abstract: CONCLUSION: The pancreatic damage initiated via different pathogenetic pathways can be increased by @entity1674 . Thus, @entity1674 seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 . BACKGROUND: Lipolytic enzymes and their substrates may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity656 . We investigated, therefore, whether @entity1674 alter the course of acute @entity788 in three experimental models of @entity35 . METHODS: 1. @entity4 acute @entity788 induced by repeated sc injections of @entity8629 ; 2. Necrotizing acute @entity788 by retrograde duct injection of @entity7362 ; and 3. Pancreatic @entity4 by ligation of: a. The bile duct at the liver hilus; b. The common bile/pancreatic duct close to the duodenal wall; or c. A combination of a. and b. Six hours later, @entity35 were sacrificed and the isolated perfused pancreas prepared. The pancreases were perfused with either HEPES/Ringer/HAES alone or in combination with various concentrations of @entity1674 (1-5% wt/vol). The activities of @entity9112 and amylase in the portal venous effluents were regarded as a marker of @entity660 . In addition, the pancreases were evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS: In both @entity8629 and @entity7362 acute @entity788 , amylase/ @entity9112 activities were significantly higher compared to controls during 45 min of perfusion. In both models, addition of @entity1674 caused a dose-dependent marked elevation of enzymes. Ligation (a) did not cause any rise in enzymes in the venous effluent; @entity1674 had no effect. Ligation (b) or (c) caused a significant increase of pancreatic enzymes, which was further increased by @entity1674 . Histology showed various degrees of severity of @entity3145 depending on the model used. The additional damaging effect of a 45-min perfusion with @entity1674 , however, could not be detected by histology.

title: Role of hypertriglyceridemia in the pathogenesis of experimental acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium taurocholate', 'taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edematous']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity4195 is an important pathogen that causes @entity7551 , @entity295 , and @entity4789 . Cell-associated streptococcal @entity2242 peptidase (ScpA) protects @entity4195 from phagocytosis and has been suggested to interrupt host defenses by enzymatically cleaving complement @entity2242 , a major factor in the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of @entity281 . How @entity4195 recognizes and binds to @entity2242 , however, is unclear. We detected a @entity2242 -binding protein in 8 M @entity1133 extracts of @entity4195 by ligand blotting using biotinylated @entity2242 . Searching of genome databases showed that the @entity2242 -binding protein is identical to the streptococcal plasmin receptor (Plr), also known as streptococcal surface dehydrogenase ( @entity10168 ) and @entity16335 dehydrogenase ( @entity7501 ). In the present study we identified a novel function of this multifunctional protein. Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy with anti-Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 showed that Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 is located on the bacterial surface and released into the culture supernatant. Next, we examined whether the streptococcal Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 inhibits the biological effects of @entity2242 on @entity1 neutrophils. We found that soluble Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 inhibits @entity2242 -activated chemotaxis and @entity274 production. Furthermore, our results suggested that soluble Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 captures @entity2242 , inhibiting its chemotactic function. Also, cell-associated Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 and ScpA were both necessary for the cleavage of @entity2242 on the bacterial surface. Together, these results indicate that the multifunctional protein Plr/ @entity10168 / @entity7501 has additional functions that help @entity4195 escape detection by the host immune system.

title: Multifunctional @entity16335 dehydrogenase of XXXX is essential for evasion from neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening following @entity131 ( @entity131 ) provides a chance for therapeutic agents to cross the barrier, yet the reduction of the cerebral microvascular perfusion after @entity131 may limit the intervention. Meanwhile, optimizing the cerebral capillary perfusion by the strategies such as fluid administration may cause @entity2657 due to the BBB opening post @entity130 . To guide the @entity131 therapy, we characterized the relationship between the changes in the cerebral capillary perfusion and BBB permeability after @entity131 . First, we observed the changes of the cerebral capillary perfusion by the intracardiac perfusion of Evans Blue and the BBB disruption with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the @entity35 subjected to lateral fluid percussion (FP) @entity1545 . The correlation between two variables was next evaluated with the correlation analysis. Since related to BBB breakdown, @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) activity was finally detected by gelatin zymography. We found that the ratios of the perfused microvessel numbers in the lesioned cortices were significantly reduced at 0 and 1   h post @entity130 compared with that in the normal cortex, which then dramatically recovered at 4 and 24   h after injury, and that the BBB permeability was greatly augmented in the ipsilateral parts at 4, 12, and 24   h, and in the contralateral area at 24   h after injury compared with that in the uninjured brain. The correlation analysis showed that the BBB permeability increase was related to the restoration of the cerebral capillary perfusion over a 24-h period post @entity130 . Moreover, the gelatin zymography analysis indicated that the @entity6929 activity in the injured brain increased at 4   h and significantly elevated at 12 and 24   h as compared to that at 0 or 1   h after @entity131 . Our findings demonstrate that the 4   h post @entity130 is a critical turning point during the development of @entity131 , and, importantly, the correlation analysis may guide us how to treat @entity131 .

title: Blood-brain barrier permeability is positively correlated with cerebral microvascular perfusion in the early fluid percussion-injured brain of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 presented with a 6-month history of intermittent right flank @entity158 . Radiological imaging confirmed the diagnosis of @entity23499 ( @entity23499 ) and @entity1607 . Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) ureterolithotomy and ureteroureterostomy was successfully performed. The operative time was 185 min and the @entity190 was approximately 20 ml. The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative analgesia was not needed. The @entity1 was discharged on the third postoperative day. The drain and double-J stent were respectively removed at 1 and 8 weeks postoperatively. At the 3-month follow-up, nuclear scan showed no evidence of @entity8 and the @entity1 also remained symptom free. It may be concluded that retroperitoneal LESS repair for @entity23499 is a feasible and safe procedure, which can be considered as a option for the management of @entity23499 even if it is complicated by the presence of a @entity1607 .

title: Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site ureterolithotomy and ureteroureterostomy for XXXX with @entity1607 : first case report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of the right kidney']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity23499 :: ('MESH:D064749', 'Disease') :: ['RCU', 'retrocaval ureter']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculus']

answer: @entity23499 :: (MESH:D064749,Disease) :: ['retrocaval ureter']


abstract: Intracranial @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) is an uncommon @entity558 ; in particular, it has been infrequently reported in Korea. To understand the general clinical characteristics of DAVFs, the authors reviewed 53 cases and analyzed factors affecting @entity2457 @entity548 of and treatment outcome. Since 1980 we have encountered 480 pial and 53 DAVFs, a ratio of 9.1 to 1. The age of these @entity1 ranged from 1 month to 71 years, the most common being in the 6th decade, and females exceeded males by 1.65 to 1. All lesions except three were single, and symptoms were related to location and the venous drainage pattern. The most common location was the cavernous sinus, accounting for about 64% of cases, with the result that the most common clinical symptoms of DAVFs were ocular, namely proptosis and chemosis. The next was @entity392 also found in transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs. @entity932 was seen in eight cases,(15%) the primary cause of @entity548 was retrograde intracranial venous drainage (P=0.017), and one @entity548 was observed in cases with no intracranial venous drainage. @entity932 was more frequently in transverse-sigmoid than cavernous sinus DAVFs (P=0.049), and this proved to be so even where there was intracranial venous drainage. However, two of 34 @entity1 with cavernous DAVFs became blind in one eye, demonstrating that in such @entity1 , the clinical course could be aggressive. Thirteen @entity1 were treated conservatively. The conservative treatment group was comprised of 13 @entity1 , two of three @entity1 with transverse-sigmoid sinus @entity2457 expired, and 7 of 10 with cavernous sinus @entity2457 experienced a clinical improvement or cure. Surgical excision was performed in only two @entity1 . A total of 39 @entity1 underwent embolization; clinical cure was achieved in 13, improvement of symptoms in 12, an unchanged or aggravated result occurred in 9, one died, and four were lost to follow up. During intervention, there was one @entity548 , owing to obstruction of the venous outflow with embolic materials. In this study, the most common location of DAVFs was the cavernous sinus. The cortical venous drainage remains the primary determinant of @entity932 . Common indications for treatment include @entity548 and @entity51 . Endovascular treatment is preferred in the majority of cases except tentorial @entity2457 . The @entity887 in cavernous @entity2457 is the alleviation of symptoms, not angiographic cure. But transverse-sigmoid sinus @entity2457 with venous restriction and leptomeningeal drainage should be treated aggressively.

