abstract: In spite of a strong physiological rationale, @entity6 as a factor causing increased incidence of wound complications in surgical wounds is not entirely supported by literature. How tight should be the peri-operative blood @entity413 control remains a controversy. This study describes the experience in @entity1 with clean and clean contaminated surgical wounds admitted in this hospital. A prospective observational study included data of 489 @entity1 with clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds collected serially on randomly assigned days. The data included available factors associated with wound healing along with the @entity6 and non- @entity6 status of the @entity1 . It also included the blood @entity413 values in peri- operative period, available values in the recent past, and the duration for which @entity6 was known, in @entity6 @entity1 . The study attempted to find a relation between these factors and affected wound healing, which was monitored on the 3rd day, suture removal day and one month from the surgery. Out of 489 @entity1 , 95 (19.4%) were @entity6 and 394 (80.6%) nondiabetics. Complications were seen in 36 @entity1 (7.4%). Ten (10.5%) out of 95 @entity2412 while 26 (6.6%) of the 394 non- @entity2412 . This 1.7 times increased risk in @entity6 was statistically not significant (p > 0.1). In non- @entity6 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 with a BMI of less than 18 kg/m2 had complicated wounds against 186 in those having a BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 (p = 0.087). In @entity6 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 with a leucocytosis more than 11000/cmm had affected wound healing, as against 77 in those with a total leucocyte count less that 11000/cmm (p = 0.086). As against this, in non- @entity6 , 52 @entity1 with total leucocyte count more than 11000/cmm had complications against 342 with a count below 11000/cmm (p > 0.1). In the whole group, 10% of @entity1 with wound at a location other than a joint had complications, as against 2% in those with a wound on a joint (p = 0.041). No association could be obtained between mean peri-operative random blood @entity413 levels; maximum blood @entity413 level on first postoperative day; mean postprandial blood @entity413 in the recent past; duration of @entity6 and increased incidence of affected wounds.

title: Comparison of healing of surgical wounds between XXXX and non- @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics suffered complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: A @entity817 somatic mutation at residue 600 of the @entity817 protein (BRAFV600E) is highly prevalent in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). This mutation occurs in approximately 44% (from 29% to 83%) of @entity3557 depending on the different studies. BRAFV600E is almost always found in @entity3557 with a papillary or a mixed follicular/papillary architecture, being rarer in other subtypes of @entity3557 . The discovery of the BRAFV600E mutation in tissue and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is diagnostic for @entity3557 and has been frequently associated with worse clinical prognosis. However, some studies failed to reveal this prognostic association. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of @entity3557 with a @entity817 mutation has been evaluated in some recent studies. Current therapeutic approaches targeting @entity817 are being tested in clinical trials, particularly in more aggressive @entity3557 . In this review, we will first discuss the diagnostic value of a @entity817 mutation for @entity3557 diagnosis. The prognostic role of a BRAFV600E mutation is then outlined and discussed in the context of other well-accepted clinicopathological prognostic parameters for @entity3557 (age, gender, pTNM stage, histological subtype). Finally, the currently and potentially used treatments targeting @entity817 in @entity1 with @entity3557 are presented.

title: Clinical impact of the detection of XXXX mutations in thyroid pathology: potential usefulness as diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic applications.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Causes of permanent @entity717 in the sheet metal industry are not well characterized. METHODS: Pension records were used to compare causes of disability among sheet metal workers and the U.S. working population. Subgroup analysis examined the major causes of sheet metal worker disability. RESULTS: @entity85 ( @entity85 ), circulatory disease, and injuries were leading causes of sheet metal worker disability (47.2%, 13.7%, 10.9% of awards, respectively). Award distribution differed from the U.S. working population (P   <   0.0001); @entity85 and injuries accounted for higher proportions of sheet metal worker awards, particularly at spine, shoulder, and knee. CONCLUSIONS: Higher proportions of awards caused by @entity11159 or injury among sheet metal workers may reflect higher rates of work-related injuries and @entity85 , a high likelihood of disability with construction work given the same impairment, or higher prevalence of other conditions in the general population. Prevention requires task-specific ergonomic innovations and proven participatory interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:186-195, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: An analysis of permanent XXXX among construction sheet metal workers.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['work disability']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the most common @entity5 of the liver and is the fifth most common @entity5 in the world; its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Extrahepatic spread is present at the time of diagnosis in only about 5 to 15% of @entity1 . Skeletal metastasis of @entity157 occurs less frequently compared with other @entity5 and is considered a rare primary form of presentation. We report two cases of unsuspected @entity157 presenting with @entity79 as the initial presentation. The first @entity1 was a 76-year-old @entity1 with symptoms of @entity615 . The PET-CT revealed the hypercaptant @entity79 and a @entity409 . The pathology report showed that the metastases were positive for the hepatic marker HEPAR-1, indicating that they had originated from the @entity157 . The second @entity1 was a 56-year-old @entity1 . He presented to the emergency department for right shoulder @entity158 and weakness of the entire right arm with no history of @entity130 . During hospitalization, the @entity1 became @entity1688 . MRI revealed @entity75 in the cervical vertebrae and right shoulder. A CT-guided biopsy was performed in the @entity75 and showed poorly differentiated @entity189 . Immunohistochemistry staining was positive for HEPAR-1. In conclusion, this cases show an unusual presentation of @entity157 with skeletal metastasis.

title: Bone metastases as the initial presentation of XXXX . Two case reports and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osseous blastic lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and back pain']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'multiple bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity778 typically causes mild @entity779 , but, in severe cases, life-threatening @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) and @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) occur. The pathophysiological hallmark of @entity7643 and @entity7643 is plasma leakage that leads to enhanced vascular permeability, likely due to a cytokine storm. METHODS:    Ninety @entity1 with @entity779 during 2010-2012 in Singapore were prospectively recruited and stratified according to their disease phase, primary and secondary infection status, and disease severity, measured by plasma leakage. Clinical parameters were recorded throughout the disease progression. The levels of various immune mediators were quantified using comprehensive multiplex microbead-based immunoassays for 46 immune mediators. RESULTS:    Associations between clinical parameters and immune mediators were analyzed using various statistical methods. Potential immune markers, including interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, interferon y-inducible protein 10, @entity11968 , soluble p75 @entity5 @entity39 factor a receptor, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and @entity1476 , were significantly associated with significant plasma leakage. @entity778 were also shown to influence disease outcome in terms of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS:    This study identified several key markers for exacerbated @entity779 pathogenesis, notably plasma leakage. This will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of @entity7643 and @entity7643 in @entity1 with @entity779 .

title: Severity of Plasma Leakage Is Associated With High Levels of Interferon y-Inducible Protein 10, @entity11968 , @entity1476 ( XXXX ), and MMP-9 During @entity778 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue virus infection', 'Secondary dengue virus infections']

entities_list: @entity11968 :: ('3082', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte growth factor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome', 'DHF', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report two cases of @entity1713 in young @entity1 with @entity483 masquerading as acute @entity5863 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational clinical case reports. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity483 presenting with acute @entity5863 and subsequently diagnosed with @entity1713 at the Singapore National Eye Centre. METHODS: A review of the clinical case records. RESULTS: Two young @entity1 aged 19 and 21 years with a history of @entity483 presented with acute unilateral moderately severe @entity5863 . Both developed rapidly progressing @entity231 that made detailed visualization of the fundus difficult. @entity8814 persisted in one eye despite partial response of @entity1596 to therapy. The other @entity1 developed @entity2790 when the vision in the affected eye suddenly deteriorated. Both eyes demonstrated partial response to @entity134 therapy. The diagnosis of shallow @entity1713 with anteriorly located incriminating @entity937 was made after partial resolution of vitreous haze in one case and on repeated ultrasonography in the other case. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is required when examining young @entity1 with @entity483 who present with acute @entity5863 and a rapidly progressive @entity231 , which may mask the presence of a shallow @entity1713 .

title: @entity1713 in @entity483 can masquerade as acute @entity5863 with rapidly progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical treatment modality and prognosis of @entity151 ( @entity4153 ). METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 77 @entity4153 @entity1 who were admitted to our department after 2002. RESULTS: The disease was limited in 43 @entity1 and extensive in 34 @entity1 . For @entity1 with limited @entity4153 , the 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rate was 80%, 56%, and 21%, respectively. Four @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection were all alive. Among @entity1 who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, salvage chemotherapy, and salvage chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, the median of survival period was 51 months, 12 months, and 28 months, respectively. For @entity1 with extensive @entity4153 , the 1-year and 2-year survival rate was 56% and 25%, respectively. The median of survival period was 14.3 months. Stage was an independent factor in multifactor COX regression. Monofactor COX regression showed that radiotherapy and resection were factors correlated with survival. Brain @entity3 had no impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy is preferred for limited @entity4153 , while surgical resection remains questionable for early-stage @entity1 . For extensive @entity4153 , multi-line chemotherapy may be helpful to improve the overall survival. Stage is an independent factor for predicting the prognosis.

title: [Treatment and prognosis of 77 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1 nasal mucosal mast cells contain and secrete @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , which in turn can stimulate @entity112 secretion by these cells. @entity3027 can inhibit @entity310 secretion by mast cells in vitro. We have addressed the interrelationships between @entity3027 and the content in @entity310 and number of mast cells in vivo, in the @entity1 nasal mucosa. Biopsies were taken from two healthy control @entity1 , two @entity56 @entity1 and two more @entity56 @entity1 treated topically with @entity3027 for two weeks; biopsies from the last two @entity1 were taken both before and after stimulation with the specific allergen. Mast cells were counted upon tagging with rhodaminated avidin and by indirect immunofluorescence for @entity310 . Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Mast cell numbers were significantly lower in all @entity56 @entity1 than in controls (P<0.001). Upon @entity3027 treatment, @entity310 positive mast cells were less than in @entity56 , untreated @entity1 and the opposite was true for @entity310 negative mast cells (p<0.05). Allergen challenge caused selective, significant decrease only in the number of @entity310 negative mast cells (p<0.05). The results suggest that upon topical @entity3027 treatment: (1) mast cells stores of @entity310 in the nasal mucosa of @entity56 @entity1 are decreased; and (2) only @entity310 negative cells degranulate in response to allergen challenge. Therefore, one may expect that such a treatment reduces the @entity310 burden to the mucosa in these @entity1 .

title: Interferon-alpha affects the @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha content of mast cells in @entity1 nasal mucosa. A pilot study in @entity56 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'Interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Two prolactin receptors (PRLRs) encoded by two different genes were identified in the fugu and @entity3392 genomes but not in the genomes of other vertebrates. Subsequently, two cDNA sequences corresponding to two PRLRs were identified in black seabream and @entity6373 . Phylogenetic analysis of @entity12595 sequences in various vertebrates indicated that the coexistence of two PRLRs in a single species is a unique phenomenon in teleosts. Both PRLRs in teleosts (the classical one named as PRLR1, the newly identified one as PRLR2) resemble the long-form @entity1 PRLRs. However, despite their overall structural similarities, the two @entity12595 subtypes in fish share very low @entity535 similarities (about 30%), mainly due to differences in the intracellular domain. In particular, the Box 2 region and some intracellular @entity669 residues are missing in PRLR2. Tissue distribution study by real-time PCR in black seabream (sb) revealed that both receptors (sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2) are widely expressed in different tissues. In gill, the expression level of sbPRLR2 is much higher than that of sbPRLR1. In the intestine, the expression of sbPRLR1 is higher than that of sbPRLR2. The expression levels of both receptors are relatively low in most other tissues, with sbPRLR1 generally higher than sbPRLR2. The sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2 were functionally expressed in cultured @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells. Both receptors can activate the beta-casein and @entity1639 promoters; however, only sbPRLR1 but not sbPRLR2 can activate the @entity3507 promoter upon receptor stimulation in a ligand-specific manner. These results indicate that both receptors share some common functions but are distinctly different from each other in mobilizing post-receptor events. When challenged with different @entity134 hormones, the two PRLRs exhibited very different gene expression patterns in the seabream kidney. The sbPRLR1 expression was up-regulated by @entity53 and @entity701 , whereas @entity251 had no significant effect. For sbPRLR2, its expression was down-regulated by @entity53 and @entity251 , while @entity701 exerted no significant effect. The 5'-flanking regions of the sbPRLR1 and sbPRLR2 genes were cloned and the promoter activities were studied in transfected GAKS cells in the absence or presence of different @entity134 hormones. The results of the promoter studies were in general agreement with the in vivo hormonal regulation of gene expression results. The sbPRLR1 gene promoter activity was activated by @entity53 and @entity701 , but not by @entity251 . In contrast, the sbPRLR2 gene promoter activity was inhibited by @entity53 , @entity701 , and @entity251 .

title: The presence of two distinct prolactin receptors in seabream with different tissue distribution patterns, signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression by XXXX hormones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['Nile tilapia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a broad class of non glucocorticoid drugs which are extensively used in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic therapies. However, NSAIDs may cause many side effects, most commonly in gastrointestinal(GI) tract. Cardiovascular system, kidney, liver, central nervous system and hematopoietic system are also involved. @entity17175 -induced GI side effects not only endanger the @entity1 ' health, increase mortality, but also greatly increase the cost of medical care. Therefore, how to reduce GI side effects is of particular concern to clinicians. The Chinese @entity627 Data Center(CRDC) and Chinese @entity1252 Treatment and Research Group(CSTAR) compose a "Recommendation for the prevention and treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced @entity344 and its complications" , as following: (1) @entity75 are the most common side effects of NSAIDs. (2) @entity17175 -induced GI side effects include @entity3621 , @entity2910 , @entity2275 , @entity548 , perforation and obstruction. (3) With the application of capsule endoscopy and small intestinal endoscopy, growing attention is being paid to the NASID-induced small intestine mucosa damage, which is mainly erosion and @entity1066 . (4) Risk factors related to @entity17175 -induced @entity1066 include: @entity1534 (Hp) infection, age> 65 years, past history of @entity1066 , high doses of NSAIDs, multiple-drug combination therapy, and comorbidities, such as @entity65 and @entity8 .(5) GI and cardiovascular function should be evaluated before using NSAIDs and gastric mucosal protective agents. (6) The risk of @entity1066 and complications caused by selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors is less than that of non-selective COX-2 inhibitors. (7)Hp eradication therapy helps to cure @entity1066 and prevent recurrence when @entity13639 is positive in @entity17175 -induced @entity1066 . (8) Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is the first choice for the prevention and treatment of @entity17175 -induced @entity130 . Gastric mucosal protective agents also suggested.(9) H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) can reduce the risk of @entity17175 -induced @entity130 , however, the therapeutic effect of @entity17175 -induced @entity2275 remains to be further confirmed. (10) Endoscopic treatment is the first recommendation for @entity17175 -induced peptic @entity1066 combined with upper @entity548 , high-dose PPI effectively prevent rebleeding, reduce the possibility of surgery and mortality rate.

title: [Recommendation for the prevention and treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced XXXX and its complications].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['GI lesions']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers', 'ulcer', 'GI ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Hp infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal injury', 'GI injury']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal ulcers']


abstract: In his interesting article (MJA, June 27), Professor Shearman is impressed because he cannot identify the 'excess @entity204 ' attributable to oral contraceptive (OC) use in the Australian mortality statistics. We have recently published an analysis of trends in @entity65 mortality in England and Wales, and one of our major conclusions was that 'examination of deathrates for @entity65 is not a particularly appropriate method for detecting the vascular risks of OCs'. Those readers who are interested in this problem may find our paper helpful. Among the points which must be taken into account in analysis include the following. 1. OCs are shown to be clearly related only to @entity1211 , @entity583 , and @entity64 . The data for @entity64 , while reasonably convincing, are less consistent and any increase in risk in OC users is probably small. 2. The Royal College of General Practitioners Study provides only 1 set of estimates of relative risk; findings in the numberous other studies should not be ignored. 3. OC use is concentrated among those under age 25 while @entity65 is concentrated among those 35 or older. Furthermore, almost all evidence linking OC use to fatal @entity66 relates to @entity1 over 30. 4. @entity65 have a complex, multifactorial etiology. A favorable change in 1 risk factor could, quite easily, counteract an unfavorable trend in another. 5. There have been many changes over the years in the formulation of OCs and in the way they are used. For example, we now have data which suggest that older @entity1 with recognized cardiovascular risk factors are only very infrequently given OCs. Such changes in prescribing practice could profoundly modify the proportion of @entity65 which might be pill-induced. Apart from questioning where the excess @entity204 are, Professor Shearman makes a number of other points in his paper which will not be discussed here. Latest reports from the Royal College of General Practitioners Study and the Oxford Family Planning Association Study draw attention to the fact that fatal @entity65 from pill use are strongly concentrated in those over 35, and especially in those who smoke. Accordingly, we believe that, on the basis of known cardiovascular risks, many young @entity1 may unnecessarily be deprived of the benefits of OC use.

title: Oral contraceptives: where are the excess XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovasxular disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to validate a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in identifying and quantifying @entity3841 , @entity2523 and @entity3289 from @entity527 samples taken from subjects with different periodontal conditions, when compared with conventional cultural procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-two adult subjects participated in this study, 32 with @entity2521 , 30 with @entity2522 and 30 healthy. A pooled subgingival sample was obtained from every @entity1 . Culturing procedures were carried out using standard techniques. For real-time PCR analysis, primers were selected from sequences of the LktC (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Arg-gingipain ( @entity2523 ) and BspA antigen ( @entity3289 ) genes. Contingency tables were constructed to compare the qualitative results, while quantitative data were evaluated by paired t-test. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was the least frequently recovered species with both techniques. Prevalence of @entity2523 was low in healthy @entity1 , increased in @entity2522 and peaked in @entity2521 @entity1 . The frequency of detection of @entity3289 showed marked differences between culture and PCR, although the same tendency of an increase in prevalence from health to @entity2522 and to @entity2521 was observed with both methods. Contingency tables demonstrated a good level of agreement between PCR and culture procedures for A. actinomycetemcomitans and @entity2523 , especially in @entity2521 @entity1 . @entity2523 culture counts were significantly higher than those obtained by PCR. The opposite was true for @entity3289 , and statistically significant higher counts were obtained by PCR for @entity2522 and @entity2521 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a good agreement between the quantitative PCR technology and the culture procedure. The high sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR technology justify its use in epidemiological studies and as an adjunct in clinical diagnosis of periodontal @entity1 .

title: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction versus culture: a comparison between two methods for the detection and quantification of @entity3841 , @entity2523 and @entity3289 in XXXX samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythensis', 'T. forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['subgingival plaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6371 ( @entity378 ) remains extremely difficult to treat because there are often few remaining active medications and limited diagnostic options to detect resistance. Resistance to @entity3109 is typically caused by mutations in either katG or the @entity11225 promoter. @entity11225 mutations confer low-level resistance to @entity3109 and cross-resistance to @entity8295 while katG mutations confer high-level @entity3109 resistance and no cross-resistance. Line Probe Assays (LPAs) that detect mutations in katG and @entity11225 are currently performed on all positive @entity378 cultures in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, but the frequency of @entity11225 mutations in drug-resistant @entity378 @entity1 has not been examined. METHODS: We sought to determine the proportion of @entity1 who could potentially benefit from high-dose @entity3109 and who may be resistant to @entity8295 . We reviewed 994 @entity4991 (Hain MTBDRplus) results at the @entity378 reference laboratory in KwaZulu-Natal to determine the frequency of mutations in either katG or the @entity11225 promoter. We stratified these results by drug-resistance category (i.e., @entity6371 , pre- @entity378 , and @entity378 ) as determined by phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Among MDR- and @entity378 isolates, the prevalence of @entity11225 mutations without a concurrent katG mutation was 14.8% and 10.3% respectively. The prevalence of @entity11225 mutations with OR without a katG mutation was 30.3% and 82.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: More than 10% of @entity1 with MDR- and @entity378 may benefit from high-dose @entity3109 . Although @entity8295 is empirically included in all MDR- and @entity378 regimens, nearly a third of @entity6371 @entity1 and a majority of @entity378 @entity1 likely have resistance to @entity8295 . Laboratories performing line probe assays should report specific band patterns so that clinicians may adjust treatment regimens accordingly.

title: High Prevalence of @entity11225 Promoter Mutations among XXXX with @entity6371 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'Drug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity8295 :: ('MESH:D005000', 'Chemical') :: ['ethionamide']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Fifty-seven @entity1 with metastatic @entity2 were treated with either high-dose @entity786 (Cy) alone or with a combination of high dose Cy and @entity617 ( @entity16723 ) 100 mg/m2 orally daily for two days. The Cy was given IV on three occasions, at 1.5 g/m2, 2.5 g/m2 and 3.5 g/m2 with three-week intervals between courses. The overall response rate was 57% (18% CR), a median survival of 24 weeks (range, 6--130) for Cy alone, and 24% (3% CR), a median of 14 weeks (range, 1--94) for Cy + Pred. @entity1 with @entity4153 given Cy alone had a 69% response rate (19% CR), a median survival of seven months, and with non-small cell pathologic conditions 42% (16% CR), a median survival of 16 weeks. Performance scores and survival were better for responding @entity1 . Addition of Pred did not improve the therapeutic efficacy of high dose Cy or ameliorate @entity137 . No marked or unexpected @entity137 was observed with the high-dose Cy regimen. The blood counts had returned to normal by three weeks in the great majority of @entity1 . A short course of high-dose Cy was not associated with unacceptable side effects and the therapeutic results obtained were superior to those described for Cy at conventional dosage. High-dose Cy is of value to @entity1 with @entity2 , and the incorporation of the regimen into chemotherapeutic combinations could be advantageous.

title: Intermittent high-dose @entity786 with and without XXXX : a study of the relationships between @entity137 , response and survival in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Structured @entity1 education aiming to improve self-management strategies might be beneficial for @entity2690 -treated @entity6 @entity1 . However, in previous studies the extent of the benefit has been inconsistent in different subgroups of @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the potential benefit of a structured inpatient-education program for intensive @entity2690 therapy according to the basal-bolus concept with particular emphasis on self-management strategies. METHODS: We included 81 @entity6 @entity1 (59 with @entity164 1, 14 with @entity1605 , eight with other forms) in this retrospective longitudinal study; all had completed the training program on eight consecutive days at a university clinic between 2003 and 2005. Data assessment included HbA1c, LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 and BMI at baseline (0-15 months before the training) and after 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 months. RESULTS: A transient decrease of HbA1c (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.04-0.37, P = 0.017) and LDL- @entity165 levels (9.95 mg/dl, 95% CI: 2.24-17.76, P = 0.013) between baseline and the first follow-up examination was observed in the group overall. Thereafter, HbA1c and LDL- @entity165 were similar to baseline, whereas a persistent increase in HDL- @entity165 (P = 0.025) was evident in the multivariable analysis. No changes in BMI were observed. A significant @entity164 -by-time interaction (P = 0.008) in @entity4051 c suggests a long-term benefit in glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity1605 @entity6 . CONCLUSION: A @entity6 training program for intensive @entity2690 therapy with particular emphasis on self-management skills was followed by a moderate and transient improvement of glycemic control and LDL- @entity165 and by a persistent increase in HDL- @entity165 . Long-term improvement in glycemic control was observed only in @entity1 with @entity1605 @entity6 .

title: Long-term impact of a structured group-based inpatient-education program for intensive @entity2690 therapy in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Danaus butterflies sequester @entity5500 ( @entity6559 ) from nectar and leaves of various plant species for defense and reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that the southern monarch butterfly Danaus erippus shows innate preferences for certain flower colors and has the capacity to develop learned preferences for artificial flowers presenting advantageous floral rewards such as @entity6559 . We predicted that orange and yellow flowers would be innately preferred by southern monarchs. Another prediction is that flowers with both @entity969 and @entity6559 would be preferred over those having @entity969 only, regardless of flower color. In nature, males of Danaus generally visit PA sources more often than females, so we expected that males of D. erippus would exhibit a stronger learned preference for PA sources than the females. In the innate preference tests, adults were offered artificial non-rewarding yellow, orange, blue, red, green, and violet flowers. Orange and yellow artificial flowers were most visited by southern monarchs, followed by blue and red ones. No individual visited either green or violet flowers. For assessing learned preferences for PA flowers over flowers with no @entity6559 , southern monarchs were trained to associate orange flowers with @entity969 plus the PA @entity6560 vs. yellow flowers with @entity969 only; the opposite combination was used to train another set of butterflies. In the tests, empty flowers were offered to trained butterflies. Neither males nor females showed learned preferences for flower colors associated with @entity6559 in the training set. Thus, southern monarchs resemble the sister species Danaus plexippus in their innate preferences for orange and yellow flowers. Southern monarchs, similarly to temperate monarchs, might not be as PA-demanding as are other danaine species.

