abstract: Over the past decade, cell therapy has emerged as a potential new treatment of a variety of @entity299 , including acute @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 . A myriad of cell types have been tested experimentally, each of them being usually credited by its advocates of a high "regeneration" potential. This has led to a flurry of clinical trials entailing the use of skeletal myoblasts or bone marrow-derived cells either unfractionated or enriched in progenitor subpopulations. As often in medicine, the @entity51447 generated by the early uncontrolled and small-sized studies has been dampened by the marginally successful outcomes of the subsequent, more rigorously conducted randomized trials. Although they may have failed to achieve their primary end points, these trials have been positive in the sense that they have allowed to identify some key issues and it is reasonable to speculate that if these issues can now be addressed by appropriately focused benchwork, the outcomes of the second generation of cell-transplantation studies would likely be upgraded. It, thus, appears that not "one cell fits all" but that the selection of the cell type should be tailored to the primary clinical indication. On the one hand, it does not make sense to develop an "ideal" cell in a culture dish, if we remain unable to deliver it appropriately and to keep it alive, at least for a while, which requires to improve on the delivery techniques and to provide cells along with the vascular and extracellular matrix type of support necessary for their survival and patterning. On the other hand, the persisting mechanistic uncertainties about cell therapy should not preclude continuing clinical trials, which often provide the unique opportunity of identifying issues missed by our suboptimal preclinical models. Finally, regardless of whether cells are expected to act paracrinally or by physically replacing lost cardiomyocytes and, thus, effecting a true myocardial regeneration, safety remains a primary concern. It is, thus, important that clinical development programs be shaped in a way that allows the final cell-therapy product to be manufactured from fully traceable materials, phenotypically well characterized, consistent, scalable, sterile, and genetically stable as these characteristics are those that will be required by the ultimate gatekeeper, i.e., the regulator, and are thus unbypassable prerequisites for an effective and streamlined leap from bench to bedside.

title: Cell-based therapy for XXXX : a clinically oriented perspective.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether disparities in the nature and management of type 2 @entity6 persist between Aboriginal and the majority Anglo-Celt @entity1 in an urban Australian community. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Baseline data from the observational Fremantle @entity6 Study collected from 1993 to 1996 (phase I) and from 2008 to 2011 (phase II) were analyzed. @entity1 characterized as Aboriginal or Anglo-Celt by self-report and supporting data underwent comprehensive assessment, including questionnaires, examination, and biochemical testing in a single laboratory. Generalized linear modeling with age/sex adjustment was used to examine differences in changes in variables in the two groups between phases I and II. RESULTS: The indigenous @entity1 were younger at entry and at @entity6 diagnosis than the Anglo-Celt @entity1 in both phases. They were also less likely to be educated beyond primary level and were more likely to be smokers. HbA(1c) decreased in both groups over time (Aboriginal median 9.6% [interquartile range 7.8-10.7%] to 8.4% [6.6-10.6%] vs. Anglo-Celt median 7.1% [6.2-8.4%] to 6.7% [6.2-7.5%]), but the gap persisted (P = 0.65 for difference between phases I and II by ethnic group). Aboriginal @entity1 were more likely to have @entity66 in both phases. The prevalence of @entity3657 (ankle-brachial index  <=0.90 or lower-extremity amputation) increased in Aboriginal but decreased in Anglo-Celt @entity1 (15.8-29.7 vs. 30.7-21.5%; P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 management has improved for Aboriginal and Anglo-Celt Australian @entity1 , but disparities in @entity65 persist.

