abstract: The enzyme group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, so-called tissue inhibitors of matrix-metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are crucial mediators responsible for wound repair after parenchymal damage. Little is known about the role of MMPs and TIMPs in severe @entity295 . The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate their levels in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and to examine their association with prognosis. @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) plasma levels were measured by ELISA methods in 37 @entity1 on day 1 of severe @entity295 . 37 healthy volunteers served as controls. Levels of @entity1495 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 and @entity650 in septic @entity1 were significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p<0.001), whereas @entity1476 levels were not different in @entity1 and controls. @entity2843 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors (4675+/-435 ng/ml, mean+/-SEM) compared to survivors of severe @entity295 (3201+/-249 ng/ml; p<0.01). Septic @entity1 with @entity2843 values >3200 ng/ml were 4.5 times more likely to die than @entity1 with lower values (RR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.14-17.6, p = 0.014). Our results indicate that @entity1495 , @entity1552 and @entity2843 are elevated in severe @entity295 . Furthermore, @entity2843 may serve as a useful laboratory marker to predict the clinical outcome of @entity1 presenting with severe @entity295 .

title: Matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors are elevated in severe @entity295 : prognostic value of XXXX in severe @entity295 .

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that prevents angiogenesis by inhibiting @entity7 ( @entity7 ) activity. Clinically, it has been used to treat a diverse range of @entity5 types. In this pilot phase II study, we investigated the efficacy and safety profiles of bevacizumab in combination with @entity1205 plus @entity900 for @entity1 with advanced @entity1722 -negative metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2005 and 2008, 20 @entity1 with @entity0 were recruited from the Taipei Medical University Hospital. Bevacizumab was administered every two weeks in a 12-cycle treatment with @entity1205 plus @entity900 . The primary end-point for this study was the overall response rate. The secondary end-points were progression-free survival and the safety profiles of the combined therapy. RESULTS: The average number of treatment cycles was 10.5 with a response rate of 80%. @entity1398 and @entity16 were the most commonly observed adverse events. Seven @entity1 achieved complete remission and nine @entity1 achieved partial remission. For the overall @entity1 group in this study, the median time-to-progression and overall survival were 28.0 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. The median time-to-progression and overall survival for the 10 @entity1 that completed all 12 cycles of treatment were 64.0 weeks and 80 weeks, respectively. In one @entity1 , a very rapid reduction in the level of @entity0 was observed one week post-treatment. CONCLUSION: Based on this pilot study, bevacizumab in combination with @entity1205 and @entity900 is likely to be an effective treatment option for metastatic @entity0 that warrants further study.

title: Bevacizumab plus @entity1205 and XXXX for metastatic @entity0 : a pilot phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer lung metastases', 'breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A 4.5-year-old, Holstein-Friesian @entity291 presented with a 1-month history of severe exercise intolerance. Rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography revealed a large mass in the left retroperitoneum. The heart rate was 70 to 80/min. @entity1540 and ventricular bigeminy were present on an electrocardiogram. Erythrocytosis was present and blood gas analysis revealed marked hypoxaemia. An echocardiogram demonstrated a large @entity1757 , a partially dextroposed aorta, and @entity1184 of the right ventricular free wall. Colour flow Doppler echocardiography and a contrast echocardiographic study demonstrated a right-to-left shunt through the @entity1757 . @entity6924 was diagnosed. The @entity1 was euthanased. Necropsy confirmed the gross cardiac lesions identified by echocardiography and an abscess in the apex of the left ventricle. Severe @entity358 were present, consistent with a marked increased in pulmonary vascular resistance. @entity1679 was cultured from abscesses of the retroperitoneum and the ventricular apex.

title: XXXX in a Holstein-Friesian @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1679 :: ('1661', 'Species') :: ['Actinomyces pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Premature ventricular complexes']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenger's complex"]

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger's complex']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mortality in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) @entity1 with @entity943 ( @entity13974 ) has been shown to be higher than those without @entity13974 . However, there is a paucity of data on @entity13974 among @entity1187 @entity1 in the Middle Eastern countries. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of @entity1 admitted in 17 government hospitals with @entity1187 between December 2005 and December 2007. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were categorized as having @entity13974 if they experienced either @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) or sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or both. RESULTS: Of 5055 @entity1 with @entity1187 enrolled in the SPACE registry, 168 (3.3%) were diagnosed with @entity13974 and 151 (98.8%) occurred in-hospital. The vast majority (74.4%) occurred in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 . In addition, males were twice as likely to develop @entity13974 than females (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.13). Killip class >I (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3-3.1); and systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg (OR 6.4; 95% CI 3.5-11.8) were positively associated with @entity13974 . Those admitted with @entity407 (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.3-0.7) had a lower risk of developing @entity13974 . Adverse in-hospital outcomes including re- @entity583 , @entity1455 , @entity712 , major @entity548 , and @entity64 were higher for @entity1 with @entity13974 (P <=.01 for all @entity13974 ) and signified a poor prognosis. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity13974 @entity1 compared with non- @entity13974 @entity1 (27% vs 2.2%; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital @entity13974 in Saudi @entity1 with @entity1187 was associated with remarkably high rates of adverse events and increased in-hospital mortality. Using a well-developed registry data with a large number of @entity1 , our study documented for the first time the prevalence and risk factors of @entity13974 in unselected population of @entity1187 .

title: Incidence of @entity943 and associated @entity1 outcomes in hospitalized @entity1187 XXXX in Saudi Arabia: findings from the registry of the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPACE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining @entity1945 with other cytotoxics has been problematic due to marrow suppression. A phase I trial was initiated to identify the optimal sequence and maximum-tolerated dose of @entity1945 in combination with @entity1311 and @entity3003 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 and performance status ECOG < or = 2. The starting dose was @entity1311 175 mg/m2 day 1, @entity3003 AUC 6.0 day 1, and @entity1945 0.5 mg/m2 daily day 1-5 (early sequence). The next course of @entity1311 and @entity3003 administration was delayed to day 5 (late sequence). Treatment was repeated every three weeks. After determining maximum-tolerated dose without cytokines, @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) was added and further dose escalation was pursued. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were entered; @entity1 : @entity1 ratio 30:21. Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) for the early sequence was @entity1398 at doses @entity1311 mg/m2/ @entity3003 AUC 5/ @entity1945 mg/m2 (PCT) 175/5/0.75 for four to five days. DLT for the late sequence was @entity1398 at PCT doses of 175/5/ 1.0 for four days. @entity1261 5 microg/kg subcutaneously starting day 6 permitted further @entity1945 dose escalation. After adding @entity1261 , late sequence DLT was @entity1398 at doses 175/5/1.25 for four days. Forty-six @entity1 were evaluable for response and of those, there were thirteen partial responses. CONCLUSIONS: The late sequence resulted in less @entity137 and was better tolerated. The early sequence maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was 175/6/0.5 for five days. The late sequence MTD was PCT 175/5/0.75 for five days. The late sequence MTD with @entity1261 was 175/5/1.0 for four days. The recommended phase II PCT dose is the late sequence 175/5/1.0 for four days with @entity1261 .

title: Phase I dose escalation study of XXXX combined with alternating schedules of @entity1311 and @entity3003 in advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: It is unclear whether the protective effects of @entity460 antagonists on reperfused myocardium are secondary to increased blood flow during @entity63 (anti- @entity63 action) or reperfusion (Gregg phenomenon), or are mediated through altered @entity460 kinetics in @entity63 or reperfused myocardium. To study the effect of the @entity460 antagonist @entity10129 on the functional recovery of stunned myocardium, 32 @entity4488 -anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to 15 min of occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery and subsequent 4 h of reperfusion. Eight @entity235 served as placebo controls (group I), and eight @entity235 received @entity10129 (5 micrograms/kg i.v.) before occlusion (group II), eight @entity235 at 10 min of occlusion (group III), and eight @entity235 at 4 min of reperfusion (group IV). The mean aortic pressure was kept constant with an intra-aortic balloon, and the heart rate did not change. In group I, posterior systolic wall thickening (WT, sonomicrometry) decreased from 18.3 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SD) during control conditions to -3.0 +/- 2.0% at 13 min of occlusion. At 10 min of reperfusion, WT was 1.7 +/- 3.9% and did not recover further (-1.2 +/- 3.7% at 4 h of reperfusion). Posterior transmural blood flow (BF, colored microspheres) decreased from 1.42 +/- 0.43 ml/min/g during control conditions to 0.26 +/- 0.08 ml/min/g at 13 min of occlusion. BF was 2.07 +/- 0.93 ml/min/g at 10 min and 0.95 +/- 0.31 ml/min/g at 4 h of reperfusion. In groups III and IV, the WT and BF were not different from those in group I throughout the experimental protocol. In group II, however, the WT, although similar to the WT of group I before and during @entity63 , recovered from 2.7 +/- 4.3% at 10 min to 11.8 +/- 6.0% at 4 h of reperfusion (p less than 0.05 vs. groups I, III, and IV). The BF in group II decreased from 2.52 +/- 0.66 ml/min/g after administration of @entity10129 to 0.22 +/- 0.14 ml/min g at 13 min of occlusion. The BF was 1.31 +/- 0.51 ml/min/g at 10 min and 1.33 +/- 0.43 ml/min/g at 4 h of reperfusion. @entity10129 exerts no beneficial effect when given immediately before or after the onset of reperfusion. The improved functional recovery of reperfused myocardium in @entity235 pretreated with @entity10129 cannot be attributed to an increased regional myocardial blood flow during @entity63 or reperfusion. The better myocardial recovery, therefore, appears to be related to an attenuated myocardial @entity460 overload during the first few minutes of @entity63 .

title: The XXXX antagonist @entity10129 improves the functional recovery of reperfused myocardium only when given before @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine', 'Nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare mesenchymal smooth @entity121 that can arise anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Sporadic mutations within the @entity4149 kinase receptors of the interstitial cells of Cajal have been identified as the key molecular step in @entity674 . Although many @entity1 are asymptomatic, the most common associated symptoms include: @entity490 , @entity2210 , @entity1084 , and @entity448 . Rarely, @entity674 can perforate causing life-threatening hemoperitoneum. Most are ultimately diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging studies (i.e., computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging in combination with upper endoscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonographic localization of these @entity5 within the smooth muscle layer and acquisition of neoplastic spindle cells harboring mutations in the @entity2467 gene is pathognomonic. Curative treatment requires a complete gross resection of the @entity5 . Both open and minimally invasive operations have been shown to reduce recurrence rates and improve long-term survival. While there is considerable debate over whether @entity674 can be benign neoplasms, we believe that all @entity674 have malignant potential, but vary in their propensity to recur after resection and metastasize to distant organ sites. Prognostic factors include location, size (i.e., > 5 cm), grade (> 5-10 mitoses per 50 high power fields and specific mutational events that are still being defined. Adjuvant therapy with @entity4149 kinase inhibitors, such as @entity2213 , has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence after one year of therapy. Treatment of locally-advanced or borderline resectable @entity1820 with neoadjuvant @entity2213 has been shown to induce regression in a minority of @entity1 and stabilization in the majority of cases. This treatment strategy potentially reduces the need for more extensive surgical resections and increases the number of @entity1 eligible for curative therapy. The modern surgical treatment of @entity1820 combines the novel use of targeted therapy and @entity146 minimally invasive surgical procedures to provide effective treatment for this lethal, but rare @entity344 .

title: Modern treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST', 'GIST carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 occurs in up to 50% of @entity1 and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to discover if perioperative urinary alkalinization with @entity4388 infusion reduces the prevalence of cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 . DESIGN: This study was a phase IIb multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in New Zealand and Australia. @entity1 : A total of 427 @entity1 scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery, who were at increased risk of development of cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 using recognized risk factors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either @entity4388 (n = 215) or @entity2827 (n = 212) infusion, commencing at the start of anesthesia, in a dose of 0.5 mEq/kg/hr for the first hour and then 0.2 mmol/kg/hr for 23 hours. The primary outcome measure was the number of @entity1 with development of cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 , defined as an increase in @entity1011 greater than 25% or 0.5 mg/dL (44   mol/L) from baseline to peak value within the first five postoperative days. Significant differences among the groups in both plasma and urinary biochemistry were achieved 6 hours after commencement of the infusion, and these changes persisted for more than 24 hours. A total of 100 out of 215 @entity1 (47% [95% CI, 40%-53%]) in the @entity4388 group and 93 of 212 @entity1 (44% [95% CI, 37%-51%]) in the @entity2827 group with development of @entity810 within the first five postoperative days (p = 0.58). There were also no significant differences in ventilation hours, ICU or hospital length of stay, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative alkalinization of blood and urine using an infusion of @entity4388 did not result in a decrease in the prevalence of @entity810 in @entity1 following cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX infusion to reduce cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 : a phase II multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['Sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Antiarrhythmic drugs have been shown to prolong right atrial refractoriness while data on the left atrium are not available. In @entity1707 we have observed shorter effective refractory periods (ERP) of the left compared with the right atrium associated with a much higher left atrial vulnerability for @entity591 . Since this could suggest a different distribution of repolarizing ion channels in left and right atrium, we investigated whether antiarrhythmic drugs blocking different ion channels have a differential effect on left and right atrial ERP and left atrial vulnerability. METHODS: In pentobarbital-anesthetized @entity1707 (n=40) we measured and compared ERPs in both atria before and after different drugs with the S1-S2 extrastimulus method at three basic cycle lengths (BCL) and assessed the inducibility of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) by the premature S2 stimulus. RESULTS: At the three BCL tested (240/300/400 ms) baseline ERPs were shorter in left vs. right atrium (112+/-2/124+/-2/129+/-2 ms vs. 147+/-2/163+/-2/167+/-2 ms, P<0.001). Mostly non-sustained @entity955 induced by the S2 extrastimulus was very frequent in the left (68%) and nearly absent in the right atrium (3%). Only @entity2643 , 5 mg/kg i.v., which showed a balanced increase of left and right atrial ERP (29+/-5/33+/-4/35+/-3% vs. 30+/-5/35+/-5/42+/-7%), decreased the inducibility of @entity955 significantly (-72%, P<0.01). @entity2781 , 10 microg/kg i.v., had a stronger effect on right than left atrial ERP (36+/-4/39+/-5/46+/-10% vs. 23+/-2/22+/-7/22+/-5%, P<0.05), while @entity6237 , 1 mg/kg i.v., prolonged left more than right atrial ERP (58+/-15/36+/-7/40+/-7% vs. 26+/-5/24+/-5/21+/-4%, P<0.05) similar to 1 mg/ kg of @entity2779 (46+/-5/45+/-7/32+/-10% vs. 17+/-4/21+/-5/ 25+/-8%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The shorter refractoriness of the left compared with the right atrium observed in @entity1707 was associated with a high left atrial vulnerability for @entity591 , which was reduced only by @entity2643 showing a balanced increase of left and right atrial ERP. @entity2781 was stronger on right atrial ERP, @entity6237 and @entity2779 on left atrial ERP. These differences suggest a differential distribution of repolarizing ion channels between left and right atrium with possible relevance for the antiarrhythmic efficacy of drugs.

title: Differential effects of @entity2781 , @entity2643 , and class lc drugs on left and right atrial refractoriness and left atrial vulnerability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['Dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation/flutter', 'AF/AFL']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity286 use in Vietnam and the impact of transnational @entity286 corporations there. DESIGN: In cities, a multistage cluster design; in communes, a systematic sample design, using face-to-face interviews in all sites. SETTING: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and 2 rural communes in Vietnam. @entity1 : Random samples totaling 2004 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and correlates of @entity286 smoking, amount and duration of smoking, age at initiation, quitting behavior, knowledge of health hazards of and attitudes toward smoking, and cigarette brand smoked, preferred, and recognized as most widely advertised. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence among @entity1 (n=970) was 72.8% and 4.3% among @entity1 (n=1031). Male smokers had smoked a mean of 15.5 years; the median age at initiation was 19.5 years. Among male smokers, 16% smoked non-Vietnamese cigarettes. More than twice as many (38%), however, said that they would prefer to smoke a non-Vietnamese brand if they could afford the cost. Among those who recalled any cigarette advertising (38%), 71% recalled a non-Vietnamese brand as the most commonly advertised. Male smokers who were significantly more likely to smoke non-Vietnamese brands lived in the south, were engaged in blue collar or business/service occupations, earned higher incomes, and lived in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam has the highest reported male smoking prevalence rate in the world. Unless forceful steps are taken to reduce smoking among @entity1 and prevent the uptake of smoking by youth and @entity1 , Vietnam will face a @entity283 and economic burden in the near future. Implementation of a comprehensive national @entity286 control campaign together with international regulation will be the keys to the eradication of the @entity286 epidemic in Vietnam and throughout the developing world.

title: @entity286 use in Vietnam. Prevalence, predictors, and the role of the transnational XXXX corporations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['tremendous health']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A radiographic study of the effect of a modern orthotic device in the treatment of @entity309 . OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of a new open-type collar to restrict @entity9807 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity9807 is common in @entity309 , and thus, the development of conservative treatments is important. It has been shown that a custom-made stiff collar significantly restricts @entity9807 in approximately half of @entity1 with unstable @entity9807 . METHODS: In 30 successive @entity1 with @entity309 , lateral view radiographs were taken in flexion, extension, and neutral positions without a collar and in flexion with the Headmaster collar. RESULTS: The mean atlantoaxial distance during flexion was 7.1 +/- 1.8 mm and during extension was 1.0 +/- 1.0 mm, and the mean instability was 6.1 +/- 2.3 mm. In the 20 cases with the greatest stabilizing effect, the mean atlantoaxial distance during flexion with a collar was 1.1 +/- 1.3 mm, whereas in 10 @entity1 with lesser effect it was 6.7 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.0001). The lesser stabilizing effect was associated with the presence of @entity9807 in the neutral position. CONCLUSION: The Headmaster collar is an effective and useful tool in the conservative treatment of simple unstable @entity9807 , but an ordinary custom-made stiff collar is still often needed. These two collars are complementary, and their selection and use must be determined individually.

title: Headmaster collar restricts XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['Atlantoaxial subluxation', 'atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation']


abstract: The development of @entity1200 is presumed to be the most important marker of @entity6425 . The practical difficulties of obtaining small-bowel secretions stimulated this study of the antibody response to @entity6425 at other sites. Forty-four @entity1 admitted to the hospital with @entity1902 had serum, saliva, and feces collected at the acute phase (median, 5.5 days), during convalescence (median, 33.5 days), and 4 months later (median, 12.2 weeks). A subgroup of 19 @entity1 also had duodenal juice collected in parallel. Rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, secretory immunoglobulin, and IgM were measured and compared in all samples. The results showed that the estimation of antirotavirus serum IgM, serum IgG, duodenal juice IgA, and duodenal juice IgM by an enzyme immunoassay indicated an immune response to severe primary @entity6425 in all @entity1 . Four months later, the levels of serum IgG and IgA served as the most sensitive markers of the preceding @entity6425 . The predictive accuracies of immune responses at different sites in relation to a positive IgA immune response in the duodenum were calculated. Fecal IgA predicted duodenal IgA rotavirus antibodies with accuracies of 86% at 1 month and 92% at 4 months. The high sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG in detecting @entity6425 and the high predictive accuracy of fecal IgA as an indicator of duodenal IgA abrogates the need for duodenal intubation to detect (or monitor) an immune response to @entity6425 . This finding has important practical implications for epidemiological studies of acute @entity294 in @entity1 and in rotavirus vaccine trials.

title: Comparison of serum and mucosal antibody responses following severe acute XXXX in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal immunity']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'acute rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor outcomes in Hispanic @entity1 have been reported for @entity5 at a number of sites. The authors sought to determine whether a similar phenomenon occurs in Hispanics after the resection of solid @entity5 of the head of the pancreas. METHODS: Between 1983-1995, 273 @entity1 with @entity189 of the head of the pancreas were evaluated. Resection was accomplished in 104 @entity1 (38%); these @entity1 were the focus of the current retrospective review. Of the @entity1 who underwent resection, 26 (25%) were Hispanic and 78 (75%) were non-Hispanic. RESULTS: Although Hispanic @entity1 tended to present at a significantly younger age and their serum @entity648 level was significantly higher, no other differences in clinical characteristics were observed. After resection, Hispanic @entity1 had a median survival of only 11.4 months, whereas the non-Hispanic group had a median survival of 21.7 months (P = 0.009). Hispanic ethnicity, as well as age > 74 years and @entity1087 at the time of presentation also were found to be significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. Hispanic @entity1 did not present with more @entity1442 and no delays in assessment by a physician or in proceeding to surgery were observed. Furthermore, the rate of resection was the same in Hispanic @entity1 and non-Hispanic @entity1 . Long-term survival after palliative bypass was similarly worse in the Hispanic subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic @entity1 treated at the study center appeared to have a diminished survival after resection of a @entity5 of the head of the pancreas. No treatment-related factors were identified that could explain this discrepancy in outcome.

title: Influence of Hispanic ethnicity on outcome after resection of XXXX of the head of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['noncystic epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: HISTORY AND FINDINGS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system was performed on a 72-year-old @entity1 who was @entity1378 without suppression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and had complained of a recent onset of @entity10 . MRI demonstrated a space-occupying lesion, 1 cm in diameter, in the anterior pituitary. The clinical symptoms were marked by a long-standing monosymptomatic illness of rapidly changing @entity1316 with @entity308 and @entity162 phases. INVESTIGATIONS: Endocrinological-biochemical tests showed @entity1378 (fT3 10.55 pmol/l and fT4 39 pmol/l) but no TSH suppression (TSH: 2.9 microU/ml). Octreotide scintigraphy documented an activity-rich area in the anterior pituitary and the upper anterior mediastinum. Mediastinal MRI revealed a 5 cm space-occupying mass lying on the right atrium. 131I scintigraphy identified the mass as a retrosternal goitre. TREATMENT AND COURSE: As an operation on the anterior pituitary would have carried a high risk for the @entity1 who was in a poor general condition and she had refused to be operated, treatment with octreotide, a long-acting @entity1943 analogue, was initiated. This achieved a euthyroid state with partly suppressed TSH, and the @entity1 's emotional swings ceased. CONCLUSION: If @entity1378 coexists with non-suppressed TSH levels, a TSH-producing hypophyseal @entity652 should be considered in the differential diagnosis despite its rarity. @entity2390 administration is an effective and safe treatment and is the method of choice, especially when there are contraindications to surgical resection of the anterior pituitary.

title: [Monosymptomatic XXXX and TSH-producing @entity652 : successful therapy with @entity2390 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood swings']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Developmental hormonal changes in Cobb 500 @entity1573 embryos and hatched chicks were determined by measuring plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, @entity20019 , @entity1954 , @entity1955 , and @entity413 concentrations at different ages of embryogenesis and posthatch development. Plasma samples were obtained daily from 10 d of embryogenesis (10E) through 13 d posthatch and also at 17 and 21 d posthatch. A significant increase in plasma insulin was observed with increasing age from 10E to hatch. Plasma glucagon levels remained low until 17E, and then significantly increased approximately 3-fold at hatch, which corresponded with increasing plasma @entity413 levels during late embryo development. The plasma insulin to glucagon molar ratio of incubation from 14E to 17E ranged from 2 to 4, and was significantly higher than at any other time during incubation. These results indicate that insulin may be an important promoter of @entity1573 embryonic growth by the anabolic drive to promote @entity1131 . Insulin and glucagon increased after hatch, which may be due to increased feed consumption and increased utilization of @entity3363 as the key energy source, compared with nutrients obtained through lipolysis and proteolysis in the embryos. Plasma @entity1954 increased 4-fold from 18E to 20E, and @entity1955 increased 3-fold from 16E to 19E. Insulin-like growth factor-I and @entity20019 peaked at 14E. Insulin-like growth factor-I steadily increased above embryonic levels during the 3 wk of the posthatch period, whereas @entity20019 levels steadily declined. These results suggest that @entity20019 may be a more important functionary for @entity1573 embryonic development than @entity2090 , and that @entity2090 may be more important than @entity20019 after hatch. The profile of metabolic hormones in the present study may help support an understanding of significant changes that occur in embryonic development and posthatch growth in chicks.

title: Developmental changes of plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factors, thyroid hormones, and XXXX concentrations in @entity1573 embryos and hatched chicks.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 resulting in @entity1188 occurs during hyperacute rejection of allografts transplanted into sensitized @entity1 and remains a major problem in experimental xenotransplantation. A similar process is also found in disorders of diverse etiology including @entity731 , @entity1333 , and disseminated @entity5642 . METHODS: We have previously constructed two membrane-tethered anticoagulant fusion proteins based on @entity1 tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the leech anticoagulant hirudin and demonstrated their functional efficacy in vitro. These constructs have now been modified by the addition of a @entity8729 sequence to the cytoplasmic tail to localize them in Weibel-Palade bodies. They have been transfected into Weibel-Palade body-positive endothelial cells isolated from the inferior vena cava of normal @entity1707 . RESULTS: In resting endothelial cells, fusion protein expression colocalized with @entity8729 and was confined to Weibel-Palade bodies. These cells had a procoagulant phenotype in recalcified @entity1 plasma. However, after activation with @entity4621 the anticoagulant proteins were rapidly relocated to the cell surface where they specifically inhibited the clotting of @entity1 plasma. CONCLUSIONS: Novel anticoagulant molecules may prove useful therapeutic agents for gene therapy in @entity715 and postangioplasty or for transgenic expression in animals whose organs may be used for clinical xenotransplantation. Expression in vascular endothelial cells may be regulated by inclusion of @entity8729 cytoplasmic sequence, to restrict cell surface expression to activated endothelium.

title: Regulated inhibition of coagulation by porcine endothelial cells expressing XXXX -tagged hirudin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor fusion proteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic disease', 'Thrombotic vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity8729 :: (6403,Gene) :: ['P-selectin']


abstract: Perinatal @entity519 / @entity63 (HI) is a common cause of @entity51 in @entity1 . Our goal was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the neurological sequelae of HI-induced @entity1545 . HI was induced by permanent ligation of the left carotid artery followed by 90 min of @entity519 (7.8% O2) in female P7 @entity35 . A two-dimensional differential proteome analysis was used to assess changes in protein expression in cortex 2 h after HI. In total, 17 proteins reflecting a 2-fold or higher perturbation of expression after HI as compared to sham-treated pups were identified by mass spectrometry. Of the altered proteins, @entity43674 and TUC-2, both playing an important role in the development of the central nervous system, decrease after HI, consistent with an early disturbance of cortical development. Also affected, @entity40057 and alpha-synuclein, two proteins important for @entity935 neurotransmission, increased more than 2-fold 2 h after @entity7853 . The differential expression of these proteins was validated by individual Western blot assays. The expression of several metabolic enzymes and translational factors was also perturbed early after @entity7853 . These findings provide initial insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative events after HI and may allow for the rational design of therapeutic strategies that enhance neuronal adaptation and compensation after HI.

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX / @entity63 -induced alteration of cortical development and @entity935 neurotransmission in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI injury', 'HI brain injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: The common way to analyse the prognostic role of selected variables in @entity320 @entity1 is by means of @entity797 proportional hazard model. The prognostic effect of the simultaneous presence of more than one independent variable in the same @entity1 is, however, difficult to establish. This hampers the possibility of tailoring a survival expectance for a selected @entity1 as well as to communicate it to the @entity1 himself/herself. The objectives of the study were to compare information on @entity320 prognosis from multivariate @entity797 proportional hazard model and from Classification And Regression Trees analysis. Classification And Regression Trees analysis is an automatic method that splits data by means of a binary recursive process creating a 'tree' of groups with different profiles according to the analysed outcome, for example, the risk of @entity204 . This approach automatically produces data that is easily interpreted by clinicians. A total of 1403 invasive @entity320 @entity1 , 1110 from the Tuscan Cancer Registry and 293 from the Reggio Emilia Cancer Registry, Italy, were included. Cases were incident during 1996-2001 and followed up at the end of 2003. @entity797 proportional hazard model and Classification And Regression Trees analysis were applied to the following variables: age, sex, Breslow thickness, Clark level, registry, subsite and morphologic type. The Classification And Regression Trees analysis identified 10 categories with statistically different survival; this results were summarized into six classes of different risks based on Breslow thickness, age and sex. The best prognostic group (5-year observed survival, 98.1%) included those subjected with Breslow less than 0.94 mm and age 19-44 years. The same thickness but an older age (50-69 years) was associated with a statistically significant different prognosis (5-year observed survival, 92.8%). The @entity797 proportional hazard model found sex, age, Breslow thickness, Clark and morphologic type to have a significant independent prognostic value. In conclusion, compared with the conventional approach based on @entity797 hazard model, Classification And Regression Trees analysis produces data closer to the clinical need of defining the prognostic profile of a specific @entity1 . This may help the clinician both in the communication of risk and in the follow-up strategy.

title: Prognostic variables and prognostic groups for XXXX . The information from @entity797 and Classification And Regression Trees analysis: an Italian population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a @entity5 of worldwide increased incidence. The vast majority of all @entity14 cases occur in @entity1 older than age 50. The initial stage at the time of diagnosis has a strong influence on the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). According to AJCC sixth edition system, 5-year stage-specific survivals are over 90% in stage I, but only approximately 8% in stage IV [1]. Chemotherapy in combination with biological treatment has improved response rates (RR), with prolongation of progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 . Important role in treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) plays surgical resection of metastases. Multidisciplinary cooperation between medical oncologist, surgeon, radiologist and radiotherapist is necessary to achieve the best therapeutic results. The aim of our analysis was to describe the efficacy of bevacizumab used in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line setting and to evaluate frequency of @entity1031 complications during the treatment. The analysis included 58 @entity1 with mCRC, who have been treated with first-line chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab at the St. @entity5 Institute in Bratislava since 2006 and first assessed for the first therapeutic results in October 2010. The clinical benefit after the treatment represented by overall response rate (ORR) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was achieved in 87.93% of @entity1 , and surgical resection of metastases after therapy underwent 12.07% of @entity1 . Median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 8 months and median @entity1349 evaluated in October 2011 was 27 months. Mutation status of @entity984 gene had no influence on the effectiveness of treatment and @entity817 mutations exhibited a strong negative prognostic significance. @entity1031 were present in 17.24%.

title: Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Elizabeth Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'Thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Liver microsomal, @entity1785 -containing monooxygenases catalyze @entity1110 - and @entity26 -dependent oxidation of a wide variety of antipsychotic and narcotic drugs. Two forms of these enzymes have been isolated and partially characterized (Ozols, J. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 163, 49-55). The @entity535 sequence of form 1 is presented here. Sequence determination has been achieved by automated Edman degradation of peptides generated by chemical and enzymatic cleavages. The @entity2733 terminus of form 1 oxygenase is blocked. Partial acid hydrolysis of the blocked peptides removed @entity16374 groups and permitted their analysis by Edman degradation. Form 1 monooxygenase contains 536 residues. A peptide of 32 residues at the @entity1473 terminus of the protein could not be sequenced in a gas-phase or pulsed liquid-phase sequenator, due to its extreme hydrophobicity. Covalent coupling of this peptide to an @entity17072 membrane by means of @entity26408 , followed by automated solid-phase sequencing, established the order of 30 @entity535 residues. The hydrophobic segment at the @entity1473 terminus presumably functions to anchor the monooxygenase to the microsomal membrane. The @entity535 sequence of form 1 monooxygenase, despite overlapping substrate specificity, is not related to the cytochrome P-450 superfamily. Comparison of the sequence of form 1 oxygenase with other known sequences, except for some short segments similar to those in the bacterial @entity1785 -containing monooxygenases, did not reveal significant sequence similarities that would suggest a structural or evolutionary relationship.

title: Covalent structure of liver microsomal XXXX -containing monooxygenase form 1.

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aryl amine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1785 :: (MESH:C024132,Chemical) :: ['flavin']


abstract: The @entity2834 ( @entity900 , @entity1499 , and @entity5713 ) and M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 ) regimens were used to treat 19 @entity1 with advanced @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urothelial tract. In the @entity2834 group, the partial response rate was 45.5% and the mean response duration was 6.3 months. No complete response was obtained in our series. The median duration of survival was 15.8 and 8.3 months in responders and nonresponders, respectively. The toxic symptoms included one case of @entity295 and three cases of @entity8 . However, @entity390 and @entity391 were experienced by most @entity1 and required the administration of antiemetics. In the M-VAC group, the median duration of survival for responders was longer than that of nonresponders (greater than 10.2 vs 7.2 months), although the number of @entity1 was too small for this difference to reach statistical significance. The toxic symptoms included one case of @entity295 , two cases of @entity8 , and @entity390 and @entity391 in most @entity1 . Bone metastasis in three @entity1 did not respond to chemotherapy ( @entity2834 ), a finding that is compatible with the results reported by other investigators. In summary, chemotherapy with the @entity2834 or M-VAC regimen was effective in improving the response rate of @entity1 . However, the duration of response was short, @entity137 was severe in some cases, and the efficacy against @entity79 was poor. These problems must be solved to improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity1606 following chemotherapy with the @entity2834 or M-VAC regimens.

title: XXXX -based chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity1606 of the urinary tract--a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: @entity370 rarely involves the thyroid gland. @entity158 in the thyroid gland area was only sporadically reported in @entity1 suffering from this disease. The aim of this paper is to report and discuss the cases of two female @entity1 with @entity2743 who presented @entity158 , rapidly growing, recurrent @entity5651 (after strumectomy in their early adult lives). Invasive treatment was applied and @entity370 was revealed histologically. The first @entity1 suffered from @entity1282 and dyspnoea due to large @entity5651 ; @entity272 were present as well. @entity370 was diagnosed in histological examination of the thyroid tissue specimens. @entity134 treatment was ineffective; thus, the thyroid was removed. Two years later @entity1374 recurred as a @entity158 @entity5651 and surgical treatment was applied once again. In the second case, thyroid ultrasound findings suggesting malignancy, and prompted the decision to perform thyroidectomy despite the fact that FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy) revealed cells indicative of a " @entity738 in the post-resection scar" and results of the thorax high-resolution computed tomography scan suggested @entity10070 . Pathological examination confirmed @entity370 . However, a papillary @entity5 focus was also found.

title: Two cases of @entity1374 presentation as @entity158 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'goiters']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: To prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), glucosidorum tripterygii tororum (GTT) was used in the @entity19 model. The lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients were injected with bone marrow and lymphocyte grafts from BALB/c donors and were treated intraperitoneally with GTT, @entity205 ( @entity870 ), or @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). T lymphocytes, adhesion molecules and cytokines were detected by immunohistochemical method, flow cytometry, ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that all the control recipient @entity19 (21/21) died of @entity2132 within 30 days, but many recipient @entity19 treated with GTT (19/21), @entity870 + @entity1500 (13/21) and GTT + @entity870 (17/21) survived beyond 30 days without obvious signs of @entity2132 . The numbers of @entity5168 (+), @entity1961 (+), CD8(+), @entity4459 (+), CD18(+) lymphocytes in skin and lung decreased markedly by GTT, GTT + @entity870 and @entity870 + @entity1500 treatments. The numbers of @entity5168 (+), @entity1961 (+), CD8(+), @entity1961 (+) @entity4459 (+), @entity1961 (+)CD18(+), CD8(+) @entity4459 (+), CD8(+)CD18(+) lymphocytes in spleen decreased markedly by GTT, GTT + @entity870 and @entity870 + @entity1500 treatments. and the changes of @entity5168 (+), @entity1961 (+), CD8(+) cells in small intestine were not remarkable (P > 0.05) by above mentioned GTT, GTT + @entity870 and @entity870 + @entity1500 treatments. The serum concentrations and mRNA expressions of @entity2047 and @entity637 in spleens decreased significantly (P < 0.05); the concentration of @entity1618 increased significantly (P < 0.05), the change of @entity58 was not remarkable (P > 0.05) by GTT treatment. It is concluded that the GTT may retain the graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) effect of transplant without @entity2132 . The role of GTT in prevention of @entity19 @entity2132 is mediated by reduction of T lymphocytes and their subgroups, expression of adhesion molecule, and regulation of cytokine secretion.

title: [Effect of glucosidorum tripterygii tororum on @entity2132 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Calotropis gigantea leaf extract and @entity11137 were tested first to fourth-instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 . The medicinal plants were collected from the area around Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India. Calotropis gigantea leaf was washed with tap water and shade-dried at room temperature. An electrical blender powdered the dried plant materials (leaves). The powder 500 g of the leaf was extracted with 1.5 L of organic solvents of @entity1042 for 8 h using a Soxhlet apparatus and filtered. The crude leaf extracts were evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The plant extract showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; no mortality was observed in the control group. For Calotropis gigantea, the median lethal concentration values (LC(50)) observed for the larvicidal and pupicidal activities against mosquito vector species Anopheles stephensi I to IV larval instars and pupae were 73.77, 89.64, 121.69, 155.49, and 213.79 ppm; @entity4224 values were 92.27, 106.60, 136.48, 164.01, and 202.56 ppm; and @entity2957 values were 104.66, 127.71, 173.75, 251.65, and 314.70 ppm, respectively. For @entity11137 , the LC(50) values of I to IV larval instars and pupae of Anopheles stephensi were 37.24, 45.41, 57.82, 80.09, and 98.34 ppm; @entity4224 values were 42.38, 51.90, 71.02, 96.17, and 121.59 ppm; and @entity2957 values were 55.85, 68.07, 94.11, 113.35, and 133.87 ppm, respectively. The study proved that the @entity1042 leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea and bacterial insecticide @entity11137 has mosquitocidal property and was evaluated as target species of mosquito vectors. This is an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of vector control programs.

title: Mosquitocidal properties of Calotropis gigantea (Family: Asclepiadaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, XXXX , against the mosquito vectors.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'B. thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity11137 :: (1428,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation has an important role in the development of @entity1575 in general and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in particular. It is known that HSCs are themselves able to produce cytokines and chemokines, and that this production may be a key event in the initiation of fibrogenesis. However, the direct involvement of cytokines and chemokines in HSC (self-)activation remains uncertain. In this study, the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1192 and b, @entity310 , and @entity687 on the activation state of HSCs were examined, in comparison to the pro-fibrogenic mediator @entity2533 . LX-2 cells were stimulated for 24 or 48 hours with recombinant @entity1 form of the pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1192 and b, @entity310 , and @entity687 , and also the pro-fibrogenic mediator @entity2533 . Two drugs were also evaluated, the anti- @entity310 monoclonal antibody infliximab and the @entity1193 anakinra, regarding their inhibitory effects. In LX-2 @entity1 HSC, treatment with @entity2533 are associated with downregulation of the @entity3334 and @entity1549 , with upregulation of @entity2843 , collagen type I a1, collagen type IV a1, @entity1970 , @entity2232 and PDGF-BB. Cytokines and chemokines expression were found to be downregulated, excepting @entity650 . In contrast, we observed that LX-2 exposure to @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity687 can reverse the phenotype of pro-fibrogenic activated cells. Indeed, @entity3334 , @entity1549 and @entity1495 were found elevated, associated with downregulation of @entity1970 and/or PDGF-BB, and a greater expression of @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2851 and @entity2842 . Lastly, we found that infliximab and anakinra successfully inhibits effects of @entity310 and @entity1192 respectively in LX-2 cells. Infliximab and anakinra may be of value in preclinical trials in @entity409 . Overall, our results suggest that (i) pro-inflammatory mediators exert complex effects in HSCs via an MMP/ @entity2843 imbalance, and (ii) targeting @entity1192 signaling may be a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy in chronic @entity409 .

title: Characterization of the MMP/ XXXX Imbalance and Collagen Production Induced by @entity1356 or @entity310 Release from @entity1 Hepatic Stellate Cells.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'metalloproteinase (MMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP']


abstract: Transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) are useful to diagnose acute rejection and infection in @entity1 with lung transplants. The value of routine surveillance biopsies (S-TBBs) is not known, and such biopsies with a clinical indication are not without risk and are expensive. One hundred twenty-six 6-mo survivors of heart-lung transplantation (HLT) were studied to determine the effect of stopping S-TBBs on the development of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) and subsequent survival. Fifty-one received transplants while @entity44043 was part of routine care (group A), and 75 received transplants after this practice was stopped (group B). There was no difference in @entity1 characteristics. Group A had shorter graft @entity63 (p < 0.01) and longer postoperative ventilation (p < 0.01). Maintenance immunosuppression was similar, but group A had more steroid pulses in the second 6 mo after HLT (p < 0.01). The number of @entity1 free from any functional deterioration at 49 to 60 mo after HLT declined to 39% in group A and 64% in group B. The risk of developing @entity4154 grade 1 in group A relative to group B was 1.63 (95% confidence intervals: 0.96-2.79, p = 0.07). @entity1 survival was similar in the two groups. A total of 86 TBBs were taken in the absence of any signs or symptoms and had low diagnostic yield. In summary, there was no increased incidence of @entity4154 after stopping S-TBBs.

title: XXXX in heart-lung transplantation: surveillance biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity4154 :: (MESH:D001989,Disease) :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']


abstract: This study investigated adverse skin and eye effects in swimmers using pools with three different disinfection systems ( @entity3878 , @entity3878 / @entity1787 and @entity5497 / @entity1787 ) and monitored water quality parameters that may be related to adverse health effects. A cross-sectional study of 770 @entity1 swimming in three school pools was carried out over a 4 week period in November 1994 using a postal questionnaire. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of water quality were monitored on a weekly basis. Responses were obtained for 385 swimmers. @entity1910 with an onset less than 24 h after swimming in the school pool were reported by 4-8% of swimmers. Compared with the @entity5497 / @entity1787 pool, the odds ratio (OR) of having a rash that started less than 24 h after pool use was 1.91 (CI 0.71-5.10) for the @entity3878 pool and 1.88 (CI 0.61-5.81) for the @entity3878 / @entity1787 pool. Adjustment for possible confounders made no significant differences to these results. Eye redness, itch or @entity146 was reported by 23-33% of swimmers and 24% of non-swimmers, and wearing swimming goggles had a protective effect (OR 0.40; CI 0.24, 0.65). Disinfectant levels were more consistently maintained in the pools with automatically controlled systems. The @entity5497 disinfection system was not associated with a greater risk of the development of @entity1910 than other disinfection systems, but the numbers were small, and need to be interpreted with caution.

title: Skin XXXX in users of brominated pools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['Skin rashes', 'skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['irritation']


abstract: Extracellular pathogenic @entity526 (ExPEC) strains are common causes of a variety of clinical syndromes, including @entity293 , @entity1320 , @entity55 , @entity693 , and @entity295 . ExPEC strains are extracellular bacterial pathogens; therefore, the innate immune response (e.g., professional phagocytes) plays a crucial role in the host defense against them. Studies using the model ExPEC strain CP9 demonstrated that it is relatively resistant to neutrophil-mediated bactericidal activity. Although this could be due to resistance to phagocytosis, the ability of CP9 to survive the intracellular killing mechanisms of neutrophils is another possibility. Using a variation of the intracellular invasion assay, we studied the survival of CP9 within peripheral blood-derived @entity1 neutrophils. Our results indicated that CP9 did survive within @entity1 neutrophils, but we were unable to demonstrate that intracellular replication occurred. This finding was not unique to CP9, since when a conservative assessment of survival was used, four of six additional ExPEC strains, but not an @entity526 laboratory strain, were also capable of survival within neutrophils. Initial studies in which we began to decipher the mechanisms by which CP9 is able to successfully survive intracellular neutrophil-mediated bactericidal activity demonstrated that CP9 was at least partially susceptible to the neutrophil oxidative burst. Therefore, absolute resistance to the oxidative burst is not a mechanism by which ExPEC survives within neutrophils. In addition, electron microscopy studies showed that CP9 appeared to be present in phagosomes within neutrophils. Therefore, avoidance of phagosomal uptake or subsequent escape from the phagosome does not appear to be a mechanism that contributes to CP9's survival. These findings suggest that survival of ExPEC within neutrophils may be an important virulence mechanism.

title: Extraintestinal pathogenic XXXX survives within neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the development of @entity66 and explore major associative factors in @entity2175 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 479 @entity2175 @entity1 > or = 40 yr of age were recruited from four community primary care health centers of northern Taiwan in July 1986 for a cohort study with a 4-yr follow-up. No @entity1 required insulin therapy within 1 yr of diagnosis nor had a history of @entity6 . All were able to participate independently in the activities of daily living. BP and ECG were measured, and a structured questionnaire was asked of each @entity1 . @entity1503 after overnight fasting was collected every year to measure @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , plasma @entity413 , and HbA1c. RESULTS: The duration of @entity6 was associated with the development of @entity64 with a relative risk of 1.063 for every 1-yr increment (P = 0.07). As for HVDs, the significant risk factors were serum @entity165 and HbA1c. For every 1-mg/dl increase in mean total @entity165 level, the relative risk of developing HVD increased 1.016-fold (P = 0.04). For every 1% increase in HbA1c, the relative risk of developing HVD increased 1.170-fold (P = 0.01). With regard to leg VDs, sex and cigarette smoking were significant risk factors. @entity1 @entity6 subjects had a higher relative risk than @entity1 . Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with leg VD with a relative risk of 6.9 for smokers compared with nonsmokers. The most significant risk factor for LVD was the total @entity165 level. For every 1-mg/dl increase in mean serum @entity165 level, the relative risk of LVD increased 1.013-fold. CONCLUSIONS: In the prevention of @entity66 , effective intervention of the nondiabetic cardiovascular risk factors may be as important as or even more important than the good control of @entity6 .

title: Development of @entity66 in XXXX @entity1 in northern Taiwan. A 4-yr follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Venous blood']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 scheduled to undergo hysterectomy for benign indications frequently have preoperative @entity2371 , but it is largely unknown why @entity158 in some cases persists or even develops after surgery. This nationwide questionnaire and database study describes @entity158 and identifies risk factors for chronic @entity158 1 yr after hysterectomy for benign indications. METHODS: A @entity158 questionnaire was mailed to 1,299 @entity1 1 yr after hysterectomy. The response rate was 90.3%, and the presence of persistent @entity158 was correlated to indication for surgery, surgical procedure, type of anesthesia, and other perioperative data. RESULTS: @entity158 was reported by 31.9% 1 yr after hysterectomy ( @entity1118 ), and 13.7% had @entity158 more than 2 days a week. @entity158 was not present before surgery in 14.9% of @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . Risk factors for @entity1118 were preoperative @entity2371 (odds ratio [OR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40-4.41), previous cesarean delivery (OR, 1.54; CI, 1.06-2.26), @entity158 as the main indication for surgery (OR, 2.98; CI, 1.54-5.77), and @entity158 problems elsewhere (OR, 3.19; CI, 2.29-4.44). @entity1661 was not significantly associated with a lower risk of @entity1118 (OR, 0.70; CI, 0.46-1.06). Importantly, spinal versus general anesthesia was associated with less @entity1118 (OR, 0.42; CI, 0.21-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-two percent had @entity1118 after hysterectomy, and risk factors were comparable to those seen in other operations. Interestingly, spinal anesthesia was associated with a lower frequency of @entity1118 , justifying prospective study of spinal anesthesia for @entity1 with a high risk for development of chronic @entity158 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX after hysterectomy: a nationwide questionnaire and database study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'postsurgical pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: It is thought that the time interval between the antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) may influence the outcome of these @entity1 . In this study, we investigate the significance of this time interval. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate if the time interval was of prognostic significance from our cohort of 241 high-risk @entity1 with GTT. Subsequent cutpoint analysis was used to determine an optimal cutpoint for the interval covariate. The outcome of these @entity1 was plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The time interval was of prognostic significance on multivariate analysis. A period of greater than 2.8 years after pregnancy was found to be of most significance. The 5-year overall survival was 62.0% (95% CI: 47-76%) for greater than 2.8 years vs 94% (95% CI: 91-97%) for less than 2.8 years (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of liver @entity3 and the number of @entity3 was also of prognostic importance. The interval between antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis in high-risk GTT is of prognostic significance. This gives some insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: The significance of the time interval between antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis of high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumours', 'GTTs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess retrospectively technical and clinical outcomes after transcatheter embolization in @entity1 presenting with soft tissue @entity548 associated with antithrombotic therapy and to determine factors potentially affecting the clinical outcomes after embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 42 @entity1 who underwent embolization for soft tissue @entity548 associated with antithrombotic therapy. Principal clinical symptoms were @entity1457 (n = 21), @entity490 (n = 9), back @entity158 (n = 7), and buttock or thigh @entity158 (n = 5). Ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) or both were performed in 40 @entity1 (95%); 2 @entity1 (5%) were immediately referred for angiography. Several laboratory and radiographic factors were analyzed to determine if any influenced the clinical outcome. RESULTS: A @entity1410 was identified in the anterior abdominal wall (n = 18 [43%]), in the retroperitoneum (n = 18 [43%]), or in the thigh or gluteal region (n = 6 [14%]). Embolization was successful in all @entity1 ; early recurrent @entity548 with a fatal outcome was recorded in one @entity1 (2%). In nine @entity1 (22%), secondary surgical drainage of the @entity1410 was performed to manage a @entity2054 . During follow-up (mean, 37.9 months; range, 0.03-85.28 months), 11 @entity1 (26%) died; death was related to the @entity548 in 6 @entity1 (14%). Both activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were correlated with @entity1410 size. Prolonged aPTT before embolization was associated with a higher risk of @entity548 -related mortality (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter embolization was very effective in stopping soft tissue @entity548 associated with antithrombotic therapy. However, there was still considerable morbidity and mortality after successful embolization. aPTT prolongation emerged as a risk factor for @entity548 -related @entity204 .