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical condition']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complication', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['DAVF', 'dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['goal of embolization']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a survey to measure seniors' embracement of ambulatory @entity1 safety self-advocacy behaviors, the Senior Empowerment and Advocacy in @entity1 Safety (SEAPS) survey. METHODS: Content was developed by review of published recommendations combined with interviews and focus groups with community members; items were generated for subscales based on the health belief model (HBM). Psychometric characteristics were assessed by cluster and correlation analyses on a pilot test of 143 community dwelling seniors; the ability of the subscales and demographic variables to predict reported behavior was investigated by multiple regression. RESULTS: The four subscales of the SEAPS were outcome efficacy (OE), attitudes (ATT), @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) and behaviors ( @entity53912 ). Cronbach alphas were 0.74 for ATT, 0.79 for @entity53912 , and 0.91 for OE and @entity14062 . Analysis of variance showed that there were no differences in any subscale score by race, education level or frequency of doctor visits, but @entity1 were noted to have significantly higher scores (p<.01) on the ATT and @entity14062 subscales and for the total of all the scales. Multiple regressions showed that @entity14062 significantly predicted self-reported behavior (p<.001). OE was a significant predictor for whites (p<.001) but not for African-Americans (p=.24). CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a short, 21-item self-administered survey to assess seniors' views about their participation in safety tasks. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: We believe the SEAPS shows promise to be a tool for evaluating interventions and training programs aimed at improving seniors' self-advocacy skills. Effective interventions may improve the involvement of @entity1 in their own safety in the clinical setting.

title: Development of an instrument to measure seniors' XXXX safety health beliefs: the Seniors Empowerment and Advocacy in @entity1 Safety (SEAPS) survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['self-efficacy', 'SE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The respiratory system of @entity1 is made of two successive branched structures with different physiological functions. The upper structure, or bronchial tree, is a fluid transportation system made of approximately 15 generations of bifurcations leading to the order of about 2(15) = 30, 000 terminal bronchioles with a diameter of approximately 0.5mm in the @entity1 lung. The branching pattern continues up to generation 23 but the structure and function of each of the subsequent structures, called acini, is different. Each acinus consists in a branched system of ducts surrounded by alveoli and plays the role of a diffusion cell where @entity26 and @entity544 are exchanged with blood across the alveolar membrane. We show here that the bronchial tree simultaneously presents several different optimal properties. It is first energy efficient, second, it is space filling and third it is also "rapid". This physically based multi-optimality suggests that, in the course of evolution, an organ selected against one criterion could have been used later for a totally different purpose. For example, once selected for its energetic efficiency for the transport of a viscous fluid like blood, the same genetic material could have been used for its optimized rapidity. This would have allowed the emergence of atmospheric respiration made of inspiration-expiration cycles. For this phenomenon to exist, rapidity is essential as fresh air has to reach the gas exchange organs, the pulmonary acini, before the beginning of expiration. We finally show that the pulmonary acinus is optimized in the sense that the acinus morphology is directly related to the notion of a "best possible" extraction of entropic energy by a diffusion exchanger that has to feed @entity26 efficiently from air to blood across a membrane of finite permeability.

title: Optimisations and evolution of the XXXX respiratory system : A suggestion of possible gene sharing in evolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalians', 'human']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the quality of life (QoL) of @entity15 @entity1 during the initial 6 months of treatment with interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ). Furthermore, to determine whether changes in QoL relate to disability, emotional state, therapeutic expectations or side effect profile. BACKGROUND: @entity2391 has been shown to have beneficial effects on the course of @entity15 . Since the aim of @entity2391 treatment is not to cure but to slow down the disease it is important to know how this treatment affects QoL. Surprisingly, the impact of treatment with @entity2391 on QoL measures has not been extensively studied so far. METHODS: Case report documentation, including EDSS, SF-36 and MADRAS scores, of 51 relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 treated with @entity2391 was obtained at baseline and at months 1, 3 and 6. @entity1 also filled in a form about their expectations of therapy and a questionnaire on side effects. RESULTS: During treatment there was a significant linear trend indicating improvement in the role-physical functioning (RPF) scale of the SF-36 (F(1,50)=4.9, P=0.032). A transient decrease at month 1 was found in the scale for @entity158 , indicating more experienced @entity158 (F(1,50)=19.8, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that @entity1 with most depressive symptoms on the MADRAS at baseline contributed most to the increase in RPF scores over time (F(1,24)=5,6 P=0.026). Furthermore, we found associations between adverse event scores and several domains of QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity2391 therapy has an impact on QoL of @entity15 @entity1 in that it improves role-physical functioning and transiently worsens experienced @entity158 . QoL during treatment with @entity2391 is influenced by depressive symptoms at baseline as well as by treatment-associated side-effects. @entity15 (2000) 6 338 - 342

title: Quality of life during the first 6 months of interferon-beta treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Present study tried to evaluate the influence of different diets (low- and high-salt, @entity3157 ) administered during prenatal period on body and organ weights of newborn Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) @entity35 . Blood pressure of DR dams was not influenced by dietary loading but it was significantly increased by high-salt diet in DS @entity35 . Blood pressure of all DS dams was higher when compared to the respective DR @entity35 . There were significant negative correlations between mean arterial pressure of DS (but not DR) dams and body weight of newborns in all dietary groups. Litter sizes were comparable in all groups studied. High-salt diet increased body weight and relative heart weight of newborns of both genotypes. On the other hand, the influence of @entity3157 diet on body weight was more pronounced in DS pups whereas the effect on relative heart weight was seen only in DR newborns. The relative heart and kidney weights were significantly higher and relative liver weight significantly lower in newborns of DR dams when compared to those of DS dams irrespective of mother's diet. There was a tendency in all organs of DS newborns to contain less water in comparison with respective DR pups. It should be noted that in newborns of both genotypes @entity3157 diet lowered relative DNA content more than relative protein content. In conclusion, high-salt and @entity3157 diets exert dissimilar effects on prenatal body and organ development in Dahl @entity35 .

title: The influence of prenatal exposure to different salt diets on body and organ weights in newborn Dahl XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although FOLFIRINOX significantly increases survival in metastatic @entity788 (MPC) compared to @entity136 (Conroy et al. N Engl J Med 364:1817-1825, 2011), @entity137 have tempered enthusiasm for its use in full doses. To assess the impact of dose attenuations on @entity137 and efficacy, we reviewed our institution's experience with FOLFIRINOX in locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC) and MPC. We performed a retrospective review of dose, @entity137 , and efficacy of FOLFIRINOX in all @entity1 with LAPC and MPC treated between June 2010 and July 2011 at Yale. @entity137 in all @entity1 and response rate (RR) and survival in previously untreated MPC were compared to data reported by Conroy. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Thirty-five @entity1 were treated (16 LAPC; 19 MPC). Twenty-nine @entity1 received dose attenuations with the first cycle. Median relative doses of @entity2600 and bolus @entity1487 were less than those reported by Conroy (64 vs. 81 % and 66 vs. 82 %, respectively). RR was 50 % in LAPC and 47 % in MPC, and the latter did not differ significantly from the RR reported by Conroy (p = 0.19). @entity1349 at 6 and 12 months in MPC was comparable to @entity1349 reported by Conroy. Grade 3/4 @entity137 were less than reported by Conroy, including fatigue (p = 0.009) and @entity1398 (p < 0.0001). Nine @entity1 experienced transient @entity4653 during @entity2600 administration. Our findings validate the efficacy and tolerability of FOLFIRINOX in LAPC and MPC and suggest that dose attenuations of @entity2600 and bolus @entity1487 improve tolerability without compromising efficacy.

title: FOLFIRINOX for locally advanced and metastatic @entity788 : single institution retrospective review of efficacy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Thin epidermal sheets, obtained by a high-speed air-driven dermatome, were used to repigment white areas in 19 @entity1 with @entity1694 and one @entity1 with @entity19016 . In the depigmented skin to be treated the epidermis was removed by a rotating diamond fraise under topical and/or local anaesthesia injections. The method was used on most parts of the body, including the eyelids and genitalia. The maximum total area treated on each occasion was 190 cm2. Excellent results could be obtained if the @entity1694 had been stable and had not increased anywhere during the last 2 years. Lack of immobilization could explain a poor result in some areas. The donor area on the buttocks healed quickly without depigmentation. In the transplanted area milia were observed in the first 6 months. No @entity2318 was seen. The technique has a niche in the treatment of depigmented skin, especially in larger areas.

title: Epidermal sheet grafts for repigmentation of @entity1694 and XXXX , with a review of surgical techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity19016 :: ('MESH:D016116', 'Disease') :: ['piebaldism']

answer: @entity19016 :: (MESH:D016116,Disease) :: ['piebaldism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The optimal combination of concomitant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy in stage III unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains unclear. The role of induction chemotherapy with @entity3003 / @entity136 regimen has not been established in @entity5 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity5 @entity1 , 41 assessable, with a median age of 60 years and good performance status, entered this trial between January 2003 and November 2004. They received @entity3003 area under the curve 5 on day 1 and @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 every 3 weeks for two cycles, followed on day 50 by RT 60 Gy, concomitantly with @entity1311 50 mg/m2 and @entity136 100 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 every 3 weeks for two cycles. RESULTS: After induction, the partial response (PR) was 73.1% and stable disease was 24.4%. Disease progressed in one @entity1 . After RT and @entity1311 / @entity136 , 22% achieved a complete response and 73% a PR, and 5% had disease progression. The median survival was 25 months, the 1-year survival rate was 73.2%, and the 2-year survival rate was 50.5%. During concomitant RT and chemotherapy, grade 3 @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity417 occurred in eight, three, and three @entity1 , respectively, and grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 in one @entity1 each. One @entity1 developed an esophageal fistula and died shortly after, which was considered a grade 5 @entity137 ; one @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity401 , and three @entity1 developed grade 3 @entity2910 . CONCLUSION: This regimen appears to be effective and was well tolerated. Further studies using this approach are warranted in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Phase II multicenter trial with @entity3003 and @entity136 induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy concomitantly with low-dose @entity1311 and @entity136 for stage IIIA and IIIB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5279 has recently been used in @entity17829 due to its anti- @entity2527 effect. The aim of this study is to determine the usefulness of bone remodelling markers for determining the efficacy of @entity5279 treatment. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity17829 were treated with @entity5279 . The treatment evaluation was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and also erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity1851 , serum crosslaps (sCTX) and osteocalcin initially and after 3 months. A relevant clinical response was defined as an improvement in VAS of at least 40%. RESULTS: At 3 months, 7 of 13 @entity1 had a good clinical response, as previously defined. Five of the seven @entity1 maintained the good response over 6 months. Before the first perfusion 6 of the 13 @entity1 had increased sCTX (upper 3250 pmol/l). In this small cohort we tried to analyse whether the increase in bone remodelling markers was associated with a good clinical response. In the responders group the mean levels of sCTX and osteocalcin at baseline were 6783.17 and 24.66, respectively, and in the non-responders group the levels were 2152 and 11.8, respectively. There was a significant difference in sCTX between the responders and the non-responders (P = 0.0044). CONCLUSION: Infusion of @entity5279 is effective in SAPHO in some @entity1 . Increased sCTX might be a prognostic marker for a good clinical response but results have to be confirmed in a larger cohort.

title: The usefulness of bone remodelling markers in predicting the efficacy of XXXX treatment in @entity17829 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity17829 :: ('MESH:D020083', 'Disease') :: ['SAPHO syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['pamidronate']


abstract: This study was carried out with @entity1602 pregnant @entity1 to investigate the transfer of antibody classes to newborns across the placenta or by colostrum and the functional activity of phagocytes in maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum from @entity6 mothers. Samples from maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum were collected from 20 normoglycemic and 20 @entity1602 pregnant @entity1 . We determined antibodies levels, @entity224 release, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of phagocytes. We demonstrated that IgG levels in cord blood were higher in the @entity1602 group. IgA and IgM levels were higher in maternal than in cord blood samples. Plasma antibody levels were lower in hyper- than in normoglycemic @entity1 . The colostrum of @entity6 mothers had lower IgA and IgG levels. Colostrum and maternal blood phagocytes when exposed to EPEC increased the @entity224 release. Cord blood phagocytes of @entity1602 group, independently of bacteria, had higher @entity224 release. Colostrum and blood phagocytes from @entity6 group exhibited some phagocytic and microbicidal activity in response to EPEC. Mononuclear phagocytes from cord blood had the lowest phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity for EPEC, regardless of glycemic status. These data showed that @entity4854 altered IgG transfer across the placenta and decreases immunoglobulin levels in maternal blood and colostrum.

title: Transfer of maternal immunity to newborns of XXXX mothers.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 remains one of the leading causes of @entity204 globally. It also leads to short and long term morbidity as well as enormous economic loss, especially for a developing economy such as Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern and outcome of @entity85 . METHOD: This is a 5-year retrospective study of @entity85 seen in Havana Specialist Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. A private hospital servicing mainly families of the upper and middle economic class. RESULTS: One thousand, one hundred and twenty-one cases were studied. Males accounted for 730 (65.1%). Ages 3 weeks to 78 years were affected with a mean of 34 years and peak incidence in the 21-30 years group. Road traffic accident caused 959(85.5%) of the injuries, followed by falls 76 (6.8%) and gunshots 52 (4.6%). Four hundred and eighty-three (50.4%) of the @entity6093 were motorcycle related. Lower limbs alone were affected in 228 @entity1 (20.3%), upper limbs in 74 (6.6%), head and neck in 41 (3.7%). Two hundred and fifty-eight @entity1 (23.0%) had two hundred and sixty-six @entity174 . Five hundred and eight @entity1 (45.3%) had @entity1230 . Twenty-five @entity1 (2.2%) died. CONCLUSION: @entity85 are mostly caused by road traffic accidents and affects mainly young adult males. Motorcycle related incidents constitute majority of road traffic accidents.

title: XXXX : a private specialist hospital perspective.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries', 'musculoskeletal injuries']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis has been proposed as a non-invasive method of assessing airway pathology. A number of substances, including @entity273 ( @entity274 ), have been measured in EBC, without adequate published details of validation and optimisation. OBJECTIVES: To explore factors that affect accurate quantitation of @entity274 in EBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity274 was measured in EBC samples using fluorometry with @entity33902 . A number of factors that might alter quantitation were studied including pH and buffering conditions, reagent storage, and assay temperature. RESULTS: Standard curve slope was significantly altered by pH, leading to a potential difference in @entity274 quantification of up to 42%. These differences were resolved by increasing the buffering capacity of the reaction mix. @entity274 added to EBC remained stable for 1 h when stored on ice. The assay was unaffected by freezing assay reagents. The limit of detection for @entity274 ranged from 3.4 nM to 8.8 nM depending on the buffer used. CONCLUSIONS: The reagents required for this assay can be stored for several months allowing valuable consistency in longitudinal studies. The quantitation of @entity274 in EBC is pH-dependent but increasing assay buffering reduces this effect. Sensitive reproducible quantitation of @entity274 in EBC requires rigorous optimisation.

title: Optimising XXXX measurement in exhaled breath condensate.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity33902 :: ('MESH:C008070', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: A review of two series of @entity1 with @entity116 from the Royal Adelaide Hospital provides a historical perspective on the evolution of intensive care in Australia. Nine consecutive severe cases presenting in 1957 constituted one of the first series published. Four @entity1 died. The second series of 38 severe cases, among a total of 56 cases presenting between 1967 and 1985, included two deaths, comparing favourably with survival in other contemporary series. The specialty of intensive care evolved considerably during this time. @entity4094 introduced in the first series produced radical changes in management. Supportive measures that were not then widely practised, involving intermittent positive pressure ventilation, were used in the second series for up to 46 days and evolved into standard ICU practice. The option of using a tank respirator was rejected. Older @entity1 were susceptible to complications commonly related to respiratory, @entity65 , but most returned to their previous lifestyle. Severe @entity116 often resulted from mild injuries in @entity1 who were incompletely immunised. Four @entity1 developed @entity116 following surgical procedures. The use of @entity3810 in the first series was abandoned owing to adverse effects on bone marrow function. Complications reported in early literature, such as @entity174 and @entity5323 , presumably related to unrelieved @entity2473 , are no longer seen. Clinicians are now likely to see the condition only if working with counter-disaster teams overseas.

title: XXXX and the evolution of intensive care in Australia.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and diabetic comorbidities']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['Tetanus']


abstract: Twenty four strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci from clinically significant blood cultures were separated in four groups on the basis of @entity6101 susceptibility and phenotype of resistance to @entity4028 antibiotics. Susceptibility testing included disk diffusion testing, M.I.C. and M.B.C. determinations and finally, measurements, at sequential times (from 0 to 6 hours), of the bactericidal effect of @entity581 alone or combined with @entity6101 or @entity2176 . @entity581 clinical use ( @entity801 , @entity5153 , @entity2890 and @entity4509 ) exhibited an efficient early bactericidy over the sensitive strains to any tested @entity581 and to @entity6101 (group 1, 13 strains). When strains having a phenotype of resistance to @entity7913 and @entity5154 (group 2, 4 strains) or @entity7913 and @entity2890 (group 3, 2 strains) were considered, @entity4509 inefficiency was assessed by time-killing assay even though disk diffusion testing as well as M.I.C. and M.B.C. determinations failed to demonstrate it. In the same way, only bactericidy measurements indicated the lack of activity of @entity4509 or @entity5153 over strains exhibiting a phenotype of resistance to @entity801 plus @entity7913 and @entity2890 (group 4, 5 strains). @entity5153 appeared as the most active @entity4028 over the strains studied. Crude results of disk diffusion testing might appear as an oversimplification, especially when coagulase-negative staphylococci are considered; the early-bactericidy assay findings were stressing for the need of interpreting the results of antibiotic testing on the ground of resistance mechanisms.

title: Susceptibilities of coagulase-negative staphylococci to XXXX antibiotics as compared by early bactericidy assays.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin', 'Netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycosides', 'aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity581 :: (MESH:D000617,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycosides']


abstract: The predictive value of Gleason grading from prostate needle biopsy was examined and the patterns of grade discordance with surgical specimens are discussed in terms of their clinical implications. Gleason scores from biopsy and matched radical prostatectomy specimens were compared in 428 consecutive @entity1 . Patterns of concordance were examined with respect to numerical agreement as well as to whether differences result in a change in group assignment with respect to Gleason score group 2-4, 5-6, 7, and 8-10. The coefficient of agreement, kappa, and accuracy were used to measure predictive value. An exact Gleason score match was present in 41% of the cases, while 48% were undergraded and 17% overgraded. With respect to group assignment, 51% remained unchanged while 35% were undergraded and 14% overgraded. Kappa analysis yielded a value of 0.26, which represents a poor agreement beyond chance. A Gleason score of 5-6, 7, or 8 was reproduced in 52%, 53%, and 58% of cases, respectively. A systematic bias toward progressive undergrading of more well-differentiated @entity5 and overgrading of more poorly differentiated @entity5 on biopsy is suggested by the data. A pooled analysis with nine additional series (n = 2,687) confirms this conclusion. No correlation was found between the amount of @entity5 in the biopsy specimen and grade discordance. Biases in pathologic interpretation and sampling effects are suggested as responsible for grade discordance. Predictable differences exist between the histologic grade in prostate needle biopsies and the surgical specimen. Clinical staging of organ-confined @entity263 should include the likelihood of histologic upgrading or downgrading when used to stratify @entity1 for clinical trials, in comparing results among therapies based on biopsy grading and when recommending a radical therapy. Developing a methodology which reduces both sampling effects and pathologic interpretation bias would likely result in significantly improved accuracy of Gleason grading of prostate biopsies. Int. J. @entity5 (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 305-311 (2000).

title: Patterns of XXXX biopsy grading: trends and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Pain assessment in @entity1 volunteers is difficult, and it often requires a large number of subjects to show analgesic efficacy with statistical significance. Electrical tooth pulp stimulation elicits a @entity158 sensation and produces an electroencephalographic (EEG) signal that can be recorded from the scalp when precisely controlled dental stimuli are delivered. These somatosensory evoked potentials (EP) consist of a series of peaks or waves each characterized by their polarity, latency, and amplitude. They are obtained by processing the EEG signals that occur after tooth pulp stimulation. There is good correlation between @entity158 reports and evoked potential amplitudes (N150-P250 component). Thus, EP may provide a useful model for the assessment of analgesic activity in @entity1 volunteers. We describe an improved method for producing and recording tooth pulp evoked potentials in six healthy subjects. Only 16 EEG epochs were necessary to get a reproducible EP response from the @entity1 . The approach was applied to study the efficacy of @entity10425 (60 mg administered orally); a decrease in the evoked potential amplitudes after @entity10425 administration was observed. The data were consistent with results from visual analog @entity158 ratings given by the subjects.

title: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of XXXX using tooth pulp evoked potentials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'subjective pain']

answer: @entity10425 :: (MESH:D003061,Chemical) :: ['codeine']


abstract: Although most clinical trials encompass aspects of safety, methods for assessing the safety of a drug by recording adverse events have been poorly studied. It has been suggested that adverse events rather than adverse drug reactions should be monitored, since a reliable determination of which events were caused by the drug and which were not is only possible after analysing data from a substantial number of clinical trials. In the present study adverse events were monitored to see the extent to which events recorded on the case record forms were reported as adverse events. Data from @entity4546 and @entity10202 programmes were used, comprising altogether 143 clinical trials from eight different projects, and encompassing 12,069 @entity1 in whom 11,812 events were recorded. The first project was started in 1982 and the last in 1988. Overall, 74% of recorded events were entered on a special adverse event form used in the trials, and 26% were not. Initially, about 35% of adverse events were not reported as such, as opposed to 13% towards the end of the study period. Serious adverse events were reported less frequently than non-serious events, but in the most recent project all serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events in @entity1 were reported more often than adverse events in @entity1 , and reporting was more complete for the middle-aged than for the oldest and the youngest @entity1 . Certain types of adverse events were reported more completely than others. In conclusion, the transition from registering adverse reactions to registering adverse events has been a gradual one in spite of intensive educational efforts when the projects were started.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Adverse event monitoring in clinical trials of @entity10202 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: Using the ex vivo @entity2670 at the end of pregnancy when luteal regression starts, we investigated whether, when administered systemically or when added directly to the ganglion compartment, @entity2671 (A2) can reverse such regression, and whether the neural ( @entity1063 (NA)) and endocrine (A2) joint action modifies the release of ovarian @entity1420 . The experimental groups were as follows: group 1--A2 injected systemically 48 h before incubation of the system (A2)s; group 2--A2 directly added to the ganglion compartment ( @entity5057 injected 48 h before incubation of the system with NA in the ganglion compartment (A2 + NA); group 4--A2 plus NA added to the ganglion compartment (NA + A2)g. The controls were ex vivo systems without treatment (control), and with the addition of NA alone in the ganglion compartment (NA). The results were as follows. For (A2s) versus control, @entity1420 increased on days 19 and 21 of pregnancy at all the studied times and only at 180 min on day 20. For (A2 + NA) versus (A2)s, @entity1420 increased on days 19 and 21. For (A2 + NA) versus NA, @entity1420 increased at all the studied times on days 19 and 21 and at 180 min on day 20. For (A2)g versus control, @entity1420 significantly increased every pregnancy day. For (NA + A2)g versus (A2)g, @entity1420 decreased at 120 and 180 min on day 19. For (NA + A2)g versus NA, @entity1420 increased on days 20 and 21. We can conclude that A2 can reverse the functional regression of the corpus luteum either systemically or, what is more surprising, when directly added to the @entity4494 , whose action on the ovary is exerted @entity2670 .

title: Involvement of the @entity4494 in the luteotrophic effect of XXXX in late pregnant rats.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['via superior ovarian nerve', 'coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2671 :: (MESH:D000735,Chemical) :: ['androstenedione']


abstract: The levels of bulky DNA adducts were measured by @entity7263 -post-labelling in lymphocytes of 194 non-smoking students living in the city of Athens and the region of Halkida, Greece, once in the winter and again in the following summer. Personal exposures to particulate-bound @entity2555 (PAH) were significantly higher in Athens subjects during both seasons. There was hardly any diagonal radioactive zone in the pattern of DNA adducts observed. Highest adduct levels were observed in a sub-group of subjects living in or near the Halkida Institute campus, which was located in rural surroundings with a minimal burden of urban air pollution. The remaining Halkida subjects had intermediate levels, while Athens subjects showed the lowest levels. This trend, which was observed over both monitoring seasons, consistently paralleled the variation in three markers of exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS), namely (i) declared times of exposure to ETS during the 24 h prior to blood donation, (ii) plasma @entity4874 levels and (iii) @entity12684 / @entity27541 ratios in the profile of personal @entity2556 exposure. Furthermore, among the Halkida campus area subjects (but not the remaining subjects) positive correlations were observed between DNA adducts and (i) measured personal exposures to @entity12684 or @entity3014 , (ii) time of declared ETS exposure and (iii) @entity12684 / @entity27541 ratios. These correlations suggest that, for a group suffering minimal exposure to urban air pollution, exposure to ETS was a significant determinant of the observed DNA damage. Gender had a consistent and significant effect on adduct levels (males having higher levels), which remained significant even after multiple regression analysis. Habitual consumption of roasted meat was significantly associated with an enhancement of adduct levels and the effect was strengthened when only individuals unexposed to ETS were taken into consideration. No significant effects were observed for other dietary parameters or factors reflecting exposure to air pollution.

title: Biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution (the AULIS project): bulky DNA adducts in subjects with moderate to low exposures to airborne XXXX and their relationship to environmental @entity286 smoke and other parameters.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity27541 :: ('MESH:C006718', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[g,h,i] perylene', 'benzo[g,h,i]perylene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2390 has been successfully used for the treatment of @entity2012 , but little long-term data are available. AIMS: To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity2390 in the treatment of @entity2012 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity2012 were treated with @entity2390 in a non randomised study. Six @entity1 had not had previous surgery or radiotherapy, and were treated with @entity2390 alone. Symptoms of @entity2012 , @entity442 levels, @entity2124 suppression by @entity413 , @entity5 size, and side effects were monitored. The median duration of treatment was 44 months (range six-102). RESULTS: Symptom control was excellent. Twenty (74%) @entity1 had a reduction of @entity442 into the normal range. @entity442 levels fell after one year from 94.2 +/- 6.1 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM) to 50.0 +/- 2.7 nmol/L (p < 0.0001). Ten of 13 (77%) @entity1 had normal @entity442 levels after four years. These reductions have persisted for up to nine years of @entity2390 therapy. The GH response to @entity413 was normalised in 14 of 16 (88%) subjects. Eleven of 25 (44%) @entity1 had a reduction in pituitary gland height. Side effects were common, but usually of a minor nature. @entity2963 occurred in 39% of @entity1 . Two @entity1 ceased @entity2390 because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity2390 is an effective and safe long-term treatment for @entity2012 . It is a useful adjunct to surgery, and may be offered as sole therapy for @entity1 with smaller @entity652 .

title: An audit of long-term @entity2390 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of the @entity669 kinase receptor @entity7167 ( @entity7167 ) and its ligand, the @entity540 ( @entity540 ) in determining the response to chemoradiotherapy of @entity0 . S14 was a phase II neoadjuvant study carried out at the Institut Curie that recruited 59 @entity1 between November 2001 and September 2003. This prospective study aimed to assess the pathological response after preoperative radiochemotherapy (5FU- @entity1206 -radiotherapy) for large @entity0 . The expression of @entity7167 and @entity540 in @entity5 cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. @entity5 in which no staining was seen, were considered as negative for that protein. We used the Khi-2 test or the Fisher test to compare the qualitative variables and the Student t test or the non-parametric Wilcoxon test for the quantitative variables. We included in the present study all the 32 @entity1 from the S14 cohort for whom the tissue blocks from the biopsy specimens were available with sufficient tumoral tissue. @entity7167 and @entity540 staining were observed respectively in 17 (56%) and 22 (68%) of the 32 tumoral biopsies. The expression of @entity7167 was associated with the hormone receptor positive status (p=0.0191). Only 11% (1/9) of the high grade @entity5 failed to respond to chemoradiotherapy compared to 68 % resistant @entity5 (15/22) among the low/intermediate grade @entity5 (p=0.0199). Among the low/intermediate grade @entity5 , @entity7167 negative @entity5 did not respond to chemoradiotherapy (0/9), compared with @entity5 expressing @entity7167 among which, almost one half had a good response (6/13) (p=0.0167). Among the low and intermediate grade @entity0 , the @entity7167 negative @entity5 were resistant to chemoradiotherapy. The expression of @entity7167 in @entity1 ' biopsies may serve as a marker of response to chemoradiotherapy.

title: The XXXX ( @entity7167 ), a marker of response to chemoradiotherapy in @entity0 ?

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7167 :: ('2260', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-1', 'FGFR1']

answer: @entity7167 :: (2260,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2065 is common in everyday practice in Emergency Departments, bilateral presentation is a rare entity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to report two additional cases of this rare injury and to introduce a new mechanism that can produce it. We made an exhaustive review of the literature and found 68 cases in printed publications. Also, we analyzed the mechanism of injury and the presence of predisposing factors, and propose a new etiological-mechanical classification. CASE REPORT: One case occurred after a trivial fall, and the other was produced by a mechanism not previously reported: the @entity1 pushed strongly forward, expecting a resistance and finding none, his arms kept the forward movement and the shoulders dislocated. DISCUSSION: This lesion has a bimodal distribution, affecting mainly @entity1 (70%) with a mean age of 33.5 years, whereas in @entity1 , the average age is 57  years. The most common cause is @entity130 (50%), followed by @entity2472 (37%) due to @entity410 of different causes ( @entity302 , @entity4053 , @entity137 , or @entity519 ) or electrocution. In 15.7% of the cases, the diagnosis of bilateral anterior dislocation was not acute (<3 weeks), and in virtually all of these cases it was not traumatic. CONCLUSION: The bilateral @entity2065 may not be as rare as previously thought and must be taken into account in emergency services. The authors propose a new etiological-mechanical classification. Also, the importance of radiologic diagnosis must be highlighted.

title: XXXX : review of seventy cases and proposal of a new etiological-mechanical classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contractions']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder']


abstract: @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ) is a rare @entity2383 that affects adults. @entity20066 can @entity66 , @entity198 or @entity137 . The authors reported two @entity1 who presented with auditory symptoms before the onset of @entity75 and @entity64 -like episodes. The first @entity1 was a 28 year-old @entity1 , who presented with acute @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) followed by @entity10 , left @entity1269 and generalized @entity410 . CT scan of the brain showed @entity6152 lesion at the tip of right temporooccipital region. Audiogram and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) showed abnormal conduction of left brainstem auditory pathway. MRI of the brain showed a lesion involving gray and white matters of the right occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. The distribution of the lesions was not compatible with distribution of arterial supply. MRA was normal. The second @entity1 was a 56 year-old @entity1 with a one-year history of @entity393 . The audiogram revealed bilateral @entity1274 . A few days before admission, her hearing was acutely deteriorated She could not understand a conversation while she could communicate by writing. CT scan of the brain showed @entity6152 in both temporal lobes and MRI revealed lesions in the same area. Pure tone audiogram showed moderate @entity1274 but BAEP was normal. One week later, she developed global @entity2026 and generalized @entity410 . Both @entity1 had elevated cerebrospinal fluid and serum @entity880 : @entity2388 ratio. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism disclosed @entity23355 mtDNA mutation in the blood in the first @entity1 and in muscle biopsy in the second @entity1 . @entity12931 supplement was prescribed The auditory symptoms in combination with @entity64 -like episode in supratentorium are important clues to diagnose @entity20066 .

title: Auditory symptoms: a critical clue for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['MELAS', 'MELAS syndrome', 'Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic-metabolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mimic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['Ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['SNHL', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disorder']

answer: @entity20066 :: (MESH:D017241,Disease) :: ['MELAS']


abstract: Primary @entity2698 of the lung is exceedingly rare. The following characteristics were found in a survey of the 34 cases published so far in the world literature and in one case of our own, a 29 year old @entity1 with this @entity361 . It does not show specific clinical signs. In radiographs an isolated round unidentifiable focus is seen. The differential diagnosis has to rely on the histology. About one half of these @entity5 are discovered by accident. It appears that it occurs at a somewhat younger age in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Both sexes are equally represented. The treatments of choice are either lobectomy or pneumonectomy. @entity1 with @entity5 without clinical signs appear to have a better prognosis. When recurrence or @entity3 develop they will be noticed within a few months. Intensive follow-up of @entity1 operated on is essential, since histology cannot provide safe criteria on which one could decide whether the @entity5 was benign or malignant.

title: [Primary XXXX of the lung (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'small tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we sought to determine whether laboratory and physiological parameters can be useful in predicting mortality in @entity1 with @entity295 -induced @entity551 and @entity326 . METHODOLOGY: This prospective cohort study was carried out in the emergency department at an academic medical center. A total of 51 @entity1 met enrollment criteria during the study period and 41 of them were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were @entity1 18 years old or older, diagnosed to have either @entity295 -induced @entity551 or @entity326 and investigated @entity295 marker (blood @entity880 and leukocytes) measured. Other physiological variables were also measured in this study. The main outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank and Cox's methods were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 12.0.1. RESULTS: 61% were diagnosed to have @entity295 -induced @entity551 and 39% were diagnosed with @entity326 . Twenty two (54%) @entity204 occurred within the 30 day follow up. The overall mean blood @entity880 level and leukocyte counts were 3.52 mmol/L (5D = 2.29) and 11.37 x 109 (SD = 6.38) respectively. A Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis revealed an increase in blood @entity880 levels in the @entity2613 was associated with an increased risk of death (B = 0.35, HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.22, 1.73, p < 0.001). However no significant correlation between the physiological parameters and the 30-day mortality. @entity1 with @entity326 state prior to initial presentation has a lower 30 day survival compared to any other septic conditions. CONCLUSION: Our results support blood @entity880 level as a promising risk stratification tool when compared with leukocytes counts and other physiological parameters. The multivariate analysis showed that for every increment of @entity880 value of 1 mmol/L, the hazards of dying are expected to increase by 1.5 times (p < 0.001).

title: The use of laboratory and physiological parameters in predicting mortality in @entity295 induced @entity551 and @entity326 XXXX attending the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Successful opacification of the gallbladder during oral cholecystography depends on adequate absorption of the contrast agent from the intestine. The present studies were undertaken to define the specific characteristics of the intestinal mucosa and the properties of the various contrast agents which determine their rates of intestinal absorption. The polarity of the compounds was established by determining the ratios of their distribution between bulk solvents ( @entity7935 and water). In addition, the maximum aqueous solubility of each compound was determined. Using in vivo cannulated segments of @entity235 jejunum, apparent passive permeability coefficients were measured. From these data, the apparent maximal rate of intestinal absorption was calculated. The six cholecystopaques studied differed markedly in polarity as judged by their varying ratios of distribution between @entity7935 and water. The permeability coefficients varied inversely with the polarity of the compounds. However, the incremental changes in the coefficients were considerably less than the corresponding changes observed in the partition ratios. The rates of absorption of the more polar contrast agents ( @entity3934 , @entity55233 , and @entity55234 ) were greater than the less polar compounds ( @entity34089 , @entity54327 , and @entity460 ipodate) under the conditions in which the resistance of the unstirred water layer is not rate limiting and where @entity6741 micelles are not present.

title: Determinants of the rate of intestinal absorption of oral cholecystographic contrast agents in the XXXX jejunum.

entities_list: @entity55233 :: ('MESH:C006754', 'Chemical') :: ['iopronic acid']

entities_list: @entity54327 :: ('MESH:D007487', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ipodate']

entities_list: @entity55234 :: ('MESH:C073259', 'Chemical') :: ['iocetamic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3934 :: ('MESH:D014441', 'Chemical') :: ['tyropanoate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity34089 :: ('MESH:D007480', 'Chemical') :: ['iopanoic acid']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Regular follow-up is required in @entity1 with previous intervention for @entity1498 to detect recoarctation or @entity439 formation. In this study we describe the findings encountered on routine follow-up exams and we compare the use of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography (CE MRA) with @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) to study the thoracic aorta after previous intervention. In 51 consecutive @entity1 previously treated for @entity1498 , 74 MR studies of the thoracic aorta were performed during a 2-year period using CE MRA and @entity9468 MRI. The thoracic aorta was evaluated for abnormalities of course, caliber, shape, and pathology of side branches. The CE MRA and @entity9468 MRI studies were evaluated side by side by consensus of two reviewers evaluating which MR technique depicted the abnormalities of the thoracic aorta the best. Of 74 exams, six clinically important abnormalities were found: four @entity439 and two restenoses. Two small @entity2849 were missed on the @entity9468 studies. Contrast-enhanced MRA was judged to visualize @entity2333 better than @entity9468 (47 of 74 MR studies) especially for the transverse aortic arch, @entity1498 site, left subclavian artery, and aortic arch configuration. For the ascending aorta and distal descending aorta, CE MRA and @entity9468 performed equally well. Aortic diameters measured at four levels in the first 18 MRI studies showed no significant differences in diameter when measured by @entity9468 or CE MRA (p = not significant). Clinically important abnormalities, such as @entity439 formation and restenosis, can be present years after treatment for @entity1498 . In the regular follow-up of these @entity1 , CE MRA may provide additional diagnostic information compared with @entity9468 and should be included as part of the routine exam.

title: Follow-up of XXXX with previous treatment for @entity1498 of the thoracic aorta: comparison between contrast-enhanced MR angiography and fast spin-echo MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['fast spin-echo MRI', 'FSE']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sequential administration of the association of @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) and @entity1311 could be better tolerated than the association of an @entity4349 and @entity1311 while having a similar antitumour effect. 69 @entity1 with @entity0 previously untreated with @entity8253 or @entity1311 entered a phase II multicentre study in which FEC was followed by @entity1311 . Both regimens were administered 4 times every 21 days. The median follow-up is 20 months and 38/69 @entity1 have died. Grade III-IV @entity137 was acceptable. @entity1431 occurred in 26% of @entity1 , @entity882 in 2% and @entity417 in 4%. One @entity1 had reversible @entity712 during FEC therapy. @entity1897 and @entity4841 - @entity925 occurred in 9% and 4% of @entity1 , respectively and one @entity1 had @entity53446 during @entity1311 treatment. 9 @entity1 did not complete therapy because of: treatment refusal (n = 1), @entity1370 (n = 1), early death during FEC chemotherapy (n = 1), major protocol violations (n = 4), @entity56 (n = 1) and early death during @entity1311 chemotherapy (n = 1). The overall response rate was 65% (95% CI = 53-76), and 7% of @entity1 had stable disease. Therapy was defined as having failed in 28% of @entity1 because they were not evaluable (13%) or had progressive disease (15%). The median time to progression and survival are 13.2 and 23.5 months, respectively. Sequential FEC- @entity1311 is a suitable strategy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who have not been previously treated with @entity8253 and/or @entity6023 . In fact, it avoids major haematologic @entity137 and has a good antitumour effect.

title: A phase II study of sequential @entity1487 , XXXX and @entity786 (FEC) and @entity1311 in @entity0 (Protocol PV BC 97/01).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity53446 :: ('MESH:D012130', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: LCIS was first described in 1941 as a distinct pathologic entity by Foote and Stewart who called it a "rare form of @entity189 ." It is thought to represent a transitional intra-epithelial, or in situ, stage in the evolution of @entity0 from hyperplastic breast epithelium. With the wide application of mammography, its detection has increased in recent years, being found in approximately 1% of all breast biopsy specimens and 5% of all @entity0 . Its true incidence is unknown, because the absence of any clinical or radiographic manifestations makes its detection completely arbitrary and random. LCIS has distinct pathologic features characterized by proliferation of bland, homogeneous malignant cells within the terminal duct-lobular apparatus. The lobular architecture and investing basement membrane remain intact with no evidence of invasion into the surrounding stoma. It is assumed to be widely disseminated throughout all breast tissue whenever it is found, having close to 100% incidence of multicentricity and bilaterality. The cells are typically of low histologic and nuclear grade, highly @entity172 receptor positive, and have @entity5 marker characteristics of indolent growth and good prognosis. This is very different from its noninvasive ductal counterpart, DCIS, which is typified by more aggressive cytologic and biologic characteristics. Although LCIS imparts as much as a 12-fold increased risk of subsequent invasive @entity0 , its natural history suggests it is more of a marker of risk rather than a true @entity75 . Most subsequent @entity5 occur more than 15 years after diagnosis, and are ductal rather than lobular. This risk is also equally applied to both breasts, regardless of which breast contains the diagnosed focus. Subsequent invasive @entity0 are typically early with very low mortality, most likely due to the strict mammographic surveillance provided to these @entity1 . Although originally treated by mastectomy, most now manage LCIS by careful non-operative observation, in the same way that other risk factors such as family history or @entity1373 are managed. In fact, it has been questioned whether there should be any real distinction between @entity1137 and LCIS. There is no role for excision of biopsy sites of LCIS to obtain clear margins, nor for cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, the NSABP P-1 Prevention Trial strongly suggests that subsequent risk can be significantly reduced by @entity440 . The only rational surgical treatment, if ablation is judged necessary, would be bilateral mastectomy, which appears far too aggressive in view of its low overall risks. Further investigation should clarify the optimal management of LCIS.

title: XXXX In Situ of the Breast.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers', 'breast malignancies', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['Lobular Carcinoma']


abstract: Survival of @entity1 with acute transmural @entity1188 is largely related to the size of the @entity583 . The goal of thrombolytic therapy in acute @entity583 is maximal salvage of myocardium by reestablishment of flow in the occluded @entity1188 and the establishment and maintenance of a patent @entity1188 . Results of randomized trials show a significant reduction in mortality in @entity1 who have undergone thrombolysis. A patent @entity1188 , even in the absence of a change in left ventricular function, is associated with reduced mortality. The Thrombolysis in @entity583 Trial and the European Cooperative Trial showed that recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator is superior to streptokinase in reestablishing flow in a totally occluded artery. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that thrombolysis and @entity715 occur simultaneously, and that lysis appears to increase both @entity556 and platelet activity. Effective reduction of @entity715 accelerates thrombolysis. Rethrombosis after thrombolysis is due to anchored residual thrombus, which alters the hemorrheology of blood flow and produces a highly thrombogenic substrate that is largely due to residual fibrin-bound @entity556 . Platelet deposition is directly related to severity of @entity850 and shear rate. @entity556 appears to be the most potent of the 5 potential stimulators of platelet activation during arterial @entity715 . Proper anticoagulation can play an important role in reducing @entity715 . Experimental evidence strongly supports the use of heparin during and after thrombolysis. A recently reported study shows continued @entity850 after 1 month of vigorous anticoagulation with intravenous heparin and subsequent oral anticoagulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: New approaches to treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of residual stenosis', 'residual stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity375 boulardii, a nonpathogenic @entity375 , has been widely used in Europe to prevent antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD). We performed a prospective double-blind controlled study to investigate AAD in hospitalized @entity1 and to evaluate the effect of S. boulardii, a living @entity375 , given in capsule form concurrently with antibiotics. Over 23 mo, 180 @entity1 completed the study. Of the @entity1 receiving placebo, 22% experienced @entity294 compared with 9.5% of @entity1 receiving S. boulardii (p = 0.038). Risk factors found to be associated with AAD were multiple antibiotic combinations (containing @entity3402 , @entity2886 , or @entity206 - @entity207 ) and tube feeding. @entity2718 , an anaerobe found in the stools of most @entity1 with @entity8307 , was variably associated with AAD. We evaluated the role of @entity2718 in AAD in the study population and found no significant association between the presence of @entity2718 or cytotoxin with AAD. Approximately 33% of the @entity1 without @entity294 harbored at least one @entity2718 -positive stool and nearly 50% of these @entity1 had detectable cytotoxin. Similar values were obtained in @entity1 with @entity294 . Of @entity2718 -positive @entity1 , 31% (5/16) on placebo developed @entity294 compared with 9.4% (3/32) on S. boulardii; this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). There were no discernable adverse effects of @entity375 administration. We conclude that S. boulardii reduces the incidence of antibiotic-associated @entity294 in hospitalized @entity1 .

title: Prevention of antibiotic-associated XXXX by @entity375 boulardii: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: @entity356 is a @entity5 with a high incidence and a low survival rate. In order to identify genetic alterations associated with this @entity5 , we screened 23 @entity356 for recurrent chromosomal imbalances by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most common gains of chromosomal material were found on chromosome arms 20q (10 cases), 16p (7 cases), and 1q (4 cases) and on chromosome 11 (4 cases). Losses were observed on chromosome arms 4q, 5q, 9p, and 21q (3 cases each). Four @entity5 exhibited high-level amplifications localized on chromosome regions 2p23-p24, 7q31-q32, 8p21-p22, 10q25-q26, 11q13, 17q11-q21, and 20q. Based on the position of these amplifications, candidate (onco)genes were selected and subsequently tested by Southern blot analysis of the respective @entity5 . Of the seven tested candidates, @entity4180 , MET, @entity17731 , and @entity1722 were found to participate in the amplicons of the respective @entity5 samples. Of these four presumably activated oncogenes, two, @entity4180 and @entity17731 , were previously not assumed to play a pathogenic role in @entity5 . Among the other regions of imbalance, gain of 20q seems particularly interesting, because it is found in almost half of the analyzed cases and is highly amplified. Our data allowed us to narrow the relevant region down to the commonly gained bands 20q12-q13.1. This and other imbalanced regions provide a basis for searching new putative oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes involved in the development or progression of @entity356 .

title: Mapping of chromosomal imbalances in @entity356 revealed amplified protooncogenes XXXX , MET, @entity17731 , and @entity1722 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4180 :: (4613,Gene) :: ['MYCN']


abstract: In a placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective, parallel, double-blind trial, corneal sensitivity was studied in 35 @entity1 with healthy eyes before and 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after application of @entity18632 2% (20 eyes) and @entity20542 0.6% (20 eyes). Oxybuprocain 0.4% (local anesthetic, 10 eyes) served as a positive control substance, @entity1219 0.9% (20 eyes) as a negative one (placebo). The test subjects assessed subjective tolerance of the test drugs on a four-step scale. @entity18632 2% did not decrease corneal sensitivity. There was no statistically significant difference between this group and the placebo group. @entity20542 0.6% led to a decrease in corneal sensitivity of up to 14 mg (median), lasting up to 15 minutes. The decrease brought about by @entity20542 0.6% is about one-half of that caused by @entity9004 0.5%, but greater than that caused by @entity6839 0.5%. Oxybuprocain 0.4% causes corneal sensitivity to decrease below the measuring range of Cochet and Bonnet's esthesiometer (200 mg) for about 10 minutes. All but three eyes had returned to their initial corneal sensitivity values after 30 minutes. @entity1219 0.9% eye drops do not decrease corneal sensitivity. On the contrary, a gradual increase in sensitivity (exercise effect) was found, which differed significantly from the initial value as of the 10th minute after drug application. These results confirm that it is necessary to check corneal sensitivity during topical beta-blocker therapy. "Responders," "sensitives," contact lens wearers, and @entity1 with decreased corneal sensitivity (e.g., @entity1 suffering from @entity1538 with disk excavations, after @entity231 extraction or corneal transplantation) need frequent supervision.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Local anesthetic effect and subjective tolerance of 2% XXXX and 0.6% @entity20542 on healthy eyes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity18632 :: ('MESH:D002354', 'Chemical') :: ['carteolol', 'Carteolol']

entities_list: @entity20542 :: ('MESH:D014290', 'Chemical') :: ['metipranolol', 'Metipranolol']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol']

answer: @entity18632 :: (MESH:D002354,Chemical) :: ['carteolol']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the long-term outcome of surgery, by a single pituitary surgeon and radiotherapy for @entity2012 at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, using modern criteria for the definition of cure. Seventy-two @entity1 (F/M ratio 1.3:1), aged 16-74 years, were eligible for inclusion. The mean follow-up period was 8.3 years. Macroadenomas were present in 79%, microadenomas in 15% and @entity5 size was not documented in 6%. Pretreatment GH levels were, > or = 40 m U/l in 56 @entity1 . Postoperatively, 21% of @entity1 were cured, 40% controlled and 40% had @entity4614 . After radiotherapy (mean follow-up 8.7 years) 43% were cured, 66% controlled and 78% had @entity4614 . At follow-up 37% of @entity1 traced had died. The most common cause of @entity204 was @entity455 . The poor surgical results may be attributed to late presentation in the developing world setting, as evidenced by @entity5 size and invasiveness, and the degree of GH elevation. Emphasis on early diagnosis of @entity5 is necessary to improve the cure rate and reduce mortality,

title: XXXX in the developing world--a 20-year teaching hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-invasive tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: @entity404 (+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) have the potent ability to suppress host immune responses, thus preventing @entity792 . However, increased T(reg) frequencies have also been found in @entity5 @entity1 implicating their involvement in @entity5 escape from immunological control. We investigated the frequency, functional effects and gene expression pattern of T(reg) in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Therefore, T(reg) were isolated from the peripheral blood of 11 treatment-na  ve @entity1358 @entity1 and 11 healthy donors applying a magnetic cell separation system. Frequency, purity after isolation and function were evaluated using FACS and suppression assays, respectively. Gene expression patterns were compared applying a self-developed customized oligonucleotide microarray and by quantitative RT-PCR. T(reg) frequencies were significantly increased in @entity1358 @entity1 ; suppression assays proved that the isolated @entity404 (+)CD25(high) cells had the functional characteristics of T(reg) cells. Comparing gene expression profiles between T(reg )of @entity1358 @entity1 and healthy controls revealed significant differences in the expression levels of 49 genes. Gene ontology identified an association of significantly up-/downregulated genes to six functional classes, particularly genes involved in apoptosis control such as @entity4151 , @entity14813 , @entity589 , @entity6978 and @entity4106 . In @entity1358 @entity1 , frequencies of functionally active T(reg) cells were elevated; the T(reg) gene expression pattern differed significantly between @entity1 and controls. As several anti-apoptotic genes were upregulated and pro-apoptotic genes were downregulated in @entity1358 @entity1 , we conclude that T(reg) cells derived from @entity1358 @entity1 might be less responsive to apoptotic stimuli, possibly promoting their accumulation in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Frequency and gene expression profile of regulatory T cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Prospective studies have shown a consistent relation between @entity167 consumption and decreasing incidence of @entity453 . The protective effect of @entity167 could be mediated through increased levels of HDL @entity165 (HDL-c). The aim of this study was to examine the relation between blood lipid levels and the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages among 1581 @entity1 and 1535 @entity1 . DESIGN: Data from representative cross sectional surveys (1994-1997) in three different regions of France were used. The consumption of the different types of @entity167 was quantified using a recall method according to a typical weekly consumption. MAIN RESULTS: The median daily @entity167 intake was 24 g for @entity1 and 4 g for @entity1 . After adjustment for confounders, total @entity167 showed a positive and significant association with HDL-c and @entity1674 (TG) in both sexes. In multivariate analysis, wine was positively associated with HDL-c. Beer was positively associated with HDL-c in @entity1 and with @entity1674 in @entity1 and @entity1 . When taking drinking patterns into account, wine drinkers had higher HDL-c levels than non-wine drinkers. Differences became non-significant after adjustment for confounders and particularly for socioeconomic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In a French population sample, total @entity167 was positively associated with HDL-c and @entity1674 . The specific influence of any particular @entity1503 was not clearly demonstrated but wine preference found in a group with higher lifestyle standards was associated with a more favourable blood lipid profile.

title: Types of XXXX in a French population.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic beverage on blood lipids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['alcoholic beverages and blood lipids']


abstract: Primary cell cultures of @entity1 @entity14 were established and characterized immunocytochemically. In the @entity5 cells intracellular @entity141 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i) were measured by the @entity593 method. Stimulation with either extracellular @entity855 or @entity856 caused a biphasic rise of [ @entity141 ]i in a dose-dependent manner and cross-desensitization between both @entity2036 was observed. The rank order of potency was @entity855 >== @entity856 > @entity12865 > @entity857 > @entity859 which is characteristic for a P2U-receptor subtype. Selective agonists of P1-, or P2X- purinoceptors had no effect on [ @entity141 ]i. The initial rise in [ @entity141 ]i was independent of extracellular @entity460 [ @entity141 ]e, whereas the second phase was not observed under [ @entity141 ]e-free conditions suggesting a capacitative @entity141 -entry-mechanism. Intracellular @entity141 mobilization was proven by use of the @entity141 -ATPase inhibitor @entity2426 . P2U-specific mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in both @entity14 tissues and in the @entity1 @entity14 cell line HT 29. In HT 29 cells, the hydrolysis-resistant @entity855 analog @entity855 -gamma-S inhibited cell proliferation and, also, induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, @entity1 @entity14 cells express functional P2U-receptors which may play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

title: Expression of functional P2-purinergic receptors in primary cultures of XXXX @entity14 cells.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the result and the postherapeutic complications rates of preoperative radiation therapy and radical surgery in association, for stage IB to IIB cervical @entity189 . For 1983 to 1990, 314 @entity1 were treated at the Institut Curie for stage IB to IIB cervical @entity189 . For small lesions, less than 4 cm, preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy was performed (60 to 65 Gy), followed, 6 weeks later, by a modified radical hysterectomy (Piver type 2) with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Larger @entity5 were treated with pelvic radiotherapy (36 Gy), then by brachytherapy (30 Gy), followed, 6 weeks later, by the same surgical procedure. 82% of the @entity5 were 4 cm or smaller. 64% of @entity5 were completely sterilised by the preoperative radiation. 5 and 10-year actuarial survival rates were respectively 81% and 70 %. 5-year actuarial survival rate was 87.5% for stage I and 63% for stage II @entity1 . 5-year local disease free survival rate was 88% for stage I and 73% for stage II @entity1 . All complications were prospectively recorded. The early post operative complication rate was 6.3%, with no urinary complications. The late complication rate was 3.3%, mainly grade 2 sequelae. No ureteral fistulas were observed. By combined preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, adapting the dosimetry and the radicality of the procedure, we obtained cure rates and recurrence rates identical to those obtained with exclusive surgery or radiotherapy alone. However, the complication rate of the association of both adapted treatments, has considerably reduced the early and late complication rate.

title: [Relevance of combined radiation and surgical treatment of early invasive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Following unilateral optic nerve section in adult PVG hooded @entity35 , the axon guidance cue @entity56852 is up-regulated in caudal but not rostral superior colliculus (SC) and the @entity31486 receptor is down-regulated in axotomised @entity2479 cells (RGCs). Changes occur bilaterally despite the retino-collicular projection being mostly crossed. Here we investigate the dynamics of Eph/ephrin expression using in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry after localized retinal lesions. Unilateral krypton laser lesions to dorso-nasal retina ablated contralaterally projecting RGCs (DN group); ventro-temporal lesions ablated contralaterally and ipsilaterally projecting RGCs (VT group). Lesions of the entire retina served as controls (Total group). Results are compared to normal animals in which tectal @entity56852 and retinal @entity31486 are expressed, respectively, as shallow ascending rostro-caudal and naso-temporal gradients. In both SCs of DN and Total groups, tectal @entity56852 was up-regulated caudally; in the VT group, expression remained normal bilaterally. Unilateral collicular ablation indicated that bilateral changes in @entity56852 expression are mediated via intercollicular pathways. @entity31486 expression in the VT group was elevated in the intact nasal region of experimental retinae. For each experimental group, @entity31486 expression was also elevated in nasal retina of the opposite eye, resulting in uniform expression across the naso-temporal axis. Up-regulation of @entity56852 in caudal, but not rostral, SC suggests the enhancement of developmental positional information as a result of injury. Bilateral increases in retinal @entity31486 expression demonstrate that signals for up-regulation operate interocularly. The study demonstrates that signals regulating guidance cue expression are both localized and relayed transneuronally.

title: Eph/ephrin expression in the adult XXXX visual system following localized retinal lesions: localized and transneuronal up-regulation in the retina and superior colliculus.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']