1260 treatment. Risk factors for @entity1260 nephrotoxicity include the cumulative dose, young age, previous or concurrent @entity900 treatment, and unilateral nephrectomy. @entity1260 / @entity3003 / @entity2879 (ICE) combination therapy induces @entity25114 , which frequently includes renal wasting of electrolytes, and persistent @entity25114 has been observed in recurrent or chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 . We retrospectively examined the incidence of @entity25114 and clinical findings in pediatric @entity1 treated with an ICE regimen. Twenty of 28 (71.4%) pediatric @entity1 had @entity25114 . The duration of @entity25114 was longer in the non-remission subgroup of @entity1 , which suggests that @entity25114 may be a predictive marker for prognosis of @entity5 and efficacy of drugs such as @entity1260 , @entity3003 and @entity900 . Nephrotoxicity induced by these drugs may also be more common in pediatric @entity1 than in adults, but it is unclear why a young age is a risk factor and further research is required regarding the mechanism of antineoplastic drug induced-nephrotoxicity in @entity1 .

title: @entity1 's toxicology from bench to bed--Drug-induced @entity8 (2): Nephrotoxicity induced by XXXX and @entity1260 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity25114 :: ('MESH:C537757', 'Disease') :: ['hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubular damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of statin-induced high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) changes is not well known. We investigated whether @entity8671 -induced HDL-C changes can influence the anti-oxidative action of high-density lipoprotein particle. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 240 @entity1 with stable @entity741 were studied. Anti-oxidative property was assessed by @entity533 ( @entity533 ) activity. We compared the lipid profile and @entity533 activity at baseline and at 8 weeks after @entity8671 10 mg treatment. RESULTS: @entity8671 treatment increased the mean HDL-C concentration by 1.9  9.2 mg/dL (6.4  21.4%). HDL-C increased in 138 @entity1 (57.5%), but decreased in 102 @entity1 (42.5%) after statin treatment. @entity533 activity increased to 19.1% in all @entity1 . In both, the @entity1 with increased HDL-C and with decreased HDL-C, @entity533 activity significantly increased after @entity8671 treatment (+19.3% in increased HDL-C responder; p=0.018, +18.8% in decreased HDL-C responder; p=0.045 by paired t-test). Baseline @entity533 activity modestly correlated with HDL-C levels (r=0.248, p=0.009); however, the @entity533 activity evaluated during the course of the treatment did not correlate with HDL-C levels (r=0.153, p=0.075). CONCLUSION: @entity8671 treatment improved the anti-oxidative properties as assessed by @entity533 activity, regardless of on-treatment HDL-C levels, in @entity1 with stable @entity741 .

title: Antioxidative Activity after @entity8671 Treatment in XXXX with Stable @entity741 and Decreased High Density Lipoprotein @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Our aim was to investigate the association between serum @entity2285 concentration and @entity101 of pregnancy. One hundred and forty-two pregnant @entity1 with @entity101 (93 with @entity1468 , 29 with transient @entity101 of pregnancy and 20 with superimposed @entity1468 ) and 127 normotensive, healthy pregnant @entity1 were included in the study. Serum @entity2285 concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum @entity2285 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 with transient @entity101 of pregnancy, in preeclamptic @entity1 and in @entity1 with superimposed @entity1468 than in the control group (median (25-75 percentile): 0.66 (0.52-0.84), 0.55 (0.42-0.80), 0.61 (0.42-0.91) ng/ml vs 0.31 (0.27-0.39) ng/ml, respectively; P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed independent association of elevated serum @entity2285 level with transient @entity101 of pregnancy, @entity1468 and superimposed @entity1468 . The difference in serum @entity2285 concentration between preeclamptic @entity1 and the control group was statistically significant in each gestational age category. In the groups of preeclamptic and superimposed preeclamptic @entity1 , there was no significant difference in serum @entity2285 concentration between mild and severe preeclamptic @entity1 , between @entity1 with late and early onset of the disease, as well as between preeclamptic @entity1 without and with @entity851 . In conclusion, serum @entity2285 concentration is elevated in transient @entity101 of pregnancy, in @entity1468 and in superimposed @entity1468 . Circulating @entity2285 may not only be a marker for these conditions, but might also play a role in their pathogenesis. However, further studies are needed to explore its role in the pathogenesis of @entity101 of pregnancy.

title: Association of elevated serum heat-shock protein 70 concentration with transient @entity101 of pregnancy, XXXX and superimposed @entity1468 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['foetal growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Examine prognostic factors that may indicate when surgical lens removal is indicated to prevent vision-threatening complications in @entity1 presented following traumatic perforating @entity2687 with associated lens capsule disruption. PROCEDURES: Seventy-seven @entity1 (10 @entity468 and 67 @entity235 ) were evaluated with this injury; of these, 47 were presented acutely and treated surgically and/or medically. Successful outcome was @entity227 . RESULTS: The 47 @entity1 with acute injuries were divided into 3 treatment groups A-C for comparison; A - corneal repair/lens removal (n = 15), B - corneal repair/no lens removal (n = 9), C - medical management (n = 23). Groups A and B showed a significantly greater rate of @entity1018 compared to Group C that was most obvious greater than 18 months @entity130 (P = 0.029 and 0.0097, respectively). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis found a significantly higher increased rate of @entity1018 in Group A (HR = 4.5; P = 0.023) and a higher but nonsignificant increased rate of @entity1018 in Group B (HR = 3.0; P = 0.23) compared to Group C after controlling for age and cause of injury. The length of the @entity2687 and time interval from injury to referral were also relevant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Medical management is an appropriate therapy for @entity1 of all ages suffering perforating @entity267 with associated lens capsule disruption. @entity1 with @entity267 requiring surgical repair or managed by lens removal following corneal repair suffered vision-threatening complications approximately 3 to 4.5 times the rate of @entity1 treated by medical management, respectively. Favorable prognostic signs for treatment by medical management include good corneal wound apposition and a formed anterior chamber without uveal prolapse or continued aqueous leakage.

title: XXXX with associated lens capsule disruption: a retrospective study of 77 clinical cases from 1999 to 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['defined as functional vision in the treated eye']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injuries']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal laceration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['Traumatic corneal laceration']


abstract: @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by defective immunoglobulin production and high frequency of @entity2348 , autoimmunity and manifestations of @entity32 . The homeostatic chemokines @entity11274 and @entity3024 and their receptor @entity9350 are associated with modulation of inflammatory responses. @entity6078 @entity1 have decreased proportions of @entity9350 (+) T cells in peripheral blood and we hypothesized a further dysregulation of @entity11274 / @entity3024 / @entity9350 in @entity6078 . Serum levels of @entity11274 and @entity3024 were compared in @entity6078 @entity1 and controls. T cell expression of @entity9350 was related to clinical characteristics in @entity6078 @entity1 . Spleens extirpated from @entity6078 @entity1 were analysed for expression of @entity11274 , @entity3024 and @entity9350 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity6078 @entity1 and controls were analysed for cytokine response on stimulation with @entity11274 and @entity3024 . The main findings were: (i) @entity6078 @entity1 have raised serum levels of @entity11274 and @entity3024 independently of features of @entity32 ; (ii) @entity11274 and @entity9350 have similar expression in spleens from @entity6078 @entity1 and controls, while @entity3024 is variably down-regulated in spleens from @entity1 ; (iii) T cell expression of @entity9350 is particularly low in @entity1 characterized by @entity32 in vivo; and (iv) PBMC from @entity6078 @entity1 had attenuated cytokine response to stimulation with @entity11274 and @entity3024 . @entity6078 @entity1 have raised circulatory levels of @entity11274 and @entity3024 , and an attenuated cytokine response to stimulation with these chemokines. Because @entity9350 , @entity11274 and @entity3024 are key mediators balancing immunity and tolerance in the immune system, the abnormalities of these mediators might contribute to the profound immune dysregulation seen in @entity6078 .

title: Chemokines and common variable immunodeficiency; possible contribution of XXXX , @entity3024 and @entity9350 to immune dysregulation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity11274 :: (6363,Gene) :: ['CCL19']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in perioperative care have led to a decrease in mortality of @entity1 with @entity1699 undergoing the Norwood operation. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of the Norwood operation in a single center over 12 years and to identify clinical and anatomic risk factors for adverse early and longer term outcome. METHODS: Full data on all 157 @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2007 were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality of the Norwood operation decreased from 21% in the first 3 years to 2.5% in the last 3 years. The estimated exponentially weighted moving average of early mortality after 157 Norwood operations was 2.3%. Risk factors were an @entity5216 , the use and duration of @entity1167 , and the duration of total support time. The anatomic subgroup @entity4794 /aortic @entity1146 and female gender tended to show an increased early mortality. In the group of @entity1 who required postoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the ascending aorta was significantly smaller than in the remainder (3.03 +/- 1.05 vs 3.63 +/- 1.41 mm). Interstage mortality was 15% until the initiation of a home surveillance program in 2005, which has zeroed it so far. It was significantly higher in the @entity4794 /aortic @entity1146 subgroup and tended to be higher in @entity1 who required cardiopulmonary resuscitation after the Norwood operation. The best actuarial survival was observed in the mitral @entity1146 /aortic @entity1146 subgroup. CONCLUSION: The Norwood operation can now be performed with low mortality. @entity1 with @entity4794 /aortic @entity1146 still constitute the most challenging subgroup.

title: Outcome of the Norwood operation in @entity1 with XXXX : a 12-year single-center survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 who developed persistent @entity644 while on @entity2361 for @entity309 , were collected over a period of one year. Eleven @entity1 had a frank @entity1985 and three had a lesser degree of @entity644 but no @entity4 . The @entity1 had received @entity2361 (mean daily dose 1015 mg) for less than one year (mean 7-5 months) when the @entity8 was detected. Clinical investigations have been correlated with renal biopsy material. Light microscopy detected no abnormalities except for minimal hypercellularity in a few @entity1 . In markde contrast, the electron-microscope revealed numerous electron-dense deposits (EED's) in the outer layer of the basement membrane. Immunofluorescence showed the presence of IgG and complement in the basement membrane, the intensity of which correlated with the number of EED's. The pathological picture was essentially the same in those @entity1 with the @entity1985 and those with @entity644 . In this series, we found no evidence that @entity2361 induced @entity8 by any other mechanism except immune complex deposition. Serological tests revealed little evidence for complement activation or consumption and @entity1423 was the only positive direct test for circulating immune complexes. Renal biopsies were performed at differing intervals after the cessation of @entity2361 therapy, which allowed assessment of the natural history of the pathological lesion and revealed a striking persistence of EDD's in some @entity1 . Two @entity1 showed an almost identical picture initially and at re-biopsy one year later. Persistent @entity644 was also a feature of the group as a whole. The pathological picture has similarities with that of idiopathic @entity8157 . This study suggests that the use of @entity2361 in @entity309 may induce persistent @entity8 .

title: XXXX @entity8 in @entity309 . A clinical, pathological and immunological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulopathy']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['Penicillamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) is usually a mild and self-limiting disease, but some @entity1 develop a severe form that is associated with high mortality. In @entity656 , local @entity32 is followed first by the systemic @entity32 and then by the compensatory anti- @entity32 , which is defined by low human @entity4107 expression on monocytes, increased concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 , and decreased monocyte function. Our aim was to measure the expression of @entity15054 (a proposed marker of @entity32 ) and HLA-DR on monocytes, and the serum concentrations of @entity650 (a proinflammatory cytokine) and @entity688 in @entity1 with @entity656 to determine whether these markers can identify @entity1 at high risk of developing severe @entity656 . METHODS: Fifty healthy volunteers, 18 @entity1 with mild @entity656 , and 11 @entity1 with severe @entity656 were included in this study. Samples were taken at admission and one and three days later. @entity15054 and HLA-DR expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, and soluble @entity15054 , @entity650 and @entity688 concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity15054 expression was higher in @entity1 with @entity656 than in healthy volunteers, but there was no difference between @entity1 with mild and severe @entity656 . @entity15054 expression was not associated with mortality or with the presence of @entity281 . Soluble @entity15054 concentration in serum was higher in non-survivors than in survivors. HLA-DR expression was lower and @entity650 concentration higher in @entity1 with severe @entity656 and in infected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity15054 expression was associated with the presence of @entity32 but not @entity281 in @entity656 . In @entity1 with @entity656 , low HLA-DR expression and high @entity650 concentration could predict severity and @entity281 in samples taken shortly after admission.

title: XXXX expression on monocytes is associated with @entity32 but not with @entity281 in acute pancreatitis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory response syndrome', 'infection or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15054 :: ('54210', 'Gene') :: ['TREM-1', 'triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP or infection', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR']

answer: @entity15054 :: (54210,Gene) :: ['Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of continued drug use and its perception by prescribing physicians on access to antiretroviral treatment among French @entity645 infected injection drug users (IDUs). DESIGN: Cross sectional including enrollment data (October 1995-1996) of the cohort study MANIF 2000. Access to treatment is compared in three groups: former IDUs (n = 68) and active IDUs whether or not this behaviour remains undetected (n = 38) or detected (n = 17) by physicians. SETTING: Hospital departments for specialist @entity791 care in south eastern France and inner suburbs of Paris. @entity1 : All enrolled @entity1 with @entity404 + cell counts < 400 with detailed clinical history, access to treatment, risk behaviours, and past drug use as reported by both physicians and @entity1 (n = 123). MAIN RESULTS: A minority (43.9%) already received an antiretroviral treatment. Active IDUs had worst socioeconomic and psychological conditions but only those detected by physicians were considered as poorly compliant. Logistic regression showed that, with respect to ex-IDUs and independently of clinical stage, active IDUs, whether or not they were perceived as such by physicians, were threefold more likely not to receive antiretroviral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even among French @entity645 infected IDUs who have regular access to @entity791 specialised hospital care, continued drug use reduced the likelihood of being prescribed antiretroviral treatment. To reduce delays in access to new treatments, specific efforts must be devoted towards both @entity791 specialists and IDU @entity1 to overcome current stereotypes of non-compliance associated with continued injection.

title: Access to antiretroviral treatment among French XXXX infected injection drug users: the influence of continued drug use. MANIF 2000 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The actions of @entity5836 , natural @entity5015 , @entity1421 and a synthetic commercial @entity5015 preparation, Enisoprost (Searle) on pepsinogen synthesis and secretion were studied in @entity235 chief cell monolayer cultures. @entity5836 , applied directly to the apical surface of chief cells using culture plate inserts (Millipore) had no effect on secretion, nor did it affect the action of any secretagogue in the basolateral medium. All @entity2918 tested showed significant stimulation of pepsinogen secretion. Basal secretion of pepsinogen after 90 min was 9.4 (1.3)% to total initial monolayer content. At 10(-6) M, @entity5015 stimulated secretion was 26.1 (3.8)%; @entity1421 27.9 (4)% and Enisoprost 28.8 (4.2)% of initial pepsinogen content. Stimulations by all tested @entity2918 were additive with @entity5402 (10(-4) M) and @entity10994 (10(-9) M), but not with @entity10299 (10(-6) M), @entity5393 (10(-3) M) or @entity1928 (10(-6) M) responses. All three @entity2918 stimulated pepsinogen synthesis as measured by @entity3209 labelled @entity3689 incorporation into pepsinogen. Time course experiments were similar to those for @entity1928 and showed shorter time delays between stimulus and increased synthesis rate than @entity5402 but longer than @entity5393 . Stimulated pepsinogen secretion was inhibited by high pepsin concentrations (greater than 800 micrograms/ml) in the medium. The inhibited abolished simultaneous @entity5402 induced stimulation of synthesis but @entity3009 or @entity1928 stimulation only after two hours. Combined with the shorter response time, as compared with @entity5402 , these data support our previous findings that potent stimulators of @entity268 production can stimulate pepsinogen synthesis directly by stimulation of mRNA synthesis, independently from an increased secretion. The additivity of effects with @entity5402 or @entity10994 and similarity with @entity1928 stimulated synthesis supports the suggestion that the actions of @entity2918 are mediated by @entity268 .

title: Effect of @entity5836 and XXXX on pepsinogen synthesis and secretion in @entity235 gastric chief cell monolayer cultures.

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochloric acid', 'hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors assessed whether socioeconomic inequalities in @entity565 symptoms were already present in preschool @entity1 and to what extent prenatal, perinatal and postnatal risk factors for @entity565 symptoms mediate the effect of @entity159 ( @entity159 ). METHODS: The study included 3136 Dutch @entity1 participating in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort study. Adjusted ORs of @entity565 symptoms for low and middle @entity159 (household income and maternal education) compared to high @entity159 were calculated after adjustment for potential confounders and also adjusted for prenatal, perinatal and postnatal mediators at preschool age. RESULTS: At age 1 year, low- @entity159 @entity1 had a 40% lower risk of @entity565 symptoms compared to high- @entity159 @entity1 (p<0.01). However, the risk of @entity565 symptoms in 3- and 4-year-old low- @entity159 @entity1 was 1.5 times higher compared to their high- @entity159 age mates (p<0.05). The positive associations at age 1 year were particularly modified by postnatal factors (up to 38%). In toddlers, prenatal factors explained up to 58% of the negative associations between @entity159 and @entity565 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity159 indirectly affects @entity565 symptoms at preschool age. The inverse association between @entity159 and @entity565 symptoms emerges at age 3 years. This is particularly due to a high level of adverse prenatal circumstances in low- @entity159 toddlers. Future research should evaluate public health programs (during pregnancy) to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in childhood @entity565 .

title: The role of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in preschool XXXX symptoms: the Generation R Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['socioeconomic status', 'SES']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study, 24 @entity1 with @entity5144 were given 28 d of treatment, and in an open study, 56 @entity1 were treated for 9 months. We treated @entity1 with 100 micrograms @entity379 per subcutaneous injections, which were given daily for the first 2 weeks and then 3 times per week. The principal criterion for evaluation of therapeutic success on @entity625 was improvement of the @entity158 index by at least 25% in the double-blind and 30% in the long-term study. In the double-blind study, the interferon arm was superior to the placebo arm with a statistically significant, one-side error probability of less than 5% in the chi-square test. In the long-term study, @entity379 caused an improvement in a portion of @entity1 in the first 3 months of therapy. No further improvement was observed after the third month, and @entity1 classified as responders in the first months showed a deterioration of the disease by continuing treatment. The humoral inflammatory parameters did not normalize during therapy. Regression of the skin manifestations could not be observed. @entity379 is evidently capable of inducing a @entity1569 on the injection site. Investigations of @entity379 serum levels, IFN antibodies, 2'-5' A synthetase levels in serum, and mononuclear blood cells and NK cell activity under long-term therapy showed no explanation for the loss of efficacy after 3 months treatment.

title: Treatment of @entity1569 and XXXX with @entity379 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Ritchie joint pain']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: AIM: Although percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) is an effective therapeutic procedure for critical limb @entity63 , several clinical factors can influence the outcome of @entity865 for @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). The aim of this study is to identify the outcome predictors of @entity865 in infected @entity6 @entity1 with @entity3657 . METHODS: Eighty-five @entity6 @entity1 with a total of 90 infected limbs treated by @entity865 participated in this study. @entity1 were initially admitted for @entity1411 and were later diagnosed with @entity3657 . Even though all @entity1 underwent successful @entity865 within 15 days of admission, limb salvage was successful in 66 cases while 24 underwent subsequent amputation. The clinical characteristics and laboratory variables of both groups before @entity865 were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Significantly higher level of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) was observed in the major amputation group before @entity865 . The cutoff value via receiver operating characteristic curve was 50mg/L (81.8% specificity, 70.7% sensitivity). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity1851 levels may serve as valuable marker in determining a successful outcome. CONCLUSION: Reduced @entity1851 levels (<50mg/L), which indicates a @entity281 severity, may serve as a major predictor of successful @entity865 outcome in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1411 .

title: @entity1851 as an outcome predictor for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX and @entity1411 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['low infection']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['infected foot ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravitreally administered bevacizumab on untreated vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in sub- or juxtafoveal occult @entity1940 as a result of age-related @entity1020 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, 28 untreated eyes of 26 @entity1 (4 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; mean age, 74.6    7.2 years) with PED and sub- or juxtafoveal occult @entity1940 as a result of age-related @entity1020 and additional intra- and/or subretinal fluid were treated with intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Baseline and follow-up visits included best-corrected visual acuity, complete ophthalmic examination, and Stratus optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline. Reinjections were performed if intra- and/or subretinal fluid persisted or recurred or PED increased. RESULTS: @entity1 received 3.2    1.8 injections (follow-up 37.9    18.3 weeks). Mean maximum PED height showed a tendency to decrease (372    150.5  m to 290.3    189  m; P = 0.094). In 14 eyes (53.8%), PED height was reduced at last visit, including complete flattening in 1 eye. Mean visual acuity remained stable (0.58    0.30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution to 0.58    0.37 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; P = 0.905). Pigment epithelium detachment response to treatment did not correlate with baseline PED height or visual acuity at baseline or at the last visit. One @entity1 sustained a retinal pigment epithelium @entity5398 , and another @entity1 sustained an extensive @entity548 . CONCLUSION: During bevacizumab therapy, mean PED height decreases in 50% of @entity1 . No predictive factors for the response of PED to bevacizumab treatment could be identified. Treatment of PED with bevacizumab might result in a long-term functional benefit compared with the natural course.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab in vascular pigment epithelium detachment as a result of subfoveal occult @entity1940 in age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: The course of intermittent @entity5770 and response to surgery may depend on whether there is underlying monofixation. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of sensory monofixation in intermittent @entity5770 using different stereotests and to determine the risk of misclassifying monofixation based on a single administration of each test. DESIGN: Retrospective case review of @entity1 with intermittent @entity5770 . METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 were identified for whom Preschool Randot, Frisby, and Titmus stereoacuity were measured at a single examination. Ninety-two @entity1 were identified with near stereoacuity measured on 2 sequential visits (Preschool Randot, n = 73; Frisby, n = 66; and Titmus, n = 40). Monofixation was defined as stereoacuity worse than previously published age-referenced normal thresholds, bifixation was defined as at least 40 arc seconds, and uncertain was defined as within normal range for age but worse than 40 arc seconds. RESULTS: In @entity1 measured by all 3 tests on the same visit, sensory monofixation occurred in 36% using Preschool Randot, in 48% using Titmus, and in 55% using Frisby (P > .1 for each comparison). There was poor agreement between Frisby and Preschool Randot when classifying monofixation in individual @entity1 (P = .05). In @entity1 measured on sequential visits, misclassification occurred in 5% with Preschool Randot, in 13% with Titmus, and in 23% with Frisby (Preschool Randot vs Frisby, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Classification of monofixation depends on the stereotest used. Regardless of the stereotest, there is a risk of misclassifying monofixation on a single assessment. Potential misclassification needs to be considered in clinical practice and in study design.

title: Classification and misclassification of sensory monofixation in intermittent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: RNA polymerase (pol) III, assisted by the transcription factors TFIIIC and TFIIIB, transcribes small untranslated RNAs, such as tRNAs. In addition to known pol III-transcribed genes, the @entity375 genome contains loci ( @entity36324 , ETC1-8) associated to incomplete pol III transcription complexes (Moqtaderi, Z., and Struhl, K. (2004) Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 4118-4127). We show that a short segment of the @entity36324 locus, containing box A and box B promoter elements and a termination signal between them, directs the pol III-dependent production of a small RNA both in vitro and in vivo. In @entity375 cells, the levels of both @entity36324 - and ETC5-specific transcripts were dramatically enhanced upon nucleosome depletion. Remarkably, transcription factor and pol III occupancy at the corresponding loci did not change significantly upon derepression, thus suggesting that chromatin opening activates poised pol III to transcription. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the @entity36324 promoter is the only surviving portion of a tDNA(Ile) ancestor, whose transcription capacity has been preserved throughout evolution independently from the encoded RNA product. Similarly, another TFIIIC/TFIIIB-associated locus, close to the YGR033c open reading frame, was found to be the strictly conserved remnant of an ancient tDNA( @entity534 ). The maintenance, by eukaryotic genomes, of chromatin-repressed, non-coding transcription units has implications for both genome expression and organization.

title: Nucleosome depletion activates poised RNA polymerase III at unconventional transcription sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']