title: Soft tissue XXXX associated with antithrombotic treatment: technical and clinical outcomes after transcatheter embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic shock']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: To assess the likelihood of procedural success in @entity1 with multivessel coronary disease undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty, 350 consecutive @entity1 (1,100 stenoses) from four clinical sites were evaluated. Eighteen variables characterizing the severity and morphology of each @entity850 and 18 @entity1 -related variables were assessed at a core angiographic laboratory and at the clinical sites. Most @entity1 had Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV @entity951 (72%) and two-vessel coronary disease (78%). Left ventricular function was generally well preserved (mean ejection fraction, 58 +/- 12%; range, 18-85%) and 1.9 +/- 1.0 stenoses per @entity1 had attempted percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Procedural success (less than or equal to 50% final diameter @entity850 in one or more stenoses and no major @entity63 ) was achieved in 290 @entity1 (82.8%), and an additional nine @entity1 (2.6%) had a reduction in diameter @entity850 by 20% or more with a final diameter @entity850 51-60% and were without major complications. Major @entity63 ( @entity204 , @entity583 , or emergency bypass surgery) occurred in 30 @entity1 (8.6%). In-hospital mortality was 1.1%. Stepwise regression analysis determined that a modified American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force (ACC/AHA) classification of the @entity850 (with type B prospectively divided into type B1 [one type B characteristic] and type B2 [greater than or equal to two type B characteristics]) and the presence of @entity6 were the only variables independently predictive of procedural outcome (target @entity850 modified ACC/AHA score; p less than 0.001 for both success and complications; @entity6 : p = 0.003 for success and p = 0.016 for complications). Analysis of success and complications on a per @entity850 dilated basis showed, for type A stenoses, a 92% success and a 2% complication rate; for type B1 stenoses, an 84% success and a 4% complication rate; for type B2 stenoses, a 76% success and a 10% complication rate; and for type C stenoses, a 61% success and a 21% complication rate. The subdivision into types @entity8872 provided significantly more information in this clinically important intermediate risk group than did the standard ACC/AHA scheme. The @entity850 characteristics of chronic total occlusion, high grade (80-99% diameter) @entity850 , @entity850 bend of more than 60 degrees, and excessive tortuosity were particularly predictive of adverse procedural outcome. This improved scheme may improve clinical decision making and provide a framework on which to base meaningful subgroup analysis in randomized trials assessing the efficacy of percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

title: Coronary morphologic and clinical determinants of procedural outcome with angioplasty for multivessel coronary disease. Implications for XXXX selection. Multivessel Angioplasty Prognosis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['primary target stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1010 may occur early in the course of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and may be associated with disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 114 @entity15 @entity1 (group A) were analyzed for regional @entity194 (vs age-/gender-matched controls) and T1 and T2 lesions using 4-point rating systems. Thirty-five separate @entity1 (group B) were analyzed for cortical @entity194 (ordinal scale), third ventricular width, and total T2 hyperintense lesion volume (computer assisted). In group A, regression modeling indicated that @entity1010 (P = .0003) and T2 lesions in the pons (P = .02) predicted @entity717 ( @entity717 [ @entity717 ] score). Secondary progressive (SP) versus relapsing @entity1 were predicted by inferior parietal (P = .002), superior parietal (P = .006), temporal (P = .008), inferior frontal (P = .01), superior frontal (P = .01), cerebellum (P = .01), occipital (P = .01), and midbrain (P = .02) @entity194 . SP @entity1 were also predicted by total @entity194 (P = .01) and third ventricular enlargement (P = .03) but not T1 or T2 lesions. In group B, the regression model predicting @entity717 score included only superior frontal @entity194 (r = 0.515, P = .002). Mean kappa coefficients of ordinal ratings were 0.9 (intraobserver) and 0.8 (interobserver). Ordinal ratings correlated well with quantitative assessments. The authors conclude that @entity1010 is closely associated with @entity717 and clinical course in @entity15 @entity1 and can be appreciated using a semiquantitative MRI regional rating system.

title: Regional XXXX is associated with @entity717 in @entity15 : semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging and relationship to clinical findings.

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal atrophy', 'brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Expanded Disability Status Scale', 'physical disability', 'EDSS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['brain atrophy']


abstract: We propose a convenient and reliable approach for immobilizing microbeads on @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) microchips. It is built upon a simple fabrication procedure of @entity16549 chip through directly printing the master with an office laser printer which was described in our previous work (J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1089, 270-275). On the printed toners used as the positive relief of the master, microbeads were immobilized by a thermal treatment and then transferred to the surface of the microchip by direct molding of the prepolymer on the master. With this approach, the region-selective immobilization of microbeads and the fabrication of @entity16549 microchips can be accomplished at the same time. Then, using these microbeads as supports, further modification with enzyme was achieved. Surface characteristics of the microbeads-modified @entity16549 microchannels were investigated with scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and inverse fluorescence microscope. The electrokinetic properties of the native @entity16549 and the modified @entity16549 chips were also compared. Based on this approach, an immobilized @entity413 oxidase (GOD) reactor was constructed and the reaction using @entity413 as substrate was studied. All these experiments aim to show that the proposed approach may have a good potential in the study of biochemistry and other related areas.

title: Patterning microbeads inside XXXX microfluidic channels and its application for immobilized microfluidic enzyme reactors.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(dimethylsiloxane)']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['poly(dimethylsiloxane)']


abstract: @entity1492 ( @entity28626 ) is a rare aggressive fibroblastic @entity5 composed of cords of epithelioid cells embedded in a dense collagenous stroma. The reported immunophenotype of @entity28626 is nonspecific. Some @entity28626 cases show morphologic and molecular overlap with low-grade @entity242 (LGFMS), suggesting a relationship between these @entity5 types. @entity5088 has recently been identified as a sensitive and specific marker for LGFMS; @entity5088 expression was also observed in 2 @entity5 with hybrid features of @entity28626 and LGFMS. We investigated @entity5088 expression in @entity28626 and other epithelioid soft @entity8650 to determine (1) the potential diagnostic utility of @entity5088 for @entity28626 and (2) the association between @entity5088 expression and @entity19957 rearrangement in @entity28626 . Whole sections of 180 @entity5 were evaluated: 41 cases of @entity28626 (including 29 "pure" @entity28626 and 12 hybrid @entity28626 ), 20 @entity242 , 11 clear cell @entity242 , 11 metastatic @entity320 , 10 @entity1824 , 10 @entity11552 , 10 epithelioid @entity5426 , 10 @entity13904 , 10 epithelioid @entity674 , 10 @entity189 , 17 ossifying @entity5 , 10 @entity1822 , and 10 biphasic @entity1352 . Immunohistochemical analysis was performed after antigen retrieval using a mouse anti- @entity5088 monoclonal antibody. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 33 @entity28626 cases using @entity19957 break-apart probes. A subset of cases was also evaluated for @entity12726 and @entity32966 /L1 rearrangements by FISH. Strong diffuse cytoplasmic staining for @entity5088 was observed in 32 of 41 (78%) cases of @entity28626 , including all 12 hybrid @entity5 . @entity19957 rearrangement was detected in 8 of 21 (38%) @entity5088 -positive cases of @entity28626 with successful FISH studies. The prevalence of @entity19957 rearrangement was similar in hybrid @entity28626 (2 of 6; 33%) and @entity28626 without an LGFMS component (6 of 15; 40%). @entity19957 rearrangement was not detected in any cases of @entity5088 -negative @entity28626 . Two hybrid @entity5 had both @entity12726 and @entity12522 rearrangements. @entity5088 expression was also seen in 9 of 10 (90%) biphasic @entity1352 , predominantly in the glandular component. All other @entity5 types were negative for @entity5088 , apart from focal reactivity in 5 ossifying @entity5 , 2 epithelioid @entity674 , and 1 @entity189 . @entity5088 is a sensitive and relatively specific marker for @entity28626 among epithelioid soft @entity8650 . @entity5088 expression occurs more frequently than @entity19957 rearrangement in @entity28626 . The finding of @entity12726 and @entity12522 rearrangements in 2 cases of hybrid @entity28626 suggests that SEFs are genetically heterogenous. @entity5088 -positive SEFs with @entity19957 rearrangement are likely closely related to LGFMS. @entity5088 -positive SEFs that lack @entity19957 rearrangement may be related to LGFMS but could have alternate fusion partners, including @entity12726 . @entity28626 without @entity5088 expression may represent a distinct group of @entity5 . @entity5088 expression correlates with glandular epithelial differentiation in biphasic @entity1352 and is very limited in other epithelioid soft @entity8650 .

title: @entity5088 is a sensitive and extremely useful marker for sclerosing epithelioid XXXX : association with @entity19957 gene rearrangement.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'fibromyxoid sarcoma', 'epithelioid sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyxoid tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['perivascular epithelioid cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial carcinoma', 'myoepithelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity13904 :: ('MESH:D018323', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The umbilicus is our first scar. It is the last remain of our life in utero. Besides the @entity14147 , a common pathology during the first three years of life that rarely requires surgery, there are some rare @entity154 such as @entity6675 and omphalocele, which occur in about 1-5/10,000  births. @entity6675 is a @entity600 of the anterior abdominal wall, through which the fetal intestines freely protrude and are not covered by any membranes. During the 13th week prenatal ultrasound, the umbilical cord can be seen to be properly attached while the intestines float freely in the amniotic fluid. This defect is most common in young @entity1 who smoke and/or use @entity2072 and is not typically associated with @entity74 . Omphalocele is an average coelosomy, in which a visceral hernia protrudes into the base of the umbilical cord. Omphalocele is typically diagnosed during the prenatal phase, and occurs most commonly in older mothers. It is frequently associated with genetic and morphologic abnormalities, therefore a karyotype should automatically be performed. For these two pathologies, the surgical problem lies in managing, during the reintegration, the conflict container/content responsible to lower @entity4264 and disorders ventilatory. Deciding on the technique will depend on the clinical form, and on the tolerance to reinsertion. The success of the surgery is directly linked to the postoperative emergence care for the pre-, per- and postnatal phases. The umbilical cord is preserved in the case of a @entity6675 . A primary or secondary umbilicoplasty will be performed for an omphalocele closure. The umbilicoplasty aims to create an umbilicus in a good position by giving it a shape, ideally oval, but also and especially an umbilication. The primary or secondary umbilicoplasty remains a challenge in a growing abdomen (change in position, @entity85 with growth). Many techniques are described: cutaneous flaps randomly placed, excision and skin plasty, resection and controlled wound healing. The choice of technique is a matter of practice but must be done in a rational way, depending on the @entity2318 when secondary reconstruction, and with minimal scarring, for primary reconstruction. To avoid morphological changes associated with growth, secondary umbilicoplasty should be proposed after the age of five.

title: [Umbilicus in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scar condition']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation, loss of intussusception']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the technique of @entity432 using a temporary occlusion balloon system as an alternative to coil occlusion during Yttrium-90 radioembolization of @entity99 . METHODS: Review of charts, angiography, and follow-up imaging studies of consecutive @entity1 undergoing oncological embolization procedures in which a HyperForm system (ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, CA) was used. Intraprocedural target vessel occlusion and patency of the target vessel on follow-up were recorded. Clinical data and Bremsstrahlung scans were reviewed for evidence of nontarget embolization. RESULTS: Four radioembolization procedures were performed in three @entity1 (all female, age 48-54 (mean 52) years). Five arteries were temporarily occluded (three gastroduodenal arteries, one right gastric artery, and one cystic artery). All radioembolization procedures were successfully completed. Follow-up imaging (either digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA)) was available for all @entity1 between 28-454 (mean 183) days following the procedure, demonstrating all five vessels to be patent. No clinical or imaging evidence for nontarget embolization was found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 of small and medium-sized arteries during radioembolization allows safe therapy with preserved postprocedural vessel patency on early and midterm follow-up.

title: Temporary XXXX as an adjunct to Yttrium-90 radioembolization.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary balloon occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial balloon occlusion']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify whether matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity37116 : gelatinases) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta] are induced by heat in tendon tissue in vitro and to test the hypothesis that heat exposure causes tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that synthesis of these cytokines, in turn, leads to up-regulation of synthesis of gelatinases. Isolated tendinocytes from @entity1641 superficial digital flexor tendons were cultured and all experiments were performed on cells passaged 3 or 4 times. In the cells exposed to heat (37 to 45 degrees C, 0 to 60 min), the survival rate decreased sharply in a temperature- and time-dependent manner, especially at 42 and 45 degrees C. Cells exposed at 40 degrees C, however, showed little change in survival rate and morphology. Gelatin zymograms revealed that proMMP-2 and -9 were the only two MMPs remaining in the supernatant of the cultured tendinocytes, including that of untreated cells. Addition of @entity10659 and @entity10660 to the culture medium of tendinocytes accelerated proMMP-9 synthesis considerably. Heating the tendinocytes (40 degrees C) led to a three-fold increase in proMMP-9 synthesis in a short time. Only @entity10659 was detected in tendinocytes after heat exposure for 30 and 60 min. In contrast, @entity10660 was under the detectable level in ELISA. Cooling of heat-exposed cells from 40 degrees C to 37 degrees C considerably down-regulated cellular proMMP-9 synthesis. Furthermore, proMMP-9 level was greatly reduced in cells treated at lower temperatures, 20 degrees C and 5 degrees C. These findings support our hypothesis that @entity221 in the @entity1641 tendon induces tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that the synthesis of these cytokines results in the up-regulation of gelatinases.

title: Effect of heat on synthesis of gelatinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX tendinocytes.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: The efficacy and tolerability of a combination of @entity10964 600 mg, @entity42599 60 mg and @entity5834 60 mg for the acute treatment of mild-to-moderate episodic primary @entity10 were evaluated against @entity1443 1000 mg and placebo. A total of 84 adult @entity1 with two to six primary @entity10 episodes (mild or moderate severity) per month were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, randomized, two-period crossover study. @entity1 had a mean of 4.4 @entity10 episodes/month (mean duration: 13 h; mean severity: 50.5 mm; assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). In @entity1 with no improvement, rescue medications were allowed after 2 h. The primary outcome parameter was sustained @entity158 . Secondary outcomes were evolution of @entity158 severity (at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min after treatment), presence of associated symptoms, and recurrence of episodes. Analyses included 243 @entity10 episodes (81 @entity1 ). @entity158 -free rates were 57.1% for combination therapy, 46.8% for @entity1443 and 46.8% for placebo (not statistically significant). @entity158 improvement (assessed by VAS) occurred in 72.5, 54.5 and 49.2% of @entity1 , respectively, after 120 min. The mean reduction in @entity158 severity (assessed by VAS) was significantly lower in those receiving placebo and @entity1443 compared with combination therapy (p < 0.001 at 90 and 120 min). Fewer @entity1 required rescue medication after receiving combination therapy (18.4%), compared with @entity1443 (37.7%; p = 0.008) or placebo (43.8%; p = 0.0007). Adverse events were infrequent and mild. We conclude that, despite failing to meet the primary outcome, the combination of @entity10964 , @entity42599 and @entity5834 is effective for the acute treatment of mild-to-moderate primary @entity10 episodes, with excellent tolerability.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of combined @entity10964 , @entity42599 and @entity5834 in the treatment of mild-to-moderate primary XXXX episodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity42599 :: ('MESH:C008192', 'Chemical') :: ['isometheptene']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Sustained pain', 'pain-free rate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']