abstract: Spontaneous proliferative lesions in the nasopharyngeal meatus were identified as the cause of @entity204 in 12 of 1,600 male and 5 of 1,600 female Fisher 344 (F344) @entity35 used in 2-yr carcinogenicity studies; none of the lesions were considered treatment related. All the @entity35 showed @entity1353 , @entity1661 , and clinical deterioration. Gross features were characterized by simultaneous occurrence of conspicuous gaseous distension of the intestinal tract, especially in the ileum and cecum, and focal nodular lesions in the nasopharyngeal meatus. Histopathologically, the nasopharyngeal meatus was partially obstructed by the following proliferative lesions: 3 areas of @entity1373 of the @entity13680 , 4 areas of @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) with massive @entity5656 , 5 @entity1185 ( @entity1185 ), and 5 @entity957 ( @entity957 ). No pathological changes were found in the distended portion of the intestinal tract. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples of the proliferative lesions from the nasopharyngeal meatus were examined for the presence of mutations in the @entity3803 and @entity7504 genes. In vitro amplification of DNA using a polymerase chain reaction was combined with a nonisotopic method for selective oligonucleotide hybridization. Two of the 4 @entity1544 lesions, 3 of the 5 @entity1185 , and 5 of the 5 @entity957 contained 1-3 point mutations in the @entity3803 and/or @entity7504 gene. Immunohistochemically, overexpression of @entity10740 protein was found in 1 area of @entity1544 with a @entity75 and 2 @entity957 . These findings indicate that detailed examination of the upper respiratory system, including the nasopharyngeal meatus, may be particularly helpful for identifying primary occult lesions in F344 @entity35 that show only gut distension at necropsy in long-term @entity137 studies. In addition, mutations of the ras genes may be an important step in the early stages of @entity105 in the @entity35 nasopharyngeal meatus, whereas @entity10740 mutations could occur relatively late.

title: Spontaneous proliferative lesions in the nasopharyngeal meatus of F344 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['SCPs', 'squamous cell papillomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia', 'SM']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity13680 :: ('MESH:C562950', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic sebaceous glands in the soft and hard palate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of @entity2657 in @entity1 with @entity385 by non-invasive cerebral electrical impedance (CEI) measurements. METHODS: An invariable secure current at a frequency of 50 kHz and an intensity of 0.1 mA was given into a @entity1 's brain. CEI values of the bilateral hemisphere of 200 healthy volunteers and 107 @entity1 with @entity385 were measured by non-invasive @entity2657 monitor. The results of perturbative index (PI) converted from CEI were compared with the volumes of @entity2657 , which were calculated by an image analysing system according to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. RESULTS: (1) In the healthy volunteers, PI values in the left and right hemisphere were 7.98 +/- 0.95 and 8.02 +/- 0.71 respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two sides (p>0.05). Age, gender and different measuring times did not obviously affect PI values (p>0.05). (2) In the @entity385 group, CEI measurements were more sensitive to the volumes of lesion, which were more than 20 ml. The positive ratio of PI was higher when the volumes of @entity1188 were >20 ml (80.0%): the ratio of PI was 75.9% when the volumes of @entity1188 were 20-50 ml and it was 83.3% when the volumes of lesion were more than 50 ml. PI was lower when the volumes were less than 20 ml. (3) PI of the @entity1188 side increased obviously 3-5 days after onset; the difference of two sides was the most significant. There was a positive correlation between PI of the @entity1188 side and volume of @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: PI may be a sensitive parameter for non-invasive monitoring of the change of @entity2657 in @entity1 with @entity385 . CEI is a valuable method for the early detection of @entity2657 .

title: Application of non-invasive cerebral electrical impedance measurement on @entity2657 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: The aim of the study was the analysis of the results of liver resection in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity157 , taking into consideration the selected factors based on the department's material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 122 @entity1 subject to liver resection due to @entity157 at the Department of General, Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, were subject to retrospective analysis. The influence of selected factors on the long-term treatment results was determined, and the @entity1 survival depending on the @entity5 stage as per the TNM scale was compared. The statistical significance threshold was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS: 1- and 3-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival in the whole @entity1 group was 82.1% and 56.3%, and 57.7% and 20.1%, respectively. The perioperative mortality rate was 1.6%. The @entity5 advancement exceeding the first stage on the TNM scale was associated with lower values of overall survival (p = 0.001, HR = 3.7) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.00008, HR = 3.8). Elevation of @entity160 was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.04, HR = 1.04 at @entity160 levels > 1000 ng/ml), while the presence of @entity5 in small blood vessels was an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence (p = 0.02, HR = 2.24). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity160 levels and presence in the histopathological examination of @entity5 in small blood vessels are independent prognostic factors for outcome of @entity1 operated for @entity157 . The diagnosis of @entity5 at stage 1 as per TNM significantly improves long-term results of resective treatment.

title: Long-term results of liver resection in the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic emboli', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the relationship of @entity565 with serum @entity2299 and reported positive, negative or no association. Most studies were limited by their cross-sectional design and the wide age range of the @entity1 . In a cohort of @entity1 in Cyprus, we explored the association of @entity565 with serum high-density-lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) at age 16-18 years (follow-up) independently of and in relation to HDL-C at age 11-12 years (baseline). METHODS: In a case-control design, we recruited @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ; n = 68), @entity3453 ( @entity3453 ; n = 123) and non-asthmatic controls (n = 660). @entity2357 models were used to evaluate associations of @entity565 with follow-up serum HDL-C and the role of baseline HDL-C. RESULTS: At follow-up, mean HDL-C levels in @entity3457 and @entity3453 @entity1 were significantly lower than in the controls (47.9 and 49.7 vs. 53.4 mg/dl; p = 0.001 and p = 0.011). We observed significant associations of @entity3457 @entity1 with low HDL-C (<15th percentile; OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.16-4.47) that remained significant after further adjustment for baseline HDL-C (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.06-4.14). Stratification by baseline HDL-C indicated that the association was significant only in those with high baseline HDL-C (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.03-5.20). Stratification by IgE sensitization showed that the association was pronounced only in subjects who were sensitized (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.12-9.88). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent @entity565 is associated with low serum HDL-C independent of previous HDL-C levels in childhood. The association appears pronounced in those with a drop in HDL-C levels between childhood and adolescence and in those who have IgE sensitization.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Asthma: the role of low high-density-lipoprotein XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['CWO', 'current wheezers only']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active asthmatics', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: We described three @entity295 cases in which blood cultures yielded gram-positive cocci identified as @entity14921 spp. and @entity6376 spp. @entity1 were three male adults aged 63 to 71 years with severe underlying diseases, @entity788 , @entity418 and @entity6 with @entity177 . They had @entity221 and chills at the onsets of @entity295 with @entity8963 , @entity697 , and @entity281 complicated with invasion sites of @entity418 contagious to bronchus and subcutaneous tissue. Blood cultures yielded catalase and oxidase negative highly @entity2176 -resistant (MIC: 1024 micrograms/ml <) gram-positive cocci showing alpha or gamma @entity2142 on blood agar plates. Two cases were @entity325 . In one case with @entity418 , clinical symptoms persisted after the start of antimicrobial chemotherapy and the @entity1 died 10 days later associated with complications of @entity418 . @entity14921 lactis, @entity14921 . dextranicum, and @entity6376 wee identified by physiological reactions. These strains were also highly resistant to @entity11248 and @entity8912 , and tolerant to all rested @entity7660 such as @entity3397 . This is the first report in Japan to our knowledge on the identification of @entity14921 spp. and @entity6376 spp. isolated from @entity1 @entity166 .

title: [Microbiological and clinical studies of @entity2176 resistant @entity14921 spp. and @entity6376 spp. isolated from @entity295 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity6376 :: ('1254', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus acidilactici', 'Pediococcus']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc', 'Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: External beam radiation therapy (XRT) with concomitant @entity2903 and 6 cycles of adjuvant @entity2903 (5/28-day schedule) improves survival in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 compared with XRT alone. Studies suggest that dose-dense @entity2903 schedules and addition of cytostatic agents may further improve efficacy. This factorial design phase I/II protocol tested dose-dense @entity2903 alone and combined with cytostatic agents. @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 received fractionated XRT to 60 Gy concomitant with @entity2903 (75 mg/m  )/day for 42 days). In the phase I portion, @entity1 with stable disease or radiologic response 1 month after chemoradiation were randomized to adjuvant @entity2903 alone (150 mg/m  /day, 7/14-day schedule) or with doublet combinations of @entity2816 (400 mg/day), @entity10211 (100 mg/m  /day), and/or @entity12698 (400 mg twice daily), or all 3 agents. @entity137 was assessed after 4 weeks. Among 54 @entity1 enrolled (median age, 52 years; median Karnofsky performance status, 90), adjuvant treatment was not administered to 12 (22%), primarily because of disease progression (n = 10). All combinations were well tolerated. Grade 3/4 @entity2905 developed in 63% of @entity1 , but no related @entity281 occurred. One @entity1 treated with @entity2903 plus @entity10211 plus @entity2816 had dose-limiting grade 3 @entity1295 and @entity1910 , and 1 @entity1 receiving all 4 agents had dose-limiting grade 4 @entity1398 . @entity49 occurred in 7 @entity1 , 4 of whom received @entity2816 . From study entry, median survival was 20 months and the 2-year survival rate was 40%. Multiple cytostatic agents can be safely combined with dose-dense @entity2903 . The factorial-based phase II portion of this study is currently ongoing.

title: A phase I factorial design study of dose-dense @entity2903 alone and in combination with @entity2816 , XXXX , and/or @entity12698 as postchemoradiation adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Large retrospective studies of @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) have reported @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in up to one third of the @entity1 and @entity454 in up to one quarter of them. Nadir @entity1011 (lowest @entity1011 during the first year following diagnosis) is the recognised prognostic indicator for renal outcome in @entity340 , the most commonly used cut-off being 1  mg/dl (88.4 umol/l). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a statistical analysis of nadir @entity1011 in @entity340 @entity1 in order to identify the optimal cut-off level as a prognostic indicator for @entity740 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 treated by @entity340 at the present institution between 1993 and 2004 were reviewed. @entity740 was defined as CKD2 or higher. Statistical methods included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Fisher exact test and diagnostic utility tests. Statistical significance was defined as P  <  0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Nadir @entity1011 was identified in 96 @entity1 . The median follow-up was 9.4 (IQR 7.0, 13.4) years. A total of 29 (30.2%) @entity1 developed @entity740 , with nine (9.4%) reaching @entity454 . On ROC analysis, Nadir @entity1011 was highly prognostic for future @entity740 , with an Area Under the Curve of 0.887 (P  <  0.001). @entity177 occurred in all 10 (100%) @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 >88.4 umol/l compared with 19 of 86 (22.2%) @entity1 with lower nadir @entity1011 (P  < 0.001). As a test for future @entity740 , a nadir @entity1011 cut-off of 88.4 umol/l gave a specificity of 100%, but poor sensitivity of 34.5%. Lowering the cut-off to 75 umol/l resulted in improvement in all diagnostic utility tests (Table). All 14 (100%) @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 >75 umol/l developed @entity740 , compared with 15 of 82 (18.3%) @entity1 with lower nadir @entity1011 (P  <  0.001). Sensitivity only approached 95% at 35 umol/l, at which level specificity was low (Table). Two out of 36 (5.6%) @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 <35 umol/l developed @entity740 . Multivariate analysis found recurrent UTI (OR 4.733; CI 1.297-17.280) and nadir @entity1011 >75 umol/l (OR 48.988; CI 4.9-490.11) to be independent risk factors for progression to @entity740 . Using cut-off values of 35 umol/l and 75 umol/l, @entity1 can be stratified into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, with development of @entity740 in 5.3%, 28.3% and 100%, respectively (P  <0.001). The stage of CKD was higher in higher risk groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 >75 umol/l (0.85  mg/dl) should be considered at high risk for @entity740 , while @entity1 with nadir @entity1011  <=35 umol/l (0.4  mg/dl) should be considered low risk. @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 between these two values have an intermediate risk of @entity740 .

title: Nadir XXXX in @entity340 : How high is low enough?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'Chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'endoscopic valve ablation', 'PUV']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Specific questionnaire and skin prick test (SPT) are the most used methods in epidemiological studies on @entity1576 . SPT, however, can be positive in many subjects without evidence of any @entity56 . Nasal IgE determination has been suggested by some authors as a valuable diagnostic method, which may overcome this lack of specificity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of nasal specific IgE for the seven most common inhalant allergens in order to verify its reliability as a screening test. METHODS: 126 @entity1 , involved in an epidemiological study on prevalence of @entity1576 , were evaluated. All @entity1 were assessed with a specific questionnaire, SPT and nasal specific IgE. Nasal specific IgE were determined with a previously described method modified for screening purposes, in order to test seven allergens at the same time. When discordant results were obtained between questionnaire, SPT and nasal IgE, an allergen specific nasal challenge (ASNC) was performed and nasal tryptase was also determined before and after challenge. RESULTS: The questionnaire was positive for @entity1576 in 28/126 @entity1 . SPT was positive in 21 of the 28 @entity1 , but also in 5/10 @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ), and in 12/88 @entity1 without @entity56 . Nasal IgE were positive in 22/28 and also in 2/10 with @entity483 . Nasal challenge and tryptase confirmed the negativity of nasal IgE in 12/17 @entity1 with positive SPT but totally negative for @entity1576 . Moreover nasal IgE was found to be positive to dermatophagoides in one of seven @entity1 with negative SPT despite a clinical history suggestive for mite @entity1576 . In this @entity1 and in 2 of the 5 @entity1 with @entity483 the positive nasal IgE to mites was confirmed by a positive ASNC and tryptase. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal IgE have shown a specificity significantly higher than SPT (98% vs. 83%) and a good sensibility. This screening test may also be useful to detect the beginning of upper airways sensitization in @entity1 with @entity483 .

title: Measurement of nasal IgE in an epidemiological study: assessment of its diagnostic value in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['allergic respiratory disease', 'respiratory allergic disease', 'respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of western blot (WB) analysis as a diagnostic tool for @entity3251 in 215 newborn @entity1 . The @entity1 were submitted to clinical examinations to assess macular, neurological and hearing signals. The WB results obtained were compared to the persistence of IgG antibodies at the end of 12 months, which is regarded as the "gold standard" diagnosis of @entity3251 . Association between the WB results and the clinical signs presented by the @entity1 was also assessed. Of the 215 @entity1 , 177 had a confirmed @entity3251 diagnosis and 38 were uninfected. IgG-WB showed a sensitivity of 73.5% and a specificity of 97.4%. IgM-WB showed a sensitivity of 54.8% and a specificity of 94.7%. The IgG-WB and IgM-WB combination increased the sensitivity to 86.5%. The IgM-WB-positive @entity1 had a 1.4-fold greater risk of presenting active macular lesions than did those that were IgM-WB-negative. This study showed that the WB assay is a useful tool to confirm a diagnosis of @entity3251 and that the IgM-WB-positive results can indicate active macular lesions in newborn @entity1 .

title: IgG and IgM western blot assay for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate if findings in @entity1 with @entity7288 ( @entity7288 ) at fluid hysteroscopy correlate with the severity of @entity32 at histology and to assess the possibility to score the severity of @entity32 by fluid hysteroscopy. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. POPULATION: A total of 211 outpatient @entity1 with a hysteroscopic diagnosis of @entity7288 and 30 control @entity1 without any such signs. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent endometrial biopsy by means of a 3-mm Novak's curette connected to a 20-ml syringe without any anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hysteroscopic records were reviewed and compared with histologic findings by using an arbitrary @entity32 score (Grades 0-2, no @entity32 to severe infiltration, nodules and glands disruption, respectively). RESULTS: A significant correlation between focal @entity450 and isolated micropolyps with Grade 1 @entity32 and between generalized @entity450 , presence of diffuse micropolyps and polypoid endometrium with Grade 2 @entity32 was found. Hysteroscopic and histologic grading showed good agreement (kappa index = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 affected by @entity7288 the severity of histological alterations may be reliably evaluated by fluid hysteroscopy. This information may be clinically useful not only for giving a prognosis and as a basis for interpretation of @entity1 ' complaints, but also for monitoring treatment.

title: Correspondence between hysteroscopic and histologic findings in XXXX with @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['chronic endometritis', 'CE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been considerable focus on the burden of @entity1032 (including post-traumatic @entity66 , @entity1005 ) in returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans, but little attention to the burden of medical illness in those with @entity1005 . OBJECTIVES: (1) Determine whether the burden of medical illness is higher in @entity1 and @entity1 OEF/OIF veterans with @entity1005 than in those with No Mental Health Conditions (MHC). (2) Identify conditions common in those with @entity1005 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using existing databases (Fiscal Year 2006-2007). SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) @entity1 nationally. @entity1 : All 90,558 OEF/OIF veterans using VHA outpatient care nationally, categorized into strata: @entity1005 , Stress-Related Disorders, Other MHCs, and No MHC. MEASUREMENTS: (1) Count of medical conditions; (2) specific medical conditions (from ICD9 codes, using Agency for Health Research and Quality's Clinical Classifications software framework). MAIN RESULTS: The median number of medical conditions for @entity1 was 7.0 versus 4.5 for those with @entity1005 versus No MHC (p<0.001), and for @entity1 was 5.0 versus 4.0 (p<0.001). For @entity1005 @entity1 , the most frequent conditions among @entity1 were @entity74 , @entity10 , and @entity2720 , and among @entity1 were @entity74 , @entity2720 , and hearing problems. These high frequency conditions were more common in those with @entity1005 than in those with No MHC. CONCLUSIONS: Burden of medical illness is greater in @entity1 and @entity1 OEF/OIF veteran VHA users with @entity1005 than in those with No MHC. Health delivery systems serving them should align clinical program development with their medical care needs.

title: Medical care needs of returning veterans with XXXX : their other burden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral spine disorders']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity joint disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity816 ( @entity816 ) are @entity11 with distinct oligodendroglial and astrocytic neoplastic components. Very little about @entity816 has been reported in the intractable @entity302 population. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of 923 @entity1 who underwent resective surgery for intractable @entity302 between 1996 and 2004. RESULTS: 6/923 (0.7%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity816 . Five @entity1 were female, one was male. Median age at diagnosis was 25 years (range 19-44 years). @entity5 arose from the left side in all @entity1 and from the temporal lobe in five @entity1 . Three @entity1 had complex partial @entity410 . Median length of @entity302 prior to surgery was 10.5 years (range 1-28 years), and the median number of antiepileptic drugs used was 2 (range 1-10). Preoperative WADA testing for language and memory localization was done for three @entity1 ; preoperative stereotactical localization was done for three @entity1 . Surgical pathology revealed @entity258 (WHO II) in five @entity1 , and anaplastic @entity816 in one. There were no surgical complications, clinical or radiographic @entity5 recurrence at a mean follow up period of 3.2 years (range 2-8). Excellent @entity410 freedom was achieved in 5/6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: As a result of our small sample size, general conclusions may be imprecise, but this review suggests that @entity816 behave similar to other @entity5 related to intractable @entity302 : they usually have a preoperative @entity410 course of many years, an excellent rate of @entity410 -freedom following surgery, and are in general, low-grade @entity5 with an indolent course for which serial imaging is sufficient follow-up.

title: XXXX presenting with intractable @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['mixed gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Oligoastrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade OA']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['Oligoastrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported altered postural control in @entity1 with @entity4048 . The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of the nature of altered postural control in @entity4048 by studying the slow and fast components of body sway. METHODS: Subjects with @entity74 ( @entity74 , n  =  21) and chronic non-specific @entity4048 (NS, n  =  24) were compared to healthy controls (CON, n  =  21) in this cross-sectional study. The magnitudes of the slow and fast sway components were assessed in Rhomberg quiet stance for 30  s on a force plate with eyes closed. We also investigated associations between postural sway and symptoms, self-ratings of functioning and kinesiophobia. RESULTS: Increased magnitude of the slow sway component was found in @entity74 , but not in NS. Greater magnitude of the slow component in @entity74 was associated with poorer physical functioning, including balance disturbances, and more severe sensory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Increased magnitude of the slow sway component implies an aberration in sensory feedback or processing of sensory information in @entity74 . The associations between postural sway and self-rated characteristics support the clinical validity of the test. Further investigation into NS, involving a longer test time is warranted.

title: The slow and fast components of postural sway in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash associated disorders', 'WAD']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe @entity1902 in @entity1 worldwide. We evaluated the economic burden of rotavirus and the cost-effectiveness of vaccination from the health care perspective. METHODS: Estimates were based on existing epidemiological data, cost estimates, vaccine coverage, and efficacy data, as well as hypothetical vaccine prices. Outcome measures included health care and societal costs of rotavirus and benefits and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of vaccination. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of estimate uncertainty. RESULTS: Treatment costs increased with income level, and health burden decreased; however, burden varied across regions. On the basis of current vaccination coverage and timing, rotavirus vaccination would annually prevent 228,000 @entity204 , 13.7 million hospital visits, and 8.7 million disability-adjusted life-years, saving  188 million in treatment costs and  243 million in societal costs. At  5 per dose, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income countries was  88,  291, and  329 per disability-adjusted life-year averted, respectively, and  3,015,  9,951 and  11,296 per life saved, respectively. Vaccination would prevent approximately 45% of @entity204 and approximately 58% of associated medical visits and costs. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination is a cost-effective strategy to reduce the health and economic burden of rotavirus. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination depends mostly on vaccine price and reaching @entity1 at highest risk of mortality.

title: Economic costs of XXXX and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']


abstract: @entity227 in a genetic @entity209 ( @entity8518 ) were examined in the following three studies. The goal of Study I was to provide a normative database and establish the reliability and validity of a new test of @entity4207 (Visual Learning and Memory Test; VLMT) that was modeled after a widely used test of verbal learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test; CVLT). One hundred seventy-two neurologically intact individuals ages 5 years through 50 years were administered the VLMT and the CVLT. Normative data were collected and the results suggested that the VLMT is a reliable and valid new measure of @entity4207 . The aim of Study II was to examine possible dissociations between @entity4207 in individuals with @entity8518 as well as to assess changes in performance as individuals with the disorder age. Thirty-seven individuals with @entity8518 and 37 matched controls were administered a new test of @entity4207 (Visual Learning and Memory Test; VLMT) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Individuals with @entity8518 performed at a lower level than controls on almost all indices of @entity4207 while no differences were found between the groups on the verbal measure. Examination of the results on the VLMT indicated that the @entity73 in @entity8518 may result from difficulty with processing visual information quickly. Study III aimed to remediate the observed @entity4207 by implementing an intervention that increased the exposure time for visual stimuli. Fifteen individuals with @entity8518 were administered a version of the VLMT in which the stimuli were exposed for 3s rather than 1s. Fifteen matched controls were administered the 1-s version of the VLMT. The results of Study III indicated that by increasing the exposure time for each visual stimulus, individuals with @entity8518 were able to perform at the same level as control subjects. This is the first study to demonstrate @entity4207 in individuals with @entity8518 . These results may provide the foundation for designing cognitive interventions, may lead to further hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanism of the observed @entity4207 , and have implications for a greater understanding of gene-behavior relationships.

title: XXXX in a genetic @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual and verbal learning']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visual learning and memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['impaired visual learning and spared verbal learning', 'visual learning and memory', 'verbal and visual learning and memory performances', 'visual learning and memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual and verbal learning']


abstract: Although interest in possible structural substrates of @entity302 has been high since anatomical abnormalities in autopsy material were first noted, a clear pathognomic picture has yet to emerge for subtypes other than @entity1315 . While identification of anatomical features unique to the diseased brain does not ensure that a cure will be found (viz. @entity195 ), such knowledge can certainly guide researchers who must search out both the necessary and sufficient etiologic agent. Such investigation is hampered by the difficulty of separating cause from effect in clinical material, where the @entity1 may have a history of drug use or of poorly controlled @entity410 . For instance, the cell-density depletion noted in @entity1315 could follow from, or be a cause of, @entity410 . An experimental approach to isolating the structural substrates of @entity302 requires establishing several "levels" of @entity302 of varying duration, and observing the evolution of anatomical change. Such manipulation is, of course, possible only when an animal model is used, and it is for this reason, among others, that researchers have developed several of these. In general, there are two types of animal model: one where an exogenous agent (for example, a neurotoxin) or treatment (kindling) is applied, and another that relies on a strain of animal bred to exhibit @entity410 . Anatomical findings in this latter case have been reported infrequently, although the approach, which is not confounded by central nervous system (CNS) damage, seems promising as a model for certain types of @entity302 . Rodents have been among the best-researched genetic preparations, and several such reports appear in this volume. We have investigated one such strain, the Mongolian gerbil, which has been bred in UCLA's animal colony to exhibit @entity410 (the SS strain). Another strain (SR) has been bred to be @entity410 -free. Our initial study compared adult SS and SR animals with respect to two morphometric parameters in hippocampal region @entity1400 . We found that the SS adult gerbil had fewer dendritic spines than its nonseizuring counterpart. Dendritic spines are considered the locus of excitatory synapses, and their density has been correlated with a variety of functional states in other paradigms. Our next set of questions concerned the development of these strain differences, and we accordingly set up four different age groups, bracketing the age at which @entity410 first appear in the gerbil. Again, spine-density differences appeared between SS and SR animals, but in the opposite direction from the adult case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Structural substrates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal-lobe epileptics', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Recommendations concerning the management of hemoglobin levels and hematocrit in @entity1 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) still advise maintenance of a normal hematocrit. In contrast, current transfusion guidelines for @entity3124 @entity1 support restrictive transfusion practice. We report on a series of @entity1 receiving venovenous ECMO (vvECMO) for @entity649 ( @entity649 ) treated according to the restrictive transfusion regimen recommended for @entity3124 @entity1 . We retrospectively analyzed 18 @entity1 receiving vvECMO due to severe @entity649 . Hemoglobin concentrations were kept between 7 and 9   g/dL with a transfusion trigger at 7   g/dL or when physiological transfusion triggers were apparent. We assessed baseline data, hospital mortality, time on ECMO, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, quantities of packed red blood cells received, and @entity880 concentrations and compared survivors and nonsurvivors. The overall mortality of all @entity1 on vvECMO was 38.9%. Mean hemoglobin concentration over all @entity1 and ECMO days was 8.30        0.51   g/dL, and hematocrit was 0.25        0.01, with no difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. Mean numbers of given PRBCs showed a trend towards higher quantities in the group of nonsurvivors, but the difference was not significant (1.97        1.47 vs. 0.96        0.76 units; P   =   0.07). Mean @entity880 clearance from the first to the third day was 45.4        28.3%, with no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors (P   =   0.19). In our cohort of @entity1 treated with ECMO due to severe @entity649 , the application of a restrictive transfusion protocol did not result in an increased mortality. Safety and feasibility of the application of a restrictive transfusion protocol in @entity1 on ECMO must further be evaluated in randomized controlled trials.

title: Restrictive Transfusion Practice During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy for Severe Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Distress Syndrome']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the breathing pattern in @entity1 with chronic non-specific @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and in healthy subjects, both at rest and during motor control tests. Ten healthy subjects and ten @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 participated at this case-control study. The breathing pattern was evaluated at rest (standing and supine position during both relaxed @entity1353 ) and while performing clinical motor control tests, i.e. bent knee fall out and active straight leg raise. A blinded observer analyzed the breathing pattern of the @entity1 using visual inspection and manual palpation. Costo-diaphragmatic breathing was considered as optimal breathing pattern. Subjects filled in visual analog scales for the assessment of @entity158 intensity during the tests. At rest, no significant differences were found between the breathing pattern of @entity1 and healthy subjects (P > 0.05). In contrast, significantly more altered breathing patterns were observed in chronic @entity1643 - @entity1 during motor control tests (P = 0.01). Changes in breathing pattern during motor control tests were not related to @entity158 severity (P > 0.01), but were related to motor control dysfunction (P = 0.01).

title: Altered breathing patterns during lumbopelvic motor control tests in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing and deep breathing']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Current @entity1 -reported outcome measures of fatigue in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) have limitations, providing only a global perspective. This study constructed a questionnaire (the Bristol @entity309 Fatigue Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire [ @entity817 ]) from 45 preliminary questions derived from analysis of @entity1 interviews and surveys and explored its structure for fatigue dimensions. The @entity817 -MDQ and short @entity817 numerical rating scales (NRS) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) for severity, effect, and ability to cope with fatigue were evaluated for validity. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine @entity309 @entity1 with fatigue ( @entity227 score >= 5 of 10) completed preliminary @entity817 and comparator fatigue scales. Iterative analyses informed item removal or retention in the @entity817 -MDQ and identification of subscales (using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and factor analysis to identify dimensions). The @entity817 -MDQ and short scales were tested in relation to potentially associated variables for criterion and construct validity (Spearman's correlation). RESULTS: The 20-item @entity817 had good internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.932), criterion validity (correlation with other fatigue scales: r = 0.643-0.813), and construct validity (correlations with disability, mood, helplessness, and @entity158 : r = 0.340-0.627). Factor analysis showed 4 distinct dimensions (physical fatigue, living with @entity1295 ), which correlated well with the @entity309 Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale (r = 0.548-0.834). The @entity817 @entity227 and NRS showed similar criterion and construct validity. CONCLUSION: The @entity817 instruments include standardized NRS and @entity227 for fatigue severity, effect, and coping, are @entity309 specific, and have evidence to support validity. The @entity817 -MDQ uniquely measures 4 separate dimensions, which may facilitate development of individually-tailored fatigue management programs.

title: Measuring fatigue in @entity309 : a cross-sectional study to evaluate the Bristol @entity309 Fatigue Multi-Dimensional questionnaire, XXXX , and numerical rating scales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scales', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, cognition fatigue, and emotional fatigue']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual analog scales']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report the development and validation of an MDS-based cognitive index, the MDS Cognition Scale (MDS-COGS), by evaluating it against two popular @entity303 rating scales, the @entity2730 ( @entity2730 ) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). DESIGN: A Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Two hundred nursing home residents. MEASUREMENTS: Each study @entity1 was assessed on the @entity2730 and the MMSE by trained medical students. At the same time, but independent of the medical students, a geriatric nurse completed the Minimum Data Set (MDS) instrument on each @entity1 . MAIN RESULTS: The Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), a categorical measure of cognition that uses MDS items, was compared with the @entity2730 in 133 subjects, using a split-sample technique. The @entity2730 was found to be more appropriate as a 4-stage than a 7-stage scale, with @entity2730 stages 1-4 acting as a single stage. The CPS showed very poor percent agreement with @entity2730 stages 5 and 7 (50% or less) and, therefore, was revised by adding other MDS predictors. The new instrument, designated MDS-COGS, is a 0-10 point scale generated from eight MDS cognitive items. The MDS-COGS was then validated against the 4-stage @entity2730 and MMSE in the remaining 67 nursing home residents. Chance-corrected agreement (kappa) between the MDS-COGS and @entity2730 in the 67 subjects was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.70, 0.88), and percent agreement with @entity2730 stages 5 and 7 was 60% and 85%, respectively. The MDS-COGS was also demonstrated to be a valid measure of @entity73 as defined by the MMSE, with sensitivity, specificity, chance-corrected agreement (kappa), and area under the ROC curve, all above 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: The MDS Cognition Scale, the MDS-COGS, provides a valid measure of the presence and severity of @entity73 in nursing home residents using items from the Minimum Data Set.

title: The MDS Cognition Scale: a valid instrument for identifying and staging nursing home residents with XXXX using the minimum data set.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['Global Deterioration Scale', 'GDS']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: 1. The first five enzymes involved in the degradation of mandelate in @entity11763 have been examined. 2. Induction is not significantly affected by @entity413 . 3. The first three enzymes form a group inducible by mandelate and repressible by @entity10555 , @entity6153 and @entity4588 . 4. The possibility that @entity10555 and @entity6153 act as repressors only after they have been degraded to @entity4588 is unlikely since mutants blocked at suitable points in the pathway have the same repression pattern as the wild type. 5. It is concluded that synthesis of the enzymes is subject to a multi-sensitive repression mechanism that can be independently activated by @entity10555 or @entity6153 or @entity4588 . 6. In each case the repression can be largely overcome by increasing the concentration of the inducer. 7. The enzymes of the first group are thus controlled by a dual system in which induction by the first substrate is opposed by repression exerted by the end product of the first group and by the products of succeeding groups.