title: Southern Monarchs do not Develop Learned Preferences for Flowers With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity5500 :: ('MESH:D011763', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

answer: @entity5500 :: (MESH:D011763,Chemical) :: ['Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids']


abstract: Severe @entity548 from the lower gastrointestinal tract commonly occurs from @entity3137 such as @entity2817 and less often from acute @entity1066 . @entity3459 of such lesions is now feasible. Our purpose was to compare the efficacy and histologic injury of @entity162 and @entity3503 laser photocoagulation applied at laparotomy in the @entity235 colon. After right colotomy and heparinization in adult mongrel @entity235 , @entity548 standard ulcers were randomly assigned to treatment or control. The @entity1066 randomized to each group were not significantly different in size or @entity548 rate. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated acutely. Adjacent normal mucosa was treated with the same modality as the @entity1066 to simulate treatment of a @entity3137 . The same total exposure time ( @entity3503 laser photocoagulation) or number of pulses ( @entity162 ) was used for these paired treatments. Gross and histologic injury were determined after 7 days. Both @entity3503 laser photocoagulation and @entity162 were uniformly effective in controlling @entity548 from standard @entity1066 and the incidence of @entity130 was similar, 33%-48%. The histologic damage seen with normal mucosa treatment was consistently less than with standard ulcers for all treatment groups. The difference is easily explained by the reduction in colonic wall thickness of about 50% with creation of standard ulcers. In our opinion, @entity3503 laser photocoagulation and @entity162 are safe enough to be used in clinical trials for control of @entity694 from @entity3137 but not acute @entity1066 .

title: Comparison of @entity3503 laser photocoagulation and XXXX for endoscopic hemostasis in the @entity235 colon.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar electrocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'colonic ulcers', 'ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesion', 'mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['full thickness injury']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar electrocoagulation']


abstract: The activities of neutral collagenolytic enzymes (CE) and neutral proteoglycan-degrading enzymes (PE) in the synovial membranes of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 were determined. The total neutral metallo-CE activity showed a significantly higher level of activity when the membranes of @entity571 @entity1 were compared with those of controls. The severely and moderately inflamed synovia had significantly more enzyme activity than did either mildly inflamed or control synovia. @entity230 reduced the total metallo-CE activity. In specimens with severe @entity32 , the active form of the neutral metallo-CE was significantly elevated over that found in controls. The @entity563 -CE activity was also significantly elevated in @entity571 with severe @entity32 and @entity1184 . The total and active neutral metallo-PE was significantly elevated in synovial membranes of @entity571 @entity1 with severe @entity32 . Moreover, the @entity563 -PE showed much more activity in @entity571 @entity1 than in controls. The enzyme activity remained at a significantly high level in the @entity571 synovium, regardless of the presence or absence of macroscopic @entity1184 or the histologic grading of the synovium (mild, moderate, severe). Our data indicate that, in @entity571 , an increased level of neutral proteases in the synovia could be involved in the local tissue destruction of the periarticular structures. Because of the very high level of @entity563 proteases, their diffusion may render plausible a degradative action on the cartilage surface.

title: Neutral proteases in XXXX osteoarthritic synovium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA synovia', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abnormal RNA processing (splicing) may lead a cell to become cancerous. Transcription of a gene starts in the nucleus where genomic DNA is converted to precursor RNA by removing introns and joining exons. Splicing, mediated by small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and nuclear proteins, is tightly regulated during growth and development. U2 snRNAs are small, stable RNAs located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that recognize the branch point of the intron-exon junction. We describe here the organization of DNA sequences complementary to @entity235 U2 snRNA. From a genomic library we isolated one recombinant containing the U2 gene. Southern analysis revealed that the @entity235 species possesses only 3 to 5 U2 snRNA genes or very closely related sequences. The size of the U2 gene is 125 nt whereas in @entity35 , @entity238 , trypanosome and @entity375 it is 189, 234, 141, and 192 nt respectively. The @entity4334 sequence showed 82, 78, 72 and 95% homology with @entity35 , @entity238 , @entity375 , and trypanosome U2 snRNA, respectively. The sensitivity of U2 snRNA towards alpha-amanitin suggests that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The conserved @entity4334 sequences which have been implicated in heterogeneous nuclear RNA splicing have been identified. The implications of the knowledge gained through above studies in @entity5 biology are discussed.

title: @entity235 U2 snRNA gene: @entity4334 sequence, characterization and implications in RNA processing and XXXX biology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE Studies on quality of life (QOL) among @entity1 with @entity1204 have shown that @entity1 who undergo pelvic radiotherapy report lower role functioning and more @entity294 and @entity1295 . In the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial @entity5 (PORTEC) trial, @entity1 with @entity1204 were randomly assigned to receive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). QOL was evaluated by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and subscales from the @entity263 module, PR-25, and the @entity43 module, OV-28. @entity1 AND METHODS PORTEC-2 accrued 427 @entity1 between 2002 and 2006, of whom 214 were randomly assigned to EBRT, and 213 were randomly assigned to VBT. Three-hundred forty-eight @entity1 (81%) were evaluable for QOL. QOL outcomes were analyzed at a median follow-up of 2 years. Results At baseline after surgery, @entity1 functioning was at the lowest level, and it increased during and after radiotherapy to reach a plateau after 12 months. @entity1 in the VBT group reported better social functioning (P < .002) and lower symptom scores for @entity294 , fecal leakage, the need to stay close to the toilet, and limitation in daily activities because of bowel symptoms (P < .001). At baseline, 15% of @entity1 were sexually active; this increased significantly to 39% during the first year (P < .001). Sexual functioning and symptoms did not differ between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION @entity1 who received EBRT reported significantly higher levels of @entity294 and bowel symptoms. This resulted in a higher need to remain close to a toilet and, as a consequence, more limitation of daily activities because of bowel symptoms and @entity6314 . Vaginal brachytherapy provides a better QOL, and should be the preferred treatment from a QOL perspective.

title: Quality of life after pelvic radiotherapy or vaginal brachytherapy for XXXX : first results of the randomized PORTEC-2 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased social functioning']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate breast sonography in localizing abnormalities in the discharging duct in @entity1 with spontaneous nipple discharge. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with unilateral bloody or serous nipple discharge and normal findings on palpation and mammography underwent breast sonography before surgical duct excision. The results of sonography were compared with the findings of galactography and histologic examination of the surgical specimen. RESULTS: The final diagnosis was benign in 47 cases (90%) and malignant in 5 cases (10%). Sonography visualized an @entity5 in 36 (69%) of 52 cases, dilated duct(s) without an @entity5 in 6 cases (12%), and no abnormality in 10 cases (19%). Eighty percent of @entity75 , 58% of other benign lesions, and 20% of @entity5 were sonographically positive. The abnormal duct was surgically removed after @entity6693 staining in 38 cases, after sonographically guided wire localization in 11 cases, after both wire localization and @entity6693 staining in 1 case, and with review of the diagnostic galactographic images in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography was found to be a valuable method for localizing @entity854 , especially @entity75 , in @entity1 with nipple discharge with no other clinical or radiologic findings. Preoperative sonographically guided wire localization can be used successfully instead of conventional @entity6693 staining in cases with problems in cannulation of the discharging duct. Galactography remains the primary diagnostic method, especially in depicting malignant causes of nipple discharge, which may be seen only as duct dilatation on sonography.

title: Breast sonography in localizing the cause of nipple discharge: comparison with galactography in 52 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'intraductal tumor', 'echogenic intraductal tumor']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of brace treatment for @entity1 with @entity1615 remains controversial, and effectiveness remains unproven. We accurately measured the number of hours of brace wear for @entity1 with this condition to determine if increased wear correlated with lack of curve progression. METHODS: Of 126 @entity1 with @entity1615 curves measuring between 25 degrees and 45 degrees , 100 completed a prospective study in which they were managed with a Boston brace fitted with a heat sensor that measured the exact number of hours of brace wear. Orthopaedic teams prescribed either sixteen or twenty-three hours of brace wear and were blinded to the wear data. At the completion of treatment, the number of hours of brace wear were compared with the frequency of curve progression of > or =6 degrees and with curve progression requiring surgery. RESULTS: The total number of hours of brace wear correlated with the lack of curve progression. This effect was most significant in @entity1 who were at Risser stage 0 (p = 0.0003) or Risser stage 1 (p = 0.07) at the beginning of treatment and in @entity1 with an open triradiate cartilage at the beginning of treatment. Logistic regression analyses showed a "dose-response" curve in which the greater number of hours of brace wear correlated with lack of curve progression. Brace wear to school and immediately afterward was most successful. Curves did not progress in 82% of @entity1 who wore the brace more than twelve hours per day, compared with only 31% of those who wore the brace fewer than seven hours per day (p = 0.0005). The number of hours of brace wear also correlated inversely with the need for surgical treatment (p = 0.0005). The number of hours of wear were similar for the @entity1 who were advised to wear the brace sixteen or twenty-three hours daily. CONCLUSIONS: The Boston brace is an effective means of controlling curve progression in @entity1 with @entity1615 when worn for more than twelve hours per day.

title: Brace wear control of curve progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Recent studies introduced the novel concept of chemical lipolysis where @entity2434 (PC), an active component of commercial preparations, plays a pivotal role. Other studies suggested that @entity6743 ( @entity4420 ), an excipient contained in medical preparations, could be the real active component performing an adipocytolytic action. We investigated the effects of PC and @entity4420 on @entity1 primary adipocyte cultures and on @entity1 fresh adipose tissue. @entity1 adipocytes isolated by Rodbell's method, were cultured onto type I collagen-coated glass coverslips, placed into 24-well tissue culture plates. Cells were incubated with or without @entity4420 (5-7-9%), PC (5%) or @entity4420 /PC mixture and observed under phase contrast microscope. After incubation, cells were stained with @entity21170 and with @entity9186 / @entity5611 to observe @entity39 cells with phase contrast microscope and fluorescent microscope, respectively. Histological specimens from adipose tissue biopsies were observed with phase contrast microscopy and with scanning electron microscopy. To investigate the lipid pattern variability in the different experimental conditions, culture medium obtained from the different treatments was subjected to lipid extraction and subsequently to thin layer chromatography (TLC). Microscopic observation of adipocytes showed that @entity4420 treatment led to a detrimental morphological effect in a dose-dependent manner. PC treatment did not significantly affect adipocyte viability. On the contrary, results from experiments aimed to analyze the effects of PC/ @entity4420 combined treatment suggested a PC protective role against the @entity4420 harmful effects on adipocytes. Results indicated that clinical effects, observed in local treatment with pharmaceutical preparation, could be due only to @entity4420 , a detergent inducing nonspecific lysis of cell membranes following adipocyte @entity39 . On the other hand, PC could likely be incorporated in the lipid bilayer, thus strongly reducing the disruptive @entity4420 effects.

title: Effects of @entity2434 and @entity6743 on @entity1 primary adipocytes and fresh XXXX adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ) and severe @entity417 (SA) are the most severe complications of @entity3964 infections. Although increased release of endothelial microparticles (MP) correlates with @entity311 severity, the full extent of vascular cell vesiculation remains unknown. Here, we characterize the pattern of cell-specific MP in @entity1 with severe @entity311 . We tested the hypothesis that systemic vascular activation contributes to @entity6197 by examining origins and levels of plasma MP in relation to clinical syndromes, disease severity and outcome. @entity1 recruited in Douala, Cameroon, were assigned to clinical groups following WHO criteria. MP quantitation and phenotyping were carried out using cell-specific markers by flow cytometry using antibodies recognizing cell-specific surface markers. Platelet, erythrocytic, endothelial and leukocytic MP levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity75 and returned to normal by discharge. In @entity6197 @entity1 , @entity1423 were the most abundant and their levels significantly correlated with @entity772 and @entity882 . This study shows for the first time a widespread enhancement of vesiculation in the vascular compartment appears to be a feature of @entity6197 but not of SA. Our data underpin the role of MP as a biomarker of @entity16 in severe @entity311 . Therefore, intervention to block MP production in severe @entity311 may provide a new therapeutic pathway.

title: Elevated cell-specific microparticles are a biological marker for @entity75 in XXXX severe @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet MP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma depth']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 24-hour blood pressure control and frequency of adverse effects in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 switched from @entity594 gastrointestinal therapeutic system ( @entity7966 -GITS) to @entity594 coat core ( @entity7966 -CC). DESIGN: Open-label, prospective, switch study SETTING: University-affiliated outpatient cardiology clinic. SUBJECTS: Twenty @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 , who were taking @entity7966 -GITS 30, 60, or 90 mg/day for 8 weeks or longer. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 stabilized with @entity7966 -GITS 30, 60, or 90 mg were monitored over 24 hours with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor and were then switched to an equivalent dosage of @entity7966 -CC. After 8 weeks+/-1 week taking @entity7966 -CC, they were again monitored with a 24-hour blood pressure monitor. The 24-hour blood pressure load (percentage of values > 135/85 mm Hg for 24 hrs), daytime blood pressure load (percentage of values > 140/90 mm Hg from 7:00 A.M.-10:00 P.M.), nighttime blood pressure load (percentage of values > 120/80 mm Hg from 10:00 P.M.-7:00 A.M.), diurnal blood pressure variation, average 24-hour blood pressure, daytime blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, mean blood pressure for the first 4 hours, and last 8 hours of the dosing interval were measured. Adverse effects such as @entity10 , @entity1296 , and @entity4 were also reported. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No differences in average 24 hour-blood pressure readings were observed but significant differences in blood pressure control during the first 4 and last 8 hours of the dosing interval were seen. @entity551 were higher after approximately 16 hours in @entity1 switched from @entity7966 -GITS to @entity7966 -CC. Although @entity7966 -CC caused a greater initial response, it was less effective than @entity7966 -GITS after 16 hours. This could explain the lack of differences in average 24-hour blood pressure values between formulations. Of the 20 @entity1 , 20% experienced @entity10 , 20% showed signs of @entity4 , and 10% reported occasional @entity1296 after switching agents. Three @entity1 discontinued @entity7966 -CC, two as ordered by their primary care physician and one on his own due to @entity10 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity1 switched from @entity7966 -GITS to @entity7966 -CC could experience increased blood pressure during the night or toward the end of the dosing interval. They could also experience adverse effects such as @entity10 , @entity4 , and @entity1296 , which could result in more physician visits and put @entity1 with other disease states such as @entity301 at increased risk.

title: Comparison of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data in @entity101 @entity1 switched from @entity594 -GITS to XXXX -CC.

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'increased peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['increased headaches', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: Some @entity1 with @entity882 due @entity1252 fail to respond to conventional therapies. Rituximab has been reported to be an alternative for @entity1 treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of @entity882 due to @entity1252 to the use of Rituximab and @entity1 relapse time at our hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 with @entity1252 than received a 2 gram rituximab treatment for @entity882 . We analyzed the rate of @entity1 that achieved complete remission (CR), defined as a platelet count over 100mil/mm(3), partial remission (PR) described as platelets within 50-100mil/mm(3) and no response (NR) if platelets remained unchanged and the time the remission was sustained. RESULTS: 16 treatments were applied to 13 @entity1 , aged 28  9 years of age and @entity1252 mean duration time of 68  44 months with a mean platelet count of 38  29mil. In 14 treatments (87%) remission was achieved after 5  2 weeks where 2 @entity1 (12.5%) were non respondent. One of them died due to a @entity548 . The mean response time without relapse was 15.6  6 months. Follow up of three @entity1 was not possible and 3 other died due to @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab is an alternative for treatment of @entity882 due to @entity1252 .

title: [Treatment with rituximab for XXXX due to @entity1252 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the duration of opioid treatment and length of stay among @entity1 treated for @entity6767 ( @entity6767 ) by using a pilot @entity4783 vs conventional @entity284 treatment protocol. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated @entity1 who received pharmacotherapy for @entity6767 at 6 hospitals in Southwest Ohio from January 2012 through August 2014. A single neonatology provider group used a standardized @entity284 protocol across all 6 hospitals. However, at one of the sites, @entity1 were managed with a @entity4783 protocol unless they had experienced chronic in utero exposure to @entity284 . Linear mixed models were used to calculate adjusted mean duration of opioid treatment and length of inpatient hospitalization with 95% CIs in @entity1 treated with oral @entity284 compared with sublingual @entity4783 . The use of adjunct therapy was examined as a secondary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity1 with @entity6767 were treated with either @entity4783 (n  =  38) or @entity284 (n  =  163) after intrauterine exposure to short-acting opioids or @entity4783 . @entity4783 therapy was associated with a shorter course of opioid treatment of 9.4 (CI 7.1-11.7) vs 14.0 (12.6-15.4) days (P  <  .001) and decreased hospital stay of 16.3 (13.7-18.9) vs 20.7 (19.1-22.2) days (P  <  .001) compared with @entity284 therapy. No difference was detected in the use of adjunct therapy (23.7% vs 25.8%, P  =  .79) between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The choice of pharmacotherapeutic agent is an important determinant of hospital outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6767 . Sublingual @entity4783 may be superior to @entity284 for management of @entity6767 in @entity1 with select intrauterine opioid exposures.

title: A Cohort Comparison of @entity4783 versus XXXX Treatment for  @entity6767 .

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['NAS', 'neonatal abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine', 'Buprenorphine']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: The varied aspects of spread of @entity2466 are reviewed with emphasis on the often clinically dramatic phenomenon known as @entity1725 , a term mostly used to describe grossly evident @entity3558 within the peritoneal cavity. The majority of cases of @entity1725 result from @entity5 primary in the appendix, which are usually low-grade. On microscopic examination @entity1725 is typically characterized by large aggregates of @entity3558 which may be relatively acellular or cellular containing strips of mucinous epithelium, mucinous epithelium encircling glands and cysts, or aggregates of mucinous epithelium lying within @entity3558 pools. High-grade @entity420 may spread to the omentum and peritoneal surfaces without grossly striking @entity3558 deposition and resemble spread of other high-grade gastrointestinal @entity420 . In many cases of @entity1725 in females there is involvement of one, or more often, both ovaries. The size of the @entity43 characteristically dwarfs the often relatively unremarkable appearing appendix in these cases. The ovaries are typically multilocular, although one locule may dominate, and in cases in which the primary is a low-grade appendiceal @entity5 often have a "jelly-like" consistency. In cases of spread of @entity420 the ovarian metastases typically have a more solid, albeit still somewhat gelatinous consistency. Microscopic examination of the ovaries typically shows surface involvement, a characteristic of spread to the ovaries in general, and the glands and cysts that replace most or all of the parenchyma are typically lined by tall @entity3558 -rich cells with, in many cases, relatively bland microscopic features. In cases of @entity420 , the @entity5 may mimic closely a primary mucinous @entity420 . Spread to the ovaries may also be seen in cases of frank intestinal-type @entity420 primary in the appendix and the uncommon signet ring cell @entity189 , the latter being one cause of the @entity13305 . Occasional cases are reported in the literature of ovarian spread of goblet cell @entity5 , but in our opinion most of the @entity5 in those cases are better classified as @entity420 , usually dominantly of signet-ring cell type, albeit sometimes with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. Other interesting aspects of spread of @entity2466 include to the lining of the uterus and the fallopian tube. In yet other cases the @entity5 may present clinically as incidentally discovered @entity1423 within hernia sac specimens or as a scrotal mass.

title: XXXX and selected other aspects of the spread of @entity2466 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity13305 :: ('MESH:D007725', 'Disease') :: ['Krukenberg tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous neoplasm', 'carcinoid tumor of the appendix', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous aggregates']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'frank adenocarcinomas', 'frank adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the appendix', 'adenocarcinoma of the ovary', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['Pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: We studied the effect of inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozyme types III, IV and V on the cholinergic and noncholinergic (tachykinergic) contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the @entity840 isolated bronchus. @entity21574 , a PDE III inhibitor, had a slight (approximately 30%) but significant inhibitory effect on the noncholinergic @entity2472 . @entity7428 , an inhibitor of PDE IV isozymes, dramatically inhibited the noncholinergic @entity2472 by nearly 70%. The EC50 for @entity7428 was approximately 20 nM. @entity7428 (1 microM) had no effect on @entity2472 elicited by either @entity2951 or neurokinin A. EFS, but not direct vagus nerve stimulation, elicits small nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxations of the bronchus that were potentiated by @entity7428 . @entity7428 had the same inhibitory effect on EFS- and vagus nerve stimulation-induced noncholinergic @entity2472 . The effect of @entity7428 was mimicked by another PDE IV inhibitor, @entity1926 . Inhibition of PDE V with zaprinast (3 microM) had no effect on the tachykinergic contractile response. None of the PDE inhibitors affected the EFS-induced cholinergic @entity2472 . The data suggest that the contraction due to stimulation of tachykinergic fibers is significantly reduced by selective inhibition of PDE IV and, to a lesser extent, PDE III isozymes. This is unlikely to be due to functional antagonism at the level of the smooth muscle. It is also unlikely to be due to potentiation of the nonadrenergic relaxant response to nerve stimulation. Rather, the data are in agreement with the hypothesis that selective inhibition of PDE isozymes leads to inhibition of electrically evoked @entity4756 release from @entity2951 -sensitive fibers in the @entity840 bronchus.

title: Inhibition of neurally mediated nonadrenergic, noncholinergic @entity2472 of XXXX bronchus by isozyme-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram', 'rolipram']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Opioid receptors have been demonstrated on sensory nerves in both inflamed and normal subcutaneous tissue but locally applied opioid agonists produce analgesia in inflamed tissue only. Inflammation confers a disruption of the perineurial barrier that can also be induced deliberately by hyperosmolar solutions. The present study examines at which stage of Freund's adjuvant-induced @entity32 peripheral opioid analgesic effects become manifest and whether a @entity12786 contributes to the appearance of such effects. To this end we have monitored the temporal evolution of inflammatory signs ( @entity4 , temperature, @entity1931 ) and of peripheral antinociceptive effects (by the paw pressure test) of mu-, delta-, and kappa-selective opioids. Using horseradish peroxidase histochemistry, the perineurial barrier was assessed in normal and inflamed tissue and following its artificial disruption by hyperosmolar saline and @entity2656 in vivo. Finally, we sought to elicit analgesia in normal tissue by the concomitant application of @entity2656 and receptor-selective opioids or by an extremely lipophilic opioid agonist ( @entity3575 ). We found that peripheral opioid antinociception and @entity12786 occur simultaneously at a very early stage (within 12 hr) of the inflammatory reaction and that both can be mimicked by the administration of hyperosmolar solutions in normal tissue. @entity3575 produced peripheral antinociception in noninflamed tissue that was potentiated by @entity2656 or @entity32 . Our findings demonstrate that the perineurium is a crucial determinant for peripheral opioid analgesia and that the efficacy of locally applied hydrophilic or lipophilic neuromodulatory compounds can be improved dramatically by the concomitant modulation of perineurial permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity12786 and peripheral opioid analgesia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity12786 :: ('MESH:D052958', 'Disease') :: ['perineurial leakage', 'perineurial defect']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) has not been widely used for postoperative @entity1337 , mainly to avoid complications from the subarachnoid injection. Recently, the introduction of low caliber CSA catheters (Spinocath(  )), has allowed to decrease anesthetics doses and volumes with good @entity1337 and reduced complications. The aim of this present study was to compare two concentrations of @entity1343 administered through CSA for @entity282 management after major orthopedic surgery. Secondary outcomes were adverse events associated with CSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity681 1 mcg/h plus @entity1343 0.125%-1 ml/h (Group A0.125) or 0.0625%-2 ml/h (Group B0.0625) for postoperative @entity1337 through CSA catheter, connected to the elastomeric pump over 48 h. The quality of @entity1337 was assessed based on @entity158 intensity by Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). Sensory and motor function, hemodynamic, and respiratory parameters were recorded for 96 h after surgery, after which the catheter was removed. In addition, joint mobility was assessed, and any side effects were noted. RESULTS: VAS score was  <=30 mm in 25 @entity1 . Three @entity1 in Group A0.125 and 4 in Group B0.0625 (NS), received a rescue dose of @entity1343 . Median VAS in Group A0.125 was lower than in Group B0.0625 on T1 h (8    11 vs 16    11; P < 0.05), and on T4 h (11    8 vs 18    1; P < 0.05). All @entity1 remained hemodynamically stable. There were no significant differences between groups for @entity86 mobility. CONCLUSION: @entity1343 at a dose of 1.25 mg/h administered by CSA provides good quality @entity1337 independent of concentration and solution volume in @entity1 undergoing total knee and hip replacement.

title: Continuous spinal XXXX with @entity1343 for @entity282 management: Comparison of 0.125% versus 0.0625% in elective total knee and hip replacement: A double-blind randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine', 'levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative joints']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the amount and distribution of pigment in normal @entity235 eyes with blue and brown irides. ANIMAL STUDIED: Eighteen mixed-breed @entity235 euthanized for population control. PROCEDURES: Intact globes were removed immediately following euthanasia. Iris color was noted, and globes were evaluated histologically to determine the distribution of pigment. High magnification (x400) digital images were taken of the dorsal and ventral @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) of 13 eyes with blue irides and 13 eyes with brown irides. Low magnification (x20) images were taken of the dorsal and ventral portions of the ciliary body (CB) of 14 eyes with blue irides and 14 eyes with brown irides. The images were digitally analyzed to determine the percent of the @entity1650 and CB that were pigmented in the high and low magnification images, respectively. RESULTS: Eyes with brown irides contained abundant melanin pigment around the CB musculature. This pigment was absent in eyes with blue irides, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001) when digitally analyzed using the low magnification images. Iris color did not have a significant (P = 0.34) impact on the amount of melanin within the @entity1650 , as determined using the high magnification images. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to eyes with brown irides, eyes with blue irides lack pigment around the CB musculature, but contain comparable amounts of pigment in the @entity1650 .

title: Distribution and amount of pigment within the ciliary body and iris of XXXX with blue and brown irides.

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'ciliary processes']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The morbidity rate of @entity0 is on the rise, and the age of onset appears to be trending toward a young age. @entity0 in young @entity1 (BCYW) has a number of distinctive features that differ from @entity0 in middle-aged or elderly @entity1 (BCMEW). Lymphatic @entity3 plays an important role in the spread of BCYW; however, the mechanisms of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in BCYW are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lymphatic @entity3 in BCYW and to evaluate the relationships between lymphangiogenesis, the expression of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis. Using immunohistochemistry, @entity1495 , @entity9961 and the level of lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) were analyzed in 106 cases of @entity9962 and 20 cases of @entity1558 . Compared with BCMEW, BCYW had higher @entity1495 expression, higher @entity1600 , and more adverse prognoses. In BCYW, high @entity1495 expression was positively correlated with @entity1600 and impaired survival time. However, in BCMEW, @entity1495 expression was not correlated with @entity1600 or survival time. In addition, high @entity9961 expression was positively correlated with a high level of LMVD in both BCYW and BCMEW. Nevertheless, a high level of LMVD was not correlated with @entity1600 or survival time in the two groups. More importantly, univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed that @entity1495 expression and @entity1600 were independent prognostic factors in BCYW. Our present study indicates that lymphangiogenesis induced by @entity9961 is augmented in @entity0 ; however, a higher level of lymphangiogenesis has no significant impact on @entity1600 or survival time. We suggest that @entity5 invasiveness, rather than lymphangiogenesis, plays an important role in @entity1600 among BCYW. Moreover, @entity1495 and @entity1600 were independent prognostic factors for BCYW.

title: Tumor Invasiveness, Not Lymphangiogenesis, Is Correlated with Lymph Node @entity3 and Unfavorable Prognosis in Young XXXX @entity1 ( <=35 Years).

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['breast invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast proliferative lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: @entity263 is a clinically heterogeneous and multifocal disease. More than 80% of @entity1 with @entity263 harbor multiple geographically discrete @entity5 foci at the time of diagnosis. Emerging data suggest that these foci are molecularly distinct consistent with the hypothesis that they arise as independent clones. One of the strongest arguments is the heterogeneity observed in the status of E26 transformation specific (ETS) rearrangements between discrete @entity5 foci. The clonal evolution of individual @entity263 foci based on recent studies demonstrates intertumoral heterogeneity with intratumoral homogeneity. The issue of multifocality and interfocal heterogeneity is important and has not been fully elucidated due to lack of the systematic evaluation of ETS rearrangements in multiple @entity5 sites. The current study investigates the frequency of multiple gene rearrangements within the same focus and between different @entity5 foci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were designed to detect the four most common recurrent ETS gene rearrangements. In a cohort of 88 @entity1 with @entity263 , we found @entity9493 , @entity23009 , and @entity23010 rearrangements in 51% (44/86), 6% (5/85), and 1% (1/86), respectively. None of the cases demonstrated @entity4244 rearrangements. Mutual exclusiveness of ETS rearrangements was observed in the majority of cases; however, in six cases, we discovered multiple ETS or 5' fusion partner rearrangements within the same @entity5 focus. In conclusion, we provide further evidence for @entity263 heterogeneity with the identification of multiple concurrent gene rearrangements.

title: Testing mutual exclusivity of ETS rearranged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer tumor', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Intraoperative radiation therapy was given at 30 sites in 25 @entity1 using a 6-18 MeV electron beam with or without conventional external beam irradiation. A single dose of 10-30 Gy was delivered after surgical resection. Sites treated with IORT were classified into three types after surgical resection: gross @entity66 (GR, n = 7), microscopic @entity66 (MR, n = 12), and @entity3067 ( @entity3067 , n = 11). Local control rate, patterns of recurrence, survival rate, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The 2-year cumulative local control rate within the IORT port was 54.1% for all cases, 0% for GR, 54.5% for MR, and 81.8% for @entity3067 . There were significant differences between GR and MR (p < 0.05), and GR and @entity3067 (p < 0.01). The majority of the failures inside the IORT port were associated with recurrence outside the port. Distant @entity3 occurred in five @entity1 . Four of these had GR. The 2-year cumulative survival rate was 45.1% for all, 0% for GR, 33.0% for MR, and 70.0% for @entity3067 . Five @entity1 (22%) experienced late complications. The 2-year cumulative complication rate was 32.8%. Four sites developed @entity7190 and three developed carotid artery blowout. Incidence of complications increased when @entity1 received over 20 Gy with a single dose of IORT. CONCLUSIONS: Considering both therapeutic ratio and patterns of failure, it is not suitable to treat @entity1 with gross @entity66 with IORT. We could not firmly determine the therapeutic value of IORT for @entity1 with microscopic @entity66 and @entity3067 . For this subset, further study of moderate dose (less than 20 Gy) IORT combined with adequate postoperative irradiation is needed.

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['close margin', 'CM']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the cause, course and results of treatment in cases of @entity32 , including frequency of recurrencies. One hundred and ten @entity1 aged 2-18 years treated in our clinic from 1989 to 1994 were examined. Mean age was 13 years. @entity32 was found in 60% of cases, 176 eyes were assessed. The disease was more frequent in autumn, winter. In @entity1 below 14 (62%) @entity32 concerned the intraocular part of the nerve while in older @entity1 it was mainly retrobulbar. Recurrence of the disease was observed in 1/3 of cases. In younger @entity1 , the cause of the @entity32 was usually viral @entity102 . In older @entity1 , the main causes were @entity130 or underlying @entity16 . The treatment administered resulted in a normalisation of the visual field in more than half of the cases and visual acuity improvement in 73.5% of cases @entity32 , and in 75% of cases after intra-bulbar @entity32 . During an average follow-up of 3 years, full visual acuity was achieved in 56% of eyes @entity32 and 46% of eyes after intra-bulbar @entity32 . Signs of @entity16 were present in 46% of eyes. Full recovery of visual function was achieved especially in those cases where it was not deeply decreased during the disease.

title: [Optic neuritis in XXXX and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'after retrobulbar inflammation', 'Bilateral inflammation', 'optic nerve inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['post-inflammatory neuropathy', 'neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease or chronic focal infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epistaxis is one of the commonest ear, nose and throat presentations. We present a study of our unit's management of @entity1415 , comparing 48 h of nasal packing with nasendoscopic-guided cautery. METHODS: A search was performed for the diagnosis of @entity1415 , according to the (International Statistic Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Australia Modification) diagnosis code R04.0. Admissions from January 2007 to December 2007 were included. @entity1 in the first 6 months were treated with 48 h of nasal packing, that is, @entity34 ( @entity34 ). In the second half of the year, nasendoscopic cautery (NC) was performed. A retrospective chart review was then performed. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the analysis with 15 (45.5%) males and 18 (54.5%) females. The median age was 77.5 years (range 21-87). The majority (50%, n= 16) of the @entity1415 was idiopathic with an anterior bleed. A quarter (n= 8) were treated with NC and the rest had the @entity34 . The average length of stay in the @entity34 group was 1.55 days and 0.84 days in the NC group (P-value 0.049). There were no complications in the NC group compared with 44% in the @entity34 group (P= 0.005). There was no re-presentation in the NC group. CONCLUSION: We have shown NC for @entity1415 to be an effective treatment. In our study, it was associated with a significantly reduced hospital admission, complication rate and with no re-presentations.

title: Comparison of nasendoscopic-assisted cautery versus packing for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['conventional treatment', 'CT']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: @entity1049 is a disease of twentieth century Western society. A diverticulum is an outpouching of mucosa through the colonic wall. Etiology and pathogenesis are related to altered colonic structure and physiology in an aging population. Epidemiological evidence suggests that a decrease in dietary fiber, as well as increasing age, lead to formation of @entity7261 . @entity66 includes @entity158 without @entity32 , @entity4436 , and @entity548 . Severe @entity4436 is often complicated by abscess or @entity292 formation or @entity298 . Young obese @entity1 and immunocompromised @entity1 have a more virulent course. Diverticular @entity548 occurs as a result of a diverticulum eroding through a nutrient artery. Treatment of @entity66 depends on severity and clinical presentation. A higher-fiber diet is recommended if there is no acute @entity32 . Broad-spectrum antibiotics, diagnostic and therapeutic computed tomography scans, and early surgical intervention have improved the treatment of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity66 . The one-stage operation has increased in popularity for @entity1 with @entity66 because it reduces reoperative rates and hospitalization costs. Mortality remains high in @entity1 with @entity298 , and early recognition and treatment may benefit this subset of @entity1 .

title: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease', 'localized disease', 'Diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['purulent and fecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease of the colon']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease of the colon']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The @entity632 @entity35 model (ARM) is a well-established model of the Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Renal, Limb (VACTERL) association. The notochord, which expresses Sonic Hedgehog ( @entity13827 ), has been found to be grossly malformed with ventral ectopic branches in the foregut region of embryos in the ARM. The authors designed this study to test the hypothesis that @entity13827 -expressing ectopic notochord could contribute to an increased volume of notochord relative to total embryo volume, resulting in an increased concentration of @entity13827 in the notochord of affected embryos. METHODS: @entity632 was administered intraperitoneally to @entity35 on days 7 (E7), E8, and E9 of gestation and saline to control animals. Embryos recovered at E12 and E14 were examined immunohistochemically for @entity13827 expression. Quantitative morphology using the Cavalieri technique was performed to determine embryo and notochord volume. RESULTS: Embryos in both @entity632 and control groups at E12 and E14 showed comparable levels of @entity13827 expression in notochord at all locations. The percentage of notochord per embryo was significantly increased in @entity632 embryos at E12 and E14 compared with equivalent controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity632 induces notochord @entity1184 . With all regions of the notochord secreting @entity13827 , this could result in a higher concentration gradient of @entity13827 in close abnormal proximity to the foregut, possibly contributing to the @entity600 found in the VACTERL association.

title: @entity632 induces notochord @entity1184 with conservation of sonic hedgehog expression in abnormal ectopic notochord in the XXXX @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: Green exercise is activity in the presence of nature. Evidence shows it leads to positive short and long-term health outcomes. This multistudy analysis assessed the best regime of dose(s) of acute exposure to green exercise required to improve self-esteem and mood (indicators of @entity1032 ). The research used meta-analysis methodology to analyze 10 UK studies involving 1252 @entity1 . Outcomes were identified through a priori subgroup analyses, and dose-responses were assessed for exercise intensity and exposure duration. Other subgroup analyses included gender, age group, starting health status, and type of habitat. The overall effect size for improved self-esteem was d = 0.46 (CI 0.34-0.59, p < 0.00001) and for mood d = 0.54 (CI 0.38-0.69, p < 0.00001). Dose responses for both intensity and duration showed large benefits from short engagements in green exercise, and then diminishing but still positive returns. Every green environment improved both self-esteem and mood; the presence of water generated greater effects. Both @entity1 and @entity1 had similar improvements in self-esteem after green exercise, though @entity1 showed a difference for mood. Age groups: for self-esteem, the greatest change was in the youngest, with diminishing effects with age; for mood, the least change was in the young and old. The mentally ill had one of the greatest self-esteem improvements. This study confirms that the environment provides an important health service.

title: What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving XXXX ? A multi-study analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental health']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the importance of fear and @entity148 at the time of an exacerbation of @entity1030 . To assess the influence of carers and health professionals on this fear and @entity148 . DESIGN: A qualitative study to elicit the views of @entity1 and their carers during a hospital admission for exacerbations of @entity1030 . SETTING: Interviews were conducted in a District General Hospital. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 were interviewed shortly after admission to hospital with an exacerbation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Key themes were identified using cross-sectional thematic analysis of transcripts where commonalities and differences were identified. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: @entity4697 and fear; @entity148 management techniques used during an exacerbation; intervention from family members and carers; response to medical services. CONCLUSION: Panic and fear are important emotions prior to admission. Many @entity1 recognised the link between @entity4697 -fear and a worsening of symptoms, and some were able to use self-management techniques to reduce their @entity4697 -fear. Some relatives were seen as helping and others exacerbating the symptoms of @entity4697 -fear. The emergency services were seen as positive: providing reassurance and a sense of safety. How best to help @entity1 with @entity1030 manage @entity4697 and fear remains a challenge.

title: Understanding fear and XXXX in @entity1 at the time of an exacerbation of @entity1030 : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preventing @entity28 among young adults should be a preferred public health approach given the limited efficacy of treatment interventions. This study examined whether @entity1017 can be prevented by online approaches using two different behavioral models, one overtly directed at @entity28 and the other covertly. METHODS: A three-group parallel randomized controlled intervention was conducted in 2012-2013; 20,975 young adults were allocated a priori to one control and two "treatment" groups. Two treatment groups were offered online courses over 19 weeks on (1) personal weight control ("Not the Ice Cream Van," NTICV) and, (2) political, environmental, and social issues around food ("Goddess Demetra," "GD"). Control group received no contact. The primary outcome was weight change over 40 weeks. RESULTS: Within-group 40-week weight changes were different between groups (P   <   0.001): Control (n   =   2,134): +2.0 kg (95% CI   =   1.5, 2.3 kg); NTICV (n   =   1,810): -1.0 kg (95% CI   =   -1.3, -0.5); and GD (n   =   2,057): -1.35 kg (95% CI   =   -1.4 to -0.7). Relative risks for @entity1017 vs. CONTROL: NTICV   =   0.13 kg (95% CI   =   0.10, 0.15), P   <   0.0001; GD   =   0.07 kg (95% CI   =   0.05, 0.10), P   <   0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions were associated with prevention of the @entity1017 observed among control subjects. This low-cost intervention could be widely transferable as one tool against the @entity28 epidemic. Outside the randomized controlled trial setting, it could be enhanced using supporting advertising and social media.

title: Elearning approaches to prevent XXXX in young adults: A randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']