abstract: PURPOSE: Service providers working with @entity1 who have complex health problems like @entity1118 are considered at particular risk from the heavy emotional content of these interactions (frustration, guilt, hostility). For the good of service users and in the interests of healthcare workers' own health it is important for them to employ reflective practice acknowledging these issues. Service providers are inculcated to negate the affective domain of their practice despite the growing awareness that wellbeing can no longer be envisioned as a linear (cause and effect) process divorced from socio-cultural influences and attendant values and beliefs. The aim of this report is to examine to what degree service users (SU) and service providers (SP) believe their decisions about treatment importance are influenced by self-image and emotion. DESIGN: These results are extrapolated from a larger study based on a postal questionnaire that went to members of the @entity158 Society (UK Chapter of IASP) and service users belonging to @entity1118 support groups in the North-West of England. The question of interest in this report asked @entity1 to identify their level of agreement with statements about how four themes influence their decision-making about whether a treatment is important. The themes (coherence, purposiveness, self-image and affect) arise from Chapman's model of @entity1662 and @entity158 . RESULTS: Only 20.5% of service providers rated the influence of self-image (what someone like me would think) as 3 (mostly) or 4 (completely). Service provider rating for the influence of affect (how this treatment makes me feel) were similarly low with only 19.4% of respondents selecting a rating of 3 or 4. In marked contrast, 73.3% of the service users selected self-image and 92.9% selected affect as a strong influence. CONCLUSION: Service providers felt that affect and self-image had little influence on their decision-making. However, there is growing evidence in the literature to suggest that it is not possible, nor preferable, to divorce emotion from the clinical encounter.

title: Service providers' perception of affective influences on decision-making about treatments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: In recent studies showing how stress can affect an individual's decision-making process, the cognitive component of decision-making could also be considered a coping resource available to individuals when faced with a stressful situation. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) constitutes the standard test for the assessment of decision-making skills under conditions of uncertainty. Responses of the @entity2339 to psychosocial stress, in turn, have been estimated by means of @entity701 measurements. Our main objective in this study was to test if good and bad IGT performers show distinct @entity2339 responses, when challenged in a classic psychosocial stress test. Because @entity1 have been shown to outperform @entity1 on the IGT under the influence of psychosocial stress, we chose a sample of 40 @entity1 to take the IGT before they were exposed to a public speaking task in a virtual environment. The activation of the @entity2339 , involved in the stress response, was assessed by examining the levels of @entity701 in the subjects' saliva at the following four stages: before the challenge, after the challenge, and 10 and 20 min after the task. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to their level of performance, good or poor, on the IGT. Results showed statistically significant differences between the groups for pre-exposure @entity701 levels and for @entity701 levels 20 min after exposure. Overall @entity701 levels were significantly higher in the group with poor performance on the IGT. It appears that good decision-making, which may be an important resource for coping with stress, is associated with a lower @entity2339 response to a @entity2673 .

title: Can decision-making skills affect responses to psychological stress in healthy XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial stressor']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1620 and cold preservation are major alloantigen-independent risk factors for transplantation outcome. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of these factors on transplantation-associated injury independently or in combination. METHODS: @entity1620 was induced in F344 @entity35 . Renal grafts were harvested after 6 hr and either directly transplanted in unilateral nephrectomized Lewis recipient or subjected to 24 hr of cold preservation in University of Wisconsin solution before implantation. Allografts obtained from living donor @entity35 were also subjected to cold preservation or not. DNA damage was assessed before implantation by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling staining. Ten days after transplantation, renal histology was performed according to Banff '97 classification. The expressions of cytokines and adhesion molecules were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Cold preservation significantly increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling positive cells in renal allografts. Ten days after transplantation, histology revealed a higher degree of @entity9538 and @entity1333 scores when the grafts were subjected to cold storage. @entity1333 was aggravated when the graft was obtained from @entity1620 ( @entity1620 ) donors. @entity1620 , but not cold preservation alone, was associated with @entity5720 . This was more frequently observed after cold preservation. Immunohistology showed an increase in MHC class II+ cells after cold preservation. The combination of @entity1620 and cold preservation revealed a higher degree of @entity6667 and @entity13358 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our Study emphasizes that cold @entity63 time should be limited when renal allografts from brain-dead donors are transplanted.

title: The additional detrimental effects of cold preservation on transplantation-associated injury in kidneys from living and brain-dead donor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death', 'Brain death', 'BD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuraxial @entity1286 is considered as a "gold standard" for @entity158 relief after cesarean section, however it causes bothersome side effects. Alternative @entity1337 including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) has been proposed. We aimed to assess the @entity1286 sparing effect of continuous wound infiltration with a local anesthetic, when added to multimodal systemic @entity1337 including NSAID without subarachnoid @entity1286 . STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-eight @entity1 scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in a randomized controlled open-label trial. @entity1 received @entity1341 spinal anesthesia without intrathecal @entity1286 . @entity86 consisted for all @entity1 in multimodal systemic @entity1337 with @entity1443 , @entity15845 , @entity12698 , and @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 for 24h. The intervention group also received subfascial @entity1343 infiltration through a multi-holed catheter, at 6.25mg/h for 48h. The primary endpoint was total @entity1286 consumption at 24h postoperatively; and secondary endpoints were @entity158 scores, side effects, breastfeeding comfort, maternal satisfaction, and nurse workload. Student t test, Mann-Whitney test or   (2) test were used when appropriate. RESULTS: The intervention group had 6.7mg less @entity1286 consumption (95%CI -1.3mg; -12mg, P=0.02), and 0.8 @entity158 point less at rest on the numerical rating scale 0-10 (95%CI -0.3; -1.3, P=0.002). The intervention was associated with significantly better breastfeeding comfort (+1.7 at numerical rating scale score 0-10, 95%CI +0; +3.3, P=0.0498). Wound dressing changes were required in a significantly higher proportion of intervention-group @entity1 (12/34 vs. 1/34, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Adding continuous @entity1343 infiltration to multimodal @entity1337 after cesarean section without subarachnoid @entity1286 decreased postoperative @entity1286 consumption and @entity158 , facilitated breastfeeding initial comfort, and slightly increased nurse workload.

title: Cesarean @entity1337 using XXXX continuous wound infiltration: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study conducted at a tertiary functional restoration center for @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ), comparing treatment outcome status 1-year posttreatment of @entity1 with specific diagnosed @entity146 to those without. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if diagnosed psychopathology is a significant limiting factor in the successful interdisciplinary rehabilitation of CDOSD @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Research has demonstrated high prevalence rates of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity102 . Little is known about whether these disorders are associated with less successful treatment outcomes. METHODS: A consecutive group of CDOSD @entity1 (n = 1323) averaging 19 months of prerehabilitation disability were evaluated for @entity146 with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM-IV). @entity1 participated in a functional restoration program. A structured clinical interview addressing work status, recurrent injury, healthcare utilization, and financial claims closure was administered 1 year after discharge. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the unique contribution of the specific @entity74 that were significantly associated with the outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4697 , @entity10420 ( @entity1314 ) and dependent @entity1314 were >2 times more likely to be program noncompleters. For successful program completers, those with @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) were 2.7 times less likely to return to work and 2.6 times less likely to retain work. @entity1 with @entity4784 were also 2.1 times more likely to seek postrehabilitation treatment from a new provider. CONCLUSIONS: Despite intensive management of @entity146 during interdisciplinary functional restoration for CDOSD, several disorders were found to be associated with less successful outcomes. Poorer work outcomes were more common with specific (and comorbid) @entity146 . @entity4784 was the single disorder associated most often with less successful outcomes. Despite these findings, the large majority of @entity1 demonstrated successful outcomes. @entity308 did not independently link to less successful outcomes.

title: Psychiatric comorbidity in XXXX has minimal impact on functional restoration socioeconomic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'Axis I psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence disorder', 'ODD', 'Opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CDOSDs', 'chronic disabling occupational spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-IV disorders']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disabling occupational spinal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shock wave therapy is a new modality that has shown efficacy in the treatment of @entity74 . PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness, at 2- to 3-year follow-up, of shock wave therapy for @entity730 tendinitis of the shoulder. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (39 shoulders) with @entity730 were treated with shock wave therapy (1000 impulses at 14 kV) and observed for 24 to 30 months. The control group, which underwent sham treatment with a dummy electrode, consisted of 6 @entity1 (6 shoulders) with an average follow-up of 6 months. Evaluation included use of the 100-point Constant score system and shoulder radiographs. RESULTS: The overall results in the study group were 60.6% excellent (20 of 33 shoulders), 30.3% good (10), 3.0% fair (1), and 6.1% poor (2), and those of the control group were 16.7% fair (1 of 6 shoulders) and 83.3% poor (5). The symptom recurrence rate in the study group was 6.5%. Dissolution of @entity460 deposits was complete in 57.6% of the study group, partial in 15.1%, and unchanged in 27.3%. @entity1949 was seen in 16.7% of the control group @entity1 ; in 83.3% deposits were unchanged. No recurrence of @entity460 deposits was observed during the 2 years that the study group was followed. CONCLUSIONS: Shock wave therapy is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for @entity1 with @entity730 tendinitis of the shoulder.

title: Shock wave therapy for XXXX tendinitis of the shoulder: a prospective clinical study with two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific', 'calcific shoulder tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various orthopaedic disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific']


abstract: We aimed to investigate the population of gamma/delta T (gamma/delta T) cells in @entity1 with @entity697 . When the bacteria penetrate to the host, the innate immune response aims to prevent the attack by non-activated professional phagocytes. At that moment, macrophages trigger the other cells of the immune system. The cells that can respond immediately are natural killer and gamma/delta T cells. The study included 40 cases of @entity697 and 20 healthy volunteers. In this study, it was aimed to compare gamma/delta and alpha/beta (alpha/beta) receptors of the T cells at pre- and post treatment period of @entity1 diagnosed as @entity3377 , especially to evaluate the levels of gamma/delta T cells at monitoring of the disease, using flow cytometry. As a result, it was observed that gamma/delta T cells significantly increased in peripheral blood in @entity1 with @entity3377 compared with the healthy individuals (13.23 +/- 4.7 and 5.25 +/- 1.4, respectively (p = 0.0001)). gamma/delta T cells were significantly decreased after the @entity3377 treatment (p < 0.01). The results of the present study indicate that considerable counts of gamma/delta T cells are involved in @entity697 cases. Our findings suggest that gamma/delta TCR bearing cell counts may be used as a supplementary marker for monitoring @entity3377 .

title: Gamma/delta T cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute brucellosis']


abstract: SETTING: @entity378 laboratory in the Jayavarman VII @entity1 's Hospital in Siem Reap, part of the Kantha Bopha Hospitals, the largest pediatric hospital complex in Cambodia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficiency of on-site microscopy and rRNA amplification in @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) and specimen sampling for culture. RESULTS: From 1 July 2005 to 31 March 2006, 52,400 @entity1 were admitted to the hospital. Among these, 405 @entity1 had @entity378 , including 91 (22.5%) laboratory-confirmed cases, or respectively 7.7 and 1.7 per 1000 admissions. Among cases confirmed by microscopy or rRNA assay, rRNA identified 91.2%. Among all culture-confirmed cases, rRNA identified 90.5%. Culture alone contributed 7.1% to all laboratory confirmed cases. The yield of culture from preserved specimens was not affected by shipment delay. For 97.4% of the @entity1 , the maximum turnaround time for the on-site laboratory result was 48 h. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a mycobacteriology service in a referral hospital is feasible, as the molecular technique is highly efficient. Storage of specimen aliquots allows subsequent culture without loss of viability due to shipment delay.

title: Laboratory diagnosis of XXXX in a large pediatric hospital in Cambodia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Psychoeducational interventions for @entity161 outpatients and their key- @entity1 have shown impressive long-term effects on the course of @entity221 . Psychoeducation is suggested to be offered as early as possible to be most effective. This prospective randomized study examines the influence of pre-therapy duration of @entity221 on the effects of a psychoeducative training. The controlled study covered a total of 191 @entity161 outpatients and comprised psychoeducational training and cognitive psychotherapy. Pre-therapy duration of @entity221 was divided at 4 and 7 years resulting in groups of short, medium, and long duration of @entity716 . Study @entity1 were examined for rehospitalization at a five year interval. In @entity1 with long duration of @entity221 , attendance at psychoeducation did not modify rehospitalization rate. This was true for @entity1 with very short duration of @entity716 . Only @entity1 with medium duration of @entity221 after psychoeducative intervention showed a reduced rehospitalization rate. In general, results do recommend psychoeducative intervention at early @entity716 . However, psychoeducation was not optimally located in @entity1 with a very short duration of @entity221 . Psychoeducation showed a most preventive effect in @entity1 with a medium duration of @entity221 who already accept their @entity221 but are not yet adhering to fatalistic assumptions often established to explain the manifestation of @entity221 .

title: Timing of psychoeducational psychotherapeutic interventions in @entity161 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smoking is a well-known causative factor of @entity2 and the association of smoking with @entity420 is considered to be the weakest. We investigated the influence of smoking on postoperative prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2220 . METHODS: One hundred and eighty-one consecutive @entity1 of resected @entity2220 were studied retrospectively. The histologic subtype was subdivided into 2 groups: lepidic dominant histologic subtype, including @entity15709 , minimally invasive @entity420 , and @entity420 versus other subtypes. RESULTS: The 5-year survival of ever smokers was significantly unfavorable than that of never smokers. Similarly, there was also a relationship between the @entity1 ' survival and Brinkman index (BI), with unfavorable survival found in @entity1 with greater smoking histories. Based on a multivariable analysis, pN status and BI were significant factors affecting the postoperative prognosis of @entity1 undergoing surgery. However, gender, serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, lepidic dominant histologic subtype and pure/mixed ground-glass opacity (GGO) were not prognostic factors although previous reports showed prognostic significance. These factors that we failed to find the prognostic significance were significantly associated with smoking. CONCLUSION: The smoking was significantly predictive of an unfavorable prognosis after surgery for @entity2220 . It is suggested that smoking is associated with serum @entity787 level, histologic subtype and GGO, resulting in unfavorable outcome.

title: Impact of smoking on outcome of resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity9864 ( @entity2592 ) is a clinically important cytotoxic drug which is a potent inhibitor of DNA but which has a minimal effect on other cellular processes. The cytotoxic action of @entity2592 on @entity1 cells has been suggested to be due to the chromosome aberrations induced by this compound. Using a marsupial cell line (JU56), the cells of which contain only 9 readily identified chromosomes, the different types of chromosome aberrations induced by a pulse of @entity2592 have been quantified, and the cell cycle dependence of the damage has been assessed. It was found that, for cells exposed in G2, both chromatid-type and chromosome-type lesions were produced. The frequency of these lesions was reduced by a chase of @entity7090 , and there was some evidence that the initial lesions are gaps which may later be converted to true breaks. In early G2 and late S cells, lesions were produced chiefly at one chromosome locations; this location was not specifically late-replicating. At all stages of S, lesions were chiefly chromatid-type, and some exchanges occurred. The level of damage in S cells was not influenced by a @entity7090 chase. There was negligible damage in cells exposed in G1. It is suggested that the reason previous investigators have obtained very different cell cycle dependence of chromosome damage is that the delaying effects of @entity2592 on cell cycle progression was not taken into account.

title: Effects of XXXX on chromosomes, depending upon the cell cycle stage at the time of exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7090 :: ('MESH:D003841', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycytidine']

entities_list: @entity9864 :: ('CHEBI:28680', 'Chemical') :: ['1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl cytosine']

answer: @entity9864 :: (CHEBI:28680,Chemical) :: ['1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the maximum tolerated dose of @entity20311 when used with @entity1261 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity5 refractory to standard therapy were treated with @entity20311 given over 1-2 hours on three consecutive days. The first cohort of @entity1 received a total dose of 1596 mg/m2 (equivalent to @entity2879 1400 mg/m2); doses were escalated in subsequent @entity1 cohorts. @entity1261 5 micrograms/kg was administered subcutaneously from day 4 until the total leukocyte count rose to > 10,000/microL. Two courses were given at 28 day intervals. RESULTS: @entity137 produced by high dose @entity20311 included myelosuppression and @entity33 . Three of five @entity1 treated at the 2280 mg/m2 dose level (equivalent to @entity2879 2000 mg/m2) had dose limiting @entity137 (grade 4 @entity1431 for 7 days, 2 @entity1 ; grade 4 @entity33 + @entity1431 , 1 @entity1 ). In addition, median days with severe @entity882 (< 50,000/microL) rose to six days at this dose. Other @entity137 was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: In pretreated @entity1 , the maximum tolerated dose of @entity20311 with @entity1261 is 1938 mg/m2 (equivalent to @entity2879 1700 mg/m2). Dose-limiting @entity137 were myelosuppression and @entity33 , as with high dose @entity2879 . @entity20311 can be substituted for @entity2879 in high dose regimens; due to its greater solubility, administration can be more rapid, requires less fluid volume, and is not associated with @entity520 .

title: Phase I study of high dose @entity2879 phosphatase with filgrastim ( XXXX ) in the treatment of advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory malignancies', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity20311 :: ('MESH:C061400', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide phosphate', 'etoposide phosphate']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recruitment of @entity1 with @entity28 is a real challenge. To reduce time and costs in similar projects, we investigated various recruiting strategies used in a longitudinal family study with respect to their enrolment yield and cost effectiveness. Results may help other research groups to optimize their recruitment strategies. METHODS: We applied different recruitment strategies to acquire families with @entity1 aged 6 to 47  months and at least one parent with @entity28 (risk group) or two parents of normal weight (control group) for a longitudinal non-interventional study. Based on four main strategies-via media, kindergartens, health professionals and focusing on the community-we examined 15 different subcategories of strategies. Based on enrolment yield and relative costs (e.g., material expenses, staff time) we analyzed the effectiveness of each recruitment strategy. RESULTS: Following different recruitment approaches, 685 families contacted us; 26% (n   =   178) of these met the inclusion criteria. Of the four main strategies, the community-focused strategy was the most successful one (accounting for 36.5% of the sample) followed by contacts with kindergartens (accounting for 28.1% of the sample). Of the subcategories, two strategies were outstanding: Posters (community-focused strategies), and recruitment via kindergartens using phone contacts rather than emailing. Only a small number of @entity1 were recruited via announcements in newspapers (lower cost strategy), advertisements on public transport or face-to-face recruitment at various places (higher cost strategies). CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed that only a combination of different active and passive methods and approaches led to a sufficient sample size. In this study, recruitment via posters and contacting kindergartens on the phone produced the highest numbers of @entity1 (high enrolment yield) at moderate costs.

title: Recruitment strategies in a prospective longitudinal family study on parents with XXXX and their toddlers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity1200 have been described in seronegative @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ). The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity687 , which are proinflammatory cytokines in active and inactive @entity1 with @entity5145 , to compare the results with those of controls and to investigate a relationship with clinical activity and acute phase proteins. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (34 males and eight females) and 22 healthy controls (17 M and 5 F) were included in the study. All @entity1 fulfilled Amor criteria for the classification of @entity5145 . Among @entity1 23 had active and 19 had inactive disease. @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity687 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA), acute phase proteins were measured by nephelometric assay. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between mean @entity1356 levels of @entity1 groups and controls. Serum mean @entity310 levels in active and inactive @entity1 were significantly increased as compared to that in the controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Serum mean @entity687 levels in active @entity1 was significantly increased as compared to that in the controls and in inactive @entity1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). High serum @entity687 levels correlated well with C-reactive protein and haptoglobulin, but there was no correlation between @entity1356 or @entity310 levels and acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin and haptoglobulin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that serum @entity687 may reflect clinical activity of the disease and may be helpful for monitoring @entity1 with @entity5145 .

title: Serum levels of @entity1356 , @entity310 , @entity687 , and acute phase proteins in seronegative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['SpA', 'spondyloarthropathies']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthropathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of complement in hyperacute lung xenograft rejection has not been elucidated. The present study evaluates the effect of complement (C) C3/C5 convertase inhibition on hyperacute rejection of @entity1707 lung by @entity1 blood. METHODS: In an established ex-vivo model, lungs from @entity1707 heterozygous for @entity1 decay accelerating factor ( @entity9819 ), non-transgenic littermate control @entity1707 , or farm-bred @entity1707 were perfused with fresh @entity1 blood that was either unmodified or treated with soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1: TP10, 100 microg/ml). RESULTS: Non-transgenic lungs from littermate controls had a median survival time of 35 min (range 5 to 210; P = 0.25 vs. farm-bred piglets: median 5 min, range 5 to 10). Lungs expressing @entity9819 survived for a median of 90 min (range 10 to 161; P = 0.5 and 0.01 vs. littermate and farm-bred controls, respectively), with sCR1, whereas @entity9819 (-) lungs failed by 35 min (range 6 to 307), @entity9819 (+) lungs survived for 330 min (range 39 to 577) [P = 0.002 vs. farm-bred; P = 0.08 vs. @entity9819 (-); P = 0.17 vs. sCR1/ @entity9819 (-)]. The rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at 5 min was blunted only by @entity9819 (+) with sCR1 (0.26 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.5 to 0.7 mmHg/ml/min for other groups). Plasma C3a and sC5b-9 and tissue deposition of C5b-9 were dramatically diminished using sCR1, and further decreased in association with @entity9819 . @entity112 and @entity2871 were produced rapidly in all groups. CONCLUSION: Complement plays an important role in lung HAR. However, even potent inhibition of C3/C5 convertase, both membrane bound in lung and by a soluble-phase inhibitor in the blood, does not prevent activation of inflammatory responses known to be particularly injurious to the lung. Our findings implicate a role for innate immune pathways resistant to efficient complement regulation. The role of anti-species antibody, coagulation pathway dysregulation, and additional environmental or genetic influences remain to be defined.

title: Hyperacute lung rejection in the XXXX -to- @entity1 model. 2. Synergy between soluble and membrane complement inhibition.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: The @entity26 limitation theory states that capillarization of the sinusoidal endothelium in @entity82 impairs hepatocellular @entity26 uptake manifesting as a reduction in @entity26 -dependent enzyme activity including phase 1 drug metabolism. The hepatic artery supplies highly oxygenated blood to the liver. Therefore, we tested whether @entity99 could improve hepatic oxygenation and function in @entity82 . @entity35 were treated with @entity4314 and @entity109 to induce @entity1575 or @entity82 . We used a bivascular @entity35 liver perfusion model to examine the effects of increased hepatic artery flow on @entity1169 clearance and @entity26 consumption. Each liver was perfused at three hepatic artery flow rates, 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9 ml/min with a constant portal venous flow of 7 to 9 ml/min. Increasing the hepatic artery flow led to improvement in @entity1169 clearance in control (n = 7, P <.001), fibrotic (n = 8, P <.001), and cirrhotic (n = 6, P <.001) livers. Intrinsic clearance of @entity1169 increased only in the cirrhotic livers (P =.01), indicating an improvement in enzyme activity. Regression analysis indicated that this improvement was mediated by change in @entity26 delivery alone (P =.001). The results confirm that @entity1169 metabolizing enzyme activity in @entity82 can be improved by increasing @entity26 delivery by increasing hepatic arterial blood flow. These findings suggest that increasing hepatic arterial blood flow may be an important therapeutic strategy for improving global liver function in @entity82 .

title: Hepatic artery flow and XXXX metabolism in perfused cirrhotic @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['augmentation of hepatic arterial blood flow']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series was to explore a 12.5:1 fixed-dose ratio of an intravenous @entity5889 and @entity1510 mixture (NNM) for use in @entity1 following gynecologic surgery. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Open-label, nonrandomized case series. The first series was a dose-ranging investigation for 12 @entity1 following elective total abdominal hysterectomy or myomectomy. In this series, @entity3575 was used for intraoperative @entity1337 , and @entity1 were assigned to a lower NNM (2.5 mg/0.2 mg) or to a higher NNM (5 mg/0.4 mg) dose group. The second series evaluated the fixed dose of 5 mg @entity5889 /0.4 mg @entity1510 for four @entity1 undergoing ambulatory gynecologic procedures. In the second series, no opioid agents were administered intraoperatively to eliminate the possibility of mu-opioid reversal by @entity1510 postoperatively. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 control was assessed using a Verbal @entity158 Scale (0-10). Vital signs, side effects, and adverse events were recorded to determine drug safety. RESULTS: In the first series, there were no adverse events; however, each @entity1 required rescue medication (either @entity1286 or @entity3575 ). In the second series, two of the four @entity1 reported a reduction in @entity158 following drug administration and did not require any further analgesic agents in the 3-hour postoperative period. One @entity1 had an asymptomatic lowering of heart rate after receiving the drug. CONCLUSION: Additional research of the unique combination therapy of @entity5889 and @entity1510 is warranted to further determine its potential clinical efficacy and safety.

title: Open-label exploration of an intravenous @entity5889 and XXXX mixture as an analgesic agent following gynecologic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ) cells lack the damage-specific polymerase eta and undergo a protracted arrest at the S phase checkpoint(s) following UV damage. The S phase checkpoints encompass several qualitatively different processes, and stimulate downstream events that are dependent on the functional state of @entity876 . Primary fibroblasts with wild-type @entity876 arrest in S, and require a functional polymerase eta (pol eta) to carry out bypass replication, but do not recruit recombination factors for recovery. @entity7322 cells with non-functional @entity876 , as a result of transformation by SV40 or @entity1799 ( @entity7906 ), recruit the @entity15124 / @entity15125 /Nbs1 complex to arrested replication forks, coincident with PCNA, whereas normal transformed cells preferentially use the pol eta bypass replication pathway. The formation of @entity15124 foci implies that arrested replication forks rapidly undergo a collapse involving double strand breakage and rejoining. Apoptosis occurs after UV only in cells transformed by SV40, and not in normal or @entity7322 fibroblasts or @entity1799 ( @entity7906 ) transformed cells. Conversely, ultimate cell survival in @entity7322 cells was much less in @entity1799 ( @entity7906 ) transformed cells than in SV40 transformed cells, indicating that apoptosis was not a reliable predictor of cell survival. Inhibition of @entity876 transactivation by @entity12559 -alpha or inhibition of protein synthesis by @entity1880 did not induce @entity15124 foci or apoptosis in UV damaged fibroblasts. Inhibition of kinase activity with @entity2307 did not increase killing by UV, unlike the large increase seen with @entity5834 . Since @entity1799 ( @entity7906 ) transformed @entity7322 cells were highly UV sensitive and not further sensitized by @entity5834 , it appears likely that @entity5834 sensitization proceeds through a @entity876 pathway. The S phase checkpoints are therefore, a complex set of different checkpoints that are coordinated by @entity876 with the capacity to differentially modulate cell survival, apoptosis, bypass replication and @entity15124 recombination.

title: Polymerase eta and @entity876 jointly regulate cell survival, apoptosis and XXXX recombination during S phase checkpoint arrest after UV irradiation.

entities_list: @entity12559 :: ('MESH:C121565', 'Chemical') :: ['pifithrin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['Xeroderma pigmentosum variant', 'XPV']

answer: @entity15124 :: (4361,Gene) :: ['Mre11']


abstract: The authors present a rare case of cervical @entity602 caused by @entity135 . This 68-year-old @entity1 presented with her head hanging forward. After 1 month, she was admitted to the medical service because of head drop progression. Examination of biopsy specimens from her cervical paraspinal muscles showed nonspecific @entity121 without @entity32 , and @entity135 extensor @entity121 was diagnosed. The @entity1 's condition did not respond to the administration of corticosteroids. During follow up as an outpatient, the @entity1 's head drop continued to gradually progress. At 1 year after onset, she developed bilateral weakness of the upper and lower extremities, clumsiness of the hands, and gait disturbance. A radiograph of the cervical spine obtained in a standing position showed a pronounced @entity85 and instability at the level of C4-5. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated @entity1745 at @entity4417 and @entity10287 . The @entity1 underwent a C3-4 laminectomy and occipitocervicothoracic fixation. Gait and hand coordination gradually improved, and she was able to walk with no support 1 month postoperatively. Surgical fixation was beneficial in this @entity1 with @entity135 , @entity602 , and cervical instability.

title: Cervical myelopathy caused by XXXX . Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['dropped head syndrome', 'isolated neck']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy', 'myopathic features']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['dropped head syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of post-operative @entity1897 ( @entity923 ) after shoulder arthroplasty is not known. We hypothesized that the likelihood following shoulder arthroplasty would be higher compared to a non-operative cohort. METHODS: Retrospective study compared the incidence of symptomatic @entity923 after shoulder replacement to a 1:1 age- and gender-matched non-operative control group with @entity625 . Six hundred six consecutive shoulder replacements from a regional shoulder arthroplasty registry were analyzed. This included 319 primary total shoulder arthroplasties (TSR), 168 hemiarthroplasties (HA), 31 humeral resurfacings (HHR), 71 reverse arthroplasties (RTSA), and 17 revision arthroplasties. Diagnosis of post-operative @entity923 was obtained by documented clinical examination by a physician consistent with @entity923 based on @entity1 complaints, positive nerve study results, and/or nerve decompression. Age, gender, body mass index, @entity6 status, @entity1374 , operative side, and anesthesiology (ASA) score were examined. RESULTS: The surgery group had 15 cases (2.5  %) of post-operative @entity923 (ten @entity923 , five @entity7769 ). This included seven TSR, six HA, one revision TSR, and one RTSA. Diagnoses included ten @entity571 , @entity717 cuff @entity2720 , and one chondrolysis. Control group had eight cases (1.3  %) of @entity923 (seven @entity923 , one @entity7769 ). In univariate analysis, age, gender, body mass index, ASA score, operative side, thyroid status, and @entity6 were not predictors of post-operative @entity923 . @entity923 incidence between surgical and control groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The 1-year incidence rate of new onset clinical post-operative @entity923 symptoms was 2.5  %. There was no significant difference of @entity923 rates between surgical and non-operative groups.

title: Incidence of symptomatic XXXX after shoulder replacement.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['compressive peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CPN', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['four rotator']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid abnormalities']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['compressive peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of @entity227 in a consecutive, unselected series of @entity1 in the Copenhagen area treated with @entity5305 for severe @entity302 , and further to assess appropriate screening techniques for detecting such @entity227 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: During 1999, 36 @entity5305 -treated @entity1 (aged 13-67) referred to the eye clinic, had a full ophthalmic examination. Routine visual field testing by means of a) finger movements and b) a tangent screen was supplemented by c) manual kinetic Goldmann perimetry and d) automated static threshold profile perimetry (Octopus). RESULTS: Of the 31 subjects accepted for entry, 80% showed some degree of @entity227 . The affection was regarded as slight in 15 cases, moderate in seven, and severe in four. Both kinetic Goldmann and static computerised perimetry disclosed the peripheral defects in those affected. By Goldmann perimetry, it appeared as a smooth narrowing of outer visual field borders, whereas Octopus demonstrated a less regular, more scattered loss of sensitivity. DISCUSSION: Eighty per cent with peripheral field affection is among the highest reported frequencies in a @entity5305 -treated series of @entity1 so far. An association with a cumulated dose of the drug was demonstrated. Visual field testing by finger movements and tangent screen evaluation will not reveal the initial peripheral losses of the visual field. For this purpose, we found manual kinetic Goldmann perimetry a valid alternative to modern computerised perimetric techniques. Goldmann takes less time, makes the co-operation of the @entity1 easier, and the interpretation is simple.

title: [ XXXX and @entity227 . A Danish material with evaluation of different screening methods].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects', 'visual field constriction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['Vigabatrin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 183 Background: @entity158 is associated with shorter survival in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity2 cells express opioid receptors. Opioids promote angiogenesis, @entity5 growth and @entity3 , and shorten survival in animal models. METHODS: To examine if long-term opioid requirement, independently of @entity1118 , is associated with survival, we studied 209 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy for stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 . @entity158 was stratified by proportion of time @entity1 reported specific levels of @entity158 . Opioids were converted to oral @entity1286 equivalents (OME) for comparison. The effects of @entity158 , opioid requirement, and known prognostic variables on survival were analyzed in univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS: Both severity of @entity158 and greater opioid requirement in first 90 days after starting chemotherapy were strongly predictive of shorter survival on univariable analysis. @entity1 with no/mild @entity1118 and requiring <5 mg/day OME during first 90 days had nearly 12 months longer median survival compared to @entity1 requiring >= 5 mg/day OME and/or experiencing more @entity158 . Differences in survival remained remarkably similar when @entity1118 and opioid requirement were assessed over the entire clinical course (until death or last follow-up). In multivariable models, both opioid requirement and @entity1118 remained independent predictors of survival, after adjustment for age, stage and performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of chronic @entity5 or greater opioid requirement are associated with shorter survival in advanced @entity1149 , independently of known prognostic factors. While @entity158 adversely influences prognosis, controlling it with opioids does not improve survival. Prospective studies should determine if achieving @entity158 control using opioid-sparing approaches improves outcomes.

title: Association of opioid requirement and XXXX with survival in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related pain']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It was aimed to study the relationships between @entity146 and @entity1 health and well-being in East Asians in a national and population-based setting. METHODS: Data were retrieved from Japanese General Social Survey, 2010. Information on demographics, lifestyle factors, @entity146 and self-reported health conditions and well-being in Japanese adults was obtained by household interview. Analysis included chi-square test, logistic and multi-nominal regression modeling. RESULTS: Of 5003 Japanese adults (aged 20-89) included in the study cohort, 13.8%, 14.7%, 4.8% and 5.5% were addicted to drinking, smoking, gambling and video games, respectively while 10.6%, 13.8%, 4.3% and 11.4% were exposed to co-residing family member's drinking, smoking, gambling and video game @entity146 , respectively. @entity1 who reported addiction to drinking had poor self-rated health, @entity101 and @entity5419 . @entity1 who reported addiction to smoking had fair to poor self-rated health, unhappiness, @entity66 and itchy skin. @entity1 who reported addiction to gambling had fair to poor self-rated health and unhappiness. @entity1 who reported addiction to video games had poor self-rated health and @entity299 . @entity1 who were exposed to addiction to drinking, smoking, gambling and video games from co-residing family member(s) also reported hay @entity221 , poor self-rated health and unhappiness. CONCLUSION: Self and environmental exposures to drinking, smoking, gambling or video game addiction are associated with adult @entity101 , heart and @entity66 , @entity566 , self-rated health and happiness. Future public health programs continuing to minimize self and environmental exposures to @entity146 tackling health concerns would still be encouraged.

title: Self and environmental exposures to drinking, smoking, gambling or video game addiction are associated with adult @entity101 , heart and @entity66 , XXXX , self-rated health and happiness: Japanese General Social Survey, 2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'People']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addiction behaviors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: The @entity238 larval cardiac tube is composed of 104 cardiomyocytes that exhibit genetic and functional diversity. The tube is divided into the aorta and the heart proper that encompass the anterior and posterior parts of the tube, respectively. Differentiation into aorta and heart cardiomyocytes takes place during embryogenesis. We have observed living embryos to correlate morphological changes occurring during the late phases of cardiogenesis with the acquisition of organ function, including functional inlets, or ostiae. Cardiac cells diversity originates in response to two types of spatial information such that cells differentiate according to their position, both within a segment and along the anteroposterior @entity2270 . Axial patterning is controlled by homeotic genes of the @entity4564 (BXC) which are regionally expressed within the cardiac tube in non-overlapping domains. Ultrabithorax ( @entity4564 ) is expressed in the aorta whereas @entity4534 ( @entity4534 ) is expressed in the heart, with the exception of the four most posterior cardiac cells which express @entity4533 ( @entity4533 ). @entity4564 and @entity4534 functions are required to confer an aorta or a heart identity on cardiomyocytes, respectively. The anterior limit of the expression domain of @entity4564 , @entity4534 and @entity4533 is independent of the function of the other genes. In contrast, @entity4534 represses @entity4564 expression in the heart and ectopic overexpression of @entity4534 transforms aorta cells into heart cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results support the idea that BXC homeotic genes in the cardiac tube conform to the posterior prevalence rule. The cardiac tube is also segmentally patterned and each metamere contains six @entity13635 that are genetically diverse. We show that the transcription of @entity63063 ( @entity63063 ), which is expressed in the two most posterior @entity13635 in each segment, is dependent on @entity12543 (hh) signaling from the dorsal ectoderm. In combination with the axial information furnished by @entity4534 , the segmental hh-dependent information leads to the differentiation of the six pairs of @entity63063 -expressing cells into functional ostiae.

title: Heart tube patterning in @entity238 requires integration of axial and segmental information provided by the XXXX genes and @entity12543 signaling.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity13635 :: ('MESH:C537238', 'Disease') :: ['pairs of cardioblasts']

answer: @entity4564 :: (42034(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Bithorax Complex']


abstract: The introduction of dual-chamber sensing in @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has greatly reduced the incidence of false detection due to @entity4710 . The remaining @entity943 which serve to confound classification are @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) with 1:1 anterograde conduction and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) with 1:1 retrograde conduction. An algorithm has been designed and tested (28 @entity1 ) which employs ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction measurements to separate 1:1 VTs from 1:1 @entity4710 . A study was conducted to assess realistic VA interval boundaries for classification of @entity943 with 1:1 retrograde atrial conduction. Intracardiac atrial and ventricular recordings of 7 passages of @entity1165 with retrograde conduction, 12 passages of @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ), 3 passages of @entity591 ( @entity591 ), 8 passages of @entity7129 ( @entity7129 ), and 2 passages of orthodromic reentrant @entity591 (ORT) were analyzed. Automated real-time atrial and ventricular waveform recognition was performed on each passage and VA intervals were measured. Separation of @entity1165 with retrograde conduction from other 1:1 @entity4710 was effected by imposing discrete VA interval boundaries. VA boundaries of 80 ms to 234 ms classified 1:1 @entity1165 with 100% sensitivity (SENS) and 80% specificity (SPEC). In addition, the lower boundary completely classified @entity2917 with 100% SENS and 100% SPEC, and all passages of @entity7129 were contained above the upper boundary. These findings could be of importance in algorithms for next-generation @entity737 which include two-chamber (atrial and ventricular) sensing and two-chamber interval measurements.

title: Ventriculoatrial conduction metrics for classification of @entity1165 with 1:1 retrograde conduction in dual-chamber sensing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia', 'AVNRT']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias', 'SVTs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia', 'ST']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillators']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3044 tilt-table testing provides a diagnosis of @entity907 in @entity1 with @entity1163 or near- @entity1163 . Although acute beta-blockade may prevent the development of @entity1163 during @entity3044 tilt-table testing, the use of beta-blockers for chronic prophylaxis may not be effective for some @entity1 who show a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing. We evaluated whether the efficacy of intravenous @entity1406 in preventing symptoms during repeated tests would be helpful in selecting @entity1 suitable for long-term therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 55 @entity1 (35 females, 20 males; mean age 36+/-11 years) who had been chosen from a group referred to our institute with a history of unexplained @entity1163 (> or = 2 @entity1163 ) and a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing. After a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing, 5 mg @entity1406 was infused intravenously as a bolus and the test repeated. Thirty-five @entity1 (group 1) showed a positive response again and 20 (group 2) showed a negative response. We started 50 mg @entity1406 once a day for @entity1 in group 1 while group 2 was divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup (group 2a, 12 @entity1 ) was started on 50 mg @entity3756 or 20 mg @entity903 once a day and the second subgroup (group 2b, 8 @entity1 ) was started on 5 mg @entity21172 orally once a day. Two months later, @entity3044 tilt-table testing was repeated. In group 1, 13 of 35 @entity1 (37%) were positive on @entity3044 tilt-table testing while in group 2, 8 of 20 @entity1 (40%) were positive on @entity3044 tilt-table testing (p not statistically significant). The therapies of the two groups were then interchanged. Two months later (4 months from the beginning of the study), the @entity3044 tilt-table test was repeated. Eleven @entity1 in group 1 (31%) and 6 in group 2 (30%, p not statistically significant) showed a positive response again. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that acute beta-blockade response to positive @entity3044 tilt-table testing is not a useful predictor for the assessment of chronic prophylaxis for @entity907 .

title: Usefulness of intravenous @entity1406 during positive @entity3044 tilt-table test in the choice of treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Almost all newborns have @entity5372 , which is known as one of the risk factors for @entity293 . The present study analyzed which specific prepuce conditions correlated with the development of febrile @entity293 in Japanese male @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects consisted of 100 @entity1 , 64 @entity1 and 36 @entity1 , with febrile @entity293 . Prepuces were classified by their retractability in the male @entity1 and in 714 healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-four percent of first febrile urinary infections occurred before 7 months of age in @entity1 , whereas only 37% of the @entity1 had first infections by that age. The prepuce covered the external urethral meatus in 96% of the healthy @entity1 aged 3 years or less. A gentle retraction maneuver could not uncover the urethral meatus in approximately 40% of the @entity1 aged 0-6 months. The frequency started to decline spontaneously after that age. Male @entity1 aged 0-6 months significantly more often had tightly covered meatus than did healthy neonates (85%vs 42%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that it is specifically those @entity1 whose external urethral meatus are tightly covered with foreskin who constitute the high-risk group for @entity293 . Awareness of this observation should help with diagnosing and managing @entity293 in young @entity1 .

title: Meatus tightly covered by the prepuce is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1378 is a known reversible cause of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, some @entity1 remain in @entity955 despite restoration of euthyroid status. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the electrophysiologic characteristics and long-term ablation outcome in @entity955 @entity1 with and without history of @entity1378 . METHODS: The study enrolled 717 consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 who underwent first @entity955 ablation, which involved @entity358 in paroxysmal @entity955 and additional substrate modification in nonparoxysmal @entity955 @entity1 . Eighty-four @entity1 (12%) with @entity1378 history were compared to those without. Euthyroid status was achieved for >= 3 months before ablation in @entity1378 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1378 history were associated with older age, more female gender, lower mean right atrial voltage, higher number of PV ectopic foci (1.3    0.4 vs 1.0    0.2, P < .01), and higher prevalence of non-PV foci (42% vs 23%, P < .01). Ectopic foci from ligament of Marshall were demonstrated more often in @entity1378 @entity1 (7.1% vs 1.6%, P < .01) in whom @entity285 ablations were required. After propensity score matching for potential covariates, history of @entity1378 was an independent predictor of @entity955 recurrence after single procedure (hazard ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.27-3.38). @entity955 recurrence rates after multiple procedures were not different between @entity1 with and those without @entity1378 history. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1378 history had a significantly higher number of PV ectopies and higher prevalence of non-PV ectopic foci compared to euthyroid @entity1 , which resulted in a higher @entity955 recurrence rate after a single procedure.

title: History of @entity1378 and long-term outcome of catheter ablation of drug-refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein (PV) isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: New oral contraceptives (OCs) include formulations with reduced @entity172 and @entity1871 doses intended to reduce cardiovascular risk and triphasic pills that allow maximum @entity134 concentrations to coincide with the luteinizing hormone LH surge. The risk of administering low @entity134 doses is that the antigonadotropic effect will be insufficient to inhibit endogenous @entity172 secretion in some @entity1 . Individual receptivity to sex @entity230 is known to be highly variable. Incomplete ovarian inhibition poses risks over the short and long terms of functional @entity42 and loss of the protective effects of higher dosed pills against @entity43 and @entity1558 . It is impossible to compare the different OC formulations because no truly comparative prospective studies have yet been done, the number of subjects in existing trials has been small, and the methods of measuring the different hormones and overall evaluation criteria have differed. Follow-up of subjects is variable, usually ranging from 1 to 12 months, but hormone levels vary at different durations of usage. Most studies have contained no statistical data. Available studies indicate that low-dose formulations in general provide a sufficient ovarian blockage. The @entity2270 is not as strongly inhibited except by OCs containing 50 mcg of @entity2082 (EE). Formulations containing the 3rd generation progestins have the strongest inhibiting effect. When EE doses decline from 30 to 20 mcg, the suppressive effect on ovarian activity usually persists, but 20 mcg of EE is not enough for some @entity1 . Unfortunately, no studies have examined the efficacy of a formulation with 30 mcg of EE in @entity1 insufficiently responding to 20 mcg. Results concerning the effect of 20 mcg formulations on the @entity2270 are contradictory; a crossover, double-blind, comparative study on a sufficient number of @entity1 will be required to evaluate definitively the effect of reduction from 30 to 20 mcg. From a practical standpoint, it is more interesting to compare clinical tolerance to the 30 and 20 mcg formulations. Available studies on breast effects and cycle control, the incidence of @entity42 , metabolic effects, and the persistence of other beneficial effects of higher-dosed OCs suggest that the disadvantages of reducing @entity172 doses are minor. The most important is the reduced protection against @entity42 observed in 2nd generation formulations. Because of the strong inhibition of ovarian activity and the powerful progestomimetic activity of the 3rd generation progestins, it is probable that ongoing studies will demonstrate that the beneficial effects of higher-dosed OCs persist. Cycle disturbances have not been observed with formulations containing at least 20 mcg of EE. Until definitive results become available, however, it is recommended that low-dose OCs be avoided in @entity1 requiring complete blockage of ovarian activity.

title: [Oral contraception: disadvantages of XXXX reduction].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamopituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Apolipoproteins (apo) B48 and B100 are exclusive markers of lipoproteins derived from the intestine and liver, respectively. Lipoproteins of hepatic origin are causally related to @entity731 and are found in plaque. However, lipoproteins of intestinal origin have not previously been reported in @entity1 @entity731 tissue, although studies in animal models suggest that chylomicrons may contribute to arterial @entity165 entrapment. In this study, we report on the relative distribution of both @entity755 and @entity755 in @entity1 @entity731 tissue. Lipoproteins were isolated from @entity1 femoral and carotid endarterectomy samples, from varicose vein and @entity449 . @entity755 was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified based on the signal to @entity755 and @entity755 protein standards of known mass. @entity755 and @entity755 were found in @entity1 carotid and femoral endarterectomy samples, but not in varicose vein or aortic @entity439 tissue. The level of @entity755 relative to hepatic lipoproteins (B100) was found to be much greater than would be predicted based on the relative plasma concentration and arterial exposure of the two lipoprotein groups. Intimal association was substantially greater in carotid endarterectomy samples compared to femoral, however, the ratio of chylomicrons to hepatic lipoproteins was greater in the latter. On the basis that chylomicron @entity755 was found in @entity1 @entity731 tissue and that each chylomicron particle contains substantial quantities of @entity165 , it is possible that the contribution of intestinal lipoproteins to @entity731 may be significant.

title: Identification of lipoproteins of intestinal origin in XXXX @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The PRECEDE model is a useful tool for planers to assess health problems, the behavioral and environmental causes of the problems, and their determinants. This study aims to understand the experiences of @entity1 and health care providers about the behavioral causes of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors and their determinants. METHODS: This qualitative study utilized content analysis approach based on the PRECEDE model. The study was conducted for over 6 months in 2012 at the @entity6 units of health centers associated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences, which is located in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews with 50 @entity1 and 12 health care providers. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection using the content analysis directed method. RESULTS: Stress, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity were the behaviors, which predict the risk factors for CVD. Most of the @entity1 considered stress as the most important underlying cause of their illness. In this study, 110 of the primary codes were categorized into seven subcategories, including knowledge, attitude, perceived susceptibility, severity, perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, which were located in the predisposing category of the PRECEDE model. Among these determinants, perceived barriers and self-efficacy for the mentioned behaviors seemed to be of great importance. CONCLUSION: Identifying behavioral determinants will help the planners design future programs and select the most appropriate methods and applications to address these determinants in order to reduce risky behaviors.

title: Behavioral determinants of XXXX risk factors: A qualitative directed content analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'CVDs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Sudden @entity1274 is typically treated with systemic @entity230 . The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of salvage intratympanic @entity134 treatment in @entity1 who have initial treatment failure with systemic @entity230 . A MEDLINE literature search was performed, supported by searches of Web of Science, Biosis, and Science Direct. Articles of all languages were included. Selection of relevant publications was conducted independently by three authors. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. In one arm of the studies, the @entity1 received salvage intratympanic @entity230 . In the other arm, @entity1 did not receive further treatment. The standard difference in mean (SDM) amount of improvement in hearing threshold between @entity1 who did and did not receive salvage intratympanic @entity230 was calculated. From an initial 184 studies found via the search strategy, 5 studies met inclusion criteria and were included. There was a statistically significant greater reduction in hearing threshold on pure-tone audiometry in @entity1 who received salvage intratympanic @entity230 than in those who did not ( @entity2832  =  -0.401, p  =  0.005). Subgroup analysis showed that administration by intratympanic injection (SDM  =  -0.375, p  =  0.013) rather than a round window catheter (SDM  =  -0.629, p  =  0.160) yielded significant improvement in outcome. The usage of @entity619 yielded better outcomes (SDM  =  -0.379, p  =  0.039) than the use of @entity1667 (SDM  =  -0.459, p  =  0.187). No serious side effect of treatment was reported. In @entity1 who have failed initial treatment with systemic @entity230 , additional treatment with salvage intratympanic dexamethasone injections demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the hearing thresholds as compared to controls.

title: Intratympanic XXXX as a salvage treatment for sudden @entity1274 ? A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: The objective of this observational study was to compare the efficacy of @entity4677 and @entity1771 during the first 15 days of add-on treatment in adults with refractory partial @entity302 . Two cohorts of @entity1 with > or =3 simple or complex partial @entity410 with or without secondary generalisation per month over an 8-week baseline period received @entity4677 or @entity1771 in two distinct phases, in addition to standard antiepileptic treatment. During the first 15 days of the therapy, @entity4677 was added at the dosage of 250 mg b.i.d. or @entity1771 at 25mg o.i.d. Efficacy parameters included number of @entity410 ( @entity410 ), mean and percent reduction in @entity410 frequency (in general and by type), and number of @entity410 -free @entity1 in the first 15 days of treatment compared to last 15 days of the baseline period. Sixty-one @entity1 received @entity4677 and 61 @entity1771 . The general characteristics of the two treatment groups were similar. The total number of @entity410 during 15 days before treatment was 637 with @entity4677 and 621 with @entity1771 ; in the 15-day evaluation period the @entity410 increased to 748 (17.4%) and 668 (7.6%), respectively (ANOVA, p<0.05). Twenty-six @entity1 (42.6%) taking @entity4677 were @entity410 free compared to 10 (16.4%) receiving @entity1771 (chi-square, p=0.003). This open-label non-controlled study suggests an early efficacy of @entity4677 as add-on therapy in @entity1 with refractory partial @entity302 : these results appear to confirm previous indications of a rapid onset of action and seem to suggest first evaluation of the @entity1 at the dose of 500 mg/day before increasing to the considered minimum standard dose of 1000 mg/day, as some @entity1 could respond to the starting dose.

title: Evidence for a rapid action of @entity4677 compared to @entity1771 in refractory partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'seizure-free days', 'SFDs']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity3069 . @entity3068 causes @entity3068 , a @entity32 of the intestine that affects many species, including primates. Infection is widespread in livestock, and @entity1 populations are exposed. @entity3068 is associated with @entity1200 , with @entity3002 overlapping with features of @entity1744 in @entity1 . The present study was designed to look for an association between @entity3069 . @entity281 and @entity1744 . Mucosal biopsy specimens from the ileum and the ascending and descending colon were obtained from @entity1 with @entity1744 attending the University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy. @entity30 and healthy control groups were also included. @entity3069 . @entity3068 was detected by IS900 PCR with amplicon sequencing. Data on the potential risk factors for @entity1 exposure to these pathogens and on isolates from Sardinian dairy @entity742 were also obtained. @entity3069 . @entity3068 was detected in 15 of 20 (75%) @entity1 with @entity1744 , 3 of 20 (15%) healthy controls, and 20 of 23 (87%) @entity1 with @entity30 (P = 0.0003 for @entity1744 @entity1 versus healthy controls and P = 0.0000 for @entity30 @entity1 versus healthy controls). One subject in each group had a conserved single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 247 of IS900 that was also found in isolates from seven of eight dairy @entity742 . There was a significant association (P = 0.0018) between @entity3069 . @entity281 and the consumption of hand-made cheese. @entity3069 . @entity3068 is a candidate pathogen in the causation of a proportion of cases of @entity1744 as well as in @entity30 .

title: XXXX @entity281 in cases of @entity1744 and comparison with @entity30 and @entity3068 : common neural and immune pathogenicities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['involvement of the enteric nervous system']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis', "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium subspecies']


abstract: The effect of chronic @entity167 consumption on the skeleton was investigated in @entity35 . The treated group received @entity1068 administered as 38% of caloric intake in a liquid diet (Sustacal) for 10 months. The control @entity35 were pair weighted to the @entity1068 -treated animals throughout the study; the growth curves of the two groups were the same. The controls were given the same liquid diet except that dextrin: @entity7969 (3:1) was substituted isocalorically for @entity1068 . @entity1068 -treated @entity35 did not differ from the pair-weighted controls in mean serum @entity460 , phosphorous, or @entity1011 . In contrast, serum @entity1760 was reduced (p less than 0.02) in @entity167 -treated @entity35 . @entity1068 treatment also resulted in changes in the serum concentrations of @entity560 metabolites; serum @entity14951 was increased (p less than 0.001), while serum @entity3873 was decreased (p less than 0.01). Tibial length was reduced in @entity1068 -treated @entity35 (p less than 0.05) but there was no change in femoral length. Medullary area was increased in tibial diaphyses from @entity167 -treated @entity35 compared to weight matched control animals (p less than 0.01), indicating a net increase in resorption. The cross-sectional area of the tibial diaphysis of @entity1068 -treated @entity35 was the same as the matched controls. Trabecular bone was decreased in the tibial metaphysis of @entity1068 -treated @entity35 compared to the matched controls (p less than 0.05) indicating a net loss of trabecular bone. @entity1068 treatment did not have an effect on the organic weight of the femur but the ash weight was reduced (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chronic @entity167 treatment results in disturbed @entity560 metabolism and skeletal abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reducing particle size of salt to approximately 1.5  m would increase its surface area, leading to increased dissolution rate in saliva and more efficient transfer of ions to taste buds, and hence, perhaps, a saltier perception of foods. This has a potential for reducing the salt level in surface-salted foods. Our objective was to develop a salt using a nano spray-drying method, to use the developed nano spray-dried salt in surface-salted cheese cracker manufacture, and to evaluate the microbiological and sensory characteristics of cheese crackers. @entity2827 solution (3% wt/wt) was sprayed through a nano spray dryer. Particle sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering, and particle shapes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Approximately 80% of the salt particles produced by the nano spray dryer, when drying a 3% (wt/wt) salt solution, were between 500 and 1,900 nm. Cheese cracker treatments consisted of 3 different salt sizes: regular salt with an average particle size of 1,500  m; a commercially available Microsized 95 Extra Fine Salt (Cargill Salt, Minneapolis, MN) with an average particle size of 15  m; and nano spray-dried salt with an average particle size of 1.5  m, manufactured in our laboratory and 3 different salt concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2% wt/wt). A balanced @entity616 was used to conduct consumer analysis of cheese crackers with nano spray-dried salt (1, 1.5, and 2%), Microsized salt (1, 1.5, and 2%) and regular 2% (control, as used by industry) using 476 @entity1 at 1 wk and 4 mo. At 4 mo, nano spray-dried salt treatments (1, 1.5, and 2%) had significantly higher preferred saltiness scores than the control (regular 2%). Also, at 4 mo, nano spray-dried salt (1.5 and 2%) had significantly more just-about-right saltiness scores than control (regular 2%). Consumers' purchase intent increased by 25% for the nano spray-dried salt at 1.5% after they were notified about the 25% reduction in @entity1372 content of the cheese cracker. We detected significantly lower @entity375 counts for nano spray-dried salt treatments (1, 1.5, and 2%) at 4 mo compared with control (regular) salt (1, 1.5 and 2%). We detected no mold growth in any of the treatments at any time. At 4 mo, we found no significant differences in sensory color, aroma, crunchiness, overall liking, or acceptability scores of cheese crackers using 1.5 and 1% nano spray-dried salt compared with control. Therefore, 25 to 50% less salt would be suitable for cheese crackers if the particle size of regular salt was reduced 3 log to form nano spray-dried salt. A 3-log reduction in @entity2827 particle size from regular salt to nano spray-dried salt increased saltiness, but a 1-log reduction in salt size from Microsized salt to nano spray-dried salt did not increase saltiness of surface-salted cheese crackers. The use of salt with reduced particle size by nano spray drying is recommended for use in surface-salted cheese crackers to reduce @entity1372 intake.

title: Nano spray-dried XXXX and its effects on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of surface-salted cheese crackers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride', 'Sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete block design']

answer: @entity2827 :: (MESH:D012965,Chemical) :: ['sodium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lignocellulosic biomass from plant biomass, especially softwoods, are well-known to present difficulties during attempts at hydrolysis due to their rigid structure. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (ILs) is attractive as this requires to a low input of energy. However, IL pretreatment has the disadvantage of the presence of large amounts of water. Recently, it was reported that a small amount of acid has a positive effect on the degradation of biomass in IL with water. In this study the pretreatment of @entity12261 , the most abundant softwood in Japan, was investigated using a combination of IL, acid and metal ions. RESULTS: First, the novel ionic liquid pretreatment was investigated by changing the pretreatment solvent and the anti-solvent. A mixture of IL, acid and @entity1933 ( @entity596 ) ion was most effective for pretreatment, and an @entity1324 -water mixture was also most effective on the precipitation of biomass. These optimized pretreatment combinations attained a higher degree of @entity413 release from the pretreated biomass. The amount of cellulose was concentrated from to a level of 36 to 84% of the insoluble fraction by the optimized pretreatment. Based on this result, it was assumed that the extraction of the lignin fraction from the biomass into an anti-solvent solution was attained. Finally, this optimized pretreatment was applied to the enzymatic hydrolysis of @entity12261 at high-solid biomass loading, and 110  g/L of @entity413 production was attained. In addition, the @entity1068 fermentation with this hydrolyzed solution by @entity375 achieved 50  g/L @entity1068 production, and this yield reached 90% of the theoretical yield. CONCLUSIONS: We developed an effective pretreatment protocol by changing to a pretreatment solvent containing IL, acid, metal ion and anti-solvent. The optimized pretreatment has an effect on softwood and separately retrieved lignin as a by-product. The saccharified solution at high-solid biomass loading was converted to @entity1068 in a high yield. This proposed methodology would boost the performance of the bioconversion of low-cost materials to other chemicals, and would not be limited to only @entity1068 but also would include other target chemicals.

title: Pretreatment of XXXX by ionic liquid solutions in combination with acid and metal ion and its application to high solid loading.

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['ferric oxide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12261 :: (3369,Species) :: ['Japanese cedar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rare de novo mutations have been implicated as a significant cause of idiopathic @entity717 . Large deletions encompassing 10p11.23 have been implicated in @entity245 , @entity854 and @entity154 , but the genotype-phenotype correlation was not delineated. Mutations in WAC have been recently reported in large screening cohorts of @entity1 with @entity717 or @entity2438 , but no full phenotypic characterisation was described. METHODS: Clinical and molecular characterisation of six @entity1 with loss-of-function WAC mutations identified by whole exome sequencing was performed. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review, parental interviews, direct @entity1 interaction and formal neuropsychological evaluation. RESULTS: Five heterozygous de novo WAC mutations were identified in six @entity1 . Three of the mutations were nonsense, and two were frameshift; all are predicted to cause loss of function either through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or protein truncation. Clinical findings included @entity245 (6/6), @entity2421 (6/6), behavioural problems (5/6), @entity735 (5/6), @entity1142 (5/6), feeding difficulties (4/6), @entity410 (2/6) and sleep problems (2/6). All @entity1 exhibited common @entity154 , including broad/prominent forehead, @entity25221 , @entity308 nasal bridge and bulbous nasal tip. @entity717 , @entity735 , thin upper lip, inverted nipples, @entity393 and @entity5816 were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our case series show that loss-of-function mutations in WAC cause a recognisable @entity74 characterised by a neurocognitive phenotype and @entity154 . Our data highly suggest that WAC haploinsufficiency is responsible for most of the phenotypic features associated with deletions encompassing 10p11.23.

title: WAC loss-of-function mutations cause a recognisable syndrome characterised by XXXX , @entity245 and @entity2421 and recapitulate 10p11.23 microdeletion syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features', 'facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity25221 :: ('MESH:C536084', 'Disease') :: ['synophrys and/or bushy eyebrows']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye abnormalities', 'hirsutism, deep-set eyes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Posteriorly rotated ears', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity5816 :: ('MESH:C562384', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['dysmorphic features']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botanical and microbial insecticides have been increasingly used for the control of mosquito given their efficacy and documented nontoxic effects on non-target organisms. The discovery of new insecticides is imperative because of the development of resistance by the mosquitoes to the readily available insecticides. The aim of this study was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from a local medicinal plant, Quassia africana Baill and Baill (Simaroubaceae) that were toxic to @entity313 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The @entity1042 extracts of the leaves, stem and roots of Quassia africana were tested against fourth instar larvae of An. gambiae. The root extract was partitioned into @entity4315 , @entity3636 and @entity1046 and the resulting extracts screened for larvicidal properties. The extracts and the fraction with the highest bioactivity were subjected to repeated column chromatography and isolated compounds evaluated for potential @entity137 to An. gambiae larvae. The structure of the active compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The root extract showed the strongest activity profile (LC50 = 17.58   g/mL). The @entity3636 soluble fraction obtained after partitioning the crude extract into solvents based on polarities was the most toxic. Further bio-activity-guided chromatographic separation of the @entity3636 fraction of the root extract led to the identification and isolation of a @entity64865 as the larvicidal compound in Q. africana (LC50 = 1.25   g/mL). RESULTS: Results suggest that Q. africana may serve as a source for vector control agent for @entity311 . CONCLUSION: @entity64865 was identified as the larvicidal compound in Q. africana (LC50 = 1.25   g/mL).

title: Larvicidal properties of simalikalactone D from Quassia africana (Simaroubaceae) Baill and Baill, on the XXXX vector @entity313 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity64865 :: ('MESH:C024970', 'Chemical') :: ['Simalikalactone D', 'simalikalactone D']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic vs. laparotomic surgery for the treatment of @entity6118 with @entity5990 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 were treated with splenectomy and cholecystectomy using either totally laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic group) or laparotomy (laparotomy group). The outcomes were duration of the surgery, intraoperative @entity548 volume, @entity260 , and number of postoperative hospitalization days. RESULTS: There was no difference in the duration of the surgery between both groups. No @entity1 experienced @entity3816 . There were postoperative @entity1143 (N.=3) and @entity548 at the puncture site (N.=1) in laparoscopic group, and postoperative @entity1143 (N.=2), incision @entity281 (N.=2) and peritoneal effusion (N.=1) in laparotomy group. The length of postoperative hospitalization was markedly shorter in laparoscopic group. The follow-up for 3 to 15 months after the surgery demonstrated that @entity6118 was corrected in all @entity1 . All blood markers (white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin) recovered to normal levels. The portal vein @entity715 occurred in 6 @entity1 of laparoscopic group and 5 @entity1 of laparotomy group; this was controlled by oral administration of @entity1229 and enteric coated @entity117 capsules. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment efficacy is comparable between laparoscopic surgery and traditional laparotomy. Laparoscopic surgery is more advantageous because of smaller @entity130 , faster postoperative recovery, and minimal invasiveness.

title: Laparoscopic surgery is more advantageous than laparotomic surgery for treatment of @entity6118 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstones']