abstract: The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 65 primary @entity704 are reported (43 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ; 19-81 years old). Thymectomy was performed in all cases. Masaoka staging for 53 @entity1 showed 3 @entity1 in stage I, 14 in stage II, 17 in stage III, and 19 in stage IV. Histologic studies revealed 9 @entity189 subtypes. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 showed high rates of expression for cytokeratin, @entity15529 , and @entity25965 . Follow-up for 62 @entity1 revealed that 36 @entity1 were alive (mean follow-up, 51.1 months) and 26 had died (mean survival, 47.5 months). The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 76.6% and 65.7%, respectively. Our findings suggest that @entity704 may behave less aggressively than commonly believed. Lymph node status and @entity5 size seem to be important prognostic factors. The Masaoka staging system does not seem to reliably predict outcome.

title: XXXX , part 1: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 65 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Thymic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized study was undertaken to determine whether prophylactic maintenance instillation of @entity1259 following induction treatment is beneficial in @entity1 with superficial @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity1 with resectable superficial @entity150 (Ta-1, single, multiple, primary or recurrent with, however, no recurrence during the last year) were enrolled in this study. In both arms, @entity1259 (40 mg/ml in normal saline) was administered six times within 4 weeks after a transurethral resection of the @entity150 (s). In arm A, the @entity1 received 11 additional monthly instillations of @entity1259 . RESULTS: Of the 148 @entity1 , 138 (93.2%) were eligible and followed for an average of 29.6 months. 93 (67.4%) had a solitary @entity5 . No significant difference in the recurrence-free curve was observed between the two arms (p = 0.62). The recurrence rate per year was 0.16 in arm A and 0.17 in arm B. @entity137 included vesical @entity146 in 10 (7.2%) and @entity811 in 1 @entity1 . No significant difference in the frequency or degree of @entity137 was observed between the two arms. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that maintenance instillation of @entity1259 does not reduce superficial @entity150 recurrence.

title: A randomized study of short-versus long-term intravesical @entity1259 instillation for superficial XXXX . Nagoya University Urological Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Nutritional assessment is an indispensable tool for the evaluation and clinical monitoring of @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Acute @entity177 interferes with the metabolism of all macronutrients, responsible for proinflammatory, pro-oxidative and hypercatabolic situations. The major @entity17304 in @entity810 @entity1 are @entity11744 , @entity4854 , and @entity2298 . Those added to the contributions of the underlying disease, complications, and the need for renal replacement therapy can interfere in the nutritional depletion of those @entity1 . @entity3147 in @entity810 @entity1 is associated with increased incidence of complications, longer hospitalization, and higher hospital mortality. However, there are few studies evaluating the nutritional status of @entity810 @entity1 . Anthropometric parameters, such as body mass index, arm circumference, and thickness of skin folds, are difficult to interpret due to changes in hydration status in those @entity1 . Biochemical parameters commonly used in clinical practice are also influenced by non-nutritional factors like @entity1578 and inflammatory status. Although there are no prospective data about the behavior of nutritional markers, some authors demonstrated associations of some parameters with clinical outcomes. The use of markers like albumin, @entity165 , prealbumin, @entity442 , subjective global assessment, and calculation of the @entity1568 balance seem to be useful as screening parameters for worse prognosis and higher mortality in @entity810 @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity810 on renal replacement therapy, a caloric intake of 25 to 30 kcal/kg and a minimum amount of 1.5 g/kg/day of protein is recommended to minimize protein catabolism and prevent metabolic complications.

title: Nutritional aspects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity11744 :: ('MESH:C565476', 'Disease') :: ['hypercatabolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['loss of liver function']

entities_list: @entity17304 :: ('MESH:D009748', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional disorders']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor early growth response-1 ( @entity5738 ) regulates @entity1068 -induced @entity1560 . However, the mechanism(s) through which @entity1068 oxidation controls @entity5738 is unknown. Here, using recombinant @entity157 (HepG2; VL-17A) cells that metabolize @entity1068 , we show that @entity167 dehydrogenase catalysis of @entity1068 oxidation and subsequent @entity3094 production controls @entity5738 expression. Further, the induction of @entity5738 enhances expression of other @entity1560 -related genes, resulting in @entity412 accumulation. @entity1068 exposure increased @entity5738 promoter activity, messenger RNA and @entity5738 protein levels in VL-17A cells. Elevated @entity5738 protein was sustained by an @entity1068 -induced decrease in proteasome activity, thereby stabilizing the @entity5738 protein. @entity5738 induction depended on @entity1068 oxidation, as it was prevented when @entity1068 oxidation was blocked. @entity1068 exposure induced @entity5738 and @entity412 accumulation only in @entity167 dehydrogenase-expressing cells that produced @entity3094 . Such induction did not occur in parental, non-metabolizing HepG2 cells or in cells that express only @entity5321 . However, direct exposure of HepG2 cells to @entity3094 induced both @entity5738 protein and @entity1674 . @entity5738 over-expression elevated @entity412 levels, which were augmented by @entity1068 exposure. However, these @entity412 levels did not exceed those in @entity1068 -exposed cells that had normal @entity5738 expression. Conversely, @entity5738 knockdown by siRNA only partially blocked @entity1068 -induced @entity412 accumulation and was associated not only with lower @entity5738 expression but also attenuation of @entity21434 and @entity310 mRNAs. Double knockdown of both @entity5738 and @entity21434 abolished @entity1068 -elicited @entity1560 . Collectively, our findings provide important new insights into the temporal regulation by @entity1068 oxidation of @entity5738 and cellular @entity1560 .

title: Cellular @entity1560 in XXXX oxidizing-HepG2 cells is partially controlled by the transcription factor, early growth response-1.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The selective @entity750 3 antagonist @entity3974 has been shown to be effective in preventing @entity390 and @entity391 associated with highly emetogenic @entity900 chemotherapy. Two multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison studies (S3A-361 and S3A-362) were undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral @entity3974 in @entity1 receiving non- @entity900 , @entity786 -based regimens in the outpatient setting. Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 undergoing their first cycle of @entity786 -based (> or = 500 mg/m2) chemotherapy were randomized to receive placebo or @entity3974 , 1, 4, or 8 mg, three times per day for 3 days. In addition to @entity786 , all @entity1 received @entity632 , @entity1499 , or another low-to-moderately emetogenic agent. In study S3A-361, 318 of 349 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy; 297 of 324 @entity1 in study S3A-362 were evaluable for efficacy. All @entity1 in both studies were evaluable for safety. All @entity3974 groups were superior to placebo groups in both studies for all measured efficacy parameters. In the two studies combined, 14%, 47%, 65%, and 66% of @entity1 in the placebo, 1-, 4-, and 8-mg @entity3974 groups, respectively, experienced no emetic episodes. The rate of therapeutic failure was statistically lower in the @entity3974 groups in both studies compared with the placebo groups. In addition, therapeutic failure decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Severity of @entity390 , food intake, time to first emetic episode, and need for rescue antiemetics were also improved for the @entity3974 groups. When the @entity1 were stratified for @entity632 -containing regimens, those @entity1 receiving @entity632 had a lower response rate with placebo and @entity3974 than those on non- @entity632 regimens. However, a dose-related improvement in efficacy was still observed with @entity3974 in this subset of @entity1 . In @entity1 receiving the more emetogenic high-dose @entity786 (> or = 600 mg/m2) regimens, a dose-related improvement in efficacy also was observed. In conclusion, oral @entity3974 was found to be an effective and safe antiemetic for @entity1 receiving @entity786 -based chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. The 8-mg dose was optimal, particularly in @entity1 receiving @entity632 -containing or high-dose @entity786 regimens.

title: Efficacy of XXXX tablets in the management of chemotherapy-induced emesis: review of clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: Highly significant improvement of symptoms was found during treatment with @entity34541 ( @entity34541 ) over a period of 4 weeks in 56 in- @entity1 with various @entity627 , particularly @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), and lumbar and cervical syndromes. During the first week @entity34541 was given at a daily dosage of 1200 mg and thereafter 600 mg. At the same time 21 of the @entity1 with @entity309 and 13 with @entity1691 received @entity4545 injections (0.25 mg twice a week). Already after the first week of treatment a highly significant decrease of disease activity was noticed, as judged by the amount of @entity158 , inhibition of movements, joint swelling and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The latter decreased on an average by 50% during the treatment period indicating a reduction of the inflammatory process. 51 of the 56 @entity1 showed a satisfactory to very good tolerance of the treatment. @entity34541 was discontinued in 5 @entity1 during the first week, because gastro-intestinal intolerance occurred with the 1200 mg dosage. One of these 5 @entity1 tolerated the smaller dosage later. As 3 of the 5 @entity1 belonged to the @entity309 and @entity1691 groups, the @entity4545 administration also has to be considered with regards to the intolerance. Because of possible side effects the higher dosage of @entity34541 should be given as short term treatment of highly active disease processes only. @entity34541 reduced the serum @entity414 level in 38 of 45 @entity1 . Pathologically increased levels were reduced to normal in 15 of 17 @entity1 .

title: [Experiences in the management of XXXX using different @entity34541 doses].

entities_list: @entity34541 :: ('MESH:C073326', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofezone', 'Perclusone', 'clofezone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) are increasingly observed after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The aim of this study was to determine the risk of @entity3814 after spine SBRT and identify clinical and dosimetric factors predictive for @entity3814 . The analysis incorporated the recently described Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) criteria. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The primary endpoint of this study was the development of a de novo @entity3814 (ie, new endplate @entity174 or @entity85 ) or @entity174 progression based on an existing @entity174 at the site of treatment after SBRT. We retrospectively scored 167 spinal segments in 90 @entity1 treated with spine SBRT according to each of the 6 SINS criteria. We also evaluated the presence of paraspinal extension, prior radiation, various dosimetric parameters including dose per fraction (>= 20 Gy vs <20 Gy), age, and histology. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 7.4 months. We identified 19 @entity174 (11%): 12 de novo @entity174 (63%) and 7 cases of @entity174 progression (37%). The mean time to @entity174 after SBRT was 3.3 months (range, 0.5-21.6 months). The 1-year @entity174 -free probability was 87.3%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that alignment (P=.0003), @entity75 (P=.007), lung (P=.03) and hepatocellular (P<.0001) primary histologies, and dose per fraction of 20 Gy or greater (P=.004) were significant predictors of @entity3814 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity85 and the presence of @entity5 were the only predictive factors of @entity3814 based on the original 6 SINS criteria. We also report that @entity1 with @entity2 and treatment with SBRT of 20 Gy or greater in a single fraction are at a higher risk of @entity3814 .

title: XXXX ( @entity3814 ) after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): analysis of predictive factors.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lytic tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung and hepatocellular tumors']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCF', 'VCFs', 'Vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic/scoliotic deformity', 'collapse deformity']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['Vertebral compression fracture']


abstract: With the use of the whole cell patch-clamp technique, multiple subtypes of voltage-activated @entity460 channels, as indicated by measuring @entity8594 currents, were pharmacologically identified in acutely dissociated intracardiac neurons from adult @entity35 . All tested neurons that were held at -80 mV displayed only high-voltage-activated ( @entity3829 ) @entity141 channel currents that were completely blocked by 100 microM @entity10278 . The current density of HVA @entity141 currents was dependent on the external @entity141 concentration. The @entity8594 (5 mM) currents were half-activated at -16.3 mV with a slope of 5.6 mV per e-fold change. The steady-state inactivation was also voltage dependent with half-inactivation at -33.7 mV and a slope of -12.1 mV per e-fold change. The most effective L-type channel activator, @entity55210 (2 microM), enhanced the @entity8594 current in a voltage-dependent manner. When cells were held at -80 mV, the saturating concentration (10 microM) of @entity594 blocked approximately 11% of the control @entity8594 current. The major component of the @entity141 channels was N type (63%), which was blocked by a saturating concentration (1 microM) of omega-conotoxin GVIA. Approximately 19% of the control @entity8594 current was sensitive to omega-conotoxin MVIIC (5 microM) but insensitive to low concentrations (30 and 100 nM) of omega-agatoxin @entity3480 (omega-Aga @entity3480 ). In addition, a high concentration (1 microM) of omega-Aga @entity3480 occluded the effect of omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Taken together, these results indicate that the omega-conotoxin MVIIC-sensitive current represents only the Q type of @entity141 channels. The current that was insensitive to @entity594 and various toxins represents the R-type current (7%), which was sensitive to 100 microM @entity4437 . In conclusion, the intracardiac neurons from adult @entity35 express at least four different subtypes (L, N, Q, and R) of HVA @entity141 channels. This information is essential for understanding the regulation of synaptic transmission and excitability of intracardiac neurons by different neurotransmitters and neural regulation of cardiac functions.

title: XXXX channel currents in acutely dissociated intracardiac neurons from adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: All @entity1245 enter cerebral tissue rapidly. However, the duration of action is short for @entity3175 (< 2 hours) and @entity1363 (3 to 4 hours) and longer for @entity2053 (24 hours) and @entity2934 (up to 72 hours), and is not correlated with the plasma concentration-time profiles of these drugs. Although a relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity3175 , @entity2934 and @entity1363 and their pharmacodynamic effect has been demonstrated in healthy individuals, some caution is warranted as the clinical relevance of these data has not been clearly established. The physicochemical properties of @entity1245 (lipid solubility and protein binding) regulate their rate and extent of entry into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the duration of the pharmacological activity of @entity1245 may be in part related to the affinity of these compounds for the @entity1245 receptors in the brain: @entity1363 , @entity2053 and @entity2934 have higher affinities than @entity3175 . In the emergency setting, the intravenous route is the most suitable, delivering adequate quantities of @entity1245 as fast as possible. However, when intravenous administration is not available, rectal administration of a solution is a convenient method for @entity3175 , @entity1363 being the only one of these drugs that should be given intramuscularly. The assessment of the efficacy of @entity1245 in the management of acute @entity410 and @entity159 is mainly based on nonrandomized uncontrolled trials. According to the route of administration, the efficacy was 28.6 to 100% (intrarectal) and 54 to 100% (intravenous) for @entity3175 , 82 to 100% (intravenous) for @entity2934 , and 79% (intranasal), 93 to 100% (intramuscular) and 100% (intravenous) for @entity1363 . Although @entity3175 was initially chosen for the management of refractory @entity159 , the longer duration of action of @entity2934 and @entity2053 may favour the use of these 2 drugs. However, double-blind evaluations are necessary to determine which drug is best.

title: Pharmacokinetic optimization of XXXX therapy for acute @entity410 . Focus on delivery routes.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Leakage of fluid from the subglottic space to the lungs occurs along the longitudinal folds within the wall of an inflated high-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) cuff. The low-volume, low-pressure (LVLP) cuff does not have these folds yet allows for convenient and reliable control of tracheal wall pressure. Pulmonary @entity1173 during anesthesia has been linked with @entity86 and during @entity3124 causes @entity2489 . DESIGN: Prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial; prospective observational study; and benchtop models. SETTING: Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital. @entity1 : Anesthetized @entity1 (n=38) and @entity3124 @entity1 with either an LVLP or HVLP cuffed tracheostomy tube following swallow assessments (n=67). INTERVENTIONS: The LVLP cuff was compared with HVLP cuffs for leakage of dye placed in the subglottic space to the tracheobronchial tree in a rigid tracheal model and a benchtop @entity1707 @entity825 model (before and after a standardized cuff movement). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In the rigid tracheal model, the incidence of leakage was 0% in the LVLP group and 100% in the HVLP group (p<.01). Dye leakage in the @entity1707 tracheal model with HVLP cuffs was 44% before tube movement, increasing to 79% afterward. The LVLP cuff did not leak in the @entity1707 tracheal model. Dye leakage in anesthetized @entity1 was 0% before movement and 5% after in the LVLP group and in the HVLP group 22% increasing to 67% after movement (p<.001). Forty-nine percent of swallow assessments were scored as failed in the critical care @entity1 with @entity551 cuffs, and there were no episodes of @entity1173 following swallow assessment in the LVLP group (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LVLP cuffed tracheal and tracheostomy tubes @entity358 in the benchtop models and in anesthetized and @entity3124 @entity1 . The single failure of the LVLP cuff in the anesthesia group was probably associated with accidental endobronchial intubation following tube movement.

title: A low-volume, low-pressure tracheal tube cuff XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['reduced pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['HVLP tracheostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['reduces pulmonary aspiration']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 68-year-old @entity1 was hospitalized because of @entity221 and tiredness for 3 months. Her general condition was clearly impaired. She had a mild @entity221 of 38.5 degrees C and on auscultation a 3/6 systolic murmur, maximal parasternally in the 3rd intercostal space, transmitted to the apex. There were distant r  les over both lungs, the neck veins were distended and there was ankle @entity4 . INVESTIGATIONS: C-reactive protein was raised to 17.3 mg/dl (normal up to 0.9 mg/dl), WBC count 19,300/microliter. beta-haemolysing @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ) was grown in the blood culture. The ECG showed @entity7129 (rate of 98/min) and transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a small pericardial, enlarged ventricles, marked @entity339 and a large vegetation on the posterior mitral leaflet, as well as a 3 x 4 cm mass in the posterior wall of the ventricle, originating from the posterior mitral valve ring and communicating with the vegetation on the mitral valve. The posterior mitral leaflet was perforated. TREATMENT AND COURSE: As @entity884 of the mitral valve with a complicated course was suspected-abscess of the posterior mitral valve ring and @entity296 with associated @entity2396 and haemodynamically insignificant effusion-she was transferred to the intensive care unit where she died suddenly of @entity1167 only 30 min after transfer. Autopsy confirmed the echocardiographic findings. CONCLUSION: @entity733 in the course of @entity339 is rare, but should be looked for at transthoracic echocardiography so that any necessary surgical intervention can be undertaken early.

title: [Septic @entity296 in XXXX . Clinical and pathological-anatomical findings].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['septic myocardial aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve endocarditis', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['S. agalactiae', 'streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Paravalvular abscess']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity989 remains a common problem. A low rate of this disorder was unexpectedly observed among @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity2361 to prevent @entity3638 . This observation led to the investigation of its use to prevent @entity989 . OBJECTIVES: To answer the question: Among very low birth weight @entity1 , what is the effect of prophylactic administration of @entity2361 on the incidence of acute @entity6109 or severe @entity6109 , and side effects including death? SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were made of multiple electronic databases, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conference/symposia proceedings, and expert informants. The search was updated to November 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that administered @entity2361 to @entity1 less than 2000g birth weight within the day following birth were considered relevant to this review. Additional case series were examined for potential side effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on clinical outcomes were excerpted by 3 reviewers independently, and consensus reached. Data analysis was conducted according to the standards of the Neonatal Cochrane Review Group. MAIN RESULTS: Two randomized trials on the effects on @entity6109 were identified. When combined, they showed a significantly lower incidence of acute @entity6109 in the treated @entity1 , relative risk of 0.09, 95% CI [0.01,0.71]. Severe stages of @entity6109 could not be analyzed. There was no effect on death rates, relative risk 0.99 95% CI [0.70,1.39]. No side effects were reported, and follow up at one year revealed no significant differences in @entity508 or @entity245 , although there were more rehospitalizations among the controls. In other reports of using @entity2361 in over 140 @entity1 for @entity3638 , @entity1910 were reported in 2 @entity1 and one had vomiting that may have been related. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity2361 is unlikely to affect survival, and may reduce the incidence of acute @entity6109 among survivors. Studies to date justify further investigation of this drug in a broader population; careful attention to possible side effects is needed.

title: XXXX for preventing @entity989 in preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'Retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['d-penicillamine', 'D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-Penicillamine']


abstract: Although it is recognized that some other lesion may be the cause, a presumptive diagnosis of @entity6984 is usually made when a focal stenotic lesion of the common hepatic duct is seen on a cholangiogram of a @entity1087 @entity1 . Biopsy is so often nondiagnostic that decisions about therapy are usually made on the basis of the imaging tests and lack of evidence for some other disease. Because the accuracy and consequences of this strategy have never been tested, we contrasted the preoperative diagnosis of @entity6984 with the final diagnosis in 98 consecutive @entity1 treated from 1985 to 1990. Preoperative investigations included ultrasound and computed tomographic scans, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and angiography. @entity201 of the bile duct were correctly diagnosed in 68 cases. The final diagnosis was other than a sclerosing @entity420 in 30 (31%) cases. There were 5 @entity1126 , 12 @entity1086 invading the bile duct, 5 @entity3 to the bile duct, 2 cases of @entity13083 , 3 @entity738 , and 3 cases of idiopathic @entity850 . @entity1 with @entity4937 had an extensive filling defect of the duct, which was often thought to be unresectable. However, four of these five lesions could be completely excised, and the @entity5 was confined to the duct wall in all four. The outcome of surgical treatment of the other eight @entity1 with benign lesions was good in most cases. These findings demonstrate the pitfalls of assuming that a focal stenosis of the hepatic duct represents a sclerosing @entity420 . The diagnosis is much less specific than is generally thought, so there is considerable opportunity for mismanaging such @entity1 .

title: Differential diagnosis of sclerosing @entity201 of the common hepatic duct ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity13083 :: ('MESH:D057792', 'Disease') :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bile duct carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumor']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['benign focal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity6984 :: (MESH:D018285,Disease) :: ['Klatskin tumors']


abstract: Reproducible animal models of @entity64 are indispensable for investigation of pathogenesis and treatment of @entity2806 . Defined location and size of @entity1188 as well as consistent production of @entity51 make it possible to evaluate therapeutic potential of neuroprotective agents as well as to assess the impact of gene deletion [ @entity38021 . Med. 3 (1997) 1089; Science 265 (1994) 1883; @entity38021 . Med. 4 (1998) 228] or overexpression [J. Neurochem. 72 (1999) 1187; J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 7655] on neuroprotection in genetically altered @entity19 . @entity385 in @entity19 can be reliably replicated by means of an open craniectomy exposure followed by permanent occlusion of the trunk and branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Open craniectomy model is known to be statistically robust, yielding a coefficient of variation of <10%, and requiring minimal number of animals to validate the concept of statistical power. In the past, this model as well as some of its variants had been used in pivotal scientific studies to demonstrate impact of therapeutic genes on the course of @entity2806 [Neuron 13 (1994) 1017], as well as identification of 'culprit genes' responsible for progression of @entity63 [J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metab. 14 (1994) 887; Science 265 (1994) 1883; J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 7655] through continuous recruitment of marginally @entity63 penumbra into @entity63 core [Trends Neurosci. 22 (1999) 391]. This protocol describes mapping of the @entity63 penumbra using @entity1110 diaphorase staining as well as assessment of penumbral endogenous antioxidant reserves by detection of cellular biliverdin reductase mRNA and protein levels using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization histological techniques.

title: Assessment of induction of biliverdin reductase in a XXXX model of middle cerebral artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'ischemic neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of strategies that incorporated bevacizumab into the primary @entity902 -based treatment of @entity43 : 1) no bevacizumab; 2) concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab for all; 3) bevacizumab for suboptimally debulked stage III and stage IV disease (high-risk cohort); and the evaluation of an alternative exploratory strategy of 4) directed bevacizumab therapy based on a predictive test for bevacizumab responsiveness. METHODS: A modified Markov state transition model with a 3-year time horizon that simulated publically available International @entity43 (ICON7) trial outcomes was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of each strategy. Costs and adverse events were incorporated. An alternative strategy was used to model the impact on overall survival of a genetic-based predictive test. A Monte Carlo simulation simultaneously accounted for uncertainty in key parameters. RESULTS: The incorporation of bevacizumab for high-risk @entity1 had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of  168,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved compared with chemotherapy alone and dominated a strategy of giving bevacizumab to all @entity1 with @entity43 . Monte Carlo simulation acceptability curves indicated that, at a willingness-to-pay threshold of  200,000 per QALY, the treatment of high-risk @entity1 with bevacizumab was the strategy of choice in 84% of simulations. A predictive test had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of  129,000 per QALY compared with chemotherapy alone and dominated other bevacizumab treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The selective treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 was a more cost-effective use of bevacizumab than universal treatment but still did not fall within the limits of common willingness-to-pay thresholds. Continued investigation of potentially cost-effective strategies, such as a predictive test, is necessary to optimize the use of this expensive treatment.

title: Cost effectiveness of alternative strategies for incorporating bevacizumab into the primary treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms', 'suboptimal and/or stage IV ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate combined phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, and goniosynechialysis (phaco- @entity5132 ) prospectively in eyes with more than 180 degrees of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) when performed within 6 months of an attack of @entity2747 ( @entity2747 ). DESIGN: Prospective, noncontrolled clinical trial. @entity1 : @entity1 who had presented with acute @entity2747 and had persistently uncontrolled IOP despite successful laser iridotomy for @entity616 and argon laser peripheral iridoplasty for continued appositional closure after iridotomy. INTERVENTION: After the completion of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation, goniosynechialysis was performed in 52 eyes of 48 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative visual acuity, IOP, extent of @entity1897 , and number of medications, if any, required for IOP control. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure was less than 20 mmHg in 47 eyes (90.4%) without medications; 4 were controlled with medications and 1 required filtration. Mean extent of @entity1897 was reduced from 310 degrees to 60 degrees. Peripheral anterior @entity5862 formation or IOP elevation did not recur after 3 months after surgery up to 6 years. Eight @entity1 achieved 20/20 visual acuity, while 44 @entity1 had less than 20/20 visual acuity. No @entity1 had worse visual acuity after surgery compared to before surgery. CONCLUSION: Phaco- @entity5132 and PCIOL implantation is effective in reducing @entity1897 and IOP and improving visual acuity in eyes with persistent chronic @entity2747 when performed within 6 months after treatment for acute @entity2747 .

title: Combined phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis for uncontrolled chronic @entity2747 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PAS', 'peripheral anterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma', 'ACG']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma']


abstract: The virulence of a strain of @entity3531 isolated during an outbreak of mild disease in @entity1707 in New South Wales in 1960/61 (the NSW strain) was compared over 11 days with that of a virulent strain by inoculating 8 @entity1707 with each virus and comparing the ensuing clinical signs and pathology. Both viruses caused persistent @entity221 and @entity1431 , the NSW strain 4 to 5 days and the virulent strain 3 days, after inoculation. Few other clinical signs were observed in the @entity1707 inoculated with the NSW strain. In contrast, all @entity1707 inoculated with the virulent strain became progressively @entity308 and incoordinated, and were killed between days 6 and 9. @entity3127 and swollen, reddened lymph nodes were observed in @entity1707 inoculated with both viruses. Few other gross lesions were observed with the NSW strain, but some @entity1707 receiving the virulent strain had pustules in the tonsil and the anterior oesophagus, petechial @entity548 in the kidney, and small @entity1188 at the margins of the spleen. There were marked differences in the histopathology, both in the variety of organs affected and the severity of lesions in individual organs. @entity3127 occurred in both groups. Other changes in the @entity1707 affected with the NSW strain were @entity1960 , mild @entity12513 , @entity39 , @entity548 and neutrophil infiltration in some lymph nodes and spleens. In @entity1707 infected with virulent virus the @entity12513 was so severe that there was @entity39 of cells within the vessel walls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of XXXX . 1. Clinical and pathological studies.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity3531 :: ('11096', 'Species') :: ['hog cholera virus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopneumonia', 'Suppurative bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['hog cholera virus']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity764 after a road traffic accident. The @entity1 was paraplegic and suffered from transient monoparesia of the left arm. The chest X-ray revealed a severe right tension pneumothorax and thoracic spine @entity174 . Emergency right thoracic drainage was carried out followed by angiography. Unfortunately the @entity1 died and an autopsy was not permitted. Consequently post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was performed, revealing presence of air inside the right cerebral arteries, bilateral pneumothorax accompanied by a severe right tension pneumothorax, bilateral haematic @entity1143 , @entity14303 and bilateral lung contusions. Air was also observed within the right coronary artery, ascending aorta and right ventricle. @entity1514 and cervical @entity4282 were diagnosed. @entity1211 followed by @entity3728 producing paradoxical @entity887 was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case illustrating by post-mortem MSCT such simultaneous complications after @entity764 as @entity4282 and cerebral and coronary air @entity887 .

title: Post-traumatic @entity1211 associated with XXXX : multi-slice computed tomography diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['arterial air embolism']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural emphysema']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous air embolism']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['spinal epidural emphysema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) is a clinical entity that develops after sustained and uncontrolled @entity101 ( @entity101 ). The @entity8479 is clinically characterized by a massively distended abdomen and respiratory, @entity51 . OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to demonstrate the benefit of early diagnosis of @entity8479 and @entity8479 and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a prospective study that included all @entity1 admitted to Hospital de Especialidades Miguel Hidalgo with known @entity8479 risk factors between January 2002 and December 2003. All @entity1 were submitted to systematic measurements of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Those @entity1 with grade III-IV @entity101 were treated with decompressive laparotomy. RESULTS: Included in the study were 32 @entity1 (23 males and 9 females). Mean age was 45.0 +/- 18.34 years. Twenty three @entity1 developed @entity101 grade I-II (group I) and nine developed grade IIIIV (group II). All group II @entity1 were treated with abdominal decompression. The most common clinical entities associated were closed @entity1661 (28%), @entity547 (15%), intestinal occlusions: (12.5%), acute @entity788 (9.4%) and @entity5327 (6.3%). Grade III-IV @entity101 was statistically associated with reoperation (p = 0.038), @entity520 (p = 0.003), @entity1696 (p < 0.001) and sustained arterial @entity551 (p = 0.004). The significant variables associated to mortality were @entity1696 (p = 0.024) and grade III-IV IAHTA (0.017). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to make an early diagnosis of @entity101 and @entity8479 with an indirect measurement of IAP. The most important factors related to mortality are @entity1696 and @entity101 .

title: [Early diagnosis and risk factors associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal hypertension', 'IAHT']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension', 'Abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, neurologic, and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity8479 :: (MESH:D059325,Disease) :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new @entity303 phenotype of @entity24575 ( @entity24575 ) in a previously unreported Italian family. Design Longitudinal clinical and neuropsychological assessment, combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single positron emission tomography (SPECT) and molecular genetic studies. Setting Neuropsychology Laboratory, and Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, "C. Besta" National Neurological Institute. @entity1 and @entity1 Three members of the family. Measurements and results. Standardised neuropsychological tests were used to determine cognitive patterns. The proband had a history of primary @entity303 characterised by loss of initiative, planning, behaviour control, awareness, language and memory; the two relatives suffered from progressive @entity2055 . MRI of the demented @entity1 revealed @entity1010 with a hyperintense signal in the frontal cortex; SPECT revealed decreased perfusion in the left temporal and parietal cortex and left thalamus. The two ataxic @entity1 showed @entity76 with no signs of altered perfusion. Analysis of the @entity3669 gene showed a @entity1521 / @entity368 substitution at codon 102 in all three @entity1 , associated with @entity1853 / @entity4857 heterozygosity at the polymorphic codon 129. Conclusions Primary @entity303 with prominent frontotemporal signs is a new phenotypical expression of @entity31967 -related @entity24575 that coexists in the same family with the ataxic form of the disease. This remarkable variability suggests that still unidentified genetic or acquired factors may modulate the manifestations of @entity24575 . Genetic examination of the @entity3669 should be included in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with poorly classifiable @entity303 .

title: Atypical frontotemporal dementia as a new clinical phenotype of @entity24575 with the @entity3669 - XXXX mutation. Description of a previously unreported Italian family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity24575 :: ('MESH:D016098', 'Disease') :: ['GSS', 'Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity31967 :: (p|SUB|P|102|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P102L']


abstract: Significant late intestinal and urinary morbidity from external beam irradiation for @entity263 has been a constant concern of both the urologist and the radiation oncologist. We analyzed two large Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trials (7506 and 7706) using primary irradiation in the treatment of local or locoregional @entity263 to assess morbidity via the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring scheme (grade 1-5). One thousand twenty @entity1 were treated in total with a minimum follow-up of 7 years in the surviving @entity1 . There was a 3.3% incidence of intestinal complications defined as grade 3 @entity137 or more with .6% of @entity1 experiencing @entity1744 or perforation. Urinary complications defined as grade 3 @entity137 or more were found in 7.7% of @entity1 with only 0.5% experiencing morbidity that would require a major surgical intervention such as laparotomy, cystectomy, or prolonged hospitalization. @entity1944 were evaluated in reference to several parameters that might have an impact on their incidence (i.e., previous laparotomy, stage of disease, @entity101 , positive lymph nodes, previous transurethral resection, total dose, and energy of accelerator used). Only total dose (greater than 70 Gray) was found to have a significant impact on the incidence of the urinary complications. None of these factors had a significant impact on the incidence of intestinal complications. These data from two large multi-institutional trials represent a fair estimate of the actual incidence of major intestinal and urinary complications from external beam irradiation in the management of local and locoregional @entity263 . Since the incidence of these major complications remains very low, we believe that external beam irradiation remains an excellent alternative to radical prostatectomy in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for XXXX : analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal and urinary complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Over-expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is correlated with @entity1778 @entity3 . @entity7 acts by binding to its membrane receptors R1 and R2 present in soluble forms (sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2) with different functions. sVEGFR could inhibit @entity7 bioactivities, associated with favorable prognosis in @entity5 . However, its role is obscure in @entity149 ( @entity149 ). The aim of this study was to investigate sVEGFR1, R2 as biomarkers in @entity149 . Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were collected from 35 @entity1778 cases with or without CNS @entity3 . Levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in both CSF (sVEGFR1CSF, sVEGFR2CSF) and serum (sVEGFR1Serum, sVEGFR2Serum) were detected by ELISA. Other risk factors related to @entity149 prognosis were also analyzed. sVEGFRSerum levels were 2.54-fold (sVEGFR1) and 25.6-fold (sVEGFR2) higher than sVEGFRCSF in both leukemic groups. sVEGFR1CSF in @entity149 were 33 % higher than in the non- @entity149 , and the levels of sVEGFR2CSF and sVEGFR2Serum had the same trend. Elevated sVEGFR1CSF and sVEGFR2CSF is closely correlated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) values and WBCCSF that is an indicator of @entity6220 burden. Cox regression analysis showed that the sVEGFR2CSF had a positive effect on event-free survival. Our data suggest that sVEGFR2CSF may be more potent than sVEGFR1CSF in predicting the outcome of @entity1778 @entity1 , the balance between sVEGFR2CSF and @entity7 levels might be crucial for the progression of @entity149 .

title: The soluble @entity7 receptor 1 and 2 expression in cerebral spinal fluid as an indicator for XXXX central nervous system @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNSL disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor A', 'VEGF-A', 'VEGF-ACSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNSL', 'central nervous system leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: This paper investigates the preparation of @entity8072 samples for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Whole samples were prepared by both hot @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) solubilisation and precipitation using @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) to remove nonprotein contaminants and to inactivate endogenous proteases. Sample preparation had a marked influence on the 2-DE gel profile. @entity2974 precipitation resulted in no measurable improvement in the profile observed, compared to the untreated control. Solubilisation of sample with hot @entity214 increased the number of protein spots, as did @entity2974 precipitation with the addition of @entity8530 . The preparation of excretory-secretory (ES) products poses problems due to both high salt concentrations and low protein concentration. All precipitation methods used to overcome this gave similar profiles, except @entity1324 alone, which caused depletion of the larger proteins. @entity2974 in @entity1324 gave the best result, similar to that obtained by centrifugal filtration of the sample. Overcrowding of spots in some regions of the 2-DE gel occurred in the whole @entity8072 sample. This problem was alleviated by differential solubilisation, which also resulted in the enrichment of some proteins.

title: Investigation of XXXX sample preparation for two-dimensional electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8530 :: ('MESH:D010772', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotungstic acid']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity8072 :: (6192,Species) :: ['Fasciola hepatica']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess in a large population of @entity1 with @entity922 ( @entity922 ) the relevance of @entity75 location and frequency in predicting 1-year conversion to @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective study, clinical and MRI data at onset and clinical follow-up at 1 year were collected for 1,165 @entity1 with @entity922 . On T2-weighted MRI, we generated lesion probability maps of white matter (WM) lesion location and frequency. Voxelwise analyses were performed with a nonparametric permutation-based approach (p < 0.05, cluster-corrected). RESULTS: In @entity922 @entity1 with hemispheric, multifocal, and brainstem/cerebellar onset, lesion probability map clusters were seen in clinically eloquent brain regions. Significant lesion clusters were not found in @entity922 @entity1 with optic nerve and spinal cord onset. At 1 year, clinically definite @entity15 developed in 26% of @entity1 . The converting group, despite a greater baseline lesion load compared with the nonconverting group (7    8.1 cm3 vs. 4.6    6.7 cm3, p < 0.001), showed less widespread lesion distribution (18% vs. 25% of brain voxels occupied by lesions). High lesion frequency was found in the converting group in projection, association, and commissural WM tracts, with larger clusters being in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, and cingulum. CONCLUSIONS: Higher frequency of lesion occurrence in clinically eloquent WM tracts can characterize @entity922 subjects with different types of onset. The involvement of specific WM tracts, in particular those traversed by fibers involved in motor function and near the corpus callosum, seems to be associated with a higher risk of clinical conversion to @entity15 in the short term.

title: Location of @entity75 predicts conversion of clinically isolated syndromes to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute initiated the @entity943 Pilot Study (CAPS) to evaluate the feasibility of suppressing @entity943 after @entity583 . Ten centers enrolled 502 @entity1 younger than 75 years of age with greater than or equal to 10 @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) per hour in a 24-hour electrocardiographic recording and a left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 20%. @entity1 were enrolled 6 to 60 days after @entity583 and randomized to 1 of 5 treatment tracks with 2 drugs that included @entity11808 , @entity6237 , @entity2645 , @entity9851 or placebo. During a double-blind drug and dose selection phase, investigators were permitted to change drug or dosage to achieve greater than or equal to 70% suppression in @entity1540 frequency and greater than 90% suppression of runs of @entity1540 with the exception of @entity1 assigned to placebo, who continued receiving it. @entity1 were followed for a year after randomization. @entity1 in the 5 treatment arms were similar in age, sex, clinical characteristics, @entity1540 frequency, left ventricular ejection fraction and concomitant drug treatment. As first drugs, @entity11808 and @entity6237 had higher efficacy rates, 79% and 83%, respectively, than @entity2645 , 52%, @entity9851 , 66%, or placebo, 37%. @entity11808 and @entity6237 also had high efficacy rates, 68% and 69%, in @entity1 who failed @entity2645 or @entity9851 . @entity11808 , @entity6237 and @entity9851 were well tolerated. These 3 drugs had intolerable adverse effect rates of 6% or less, i.e., similar to placebo. More than 70T of the @entity1 who started the follow-up phase on @entity11808 , @entity6237 or @entity9851 remained on these drugs to the end of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity6237 , @entity2645 and @entity9851 on @entity943 during the year after @entity583 : the CAPS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11808 :: ('MESH:D016700', 'Chemical') :: ['Encainide', 'encainide']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity9851 :: ('MESH:D016293', 'Chemical') :: ['moricizine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complexes', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Cardiac Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity11808 :: (MESH:D016700,Chemical) :: ['encainide']


abstract: Humoral factors in the portal blood have often been suggested to play an important role in hepatic regeneration after hepatectomy. However, the correlation among @entity9959 , glucagon and @entity1943 , and islet cells of Langerhans has not been studied. Forty percent hepatectomy was carried out in @entity235 and intravenous @entity413 administration (0.5 g/kg) was the function of the pancreas to release one week after and one month after surgery to estimate administered intravenously before surgery, the plasma @entity9959 , glucagon and @entity1943 . In addition, islet cells of Langerhans were investigated with PAP technique. The following results were obtained. Alterations of @entity1735 metabolism developed as a result of portal plasma @entity9959 deficiency one week after surgery, but granules in B cells were demonstrated as much as preoperatively. It was suggested that hypersomatostatinemia suppressed @entity9959 release from B cells. Alterations of @entity1735 metabolism was restored to normal and portal plasma @entity9959 response was increased one month after surgery. These indicate that hepatic regeneration after hepatectomy may contribute to these changes. Islets cell of Langerhans were @entity1184 and particularly, D cells were increased after surgery.

title: [Structural and hormonal alterations in the pancreas after hepatectona in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central serotonergic mechanisms appear to participate in the pathogenesis of recurrent neurally mediated @entity1163 . The aim of the study was to investigate the @entity6372 of the central serotonergic system by measuring the @entity4090 and @entity701 responses to intravenous administration of the @entity750 reuptake inhibitor @entity8991 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty subjects free of any medical treatment were tested. Twelve had a history of recurrent @entity1163 and positive tilt test ( @entity1 group, mean age 47+/-18 years, 8 @entity1 ); 8 subjects without @entity1163 and a negative tilt test result served as control subjects (mean age 49+/-10 years, 5 @entity1 ). Twenty-five milligrams of @entity8991 was administered intravenously within 15 minutes, and blood samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Two days later, a tilt test was performed at 60 degrees for 30 minutes and blood samples were taken at 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. During the @entity8991 challenge, plasma @entity4090 levels increased in both groups. The levels at 30 minutes were higher in the @entity1 group compared with the control group (17.3+/-7.2 vs 9.3+/-7.6 ng/mL, P=0.05). Similar results were observed for @entity701 at 30 minutes (172+/-15 vs 118+/-21 ng/mL P=0. 04) and at 45 minutes (189+/-20 vs 116+/-23 ng/mL, P=0.03). The tilt test was positive in 8 (67%) out of 12 of the @entity1 group and negative in all control subjects. In the samples taken during the tilt test, significant increases in @entity4090 and @entity701 were observed only in the subjects with positive tilt test results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a history of @entity907 show a higher @entity6372 of the central serotonergic system to @entity8991 challenge. The results support the view that central serotonergic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of the syndrome.

title: Central serotonergic @entity6372 in @entity907 : a XXXX test challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal attacks']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity8991 :: (MESH:D002997,Chemical) :: ['clomipramine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects of @entity5753 and @entity8445 in @entity1 with @entity407 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with cholesterolemia over 200 mg/dl and triglyceridemia not higher than 350 mg/dl, excluded secondary causes, were selected. Twenty @entity1 received @entity5753 and 20 @entity8445 . In order to establish the lipid profile, blood samples were taken after 2 months without medication, after 4 weeks of diet and placebo and after 6 and 12 weeks of active treatment. Biochemical profile was determined before and after the treatment with active drug. RESULTS: Thirty nine @entity1 completed the study. Total and LDL- @entity165 were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) by both drugs but @entity5753 had greater effect. Only @entity8445 reduced @entity1674 significantly. Neither drug had significant effects on HDL- @entity165 . The tolerance was satisfactory; only one @entity1 (using @entity8445 ) needed to stop the treatment due to gastrointestinal side effects. The biochemical profile did not present any significant alteration. CONCLUSION: Both drugs produced useful effects on the lipid profile. @entity5753 produced greater reductions of total and LDL- @entity165 , while @entity8445 was more active reducing @entity1674 . Neither drug changed significantly the HDL- @entity165 .

title: [Comparison between XXXX and @entity8445 in treatment of @entity407 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperlipidemias']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: Both respiratory and @entity209 stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vasopressin, and @entity17955 . The present study was designed to test the blood pressure, heart rate, and endocrine responses of conscious @entity742 to low-rate infusions of H+. We infused @entity5828 and @entity880 at a rate of 500 mueq/min into the inferior vena cava of seven chronically catheterized adult @entity742 . Control experiments in six @entity742 consisted of infusion of @entity5828 at a rate of 100 mueq/min. Only the 500 mueq/min infusion of @entity5828 stimulated reflex responses. This infusion increased mean arterial blood pressure and plasma ACTH concentration but transiently decreased blood pH only after the onset of the reflex responses. Heart rate appeared to increase initially but then decreased. Overall, the apparent changes in heart rate were not statistically significant. None of the infusions significantly altered plasma @entity17955 activity or @entity1951 concentration. We speculate that heart rate, plasma @entity17955 activity, and vasopressin may have been partially inhibited by the increase in blood pressure. However, the lack of effect of @entity880 suggests that the @entity5828 stimulated reflex ACTH and blood pressure responses via a mechanism not related to the concentration of the acid in the infusate or to the total amount of acid infused. It is possible that @entity5828 , but not @entity880 , stimulated release of a humoral agent that stimulated ACTH secretion directly or reflexly. The results do not appear consistent with the stimulation of a venous chemoreceptor sensitive to H+.

title: Intravenous acid infusion stimulates ACTH secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidemia']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: This study investigates digestive and lysosomal enzyme secretion of @entity11725 -induced @entity3123 in response to @entity8586 in @entity35 . After 15-20 months of treatment, 95% of the animals developed @entity3123 encompassing more than 90% of the tissue. In anesthetized @entity35 basal trypsin output was significantly elevated in the @entity5 group despite diminished fluid secretion. There was a linear correlation between @entity5 size and basal amylase and trypsin secretion. Intravenous infusion of @entity8586 (25 IDU.kg-1.h-1) induced a significantly lower secretion of fluid per gram pancreas, as well as decreased amylase and trypsin output, in the @entity5 group compared with the control group. Plasma amylase and @entity9112 levels were significantly elevated in the @entity5 group under both basal and stimulated conditions. The output of the lysosomal enzymes beta-D-glucuronidase and alpha-D-glucosidase was significantly increased in the @entity5 group under background secretin infusion. Additional @entity8586 infusion caused a sharp increase in glucuronidase output in this group with only minimal increase in controls. Glucosidase output increased similarly in both groups. Amylase, @entity9112 , and trypsin @entity5 tissue concentrations were markedly reduced by 85%, 90%, and 87%, respectively. It was concluded that the decreased secretory response of digestive enzymes may result from decreased synthesis, lowered storage capabilities, and/or a decreased/increased responsiveness to @entity8586 . Increased glucuronidase secretion may reflect an augmented cell turnover of malignant tissue.

title: Secretagogue response of XXXX -induced @entity35 pancreatic acinar tumors in vivo.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity11725 :: ('CHEBI:74846', 'Chemical') :: ['azaserine']

answer: @entity11725 :: (CHEBI:74846,Chemical) :: ['azaserine']


abstract: Event-related potential topography produced by novel and target stimuli was used to detect dysfunction of mental switching (perseveration) in nondemented @entity1 with @entity191 . The study @entity1 were 15 @entity1 with @entity191 and 13 age-matched healthy control @entity1 . Ten percent of the novelty tones with pitches of 125 and 500 Hz were added to 20% of the target tones that had a pitch of 1000 Hz. @entity1 were instructed to count the target tones. The modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to evaluate frontal lobe function. @entity1 with @entity191 showed a significant decrease in the achieved categories and an increase in perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. These results indicate that the @entity73 of @entity1 with @entity191 can be characterized as @entity75 based on basal ganglia disturbance. As compared with the control @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity191 had shorter P3 latencies to the novel stimuli and a more frontal distribution on the P3 map, especially for the 125-Hz stimuli. This characteristic of P3 to novel stimuli in the @entity1 with @entity191 , but not in the control @entity1 , is categorized by P3a (novelty P3). Our findings suggest that decreased mental switching causes lack of novelty P3 habituation in @entity1 with @entity191 and that it is related to @entity4207 based on dysfunction of the frontal lobe and basal ganglia.

title: Perseveration for novel stimuli in XXXX : an evaluation based on event-related potentials topography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['failure of mental switching related to frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although guidelines recommend a 2 cm distal margin in sphincter-saving operations for @entity5 , some studies have shown that it may be decreased to 1cm after preoperative radiotherapy. At the present time, there are no established guidelines that suggest a specific distal safety margin for @entity5 after preoperative radiotherapy. This study aims to examine whether preoperative radio therapy can reduce the distal safety margin in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODOLOGY: We examined the distal spread by H_E and immunohistochemical staining of CAM5.2 (epithelial marker) in serial sections of surgically resected specimens. To evaluate the extent of distal intramural spread, we defined the "DS length" as the distance between the microscopically defined @entity5 border and the distal spread. We compared the DS length between 20 @entity1 who underwent preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery ( @entity15817 (+) group) and 20 surgery-alone ( @entity15817 (-)group). RESULTS: The average DS length was significantly smaller in the @entity15817 (+) group (3.2mm) than in the @entity15817 (-) group (6.3mm) (p=0.028). Furthermore,the greatest DS length was 5.8mm in the @entity15817 (+) group,but 11.5mm in the @entity15817 (-) group. No @entity1 showed a DS length of over 1cm in the @entity15817 (+) group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that the safety margin may be reduced to 1cm by preoperative radiotherapy.Therefore, preoperative radiotherapy may extend the indications for sphincter-saving operation.

title: A 1cm distal bowel margin is safe for XXXX after preoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal tumor', 'lower rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Since many years the importance of a weakness of the soft tissue for the development of @entity547 is discussed controversially. The tensile strength of the tissue is supposed to depend largely on the varying proportion of type I collagen with its high tensile strength and the immature type III collagen. Their relation is regulated by several collagenases, mainly @entity1550 ( @entity3334 and @entity1550 ), whereas fibronectin plays a key role for the adherence of cells within the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration in type I and type III collagen synthesis, amounts of @entity3334 and @entity1550 and the expression of fibronectin were associated with the development of @entity169 . We analysed the hernial sac of @entity1 with indirect (n = 9) and direct (n = 7) @entity169 in controls (n = 7) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The results showed that the ratio of relative amount of I/III collagen was markedly decreased in @entity1 with either indirect or direct @entity547 as compared with controls (p < 0.001) with a concomitant increase in type III collagen synthesis. @entity1550 was expressed neither in the hernial sac nor in the peritoneum of the controls, but the positive reactions of @entity3334 were found in the surface of the subserosa of the hernial sac in @entity1 with indirect or direct @entity547 without any difference compared to controls. Furthermore, the relative amount of fibronectin in @entity1 with either indirect or direct @entity547 is not significantly different from controls (p > 0.05). In regard to the known alterations of the collagen metabolism in fascia and skin of @entity547 @entity1 the changed collagen I/III ratio with its increase of type III collagen in hernial sacs support the presence of a systemic disturbance of collagen metabolism. The absence of changes of the expression of collagenases ( @entity3334 , @entity1550 ) and the constant levels of fibronectin underline the central role of collagen synthesis for the development of indirect or direct @entity547 .

title: Synthesis of type I and III collagen, expression of fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -13 in hernial sac of XXXX with @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1550 :: ('4322', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-13', 'matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -13']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernias and peritoneum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome of single-session @entity1068 sclerotherapy for non-neoplastic @entity8 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 32 @entity1 with a @entity8 were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration, and no more than 100 mL sterile 99% @entity1068 was injected into the @entity45 . The procedure was performed under local anesthesia, and the @entity1 were hospitalized overnight. The serum concentrations of @entity167 immediately after the sclerotherapy and 1 hour later and the corresponding urine concentrations were measured. The mean follow-up period was 55 months (range 12 to 156). Control checkups were scheduled at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the sclerotherapy. During the control visits, the @entity1 underwent ultrasound measurement of the size of the @entity45 . The history concerning @entity158 especially was evaluated by the urologist. The @entity1 were asked if they did or did not have @entity158 . The severity of @entity158 was not evaluated. RESULTS: Sclerotherapy with @entity1068 was performed successfully in all 32 @entity1 with a @entity8 . The @entity45 disappeared completely in 7 @entity1 (22%). The mean size of all cysts decreased from 7.8 cm (range 3 to 16) to 1.7 cm (range 0 to 9; P <0.0001). Before the sclerotherapy, 24 @entity1 had symptoms due to the @entity45 , and 18 of these (75%) were asymptomatic after the @entity1068 sclerotherapy. In 2 @entity1 the @entity158 decreased, 2 @entity1 were without change, and in 2 @entity1 the @entity158 increased. There was no correlation between the size of the @entity45 and the intensity of @entity158 . No major complications occurred. The serum concentration of @entity167 varied from 0 to 0.30 g/L and that in urine from 0.04 to 0.27 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy with @entity1068 for simple @entity8 is simple, fast, safe, effective, and inexpensive. The results are comparable to those reported earlier. The treatment is without major complications. We propose sclerotherapy with 99% @entity1068 as the primary treatment of @entity8 . The treatment can be done in an outpatient clinic.

title: Treatment of @entity8 with single-session percutaneous drainage and XXXX sclerotherapy: long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['simple renal cyst', 'renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['renal pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) is a key metabolic regulator mediating glucose and lipid metabolism. @entity1129 mutated ( @entity2155 ) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase superfamily and regulates cell cycle progression. The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner ( @entity55778 : @entity55778 ) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes. Here, we studied the role of @entity2155 on @entity7318 -dependent regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the liver. @entity7318 induced @entity28335 ( @entity28335 ) and glucose 6-phosphatase gene expression in primary hepatocytes. @entity7318 treatment and adenovirus-mediated @entity23117 overexpression in hepatocytes increased glucose production, which was blocked by a @entity16404 inhibitor, @entity22943 , dominant negative @entity23117 , and @entity23117 knockdown. We identified a @entity23117 binding site on the @entity28335 gene promoter using reporter assays and point mutation analysis. Up-regulation of @entity55778 by metformin-mediated activation of the @entity2155 -AMP-activated protein kinase pathway led to inhibition of @entity7318 -mediated induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which was abolished by an @entity2155 inhibitor, @entity39042 . Immunoprecipitation studies showed that @entity55778 physically interacted with @entity23117 and inhibited @entity23117 recruitment on the @entity28335 gene promoter. @entity7318 -induced hepatic gluconeogenesis was decreased by either metformin or Ad- @entity55778 , whereas the inhibition by metformin was abolished by @entity55778 knockdown. Finally, the increase of hepatic gluconeogenesis following GH treatment was significantly higher in the liver of @entity55778 null @entity19 compared with that of wild-type @entity19 . Overall, our results suggest that the @entity2155 -AMP-activated protein kinase- @entity55778 network, as a novel mechanism for regulating @entity99 via a @entity7318 -dependent pathway, may be a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance.

title: Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner negatively regulates XXXX -mediated induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis through inhibition of @entity23117 ( @entity23117 ) transactivation.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic glucose homeostasis']

entities_list: @entity28335 :: ('18534(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PEPCK', 'phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity7318 :: (14599(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Eye movements are sensitive indicators of pharmacological effects on sensorimotor and cognitive processing. @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is one of the most prescribed medications in psychiatry. It is increasingly used as a cognitive enhancer by healthy individuals. However, little is known of its effect on healthy cognition. Here we used oculomotor tests to evaluate the effects of @entity7541 on basic oculomotor and executive functions. Twenty-nine males were given 20mg of @entity7541 orally in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. @entity1 performed visually-guided saccades, sinusoidal smooth pursuit, predictive saccades and antisaccades one hour post-capsule administration. Heart rate and blood pressure were assessed prior to capsule administration, and again before and after task performance. Visually-guided saccade latency decreased with @entity7541 (p<0.004). Smooth pursuit gain increased on @entity7541 (p<0.001) and number of saccades during pursuit decreased (p<0.001). Proportion of predictive saccades increased on @entity7541 (p<0.004), specifically in conditions with predictable timing. Peak velocity of predictive saccades increased with @entity7541 (p<0.01). Antisaccade errors and latency were unaffected. Physiological variables were also unaffected. The effects on visually-guided saccade latency and peak velocity are consistent with @entity7541 effects on @entity935 in basal ganglia. The improvements in predictive saccade conditions and smooth pursuit suggest effects on timing functions.

title: Effects of XXXX on basic and higher-order oculomotor functions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: @entity6728 aphrophilus, a gram negative, capnophilic slow growing bacillus, is a rarely recognized pathogen in @entity693 and is most frequently seen in @entity1 with either @entity884 or @entity867 . This article reported one case with @entity6932 . A 10-year-old @entity1 presented at the emergency room with chief complaint of @entity221 for 2 days and sudden onset of @entity909 . @entity6728 aphrophilus was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Aqueous @entity114 and @entity2755 were given for three weeks. The @entity1 discharged without any sequelae. Three months later, @entity221 and @entity1662 disturbance were noted again. No pathogen was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture this time, but CSF finding was consistent with @entity4008 . Aqueous @entity114 and @entity2755 were readministered for 30 days. The @entity1 recovered smoothly. Because the @entity1 had no history of CSF @entity5254 or @entity7893 , recurrence of the @entity4008 could be due to incomplete treatment during the first admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) done during the two admissions showed focal cortical enhancement in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. This is presumed to indicate @entity1188 over these regions. The findings of brain CT are in accordance with the development of @entity1158 in the @entity1 . It is still unknown, however, whether @entity6932 also causes a higher incidence of @entity4798 , which was frequently noted in @entity1 with @entity6932 .

title: [ XXXX : report of one case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae meningitis', 'Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity6932 :: (MESH:D008583,Disease) :: ['Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis']


abstract: @entity420 were induced in the prostate-seminal vesicle complex of Lobund-Wister (L- @entity35 by a single IV inoculation of @entity7044 . This was followed by three slow-release S.C. implants of @entity3033 , each at intervals of 2 months. Small (0.5 cm diameter) palpable @entity5 developed which enlarged during the following month to 3-4 cm diameter. At the latter stage, @entity5 cells spread via lymphatics to the lungs and/or by direct extension into the peritoneal cavity. @entity35 with small palpable @entity5 were inoculated IV with viable Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). One month later, the @entity35 were killed and examined. Untreated @entity35 with large @entity5 served as controls. Comparison of the two groups revealed that body weights and @entity5 sizes were similar and most of them had developed @entity3 in the peritoneal cavity. However, lung metastases were rare in the BCG-inoculated @entity35 compared to controls. Spleen and liver weights were significantly heavier in the BCG-treated @entity35 . It is speculated that an intra-vascular mechanism(s), engendered by BCG, immobilized the circulating @entity5 cells, but not those @entity5 cells that spread by direct extension from the primary @entity5 into the peritoneal cavity.

title: The antimetastatic effect of IV-inoculated BCG on XXXX in the prostate-seminal vesicle complex of L- @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Higher rates of incomplete revascularization (IR) and reduced patency are possible drawbacks of @entity453 ( @entity453 ); both may adversely affect outcome after surgery. This study was conducted to shed light on the relationships among IR, angiographic patency, and midterm results after @entity453 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1604 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity453 during a 6-year period; 1581 @entity1 (95%) underwent systematic postoperative angiography. Complete follow-up was achieved in 99.5% (median, 3.2 years; up to 6.5 years). A total of 216 @entity1 had IR (13%), and 225 had at least 1 graft failure (FitzGibbon B  or O). RESULTS: All the event-free survival rates for all-cause mortality (P  <  .001), @entity204 (P  =  .020), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (P  <  .001) were lower in the IR group. By using the Cox proportional hazards model, IR was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.81). Of those who underwent postoperative angiography, the @entity1 with graft failure experienced reintervention more frequently than those with all grafts patent (HR, 5.49; 95% CI, 3.43-8.77). Even with excluding @entity1 who had undergone reintervention immediately after angiography, graft failure was still an independent risk factor for reintervention afterwards (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.30-4.47). CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete revascularization was relevant to higher midterm mortality after @entity453 , whereas the risk of reintervention was higher for @entity1 with occluded grafts. Complete revascularization, coupled with achievement of a higher patency rate, could be expected to improve follow-up outcomes after @entity453 surgery.

title: The impact of incomplete revascularization and angiographic patency on midterm results after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting', 'OPCAB']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting']


abstract: We compared the management and outcome of @entity5 in Ontario, Canada to that in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program areas in the United States to determine whether the greater use of primary radiotherapy with surgery reserved for salvage in Ontario was associated with similar survival and better larynx retention rates than the U.S. approach where primary surgery is used more often. Electronic, clinical and hospital data were linked to @entity5 registry data and supplemented by chart review where necessary. Initial treatment and survival in @entity1 diagnosed in the SEER areas from 1988 through 1994 were compared to @entity1 from Ontario diagnosed from 1982 through 1995. Actuarial laryngectomy rates were compared for @entity1 over 65 at diagnosis in the two regions. Analyses were conducted over all cases and stratified by disease stage. In @entity66 (T1 or T2), conservative treatment was the most common initial treatment in both regions, although total laryngectomy was used more often in SEER than Ontario (6.2% vs. 0.2%, respectively, P <.001). In @entity1442 (T3 or T4), total laryngectomy was more commonly used as initial treatment in SEER (62.9% vs. 21.0% in Ontario, P < or =.001). Over all cases, the relative survival rate was 80% in Ontario at 5 years compared to 78% in SEER (P =.33). In @entity66 , the relative survival rates were 4 to 5% higher in Ontario from the second year on, while in @entity1442 2 to 3% higher rates in SEER did not approach statistical significance. Actuarial laryngectomy rates at 3 years differed between the two regions, with a 4% higher rate in SEER (P =.01). In @entity66 , 12.6% of Ontario @entity1 had a laryngectomy by 3 years postdiagnosis compared to 17.9% in SEER (P =.05). In @entity1442 , the rates were 63.3% and 79.2%, respectively (P =.07). There are large differences in the management of @entity5 between the SEER areas of the U.S. and Ontario and no evidence that a policy emphasizing radiotherapy with surgery reserved for salvage is associated with worse survival. Ultimate laryngectomy rates are lower in Ontario for @entity66 and may be lower for @entity1442 . Conservation treatment should be used for @entity66 while the treatment decision in @entity1442 may be especially sensitive to @entity1 values for voice retention versus initial cure.

title: XXXX in Ontario, Canada and the SEER areas of the United States. Do different management philosophies produce different outcome profiles?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Glottic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of selective cholinergic replacement with @entity15245 , an m1 and m4 selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) agonist in @entity1 with probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ). DESIGN: A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial followed by a 1-month, single-blind, placebo washout. SETTING: Outpatients at 17 centers in the United States and Canada. @entity1 : A total of 343 @entity1 and @entity1 at least 60 years of age with mild to moderate @entity195 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 75, 150, or 225 mg (low, medium, and high doses) of xanomeline per day or placebo for 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on the cognitive subscale of the @entity195 Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change (CIBIC+), the @entity195 Symptomatology Scale (ADSS), and the Nurses' Observational Scale for Geriatric @entity1 (NOSGER). RESULTS: A significant treatment effect existed for ADAS-Cog (high dose vs placebo; P < or = .05), and CIBIC+ (high dose vs placebo; P < or = .02). Treatment Emergent Signs and Symptoms analysis of the ADSS, which assesses behavioral symptoms in @entity1 with @entity195 , disclosed significant (P < or = .002) dose-dependent @entity353 , suspiciousness, @entity8143 , @entity2146 , and @entity1833 . On end-point analysis, NOSGER, which assesses memory, instrumental activities of daily living, self-care, mood, social behavior, and disturbing behavior in the elderly, also showed a significant dose-response relationship (P < or = .02). In the high-dose arm, 52% of @entity1 discontinued treatment because of adverse events; dose-dependent adverse events were predominantly gastrointestinal in nature. @entity1163 , defined as @entity909 and muscle tone, occurred in 12.6% of @entity1 in the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS: The observed improvements in ADAS-Cog and CIBIC+ following treatment with xanomeline provide the first evidence, from a large-scale, placebo-controlled clinical trial, that a direct-acting muscarinic receptor agonist can improve cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity195 . Furthermore, the dramatic and favorable effects on disturbing behaviors in @entity195 suggest a novel approach for treatment of noncognitive symptoms.

title: Effects of XXXX , a selective muscarinic receptor agonist, on cognitive function and behavioral symptoms in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in vocal outbursts']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions']

entities_list: @entity15245 :: ('MESH:C075257', 'Chemical') :: ['xanomeline tartrate']

answer: @entity15245 :: (MESH:C075257,Chemical) :: ['xanomeline']