abstract: It is assumed that acute @entity583 affects renal function. To study the mechanism, we used @entity19 following permanent ligation of their left coronary artery that results in extensive @entity583 . Soon after ligation, there was a marked rise in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity1234 ( @entity4466 -positive evidence of lipid peroxidation). Renal function had significantly declined by the third day in association with mild @entity82 , and swelling of glomeruli and tubules. There was a significant increase in the expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 ( @entity27773 ), interelukin-1b, @entity6580 , and @entity4466 -reactive substances in the kidney. Renal function showed some recovery by Day 21; however, there was progressive @entity8 . @entity27773 knockout @entity19 had significantly diminished increases in systemic and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, @entity1234 , structural alterations, and decline in renal function than the wild-type @entity19 following ligation of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function and survival rates were also significantly better in the @entity27773 knockout @entity19 than in the wild-type @entity19 . Hence, severe @entity741 results in @entity8 and histological abnormalities suggestive of @entity810 . Thus, @entity27773 is a key modulator among multiple mechanisms underlying @entity8 following extensive @entity583 .

title: Abrogation of @entity27773 attenuates acute @entity741 -induced XXXX by modulating systemic and local inflammation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the kidneys', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Budding @entity375 is a unique model for exploring differential fate in a cell dividing asymmetrically. In @entity375 , spindle orientation begins with the old spindle pole body (SPB) (from the preceding cell cycle) contacting the bud by its existing astral microtubules (aMTs) while the new pole delays astral microtubule organization. This appears to prime the inheritance of the old pole by the bud. The basis for this asymmetry and the discrimination of the poles by virtue of their history remain a mystery. RESULTS: Here, we report that asymmetric aMT organization stems from an outstanding structural asymmetry linked to the SPB cycle. We show that the y-tubulin nucleation complex (yTC) favors the old spindle pole, an asymmetry inherent to the outer plaque (the cytoplasmic face of the SPB). Indeed, @entity40671 (the receptor for the yTC) is acquired by the new SPB outer plaque partway through spindle assembly. The significance of this asymmetry was explored in cells expressing an @entity40671 (1-276)-Cnm67 fusion that forced symmetric nucleation at the SPB outer plaques. This manipulation triggered simultaneous aMT organization by both spindle poles from the outset and led to symmetric contacts between poles and the bud, effectively disrupting the program for spindle polarity. Temporally symmetric aMT organization perturbed @entity26354 polarization by randomizing the choice of the pole to be guided toward the bud. Accordingly, the pattern of SPB inheritance was also randomized. CONCLUSIONS: @entity40671 differential recruitment imparting asymmetric aMT organization represents the most upstream determinant linking SPB historical identity and fate.

title: Spindle pole body history intrinsically links pole identity with asymmetric fate in budding XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: To study @entity5 -associated antigens that are immunogenic to @entity1 , we have generated human monoclonal antibodies by fusing lymph node lymphocytes of a @entity320 @entity1 with a @entity19 @entity1582 cell line. We examined in detail the reactivity of one IgG antibody, termed 2-139-1. Immunostaining was performed with purified antibody conjugated to @entity1885 . Binding was visualized by the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex. With cultured cells, 2-139-1 stained 12 of 12 @entity189 . Reactivity was not detectable in seven neural @entity5 , six @entity242 , and 45 @entity706 and @entity1778 . This spectrum of reactivity was confirmed with sections of @entity1 tissues. The human monoclonal antibody 2-139-1 reacted against @entity320 and not banal nevi. While the antibody reacted strongly to @entity420 of the colon, prostate, rectum, and pancreas, it did not stain all the @entity189 tested. Furthermore, reactivity was not seen against @entity242 . Interestingly, 2-139-1 did not bind to the majority of the cells in normal tissues, including fetal tissues. The reactivity of 2-139-1 may be representative of the humoral immune response found in the regional lymph nodes of @entity5 @entity1 . The distribution of this @entity5 was fairly limited and appeared to be associated with malignant transformation.

title: Tumor-reactive @entity1 immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody from a @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epitope in various tumors', 'cancer', 'crest tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'melanomas and 12 of 16 carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: 1. In response to vascular permeabilizing agents, particulates circulating in the blood extravasate from venules through endothelial cell openings. These openings have been thought to be intercellular gaps though recently this view has been challenged. 2. To define the precise location of endothelial cell gaps, serial section electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed in skin and cremaster muscle of @entity840 , @entity19 and @entity35 injected locally with agents that enhance microvascular permeability: @entity6667 , @entity112 or @entity750 . Ferritin and colloidal @entity505 were injected intravenously as soluble and particulate macromolecular tracers, respectively. 3. Both tracers extravasated from venules in response to all three permeability enhancing agents. The soluble plasma protein ferritin extravasated primarily by way of vesiculo-vacuolar organelles (VVOs), interconnected clusters of vesicles and vacuoles that traverse venular endothelium. In contrast, exogenous particulates (colloidal @entity505 ) and endogenous particulates (erythrocytes, platelets) extravasated from plasma through transendothelial openings. 4. Serial electron microscopic sections and three-dimensional reconstructions demonstrated that eighty-nine of ninety-two openings were transendothelial pores, not intercellular gaps. Pore frequency increased 3- to 33-fold when @entity505 was used as tracer. 5. The results demonstrate that soluble and particulate tracers extravasate from venules by apparently different transcellular pathways in response to vasoactive mediators. However, some pores may derive from rearrangements of VVOs.

title: Reinterpretation of endothelial cell gaps induced by vasoactive mediators in XXXX , @entity19 and @entity35 : many are transcellular pores.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular permeability factor']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity5 and insufficient @entity158 relief from nonopioid analgesics were treated with slow-release @entity1340 for initial dose finding and as a long-term treatment. Immediate-release @entity1340 was provided for the treatment of @entity158 and a standard nonopioid analgesic (1000 mg naproxen daily) was given as suggested for step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder. Ninety of 146 @entity1 (62%) completed the 6-week trial period. Drop-outs were due to adverse events (20%), inadequate @entity158 relief (9%), or both (2.5%), @entity204 due to the underlying disease (4%), low @entity1 compliance (2%) or other reasons. Average and maximal @entity158 intensity decreased from day 1 to day 4. The number of @entity1 with good and complete @entity158 relief increased from 43% after week 1 to 71% after week 6 with maximum daily doses of @entity1340 up to 650 mg. However, 70% of the @entity1 still needed less than 400 mg @entity1340 per day in week 6. Most @entity1 (86%) experienced adverse events during the study period. Some common side effects of opioids, such as @entity1295 , @entity1296 , and @entity1142 , decreased in frequency over the 6 weeks. The frequency of other adverse events such as @entity390 , @entity391 and sweating did not change. Slow-release @entity1340 provided fast and efficient @entity158 relief in almost two-thirds of @entity1 both during initial dose finding and during long-term treatment, improving treatment options in step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder.

title: Slow-release @entity1340 for treatment of chronic XXXX --an open multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['malignant pain']


abstract: OBJECT: To review our institutional experience with Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery in treating large @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) of 3 to 4 cm diameter. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort review of all @entity1 treated with GK for @entity5513 at our institution between November 2003 and March 2012. Data on age, sex, @entity5513 volume, location and maximal diameter, House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve scores pre and post-GK, Gardner-Robertson (GR) hearing score pre and post-GK, GK treatment parameters, @entity5513 response time, @entity532 and clinical outcome was recorded RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 during the defined time period were identified. Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 34.5 months. Tumor control occurred in 92%, and was maintained in 85.7% at two years. @entity393 occurred in all treated compared to pre-GK status, as per HB and GR grading. Transient @entity532 occurred in 80%. @entity394 occurred in seven @entity1 (28%). One @entity1 (4%) had the permanent complication of worsening pre-GK hemifacial @entity2473 . Four @entity1 (16%) developed @entity1276 post-GK. CONCLUSION: GK stereotactic radiosurgery as a primary treatment modality for large @entity5513 can provide acceptable @entity5 control rates with good @entity393 , and low complication rates.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for large XXXX : a Canadian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'VS']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve and hearing preservation', 'Facial nerve or hearing preservation']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: @entity308 in the elderly is characterized by a prolonged course and resistance to pharmacological treatment. Moreover, in old age sensitivity to the anticholinergic and cardiac side-effects of tricyclic antidepressants ( @entity2974 ) increases. Recently new antidepressants with fewer side-effects have been developed. Of these, @entity3346 and @entity5079 have been particularly recommended for the treatment of @entity308 in older @entity1 . However, the effects of these new compounds on @entity308 are similar to those of the older @entity2974 's, leaving a substantial number of elderly @entity1 with resistant @entity308 . While there are many publications on the potentiation of the effect of @entity2974 's by @entity3486 , there is little data on the potentiation of the effects of @entity3346 and of @entity5079 by @entity1091 , and no reports of their combined use in elderly @entity1 . Birkhimer et al. reported a case of successful treatment of @entity308 with @entity3346 and @entity1091 in a 45-year-old @entity1 . Heninger et al. successfully treated 2 treatment-refractory @entity1 (aged 52 and 58 years, respectively) with a combination of @entity5079 and @entity1091 . Price et al. reported that 85% of 12 drug-resistant @entity1 improved when treated with @entity1091 and @entity5079 , but only 22% of 9 @entity1 treated with @entity1091 and @entity3346 . We report a 73-year-old @entity1 with resistant @entity308 whose physical condition contraindicated tricyclic antidepressants, in whom the combination of @entity5079 and @entity1091 was both safe and effective.

title: [ XXXX augmentation for @entity5079 -resistant @entity308 in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['trazodone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['refractory depression', 'Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['Lithium']


abstract: We developed a new diagnostic tool for predicting the severity of @entity3681 just after injury. Since hard data obtained by diagnostic imaging techniques are still imperfect, we decided to use data from individual medical history and signs and symptoms that are part of the admission routine. During a three month-period data were collected on thirty-five @entity1 with lateral @entity3681 who visited the first aid department of the University Hospital of Maastricht. Assessments took place at admission and at two and four weeks after injury. Assessors were the first-aid physician, a physiotherapist and the @entity1 . Dependent variables were healed ankle in two and four weeks. Predicting variables were the data obtained at admission by the physician, the physiotherapist and the @entity1 . The ability to predict outcome after two and four weeks was determined in a bivariate analysis, followed by logistic modelling. Accurate prediction of recovery time at admission appeared to be possible. Best two weeks predictor was the modified function score, an accuracy of 97% was achieved. Four weeks prediction was most accurate when function score was used together with the report mark from the doctor and the palpation score (accuracy of 81%).

title: The prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprains']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprains']


abstract: @entity565 is a chronic @entity32 in which respiratory @entity1800 frequently trigger exacerbations. Current treatment of @entity565 with combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long acting @entity2263 agonists improves @entity565 control and reduces exacerbations but what impact this might have on innate anti-viral immunity is unclear. We investigated the in vitro effects of @entity565 drugs on innate anti-viral immunity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and asthmatic donors were cultured for 24 hours with the @entity6438 agonist, @entity553 , or rhinovirus 16 (RV16) in the presence of @entity4184 and/or @entity6410 . Production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of anti-viral intracellular signalling molecules were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In PBMC from healthy donors, @entity4184 alone inhibited @entity371 and @entity650 production induced by @entity553 in a concentration-dependent manner and the degree of inhibition was amplified when @entity4184 and @entity6410 were used in combination. @entity6410 alone had little effect on these parameters, except at high concentrations (10       M) when @entity650 production increased. In RV16 stimulated PBMC, the combination of @entity4184 and @entity6410 inhibited @entity686 and @entity371 production in asthmatic as well as healthy donors. Combination of @entity4184 and @entity6410 also inhibited RV16-stimulated expression of the type I IFN induced genes myxovirus protein A and 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetise. Notably, RV16 stimulated lower levels of type Myxovirus A and oligoadenylate synthase in PBMC of @entity748 than control donors. These in vitro studies demonstrate that combinations of drugs commonly used in @entity565 therapy inhibit both early pro-inflammatory cytokines and key aspects of the type I IFN pathway. These findings suggest that @entity4184 and @entity6410 curtail excessive @entity32 induced by @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity565 , but whether this inhibits viral clearance in vivo remains to be determined.

title: @entity4184 and XXXX reduce early innate anti-viral immune responses in vitro.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory airways disease', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rhinovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity553 :: ('MESH:C056493', 'Chemical') :: ['imiquimod']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol', 'formoterol']

answer: @entity6410 :: (MESH:C012629,Chemical) :: ['formoterol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical features of @entity410 occurring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting are not well characterized. Adult ICU studies reveal an incidence of @entity410 ranging from 0.8% to 3.3%, with vascular, @entity209 , and drug withdrawal being the most common etiologies. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of @entity410 in @entity1 admitted to the PICU at our institution. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity410 or @entity302 , admitted to our PICU from 2002 to 2004. Of 6,820 admissions, 32 @entity1 , aged one month to 19 years had @entity410 in the PICU. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity410 was 0.5%. @entity245 or @entity1032 was present in 37% of @entity1 . @entity410 were generalized in 26 (81%), and focal in 6 (19%); 34% had @entity159 . The etiology of @entity410 was @entity302 in 11 (34%). @entity410 that do not meet the diagnosis of @entity302 were diagnosed in 21 (66%) including post-craniotomy in five (23%), @entity410 in three (14%), @entity198 in three (14%), and @entity1276 in three (14%). Thirty-one @entity1 (97%) were initially treated with either @entity2934 or @entity15992 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity410 in PICU have different clinical characteristics from those in adults. Recognizing the common @entity410 etiologies in PICU is likely to lead to a more prompt and effective treatment. Antiepileptic drug prophylaxis may be useful in post-craniotomy @entity1 . A neurological consultation and EEG evaluation are of the utmost importance to help rule in or out @entity302 in the PICU.

title: XXXX in the pediatric intensive care unit setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity15992 :: ('MESH:C043114', 'Chemical') :: ['fosphenytoin']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goals were to compare duration of labor at term for (1) @entity1 with @entity1468 versus normotensive nulliparous @entity1 and (2) nulliparous @entity1 with @entity1468 who received @entity1760 for @entity410 prophylaxis versus those who did not. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all nulliparous, term vaginal deliveries from 1989 through 1995 at University of California, San Francisco. The perinatal database and medical records were reviewed for information on duration of labor, maternal and labor characteristics, and neonatal outcomes. The chi2 odds ratio, and Student t tests were used to compare categoric and continuous variables between @entity1 with @entity1468 and control @entity1 and between @entity1 with @entity1468 who did and those who did not receive @entity1760 . Logistic regression was used to evaluate variables predictive of labor duration. RESULTS: Our study subjects were 4083 normotensive nulliparous @entity1 and 154 @entity1 with @entity1468 . A sample size calculation revealed that 1764 normotensive control subjects were needed to show a 10% difference in labor duration with 80% power and alpha of 0.05. Among @entity1 with @entity1468 , 93 (60%) were treated with @entity1760 and 61 (40%) were not. More @entity1 with @entity1468 than normotensive @entity1 had induction of labor and received epidural anesthesia, prostaglandin gel, and @entity398 (P <.003). Total labor duration did not differ between @entity1 with @entity1468 and normotensive @entity1 (P =.15) or between @entity1 with @entity1468 who received @entity1760 and those who did not (P =.09). In comparison with normotensive @entity1 , those with @entity1468 had a higher rate of postpartum @entity548 (31% vs 22%, P =.005), and the rate was even higher among preeclamptic @entity1 treated with @entity1760 versus those who received no @entity1760 (34% vs 26%, P =.002). Logistic regression, with @entity26320 (>12 hours) used as the outcome variable, indicated that epidural anesthesia (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.9-2. 6), @entity398 (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.6-2.2), and persistent occipitoposterior presentation (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.4) were associated with @entity1162 , whereas @entity1468 (odds ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1. 1) and treatment with @entity1760 were not (odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.9-1.4). Induction (odds ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.6) and birth weight <2500 g (odds ratio 0. 5, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.8) were associated with faster labor. CONCLUSIONS: In term nulliparous @entity1 , neither @entity1468 nor @entity1760 prophylaxis affected labor duration.

title: Effect of XXXX prophylaxis and @entity1468 on the duration of labor.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged labor']

entities_list: @entity26320 :: ('MESH:D029597', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged first stage of labor']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: This study describes a simple, reliable, highly sensitive and quantitative fluorescence microplate-assay of @entity274 from activated leukocytes using a novel @entity1641 radish peroxidase (HRP) substrate @entity42360 ( @entity42360 ). Unlike the widely used fluorescent HRP substrate @entity42361 , @entity42360 is non-fluorescent and becomes highly fluorescent upon HRP-catalyzed @entity274 oxidation. Using 50 microM @entity42360 , the change in fluorescence due to @entity274 generated from @entity1359 -activated @entity1 @entity1712 and neutrophils is found to have a linear cell dose response up to 1.5 x 10(4) and 5 x 10(4) cells, respectively. The increase in fluorescence from @entity42360 is specifically due to @entity274 generation since it is inhibitable by catalase. Oxidized @entity42360 is found to be highly stable and the @entity274 dose response is linear as long as the ratio of @entity42360 : @entity274 in the reaction mixture is higher than five. Unlike @entity42361 , @entity42360 has a very low background, which changes little with time. In addition, the high fluorescent yield of oxidized @entity42360 results in an increased sensitivity for the detection of @entity274 . When the concentrations of @entity42360 and HRP were 10 microM and 0.2 U/ml, respectively, as low as 2 pmol of @entity274 could be reliably measured. The sensitivity of @entity42360 / @entity274 assay is found to be at least 10-fold higher than with @entity42361 as the HRP substrate. The protocol described in this study using @entity42360 to measure @entity274 release from activated granulocytes can be easily adapted to other cell types which generate @entity274 .

title: A highly sensitive fluorescent micro-assay of XXXX release from activated @entity1 leukocytes using a dihydroxyphenoxazine derivative.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity42360 :: ('MESH:C105363', 'Chemical') :: ['A6550', 'N-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine']

entities_list: @entity42361 :: ('MESH:D012603', 'Chemical') :: ['scopoletin']

answer: @entity274 :: (CHEBI:16240,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity5074 levels have been associated with a higher failure rate in @entity1 with confirmed @entity364 . METHODS: Steady-state plasma trough @entity5074 levels were measured after at least 5 days of therapy in 87 @entity1 with @entity1583 on 201 separate occasions (1-5 levels per @entity1 ; median, 2). Most @entity1 (90%) had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The daily @entity5074 dose, administered in 2 divided doses, was 200 mg (n = 4), 400 mg (n = 151), 500 mg (n = 20), 600 mg (n = 18), and 800 mg (n = 8); corresponding to 2.0-16.3 (median, 5.4) mg/kg. Plasma @entity5074 levels were 0-12.5 microg/mL (median, 1.2). @entity5074 was undetectable (<0.2 mug/mL) in 15%. RESULTS: The correlation between dose and levels was weak (r = 0.14; P = .045). The median absolute daily drug dose (400 mg) was identical in groups of @entity1 with levels of 0, 0.2 to 0.5, >0.5 to 2.0, >2.0 to 5.0, and >5.0. Whereas the daily drug dose in mg/kg was significantly higher when the levels were >5.0 microg/mL, there was no consistent relation between dose and level below that threshold. In adult @entity1 getting standard doses of @entity5074 orally, the drug levels are highly variable. Based on limited available data, between a quarter and two-thirds of these levels could potentially be associated with a lower likelihood of response or a higher likelihood of failure. CONCLUSIONS: Future @entity5074 studies should incorporate prospective therapeutic drug monitoring and consideration should be given to checking levels in @entity1 receiving the drug for confirmed, life-threatening @entity364 .

title: Monitoring plasma XXXX levels may be necessary to avoid subtherapeutic levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: Since 1982, mature and immature @entity44 have been recruited into the MAHO and MAKEI protocols of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) for testicular and non-testicular germ cell @entity5 in order to study the epidemiology and clinical behaviour of @entity44 . @entity1 were registered in the epidemiologic German Childrens Cancer Registry and the GPOH Childrens Tumor Registry for pathological review. @entity1 with @entity44 grade 2 and 3 according to Gonzales-Crussi were eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy. The consecutive protocols MAKEI 83/86/89 have been published previously in detail (Klin Paediatr 1997; 209: 228-234, Med Pediat Oncol 1998; 31: 8-15) and will be compared to the data of MAKEI 96. For this comparison, 274 @entity1 from MAKEI 83/86/89 and 261 @entity1 from MAKEI 96 are evaluable. RESULTS: 1) EFS after complete @entity5 resection has been estimated to 0.96 +/- 0.01 in both observation periods. 2) Incomplete @entity5 resection remains the main risk factor for relapse (EFS 0.55 +/- 0.09). 3) The relapse rate declined from 13.9 % in MAKEI 83/86/89 to 9.5 % in MAKEI 96. 4) In MAKEI 83/86/89 four newborns with @entity44 died due to perioperative complications and nine @entity1 as a result of @entity5 progression, whereas in MAKEI 96 no newborn died, only one @entity1 died from @entity5 progression, and another @entity1 died during long time observation for another reason ( @entity693 ). 5) In accordance to the experience of the MAKEI 83/86/89 studies, no @entity1 of the MAKEI 96 study presented with yolk sac @entity5 at recurrence if adjuvant chemotherapy was administered during first-line treatment because of @entity44 . In contrast, more than half of the @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence after watch and wait strategy had yolk sac @entity5 in addition to @entity44 .

title: The malignant potential of @entity44 in infancy and childhood: the MAKEI experiences in non-testicular XXXX and implications for a new protocol.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity', 'teratoma', 'teratomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity882 is not widely recognized as a potential dialyzer-related complication. Following the observation of significant @entity882 among 20 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis in a single dialysis unit after the introduction of dialyzers sterilized by electron beam (e-beam), a larger investigation was undertaken. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and etiology of @entity882 in hemodialysis populations of 2 Canadian provinces (British Columbia and Alberta). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A cohort study of @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis in British Columbia (n = 1706) and southern Alberta (n = 425) between April 1, 2009, and November 30, 2010. Retrospective analyses of historical @entity1 , laboratory, and dialyzer data predating conversion to e-beam dialyzers were undertaken, with prospective collection of predialysis and postdialysis platelet counts before and after the change from e-beam to non-e-beam sterilized dialyzers in September 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Significant @entity882 , defined a priori as postdialysis treatment platelet count of less than 100   10(3)/ L and a postdialysis decrease in platelet count of more than 15%. RESULTS: Among 1706 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis in British Columbia, 1411 (83%) were undergoing hemodialysis with e-beam sterilized dialyzers. Of 1706 @entity1 , 194 (11.4%; 95% CI, 9.9%-12.9%) had postdialysis platelet counts of less than 100   10(3)/ L; 400 (23.4%; 95% CI, 21.5%-25.5%) had postdialysis decreases in platelet counts of more than 15%; and 123 (7.2%; 95% CI, 6.0%-8.6%) met both criteria. Among 425 @entity1 in Alberta undergoing dialysis with @entity2264 , e-beam sterilized dialyzers made by a different manufacturer, 46 (10.8%; 95% CI, 8.1%-14.3%) had platelet counts of less than 100   10(3)/ L; 156 (32.0%; 95% CI, 27.6%-36.7%) had decreases in platelet counts of more than 15%; and 31 (7.3%; 95% CI, 5.1%-10.3%) met both criteria. In multivariable analysis adjusting for @entity1 and dialysis history characteristics, a significant association was observed between using an e-beam sterilized dialyzer and risk of significant @entity882 (odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% CI, 1.20-5.29; P = .02). Compared with use of e-beam sterilized dialyzers, following the change to use of non-e-beam sterilized dialyzers, among 1784 @entity1 , significant reductions were observed in postdialysis @entity882 (120 @entity1 [6.7%; 95% CI, 5.6%-8.0%; P < .001] had platelet counts of <100   10(3)/ L; 167 @entity1 [9.4%; 95% CI, 8.1%-10.8%; P < .001] had decreases in platelet counts of >15%; and 38 @entity1 [2.1%; 95% CI, 1.5%-2.9%; P < .001] met both criteria). Using generalized estimating equation modeling for repeated data with binary outcome, after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics, the odds of significant @entity882 were higher during the use of e-beam sterilized dialyzers than with use of non-e-beam sterilized dialyzers (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.54-5.04; P < .001). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis in 2 Canadian provinces in 2009-2010, the use of e-beam sterilized dialyzers was associated with significant @entity882 following dialysis.

title: Use of electron-beam sterilized hemodialysis membranes and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity490 is a top chief complaint of @entity1 presenting to @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Historically, uncertainty surrounded correct management. Evidence has shown adequate analgesia does not obscure the diagnosis, making it the standard of care. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate trends in treatment of @entity490 in an academic @entity341 during a 10-year period. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated a convenience sample of @entity1 in an urban academic tertiary care hospital @entity341 from September 2000 through April 2010. Adult @entity1 presenting with a chief complaint of @entity490 were included in this study. Analgesic administration rates and times, @entity158 scores, and @entity1 satisfaction at discharge were analyzed to evaluate trends by year. RESULTS: There were 2,646 @entity1 presenting with @entity490 who were enrolled during the study period. Rates of analgesic administration generally increased each year from 39.9% in 2000 to 65.5% in 2010 (p value for trend <0.001). Similarly, time to analgesic administration generally decreased by year, from 116 min in 2000 to 81 min in 2009 (p < 0.001). There was no improvement in mean @entity158 scores at discharge by year (p = 0.27) and 48% of @entity1 during the 10-year period still reported moderate to severe @entity158 at discharge. @entity1 satisfaction with @entity158 treatment increased from a score of 7.1 to 9.0 during the study period (p < 0.005), following the trend of increase in analgesic administration. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity490 , analgesia administration increased and time to medication decreased during the 10-year period. Despite overall improvements in satisfaction, significant numbers of @entity1 presenting with @entity490 still reported moderate to severe @entity158 at discharge.

title: Longitudinal trends in the treatment of XXXX in an academic emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Departments']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic repair of a @entity357 (>50% of the stomach above the diaphragm) is associated with short-term recurrence rates of 12% to 42%. Recurrent @entity357 often have significantly altered anatomy, making laparoscopic repair challenging. We hypothesized that increasing intra-abdominal esophageal length by means of Collis wedge gastroplasty, complete fat-pad dissection, @entity547 , and primary reinforced crural repair would minimize short-term recurrence and provide adequate symptomatic relief. METHODS: From January 1, 2001, though May 1, 2005, 61 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic repair of a giant or recurrent @entity357 with a Collis wedge gastroplasty and Nissen fundoplication. Symptomatic outcomes were assessed with a validated questionnaire (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life). We obtained postoperative radiographic imaging to objectively assess anatomic results at a median of 1.13 years. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 , 12 (20%) were referred to our institution after previous repairs. Operating time averaged 308 +/- 103 minutes. The median hospital stay was 4 days. @entity260 occurred in 5 (8.2%) @entity1 . One (1.6%) @entity1 died of @entity299 . Postoperatively, 52 (85%) @entity1 completed the questionnaire with mean a Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire score of 1.15 +/- 2.78 (scale, 0-45; 0 = asymptomatic). Overall, 51 (98%) of the 52 respondents were satisfied with their surgical outcome. Postoperative radiographic data were available for 54 (89%) @entity1 . We identified no recurrences at 1-month follow-up, and only 4.7% (2/42) had evidence of radiographic recurrence at 1 year or more. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent use of a Collis wedge gastroplasty with reinforced crural repair minimizes short-term recurrence after minimally invasive @entity357 repair. Symptomatic results are excellent in most @entity1 .

title: Wedge gastroplasty and reinforced crural repair: important components of laparoscopic giant or recurrent XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['giant hiatal hernia', 'hiatal hernias', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia-sac excision']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity162 ( @entity162 ) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and factors contributing to its burden include chronic relapsing course, comorbidity, suicide risk, and early @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ). In particular, recent investigation has shown that @entity162 onset may occur earlier than previously believed, even though whether BDI and II are different in such regard is still debated. Reduced samples may, moreover, limit the confidence in the published studies, with geographic issues, in turn, representing potentially conditioning factors. The present review was aimed to select and analyze large sample studies comparing @entity22072 in BDI vs II @entity1 . METHODS: A PubMed literature search was performed, considering English-written articles published up to December 2015, comparing @entity22072 in BDI vs II @entity1 with sample size>= 100 subjects per group. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were considered suitable for revision, with 8 studies reporting statistically significant differences and 9 not. Among studies reporting statistically significant differences, mostly conducted in Europe, 6 showed an earlier @entity22072 in BDI, while 2 in BDII subjects. LIMITATIONS: Only studies with large samples included, considering @entity22072 as a continuous variable, and providing a comparison between the bipolar subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity22072 per se does not seem to reliably differentiate BDI from BDII @entity1 and that such variable should likely be investigated in the context of other clinical characteristics, in order to assess its overall influence over @entity162 course. Geographic factors may, in turn, play a potential role with future investigation warranted to further explore this specific issue.

title: Age at onset in XXXX with @entity162 : a comparison of large sample studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity22072 :: ('MESH:C564653', 'Disease') :: ['age at onset', 'AAO']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The minimum dose required to electively irradiate all of part of the low neck for @entity957 of the oropharynx is 50 Gy in 25 fractions or its radiobiological equivalent. The purpose of our study is to determine the incidence of @entity1375 when the thyroid is treated only in the low-neck radiotherapy (RT) field to approximately 50 Gy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 390 @entity1 with @entity189 received RT between 1990 and 2000, had no prior @entity1374 or surgery, and had RT involving the standard anterior low-neck field including the thyroid with a dose equivalent to 50 Gy at 2Gy/fx with or without a boost to a portion of the field to 60 to 70 Gy. The end point was @entity1375 defined as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) above the upper limit of the normal range. RESULTS: As we did not routinely monitor TSH during this study, it was obtained in 169 of 390 @entity1 . Median follow-up on all 390 @entity1 was 6.1 years. The incidence of @entity1375 was calculated for 2 groups: 169 @entity1 with TSH data and the total population of 390 @entity1 . For both analyses, @entity1 were censored at last follow-up if the TSH level was normal, or if TSH was not checked. The incidence of @entity1375 at 5 years was 31% for all 390 @entity1 and 54% for the subset of 169 @entity1 with TSH data. Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or planned neck dissection may be associated with a small increased risk of @entity1375 . CONCLUSIONS: Including the thyroid in the low-neck field to 50 Gy results in @entity1375 in 30% to 50% of @entity1 at 5 years, suggesting that the threshold for this complication is <50 Gy.

title: XXXX when the thyroid is included only in the low neck field during head and neck radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECT: Spinal @entity3 with @entity602 is a frequent complication in @entity5 @entity1 . As the spinal compression frequently occurs ventrally, performing a simple posterior laminectomy alone is generally ineffective and dangerous. Many aggressive surgical strategies have been developed to improve outcomes for @entity1 with metastatic spine disease. These strategies are associated with high morbidity and complication rates, especially in @entity1 with numerous @entity5 -associated comorbidities, which can limit their indication in @entity1 with a limited life expectancy. The authors performed a prospective evaluation of minimally invasive decompression and stabilization for the palliative management of symptomatic thoracolumbar spine @entity3 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity3 to the thoracolumbar spine and neurological compromise underwent minimally invasive transpedicular vertebrectomy and spinal cord decompression through a tubular expandable retractor. Percutaneous stabilization was also systematically performed to ensure spinal stability. RESULTS: No complications during the procedure were reported. The mean operative duration was 170 minutes and the mean estimated @entity190 was 400 ml. The postoperative course of all @entity1 was uneventful, with the exception of 1 benign urinary tract infection. Eight @entity1 (80%) improved at least 1 Frankel grade. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive treatment of thoracolumbar spine @entity3 is a safe and effective palliative option in @entity1 with limited life expectancy, to limit morbidity and preserve quality of life.

title: Minimally invasive decompression and stabilization for the management of thoracolumbar spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) induced by left main @entity432 . METHODS: Between January 1995 and June 2010, there were 28 @entity583 @entity1 [24 males, mean age (61.5    2.3) years, 15 @entity1 complicated with @entity299 ] with left main occlusion or severe @entity850 who were treated with PCI in our center. The clinical features were compared between death group and survival group. All survival cases were prospectively followed up for the occurrence of major adverse @entity299 . RESULTS: Totally 25 @entity1 received stent implantation, 2 received balloon dilation followed by coronary artery bypass graft, and 1 @entity1 died during PCI. Total in-hospital mortality was 35.7% (10/28), and mortality was 53.3% (8/15) in @entity299 @entity1 . Compared with survival group, ratio of @entity299 [80.0% (8/10) vs.38.9% (7/18), P < 0.05] and poor collateral circulation flow [100% (10/10) vs. 33.3% (6/18), P < 0.01] were higher in death group, and there was no significant difference in TIMI 3 grade of forward flow post procedure (P > 0.05). Hospital stay was (22.1    2.6) days and the cumulative survival was 64.3% during 3 months follow up for survival group. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term clinical outcome is favorable for survived @entity583 @entity1 with left main disease who underwent PCI. The ratio of @entity299 and poor collateral circulation flow are risk factors for in-hospital death in @entity583 @entity1 with left main disease who underwent PCI.

title: [Single center experience of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on left main disease complicated by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac shock']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery total or subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The role of parotidectomy and neck dissection in the management of @entity957 (SCC) of the head and neck is not as well defined as the role in operations of upper aerodigestive tract and salivary glands. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature regarding head and neck cutaneous SCC with respect to implications of parotid and cervical @entity3 . RECENT FINDINGS: A subset of head and neck cutaneous SCCs are aggressive. Parotid and cervical nodal involvement represents a poor prognosis. Assessment of nodal and parotid involvement allows the surgeon to identify @entity1 at risk for locoregional recurrence and poor survival. Overexpression of the @entity470 is present in @entity1 with lymphatic @entity3 . Surgical treatment is expanding, to include a spectrum ranging from sentinel lymph node biopsy to lymphoscintigraphy-specific lymphadenectomy in clinically negative necks. In addition to established cervical nodal basins of levels I-VI, parotid, buccal, and external jugular basins are relevant in managing these @entity1 . Application of radiation therapy in an adjuvant setting provides enhanced local regional control in @entity1 with positive parotid and neck nodes. SUMMARY: The identification of 'high-risk' @entity1 with head and neck cutaneous SCC is imperative to improve @entity1 outcome. Surgical management of the parotid and neck are important aspects of management of the high-risk @entity1 . Application of radiation in the adjuvant setting improves locoregional disease control for @entity1 with positive parotid and cervical nodes. Enhanced understanding of @entity470 may allow for improved therapeutic strategies.

title: Metastatic XXXX to the parotid and cervical lymph nodes: treatment and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity29986 has rarely been reported. @entity602 caused by the complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas has not been reported. This case report describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of a @entity602 due to the complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old Japanese @entity1 experienced @entity158 in his nuchal region with progressive @entity508 , @entity1183 and @entity1183 in his upper and lower limbs. Deep tendon reflexes in his upper and lower limbs were increased. The complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas and @entity8432 were found in a roentgenogram. Magnetic resonance imaging detected high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in his spinal cord at the level of cervical vertebrae 1 to 2. Our @entity1 underwent posterior occipito-C4 fixation with pedicle screws. After the operation, the @entity158 in his nuchal region disappeared and his symptoms of @entity602 improved. Only slight @entity1183 of his upper limbs remained. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of @entity602 due to the complete absence of the posterior arch of the atlas.

title: Cervical myelopathy caused by @entity8432 in a XXXX with an os odontoideum and total aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas: a case report.

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial instability']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness', 'hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'Myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity29986 :: ('OMIM:300200', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital hypoplasia of the atlas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSES: To compare an intensive smoking cessation intervention against usual care in hospitalized high-risk smokers with @entity65 . METHODS: A total of 209 hospitalized smokers were randomized to the intensive intervention (n = 109) or to usual care (n = 100). Usual care consisted only of counseling and printed educational material provided prior to hospital discharge. Intensive treatment consisted of a minimum of 12 weeks of behavior modification counseling and individualized pharmacotherapy provided at no cost to the @entity1 . Smoking status in all subjects was confirmed biochemically (ie, by measuring expired @entity1223 ) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization. Outcomes included point prevalence and continuous abstinence smoking cessation rates, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: At each follow-up interval, point prevalence and continuous abstinence smoking cessation rates were significantly greater in the intensive-treatment group compared to the usual-care group. At 24 months, continuous abstinence smoking cessation rates were 33% in the intensive-treatment group and 9% in the usual-care group (p < 0.0001). Over the 2-year follow-up period, 41 @entity1 in the usual-care group were hospitalized compared to 25 @entity1 in the intensive-treatment group (relative risk reduction [RRR], 44%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16 to 63%; p = 0.007). The all-cause mortality rate was 2.8% in the intensive-treatment group and 12.0% in the usual-care group (RRR, 77%; 95% CI, 27 to 93%; p = 0.014). The absolute risk reduction in mortality was 9.2% with a number needed to treat of 11. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized smokers, especially those with @entity65 , should undergo treatment with a structured intensive cessation intervention. The duration of the initial treatment should be 3 months.

title: Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'acute cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: We previously have shown that chronic @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) loading protects against @entity3143 -induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity235 . To determine whether @entity1219 loading protects against an @entity63 model of @entity810 , unilateral @entity177 was produced by the infusion of @entity1063 (NE) into the renal artery of both saline-expanded (SE) and @entity457 ( @entity457 ) @entity235 (n = 7). The renal @entity1122 content (30 U/g kidney) of SE @entity235 was suppressed (P less than 0.001) compared to that of @entity457 @entity235 (132 +/- 18). Forty-eight hours after infusion of NE (1.5 microgram/kg per min X 100 min), inulin clearances from the infused kidney of SE (6 ml/min +/- 2) and @entity457 @entity235 (7 +/- 2) did not differ; in both groups, respective clearances from the noninfused kidney (43 ml/min +/- 3) and (36 +/- 5) also did not differ from each other. The present fall in renal blood flow to the infused kidney 48 hours after NE in SE (44%) and @entity457 @entity235 (38%) did not differ. Because of failure to demonstrate protection, a lower dose of NE (0.75 microgram/kg per min X 40 min) was infused into SE and @entity457 animals (n = 6). Forty-eight hours after low dose NE, inulin clearances of the infused kidney of SE (17 ml/min +/- 5) and @entity457 @entity235 (17 +/- 4) did not differ. Respective clearances in the noninfused kidney of SE (46 ml/min +/- 6) and @entity457 @entity235 (35 +/- 4) did not differ. Therefore, despite suppression of renal @entity1122 content, @entity1219 loading failed to protect against this @entity63 model of @entity810 . In conclusion, unlike @entity3143 -induced @entity810 , it is unlikely that the @entity1122 angiotensin system contributes to the pathogenesis of this @entity63 model of @entity810 .

title: Failure of chronic @entity2827 loading to protect against @entity1063 -induced XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['water-drinking', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: Major policies, regulations, and practice patterns related to interventional @entity158 management are dependent on Medicare policies which include national coverage policies - @entity204 ( @entity204 ), and local coverage policies - @entity204 ( @entity204 ). The @entity204 are Medicare coverage policies issued by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( @entity25266 ). The process used by the @entity25266 in deciding what is and what is not medically necessary is lengthy, involving a review of evidence-based literature on the subject, expert opinion, and public comments. In contrast, @entity204 are rules and Medicare coverage that are issued by regional contractors and fiscal intermediaries when an NCD has not addressed the policy at issue. The evidence utilized in preparing @entity204 includes the highest level of evidence which is based on published authoritative evidence derived from definitive randomized clinical trials or other definitive studies, and general acceptance by the medical community (standard of practice), as supported by sound medical evidence. In addition, the intervention must be safe and effective and appropriate including duration and frequency that is considered appropriate for the item or service in terms of whether it is furnished in accordance with accepted standards of medical practice for the diagnosis or treatment of the @entity1 's condition or to improve the function. In addition, the safe and effective provision includes that service must be furnished in a setting appropriate to the @entity1 's medical needs and condition, ordered and furnished by qualified personnel, the service must meet, but does not exceed, the @entity1 's medical need, and be at least as beneficial as an existing and available medically appropriate alternative. The @entity204 are prepared with literature review, state medical societies, and carrier advisory committees (CACs) of which interventional @entity158 management is a member. The @entity204 may be appealed by beneficiaries. The @entity204 are prepared by the @entity25266 following a request for a national coverage decision after an appropriate national coverage request along with a draft decision memorandum, and public comments. After the request, the staff review, external technology assessment, Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee (MedCAC) assessment, public comments, a draft decision memorandum may be posted which will be followed by a final decision and implementation instructions. This decision may be appealed to the department appeals board, but may be difficult to reverse. This manuscript describes @entity204 and @entity204 and the process of development, their development, issues related to the development, and finally their relation to interventional @entity158 management.

title: Value-based interventional XXXX management: a review of medicare national and local coverage determination policies.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['LCDs', 'NCDs', 'national coverage determinations', 'local coverage determinations']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate the response to treatment in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) according to clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features, as well as to address the clinical significance of each finding. One hundred fifty-nine @entity1072 @entity1 with either advanced Rai stage III or IV (81 @entity1 ) or progressive Rai stage 0 to II (78 @entity1 ) were treated with @entity3118 (30 mg/m2/d intravenously every day for 5 days) plus @entity229 (30 mg/m2/d orally daily for 5 days). Thirty-six @entity1 were previously untreated. The response rates were 12% complete response (CR), 30% nodular complete response (nCR), and 18% partial response (PR). In all @entity1 who achieved a complete response (both CR and nCR) less than 30% of nucleated cells were lymphocytes on marrow aspirate differential analysis; however, nCR @entity1 had residual nodular and/or interstitial lymphocyte involvement on marrow biopsy examination. There was no evidence of @entity2617 on marrow biopsy examination in CR @entity1 . With a median follow-up of 35 months, comparison of time to progression in the CR and nCR groups at 2 years showed a projected 87% versus 55% progression-free survival (P less than .03). @entity66 assessment by flow cytometry using simultaneous dual-color staining on blood and marrow lymphocytes was also performed on each @entity1 . @entity66 was determined by the expression of @entity5893 on B lymphocytes and the monoclonality of surface light-chain expression. After six courses of @entity3118 plus @entity229 , no @entity66 was detected by flow cytometry in 89% of the CRs, 51% of the nCRs, and 19% of the PRs. Clinical @entity66 in PR @entity1 with no @entity66 detectable by flow cytometry was limited to lymph-adenopathy. Time to progression at 2 years was longer in CR and nCR @entity1 having no @entity66 detected by flow cytometry (84% v 39% 2-year progression-free survival, P less than .001). Posttreatment lg gene rearrangement analysis using JH, J kappa, and @entity5999 probes demonstrated no rearranged bands and a return to the germline configuration in five of seven CRs and two of eight nCRs studied. The molecular studies were concordant with the dual-parameter immunophenotype results and none of the @entity1 who reverted to a germline DNA pattern after treatment have experienced relapse. The absence of detectable minimal @entity66 by bone marrow biopsy, dual-color flow cytometry, and lg gene rearrangement analysis is achieveable in @entity1072 with @entity3118 and is predictive of the response duration.

title: Response assessment in XXXX after @entity3118 plus @entity229 : clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the reliability and the role of percutaneous needle biopsy in the diagnosis of renal masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 85 biopsies were performed in 74 @entity1 (mean age: 62 +/- 14 years). The median @entity5 diameter was 4.44 +/- 2.53 cm. Biopsies were performed with an 18G @entity24232 * needle with CT guidance. 2 to 4 cores were obtained per @entity1 . All biopsies were performed as an outpatient procedure. RESULTS: Biopsies were uninterpretable in 15 cases (17%) (13 with normal or no renal tissue and 2 necrotic samples). A benign lesion was detected in 8 cases (4 fibrous lesions, 4 @entity166 ). In 3 cases, biopsies were suspicious of @entity5 , which was confirmed on definitive histology. In 59 cases, biopsies were neoplastic: 6 benign @entity5 (4 oncocytomas, 1 @entity359 , 1 @entity9296 ), 42 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) (conventional: 32, chromophobe: 3, tubulopapillary: 7), 5 @entity189 , 3 metastases, 2 @entity706 and 1 @entity242 . The median F  rhman grade was 2. 30 @entity1358 were operated. The correlation coefficient for the biopsy and pathology histological type was 0.90. The median pathological F  rhman grade was 2. The biopsy results modified therapeutic management in 38% of cases. There was no morbidity, post-biopsy medical management was never required. CONCLUSION: Biopsy of renal masses is reliable for evaluation of the histological type. The introduction of the CT scope should increase the accuracy of biopsies. The morbidity is low compared to that of diagnostic surgery.

title: [CT-guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy of solid XXXX of the kidney].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Forgetting to take medications is an important cause of nonadherence. This study evaluated factors associated with forgetting to take medications in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) participating in the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS). Relationships among adherence problems and service utilization (outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations) were also evaluated. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 834 LOS @entity1 who provided self-reported frequency of forgetting to take medications as directed. Predictors of adherence and service utilization patterns included self-reported sociodemographics, disease-related characteristics (e.g., disease activity, recent @entity1252 flare), and mental health characteristics (Center for Epidemiologic Studies @entity308 Scale and cognitive function screen). Health care utilization patterns included the presence and quantity of visits to rheumatologists, primary care physicians, other care providers, emergency departments, and hospitalizations. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of the LOS cohort reported forgetting to take medications at least some of the time. Depressive symptom severity was a strong predictor of adherence difficulties (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.05; P < 0.0001) after accounting for all other predictors. @entity1 reporting adherence difficulties had significantly greater numbers of outpatient rheumatology and primary care visits, and were more likely to visit the emergency department (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.04; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity308 may be an important cause of medication adherence problems, and difficulties with adherence are significantly associated with high-cost service utilization, specifically emergency department visits. In an era of rapidly evolving treatments for @entity1252 , identifying @entity1 at risk for adherence problems may decrease medical expenditures and improve @entity1 outcomes in @entity1252 .

title: @entity308 , medication adherence, and service utilization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Laryngeal wound healing is essential following laryngotracheal surgery. @entity1 with poor wound healing develop poor epithelial closure and increased granulation tissue which cause a @entity850 of the repaired airway. @entity4827 has been shown to enhance wound healing in cutaneous wounds, but has never been used in the airway. This study utilized a @entity95 laryngeal wound-healing model that has been shown to be reproducible with limited morbidity. Thirty-four @entity95 underwent a cricoid-split operation with collagen sponge insertion. All animals were classified randomly into three groups: local administration of placebo (Group G1, n = 13), 0.18 microg @entity4827 (Group G2, n = 11) and of 1.0 microg @entity4827 (Group G3, n = 10). All animals survived the postoperative period without respiratory distress. The airway was harvested six days after surgery and assessed by light microscopy. Histologic evidence for healing was subjectively graded by two blinded, independent investigators, and the results were statistically analyzed for significance. A significant improvement in the epithelial closure (p < 0.01) and subepithelial connective tissue closure (p < 0.005) was found in the 1.0 microg @entity4827 group (G3) compared with the placebo group (G1). Analysis of the 0.18 microg @entity4827 group (G2) did not reveal any significant differences compared with the placebo group (G1). These results suggest an application for @entity4827 in accelerating wound healing in the larynx.

title: Improved airway healing using transforming growth factor beta-3 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4827 :: ('100358982(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta3', 'Transforming growth factor-beta3']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity5712 is a rare @entity42227 composed of primordial germ cells and sex cord-stromal cells and usually occurs in @entity1 with dysgenetic gonads. When @entity1 with @entity5712 develop an @entity3 , the invasive germ cell component can take the form of @entity5000 / @entity4797 , @entity189 , or yolk sac @entity5 . In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for @entity15693 and @entity25626 ) on 4 cases of @entity5712 to examine the expression patterns of these proteins. All of the @entity1 were phenotypically female. One @entity1 had @entity4997 , the rest had @entity2689 . The primordial germ cell component was histologically similar to cells in @entity5000 / @entity4797 in these 4 cases. Two @entity1 showed the @entity3 . As expected, @entity15693 stained the germ cells and @entity25626 stained the sex cord-stromal cells. There was a clear distinction between the staining patterns of these 2 cell populations. This study demonstrates the utility of @entity15693 and @entity25626 in determining whether or not there is an invasion in the primordial germ cell component.

title: Expression of XXXX and @entity25626 in @entity5712 : useful markers in the identification of the invasive germ cell component.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4997 :: ('MESH:D006061', 'Disease') :: ['Swyer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity42227 :: ('MESH:D018309', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive germ cell tumor', 'invasive component-dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma', 'Gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity15693 :: (57167,Gene) :: ['SALL4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND: @entity5108 represents a broad group of @entity1897 which can originate from various genetic aberrations, e.g. mutations, deletions and duplications. SOURCES OF DATA: We performed a literature review on @entity19 animal models of @entity66 with regard to experimental therapeutic approaches. Hereby, we focussed on the demyelinating subforms of CMT ( @entity32852 ). PubMed items were CMT, animal model, @entity17 and therapy. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: @entity1 affected by CMT suffer from slowly progressive, distally pronounced @entity2057 caused by an axonal loss. The disease severity is highly variable and impairments may result in wheelchair boundness. No therapy is available yet. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Numerous rodent models for the various CMT subtypes are available today. The selection of the correct animal model for the specific CMT subtype provides an important prerequisite for the successful translation of experimental findings in @entity1 . GROWING POINTS: Despite more than 20 years of remarkable progress in CMT research, the disease is still left untreatable. There is a growing number of experimental therapeutic strategies that may be translated into future clinical trials in @entity1 with CMT. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: The slow disease progression and insensitive outcome measures hamper clinical therapy trials in CMT. Biomarkers may provide powerful tools to monitor therapeutic efficacy. Recently, we have shown that transcriptional profiling can be utilized to assess and predict the disease severity in a transgenic @entity35 model and in affected @entity1 .

title: @entity19 therapeutic models for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CMT disease']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['inherited motor and sensory neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease']


abstract: Pathogenic mechanisms involved in @entity82 of various organs share many common features. Myofibroblasts are thought to play a major role in @entity82 through excessive deposition of extracellular matrix during wound healing processes. Myofibroblasts are observed in @entity75 , and whereas these derive from the hepatic stellate cells in liver, in lung they appear to originate from fibroblasts. The source of these fibroblasts has been the object of numerous studies over the recent years and points towards multiple sources. First of all, resident fibroblasts are thought to differentiate into the more contractile myofibroblasts, secreting many extracellular matrix proteins. Secondly, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial cells may also account for increased numbers of fibroblasts, though in vivo evidence in @entity1 tissue is still scarce. Thirdly, the enigmatic fibrocytes, stemming from the bone marrow, may also account for increasing numbers of fibroblasts in @entity75 . These pathogenic processes are further augmented by the generation of so-called alternatively activated macrophages, which have direct and indirect effects on myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition. @entity2533 , which is produced predominantly by macrophages, plays a central role in all these processes by inducing EMT, driving differentiation of fibrocytes, and differentiation towards myofibroblasts. This review describes the potential origins and roles of these fibrotic cells in the lung and discusses models to study these cells in vitro. These models offer innovative approaches in target and drug discovery, aiming to uncover novel therapeutic targets that regulate the profibrotic phenotype of these cells.

title: Cellular players in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['lung fibrosis']


abstract: BNC105P is a tubulin polymerisation inhibitor that selectively disrupts @entity5 vasculature and suppresses cancer cell proliferation. This agent has exhibited preclinical and phase I activity in @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). This phase II, single arm trial investigated the efficacy and safety of BNC105P as second line therapy in @entity3620 . @entity1 had progressive @entity3620 after first line pemetrexed/ @entity902 chemotherapy, ECOG PS 0-1, adequate organ function, and measurable disease. BNC105P 16 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously on day 1 and 8 every 21 days until progression or undue @entity137 . The primary endpoint was centrally reviewed objective response rate (RR). @entity5 response was assessed every two cycles using modified RECIST. 30 @entity1 were enrolled in 10 months, predominantly male (90%), ECOG PS 1 (77%), epithelioid histology (67%), and non-metastatic disease (67%). All @entity1 received at least one dose of study drug, with a median of 2 cycles. No significant haematologic, biochemical, or cardiac adverse events (AEs) were observed. Grade 3 or 4 AEs occurred in 10 @entity1 (33%). There were 2 deaths on study: 1 cardiorespiratory, the other to @entity55 . We observed 1 partial response (3%); 13 @entity1 had stable disease (43%). Median progression free survival was 1.5 months (95% CI 1.4-2.4); median overall survival was 8.2 months (95% CI 3.8-11.9). BNC105P was safe and tolerable. The sole response was insufficient to warrant further research as a single agent.

title: A phase II clinical trial of the vascular disrupting agent BNC105P as second line chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 @entity1718 reduces mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 , but may have adverse effects in @entity951 @entity1 . The underlying electrophysiologic mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the @entity943 and the electrophysiologic changes during regional @entity63 in hearts from @entity1707 fed a diet rich in fish oil. METHODS: @entity1707 received diets rich in fish oil, in sunflower oil, or a control diet for 8 weeks. Hearts were isolated and perfused. @entity63 was created by occluding the left anterior descending artery. Diastolic stimulation threshold, refractory period, conduction velocity, activation recovery intervals and the maximum downstroke velocity of 176 electrograms were measured in the ischemic zone. Spontaneous @entity943 during 75 min of regional @entity63 were counted. RESULTS: More episodes of spontaneous @entity63 -induced sustained @entity1165 and @entity2224 occurred in the fish oil and sunflower oil group than in the control group. More inexcitable myocardium was present in the ischemic zone in the group fed fish oil or sunflower oil than in the control group after 20 min of @entity63 . After 40 min of @entity63 , more @entity616 occurred in the control group than in the other groups. The downstroke velocity of the electrograms in the ischemic border zone was lower in the fish oil group and sunflower oil group than in the control after 20 min. CONCLUSIONS: A diet rich in fish oil results in proarrhythmia compared to a control diet during regional @entity63 in @entity1707 . Myocardial excitability is reduced in the fish oil and sunflower oil group during the early phase of arrhythmogenesis. In the late phase of arrhythmogenesis, excitability is more reduced in the control group than in the fish oil and sunflower oil group.

title: Dietary n-3 XXXX promote @entity943 during acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated @entity1707 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity1593 is a common @entity792 affecting 1% of the Western populations. It is an inappropriate immune response, in genetically susceptible @entity1 to dietary @entity3505 , rye, @entity2247 and oats. Treatment involves a Lifelong gluten-free diet that predisposes to low compliance due to limited variety, high cost and @entity2419 , imposing social pressure and affecting quality of life. The result is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Based on the growing actual knowledge on the intestinal inflammatory cascade, mucosal immunology and genetics of @entity1593 , new attractive potential therapies are emerging. Possibilities include: searching for low immunogenic @entity3505 variants or strains pretreated with enzymes or binders for lower @entity137 . Other strategies involve decreasing transepithelial uptake or dampening of the adaptive immune response by transglutaminase inhibitors or blockage of the HLA groove and immune modulation to shift the TH1 to TH2 profile. Developing biological therapy aims to decrease intestinal homing, adhesion and activity of inflammatory cells, counteract the pro-inflammatory cytokines, clonal intestinal T cells or mesenchymal stem cell replacement or mitogenic intestinal repair safety, cost, affordability and clinical effectiveness are of prime concern. Most of the above strategies showed promising results ex-vivo. The future will highlight the in-vivo winner.

title: [Future therapeutics in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['low palatability']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: @entity1 T-cell lines (MOLT-4 and @entity1619 ) were injected into @entity95 and monkeys (stumptail and squirrel monkeys). Rabbit anti-MOLT serum was absorbed with @entity1 liver and cultured B cells. Absorbed anti-MOLT serum was cytotoxic to lymphocytes of @entity6599 and stumptail monkeys. Rabbit anti-MOLT and @entity1619 sera after absorption with liver and B cell showed florescent ring formation in @entity3474 and stumptail lymphocytes by using immunoflurescence techniques. On the other hand, antisera against MOLT and @entity1619 cells in stumptail and squirrel monkeys were not only cytotoxic to MOLT and @entity1619 cells, but also to other T-cell lines, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB-2 cells. Cultured B-cell lines stimulated allogeneic and xenogeneic ( @entity95 and monkeys) lymphocytes far better than cultured T-cells lines did. T-cell lines, CCRF-HSB-2 and @entity1619 (number 8402), gave small but significant stimulation to allogenic lymphocytes especially in the presence of foetal calf serum. MOLT-4B failed to stimulatie allogeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes of non- @entity1 primates and @entity95 were cultured with @entity1 B- and T-cell lines in the presence of foetal calf serum, CCRF-HSB-2 and @entity1619 cells stimulated xenogeneic lymphocytes of @entity95 , squirrel monkey and stumptail monkey. MOLT-4 cells stimulated lymphocytes of @entity3474 to some extent. These results indicate that although cultured B-cell lines had more mixed lyphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulating structure than T-cell lines, the latter still maintained some stimulating structure on the membrances.

title: Membrane characteristics of established XXXX T- and B-cell lines. Cross-reactivity of human T-antigenic determinants with peripheral lymphocytes of non- @entity1 primates and the presence of MLC antigens on cultured T-cell lines.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Laparoscopic adnexectomy is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for the treatment of @entity43 . However, many physicians find it difficult to conduct the resection without @entity397 the @entity43 , especially in cases with @entity5 adhesions. In the case we are presenting, we unexpectedly encountered an @entity43 adherent to the pelvic sidewall. Because the possibility of a @entity5 could not be completely excluded, we decided to concomitantly resect the ovary and its adherent peritoneum, to avoid any potential @entity5 @entity397 due to its manipulation. We were successfully able to laparoscopically retrieve the intact @entity43 , without its @entity397 . The pathological diagnosis was of a Grade 2, FIGO stage IIb endometrioid @entity420 . As a result of this diagnosis, we performed a comprehensive staging laparoscopy. Following the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, the @entity1 has showed no signs of recurrent @entity5 after 3 years. This case report describes our technique for the surgical management of an @entity43 adherent to the pelvic wall. To avoid spillage of the @entity5 contents, the simultaneous resection of the @entity5 with its adhered peritoneum is a useful method to consider.

title: Laparoscopic adnexectomy with peritonectomy for an XXXX adhered to the pelvic sidewall.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupturing']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of both ovaries']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking is a UK public health threat but GPs can be effective in helping @entity1 to quit; consequently, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) incentivises the recording of smoking status and delivery of cessation advice in @entity1 ' medical records. This study investigates the association between smoking-related QOF targets and such recording, and the factors which influence these clinical activities. METHODS: For 2000 to 2008, using medical records in @entity283 ( @entity283 ) database, the annual proportions of i) @entity1 who had a record of smoking status made in the previous 27 months and ii) current smokers recorded as receiving cessation advice in the previous 15 months were calculated. Then, for all @entity1 at selected points before and after the QOF's implementation, data on gender, age, Townsend score, and smoking-related morbidity were extracted. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate individual-level characteristics associated with the recording of smoking status and cessation advice. RESULTS: Rapid increases in recording smoking status and advice occurred around the QOF's introduction in April 2004. Subsequently, compliance to targets has been sustained, although rates of increase have slowed. By 2008 64.5% of @entity1 aged 15+ had smoking status documented in the previous 27 months and 50.5% of current smokers had cessation advice recorded in the last 15 months. Adjusted odds ratios show that, both before and after the introduction of the QOF, those with chronic medical conditions, greater social deprivation and @entity1 were more likely to have a recent recording of smoking status or cessation advice. Since the QOF's introduction, the strongest characteristic associated with recording activities was the presence of co-morbidity. An example of this was @entity1 with @entity1030 , who in 2008, were 15.38 (95% CI 13.70-17.27) times and 11.72 (95% CI 10.41-13.21) times more likely to have a record of smoking status and cessation advice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of recording smoking status and cessation advice plateaued after large increases during the QOF's introduction; however, recording remains most strongly associated with the presence of @entity102 as specified by the QOF, and suggests that incentivised targets have a direct effect on clinical behaviour.

title: The impact of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) on the recording of smoking targets in primary care medical records: cross-sectional analyses from @entity283 ( XXXX ) database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['THIN', 'The Health Improvement Network']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['THIN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) is commonly used in Taiwan and other Asian countries as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated the anti-human @entity2 activity and growth inhibition mechanisms of HCT in @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells. RESULTS: In order to investigate effects of HCT on A549 cells, @entity98 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycle analysis, DAPI staining, and the Comet assay was used for DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation. Western blot analysis was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptotic related protein levels. HCT induced morphological changes including cell shrinkage and rounding. HCT increased the G0/G1 and Sub-G1 cell (apoptosis) populations and HCT increased DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation as revealed by @entity14939 staining and the Comet assay. HCT induced activation of @entity8186 and @entity522 . Fas/ @entity1197 protein levels were increased in HCT-treated A549 cells. The G0/G1 phase and apoptotic related protein levels of @entity4910 , @entity7596 , @entity8985 and @entity15308 were decreased, and @entity993 , @entity8186 and @entity522 were increased in A549 cells after HCT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that HCT-induced G0/G1 phase arrest and Fas/ @entity1197 -dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells.

title: Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract modulates G0/G1 arrest and Fas/ @entity1197 -mediated death receptor apoptotic cell death in XXXX @entity2 A549 cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The notes of 129 @entity1 investigated by intraoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy between 1973 and 1977 have been reviewed. Eighty-four of the @entity1 were operated on and punctured at the Department of Surgery, Lund, and 45 at different county hospitals belonging to the region. All aspirates were stained and evaluated at the Department of Cytodiagnostics, Lund. Sixty-four of the 75 @entity1 with @entity788 were correctly diagnosed and in another three @entity1 the cytological diagnosis was "suspicion of @entity5 ." Including these latter cases the sensitivity of the method was 91% in @entity788 . In four out of five @entity1 with endocrine @entity5 the cytological report was correct i.e., " @entity8703 ." In none of 22 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 or @entity45 the diagnosis was falsely positive. Twenty-seven @entity1 who during the operation were suspected of having a @entity660 were at follow-up (mean 2.8 years) found not to have any significant @entity660 . Among these @entity1 no falsely positive reports were given. In nine of the 129 @entity1 (7%) the aspirates even at re-checking were found to be nonrepresentative or the aspiration unsuccessful. Six of these were performed at county hospitals. In 24 @entity1 with @entity788 total pancreatectomy was performed. In the remaining 105 @entity1 no complications which could be related to the puncture were detected.

title: Intraoperative fine needle aspiration cytology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesion', 'pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Red wine @entity6398 and @entity1068 reduce fatty streak formation (early @entity731 ) in various animal models. These experimental results support the observation that alcoholic beverages protect against @entity583 in @entity1 . However, fatty streaks may not reflect the pathology of mature and clinically relevant @entity731 . The present study examined the effects of red wine @entity6398 and @entity1068 on mature @entity731 in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-four 7-week-old @entity19 were randomized to receive water, red wine (diluted to 6% @entity1068 v/v), 6% @entity1068 v/v, or red wine powder in water. All @entity19 were fed a normal chow diet. At 26 weeks of age, the @entity19 were killed. HDL @entity165 was raised 12.0% (95% CI, 4.0% to 20.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI, 1.5% to 16.9%) by red wine and @entity1068 , respectively. At the end of study, all @entity19 exhibited advanced @entity731 in the aortic bulb, whereas less mature @entity731 predominated in the brachiocephalic trunk. The amount of @entity731 in the aortic bulb and the brachiocephalic trunk were similar in all groups (P:=0.92 and P:=0.14, respectively). To evaluate whether @entity1068 or red wine @entity6398 were protective by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques rather than reducing their size, we measured the percentage of collagen-poor areas in left @entity301 as a morphological criterion of plaque stability. The percentage of collagen-poor areas did not differ between groups (P:=0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Neither @entity1068 nor red wine @entity6398 reduced mature @entity731 or changed the content of collagen in plaques in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 .

title: Red wine does not reduce mature @entity731 in XXXX -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus plaques']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3584 -fixed heterologous pericardium has been widely used for grafts in cardiac surgery. We applied it for inferior vena cava (IVC) patch grafting following combined resection of the liver and the IVC. METHODOLOGY: IVC grafting using a @entity3584 -fixed @entity1641 pericardium following combined resection of the liver and the IVC was performed in 2 @entity1 --one with @entity157 and the other with hepatic @entity3 following @entity5 . The retrohepatic vena cava defect was closed with a 10 x 5 cm patch in one @entity1 and a 7 x 4 cm patch in the other. RESULTS: Hepatic vascular exclusion was avoided in both @entity1 . The IVC exclusion period was 40 min for the first @entity1 and 25 min for the second. One @entity1 required a veno-venous bypass with an active centrifugal pump of 153 min. There was no complication and no graft infection. The microscopic extension to the IVC was evident in one @entity1 , and fibrous adhesive was evident in the IVC wall of the other. One @entity1 died of @entity1578 3 years and 6 months after surgery, and the other died of hepatic recurrence 7 months after surgery. Both grafts were patent, without @entity730 and stricture, until the @entity1 ' @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3584 -fixed heterologous pericardium is an option for IVC grafting.

title: XXXX -fixed heterologous pericardium for vena cava grafting following hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutaraldehyde', 'glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['Glutaraldehyde']