abstract: RATIONALE: Sleep @entity386 is believed to be a @entity74 . Thus, we hypothesized that anatomic risk factors for @entity387 would demonstrate @entity1423 . OBJECTIVES: We used volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in a sib pair "quad" design to study the @entity1423 of the size of upper airway soft tissue structures that are associated with increased risk for @entity27 . METHODS: We examined 55 @entity387 probands ( @entity27 index [AHI]: 43.2 +/- 26.3 events/h), 55 proband siblings (AHI: 11.8 +/- 16.6 events/h), 55 control subjects (AHI: 2.1 +/- 1.7 events/h), and 55 control siblings (AHI: 4.2 +/- 4.0 events/h). The study design used exact matching on ethnicity and sex, frequency matching on age, and statistical control for visceral neck fat and craniofacial dimensions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The data support our a priori hypothesis that the volume of the important upper airway soft tissue structures is heritable. The volume of the lateral pharyngeal walls (h(2) = 36.8%; p = 0.001), tongue (h(2) = 36.5%; p = 0.0001), and total soft tissue (h(2) = 37.5%; p = 0.0001) demonstrated significant levels of heritability after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, age, visceral neck fat, and craniofacial dimensions. In addition, our data indicate that heritability of the upper airway soft tissue structures is found in normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity386 . Thus, it is not simply a consequence of the prevalence of @entity386 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time @entity1423 of size of the upper airway soft tissue structures has been demonstrated.

title: Family aggregation of upper airway soft tissue structures in normal subjects and XXXX with @entity387 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['family aggregation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity597 conjugation plays an important role in the biotransformation of not only xenobiotics but also many endogenous substances. Sulfotransferases, the enzymes that are responsible for this process, exist as a superfamily of genes. It has long been recognized that significant species differences exist among drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450. Species differences in both regulation and catalytic activities of sulfotransferases may also exist. To investigate this, we conducted cDNA cloning and cDNA expression studies of sulfotransferase in the @entity19 . Three sulfotransferase cDNA clones were isolated from a female B6CBA @entity19 liver. Two of the clones, @entity52067 and @entity52068 , were highly homologous to each other. Alignment of @entity52067 and @entity52068 cDNAs' @entity377 sequences with those of other sulfotransferase cDNAs revealed the greatest sequence identity with the @entity35 STsmp cDNA. This analysis suggests that @entity52067 , @entity52068 and rSTsmp cDNAs are derived from orthologous genes belonging to the @entity167 / @entity14128 sulfotransferase gene family. The third clone, @entity32653 showed high identity to rSTp, @entity4913 , hSTp3, and rSTp1C1, suggesting that @entity32653 belongs to the @entity3971 family.

title: Molecular cloning of three sulfotransferase cDNAs from XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14128 :: ('CHEBI:35350', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We investigated small-volume (5 ml/kg) 7% @entity4202 in 6% dextran 70 (HS/D70) as an alternative to large-volume (60 ml/kg) 0.9% @entity4202 for treatment of experimentally induced @entity235 @entity6676 . The stomach was surgically displaced and then distended with an intragastric balloon in 11 @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4485 . All @entity235 were subjected to GDV for 180 minutes before partial decompression and resuscitation. Hemodynamic values, blood gas values, and plasma volume were measured during control, @entity1457 , and resuscitation periods. Resuscitation started with 1 group (n = 6) receiving 5 ml of HS/D70/kg, iv, over 5 minutes, and the other group (n = 5) receiving 60 ml of 0.9% @entity4202 /kg, IV, over 60 minutes. Both groups received a surgical maintenance dosage (20 ml/kg/h) of 0.9% @entity4202 after initial resuscitation. Resuscitative effects of small-volume HS/D70 were similar to large-volume 0.9% @entity4202 during the first hour of treatment; however, cardiac output was significantly higher in the HS/D70 group for the last 2 hours of resuscitation. Changes in heart rate, left ventricular pressure change, and systemic vascular resistance appeared to be responsible for improved perfusion. Mixed venous @entity26 partial pressure data supported improved perfusion in the HS/D70 group. Packed cell volume remained higher in the HS/D70 group, indicating less hemodilution and improved @entity26 delivery. Resuscitation of this GDV-induced @entity1457 model was better sustained with small-volume HS/D70, compared with conventional large-volume 0.9% @entity4202 .

title: Hypertonic saline/dextran resuscitation of @entity235 with experimentally induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) shock']

answer: @entity6676 :: (MESH:D013271,Disease) :: ['gastric dilatation-volvulus shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity786 (CP), commonly used anti- @entity5 , induces oxidative stress and is cytotoxic to normal cells. It is very important to choice the protective agent combined CP to reduce the side effects in @entity5 treatment. @entity13885 are biological active constituents of @entity9052 C.A. Meyer that acts as the tonic agent for the @entity5 @entity1 to reduce the side effects in the clinic application. Because CP is a pro-oxidant agent and induces oxidative stress by the generation of free radicals to decrease the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, the protective effects of the total @entity3857 from stem and leaf of @entity9052 C.A. Meyer (TSPG) act as an anti-oxidant agent against the decreased anti-oxidant enzymes, the genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by CP was carried out. METHODS: The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis was employed to detect DNA damage; flow cytometry assay and AO/EB staining assay were employed to measure cell apoptosis; the enzymatic anti-oxidants (T-SOD, CAT and GPx) and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant ( @entity2197 ) were measured by the various colorimetric methods. RESULTS: CP induced the significant DNA damage in @entity19 peripheral lymphocytes in time- and dose-dependent manners, inhibited the activities of T-SOD, GPx and CAT, and decreased the contents of @entity2197 in @entity19 blood, triggered bone marrow cell apoptosis at 6 and 12h. TSPG significantly reduced CP-induced DNA damages in bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells, antagonized CP-induced reduction of T-SOD, GPx, CAT activities and the @entity2197 contents, decreased the bone marrow cell apoptosis induced by CP. CONCLUSIONS: TSPG, significantly reduced the genotoxicity of CP in bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells, and decreased the apoptotic cell number induced by CP in bone marrow cells. The effects of TSPG on T-SOD, GPx, CAT activities and @entity2197 contents might partially contribute to its protective effects on CP-induced cell @entity137 .

title: Protective effects of total @entity3857 from stem and leaf of @entity9052 against XXXX -induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in @entity19 bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['P. ginseng', 'Panax ginseng']

entities_list: @entity13885 :: ('MESH:D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['Ginsenosides']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2816 combined with conventional chemotherapies including oral melphalan shows significant anti- @entity1582 activity. To address this issue, feasibility and efficacy of a three drug combination consisting of intravenous (i.v.) melphalan, @entity2816 and @entity229 [M(i.v.)PT] was evaluated in advanced @entity1582 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four advanced @entity1582 @entity1 were treated with multiple cycles of a regimen consisting of low dose i.v. melphalan (20 mg/m2) at d 1, @entity2816 at the dose of 50-100 mg/d given continuously and oral @entity229 at the planned dose of 50 mg/d every other day. Intravenous melphalan was administered every fourth month. Median time from diagnosis was 40 months (range: 8-144 months). Fifteen @entity1 (66%) had previously been treated with a combination of @entity2816 and @entity619 or with @entity2816 alone. RESULTS: Overall, on an intent-to treat basis, 14 @entity1 responded: three achieved near complete remission (nCR), seven achieved partial response (PR), four minimal response (MR). Six @entity1 showed @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and four-disease progression. Interestingly, of five @entity1 who had previously progressed while on @entity2816 and @entity229 , one reached nCR, two PR and one MR. After a median follow up of 14 months, median progression free survival was 9 months. Response duration was longer than that induced by the previous line of treatment in eight @entity1 (33%). @entity2816 -associated @entity137 mainly consisted of constipation, tingling and sedation. CONCLUSIONS: M(i.v.)PT is an effective regimen, which can overcome resistance to @entity2816 plus @entity229 in advanced @entity1582 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Intravenous melphalan, @entity2816 and @entity229 in refractory and relapsed multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the course of self-reported disability in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) using the major self-report measure of functional impairment, the @entity283 ( @entity283 ). METHODS: The course of @entity717 was assessed in 32,525 observations (1,843 @entity1 ) in which the @entity283 was administered. In addition, a subset of 2,189 visits from 50 @entity1 , followed on average for 17 years, was studied to model the effect of disease duration on the course of @entity717 in individual @entity1 . Linear and fractional polynomial regression as well as smoothing algorithms were applied to the group of @entity309 @entity1 and then to the individual course of @entity1 . RESULTS: Group linear and nonlinear models of the effect of disease duration on @entity717 were found to have 3 characteristics: 1) @entity717 scores are high at disease onset rather than gradually increasing; 2) @entity717 increases very slowly over time (0.03 units per year); and 3) all such models fit very poorly, explaining only 5% of the variance in @entity717 scores. However, application of nonlinear models to individual @entity1 courses (as opposed to groups of @entity1 ) explains 37% of the @entity717 score variation. In some @entity1 , the course of @entity717 was either 1) chaotic (scores change without any pattern) or 2) determinable, but unrelated to time. When covariates were added to the group model, however, the course of @entity717 became clearer, and 51% of the variance in the disability score could be explained, statistically, by @entity158 , @entity308 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and disease duration. CONCLUSION: Individual @entity309 @entity1 have differing, characterizable courses: 1) nonlinear, 2) chaotic, or 3) non-time determined. The model that self-reported @entity717 , as measured by the @entity283 , occurs as a function of disease acting over time does not fit the data well and is an inadequate model. This discrepancy may also be the result of the @entity1 's upward reappraisal of functional ability with increasing time. The predominant determinants of @entity717 in @entity309 are disease activity, @entity158 , and psychosocial factors rather than structural abnormality. Although the @entity283 is a useful clinical tool and a central measure of disease outcome, it measures both process and outcome, and usually more process than outcome. Individual @entity1 models that include all that is known about the @entity1 --the paradigm of clinical care-may be a more effective way to examine the course of @entity309 than are conventional group-based models.

title: A reappraisal of @entity717 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ', 'Health Assessment Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ disability', 'physical disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A pilot-scale bioslurry system was used to test the treatment of soils highly contaminated with @entity51225 ( @entity41555 ) and @entity41553 ( @entity41554 ). The treatment scheme involved a soil-washing process followed by two sequential aerobic slurry reactors augmented with @entity41555 - and @entity41554 -mineralizing bacteria. Test soils were obtained from two former army ammunition plants, the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (VAAP, Chattanooga, TN) and the Badger Army Ammunition Plant (BAAP, Baraboo, WI). Soil washing was used to minimize operational problems in slurry reactors associated with large particulates. The Eimco slurry reactors were operated in a draw-and-fill mode for 3 months and were monitored for the biodegradation of @entity41555 and @entity41554 , @entity3542 production, @entity6674 consumption, and @entity26 uptake rate. Results show that soil washing was very effective for the removal of sands and the recovery of soil fines containing @entity41555 and @entity41554 . Bioslurry reactors offered rapid and nearly complete degradation of both DNT isomers, but require real time monitoring to avoid long lag periods upon refeeding. Results found a significant discrepancy between the measured @entity41553 concentrations and calculated DNT concentrations in the slurry reactors because of solids profiles in the slurry reactors and the presence of floating crystal of DNTs. Based on the actual amount of @entity53172 degradation, @entity3542 release, @entity6674 consumption, and @entity26 uptake were close to the theoretical stoichiometric coefficients of complete DNT mineralization. Such stoichiometric relationships were not achieved if the calculation was based on the measured DNT concentrations due to the heterogeneity of DNT in the reactor. Results indicate that @entity3542 release, @entity6674 consumption, and @entity26 uptake rates provide a fast assessment of @entity41555 degradation and microbial activity in a slurry reactor, but could not be extended to a second reactor in series where the degradation of a much lower concentration of @entity41554 degradation was achieved.

title: Remediation of XXXX contaminated soils from former ammunition plants: soil washing efficiency and effective process monitoring in bioslurry reactors.

entities_list: @entity41553 :: ('MESH:C023514', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-dinitrotoluene', 'DNT']

entities_list: @entity51225 :: ('MESH:C016403', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrotoluene']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53172 :: ('CHEBI:23822', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrotoluene']

answer: @entity53172 :: (CHEBI:23822,Chemical) :: ['dinitrotoluene']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to obtain fundamental information on @entity1 with acute @entity385 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) in Japan. We prospectively registered consecutive @entity64 and @entity63 @entity1 who visited 156 participating hospitals within 7 days of onset between @entity4456 , 1999 and April 30, 2000. A total of 16,922 @entity1 with 70.6 +/- 11.5 years old (median 71, range 18-107) were enrolled in the study. @entity63 was seen in 7% of registered @entity1 , @entity64 in 36%, atherothrombotic in 31%, @entity64 in 20%, and other in 6%. @entity101 was present in 61%, @entity6 in 24%, @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in 21%, smoking in 18%, and @entity1007 in 17%. Overall, 37% of @entity1 arrived at hospital within 3 hours of symptom onset, and 50% within 6 hours. Among those who visited the hospital within 6 hours, 64% used an ambulance service. Mean NIHSS score was 8.0 +/- 7.9 (median, 5). Only 3% were treated with thrombolytic agents in acute phase of @entity64 . Only 19% of all @entity1 were treated in @entity64 care unit or intensive care unit. The modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at discharge was observed in 61% of the @entity1 , 3 to 5 in 32%, and the mortality rate was 7%. More than half of the @entity64 @entity1 arrived at the hospital after 6 hours of onset, and the @entity64 care unit was used only in one fifth of all @entity1 . Establishment of ideal emergency system and arrangement of @entity64 units are also awaited for better management and improvement of @entity1 ' outcome.

title: Hospital-based prospective registration of acute @entity385 and XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transient ischemic attack']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of major @entity740 ( @entity740 ) varies between 14 and 30%. @entity1 with @entity740 who are depressed have a worse quality of life, are hospitalized more often and die sooner than those who are not depressed. Antidepressant drugs are effective in the general population, but whether they improve outcomes in @entity740 is uncertain. Drug pharmacokinetics are altered in @entity740 , which may necessitate dose adjustment. We aimed to systematically review available evidence of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of antidepressant drugs when used in @entity1 with CKD3 to CKD5 (CKD3-5). METHODS: This is a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and observational studies examining antidepressants in @entity1 with CKD3-5, regardless of whether or not @entity1 are on dialysis. Through comprehensive searches of seven databases, we identified all studies examining pharmacokinetic properties or clinical outcomes in @entity1 with CKD3-5. One author assessed studies for eligibility and quality and extracted all data. Antidepressant drugs were the studied intervention. The main outcomes were pharmacokinetic parameters, clinical outcomes such as response to treatment, reduction in @entity308 severity and adverse events. RESULTS: We identified 28 studies evaluating pharmacokinetic parameters in @entity740 for 24 antidepressants. Sparse and heterogeneous data precluded informative meta-analysis. Drug clearance in CKD3-5 was markedly reduced for @entity4160 , @entity47889 , @entity906 , @entity21553 , @entity1153 , @entity752 , @entity18891 and @entity13707 . We identified one randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 14 @entity1 on haemodialysis for @entity905 versus placebo which showed no difference for efficacy and safety measures. One other RCT of @entity837 versus placebo in 62 @entity1 on haemodialysis provided no efficacy data. There were nine non-randomized trials, all suggesting benefit for the antidepressant under investigation. Side-effects were common, but mild in most @entity1 . The limitations of this review include the scarcity of randomized trial data, the small size of the observational studies and possibility of publication bias. In addition, study selection and data extraction were done by one reviewer only, increasing the risk for errors made in handling of the data. CONCLUSIONS: Dose reduction in CKD3-5 is necessary for @entity4160 , @entity47889 , @entity906 , @entity21553 , @entity1153 , @entity752 , @entity18891 and @entity13707 . The evidence on effectiveness of antidepressants versus placebo in @entity1 with CKD3-5, and with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM-IV)-defined @entity308 is insufficient, and in view of the high prevalence, a well-designed RCT is greatly needed.

title: Antidepressants for XXXX in stage 3-5 @entity740 : a systematic review of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety with recommendations by European Renal Best Practice (ERBP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity47889 :: ('MESH:C006566', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptylinoxide']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity13707 :: ('MESH:C050504', 'Chemical') :: ['tianeptine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity21553 :: ('MESH:C086816', 'Chemical') :: ['desvenlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'depression in stage 5 chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['selegiline']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in perioperative care and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity694 enrolled in Medicare health maintenance organizations compared with similar fee-for-service nonenrollees. METHODS: Cross-sectional evaluation of hospital care and posthospital outcomes with data obtained from medical records. Nineteen health maintenance organizations representing all model types were selected from 12 states. The nonenrollee sample was drawn from the same areas. The sample included 412 enrollees and 401 nonenrollees, representing 65 hospitals for health maintenance organizations and 61 hospitals for fee-for-service. RESULTS: Nonenrollees were slightly older and had higher preoperative risk. Enrollees had shorter intervals between admission and surgery (enrollees, 1.55 days vs nonenrollees, 2.85 days). Differences in length of stay (enrollees, 10.9 days vs nonenrollees, 14.2 days) persisted even after controlling for preoperative health status. Differences in admissions to intensive care units (enrollees, 36.4% vs nonenrollees, 44.4%) were highly influenced by preoperative health status. Nonenrollees were more significantly likely to receive preoperative antibiotics, postoperative testing (eg, postoperative chest radiographs and electrocardiograms), and postoperative @entity1 -controlled analgesia. @entity5 staging was similar for both groups. Enrollees were more likely to be discharged home, while nonenrollees were more likely to be discharged to a nursing home. There were no significant differences in hospital deaths or postdischarge readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: Health maintenance organization enrollees with @entity694 received less clinical services of several types than similar @entity1 in fee-for-service settings, had shorter hospital stays, and were less likely to be discharged to nursing homes. However, there was no evidence that they experienced different outcomes.

title: Perioperative management of XXXX under Medicare risk programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity632 and @entity786 (iFAC) in locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-two LABC @entity1 were treated with neoadjuvant iFAC chemotherapy including infusional @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2, continuous intravenous infusion, days 1-3), @entity632 (40 mg/m2, intravenous bolus, day 1) and @entity786 (600 mg/m2, intravenous bolus, day 1) every 3 weeks until maximum @entity5 response. @entity1 subsequently received surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as appropriate. RESULTS: Downstaging occurred in 71 of the 82 @entity1 (86.6%). Seventy-two @entity1 (67 @entity1 with downstaging and five @entity1 without downstaging) were resectable (resectability rate, 87.8%). The clinical response rate was 84.2%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 17.1% and a pathological CR rate of 7.8%. During 891 cycles of chemotherapy, the most common grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 was @entity1431 (36.0%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The median follow-up period was 51 months, with a median overall survival (OS) of 66 months, and a 5 year OS rate of 50.9% for all @entity1 . The 5 year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the 64 @entity1 who underwent surgery were 55.8% and 44.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with iFAC had a comparable response rate and DFS to the conventional bolus FAC regimen, with an acceptable @entity137 in LABC using the AJCC 2002 staging system. An early response to neoadjuvant iFAC was a favorable prognostic factor.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with infusional @entity1487 , XXXX and @entity786 (iFAC) in locally advanced @entity0 : an early response predicts good prognosis.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: With the three modalities of @entity5 treatment, surgery, radio- and chemo-therapy, even when applied in optimal conditions, over 50% of @entity1 remain incurable because of @entity3 . Hence the importance of preventive methods of approach to @entity5 . Host @entity1 @entity5 arise in renewing cell populations, while others, which originate in tissues with a slower rate of proliferation, are often preceded by tissue injury, which induces an adaptive proliferation (irritants, viruses, @entity519 etc.). Prospective and retrospective studies have shown that a " @entity1613 " ( @entity5436 ), meaning a certain histopathological substratum which, when not disturbed in its natural history through diagnostic or therapeutic proceedings, can evolve in a significant proportion, to @entity3 . Our earlier studies have revealed a specific host-resistance to placental suspension (PS) when injected intradermally in @entity1 with clinical conditions having, as histopathological substratum, an adaptive cellular proliferation. These findings suggest that a successful immunologic approach for adaptive proliferation is a boosted cell-mediated @entity56 which, as an adjunct to other therapies, would eliminate and thus prevent the progression of adaptive proliferation towards @entity5 . A vaccine consisting of PS used as an immunogen, mixed with and adjuvant (BCG) may allow the strengthening of what is a natural but ineffective bodily response to the problem of adaptive proliferation. It is easier to eliminate immunologically an antigenic homogeneous cellular proliferation process than a neoplastic one which is antigenically heterogeneous. The induction of cell-mediated @entity56 by a PS + BCG vaccine in healthy @entity1 would also be a primary immunoprophylaxis for some @entity5 in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is immunoprophylaxis of XXXX possible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'solid tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase I/II trial was conducted to assess feasibility and tolerability of @entity5 associated antigen peptide vaccination in hormone @entity263 (PC) @entity1 with biochemical recurrence after primary surgical treatment. METHODS: Nineteen HLA-A2 positive @entity1 with rising @entity7735 without detectable metastatic disease or local recurrence received 11 HLA-A*0201-restricted and two HLA class II synthetic peptides derived from PC @entity5 antigens subcutaneously for 18 months or until @entity7735 progression. The vaccine was emulgated in montanide ISA51 and combined with imiquimod, @entity2841 , mucin-1-mRNA/protamine complex, local @entity221 or no adjuvant. @entity7735 was assessed, geometric mean doubling times (DT) calculated and clinical performance monitored. RESULTS: @entity7735 DT of 4 out of 19 @entity1 (21%) increased from 4.9 to 25.8 months during vaccination. Out of these, two @entity1 (11%) exhibited @entity7735 stability for 28 and 31 months which were still continuing at data cut-off. One @entity1 showed no change of @entity7735 DT during vaccination but decline after the therapy. Three @entity1 had an interim @entity7735 decline or DT increase followed by DT decrease compared to baseline @entity7735 DT. Three of the responding @entity1 received imiquimod and one the mucin-1-mRNA/protamine complex as adjuvant; both are @entity6438 agonists. Eleven (58%) @entity1 had progressive @entity7735 values. The vaccine was well tolerated, and no grade III or IV @entity137 occurred. CONCLUSION: Multi-peptide vaccination stabilized or slowed down @entity7735 progress in four of 19 cases. The vaccination approach is promising with moderate adverse events. Long-term stability delayed @entity342 deprivation up to 31 months. @entity6438 co-activation seems to be beneficial.

title: Novel multi-peptide vaccination in Hla-A2+ hormone sensitive @entity1 with biochemical relapse of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['sensitive prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Complications of internal @entity1416 were studied in 21 @entity1 . The 9 male and 12 female @entity1 were 12-70 years old (average 39). This procedure was carried out for control of @entity548 due to @entity174 . Embolization was performed using gelfoam cubes (1-2 mm) for main internal iliac artery or its branches subselectively. In the earlier series, steel coils were placed in the internal iliac artery routinely after gelfoam embolization. In the group of 9 @entity1 , 4 male had @entity323 and 5 had no change in sexual function. As a possible post embolization @entity16 , 4 @entity1 had @entity132 and 8 @entity1 had gait disturbance. Three @entity1 had @entity3833 and one of them had also difficulty in defecation. All these complications following internal @entity1416 are suspected to be due to associated injuries and varied effect of traumatic @entity174 than a result of the @entity432 . Percutaneous transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective procedure of choice for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity174 .

title: [Complications following transcatheter XXXX for @entity548 associated with @entity174 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: Following a car accident, a @entity1 remained unconscious for approximately 20 min and confused for a few hours. When he could be questioned, he was found to have lost all past memories. The @entity5186 covered his whole life and concerned autobiographic events as well as famous facts and encyclopaedic knowledge. It also partially involved the verbal and visual lexicon. Reading, writing and counting were no longer possible. The profound impairment of retrograde memory contrasted with the preservation of anterograde memory, which permitted the @entity1 to reacquire some of the notions he had lost, without, however, recovering the feeling of a personal experience of autobiographical information. Four years later, the retrograde deficit was unmodified, except for what had been relearnt. The search for data in support of an organic or psychological aetiology was negative. No signs of @entity75 were apparent at the neurological examination and on CT, MRI and SPECT. On the other hand, there was no evidence of a @entity146 history, @entity1642 or emotional precipitants that could substantiate the hypothesis that the @entity1 derived a primary or secondary gain from @entity2730 . We propose that cases of focal @entity5186 , similar to the present one, deserve to be classified separately from organic and psychogenic forms under the label of 'functional' @entity5186 , a syndrome in which the threshold of activation of premorbid memories is abnormally raised by the @entity130 , leaving the encoding and retrieval of new memories unaffected.

title: Is memory loss without anatomical damage tantamount to a psychogenic deficit? The case of pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5186 :: ('MESH:D000648', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde amnesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity5186 :: (MESH:D000648,Disease) :: ['retrograde amnesia']


abstract: Since 1928, 288 cases of @entity309 and @entity4595 have been reported in the medical literature. The interactions between these two conditions and the etiopathogenic mechanisms they involve remain unclear. During a retrospective study of 100 @entity309 @entity1 and 80 @entity4595 @entity1 , we identified 14 additional @entity1 with both conditions. There were 10 females and four males (ratio 2.5/1). Bronchiectasis was confirmed either by computed tomography of the chest or by bronchography. The respiratory manifestations antedated the @entity2720 in 12 @entity1 , by a mean interval of 28.5 years. An infectious cause was identified in six cases. Neither the age at onset nor the duration of @entity309 were influenced by the presence of @entity4595 . Seven @entity1 had 15 extraarticular manifestations suggesting potentially severe @entity2720 . The flares of joint and respiratory symptoms were concomitant in six @entity1 . In six @entity1 , the respiratory manifestations worsened after onset of the @entity2720 . Tests for rheumatoid factors were positive in 73% of cases. Panhypogammaglobulinemia was found in one case. Ten @entity1 underwent lung function tests, which showed evidence of @entity3885 . Overall, our findings are consistent with previous reports in the literature. In @entity1 with predisposing immunogenetic factors, @entity4595 may be involved in the genesis of @entity309 .

title: XXXX and @entity4595 . A retrospective study of fourteen cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The effects of @entity8454 (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on @entity5 blood flow are controversial. This study examines the effects of ALA and @entity17654 -based PDT on blood flow of @entity694 implanted in @entity19 as well as the effects of ALA-based PDT on blood flow of @entity1 @entity14 and a @entity5 in situ. @entity5 are implanted in both flanks of @entity19 . One @entity5 of each animal serves as a control. Blood flow is measured using a laser Doppler method. Tumor blood flow in @entity19 not receiving a photosensitizer but treated with three different light fluences (50, 100 and 150 J/cm2) does not differ significantly from blood flow in the untreated @entity5 in the opposite flank. PDT after ALA administration using the three different light fluences does not significantly affect blood flow. In contrast, PDT after @entity17654 administration causes a significant @entity5 blood flow with each light fluence, but this change is not as dramatic as reported in other studies. In contrast to @entity19 , six @entity1 who receive ALA prior to surgery all show a decrease in blood flow (mean = 51.8%, p < 0.001) after PDT using 100 J/cm2. Comparison with other published results suggests that it is likely that flow measurement by the laser Doppler method underestimates the effects of PDT on @entity5 blood flow due to the depth of laser penetration. Nevertheless, the present observations on blood flow suggest that the effects of ALA-based PDT on @entity420 of the colon and rectum as well as an @entity5 in @entity1 are more pronounced than would be predicated by some animal studies.

title: Tumor blood-flow changes following protoporphyrin IX-based photodynamic therapy in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'decrease in tumor', 'intra-abdominal carcinoid tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon-26 tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Despite advances in care, mortality and morbidity remain high in adults with acute @entity4008 , particularly when due to @entity328 . Induced @entity2332 is @entity558 with global @entity12807 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that induced @entity2332 improves outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity4008 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : An open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial in 49 intensive care units in France, February 2009-November 2011. In total, 130 @entity1 were assessed for eligibility and 98 @entity772 adults (Glasgow @entity772 Scale [GCS] score of  <=8 for <12 hours) with community-acquired @entity4008 were randomized. INTERVENTIONS: @entity2332 group received a loading dose of 4  C cold saline and were cooled to 32  C to 34  C for 48 hours. The rewarming phase was passive. Controls received standard care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 3 months (a score of 5 [favorable outcome] vs a score of 1-4 [unfavorable outcome]). All @entity1 received appropriate antimicrobial therapy and vital support. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. The data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) reviewed severe adverse events and mortality rate every 50 enrolled @entity1 . RESULTS: After inclusion of 98 @entity772 @entity1 , the trial was stopped early at the request of the DSMB because of concerns over excess mortality in the @entity2332 group (25 of 49 @entity1 [51%]) vs the control group (15 of 49 @entity1 [31%]; relative risk [RR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.05-3.77; P   =   .04). @entity2506 was diagnosed in 77% of @entity1 . Mean (SD) temperatures achieved 24 hours after randomization were 33.3  C (0.9  C) and 37.0  C (0.9  C) in the @entity2332 and control group, respectively. At 3 months, 86% in the @entity2332 group compared with 74% of controls had an unfavorable outcome (RR, 2.17; 95% CI, 0.78-6.01; P   =   .13). After adjustment for age, score on GCS at inclusion, and the presence of @entity326 at inclusion, mortality remained higher, although not significantly, in the @entity2332 group (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.89-3.45; P   =   .10). Subgroup analysis on @entity1 with @entity2506 showed similar results. Post hoc analysis showed a low probability to reach statistically significant difference in favor of @entity2332 at the end of the 3 planned sequential analyses (probability to conclude in favor of futility, 0.977). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Moderate @entity2332 did not improve outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity4008 and may even be harmful. Careful evaluation of safety issues in future trials on @entity2332 are needed and may have important implications in @entity1 presenting with @entity326 or @entity64 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00774631.

title: Induced @entity2332 in severe XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['beneficial in other conditions']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumococcal meningitis', 'pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: The effect on a range of biologic responses of interferon-beta @entity563 ( @entity2391 ser), administered by either the sc or the iv route, was examined in 16 @entity1 . Despite the absence of IFN in the serum of 13 of 16 @entity1 after sc administration, biologic changes associated with IFN administration occurred. Significant increases in peripheral mononuclear cell surface proteins were evident. Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) showed a 23% increase in mean fluorescent intensity (P = .04) and a 9% increase in percentage of positive cells (P = .02); lymphocyte OKT10 had an 11% increase in percentage of positive cells (P less than .0001) and a 26% increase in mean fluorescent intensity (P = .002). Natural killer cell activity against the Change target increased by 125% (P = .004). Intracellular activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase increased 297% at 24 hours and 226% at 48 hours (P less than .0001). Significant increases in serum concentrations of @entity2262 (24% at 24 hr and 27% at 48 hr, P less than .0001) and @entity6421 (85%, P = .0001 and 165%, P = .00001) were observed. These alterations after sc administration were similar quantitatively to those resulting from the same dose of @entity2391 ser given iv. Thus, serum IFN concentrations did not have to be measurable for @entity2391 ser to exert biologic activity. The different effects of two dose levels, 45 X 10(6) IU and 180 X 10(6) IU, also were compared independent of route. The higher dose resulted in greater increases over baseline of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity (344% vs. 145% at 24 hr; 231% vs. 83% at 48 hr) and serum @entity6421 concentrations (185% vs. 99% at 24 hr; 271% vs. 153% at 48 hr). For all the other parameters, there was no significant difference between the two doses.

title: @entity1 biologic response modification by interferon in the absence of measurable serum concentrations: a comparative trial of subcutaneous and intravenous interferon-beta XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: To evaluate the use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) we performed a prospective study of 34 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 . Most @entity1 had @entity1442 and all but two @entity1 had osteolytic bone destructions and/or pathological @entity174 . Bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and hip were measured using a Hologic QDR-1000 scanner. Collapsed vertebrae were not excluded from analysis. Data from 289 healthy Danish volunteers aged 21-79 yr were used for calculation of Z-scores. Lumbar spine BMC (Z-score -0.46 +/- 0.23, p = 0.05) and lumbar spine @entity79 (Z-score -0.56 +/- 0.23, p = 0.02) were significantly reduced in @entity1582 @entity1 , whereas no reduction was seen in hip BMC or @entity79 . Collapsed vertebrae had marked reduced @entity79 (Z-score -1.34 +/- 0.22, p < 0.001), as had non-fractured vertebrae in the same individuals (Z-score -1.42 +/- 0.25, p < 0.001). Lumbar spine @entity79 correlated with radiologically assessed bone morbidity (r -0.37, p = 0.03) and stronger with the incidence of @entity174 (r -0.64, p < 0.001). Thus, @entity2331 of the back is common in @entity1582 and correlates with an increased incidence of @entity174 . DXA may identify subjects with increased risk of @entity174 for more intensive chemotherapeutic or anti-resorptive treatment.

title: Assessment of bone involvement in @entity1 with XXXX using bone densitometry.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: We have studied the effects of recombinant (r) @entity6977 ( @entity6977 ) on growth and differentiation of marrow pro-B-lymphocyte clones (CB/Bm7, LyD9, LyB9), marrow @entity8109 -lymphocyte clones (C4-77/3, C4-86/18, C4-95/16), and fetal thymocyte clones (FTH5, FTA2, FTD5) in the presence or absence of the bone @entity236 clone RP.0.10, which was selected for its ability to promote differentiation of the pro-B clones. @entity10956 alone stimulated some DNA synthesis (measured by @entity665 uptake) but not actual growth (increase in cell number) of the pro-B clones. Antibodies against @entity3646 and @entity650 or against receptors for @entity1199 , @entity2772 , and @entity225 did not inhibit this effect of @entity10956 on the pro-B clones. @entity10956 alone or in various combinations with other cytokines (from @entity8885 to @entity568 ) could not induce differentiation of the pro-B clones into IgM+ B cells regardless of the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The RP.0.10 @entity236 cells by themselves do not support the growth of the pro-B clones. However, the pro-B clones grew when cultured with @entity10956 and monolayers of the RP.0.10 stroma cells. While the RP.0.10 stroma cells induced the pro-B clones to differentiate into IgM+ B cells but not T3+ T cells when cultured in the presence of LPS and @entity7422 , the B-cell progenitor clones gave rise to significantly higher numbers of IgM+ B cells (up to 63%) and to many more B cells expressing higher levels of surface IgM when cocultured with @entity10956 , LPS, and RP.0.10 stroma cells. The pro-B clones also generated IgM+ B cells (up to 20%) when cocultured with RP.0.10 stroma cells and @entity10956 in the absence of LPS. By using culture plates designed for testing requirements for cell-cell contact, we found that cell interactions between the pro-B cell and the @entity236 cell are essential to induce rearrangement and expression of the immunoglobulin genes in the pro-B clones. Possible mechanisms to account for the remarkable effects of @entity10956 in the presence of RP.0.10 stroma cells on both growth and differentiation of the pro-B clones are discussed. Finally, @entity10956 alone or together with RP.0.10 stroma cells neither supported proliferation nor induced differentiation into T3+ T cells or IgM+ B cells of the marrow @entity8109 clones or the fetal thymocyte clones. In light of these findings, we postulate that the interaction of the pluripotential stem cell with @entity236 cells like RP.0.10 and the availability of @entity6977 could play a critical role in the commitment to develop along the B-lymphocyte pathway.

title: In vitro effects of recombinant XXXX on growth and differentiation of bone marrow pro-B- and @entity8109 -lymphocyte clones and fetal thymocyte clones.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

answer: @entity6977 :: (3574,Gene) :: ['interleukin 7']


abstract: The comparison of results after open surgery methods in the repair of rotator cuff @entity397 needs homogen @entity1 groups. We compared 34 @entity1 in 2 groups who were treated with open surgery for @entity397 of the supraspinatus muscles (lesion type III). @entity1 in group I were treated with transosseous suture refixation of the supraspinatus, in group II suture anchors (type: Corkscrew) were used. Both groups were age and gender paired. Preoperatively, all @entity1 had the same clinical status. For the evaluation of the clinical results at follow-up we used the Constant-Score. In addition, strength and @entity158 measurement and oblique X-rays of the shoulder were performed. The follow-up time was 18 months. In all @entity1 , the mean Constant-Score improved significantly with increase in muscle strength and marked @entity158 . Significant differences between both groups could not be observed. The mean time of surgery in group II (suture anchor) was significantly lower than in group I. In conclusion, with the anchor techniques the same good results can be achieved as with bone refixation. The shortening of the surgery time should, however, be seen in relation to the higher costs with this technique.

title: [Comparison of 2 surgical techniques in isolated XXXX . A matched-pair study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'isolated ruptures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain reduction', 'pain']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['supraspinatus rupture']


abstract: A number of concerns have been raised about @entity1 conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this study, 75 babies in the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital ICSI programme were determined during pediatric follow-up to assess the growth, development and @entity600 from April 1997 to December 2000. Male to female ratio was 1:1.27. Mean birth weight for singletons was not different from the general population. Thirty six per cent of the babies weighed less than 2,500 g, which was almost four times higher than naturally conceived babies. Approximately 27 per cent of deliveries were @entity2099 compared to 0.93 per cent from natural conception. Prematurity rate was 25 per cent and 85.7 per cent of deliveries were carried out by caesarian section. One baby (1.3%) had major @entity600 and 37 babies (49.3%) had one or more minor defects. Most of the babies had weight, height, and head circumference within normal ranges. After correction for gestational age, all the premature babies caught up growth within the first year of life. Eleven babies (14.7%) had abnormal or questionable results or @entity1605 at different ages. Longer-term follow-up is necessary to properly assess the growth and developmental outcome of the ICSI babies.

title: Growth and development of XXXX conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'congenital malformation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity41 ( @entity41 ) before allogeneic stem-cell transplantation was shown to predict outcome in @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in retrospective analysis. To verify this, the @entity981 Relapse @entity8352 ( @entity981 -REZ BFM) Study Group conducted a prospective trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between March 1999 and July 2005, 91 @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 treated according to the @entity981 -REZ BFM 96 or 2002 protocols and receiving stem-cell transplantation in >or= second remission were enrolled. @entity41 quantification was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. RESULTS: Probability of event-free survival (pEFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in 45 @entity1 with @entity41 >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells was 0.27 and 0.57 compared with 0.60 and 0.13 in 46 @entity1 with @entity41 less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (EFS, P = .004; CIR, P < .001). Intermediate-risk @entity1 (strategic group S1) with @entity41 >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 14) had a pEFS of 0.20 and CIR of 0.73, whereas @entity1 with @entity41 less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 21) had a pEFS of 0.68 and CIR of 0.09 (EFS, P = .020; CIR, P < .001). High-risk @entity1 (S3/4, third complete remission) who received transplantation with an @entity41 load of less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 25) showed a pEFS and CRI of 0.53 and 0.18, respectively. In contrast, pEFS and CRI were 0.30 and 0.50 in @entity1 who received transplantation with an @entity41 load of >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed @entity41 as the only independent parameter predictive for EFS (P = .006). CONCLUSION: @entity41 is an important predictor for post-transplantation outcome. As a result, new strategies with modified stem-cell transplantation procedures will be evaluated in @entity981 -BFM trials.

title: Prognostic value of minimal residual disease quantification before allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in relapsed childhood @entity981 : the XXXX -REZ BFM Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8352 :: ('MESH:C566367', 'Disease') :: ['Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'Minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity842 (NO) synthesized by fetal membranes may protect the fetus from @entity281 or immune challenge or have a tocolytic effect on myometrium. The sites of synthesis and enzymes responsible for NO production in @entity1 fetal membranes remain unidentified. METHOD OF STUDY: Fetal membranes were obtained from four groups of @entity1 : term (> 37 weeks gestation) or preterm (< 37 weeks gestation), both either in labor or not in labor. Frozen sections of membrane rolls were immunostained for inducible ( @entity3623 ) and endothelial (eNOS) @entity842 synthase isoforms and the monocyte/macrophage marker @entity5750 . RESULTS: Positive @entity3623 immunostaining was found in fibroblasts of amnionic and chorionic mesenchyme and in decidual macrophages identified by @entity5750 from all four groups of tissues. No @entity3623 immunostaining was seen in amnion epithelium or chorion trophoblast. Very intense @entity3623 staining was seen with evidence of monocyte/macrophage invasion of membranes. eNOS immunostaining was only found in decidual vascular endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: Constitutive expression of @entity3623 in decidual macrophages and fetal membrane fibroblasts may form an immune barrier against maternal insult. In @entity5870 , macrophage recruitment and NO expression may be part of the maternal immune response.

title: Immunolocalization of the inducible XXXX synthase isoform in @entity1 fetal membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternal infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) is a @entity6961 , characterized by the expansion of the red cell mass. Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity44615 (PB) in the long-term control of @entity4406 and to assess early and late events. DESIGN AND METHODS: From June 1975 to December 1997, 163 untreated @entity1 with @entity4406 (median age 57 years, range 30-82) were treated with PB in a single Institute for a median follow-up of 120 months. The diagnosis was made according to the Polycythemia Vera Study Group criteria. PB was given at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day until hematologic response (hematocrit < 45% and platelets < 400x109/L) and of 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/day as maintenance therapy. RESULTS: Hematologic remission was achieved in 94% of @entity1 in a median time of 13 weeks (range 6-48). Median overall survival was 215 months, with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.7. The cumulative risk of @entity204 was 11%, 22%, and 26% at 7, 10, and 12 years, respectively. The incidence of @entity715 events was 18.4x105 @entity1 -year and the cumulative risk was 6%, 11%, 16%, and 20% at 3, 7, 10, and 12 years respectively. @entity3052 occurred in 11 @entity1 , @entity4018 in 7, and @entity5 in 11. The 10-year cumulative risk of @entity1778 , @entity4018 , and @entity5 was 5%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. In the logistic analysis age over 65 (p = 0.0001) and @entity715 events at diagnosis (p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with a higher risk of @entity204 . Female gender (p = 0.02) and age over 65 (p = 0.01) significantly influenced the occurrence of @entity715 . Age was the only significant risk factor for @entity1778 (p = 0.04) and for @entity5 (p = 0.03), while the duration of PB treatment did not influence these risks. No significant risk factor was demonstrated for @entity4018 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates in a large series of @entity1 , observed for a long period, that @entity44615 is effective in the long-term control of @entity4406 . The risk of early @entity715 at 3 years is 6% and the 10-year risk of @entity3052 , late @entity4018 , and @entity5 is 5%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The duration of @entity44615 treatment did not correlate with these events.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in the treatment of polycythemia vera: long-term results in 163 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity44615 :: ('MESH:D010885', 'Chemical') :: ['pipobroman']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Polycythemia vera']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity44615 :: (MESH:D010885,Chemical) :: ['pipobroman']


abstract: In the present study we have characterized eight @entity1 @entity1721 cell lines for levels of expression of @entity43954 ; the CDK inhibitors @entity986 , p21WAF1 and @entity13525 ; the @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein; and in vitro @entity15308 - and @entity8985 -associated kinase activity; and also compared the growth properties of these cell lines. The level of the @entity4910 protein varied by over 30-fold amongst the eight cell lines. The high level in two cell lines was associated with amplification of this gene, but in three cell lines it was due to post-transcriptional events. Amongst the eight cell lines there was a significant correlation between the levels of @entity4910 , @entity995 and @entity13525 proteins, and @entity8985 -associated kinase activity. Furthermore, when an exogenous @entity4910 cDNA was over-expressed in the EC109 cell line by transfection, this led to increased expression of both @entity995 and @entity13525 . There was, however, no correlation between the level of @entity4910 expression and the cell doubling times, duration of the G1 phase, or colony-forming efficiency in agar. Two of the cell lines displayed a high level of the cyclin E protein, low levels of @entity4910 , lacked expression of the @entity995 protein and expressed high levels of the @entity986 protein. One of these cell lines displayed amplification of the latter gene. There was no correlation between the levels of cyclins E or A and in vitro @entity15308 kinase activity, but @entity15308 kinase activity was inversely correlated with the duration of the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these studies indicate marked heterogeneity in the expression of cell cycle-related proteins amongst a series of @entity418 cell lines. The correlation between the levels of the @entity4910 , @entity995 and @entity13525 proteins suggest the existence of a homeostatic feedback loop between positive and negative acting components of the cell cycle machinery.

title: Increased expression of the @entity13525 protein in @entity1 @entity418 cell lines that over-express XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'Rb']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on the high activity of single-agent @entity1311 and the superior one-year survival rates of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) treated with @entity3003 , a phase II trial was initiated using both agents in @entity1 with inoperable stages III and IV disease to investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination. @entity1 AND METHODS: Since July 1995, 60 @entity1 fulfilling all eligibility criteria entered this study. All @entity1 received @entity1311 175 mg/m2 as a three-hour infusion, and @entity3003 dosed to an area under the concentration-time curve of seven, every three weeks. No @entity1261 was given. Of the 56 male and four female @entity1 , the median age was 57 years (range 29 to 75 years) and the median Eastern Co-Operative Oncology Group performance status was one. Most of the @entity1 had stage IV (34) @entity420 (31) with low differentiation (28). The median number of chemotherapy cycles was three, with a range of one to eight. RESULTS: Of 55 evaluable @entity1 , 15 (27.3%) achieved partial responses, 15 (27.3%) had stable disease, and 25 (45.4%) had progressive disease. The median survival was 8.95 months and 21.6% of the @entity1 survived more than one year. Grade 2/3 nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity1665 (59%), @entity2359 (3%), and @entity925 / @entity4841 (10%). Grade 2/3 @entity1398 occurred in 14% of @entity1 , whereas grade 3/4 @entity882 was seen in only 4%. One @entity1 died of complications of a severe @entity56 . CONCLUSION: Combination treatment using @entity1311 and @entity3003 is active and well tolerated in @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 . The dose-response relationship to @entity1311 and results of comparison with other @entity902 -based regimens remain to be determined.

title: XXXX and @entity3003 in inoperable @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: The institution of a continuous surveillance program is a compulsory prerequisite to the effective control of @entity580 . This is actually the main task of the Committee for Nosocomial Infection Control as ruled by the decree of 8 May 1988. The methodology of this surveillance relies on the continuous collection of data. It must apply to hospitals of any size and lead to practical actions, at the general or local level according to circumstances. Data concern @entity1 and staff as well. They must be collected from different sources among which the bacteriology and hygiene laboratories play an important role. However @entity281 records from wards constitute the cornerstones for the surveillance program: the personnel involved in the filling of the forms must be clearly identified. The scope of the surveillance and analytical methods are also discussed: a comprehensive control of the whole hospital associated with incidence measurement appears to be the best approach. Prevalence surveys are also performed. They allow a better control of continuous surveillance processes. However these processes will only be profitable if the data to be recorded have been previously specified. It is of importance to get the most comprehensive data about infectious hazards. One might rely not on global @entity281 rates per hospital, as they have no significance, but on specific @entity281 rates in correlation with body sites or risk factors.

title: [Critical study of surveillance of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is a relatively common @entity154 which sometimes becomes symptomatic and mimics other upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathologies. It is the presence of abnormally located pancreatic glandular tissue at sites with no structural or vascular contact with the main pancreas. It most often occurs in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. The hallmark of diagnosis is the presence of pancreatic tissue within another, anatomically different organ. CASE REPORT: We report three @entity1 , I, II, and III, 48, 86, and 33 years of age, respectively, surgically treated for symptomatic heterotopic pancreas in the pylorus. A review of the literature on this pathology is hereby presented. @entity1 I and II had uneventful postoperative recovery, while @entity1 III developed @entity86 due to leakage from the gastric suture line, which was treated with further surgery. Histology confirmed @entity788 in all cases. All @entity1 made full recovery and follow-up endoscopy showed no @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Most pancreatic @entity3664 are asymptomatic and require no treatment. This entity is extremely difficult to diagnose preoperatively as the cause of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms and therefore requires a high index of suspicion. Symptomatic lesions should be excised, and this can be safely carried out by minimally invasive techniques depending on the size and the anatomical location.

title: Symptomatic pyloric XXXX : report of three cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic heterotopia', 'pancreatic heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic heterotopia']


abstract: The study aimed to compare the effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia ( @entity1041 ) with those of the beta-adrenoceptor blocker, @entity1406 , on central haemodynamics in conscious @entity35 with acute @entity583 . During methohexital anaesthesia, appropriate vascular catheters were inserted, a thoracic epidural catheter was implanted and the left coronary artery was ligated. A recovery period of 1-2 h elapsed after termination of surgery and anaesthesia. Experiments were performed on four separate groups of animals (A-D). In Group A (n = 10) mean arterial pressure (MAP), @entity998 (CO) were measured, and @entity64 volume (SV) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated before and 10-15 min after the induction of @entity1041 ( @entity1341 5 mg.ml-1). In Group B (n = 6) left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal dP/dt were recorded as in Group A. In Group C (n = 10) central haemodynamics were measured 10 min after i.v. @entity1406 (0.5 mg.kg-1) and again 10-15 min after the addition of @entity1041 . In Group D (n = 6) LVEDP and max dP/dt were measured as in Group C. The reduction in CO, SV, HR and max dP/dt was of the same magnitude with @entity1041 and @entity1406 . @entity1041 lowered MAP by 17%, while @entity1406 did not change MAP. @entity1406 caused an increase in LVEDP from 20.8 +/- 1.8 to 27.5 +/- 2.7 mmHg (2.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 kPa) (P less than 0.01), while @entity1041 induced a decrease in LVEDP from 24.2 +/- 1.4 to 17.8 +/- 1.6 mmHg (3.2 +/- 0.2 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 kPa) (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on central haemodynamics compared to cardiac beta adrenoceptor blockade in conscious @entity35 with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR), and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of a new reimbursement rule for antihypertensive medication that made @entity7206 mandatory first-line drugs for newly treated, uncomplicated @entity101 . The objective of the new regulation was to reduce drug expenditures. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis on prescribing data before and after the new reimbursement rule for antihypertensive medication was put into effect. All @entity1 started on antihypertensive medication in 61 general practices in Norway were included in the analysis. The new rule was put forward by the Ministry of Health and was approved by parliament. Adherence to the rule was monitored only minimally, and there were no penalties for non-adherence. Our primary outcome was the proportion of @entity2740 prescriptions among all prescriptions made for @entity1 started on antihypertensive medication. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of @entity1 who, within 4 mo, reached recommended blood-pressure goals and the proportion of @entity1 who, within 4 mo, were not started on a second antihypertensive drug. We also compared drug costs before and after the intervention. During the baseline period, 10% of @entity1 started on antihypertensive medication were given a @entity2740 prescription. This proportion rose steadily during the transition period, after which it remained stable at 25%. For other outcomes, no statistically significant differences were demonstrated. Achievement of treatment goals was slightly higher (56.6% versus 58.4%) after the new rule was introduced, and the prescribing of a second drug was slightly lower (24.0% versus 21.8%). Drug costs were reduced by an estimated Norwegian kroner 4.8 million (0.58 million @entity7634 , US 0.72 million) in the first year, which is equivalent to Norwegian kroner 1.06 per inhabitant (0.13 @entity7634 , US 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing of @entity7206 in Norway for uncomplicated @entity101 more than doubled after a reimbursement rule requiring the use of @entity7206 as the first-choice therapy was put into effect. However, the resulting savings on drug expenditures were modest. There were no significant changes in the achievement of treatment goals or in the prescribing of a second antihypertensive drug.

title: The effects of mandatory prescribing of @entity7206 for newly treated, uncomplicated XXXX : interrupted time-series analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some @entity1 with @entity1204 may be at increased risk for developing @entity0 . The histologic type of @entity1204 associated with @entity0 has not been clearly established. Our purpose was to determine if a certain histologic type of @entity1204 was associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics @entity5 registry was queried to ascertain all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity5 from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1994. Statistics were performed utilizing SPSS for Windows version 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), including Student's t tests and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-two @entity1 had @entity1204 during the study period. Five hundred thirty-six @entity1 had @entity4348 , 23 @entity1 had @entity1377 (UPSC), 21 @entity1 had @entity1962 , 10 @entity1 had @entity1358 , and 1 @entity1 each had @entity957 . Twelve @entity1 had previously been diagnosed with @entity0 . Twenty-five @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 either concurrently or subsequent to their diagnosis of @entity1204 . Synchronous or subsequent @entity0 developed in 3.2% of @entity1 with @entity4348 and in 25% of @entity1 with UPSC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with UPSC have an increased risk of development of @entity0 as compared to @entity1 with @entity4348 .

title: @entity1377 of the uterus: increased risk of subsequent or concurrent development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'synchronous or subsequent breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'uterine cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous or squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Residual forefoot adduction and supination deformities with functional problems and difficulty with shoe wear may occur during the course of management of the @entity5149 . Between 1975 and 1988, 55 @entity1 with 71 feet who had residual dynamic @entity85 underwent anterior tibial tendon transfer. There were 42 full anterior tibial tendon transfers (FTs) and 29 split anterior tibial tendon transfers (STs). The average age of the @entity1 at the time of the procedure was 6 years. The age at surgery for FT was 5.3 years compared with 7.1 years in ST. The clinical appearance of the feet improved in both groups, according to @entity195 . The range-of-motion improvement was noted in dorsiflexion and eversion. There was an increase of eversion strength of both groups by 1.5 grades. The radiographic improvement was noted in both forefoot adduction and supination. Although the FT group had a little better statistical data than did the ST group, the ST group had better preservation of inversion function.

title: Anterior tibial tendon transfer in residual dynamic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clubfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital clubfoot']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Garceau's criteria"]

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['clubfoot deformity']


abstract: Plasma membrane proteins involved in transport processes play a crucial role in cell physiology. On account of these properties, these molecules are ideal targets for development of new therapeutic and agronomic agents. However, these proteins are of low abundance, which limits their study. Although @entity375 seems ideal for expressing heterologous transporters, plasma membrane proteins are often retained in intracellular compartments. We tried to find @entity375 mutants potentially able to improve functional expression of a whole set of heterologous transporters. We focused on @entity958 ureide transporter 1 ( @entity50315 ), previously cloned by functional complementation in @entity375 . Tagged versions of @entity50315 remain mostly trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and were able to reach slowly the plasma membrane. In contrast, untagged @entity50315 is rapidly delivered to plasma membrane, where it remains in stable form. Tagged and untagged versions of @entity50315 were expressed in cells deficient in the ubiquitin ligase @entity55067 , involved in various stages of the intracellular trafficking of membrane-bound proteins. @entity55067 mutants displayed improved steady state amounts of untagged and tagged versions of @entity50315 . @entity55067 cells are thus powerful tools to solve the many problems inherent to heterologous expression of membrane proteins in @entity375 , including ER retention.

title: Heterologous expression of a plant uracil transporter in @entity375 : improvement of plasma membrane targeting in mutants of the XXXX ubiquitin protein ligase.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity55067 :: (856862(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Rsp5p']


abstract: @entity309 has a significant impact on @entity1 ' physical, emotional and social functioning that often occurs very early in the disease with the onset of symptoms. @entity1 therefore come to their consultation with the rheumatologist, having often experienced these symptoms over a period of some months, with specific expectations (for reassurance and diagnosis) and their own understanding and beliefs about the aetiology and prognosis of their symptoms. Information and advice given by rheumatologists will be rejected by @entity1 if it cannot be accommodated within these lay beliefs. The diagnosis itself can cause a variety of reactions, including relief, disbelief, anger, fear and devastation. Following diagnosis, @entity1 are faced with the problems of adapting to a new self-concept, managing their symptoms and trying to assimilate the large amount of information that they are given about their disease, its treatment, preferred health behaviours, prognosis and so on. There are a number of ways in which health professionals can reduce this impact in @entity66 . Eliciting @entity1 ' lay beliefs about the cause of their symptoms will ensure that information given in the consultation is relevant to individual @entity1 and is presented in a way that has meaning for them. Determining @entity1 ' expectations of the rheumatologist will ensure that @entity1 ' needs for information and reassurance are met and that unrealistic or inappropriate expectations can be discussed and re-negotiated. Understanding @entity1 ' attitudes towards treatment interventions will inform shared clinical decision-making and promote adherence. Obtaining this information in the context of a time-limited consultation can be assisted by the use of validated clinical tools, presented as self-completed questionnaires. Further research is needed to determine the content, frequency, timing and methodology of educational interventions in early @entity309 and to improve the understanding of the complex interaction between lay beliefs and disease outcome.

title: What is the impact of early XXXX on the individual?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the results of the Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial, @entity1780 initiation may be considered for individuals with elevated high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP). However, if followed prospectively, many individuals with elevated CRP may become statin eligible, limiting the impact of elevated CRP as a treatment indication. This analysis estimates the proportion of @entity1 with elevated CRP that become statin eligible over time. HYPOTHESIS: Most @entity1 with elevated CRP become statin eligible over a short period of time. METHODS: We followed 2153 Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) @entity1 free of @entity65 and @entity6 with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 <130 mg/dL at baseline to determine the proportion who become eligible for statins over 4.5 years. The proportion eligible for statin therapy, defined by the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) 2004 updated guidelines, was calculated at baseline and during follow-up stratified by baseline CRP level (>= 2 mg/L). RESULTS: At baseline, 47% of the 2153 @entity1 had elevated CRP. Among @entity1 with elevated CRP, 29% met NCEP criteria for statins, compared with 28% without elevated CRP at baseline. By 1.5 years later, 26% and 22% (P = 0.09) of those with and without elevated CRP at baseline reached NCEP low-density lipoprotein @entity165 criteria and/or had started statins, respectively. These increased to 42% and 39% (P = 0.24) at 3 years and 59% and 52% (P = 0.01) at 4.5 years following baseline. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of those with elevated CRP did not achieve NCEP-based statin eligibility over 4.5 years of follow-up. These findings suggest that many @entity1 with elevated CRP may not receive the benefits of statins if CRP is not incorporated into the NCEP screening strategy.

title: XXXX level and the incidence of eligibility for statin therapy: the multi-ethnic study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: @entity976 are difficult to treat. The extended transsphenoidal approach has recently been described in several small series. We describe the usefulness of microscopy-assisted angled endoscopy for visualizing vital structures such as @entity5 attachment or @entity5 invasion to the pituitary stalk to achieve confident @entity5 removal. Between 2006 and 2010, 15 @entity1 underwent the microscopy-assisted extended transsphenoidal approach for resection of entirely suprasellar @entity976 . Fourteen @entity1 had the transinfundibular type, and one had the transinfundibular type with extension to the third ventricle. We observed color change within the pituitary stalk by endoscopy. The pituitary stalk was cut intentionally in 10 @entity1 because of suspected @entity5 invasion surrounding the stalk. Total removal was accomplished in nine @entity1 . Pathological specimens from the pituitary stalk showed @entity5 invasion spreading over the surface of the pituitary stalk, shown by a discolored pituitary stalk, and this was essential for confident @entity5 removal. Even after stalk resection, postoperative @entity2010 was minimal when a bright signal on T1 in the posterior lobe was not observed with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Confident @entity5 removal is possible with the introduction of the endoscopy-assisted microscopic extended transsphenoidal approach.

title: Outcome of endoscopy-assisted microscopic extended transsphenoidal surgery for suprasellar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'Craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radical tumor']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['adult craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity859 A2A agonist @entity44732 ( @entity44732 ) has been shown to prevent @entity5721 in multiple organ systems through inhibition of activated leukocyte-endothelial interaction. We hypothesized that systemic ATL-146e could reduce spinal cord @entity5721 after aortic clamping. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity95 underwent cross-clamping of the infrarenal aorta for 45 minutes. One group received intravenous ATL-146e for 3 hours during reperfusion. A second cohort received only vehicle and served as controls. Animals were assessed at 24 and 48 hours using the Tarlov (0 to 5) scoring system for hind limb function. To evaluate @entity528 , immunostaining of lumbar spinal cord sections was performed using anti-SMI 33 antibody against neurofilament. RESULTS: Systemic ATL-146e was tolerated without hemodynamic lability. Animals that received ATL-146e had significantly improved neurologic outcomes 24 and 48 hours after @entity2759 (p < 0.001). There was preservation of neuronal architecture in the ventral horn of spinal cord sections from animals receiving ATL-146e compared with control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ATL-146e given during reperfusion is tolerated without hemodynamic lability, and results in substantially improved spinal cord function after @entity63 by preservation of ventral horn neurons.

title: Systemic @entity859 A2A agonist ameliorates XXXX in the @entity95 spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity44732 :: ('MESH:C431129', 'Chemical') :: ['ATL-146e', '4-[3-[6-Amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]-prop-2-ynyl]-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal attrition']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['ischemic reperfusion injury']


abstract: The family of ten isomorphous tetragonal A-DNA octamers provides a unique opportunity to examine major groove hydration in terms of base sequence and local parameter effects. The presence of a severely underwound central py.pu base step (average = 24.1 degrees), which lies on a crystallographic 2-fold in the unit cell, provides a sharp change in the local environment in which to study and separate the effects of base sequence and local helix geometry on major groove hydration. For this reason, and to avoid bias secondary to end effects, hydration analysis was restricted to the central four dyad-related base paris. This study finds that d(CG) base pairs are better hydrated than d(TA) base pairs, 2.5 @entity2507 vs 1.3 @entity2507 ; steps with high twist angles are better hydrated than steps with low twist angles, 6.9 @entity2507 vs 0 @entity2507 ; negative roll angles are better hydrated than positive roll angles, 2.8 @entity2507 vs 1.8 @entity2507 ; and flanking base pairs are better hydrated than central base pairs, 2.6 @entity2507 vs 2.0 @entity2507 , a phenomenon which is sequence independent, occurring for both d(CG) and d(TA) base pairs. The twist angle and base roll combine to significantly affect the pattern and degree of major groove hydration in this family of octamers. A previous study of A-DNA octamers and their helix parameters established a strong dependency on crystal packing forces with little or no @entity734 on the base sequence [Ramakrishnan _ Sundaralingam (1993) J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 11. 11-26]. We find that the degree and pattern of major groove hydration are strongly influenced by the local helix parameters, implying an indirect, but significant, relationship between major groove hydration and environmental forces, i.e., crystal packing, drug binding, and protein-DNA interactions.

title: Comparison of major groove hydration in isomorphous A-DNA octamers and XXXX on base sequence and local helix geometry.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: Background: Good writing skills are needed in almost every aspect of life today, and there is a growing interest in research into acquired @entity5516 . Most of the findings reported so far, however, are based on words produced in isolation. The present study deals with the production of entire texts. Aims: The aim was to characterize written narratives produced by a group of @entity1 with @entity2026 . Methods _ Procedures: Eight @entity1 aged 28-63 years with @entity2026 took part in the study. They were compared with a reference group consisting of ten @entity1 aged 21-30 years. All @entity1 were asked to write a personal narrative titled 'I have never been so afraid' and to perform a picture-based story-generation task called the 'Frog Story'. The texts were written on a computer. Outcome _ Results: The group could be divided into @entity1 with low, moderate, and high general performance, respectively. The texts written by the @entity1 in the group with moderate and high writing performance had comparatively good narrative structure despite indications of difficulties on other linguistic levels. Conclusions _ Implications: @entity2026 appeared to influence text writing on different linguistic levels. The impact on overall structure and coherence was in line with earlier findings from the analysis of spoken and written discourse and the implication of this is that the written modality should also be included in language rehabilitation.

title: XXXX and text writing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Aphasia', 'aphasia']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['writing difficulties']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity565 and @entity28 are complex disorders that are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Shared genetic factors between @entity565 and @entity28 have been proposed to partly explain epidemiological findings of co-morbidity between these conditions. OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic variants that are associated with body mass index (BMI) in asthmatic @entity1 and adults, and to evaluate if there are differences between the genetics of BMI in asthmatics and healthy individuals. METHODS: In total, 19 studies contributed with genome-wide analysis study (GWAS) data from more than 23 000 individuals with predominantly European descent, of whom 8165 are asthmatics. RESULTS: We report associations between several @entity52783 variants (P = 2.2   10(-7) for @entity52784 ) on chromosome 1q31 and BMI from a meta-analysis of GWAS data using 2691 asthmatic @entity1 (screening data). The top @entity52783 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were next evaluated in seven independent replication data sets comprising 2014 asthmatics, and @entity52784 was nominally replicated (P < 0.05) in two of the seven studies and of borderline significance in one (P = 0.059). However, strong evidence of effect heterogeneity was observed and overall, the association between @entity52784 and BMI was not significant in the total replication data set, P = 0.71. Using a random effects model, BMI was overall estimated to increase by 0.30 kg/m(2) (P = 0.01 for combined screening and replication data sets, N = 4705) per additional G allele of this DENND1BSNP. FTO was confirmed as an important gene for adult and childhood BMI regardless of @entity565 status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity52783 was recently identified as an @entity565 susceptibility gene in a GWAS on @entity1 , and here, we find evidence that @entity52783 variants may also be associated with BMI in asthmatic @entity1 . However, the association was overall not replicated in the independent data sets and the heterogeneous effect of @entity52783 points to complex associations with the studied diseases that deserve further study.

title: Genome-wide association study of body mass index in 23 000 individuals with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']