title: INDUCTION AND MULTI-SENSITIVE END-PRODUCT REPRESSION IN THE ENZYMIC PATHWAY DEGRADING MANDELATE IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity11763 :: (294,Species) :: ['PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS']


abstract: 1. This study was designed to determine whether @entity18955 exhibits antifibrillatory activity in a @entity1706 + @entity519 -induced model of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) in Langendorff-perfused hearts. 2. Ten minutes after exposure to vehicle or @entity18955 (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microM), hearts were exposed to @entity1706 (1.25 microM), then subjected to 12 min of @entity519 and reoxygenated. Onset to @entity2224 was recorded. Additional groups of hearts were pretreated with UK-68,798 (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 microM), a delayed rectifier channel blocker, and @entity7554 (10 microM), a known @entity855 -dependent K+ channel blocker, and subjected to an identical protocol. 3. @entity18955 decreased the incidence of @entity2224 in a concentration-dependent manner; 7/9 control hearts developed @entity2224 vs 1/9 hearts (P = 0.007, Fisher's Exact) treated with 10.0 microM @entity18955 . In addition, @entity7554 protected hearts from @entity2224 , while UK-68,798 pretreatment did not. 4. In a separate group of hearts, electrically-induced @entity2224 was converted to sinus rhythm in 10/11 hearts after @entity18955 was introduced as a bolus. 5. @entity18955 is capable of preventing @entity2224 in the @entity95 isolated heart in a concentration-dependent manner. We have data to suggest that the ability of @entity18955 to attenuate the effects of @entity1706 + @entity519 in our model may include blockade of metabolically active K+ channels, i.e., KATP ( @entity5217 -sensitive) channel.

title: Antifibrillatory effects of @entity18955 in the XXXX isolated heart.

entities_list: @entity18955 :: ('MESH:C022799', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofilium', 'clofilium']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity7554 :: ('MESH:C052853', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxydecanoate']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1706 :: ('MESH:D020110', 'Chemical') :: ['pinacidil']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The mutation @entity19697 in @entity19698 leads to development of @entity19699 (EA1). Although the mutation has been said to alter activation kinetics and to lower expression, we show here that the underlying molecular mechanisms may be more complex. Although F184 is positioned in the "peripheral" S1 helix, it occupies a central position in the 3D fold. We show in cut-open oocyte voltage-clamp recordings of gating and ionic currents of the Shaker Kv channel expressed in @entity1238 oocytes that F184 not only interacts directly with the gating charges of the S4, but also creates a functional link to the selectivity filter of the neighboring subunit. This link leads to impaired fast and slow inactivation. The effect on fast inactivation is of an allosteric nature considering that fast inactivation is caused by a linked cytosolic ball peptide. The extensive effects of @entity19697 provide a new mechanism underlying @entity2749 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity2749 ( @entity2749 ) is an @entity74 that leads to occasional loss of motor control in combination with variable other symptoms such as vertigo or @entity2704 . @entity2749 type I (EA1), studied here, is caused by mutations in a voltage-gated @entity972 channel that contributes to the generation of electrical signals in the brain. The mechanism by which mutations in voltage-gated @entity972 channels lead to @entity2749 is still unknown and there is no consistent pharmacological treatment. By studying in detail one disease-causing mutation in @entity19698 , we describe a novel molecular mechanism distinct from mechanisms described previously. This mechanism contributes to the understanding of @entity972 channel function in general and might lead to a better understanding of how @entity2749 develops.

title: A Disease Mutation Causing XXXX in the S1 Links Directly to the Voltage Sensor and the Selectivity Filter in Kv Channels.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Episodic ataxia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity19699 :: ('MESH:C564697', 'Disease') :: ['episodic ataxia type I']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity19699 :: (MESH:C564697,Disease) :: ['Episodic Ataxia Type I']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sex across different age groups and over time for @entity64 incidence, 30-day case-fatality, and mortality. METHODS: All first hospitalizations for @entity64 in Scotland (1986 to 2005) were identified using linked morbidity and mortality data. Age-specific rate ratios (RRs) for comparing @entity1 with @entity1 for both incidence and mortality were modeled with adjustment for study year and socioeconomic deprivation. Logistic regression was used to model 30-day case-fatality. RESULTS: @entity1 had a lower incidence of first hospitalization than @entity1 and size of effect varied with age (55 to 64 years, RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.66; >or=85 years, RR=0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96). @entity1 aged 55 to 84 years had lower mortality than @entity1 and again size of effect varied with age (65 to 74 years, RR=0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.81); 75 to 84 years, RR=0.94, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.95). Conversely, @entity1 aged >or=85 years had 15% higher @entity64 mortality than @entity1 (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.18). Adjusted risk of @entity204 within 30 days was significantly higher in @entity1 than @entity1 , and this difference increased over the 20-year period in all age groups (adjusted OR in 55 to 64 year olds 1.23, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.33 in 1986 and 1.51, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.63 in 2005). CONCLUSIONS: We observed lower rates of incidence and mortality in younger @entity1 than @entity1 . However, higher numbers of older @entity1 in the population mean that the absolute burden of @entity64 is greater in @entity1 . Short-term case-fatality is greater in @entity1 of all ages and, worryingly, these differences have increased from 1986 to 2005.

title: Sex differences in incidence, mortality, and survival in individuals with XXXX in Scotland, 1986 to 2005.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination therapy consisting of radiation and local administration of @entity1012 was administered to 73 @entity1 with @entity418 without distant metastases. Seventy @entity1 were examined. The average age was 71 years. There were 60 males and 10 females. The mean @entity5 length was 7.0 cm. METHODS: One mg of @entity1012 was administered endoscopically to and around the cancerous lesion at the beginning of radiotherapy and a second dose of 0.5 mg of @entity1012 was given in the same manner 2 weeks later. X-ray irradiation was given at a daily dose of 1.6-1.8 Gy, five fractions a week. The average total dose was 61.1 Gy. RESULTS: Complete responses were obtained in 49 of the 70 @entity1 (70.0%), and partial responses (PR) in the remaining 21. The 5-year cause-specific survival rate of the 70 @entity1 was 33.1%. The 5-year survival rate of the 49 @entity1 with CR was 44.9%, and there were no @entity1 with PR who survived more than 2 years. The 5-year survival rate of the 13 @entity1 with T1 (UICC, 1987) was 79.6%, of the 24 @entity1 with T2/3 41.1%, and of the 33 @entity1 with T4 11.6%. The 5-year survival rates of the 18 @entity1 with @entity5 less than 5 cm in length and the 40 @entity1 with @entity5 5 to 10 cm were 59.9 and 37.9%, respectively. In the @entity1 with @entity5 more than 10 cm in length, the 4-year survival rate was 14.6%. Sixty-nine of the 70 @entity1 were discharged in @entity558 and were able to take food orally. CONCLUSIONS: This combination therapy may contribute not only to the survival rate, but also to @entity1 ' quality of life.

title: A pilot study of combination therapy of radiation and local administration of XXXX for @entity418 . Five-year survival and local control rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1012 :: (MESH:D010844,Chemical) :: ['OK-432']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors which influence surgeons in their decision to treat blunt @entity130 in adults by observation, splenorrhaphy or splenectomy. DESIGN: Decision analysis. SETTING: Army hospital, USA. MATERIAL: 56 Selected papers on the treatment of @entity130 published between 1983 and 1993. INTERVENTION: Variables evaluated included the incidence of transfusion, postsplenectomy @entity295 , posttransfusion @entity99 , @entity3619 , @entity82 , and rebleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality adjusted life expectancies (QALE) after each procedure. RESULTS: QALEs when the mean incidence of each variable was used in the decision analysis were 39.68 years for observation, 39.56 years for splenorrhaphy, and 38.94 years for splenectomy. Sensitivity analysis showed that when the incidence of transfusion was controlled, splenorrhaphy was superior, and both splenorrhaphy and observation were superior to splenectomy. Once a @entity1 had been given blood products the advantages of non-operative management were lost. CONCLUSIONS: Only @entity1 with minor @entity130 who did not require blood transfusion should be treated by observation. @entity1 who require blood transfusion should be explored with the object of salvaging the spleen. Some @entity1 with severe, devitalising injuries will require splenectomy despite the best attempts to salvage the organ.

title: Blunt XXXX in adults: a decision analysis comparing options for treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic trauma', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Positive urinary antigen tests (UAT) for @entity7706 in @entity497 ( @entity497 ) may lead to targeted antibiotic therapy. We report an audit aimed at defining the link between mortality and targeted therapy. We conducted a retrospective multicentre audit of @entity1 with severe @entity497 for whom a UAT was positive for @entity2260 . @entity1 admitted from January 2010 to December 2013 to 8 medical centres (from A to H) were included. Co-morbidities were defined by the specific treatment administered before hospital care, or if the diagnosis was newly established during the hospital stay. We used the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) to assess disease severity. Only @entity1 with PSI   >   90 were included. Antibiotic treatments and the PSI were extracted from @entity1 ' charts. @entity115 had to be prescribed as a targeted antibiotic treatment or at the time of antibiotic reassessment. A total of 389 @entity1 were included. The mean (  STD) PSI score was 128        29; 38.9  % of the @entity1 had a class 5 PSI score. Intensive care was required for 36.6  % of the @entity1 . @entity115 was initially prescribed in 47 cases (12.1  %) and in 34 cases after reassessment (8.7  %). In logistic regression analysis, we found three parameters associated with mortality: being hospitalised in institution D, class 5 PSI score, and @entity5 . In contrast, three antibiotic regimens were protective factors, including targeted therapy: OR   =   0.09, p   <   0.001. In the context of severe @entity497 with positive UAT for @entity2260 , targeted therapy was associated with a reduction in mortality.

title: Severe XXXX and positive urinary antigen test for @entity2260 : @entity115 is associated with a favourable outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study verifies clinical results of using a @entity16265 ( @entity1480 ) tent without a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane for root coverage. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1464 (in 16 @entity1 ) were treated with a @entity1480 tent inserted under the coronally positioned gingival flap. The recession level (RL), @entity92 ( @entity92 ), and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) were registered. Statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: In 48 cases, there was a significant reduction in the RL (2.55 +/- 1.11 mm on day 0 and 0.34 +/- 0.65 mm on day 120; P = 0.0001). @entity92 showed the same values at the beginning and end of treatment in 47 cases (0.99 +/- 0.71 mm on days 0 and 120; z = 0.000). There was a significant increase of KMW in 46 cases (2.38 +/- 0.76 mm on day 0 and 3.18 +/- 0.90 mm on day 120; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The association of the @entity1480 tent without the GTR membrane to a coronal sliding flap for root coverage of Miller Class I and @entity1464 allows root coverage, gain of attachment level, and an increase of keratinized mucosa. For root coverage, it is not necessary to use the GTR membrane associated to the @entity1480 tent, thereby reducing surgical costs. Future studies should be conducted to assess the sole performance of the @entity1480 as an alternative method to a connective tissue graft and coronal sliding flap, thus decreasing risks and post-surgery discomfort.

title: The association of a XXXX tent without a guided tissue regeneration membrane to a coronal sliding flap for root coverage.

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['II gingival recessions', 'gingival recessions']

entities_list: @entity16265 :: ('CHEBI:61607', 'Chemical') :: ['polydioxanone']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity16265 :: (CHEBI:61607,Chemical) :: ['polydioxanone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5656 ( @entity5656 ), previously termed bullous congenital ichthyosiform @entity5658 or @entity5656 , is a clinically heterogeneous genodermatosis caused by mutations in the genes encoding the suprabasal keratins 1 and 10. Classical @entity5656 is clinically characterized by severe @entity5658 , blistering and fragile skin in infancy, quickly subsiding with subsequent development of generalized scaling @entity5656 . We report three Dutch families with @entity709 and mild blistering, but without @entity5658 and generalized scaling. A novel heterozygous missense mutation in the linker L12 domain of @entity19488 : @entity24699 , @entity24700 was found associated with this phenotype in these families. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the novel @entity19488 : @entity24700 and the one other previously reported @entity19488 : @entity24701 mutations on keratinocyte cytoskeleton formation and stress resistance. METHODS: Wild-type and mutant pEGFP- @entity19488 fusion constructs were transfected into HaCaT cells and exposed to @entity1457 . Haplotyping and genealogical studies were performed to investigate the possibility of a common founder for @entity24700 . RESULTS: Cells transfected with either one of the keratin 1 L12 domain mutations showed significantly increased tonofilament aggregation. The haplotype around the @entity19488 gene was shared in all affected family members of two families and a common founder was traced. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the pathogenicity of the keratin 1 L12 domain mutations in vitro. These mutations are associated with a milder @entity5656 phenotype with pronounced @entity709 , and without @entity5658 and scaling. The @entity19488 : @entity24700 mutation in the Dutch families is likely to have arisen from a common founder.

title: A novel mutation in the L12 domain of keratin 1 is associated with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolytic hyperkeratosis', 'hyperkeratosis', 'EI', 'Epidermolytic ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmotic shock']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity24700 :: ('p|SUB|D|340|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Asp340Gly']

entities_list: @entity24701 :: ('p|SUB|D|340|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Asp340Val']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma', 'neonatal erythroderma']

answer: @entity5656 :: (MESH:D017488,Disease) :: ['epidermolytic ichthyosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The MDS-UPDRS ( @entity717 Society - Unified @entity191 Rating Scale) is the most widely used scale for rating impairment in @entity1726 . Subscores measuring @entity2845 have low reliability that can be subject to rater variability. Novel technological tools can be used to overcome such issues. OBJECTIVE: To systematically explore and describe the available technologies for measuring limb @entity2845 in @entity1726 that were published between 2006 and 2016. METHODS: A systematic literature search using PubMed (MEDLINE), IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus and Engineering Village (Compendex and Inspec) databases was performed to identify relevant technologies published until 18 October 2016. RESULTS: 47 technologies assessing @entity2845 in @entity1726 were identified, 17 of which offered home and clinic-based assessment whilst 30 provided clinic-based assessment only. Of the eligible studies, 7 were validated in a @entity1726 @entity1 population only, whilst 40 were tested in both @entity1726 and healthy control groups. 19 of the 47 technologies assessed @entity2845 only, whereas 28 assessed other parkinsonian features as well. 33 technologies have been described in additional @entity1726 -related studies, whereas 14 are not known to have been tested beyond the pilot phase. CONCLUSION: Technology based tools offer advantages including objective motor assessment and home monitoring of symptoms, and can be used to assess response to intervention in clinical trials or routine care. This review provides an up-to-date repository and synthesis of the current literature regarding technology used for assessing limb @entity2845 in @entity1726 . The review also discusses the current trends with regards to technology and discusses future directions in development.

title: Technologies Assessing Limb Bradykinesia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urokinase plasminogen activator system has the potency to promote leukocyte recruitment and blood- @entity5254 barrier breakdown, and thus may play an important pathophysiologic role in @entity4008 . METHODS: @entity5254 and serum concentrations of urokinase-plasminogen activator (urokinase [ @entity2290 ]), @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ), and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) were quantified by ELISA in 12 @entity1 with @entity4008 , control @entity1 (n = 10) with noninflammatory @entity16 , and 10 @entity1 with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ), a disease in which blood- @entity5254 barrier disruption occurs without @entity5254 pleocytosis. Casein zymography was used to determine PA-dependent plasminogen activation in the @entity5254 . RESULTS: A marked increase in @entity2290 -dependent plasminogen activation was detected in the @entity5254 of @entity1 with @entity4008 vs @entity5254 of @entity1 with @entity5011 and controls. Accordingly, ELISA analysis of @entity5254 revealed intrathecal upregulation of @entity2290 protein in @entity1 with @entity4008 . @entity5254 concentrations of @entity10431 and @entity2289 were also elevated in these patients. The serum of @entity1 with @entity4008 showed elevated protein levels of @entity2290 , but not @entity10431 or @entity2289 . Positive correlations were found between blood- @entity5254 barrier breakdown and @entity5254 @entity2290 concentrations, and between @entity5254 pleocytosis and @entity5254 /serum ratios of the potent chemokine @entity10431 in @entity1 with @entity4008 . Furthermore, an adverse clinical outcome in these @entity1 correlated with serum @entity2290 concentrations. CONCLUSION: In @entity4008 , the urokinase plasminogen activator system is involved in leukocyte recruitment and breaching of the blood- @entity5254 barrier, and this may contribute to an unfavorable clinical outcome.

title: Role of the urokinase plasminogen activator system in XXXX with @entity4008 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A system is described for differentiating clin  cal isolates of @entity6368 based on their growth or absence of growth on a set of 11 chemically defined agar media. The complete medium, NEDA, contains all of the compounds required for gonococcal growth; but isolates differ in their ability to grow on NEDA from which selected compounds are individually omitted. The differential compounds include @entity10653 , @entity534 , @entity10608 , @entity1853 , @entity3625 , @entity5537 , @entity9138 , and @entity10654 . A distinctive pattern of growth responses on the standard media defines an auxotype. Twenty auxotypes were found among a group of 251 gonococci which were isolated from @entity1 examined in the clinics of one city during a 3-month span of time. Another collection of 74 strains from several different countries yielded two additional auxotypes. The stability of the nutritional requirements on which the auxotyping depends was verified in two ways. Cultures isolated from different anatomic sites of a @entity1 or from sexual partners represented the same auxotype, as did cultures which were repeatedly isolated from cases of presumptive treatment failures. Also, the auxotypes of gonococci remained the same after numerous subcultures. The reproducibility of results and the variety and number of auxotypes indicate the potential value of the auxotyping system as an epidemiological tool.

title: XXXX auxotyping: differentiation of clinical isolates based on growth responses on chemically defined media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity10654 :: ('MESH:D013835', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no validated methods to preoperatively identify @entity1 with increased risk of discharge to skilled nursing facilities following resection of @entity356 . We sought to identify preoperative predictors of @entity3389 to optimize transition of care to skilled nursing facility. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity356 from 2000 to 2012 from seven participating institutions of the US @entity356 Collaborative were analyzed. Fisher's exact tests, Student t tests, and logistic regression analyses identified preoperative variables associated with @entity3389 . A prediction tool was created and validated through c-indices. Survival analysis was conducted according to the methods of Kaplan and Meier. RESULTS: Out of the 918 @entity1 identified, 93 (10  %) were discharged to nonhome location. Univariate analysis identified advancing age, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, @entity101 , decreasing preoperative albumin, and lack of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as risk factors for @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ). Multivariable analysis identified advanced age (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.07, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   1.04-1.10, p   <   0.0001), depressed preoperative albumin (OR   =   2.17, 95  % CI   =   1.47-3.19, p   =   0.0001), and total gastrectomy (OR   =   2.56, 95  % CI   =   1.53-4.3, p   =   0.0003) as risk factors for @entity3389 . The c-index of the model and the validation population were 0.76 and 0.8, respectively. Additionally, there was an association of decreased overall survival in @entity1 discharged to nonhome location (35.5  months, home discharge, vs 12  months, @entity3389 , p   <   0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 with compromised nutritional status have greater risk of @entity3389 following resection of @entity356 . The prediction tool can augment preoperative planning to optimize transition of care to skilled nursing facility.

title: Can the Risk of Non-home Discharge After Resection of @entity356 Be Predicted: a Seven-Institution Study of the US XXXX Collaborative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['non-home discharge', 'NHD']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The development of @entity1002 after mitral valve replacement is a common problem in @entity1 with chronic severe @entity339 . Assessment of @entity296 enables myocardial contractility to be accurately estimated. Our aim was to compare the value of the preoperative strain and strain rate derived by either speckle-tracking echocardiography or tissue Doppler imaging ( @entity10345 ) for predicting the medium-term decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following surgery. METHODS: This prospective study involved 38 consecutive @entity1 with chronic severe @entity339 who were scheduled for mitral valve replacement. The longitudinal strain and strain rate in the interventricular septum were measured preoperatively using speckle-tracking echocardiography and @entity10345 . The LVEF was determined preoperatively and postoperatively using 3-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiographic assessments were performed in the 48 hours prior to surgery and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 59.9+/-11.3 years and 10 (29.4%) were male. Both speckle-tracking echocardiography and @entity10345 were found to be predictors of a >10% decrease in LVEF at 6 months. However, the predictive value of speckle-tracking echocardiography was greater than that of @entity10345 . The longitudinal strain at baseline in the interventricular septum as measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography was the most powerful predictor; the area under the curve was 0.85 and the optimal cut-off value was -0.11. CONCLUSIONS: Speckle-tracking echocardiography can be used to predict a decrease in LVEF over the medium term after mitral valve replacement. Moreover, the predictive accuracy of speckle-tracking echocardiography was greater than that of @entity10345 .

title: Assessment of @entity296 : Predicting medium-term XXXX after surgery in @entity1 with chronic @entity339 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mental health and social outcomes following acquired @entity1545 (ABI) in @entity1 are often considered to be due to brain insult, but other factors, such as environment, may also play a role. We assessed mental health and social function in @entity1 with @entity102 , with and without @entity64 (a form of ABI), and @entity245 ( @entity245 ) controls to examine environmental influences on these outcomes. We recruited 36 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity64 , 15 with @entity102 , and 43 @entity245 controls. @entity1 and parents completed questionnaires rating @entity1 mental health and social function and distal and proximal environment. @entity245 @entity1 had significantly less internalizing and social problems than @entity64 and @entity565 groups, and engaged in more social activities than @entity1 with @entity64 . Poorer parent mental health predicted more internalizing and social problems and lower social participation. @entity409 was associated with internalizing problems. Lower parent education contributed to @entity1 's social function. @entity1 with @entity102 are at elevated risk of poorer mental health and social function. @entity75 leads to poorer social participation. Quality of home environment contributes to @entity1 's outcomes, suggesting that supporting parent and family function provides an opportunity to optimize @entity1 mental health and social outcomes.

title: Environmental Contributions to Social and Mental Health Outcomes Following Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Addition of brain insult']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Family dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity130 Associated Severe @entity548 (TASH)-Score has been recognized as an easy-to-calculate scoring system to predict the probability for massive transfusion (MT) as a surrogate for life-threatening @entity548 after injury. Changes with respect to management and outcome of these @entity1 over time prompted a revalidation and an update of the TASH-Score. METHODS: The performance of the TASH-Score developed from the 1993-2003 TR-DGU database ( @entity130 Registry Deutsche Gesellschaft f  r Unfallchirurgie/German @entity130 Society) was revalidated on 5834 datasets from the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database with respect to discrimination, precision and calibration. The performance of the TASH-Score applied onto the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database was compared to its initial performance, and the logistic function to calculate the probability for MT was modified for score adjustment. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: When the original TASH-Score was applied onto the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database, a slight increase in discrimination was observed while precision was considerably lower. The predicted rate for MT within the development dataset was 13  9% while the observed incidence was 14  1%. In contrast, the predicted rate for MT within the revalidation dataset was 11  7%, while the observed rate was 8  4%. The logistic function to calculate MT probability was modified, and the TASH-Score was again evaluated against the most recent TR-DGU 2004-2007 database. The high performance of the score was not only restored but enhanced reflected by an increased ROC/AUC of 0  905. The score can be calculated quickly upon arrival of the @entity1 in the emergency department and may be supportive to @entity1003 , to activate logistics and for research.

title: Revalidation and update of the TASH-Score: a scoring system to predict the probability for massive transfusion as a surrogate for life-threatening XXXX after severe injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['correct coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'Haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In normal-tension @entity726 , @entity1781 occurs without elevated intraocular pressures, hence vascular and pathogenic mechanisms other than intraocular pressure effects have been postulated. However, the exact cause(s) remain unknown. We have looked for an association between normal-tension @entity726 and @entity387 , a disease characterized by repetitive upper @entity1224 , inducing @entity519 and @entity25 with the risk of late cardiovascular and neurological sequelae. METHODS: We performed overnight polysomnography in 16 consecutive Caucasian @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 . The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) during night sleep was used to diagnose and @entity27 . @entity1 with an RDI of 10 or more were diagnosed as @entity27 . RESULTS: We observed the following prevalences of @entity27 in normal-tension @entity726 @entity1 : 0% (0 of 2) for the group of @entity1 younger than 45 years, 50% (3 of 6) for the age group 45-64 years, and 63% (5 of 8) for the group older than 64 years. Prevalences in the middle and older age group were significantly higher than in a historic control group (p < 0.025 for both, binomial test). CONCLUSION: Normal-tension @entity726 @entity1 constitute a high-risk population for @entity387 . Therefore, they should be screened for @entity387 , and, if necessary, be treated to avoid late cardiovascular and neurological sequelae.

title: Normal-tension @entity726 is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['having obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'grade obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disruption']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstructions during sleep']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: During corticogenesis, neurons adopt different migration pathways to reach their final position. The precursors of pyramidal neurons migrate radially, whereas most of the @entity1246 -containing interneurons are generated in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially into the neocortex. Then, they use a radial migration mode to establish themselves in an inside-out manner in the neocortex, similarly to pyramidal neurons. In @entity1 , the most severe defects in radial migration result in @entity12199 . Lately, a few studies suggested that @entity12199 was also associated with tangential neuronal migration deficits. In the present report, we investigated potential anomalies of this migration mode in three @entity751 due to defects in the @entity24626 , @entity15590 and @entity23019 genes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded supra- and infratentorial structures using calretinin, calbindin and @entity15537 antisera. The results were compared with age-matched control brain tissue. In the @entity4289 , GABAergic neurons were found both in upper layers of the cortex and in heterotopic positions in the intermediate zone and in ganglionic eminences. In the @entity15590 mutant brain, few interneurons were dispersed in the cortical plate, with a massive accumulation in the intermediate zone and subventricular zone as well as in the ganglionic eminences. In the @entity23019 -mutated brain, the cortical plate contained almost exclusively pyramidal cells and was devoid of interneurons. The ganglionic eminences and basal ganglia were poorly cellular, suggesting an interneuron production and/or differentiation defect. These data argue for different mechanisms of telencephalic tangential migration impairment in these three @entity751 .

title: Evidence for tangential migration disturbances in XXXX @entity12199 resulting from a defect in @entity24626 , @entity15590 and @entity23019 genes.

entities_list: @entity4289 :: ('MESH:D054221', 'Disease') :: ['Miller-Dieker syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['lissencephaly']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['agyric/pachygyric syndromes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In this study a reversed phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using charged aerosol detection (CAD) was developed and fully validated for the pharmaceutical quality control of @entity10387 ( @entity2574 ). With a slight modification, the method also allows the evaluation of related substances in @entity5098 (Ala). The method enables simultaneous control of related @entity1522 and of possibly occurring organic acids contaminants. A minimum limit of quantification of 0.03% could be achieved for all occurring related substances. Moreover, the detector sensitivity of the CAD was compared with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Depending on the analyte the CAD was found to be 3.6-42 times more sensitive than the ELSD. The HPLC method was applied to the purity testing of 8 samples of pharmaceutical grade and reagent grade @entity2574 and of 12 samples of Ala supplied by various manufacturers. Both substances were found to be of high purity (greater than 99.8% for @entity2574 and greater than 99.9% for Ala). @entity5910 and Ala were the major impurities in @entity2574 . @entity2574 and @entity367 ( @entity367 ) were the only detectable impurities in Ala.

title: Control of impurities in XXXX and @entity5098 by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a corona charged aerosol detector.

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity10387 :: ('CHEBI:17053', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity5910 :: ('MESH:C030298', 'Chemical') :: ['Malic acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid', 'Glu']

answer: @entity10387 :: (CHEBI:17053,Chemical) :: ['L-aspartic acid']


abstract: Packing therapy is an adjunct symptomatic treatment used for @entity2438 and/or @entity2436 . Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity245 who developed @entity2436 . At admission, @entity2437 symptoms were severe and the @entity1 required a feeding tube. @entity2934 up to 15 mg/day moderately improved the @entity2437 symptoms. On day 36 we added @entity905 and on day 62 we added packing therapy (twice per week, 10 sessions). After three packing sessions, the @entity1 showed a significant clinical improvement (P<0.001). At discharge (day 96), he was able to return to his special education program. Although we do not consider packing as a psychodynamic treatment, this case challenges the concept of embodied self that has opened new perspectives on a dialogue between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Indeed, better body representation following packing sessions, as shown in @entity1 's drawing, paralleled clinical improvement, and supports the concept of embodied self. This concept may serve as a link between psychoanalysis and attachment theory, developmental psychology with the early description of "sense of self", and @entity73 that more and more support the concept of embodied cognition. Further clinical studies are necessary to clarify the efficacy and underlying mechanism of packing treatment and to understand how @entity1 's experience may illustrate the concept of embodied self.

title: @entity2934 , @entity905 and packing therapy in an adolescent with @entity245 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive neurosciences']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorazepam']

answer: @entity2436 :: (MESH:D002389,Disease) :: ['catatonia']


abstract: High concentrations of lipids in ascites fluid caused by @entity298 have been described recently. Since their nature has not yet been clarified, we isolated ascitic lipids from 25 @entity1 with various @entity5 for further characterization. After chromatography on Sephadex G-100 gels, the ascitic lipids were fractionated on a Biogel A-5m column in three peaks. The second and third peaks were identified as low and high density lipoproteins, which were most likely of plasmatic origin, and represented the major amounts of ascitic lipids. The first peak was eluted in the void volume, indicating a molecular weight over 5 million. It consisted, on the average, of 65.3% protein, 16.2% @entity1674 , 7.4% phospholipids, and 7.0% @entity165 . In a CsCl gradient, this protein-lipid complex floated in the density range from 1.128 to 1.181 g/ml. @entity3208 : @entity2975 gel electrophoresis separated up to 11 protein subunits (Mr 29,000 to 97,000), and electron microscopy revealed globular particles of 36 to 64 nm in diameter. The macromolecular complex showed no immunological reaction against anti-alpha- and anti-beta-lipoproteins, but a single precipitation line against anti-liver-specific lipoprotein was seen. The biochemical characteristics of this protein-lipid complex proved to have a close relationship to liver-specific lipoprotein. It is most likely derived from cell membranes of the peritoneum detached by @entity189 .

title: Isolation and characterization of a cellular protein-lipid complex from ascites fluid caused by various XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: As the number of drivers over the age of 65 years increases, new @entity130 patterns are emerging. The use of lap-shoulder restraints, in this population, is beginning to play an important role in new findings about their injuries. Restraint use in motor vehicle crash victims, in relation to average @entity1984 score, ISS, and number of hospital and ICU days, was studied at a level I @entity130 center. The control group consisted of 100 @entity1 between the ages of 35 and 45 years, who were involved in motor vehicle impacts (MVIs) from January 1990 through January 1992. The study group consisted of 120 @entity1 over the age of 65 years who were involved in MVIs from January 1987 through January 1992. In the control group, restraint use was associated with a lower average @entity1984 score--3.39 versus 7.35 for the unrestrained victims. In addition, the restrained victims spent fewer days in the ICU--0.08 versus 0.30 days for the unrestrained victims; and fewer @entity2132 .0 days for the unrestrained victims. The general pattern of lower average @entity1984 scores in restrained victims was also seen in the study group. However, in the study group, lap-shoulder belt-restrained @entity1 had higher average @entity1984 scores, in the chest region, than unrestrained @entity1 --0.92 (SE 1.60) versus 0.71 (SE 1.47), respectively. These findings indicate that physicians must be aware of restraint patterns of @entity764 in elderly @entity1 . Aggressive triage criteria and @entity358 , especially in @entity1 with @entity174 , sternal fractures, @entity358 , should become integral parts of @entity130 resuscitation protocols in elderly @entity1 .

title: Three-point restraints as a risk factor for XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['hospital days--1.08 versus 2']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['vigorous pulmonary toilet', 'and pulmonary contusions']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest injury']


abstract: We try to answer the question of to what extent details in nutrient uptake and phytoplankton physiology matter for population and @entity497 dynamics. To this end, we study how two nutrients interact in limiting phytoplankton growth. A popular formulation uses a product-rule for nutrient uptake, which we compare with that on the basis of synthesizing units. We first fit different nutrient uptake models to a dataset and conclude that the quantitative differences between the models are small. Then we study the sensitivity of phytoplankton growth and @entity13997 ( @entity13997 ) models to uptake formulations. Two population models are compared; they are based on different assumptions on the relation between nutrient uptake and phytoplankton growth. We find that the population and @entity497 models are sensitive to uptake formulations. According to the uptake formulation used in the @entity13997 models, qualitative differences can be observed. Indeed, although two models based on functions with similar shapes have close equilibria, these can differ in stability properties. Since stability involves the derivatives of formulas, even if two formulas provide close values, large numerical differences in the stability criterion may occur after derivation. We conclude that mechanistic details can be of importance for @entity497 modelling.

title: How far details are important in ecosystem modelling: the case of multi-limiting nutrients in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions', 'ZPi']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community']

answer: @entity13997 :: (MESH:C563663,Disease) :: ['phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions']