abstract: The epidemiological and clinical features of @entity2025 (RHSV) were studied. Of 108 @entity1 with @entity2025 (PHSV) who were followed up for two to 15 years 35 (32%) suffered one or more recurrent attacks. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity1 under 20 years of age, but there was no significant difference between recurrence rates in males and females. Of 35 @entity1 with RHSV 17 (49%) had one recurrent attack, 14 (40%) had between two and five, and four (11%) had between six and 15 attacks. The mean time interval between PHSV and the first four RHSV attacks was 10 months, and was shorter in subsequent attacks. The duration and severity of RHSV were reduced in successive recurrences. @entity1 with more severe @entity2024 and lid lesions during PHSV @entity5517 had a higher incidence of recurrent infection. The severity of the corneal signs in PHSV had no influence on the incidence of recurrent infection. Several clinical forms of RHSV were observed. @entity2024 associated with lid lesions was observed in 29 (83%) @entity1 . In six (17%) @entity1 the disease presented as an @entity5518 without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. @entity1066 was found in three (9%) @entity1 , and in one of them it was associated with a @entity1036 . A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis developed in eight (23%) @entity1 . The epidemiological and clinical features of RHSV were compared with those of PHSV.

title: XXXX : epidemiological and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['disciform keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5518 :: ('MESH:D003232', 'Disease') :: ['acute follicular conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection', 'recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic ulcer']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis', 'Conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2025 :: (MESH:D020031,Disease) :: ['Recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: There have been few reports regarding the efficacy of antiasthmatics in older @entity1 . To compare the efficacy of the addition of @entity5203 to low-dose inhaled @entity4184 (MON-400BUD) versus increasing the dose of inhaled @entity479 (800BUD) on @entity565 control in older asthmatics. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, parallel-designed trial was conducted for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity1 who reached "well-controlled @entity565 status" after the 12-week treatment period. Additionally, @entity565 exacerbations, sputum inflammatory cells, @entity565 control test (ACT) and physical functioning scale (PFS), and adverse reactions were monitored. RESULTS: Twenty-four (36.9%) and 22 (34.9%) subjects in the MON-400BUD (n=65) and 800BUD (n=63) groups had well-controlled @entity565 at the end of the study, respectively. The numbers of @entity565 exacerbations requiring oral @entity228 treatment (20 vs 9, respectively, P=0.036) and the development of sore throat (22 vs 11, respectively, P=0.045) were significantly higher in the 800BUD group than in the MON-400BUD group. Body mass index and changes in ACT, FEV1%, 6-min walk distance and PFS from baseline were all significant determinants for distinguishing subjects with well-controlled and partly controlled @entity565 from those with uncontrolled @entity565 (P<0.05) at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of 12-week treatment with MON-400BUD in older asthmatics was comparable to that of 800BUD on @entity565 control but associated with reduced frequency of @entity565 exacerbations requiring oral @entity230 and sore throat events. Changes in ACT and PFS can be useful predictors of @entity565 control status in older @entity1 .

title: Addition of Montelukast to Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid Leads to Fewer Exacerbations in Older XXXX Than Medium-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid Monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal nutritional status (MNS) is a strong predictor of growth and development in the first 1000 days of life and may influence susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. However, the role of nutrition during this window of developmental plasticity in Africa is unclear. This paper reviews published data to address whether maternal nutrition during the first 1000 days is important for Africa, with a focus on MNS and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and @entity1 outcomes. A systematic approach was used to search the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciSearch and Cochrane Library. In all, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria for the specific objectives. MNS in Africa showed features typical of the epidemiological transition: higher prevalences of maternal overweight and @entity28 and lower underweight, poor diet quality 1 and high @entity417 prevalence. Maternal body mass index and greater gestational weight gain (GWG) were positively associated with birth weight; however, maternal overweight and @entity28 were associated with increased risk of @entity8455 and intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal @entity417 was associated with lower birth weight. Macro- and micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy were associated with improvements in GWG, birth weight and mortality risk. Data suggest poor MNS in Africa and confirms the importance of the first 1000 days as a critical period for nutritional intervention to improve growth, birth outcomes and potential future health risk. However, there is a lack of data beyond birth and a need for longitudinal data through infancy to 2 years of age.

title: Review of the importance of nutrition during the first 1000 days: maternal nutritional status and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and @entity1 outcomes among African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if paediatric @entity565 educational intervention studies included in the Cochrane Collaboration database incorporated concepts of health literacy. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were established to identify review categories in the Cochrane Collaboration database specific to paediatric @entity565 educational interventions. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Cochrane Collaboration database in 2010. The health literacy definition from Healthy @entity1 2010 was used to develop a 4-point a priori rating scale to determine the extent a study reported aspects of health literacy in the development of an educational intervention for parents and/or @entity1 . RESULTS: Five Cochrane review categories met the inclusion criteria; 75 studies were rated for health literacy content regarding educational interventions with families and @entity1 living with @entity565 . A priori criteria were used for the rating process. While 52 (69%) studies had no information pertaining to health literacy, 23 (31%) reported an aspect of health literacy. Although all studies maintained the rigorous standards of randomized clinical trials, a model of health literacy was not reported regarding the design and implementation of interventions. CONCLUSIONS: While a more comprehensive health literacy model for the development of educational interventions with families and @entity1 may have been available after the reviewed studies were conducted, general literacy levels still could have been addressed. The findings indicate a need to incorporate health literacy in the design of client-centred educational interventions and in the selection criteria of relevant Cochrane reviews. Inclusion assures that health literacy is as important as randomization and statistical analyses in the research design of educational interventions and may even assure participation of @entity1 with literacy challenges.

title: Systematic review of health literacy in Cochrane database studies on paediatric XXXX educational interventions: searching beyond rigorous design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people', 'People']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Between 2% and 5% of the population suffer from @entity565 . The disease is characterized by @entity6587 to physical, chemical, pharmacological, and/or immunological irritants. The incidence of perioperative complications is higher in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics. Careful pre- and postoperative care can reduce complications in these @entity1 . Successful management of an @entity748 @entity1 undergoing anesthesia starts with the identification of @entity1 with @entity565 , the preoperative assessment, and evaluation of the pulmonary function. No elective surgery should be performed in @entity1 suffering from unstable @entity565 or an acute attack. Thorough knowledge of the effects and interactions of broncholytic therapy with anesthesia is mandatory. Preanesthetic management must take into consideration the etiology of the disease; intraoperatively, attention must be paid to the pathophysiology. Appropriate perioperative monitoring can help to prevent complications. No one type of anesthesia is associated with @entity260 . The skill of the anesthesiologist, early recovery from general anesthesia, and good postoperative care greatly reduce the incidence of complications. Besides the changes in pulmonary function that occur following anesthesia and surgery, asthmatics may suffer from abnormalities in control of ventilation and mucociliary function postoperatively. The @entity1 with a history of @entity565 needs close supervision during the postoperative period: many @entity944 and many episodes of @entity1167 occur during the night and in the early morning.

title: [Anesthesia in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deaths from asthma']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['lower postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 immunotherapy with NKT cells is a potential new treatment strategy for advanced @entity135 . NKT cell therapy is promising due to its unique anti- @entity5 activity and higher degree of safety compared to current therapies. Radiotherapy is indispensable as a standard treatment for advanced @entity135 . To elucidate the possibility of using NKT cells as an adjuvant immunotherapy with radiotherapy, we examined the effect of radiotherapy on NKT cells in @entity1 with @entity135 . METHODS: The number, @entity379 production and proliferation capacity of NKT cells were analyzed before and after 50 Gy radiation therapy in 12 @entity1 with stage IV @entity135 and @entity213 . The cytotoxic activity of NKT cells was examined in vitro. RESULTS: The number of NKT cells in the blood varied widely between @entity1 . After radiation therapy, the population of CD3 T cells decreased significantly, while the NKT cell population remained stable. The number of NKT cells was the same after radiation therapy as before. @entity379 production from NKT cells collected just after radiotherapy was impaired after stimulation with exogenous ligand, but the proliferative responses of these NKT cells was enhanced in comparison to those collected before radiation therapy. Furthermore, the proliferated NKT cells displayed a significant level of anti- @entity5 activity. CONCLUSION: NKT cells are relatively resistant to radiation and might therefore be suitable for adjuvant immunotherapy to eradicate remnant @entity5 cells in @entity1 who have undergone radiation therapy.

title: The effect of radiotherapy on NKT cells in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The generation rate of free @entity26 radicals as measured by maximal light intensity of @entity6931 -enhanced chemiluminescence from peripheral blood granulocytes (PMN) stimulated with differently opsonized @entity794 was studied in 13 @entity1 with @entity6223 ( @entity6223 ) and pair-matched, healthy controls. Plasma proteins related to @entity32 were also assayed. When stimulated with bacteria opsonized with autologous serum, the PMN from the @entity6223 @entity1 showed a more intensive chemiluminescence than did their pair-matched controls (p less than or equal to 0.0005). The difference was consistent but slightly reduced when using heat-treated serum (p less than or equal to 0.006) or heterologous gammaglobulin (p less than or equal to 0.19) for opsonization. When testing freeze preserved sera from 11 of the compared pairs, the sera from @entity6223 @entity1 induced a slightly higher chemiluminescence in PMN from a healthy donor (p less than or equal to 0.031). Protein analysis of the @entity1 sera revealed a slightly higher concentration of complement 4 (p less than or equal to 0.032) and IgM (p less than or equal to 0.030) when compared with their respective pair-matched healthy controls. The influence of other blood components contaminating our assay system was checked on healthy PMN cells. Lymphocytes, platelets, relevant amounts of @entity857 and serum had no effect on the chemiluminescence. In conclusion, the increased chemiluminescence of peripheral blood granulocytes from @entity1 with @entity6223 seems to be related mainly to the cells. The association with free @entity26 radicals and their tissue-damaging potency might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of @entity2520 .

title: Influence of plasma components on @entity6931 -enhanced chemiluminescence from peripheral granulocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['JP', 'juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity6223 :: (MESH:D010520,Disease) :: ['juvenile periodontitis']


abstract: The effect of @entity3285 , a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on @entity86 and on the requirement for @entity1286 was assessed after total knee arthroplasty, an operation in which @entity190 is mainly measured rather than estimated. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to determine whether administration of @entity6058 in the perioperative period would increase bleeding related to the operation. Fifty-nine @entity1 who had a total knee arthroplasty received either thirty milligrams of @entity6058 or a placebo consisting of saline solution, intravenously, every six hours, in four doses. The first dose was administered about an hour before the end of the operation. @entity190 and use of @entity1286 for @entity158 control were measured for the first twenty-four hours postoperatively. The per cent change in the hematocrit and the amount of transfused blood were also recorded. The @entity1 who received @entity6058 used 27 per cent less @entity1286 than those who received the placebo (40.0 +/- 23.4 milligrams compared with 55.1 +/- 23.5 milligrams [mean and standard deviation]); this difference was significant (p < 0.05). On the first day after the operation, the hematocrit decreased from 0.364 +/- 0.043 preoperatively to 0.278 +/- 0.032 in the @entity1 who received @entity6058 and from 0.363 +/- 0.046 to 0.298 +/- 0.030 in the @entity1 who received the placebo. The 6 per cent greater decrease in the group that received @entity6058 was significant (p < 0.05) but not clinically important.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on bleeding and on requirements for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity3285 :: (MESH:D020911,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']


abstract: The aim of Mobile Coronary Care Units (M.C.C.U.) is to reduce the delay in delivering intensive care to @entity1 with a @entity299 . In the city of Florence a M.C.C.U. has been available since November 1979. During the first year the staff of the M.C.C.U. has treated 158 cases of serious @entity943 which occurred among 486 interventions. In 94 @entity1 @entity943 followed an acute @entity301 . In 64 @entity1 @entity301 could not be demonstrated. This study concerns the latter group of @entity1 . The mean age was 65.2 years and 39 @entity1 (61%) were @entity1 . The mean time from the onset of the symptoms to the arrival of the M.C.C.U. team was 3h and 2 min, whereas the mean time from the call to the arrival was 14 min. Sixty @entity1 had @entity943 (29 @entity955 , 2 @entity956 , 22 @entity591 , 7 premature @entity11706 ) and 4 @entity1 had @entity943 (1 @entity1165 , 1 @entity5069 , 2 @entity1540 ). In thirty-nine @entity1 (61%) the @entity943 was abolished by the staff of the M.C.C.U.. Of the remaining 28 @entity1 , 10 were brought to the hospital and 18 were left at home. None of these needed later admission to the hospital. So the treatment at home of @entity943 has been successful in the majority of @entity1 . @entity17127 was the antiarrhythmic drug more frequently used (23 cases, 34%) with a high percentage of success (87%). In planning medical emergency services to the community, one can envisage the use of the M.C.C.U. facilities to treat at home those @entity943 that are not associated with an acute @entity301 .

title: [Mobile coronary unit of Florence: early care of XXXX not due to acute coronary insufficiency].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary attack', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contractions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity17127 :: ('MESH:D002035', 'Chemical') :: ['Bunaftine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to analyze the predictors of outcome in metastatic @entity5 (MGCC) @entity1 treated with High-dose Chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell rescue. BACKGROUND: Various prognostic factors have been suggested in the treatment of metastatic @entity5 . However, there is no comprehensive evaluation of independent prognostic factors for the efficacy of HDC in published @entity1 cohorts. METHODS: Thirty-two published @entity1 cohorts with MGCC (encompassing 2176 @entity1 ; 510 @entity1 treated upfront and 1666 at relapse) were identified from PUBMED and Cochrane Registry of Clinical Trials. Weighted Regression Analyses of these trials were conducted to define prognosticators. RESULTS: Independent correlates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) when all trials were considered were line of chemotherapy index, an indicator of line of HDC utilization (1st line: 71% vs 2nd or higher line: 40%, p < 0.001), and number of HDC cycles administered (1 cycle: 43%, 1 to 2 cycles: 43%, 2 or more cycles: 64%, p = 0.021). In cohorts having HDC for @entity66 , lower line of chemotherapy index again (p = 0.004), and higher median age (p = 0.023) were independently associated with better @entity1349 . In trials utilizing upfront HDC, higher number of chemotherapeutics in the HDC regimen was marginally linked with improved @entity1349 (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of various forms of HDC in MGCC @entity1 with diverse prognostic factors may vary both as an initial or salvage therapy. Clinicians need to be aware of these factors for optimal @entity1 selection for HDC in MGCC (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 54).

title: The predictors of the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell support in the management of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germ cell cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Multiple therapeutic modalities exist for @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) in the distal radius. The majority of GCTs are amenable to curettage, with the expanded lesions requiring a more radical approach. This case report examines the technique of managing a @entity2967 that has extended beyond the boundaries of the cortex and into local tissues. The decision to use arthroplasty versus arthrodesis and the proximal fibular head as a vascularized free flap is discussed in reference to a @entity1 requiring a proximal row carpectomy (PRC) secondary to @entity5 invasion. METHODS: A 47-year-old @entity1 with @entity2967 in the right distal radius presented with decreased range of motion secondary to @entity158 . Confirmation of the @entity2967 was made with radiographic imaging and biopsy. The extensive invasion of the lesion required en bloc @entity5 resection with PRC and subsequent arthroplasty. RESULTS: Treatment involved resection of @entity5 and PRC with arthroplasty using the proximal head of the fibula and reattachment of the radioscaphocapitate and ulnar carpal ligaments. Success was measured on functionality of the joint, viability of the flap, and the absence of @entity5 recurrence and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: This case presents an example of successful excision of a @entity2967 in the distal radius with a PRC and arthroplasty using a vascularized fibula free flap autograft. The @entity1 remained @entity158 -free, had no evidence of @entity5 recurrence, demonstrated 50% range of motion in the wrist, and 80% preoperative strength as expected following PRC.

title: Wrist joint reconstruction with a vascularized fibula free flap following giant cell XXXX excision in the distal radius.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'GCT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between the uptake of @entity15770 ([18F]FETNIM), blood flow ([15O]H2O) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( @entity419 ) and immunohistochemically determined biomarkers was evaluated in @entity957 of the head and neck ( @entity213 ). METHODS: [18F]FETNIM and @entity419 PET were performed on separate days on 15 untreated @entity1 with @entity213 . @entity519 imaging with [18F]FETNIM was coupled with measurement of @entity5 blood flow using [15O]H2O. Uptake of [18F]FETNIM was measured as @entity5 -to-plasma ratio (T/P) and fractional @entity519 volume (FHV), and that of @entity419 as standardized uptake value (SUV) and the metabolically active @entity5 volume (TV). Tumor biopsies were cut and stained for @entity1365 , Ki-67, @entity876 , @entity469 , @entity7738 , VEGFsc-152, @entity2279 and apoptosis. The expression of biomarkers was correlated to PET findings and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: None of the PET parameters depicting @entity519 and metabolism correlated with the expression of the biomarkers on a continuous scale. When PET parameters were divided into two groups according to median values, a significant association was detected between @entity419 SUV and @entity876 expression (p =0.029) using median SUV as the cut-off. There was a significant association between @entity5 volume and the amount of apoptotic cells (p =0.029). The intensity of @entity7 stained cells was associated with @entity419 SUV (p =0.036). @entity1 outcome was associated with @entity5 macrophage content (p =0.050), but not with the other biomarkers. @entity7738 correlated with @entity1365 (rs =0.553, p =0.040) and Ki-67 with @entity7738 (rs =506, p =0.065). @entity876 correlated inversely with @entity1365 (rs   =   -618, p =0.019) and apoptosis with Ki-67 (rs   =   -638, p =0.014). CONCLUSIONS: A high uptake of @entity419 expressed as SUV is linked to an @entity146 @entity213 phenotype: the rate of apoptosis is low and the expressions of @entity876 and @entity7 are high. None of the studied biomarkers correlated with perfusion and @entity519 as evaluated with [15O]H2O-PET and [18F]FETNIM-PET. Increased @entity5 metabolism evaluated with PET may thus signify an @entity146 phenotype, which should be taken into account in the management of @entity213 .

title: XXXX , blood flow and metabolism in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: correlations between multiple immunohistochemical parameters and PET.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity15770 :: ('MESH:C092114', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: @entity8864 reductase in a stable form was purified to homogeneity from @entity35 liver cytosol. The purified enzyme showed 3700-fold increase in specific activity when compared with the crude preparation, and the extent of recovery was 30-35%. The molecular weight was estimated at 34,000-36,000. The @entity535 analysis of the purified preparation revealed the presence of 3 @entity462 residues/mol of enzyme. The reductase utilized @entity1110 and @entity2125 as electron donors. The @entity1110 -dependent @entity8864 reductase activity was extremely sensitive to SH reagents, including @entity8865 , @entity8816 , @entity8866 , and @entity8867 . However, the pretreatment of the enzyme with @entity1110 and @entity8864 fully protected the reductase from inactivation by these reagents. The enzyme activity was irreversibly inhibited by @entity3143 . The addition of @entity3902 to the enzyme inhibited by @entity8865 promoted the full reversal of inhibition. The enzyme exhibited different pH optima for activity with @entity1110 (pH 8.7) and @entity2125 (pH 7.0). The apparent Km for @entity8864 was established to be 5.0 microM with @entity2125 and 3.0 microM with @entity1110 . The apparent Km for @entity1110 was 3.0 microM, while that of @entity2125 was 270 microM. The enzyme activity was inhibited by the substrate when the concentration exceeded 4.0-5.0 microM. The product, @entity648 , inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner. In addition, the reductase was inhibited by @entity8868 and @entity1450 . Dilution produced instability in the enzyme, but the presence of exogenous proteins, such as serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lysozyme, stabilized the enzyme protein.

title: Purification and characterization of XXXX reductase from @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity1450 :: ('MESH:C017803', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc-protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['Biliverdin', 'biliverdin']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity8866 :: ('MESH:D020245', 'Chemical') :: ['p-chloromercuribenzoic acid']

answer: @entity8864 :: (MESH:D001664,Chemical) :: ['biliverdin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The @entity3181 is a @entity395 characterized by @entity3181 . A step-wise management was recently proposed. The aim of this study is to reassess our treatment approach and long-term outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: The data of 37 @entity3181 @entity1 , seen in our unit, were critically analyzed and compared with the ENVIE (European Network For @entity455 of the Liver) data. RESULTS: Most @entity1 had multiple prothrombotic conditions (41%), of which an underlying @entity5 was the most frequent (59%). The JAK2V617F mutation was associated with more complete occlusion of all hepatic veins ( @entity4016 mutation +: 70% vs @entity4016 mutation -: 23% and a higher severity score. The step-wise treatment algorithm used in our unit, in function of the severity of the @entity409 and the number and the extension of hepatic veins occluded, resulted in the following treatments: only anticoagulation (n = 7.21%), recanalization procedure (n = 4.21%), portosystemic shunts (n = 9.26%) and liver transplantation (n = 14.44%). This resulted in a 10 year survival rate of 90%. Treatment of the underlying @entity4461 offered a low recurrence rate. None of the 21 @entity1 with a @entity5 died in relation to the @entity1503 . CONCLUSIONS: An individualized treatment regimen consisting of anticoagulation and interventional radiology and/or transplantation when necessary and strict follow-up of the underlying @entity1503 , provided an excellent long-term survival, which confirm the data of the ENVIE study.

title: XXXX : reassessment of a step-wise treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver impairment']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous outflow obstruction', 'Budd-Chiari', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: The routine use of arteriography following penetrating @entity130 has declined in popularity in recent years. A careful physical examination coupled with Doppler-derived blood pressure has been shown to be sufficient to determine the presence of significant @entity1317 in most circumstances. Evaluating for occult @entity1317 in the presence of a complex wound involving the @entity174 of a long bone, however, seems to be an exception to this trend in management. This study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence of occult versus clinically apparent @entity1317 in @entity1 suffering gun shot wounds (GSW) to the extremities that were associated with a long bone @entity174 . To address the value of invasive arteriographic evaluation, physical examination (pulse palpation, Doppler-derived limb blood pressure) was compared to arteriography in 75 consecutive @entity1 following a GSW that resulted in @entity174 of the tibia/fibula (n = 28), femur (n = 19), humerus (n = 17), or radius/ulna (n = 11). Fourteen @entity1 (19%) had an abnormal physical examination, with 13 (93%) of these also having an abnormal arteriogram. Of the 61 (81%) @entity1 with a normal physical examination, an @entity1317 was found on subsequent arteriography in 17 (28%). These @entity130 were classified as minor (intimal flap less than one-fourth the diameter of the vessel, @entity130 ) or major (large intimal flap, occlusion, @entity2849 , @entity292 ). The majority (83%) of @entity130 were minor and did not require operative intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Occult XXXX following gunshot wounds resulting in long bone fractures of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['segmental narrowing, noncritical branch vessel injury', 'injuries to the extremities', 'occult injuries']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['A-V fistula']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['occult vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity110 and @entity483 are @entity272 that can be mediated by IgE. Measuring levels of specific IgE can be used to confirm causative agents of these @entity272 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze results from the multiple allergosorbent test chemiluminescent assay ( @entity25289 ), which measures specific IgE in the presence of a causative agent/allergen, in IgE-mediated @entity272 . METHODS: A total of 404 @entity1 with @entity110 , @entity483 or @entity111 were enrolled in the present study. Positive rates of specific IgE as well as total serum IgE from the @entity25289 were compared. RESULTS: Positive rates of specific IgE were highest in @entity483 @entity1 , followed by @entity110 , and then @entity111 , with 57.0%, 37.1%, and 20.8%, respectively (p<0.05). House dust mite species were the most common allergens in both @entity483 and @entity272 . There were no differences in the overall @entity25289 results between acute and chronic @entity110 . The relative positive rate of inhalant allergen was significantly higher in adult than in @entity1 @entity483 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Results from the @entity25289 showed diversity among the three disease groups, and within each disease group, with different positive rates of specific IgE, a different mean allergen number per @entity1 , and so on. Therefore, we concluded that @entity25289 could be a useful diagnostic tool for various allergic @entity272 .

title: Analysis of XXXX Results as a Diagnostic Tool in Allergic @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['representative allergic skin diseases', 'urticaria skin diseases', 'skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria', 'urticaria']

answer: @entity25289 :: (51324;6404,Gene) :: ['MAST-CLA']


abstract: The peptide apelin originating from a larger precursor preproapelin molecule has been recently isolated and identified as the endogenous ligand of the @entity1 orphan G protein-coupled receptor, APJ (putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor @entity7743 ). We have shown recently that apelin and apelin receptor mRNA are expressed in brain and that the centrally injected apelin fragment K17F (Lys(1)-Phe-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe(17)) decreased vasopressin release and altered drinking behavior. Using a specific polyclonal antiserum against K17F for immunohistochemistry, the aim of the present study was to establish the precise topographical distribution of apelin immunoreactivity in @entity3812 -treated adult @entity35 brain. Immunoreactivity was essentially detected in neuronal cell bodies and fibers throughout the entire neuroaxis in different densities. Cells bodies have been visualized in the preoptic region, the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and in the highest density, in the arcuate nucleus. Apelin immunoreactive cell bodies were also seen in the pons and the medulla oblongata. Apelin nerve fibers appear more widely distributed than neuronal apelin cell bodies. The hypothalamus represented, by far, the major site of apelin-positive nerve fibers which were found in the suprachiasmatic, periventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial nuclei and in the retrochiasmatic area, with the highest density in the internal layer of the median eminence. Fibers were also found innervating other circumventricular organs such as the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, the subfornical and the subcommissural organs and the area postrema. Apelin was also detected in the septum and the amygdala and in high density in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, the periaqueductal central gray matter and dorsal raphe nucleus, the parabrachial and Barrington nuclei in the pons and in the nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral reticular, prepositus hypoglossal and spinal trigeminal nuclei. The topographical distribution of apelinergic neurons in the brain suggests multiple roles for apelin especially in the central control of @entity146 , pituitary hormone release and circadian rhythms.

title: Distribution of apelin-synthesizing neurons in the adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ingestive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common age-related @entity179 . Accumulating data indicate that astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammation related to the pathogenesis of @entity195 . It has been shown that microglia and astrocytes are activated in @entity195 brain and @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) can increase the expression of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ), @entity777 . Suppressing the inflammatory response caused by activated astrocytes may help to inhibit the development of @entity195 . @entity6108 is a major constituent of the yellow curry spice turmeric and proved to be a potential anti-inflammatory drug in @entity625 and @entity1960 . There is a low age-adjusted prevalence of @entity195 in India, a country where turmeric powder is commonly used as a culinary compound. @entity6108 has been shown to suppress activated astroglia in @entity5357 protein precursor @entity19 . The real mechanism by which @entity6108 inhibits activated astroglia is poorly understood. Here we report that the expression of @entity1996 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were enhanced and that of @entity12097 ( @entity12097 ) was decreased in @entity5357 (25-35)-treated astrocytes. In line with these results, nuclear factor-kappaB translocation was increased in the presence of @entity5357 . All these can be reversed by the pretreatment of @entity6108 . Furthermore, @entity4301 , a @entity12097 antagonist, can abolish the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity6108 . These results show that @entity6108 might act as a @entity12097 agonist to inhibit the @entity32 in @entity5357 -treated astrocytes.

title: XXXX agonist @entity6108 reduces the @entity5357 -stimulated inflammatory responses in primary astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity777 :: ('16193(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1, and interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity12097 :: (19016(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPARgamma']


abstract: The high molecular weight form of the polypeptide chain elongation factor-1 (EF-1H) from @entity1707 liver was purified to an apparently homogeneous state. The procedure included aqueous two-phase separation, @entity1329 fractionation, four successive column chromatographies on Sephadex G-200, CM-Sephadex C-50, @entity692 and @entity8860 , and @entity653 density gradient centrifugation. By this procedure, the specific activity of EF-1H increased about 60-fold with a recovery of the total activity of 6%, as compared to the material obtained by aqueous two-phase separation followed by @entity1329 fractionation. Purified EF-1H was analyzed by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions and @entity653 gradient centrifugation, revealing that it is apparently homogeneous and has both @entity9444 and EF-1 beta gamma activities. The subunit structure of EF-1H was investigated by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity3208 as well as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which indicated that EF-1H consists of three different subunits, i.e., @entity9444 , EF-1 beta, and EF-1 gamma, in an equimolar ratio. The Stokes radius and the sedimentation coefficient of EF-1H were estimated to be 5.9 nm and 6.2S, respectively, from which the molecular weight of EF-1H was calculated to be about 157,000. This value is close to the sum of the molecular weights of @entity9444 (53,000), EF-1 beta (30,000), and EF-1 gamma (53,000). Thus, we concluded that EF-1H is a monomer of a 1:1:1 complex of @entity9444 , EF-1 beta, and EF-1 gamma, or @entity9444 beta gamma and its molecular weight is 136,000. This conclusion was further confirmed by measuring the amounts of @entity9444 and EF-1 beta gamma in EF-1H by enzymatic assays. The @entity535 composition of EF-1H was determined, and the results revealed that there was a close resemblance between the values of EF-1H and those of @entity9444 beta gamma, which were calculated from the reported values for @entity9444 , EF-1 beta, and EF-1 gamma.

title: Studies on the high molecular weight form of polypeptide chain elongation factor-1 from XXXX liver. I. Purification and subunit structure.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8860 :: ('MESH:C027176', 'Chemical') :: ['octyl-Sepharose CL-4B']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Pattern recognition of @entity535 signals partitions the cells of the @entity2083 retina into nine statistically unique biochemical theme classes and permits a first-order chemical mapping of virtually all cellular space. Photoreceptors, @entity162 , and @entity4494 cells display a set of unique, nominally glutamatergic type E1, E1+E2, and E4 signatures, respectively. All horizontal cells are assignable to a GABAergic gamma 2 class or a non-GABAergic class with a @entity2227 -rich E3 signature. The amacrine cell layer is largely a mixture of (1) a @entity2226 -dominated T1 M  ller's cell signature and (2) GABAergic gamma 1, glycinergic G1, and dual glycinergic/GABAergic G gamma 1 amacrine cell signatures. Several major conclusions emerge from this work. (1) Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic neural signatures and glial signatures account for over 99% of the cellular space in the retina. (2) All known neurons in the @entity2083 retina are associated with a set of conventional nonpeptide neurotransmitters. (3) Multiple forms of metabolic profiles are associated with a single nominal neurotransmitter category. (4) @entity2227 and @entity492 contents exhibit overlapping distributions and are not adequate univariate probes for identifying cell classes. (5) Signatures can serve as quantitative measures of cell state.

title: Pattern recognition of XXXX signatures in retinal neurons.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4770 and @entity2871 mediate opposing cardiovascular effects through their receptors, the @entity4770 receptor ( @entity7173 ) and @entity2871 receptor (TP). Individuals heterozygous for an @entity7173 variant, @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ), displayed exaggerated @entity1423 responsiveness and accelerated @entity65 . We examined association of @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ) into homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes and the impact on @entity4770 and @entity2871 biology. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dimerization of the @entity7173 , @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ), and TPalpha was examined by bioluminesence resonance energy transfer in transfected HEK293 cells. We observed an equal propensity for formation of IPIP homodimers and IPTPalpha heterodimers. Compared with the @entity7173 alone, @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ) displayed reduced @entity268 generation and increased endoplasmic reticulum localization but underwent normal homo- and heterodimerization. When the @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ) and @entity7173 were coexpressed, a dominant negative action of the variant was evident with enhanced wild-type @entity7173 localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and reduced agonist-dependent signaling. Further, the TPalpha activation response, which was shifted from @entity19260 to @entity268 generation following IPTPalpha heterodimerization, was normalized when the TPalpha instead dimerized with @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7173 ( @entity24004 ) exerts a dominant action on the wild-type @entity7173 and TPalpha through dimerization. This likely contributes to accelerated @entity65 in individuals carrying 1 copy of the variant allele.

title: Dominant negative actions of human XXXX receptor variant through dimerization: implications for @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['loss of platelet IP']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: The major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is important in the clearance of @entity1800 in @entity1 . After @entity281 , a peptide from the matrix protein, M58-66, is presented in the context of the MHC allele HLA-A0201 and the resulting CTL response is detectable in most HLA-A0201 subjects. An initial study suggested that M58-66-specific CTL clones show conserved T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta gene segments. We have addressed the significance of this observation by determining the expression of V beta 17 during the development of M58-66-specific CTL lines in 21 unrelated HLA-A0201 subjects, and analyzing TCR usage by M58-66-specific CTL clones. TCR V beta 17 was the dominant V beta segment used and @entity405 V beta 17 expansion correlated with M58-66-specific lysis. Limiting dilution analysis from five subjects showed the M58-66 CTL precursor frequency to vary between 1/54,000 and less than 1/250,000, and that up to 85% of the matrix peptide (M58-66)-specific CTL used the V beta 17 gene segment. The M58-66 specific CTL response was dependent on previous viral exposure and specific V beta 17 expansion, as it was not found in cord blood, despite a readily expandable V beta 17+ @entity405 + T cell subpopulation. Sequence analysis of 38 M58-66-specific V beta 17 transcripts from 13 subjects revealed extensive conservation in the @entity2612 region including conservation of an @entity369 - @entity563 motif. To test the dependence of this CTL response on the V beta 17 gene segment, peripheral blood lymphocytes were depleted of @entity405 + TCR V beta 17+ cells, before the generation of M58-66-specific CTL. In most cases such depletion blocked or severely reduced the generation of the M58-66-specific response, and under limiting dilution conditions could abolish M58-66-specific CTL precursors. These studies reveal the dependence of this natural @entity1 immune response on a particular TCR gene segment.

title: XXXX HLA-A0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of influenza A is dominated by T cells bearing the V beta 17 gene segment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A phase I study of frequently administered @entity3003 with recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 has been performed in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity43 . Recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 was administered at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg/d for days 1 through 12 after @entity3003 treatment. @entity3003 doses were calculated using a pharmacokinetic formula on an area under the curve (AUC) basis. Four doses of @entity3003 were planned for each @entity1 . The first cohort of @entity1 received an AUC of 5 mg/mL x min every 3 weeks. Subsequently four additional cohorts received AUCs of 5, 7, 9, and 8 every 2 weeks. @entity1503 were mild and not significant. The dose-limiting @entity137 was @entity882 and occurred at an AUC of 9. Most @entity1 could complete treatment at an AUC of 7. Results for AUC 8 are awaited. Complete and partial responses were seen in most @entity1 at all dose levels.

title: @entity3003 and @entity1261 as first-line treatment for XXXX : a phase I dose-intensity escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim)', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicities']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Introduction. The Integrated Management of Childhood and Neonatal Illness (IMNCI) recommends the use @entity10486 to diagnose @entity417 . Earlier studies to validate @entity10486 as clinical sign for @entity417 were largely done in African context. There was a need to test validity of @entity10486 to detect @entity417 in different settings. Objective. To study the validity and interobserver agreement of @entity10486 examination to diagnose @entity417 in @entity1 under 5 years of age in India. Methods. In a village in Northern India, hemoglobin estimation was done for 80 @entity1 using cyanomethemoglobin method. Two examiners, a physician and a health worker, trained in IMNCI evaluated @entity1 for @entity10486 . Sensitivity and specificity and Kappa statistics were calculated. Results. Health worker diagnosed @entity10486 with sensitivity of 30.8-42.8% and specificity of 70-89%. Similar figures for doctor were 40-47% and 60-66%, respectively. Kappa agreement between a health worker and a physician was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.298-0.666) and then increased to 0.51 when categories of severe @entity10486 and mild @entity10486 were merged. Conclusion. While using @entity10486 as clinical sign for @entity417 , @entity1 with no @entity10486 should also be followed up closely for possible detection of missed cases during follow-up.

title: Validity of Palmar Pallor for Diagnosis of XXXX among @entity1 Aged 6-59 Months in North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10486 :: ('MESH:D010167', 'Disease') :: ['palmar pallor', 'pallor']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: Brain metastases from @entity242 are rare, and data concerning the treatment and results of therapy are sparse. We retrospectively reviewed a series of 28 @entity1 with brain metastases from @entity242 , who were neuro-surgically treated in single institution over 20 years. There were 15 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 . In 21 @entity1 the @entity75 was located in the supratentorial region, and in 7 @entity1 infratentorially. The median age at brain @entity3 diagnosis was 25 years (range 2.6-68 years). Median time from primary diagnosis to diagnosis of brain @entity3 was 26.7 months. Lung metastases were present in 21 @entity1 (76%) (8 synchronous with the @entity75 ). Pulmonary metastases were resected in 14 @entity1 (50%). The overall median survival time from diagnosis of primary @entity242 was 38.8 months, and from craniotomy was 6.6 months. The presence or @entity358 did not change the median survival calculated from diagnosis of brain @entity3 (7 mos and 4.5 mos, respectively, p < 0.48, log-rank test). Two @entity1 (7%) died within 30 days of operation. One-year survival was 36% and 2-year survival was 18%. Three @entity1 (12%) survived over 5 years. Since brain metastases from @entity242 are refractory to alternative treatment, surgical excision is indicated when feasible. Brain metastases from @entity242 are uncommon and usually occur in association with or following lung @entity3 . Long term survival is possible in a small percentage of @entity1 .

title: [Surgical treatment of brain metastases from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['absence of lung lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Few reports have examined the effects of adult bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) on large animals, and no useful method has been established for MSC implantation. In this study, we investigate the effects of MSC infusion from the coronary vein in a @entity1707 model of chronic @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity583 was induced in domestic @entity1707 by placing beads in the left coronary artery. Bone marrow cells were aspirated and then cultured to isolate the MSCs. At 4 weeks after @entity583 , MSCs labeled with dye (n=8) or vehicle (n=5) were infused retrogradely from the anterior interventricular vein without any complications. Left ventriculography (LVG) was performed just before and at 4 weeks after cell infusion. The ejection fraction (EF) assessed by LVG significantly decreased from baseline up to a follow-up at 4 weeks in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the cardiac function was preserved in the MSC group. The difference in the EF between baseline and follow-up was significantly greater in the MSC group than in the control group (P<0.05). The MSC administration significantly promoted @entity2295 in the border areas compared with the controls (P<0.0005), though it had no affect on @entity299 . A few MSCs expressed @entity2880 factor in a differentiation assay, but none of them expressed troponin T. In quantitative gene expression analysis, basic fibroblast growth factor and @entity17980 ( @entity17980 ) levels were significantly higher in the MSC-treated hearts than in the controls (P<0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining revealed @entity17980 production in the engrafted MSCs. In vitro experiment demonstrated that MSCs significantly stimulated endothelial capillary network formation compared with the @entity17980 protein (P<0.0001). MSC infusion via the coronary vein prevented the progression of @entity299 in chronic @entity583 . This favorable effect appeared to derive not from cell differentiation, but from enhanced @entity2295 by angiogenic factors secreted from the MSCs.

title: Coronary vein infusion of multipotent stromal cells from bone marrow preserves cardiac function in @entity1707 ischemic cardiomyopathy via enhanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity17980 :: ('397157(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['neovascularization']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to create reproducible partial @entity1876 and to evaluate the resulting urodynamic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one female Yucatan microswine were randomly divided into obstructed and control groups. In the obstructed group of 21 animals, an artificial 4.5-cm. sphincter cuff was placed around the bladder neck. Fourteen of these minipigs were eventually deobstructed. In the controls (unobstructed sham-operated group), the sphincter cuff was removed prior to closure. Urodynamic measurements were conducted at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postobstruction in conscious animals restrained in specially designed adjustable cages. RESULTS: (with all pressures in cm. @entity2507 ): 1) Unobstructed sham controls: Pdet,open 28.8 Pdet (Qmax) 22.5, Qmax 30.8 ml. per second, Pdet,isv 61.7, urethral resistance relation (URA) 7.7 cm. @entity2507 , and Watts factor (WF) 4.7 W/m.2; 2) Obstructed group: Pdet,open 85.2; Pdet (Qmax) 94.4, Qmax 5.6 ml. per second, Pdet,isv 135.2, mean URA 74.3 cm. @entity2507 and @entity12768 .5 W/m.2; 3) Deobstructed group: Pdet,open 39.9, Pdet (Qmax) 25.9, Qmax 25.0 ml. per second, Pdet,isv 58.0, mean URA 8.9 cm. @entity2507 and WF 5.4 W/m.2. CONCLUSION: This animal model of reversible @entity3885 has given consistent and reproducible pressure flow data in the conscious, upright state.

title: A minipig model for urodynamic evaluation of XXXX and its possible reversibility.

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['infravesical obstruction']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['infravesical obstruction']


abstract: Primary chronic @entity3439 remains one of the commonest conditions managed by neurosurgeons. Despite this there is a relative lack of evidence regarding best management and certain treatments such as minicraniectomy, have rarely been assessed in the literature. A retrospective case note review comparing minicraniectomy and burrhole drainage of primary @entity6087 was therefore performed. We sought to determine the proportion of @entity1 requiring repeat drainage or dandy cannula @entity1173 following initial surgery and to assess outcome at outpatient follow-up. The mean age of @entity1 undergoing minicraniectomy was 73, compared to 63 in the burrhole group (p < 0.001). 130 @entity1 underwent burrhole drainage, 23 of whom (18%) developed a symptomatic recurrence. 21 (16%) of these @entity1 required repeat drainage. Of the 116 @entity1 who underwent a craniectomy 23 (20%) @entity1 suffered a symptomatic recurrence. 15 (13%) @entity1 required the minicraniectomy to be reopened for further washout (p = 0.48). (8%) @entity1 who underwent burrhole drainage died compared to 20 (17%) @entity1 following craniectomy (95%CI 2 to 18%; p = 0.03). However, controlling for age using logistic logression, showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups in recurrence (p = 0.28) or @entity204 (p = 0.06). Craniectomy may be considered as a treatment option particularly in the elderly population and in @entity1 with multiple loculated collections.

title: Treatment of chronic XXXX - a retrospective comparison of minicraniectomy versus burrhole drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural haematomas']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity3439 :: (MESH:D006408,Disease) :: ['subdural haematomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To characterize enamel defects in @entity1 with @entity2185 ( @entity2185 ) and @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ) @entity209 and to examine salivary @entity2188 levels in @entity2185 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Teeth from @entity1 (n = 32) were evaluated for enamel defects and compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 55). Complementation class ( @entity2189 , @entity2190 , @entity2191 and @entity2192 ) and serum @entity2188 levels were examined. Primary teeth from two @entity1 were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy and salivary @entity2188 levels from two @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Enamel defects were significantly more prevalent per tooth in the affected group than the control group, across complementation types (P < 0.0001). The @entity2189 @entity2185 subgroup had a significantly higher prevalence per individual of severe enamel defects than controls (P = 0.021), and those with enamel defects exhibited higher serum @entity2188 levels than those without (P = 0.017). Salivary @entity2188 levels were extremely elevated and were significantly higher than controls (P = 0.002). Primary teeth were free of enamel defects except for two @entity2192 @entity1 who exhibited @entity2193 . One primary tooth from a @entity2192 @entity1 manifested markedly altered crystal microstructure. CONCLUSION: Enamel anomalies represent a phenotypic manifestation of @entity2185 and @entity2187 @entity209 . These findings suggest an association between enamel developmental pathology and disordered metabolism.

title: Enamel defects and salivary @entity2188 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2185 :: ('MESH:C537358', 'Disease') :: ['methylmalonic acidemia', 'MMA']

entities_list: @entity2188 :: ('MESH:C005230', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonate']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['severe enamel hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity2185 :: (MESH:C537358,Disease) :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many factors influence whether @entity0 @entity1 undergo reconstruction after mastectomy. This study was undertaken to determine the patterns of care and variables associated with the use of reconstruction for @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and to compare previous results for @entity189 . METHODS: Postmastectomy reconstruction rates were collected from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) for 2003-2007. International Classification of Disease-9 codes were used to identify @entity1 undergoing reconstruction after mastectomy. Variations in reconstruction rates were examined by type of @entity0 ( @entity3821 vs. invasive), calendar year, age, type of insurance, type of hospital, and race/ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for relative odds of immediate reconstruction versus mastectomy only. RESULTS: For multivariate analysis, age, race/ethnicity, type of insurance, and type of hospital were significantly associated with the use of reconstruction for @entity3821 @entity1 . @entity3821 @entity1 were twice as likely to undergo reconstruction as @entity1 with @entity3 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75-2.13). @entity3821 @entity1 with private insurance were nine times more likely to undergo reconstruction as @entity1 with Medicaid (OR = 8.84, 95% CI = 5.92-13.21). Both Hispanic white and Asian @entity1 were one-fifth as likely to undergo reconstruction compared with non-Hispanic white @entity1 (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.1-0.3; OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.09-0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Postmastectomy rates for @entity3821 were twice those for @entity3 mostly because stage was not a limiting factor. However, significant factors remain that limit the use of reconstruction in this @entity0 population: age, race/ethnicity, type of hospital, and type of insurance.

title: Disparities in reconstruction rates after mastectomy for @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ): patterns of care and factors associated with the use of breast reconstruction for @entity3821 compared with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cancer']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 lost consciousness after being accidentally exposed to what was probably @entity3957 gas while performing maintenance on a machine producing feather meal. He was immediately taken to the hospital. Upon admission, his consciousness level was 14 (E4V4M6) on the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), but it subsequently decreased, and the @entity1 was intubated when his respirations became @entity308 as well. About 5 hours after the initial incident, he was transferred to our department. His consciousness level was GCS 9 (E2V2M5), his blood pressure was 95/78 mmHg, and his heart rate was 90 beats per min. There was no @entity520 . Mechanical ventilation was begun and 10% @entity11495 was intermittently administered intravenously, with the goal of lowering arterial blood methemoglobin saturation to 20%. Two days following admission, the @entity1 regained full consciousness and @entity11495 administration was stopped. The following day mechanical ventilation was also discontinued. This @entity1 exhibited severe recurring @entity16 without @entity520 ; thus, the manifestations of @entity137 in this case might have been due to the direct neurologic @entity137 of @entity3957 , @entity519 , or delayed post-ischemic @entity1779 . The @entity1 made a full recovery without any sequelae; therefore we would like to hypothesize that repetitive intravenous administration of @entity11495 is effective in cases of @entity3957 exposure.

title: [Case followed by delayed loss of consciousness after exposure to @entity3957 that was treated with intermittent administration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity11495 :: (MESH:D012977,Chemical) :: ['sodium nitrite']


abstract: Plasma levels of calprotectin were determined in 84 @entity1 with @entity167 -induced @entity82 . Calprotectin is released from disintegrating neutrophils, and plasma levels seem to reflect activation and turnover of such cells. The purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of activation of neutrophils, which has been indicated to be increased and a cause of neutrophil exhaustion in these @entity1 . Additionally, on follow-up after a median observation period of 559 days, we investigated the prognostic value of calprotectin for survival. No difference was found in calprotectin levels when comparing healthy controls with @entity1 with compensated @entity82 and those with decompensated @entity82 . However, high @entity1190 concentrations (> median) were a significant prognostic marker of poor survival (P = .001, log-rank test). Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the prognostic value of calprotectin seemed independent of severity of @entity409 evaluated on eight clinical and biochemical variables of @entity409 . Divided into groups by the median calprotectin concentration, analysis of survival was performed in the whole series of @entity1 (n = 84) as well as in @entity1 who were completely without signs of recent or actual infection (n = 54). In both groups, calprotectin levels (> median) showed a much higher prognostic value than albumin, prothrombin complex, @entity648 , and @entity843 . During follow-up, calprotectin levels (> median) were also a predictor of recurrent infection (P = .009). Thus, in @entity1 with @entity7160 , plasma calprotectin seems to be a new prognostic marker of survival, which seems independent of the severity of @entity409 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma calprotectin: a new prognostic marker of survival in @entity167 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1190 :: ('MESH:D039841', 'Chemical') :: ['calprotectin']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: Running a marathon causes strenuous joint loading and increased energy expenditure. Adipokines regulate energy metabolism, but recent studies have indicated that they also exert a role in cartilage degradation in @entity625 . Our aim was to investigate the effects of running a marathon on the levels of adipokines and indices of cartilage metabolism. Blood samples were obtained from 46 male marathoners before and after a marathon run. We measured levels of @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ), cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) and chitinase 3-like protein 1 ( @entity9086 ) as biomarkers of cartilage turnover and/or damage and plasma concentrations of adipokines @entity1254 , leptin and @entity13490 . Mean marathon time was 3   30   46  0   02   46 (h:min:sec). The exertion more than doubled @entity1549 levels and this change correlated negatively with the marathon time (r=-0.448, p=0.002). @entity9086 levels increased by 56% and the effect on COMP release was variable. Running a marathon increased the levels of @entity13490 and @entity1254 , while leptin levels remained unchanged. The marathon-induced changes in @entity13490 levels were positively associated with the changes in @entity1549 (r=0.382, p=0.009) and @entity9086 (r=0.588, p<0.001) and the pre-marathon @entity13490 levels correlated positively with the marathon induced change in @entity9086 (r=0.386, p=0.008). The present results show the impact of running a marathon, and possible load frequency, on cartilage metabolism: the faster the marathon was run, the greater was the increase in @entity1549 levels. Further, the results introduce pro-inflammatory adipocytokine @entity13490 as a novel factor, which enhances during marathon race and associates with markers of cartilage degradation.

title: Running a marathon induces changes in adipokine levels and in markers of cartilage degradation - novel role for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-3', 'matrix metalloproteinase-3']

answer: @entity13490 :: (56729,Gene) :: ['resistin']


abstract: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity174 who had undergone peritoneal lavage and abdominal and pelvic angiography were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-four @entity1 with negative lavages were treated successfully without laparotomy despite a 20 percent incidence of subcapsular or intraparenchymal @entity409 or spleen. Thirty percent of the @entity1 with positive peritoneal lavages were successfully managed without laparotomy when abdominal angiography failed to identify a source of active @entity548 . Abdominal angiography was 92 percent accurate in predicting the presence or absence of @entity548 in 25 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy. There were no false-positive angiograms. The overall false-negative rate was 2.12 percent. These occurred in two @entity1 with torn mesenteric vessels. Pelvic angiography identified @entity548 in 18 percent of the @entity1 . Eighty-four percent of @entity1 with major @entity548 had successful embolization with prompt cessation of arterial @entity548 . We conclude that abdominal and pelvic angiography can be a useful adjunct to peritoneal lavage in detecting intraperitoneal @entity548 and can be of therapeutic value for @entity548 .

title: Peritoneal lavage and angiography in the management of XXXX with @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas of the liver']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arterial pelvic bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'pelvic bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment with @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) results in a wide range of cellular effects that includes induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell growth, promotion or inhibition of cellular differentiation, and inhibition of angiogenesis through a variety of mechanisms. The mechanisms of @entity9188 -induced cell death have been mainly studied in @entity1583 , and those mechanisms in solid @entity5 have yet to be clearly defined. In this study, the mechanisms by which @entity9188 induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity14 HT-29 cells were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the levels of apoptosis, HT-29 cells were treated with @entity9188 and then we measured the percentage of @entity4404 binding cells, the amount of ROS production and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis was performed to identify the activated caspases after @entity9188 exposure, and we compared the possible target molecules of apoptosis. @entity9188 treatment induced the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase of ROS, as well as activation of @entity21417 . RESULTS: @entity9188 induced apoptosis via the production of reactive @entity26 species and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. @entity9188 induced the activation of @entity21417 . Furthermore, @entity9188 treatment downregulates the @entity2423 and @entity588 expressions, and the release of @entity4674 and an apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Pretreating the HT-29 cells with @entity898 , which is a @entity1432 -containing antioxidant, inhibited the @entity9188 -induced apoptosis and caspase activation. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by @entity9188 might play an important role in the regulation of @entity9188 -induced apoptosis. This @entity137 is mediated through a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signal pathway in HT-29 cells.

title: @entity4447 induces apoptosis in XXXX @entity14 HT-29 cells through ROS.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare the detection and characterization of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) associated with focal @entity409 (FLLs) at contrast material-enhanced ultrasonography (US) by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was waived. Three hundred fifty @entity1 (mean age, 50 years    11 [standard deviation]; age range, 19-82 years; 168 @entity1 , 182 @entity1 ) underwent contrast-enhanced US and contrast-enhanced CT between April 2008 and July 2010. Two independent readers reviewed contrast-enhanced US images for the detection and characterization of @entity99 . The largest lesion or the lesion best identified at contrast-enhanced US per @entity1 was used for statistical analysis. Contrast-enhanced CT was used as the reference standard. Contrast-enhanced US and CT interreader agreement of diagnoses was assessed by using the weighted k coefficient, and influences of lesion size, enhancement covering rate, and @entity1575 were evaluated by using logistic regression analysis and the paired   (2) test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of contrast-enhanced US for @entity99 detection were calculated. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced US results showed @entity99 features similar to those of CT imaging. CT depicted 50 HPDs in 350 @entity1 , and contrast-enhanced US depicted 55 HPDs in 350 @entity1 . The agreement for @entity99 diagnosis between US and CT was good (k = 0.749). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of contrast-enhanced US were 84.0%, 95.7%, 76.4%, 97.3%, and 0.945, respectively. Rapid enhancement coverage (P < .001) and lesion size (P = .002) were significant predictors of the occurrence of @entity99 . @entity1575 did not have significant influence for @entity99 detection (P = .087). Image zooming, limited acoustic window, lesion diameter greater than 5 cm, attenuation, and blurred images were the main reasons for the false-positive diagnosis of @entity99 at contrast-enhanced US. CONCLUSION: The @entity99 in FLLs can reliably be detected with contrast-enhanced US, which correlated well with contrast-enhanced CT images.

title: Hepatic perfusion disorder associated with focal XXXX : contrast-enhanced US patterns--correlation study with contrast-enhanced CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPD', 'hepatic perfusion disorder']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis', 'Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: The authors reviewed 460 @entity1 with @entity613 . With primarily conservative management, these @entity1 were followed for an average of 4.1 years (one to ten years). The mean age was 71.7 years, ranging from thirty-six to eighty-four years; 55.9% were males. The subsequent follow-up study revealed that the status of 44.1% of the @entity1 with underlying @entity9085 deteriorated. Eventually, they underwent vascular surgery for limb-threatening @entity63 . From this study, the analysis of the parameters could predict the clinical outcome of @entity613 at the time of initial and follow-up evaluation. During initial evaluation, when the ankle brachial index (ABI) was higher than 0.7 or when follow-up evaluation did not show a decrease of ABI by 0.15, the chance of favorable outcome was increased by 2.4 and 1.6 times respectively. When the ABI was less than 0.5 at the initial evaluation and decreased 0.15 or more during follow-up studies, the risk of requiring vascular surgery for limb salvage increased by 3.8 and 1.9 times, respectively. The onset of major vascular events in other areas appeared to influence the time of significant deterioration in the lower limb @entity455 , indicating multifactorial and systemic contribution in the natural history of @entity613 . In this homogeneous @entity1 population with @entity9085 referred to the vascular surgeon, conservative management with strong supervision for smoking cessation, exercise, diet control, body @entity353 , and medical regimen can modify the natural course of @entity613 and associated vascular problems.

title: XXXX : predictors and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['Intermittent claudication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found plasma @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) to be a predictor of outcome after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). To assess the generalizability of this finding, we assessed the value of @entity1851 on the day of ICU discharge as a predictor of unplanned ICU readmission and unexpected @entity204 within 2 weeks. Plasma albumin and white cell count at discharge were also considered as markers associated with ongoing @entity32 . METHODS: This was a single-centre observational study involving a medical-surgical ICU in a university teaching hospital. Data were prospectively collected from 1487 admissions involving 1401 @entity1 over a 12 month period. @entity1 ' admission details and APACHE II score were collected in addition to plasma @entity1851 , white cell count, and albumin values from the day of discharge from ICU. We assessed the difference in these variables between @entity1 who were readmitted, who died unexpectedly, and those who did not. RESULTS: We found that 9.9% of @entity1 discharged were either readmitted (7.0%) or died unexpectedly (2.9%). @entity1 who were readmitted had a lower plasma albumin concentration [20 (16, 24) vs 22 (19, 27), P<0.001] and a higher admission APACHE II score [median (inter-quartile range, IQR) 16.5 (13, 21) vs 15 (12, 18), P=0.02]. @entity1 who died unexpectedly on the ward were older [mean (sd): 76 (12) vs 59 (19), P<0.001] and had a higher APACHE II score [21 (17.25, 26) vs 15 (12, 18), P<0.001]. There was not a statistically significant difference in @entity1851 concentration between @entity1 who either required ICU readmissions or died unexpectedly on the ward and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: In a mixed medical-surgical intensive care, plasma @entity1851 measured at the day of discharge from intensive care is not a predictor of readmissions or deaths.

title: XXXX as a predictor of outcome after discharge from the intensive care: a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether early lead exposure at levels below 10 microg/dl has an impact on educational and behavioural outcomes at school. METHODS: Venous samples were taken from a subgroup of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 (ALSPAC) attending a research clinic at 30 months of age (n = 582), and lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Developmental, behavioural and standardised educational outcomes (Standard Assessment Tests, SATs) were collected on these @entity1 at age 7-8 years. In the analysis, blood lead concentration was investigated both as a continuous covariate and as a categorical variable. RESULTS: 488 cases (84%) had complete data on confounders and outcomes. After adjustment for confounders and using a log dose-response model for lead concentration, blood lead levels showed significant associations with reading, writing and spelling grades on SATs, and @entity10420 . A doubling in lead concentration was associated with a 0.3 point (95% CI -0.5 to -0.1) decline in SATs grades. Treating lead levels categorically, with the reference group 0-2 microg/dl, no effects on outcomes were apparent at 2-5 microg/dl, but levels of 5-10 microg/dl were associated with a reduction in scores for reading (OR 0.51, p = 0.006) and writing (OR 0.49, p = 0.003). Lead levels >10 microg/dl were also associated with increased scores for @entity10420 (OR 2.9, p = 0.040) and @entity2915 (OR 2.82, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to lead early in childhood has effects on subsequent educational attainment, even at blood levels below 10 microg/dl. These data suggest that the threshold for clinical concern should be reduced to 5 microg/dl.

title: Effects of early childhood lead exposure on academic performance and behaviour of school age XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behaviour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of bone marrow from matched sibling donors have been useful for the treatment of @entity981 in @entity1 with a poor prognosis but are not available to some two thirds of @entity1 who do not have a matched allogeneic donor. We undertook this study to compare autologous and allogeneic marrow transplantation in the treatment of such cases. We treated 91 @entity1 with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and followed them for 1.4 to 5 years. Forty-six @entity1 with an HLA-matched donor received allogeneic marrow, and 45 @entity1 without a matched donor received their own marrow taken during remission and purged of leukemic cells with use of monoclonal antibodies. Bone marrow engraftment occurred earlier in @entity1 who received autologous marrow. Recipients of autologous marrow had shorter hospital courses, with significantly fewer peritransplantation @entity204 than recipients of allogeneic marrow. Post-transplantation relapse of @entity1778 was the most frequent cause of treatment failure; relapses occurred in an estimated 37 percent of @entity1 with allogeneic grafts in whom graft-versus-host disease developed, 75 percent of @entity1 with allogeneic grafts in whom graft-versus-host disease did not develop, and 79 percent of @entity1 who received autologous grafts. The interval before relapse was significantly shorter in the autologous-marrow group than in the allogeneic-marrow group. Recipients of autologous and allogeneic marrow whose first pretransplantation remissions were short (less than 18 months) had eventual outcomes similar to those whose first remissions were longer than 18 months. @entity1 with a first remission lasting less than 18 months had an outcome better than that expected with chemotherapy alone. The fractions of "cured" @entity1 were estimated to be 20 percent in the autologous-marrow group and 27 percent in the allogeneic-marrow group--not a significant difference, but because of the limited statistical power of the study, the question of long-term disease-free survival must still be considered open.

title: Comparison of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for treatment of high-risk refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Recently it has been shown that dendritic cells (DC) can develop from peripheral blood monocytes when grown in the presence of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ). However, it is unclear whether DC can also develop from monocytes in absence of these cytokines. We therefore analyzed the effect of @entity11601 ( @entity11601 ) and of @entity2936 ligand on the development of @entity1 DC from blood monocytes in the absence of @entity2841 . Adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were cultured in the presence of different cytokine combinations and analyzed for the expression of surface molecules and antigen presenting capacity. For functional analyses, cells were tested for their ability to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), to present soluble antigens, and to induce primary @entity645 -peptide-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in vitro. Furthermore, expression of @entity11602 , a recently identified chemokine with specific expression in DC, and of @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ), a growth and differentiation factor for Th 1 lymphocytes, was analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In our study, @entity11601 alone was not sufficient to generate DC and required addition of @entity3646 . DC generated with @entity11601 and @entity3646 underwent maturation after stimulation with @entity5 necrosis factor- (TNF-) or @entity11603 , characterized by @entity8730 expression, upregulation of MHC, adhesion, and costimulatory molecules as well as increased allogeneic proliferative response. In contrast, @entity2936 ligation alone promoted differentiation of adherent blood monocytes into functional DC in the absence of @entity2841 and @entity3646 . These cells displayed all phenotypic and functional characteristics of mature DC and were potent stimulatory cells in priming of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CTL responses against an @entity645 -peptide, whereas their ability to present soluble protein antigens was reduced. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR, @entity11602 and @entity8923 transcripts were detected in all generated DC populations, independent of growth factors used. Our findings provide further evidence for the importance of @entity2936 - @entity11603 interaction for initiation and maintenance of T-cell responses and confirm the emerging concept that blood monocytes provide an additional source of DC depending on external stimuli.

title: Generation of functional @entity1 dendritic cells from adherent peripheral blood monocytes by XXXX ligation in the absence of @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: In 1974 a replantation service started at the authors' department. Before that time the treatment of @entity1796 was mainly performed secondarily. Therefore, the authors had the opportunity to compare @entity1 after primary and secondary surgery. In 52 primarily and 22 secondarily treated @entity1 the technique of Kleinert was used. Following issues were investigated: functional results, decrease of grip strength, influence of early mobilization on sensibility restoration in cases of @entity128 , relation between sensitivity to cold and vessel and nerve @entity130 , duration of physiotherapy and disability. The damage of only one finger might lead to decrease of grip strength. Primary surgery was superior to secondary surgery. Early mobilization in cases of additional nerve @entity130 did not affect sensibility restoration. Poor sensibility increased the chance of cold sensitivity. The duration of physiotherapy and of disability depended on the need for second procedures such as tenolysis which was more common in the group of secondarily treated @entity1 .

title: [Comparative study of primary and secondary management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['flexor tendon injuries']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['flexor tendon injuries']


abstract: Strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota in infancy have been considered to prevent the development of @entity56 later in life. We aimed to elucidate the effects of maternal dietary supplementation with a prebiotic oligosaccharide on gut microbiota and spontaneously developing @entity272 in the offspring of NC/Nga @entity19 . Female NC/Nga @entity19 were fed diets either with or without fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring were fed the diets supplemented with or without fructo-oligosaccharide for 11 weeks in an air-uncontrolled conventional room. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. @entity272 were evaluated by a clinical score and scratching behaviour. Serum antibody levels were measured by ELISA, and expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in lesional tissue were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Maternal supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide modulated the gut microbiota in sucklings. Although maternal supplementation with @entity16468 suppressed the increase in clinical skin severity score and scratching behaviour in offspring, dietary fructo-oligosaccharide after weaning was less effective. The diminution of @entity272 was accompanied by lower serum concentrations of total @entity6527 and lower expression levels of @entity637 in the lesional tissue. These data suggest that maternal consumption of fructo-oligosaccharide diminishes the severity of @entity272 in the offspring of NC/Nga @entity19 .

title: Maternal consumption of fructo-oligosaccharide diminishes the severity of skin inflammation in offspring of NC/Nga XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16468 :: ('MESH:C116580', 'Chemical') :: ['fructo-oligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions', 'Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']