title: Continuing disparities in @entity65 between aboriginal and Anglo-Celt Australians with type 2 @entity6 : the Fremantle XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk factors and complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECT: The most commonly reported treatment of primary @entity1644 has been laminectomy with duraplasty or direct shunting from the syrinx cavity. Diversion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal subarachnoid space to peritoneal, atrial, or @entity1143 has been described previously in only a few case reports. Shunting of the CSF from the subarachnoid space rostral to the level of myelographic blockage may reduce the filling force of the syrinx cavity and avoids myelotomy and manipulation of the spinal cord parenchyma. The authors report on 7 @entity1 who underwent thecal shunt placement for primary @entity1644 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of a consecutive series. The authors reviewed the medical records and neuroimaging studies of 7 adult @entity1 with posttraumatic, postsurgical, or postinflammatory @entity1644 treated with thecoperitoneal, thecopleural, or thecoatrial shunt placement at the University of California Los Angeles Medical Center. Myelographic evidence of partial or complete CSF flow obstruction was confirmed in the majority of @entity1 . The mean duration of follow-up was 33 months (range 6-104 months). RESULTS: Six (86%) of 7 @entity1 showed signs of clinical improvement, whereas 1 remained with stable clinical symptoms. Of the 6 @entity1 with available postoperative imaging, each demonstrated a reduction in syrinx size. Three @entity1 (43%) had > or = 1 complication, including shunt-induced @entity76 descent in 1 @entity1 and infections in 2. CONCLUSIONS: If laminectomy with duraplasty is not possible for the treatment of primary @entity1644 , placement of a thecoperitoneal shunt (or thecal shunt to another extrathecal cavity) should be considered. Although complications occurred in 3 of 7 @entity1 , the complication rate was outweighed by a relatively high symptomatic and imaging improvement rate.

title: Thecal shunt placement for treatment of obstructive primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia', 'spinal syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tonsillar']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: The theory that red blood cells (RBCs) generate and release @entity842 (NO)-like bioactivity has gained considerable interest. However, it remains unclear whether it can be produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which is present in RBCs, and whether NO can escape scavenging by hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that arginase reciprocally controls NO formation in RBCs by competition with eNOS for their common substrate @entity369 and that RBC-derived NO is functionally active following arginase blockade. We show that rodent and @entity1 RBCs contain functional @entity20503 and that pharmacological inhibition of arginase increases export of eNOS-derived @entity16425 from RBCs under basal conditions. The functional importance was tested in an ex vivo model of @entity741 -reperfusion injury. Inhibitors of arginase significantly improved postischemic functional recovery in @entity35 hearts if administered in whole blood or with RBCs in plasma. By contrast, arginase inhibition did not improve postischemic recovery when administered with buffer solution or plasma alone. The protective effect of arginase inhibition was lost in the presence of a NOS inhibitor. Moreover, hearts from eNOS(-/-) @entity19 were protected when the arginase inhibitor was given with blood from wild-type donors. In contrast, when hearts from wild-type @entity19 were given blood from eNOS(-/-) @entity19 , the arginase inhibitor failed to protect against @entity63 -reperfusion. These results strongly support the notion that RBCs contain functional eNOS and release NO-like bioactivity. This process is under tight control by @entity20503 and is of functional importance during @entity63 -reperfusion.

title: Arginase regulates red blood cell XXXX synthase and export of cardioprotective @entity842 bioactivity.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16425 :: ('MESH:D009589', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxides']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cervical @entity1823 are @entity5 that eventually cause lower @entity129 and infiltrate the skull base. Surgical treatment may cause the same deficits and, in some, risks more serious @entity51 . We describe a classification used to guide investigation, consent and management of cervical @entity1823 based on extensive experience. METHODS: The case notes of @entity1 managed by the senior author at a tertiary referral skull base unit between 1987 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 87 cervical @entity1823 were identified in 70 @entity1 (mean age: 46 years, range: 13-77 years). Of these, 35 @entity1 had 36 vagal @entity1823 , 43 @entity1 had 50 carotid body @entity1823 and 8 had both. One cervical @entity1823 arose from neither the carotid body nor the nodose ganglion. The main outcome measures were @entity204 , @entity64 , gastrostomy and tracheotomy. RESULTS: All @entity5 were classified pre-operatively based on their relationship to the carotid artery, skull base and lower cranial nerves. Type 1 @entity5 were excised with a transcervical approach, type 2 with a transcervical-parotid approach and type 3 with a combined transcervical-parotid and infratemporal fossa approach. Type 4 @entity1 underwent careful assessment and genetic counselling before any treatment was undertaken. There were no peri-operative deaths; two @entity1 had @entity64 , one required a long-term feeding gastrostomy and none required a tracheotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a pre-operative classification system guides management and surgical approach, improves accuracy of consent, facilitates audit and clarifies which @entity1 should be referred to specialised centres.

title: Classification and management of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['slow-growing tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of @entity7 , @entity1199 , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 and soluble @entity10497 in the pathogenesis of @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 10 healthy @entity1 who developed severe @entity43 , group A (n=10), following ovarian stimulation by long GnRHa/hMG protocol for IVF. A control group B=10 @entity1 underwent stimulation with the same protocol and did not develop @entity14563 . Blood and ascitic fluid samples were assayed for @entity7 , @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 and sIL-6R by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in @entity14563 group were 297.5+/-190, 6588+/-5566, 40.6+/-16.6, 5280+/-3326 and 492+/-165 pg/ml as compared to 50.8+/-17.4, 1100+/-391.6, 8.5+/-3.5, 516+/-342 and 167+/-31.3 pg/ml in the control group, respectively, P<0.001. The mean ascitic fluid @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in the @entity14563 group were 282.5+/-191.5 pg/ml, 26020+/-13 995, 90.5+/-36, 14900+/-2789 and 660+/-359 pg/ml as compared to 32+/-14.8, 1206+/-429.4, 12.6+/-1.7, 614+/-240 and 151+/-20.5 pg/ml, respectively, P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The significantly high levels of @entity7 in @entity1 with severe @entity14563 suggest that @entity7 is a major capillary permeability agent in @entity14563 . Elevated levels of @entity650 in serum and peritoneal fluid support the hypothesis that @entity650 may serve as a marker of @entity14563 . Although serum and ascitic fluid levels of @entity1199 were elevated, accumulating evidence does not support a pivotal role for @entity1199 in the pathogenesis of @entity14563 . However, it may have a peripheral role in mediating an increase in vascular permeability. Soluble @entity2902 and sIL-6R may be considered to be involved in @entity14563 . However, the patho-physiologic mechanism is the subject of further investigations. Clinical application of @entity7 -receptors in the management of @entity14563 is awaited with interest.

title: Elevated levels of @entity1199 , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 , soluble XXXX and @entity7 in serum and ascitic fluid of @entity1 with severe @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity10497 :: ('3570', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-6 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2 receptor alpha', 'IL-2Ralpha']

answer: @entity10497 :: (3570,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6 receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Various investigators believe that alcoholic @entity1689 is the result of recurrent episodes of @entity656 . The aim of this work is to study pancreatic histology in early stages of the disease to search for evidence of these acute episodes. STUDY: Of about 650 @entity1 with @entity8883 seen during the 30-year period from 1972 to 2002, 45 underwent surgery for this disease, all within 2 years of clinical onset. Of these 45, tissue samples adequate for study were obtained from 42, and this was the study material. Tissue samples were prepared for histologic examination by standard procedures. RESULTS: Areas of pancreatic @entity39 were seen in tissue samples of only three (7%) of the 42 @entity1 , and in all three cases @entity740 were also present. No evidence of localized scarring that could be attributed to prior episodes of focal necrotic @entity788 was found. A typical feature was the patchy distribution of the lesions in largely normal pancreatic tissue. The main lesions observed were perilobular and intralobular @entity82 , dilation of acini and ducts, and protein plugs in dilated ducts surrounded by periductal @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, in the early stages of alcoholic @entity1689 , signs of @entity656 are very infrequent and, when present, they are associated with @entity740 . These findings suggest that @entity8883 begins as a @entity102 .

title: A search for XXXX in early stages of alcoholic @entity1689 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel technique of radiofrequency ablation and plication of the rectal mucosa (RAMP) as a treatment for @entity33 is reported. The results of this technique are compared with the conventional ligature and excision procedure (LEP). METHODS: Radiofrequency ablation was performed using an Ellman radiofrequency generator. @entity1 with @entity33 were randomized to undergo either LEP or RAMP. The intra- and postoperative outcomes and complications were recorded. RESULTS: RAMP on average resulted in reduced operation time, shorter hospitalization, and significantly less @entity282 . Return to work was earlier and wound healing times were shorter than that of @entity1 in the control group. The complication rates also were significantly shorter (9% in the RAMP group and 29% in the conventional LEP group). CONCLUSION: The procedure of radiofrequency ablation and plication of rectal mucosa is safe, effective, and @entity514 . It can be proposed as an effective alternative to conventional surgical procedures.

title: Randomized controlled study: radiofrequency coagulation and plication versus ligation and excision technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['rectal mucosal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['rectal mucosal prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of the angiopoietin (Ang)/ @entity878 system in coronary collateral growth is not well understood, so the purpose of this study was to investigate and elucidate the relationship of this system to coronary collateral formation in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity453 were recruited. Blood samples from the left ventricle (LV) and coronary sinus (CS) were obtained during cardiac catheterization, and serum concentrations of @entity3658 , @entity877 , and @entity878 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity1 were then classified as mild @entity453 (n=30), defined as </=90% stenosis of the coronary arterial luminal diameter, or severe @entity453 (n=29), which was total (or near total) @entity1563 requiring coronary collateral growth. @entity3658 , @entity877 , and @entity878 in the LV and CS sera were not significantly different between groups. In the severe @entity453 group, spillover of @entity878 (CS-LV value) from the coronary circulation was found in comparison with the mild @entity453 group (3.43+/-2.22 vs -3.29+/-1.54 ng/ml, p=0.01), whereas the CS-LV values of @entity3658 and @entity877 did not differ between groups. @entity878 production was markedly increased in @entity1 with well-developed collaterals. A positive and significant correlation was found between coronary @entity877 and @entity878 levels (r=0.44, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity878 is probably produced in the coronary circulation and may induce the development or maintenance of coronary collaterals in @entity453 @entity1 . Furthermore, the role of @entity877 in the formation of coronary collaterals may be more important than that of @entity3658 .

title: XXXX , @entity877 and @entity878 in the coronary circulation of @entity1 with and without coronary collateral vessels.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3658 :: (284,Gene) :: ['Angiopoietin-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review patterns of relapse in a long-term analysis of @entity1 with @entity5 treated by orchidectomy and radiotherapy to the paraaortic lymph nodes only and to follow follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels dependent on testicular scatter dose. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1980 to 1995, 58 @entity1 with @entity5 received elective radiotherapy to the paraaortic lymph nodes only (Th12 to L4), with a mean total dose of 28.07 Gy (+/- 2.2 SD), using fractional doses between 1.5 and 2 Gy (mean 1.62 Gy +/- 0.083 SD). Since 1989, testicular scatter doses were measured routinely by in-vivo thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) in 45 @entity1 . In 26 @entity1 with normal pre-treatment values of FSH, FSH-levels were repeatedly controlled after radiotherapy in order to evaluate any radiation-induced sequelae. RESULTS: During a mean observation period of 69.4 months (range 30 to 210), 2 out of 57 @entity1 (3.5%) developed regional recurrences in the ipsilateral pelvic lymph nodes 14 months and 5 years after radiotherapy, respectively. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The relapse-free survival rate at 5 years was 96.5% after radiotherapy alone. After salvage chemotherapy, both relapse-free survival and overall survival rates come to 100%. The mean testicular scatter dose in 45 @entity1 was 0.22 Gy (+/- 0.087 SD). Seven out of 26 @entity1 (26.9%) developed a transient increase of FSH-levels, reaching peak values at 4.2 months and returning to normal ranges within 18 months after radiotherapy. Below 0.2 Gy, no effect on FSH was observed. Testicular scatter doses showed no clear correlation to FSH risings (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: After exclusive paraaortic radiation of @entity5 , even at follow-up periods in excess of 5 years the incidence of pelvic lymph node relapses remains below 4%. However, there seems to be a small potential for the development of late recurrences. With limited radiotherapy, permanent radiation-induced effects on the remaining testicle are very unlikely.

title: [Long-term XXXX control and fertility after para-aortic limited radiotherapy of @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative high-field (1.5 Tesla) @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) on the results of transsphenoidal surgery of GH-secreting @entity4611 . METHODS: Twenty-three acromegalic @entity1 (mean @entity5 size, 25 +/- 12 mm; untreated preoperative GH, 4.2-159 microg/l; @entity442 , 349-1111 microg/l) were investigated by intraoperative high-field @entity2996 . If intraoperative imaging depicted an accessible @entity5 remnant, resection was continued. RESULTS: In five @entity1 intraoperative @entity2996 led to further @entity5 removal, two of these met the consensus criteria for endocrine remission after 3 months. In two @entity1 basal GH and oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) were <2 microg/l, only @entity442 was slightly elevated, and in one @entity1 GH was <5 microg/l and OGTT was 2 microg/l, with elevated @entity442 . Final intraoperative @entity2996 showed no @entity5 remnants in 14 @entity1 ; eight of them met the consensus criteria for remission of @entity2012 . In the @entity1 with @entity2996 showing incomplete removal (four suspect findings and five @entity1 with intended partial removal) none was normalized. CONCLUSION: With regard to the @entity1 with a @entity5 configuration in whom complete @entity5 removal was considered (n = 18), intraoperative @entity2996 increased the rate of endocrine normalization from 33 to 44% applying the consensus criteria, and improved endocrine outcome to 'nearly normalization' in another 17%. With regard to preoperative GH levels and @entity5 size, intraoperative @entity2996 can help to achieve endocrine remission in @entity1 who are normally considered not to be curable. However, taking GH as the @entity5 marker, even intraoperative high-field @entity2996 was not able to detect @entity5 remnants in every case.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery in @entity2012 investigated by intraoperative high-field XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2996 :: (MESH:C564543,Disease) :: ['magnetic resonance imaging']


abstract: @entity548 remains an important complication in @entity715 ( @entity715 ). As for portal @entity101 due to other etiologies, an elective treatment to decrease the risk of subsequent rebleeding is warranted. The results of the Sugiura-Futagawa procedure (SP) in 38 @entity1 with @entity548 secondary to @entity715 are reported: 20 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , with a mean age of 28 +/- 2 years (SEM). Thirty-seven @entity1 were classified as @entity1 -Pugh class A, and one @entity1 as class B. In terms of diagnosis, 45% of @entity1 had idiopathic @entity715 , and 18% had associated @entity49 ; 52% of @entity1 had associated @entity715 . The SP was completed in two surgical stages in 18 @entity1 and in one surgical stage in 14; 6 @entity1 had only the abdominal stage. One @entity1 had mild postoperative @entity75 , and three @entity1 rebled at long-term follow-up study. There were two operative deaths. Actuarial survival was 70% at 64 months. It is concluded that the SP is an excellent alternative for @entity1 with @entity548 secondary to @entity715 .

title: Surgical management of extrahepatic portal @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Variceal bleeding', 'variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['EPVT', 'splenic vein thrombosis', 'extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of malignant @entity0 cells in bone marrow or peripheral blood is a prognostic factor. We tested the capacity of a novel magnetic cell analyzer to detect rare @entity5 cells in mixtures with @entity1 peripheral leukocytes. METHODS: @entity1 peripheral leukocytes were spiked with cells of the MCF-7 line, and the cell mixture was labeled with anti-epithelial membrane antigen antibody and a magnetic colloid. The MCF-7 cells were selectively captured on a magnetic deposition substrate from the flowing leukocyte and MCF-7 cell mixture. RESULTS: The recovery of the MCF-7 cells from the original mixture ranged from 20% to 60%. The limit of detection of the MCF-7 cells was 10(-6) (n = 9). The morphology of the captured @entity5 cells was well preserved and comparable to that observed in cytospin smears. All deposited cells were located in a small area of 1.4 mm x 6 mm and could be quickly identified with an optical @entity3178 following Wright's staining. CONCLUSIONS: This is a proof-of-principle study using a simplified model of rare @entity5 cells in a leukocyte mixture. The clinical relevance of the method will be tested in the future by extension to @entity1 bone marrow samples and using antibody cocktails to increase specificity against the @entity0 cells.

title: Detection of rare MCF-7 XXXX cells from mixtures of @entity1 peripheral leukocytes by magnetic deposition analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the contribution of @entity32 to postangioplasty lumen loss, we used an adenoviral gene therapy approach to inhibit the central inflammatory mediator nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by overexpression of its natural inhibitor, @entity4284 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The adenovirus carrying @entity1 @entity4284 was applied immediately after @entity384 by a double-balloon catheter in a @entity95 iliac artery restenosis model. Immunohistochemistry of @entity4284 revealed that mainly smooth muscle cells of the media but also cells of the adventitia were transduced and expressed the transgene IkappaB alpha for >/= 8 days. At this time point, @entity12049 (30%) and @entity23866 (50%) expression, as well as recruitment of macrophages into the wounded area (90%), were significantly reduced in IkappaB alpha-treated vessels. In addition, expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins was reduced and the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased compared with control-treated contralateral vessels. Animals killed 5 weeks after treatment exhibited a significantly reduced degree of lumen narrowing (P<0.02) on the side treated with adenovirus @entity4284 . The lumen gain of approximately 40% was due to positive remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: From these data, we conclude that balloon angioplasty-induced activation of NF-kappaB contributes to lumen loss likely via induction of an inflammatory response and a decrease in the rate of apoptosis. These data show for the first time that @entity32 mediated by NF-kappaB is involved in postangioplasty lumen narrowing. Specific and more potent inhibitors of NF-kappaB might therefore be a useful therapeutic measure to improve clinical outcome after @entity384 .

title: Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B significantly contributes to lumen loss in a XXXX iliac artery balloon angioplasty model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23866 :: ('100009130(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity12049 :: ('100009455(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity16 is the most common complication of @entity6 , and toxic serum factors may contribute to its genesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed @entity2359 in the serum of 39 @entity6 @entity1 and correlated it with clinical measures of somatic and autonomic nerve fiber damage. Sera were applied to N1E-115 and VSC4.1 @entity521 cells in vitro as models of sensory/autonomic (S/A) and motor neurons, respectively. @entity2359 was measured as either complete or near-complete cell death (highly toxic), inhibited cell growth (moderately toxic), or normal cell proliferation (nontoxic) compared with pooled human serum controls during culture over 4 days. RESULTS: There was an inverse correlation between @entity2359 and vibration perception threshold (P < 0.01). Age (P < 0.02), duration of @entity6 (P < 0.02), and HbA1c (P < 0.03) correlated with @entity2359 , suggesting that glycation may contribute to @entity137 in this model. S/A @entity2359 occurred more frequently in the sera of @entity1 with type 1 (19 of 25) than type 2 (5 of 14) @entity6 (P < 0.02). None of the sera from either type 1 or type 2 @entity6 @entity1 displayed @entity2359 on VSC4.1 cells, whereas sera from @entity1 with @entity1897 were highly toxic. CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that there is a relationship between the specific nerve fiber dysfunction in the @entity1 and the type of neuronal cell killed, not only for @entity3949 but also for known forms of @entity10469 . Such toxic factors may contribute to @entity3949 by acting in concert with @entity4854 to damage sensory/autonomic neurons.

title: Specific fiber deficits in @entity3949 correspond to @entity137 against @entity521 cells of sera from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1313 induced by transplacental application of @entity330 ( @entity331 ) in F344 @entity35 were immunohistochemically demonstrated to consist of undifferentiated cells, astriocyte-like cells, oligodendroglia-like cells, and two distinct types of @entity7229 -expressing cell groupings termed as perivascular small cell nests (PSCNs) and large cell nests (LCNs). Co-distribution of @entity7229 and @entity40 ( @entity40 ) was sparsely observed in the astrocyte-like cells, which suggested an immature glial phenotype. PCSNs contained cells expressing @entity40 , @entity20482 ( @entity20482 ), beta-tubulin isotype III, and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors (LNGFRs). LCNs contained cells showing a neuronal phenotype with expression of low- and middle-molecular mass neurofilament proteins ( @entity47312 ) as well as @entity20482 , beta-tubulin isotype III and @entity11451 . Double-labelling immunohistochemistry revealed the @entity18423 -expression in @entity11451 -positive LCN-forming cells. Oligodendroglia-like cells and their intercellular neuropil-like structures expressed beta-tubulin isotype III, @entity20099 and @entity20482 , in addition to the expressions of @entity7229 and @entity40 . Electron microscopically, synapse-like structures were formed between these oligodendroglia-like cells and their dendritic processes. Topographically, bidirectional cell transitions from PSCNs to astrocytes and LCNs were indicated. The present study strongly suggests that so-called ENU-induced " @entity11 " originate from pluripotent germinal neuroepithelium. Furthermore, @entity11451 expression may be responsible for acquisition of neuronal phenotype in these @entity5 .

title: Evidence for an origin of XXXX -induced @entity35 central nervous system tumors from pluripotent germinal neuroepithelium.

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity330 :: (MESH:D005038,Chemical) :: ['ethyl-nitrosourea']


abstract: The Bangladesh Acute @entity16 Study (BANDS) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and operational aspects of @entity810 in @entity1201 . The study is based at a single centre in Bangladesh, in an area with a high prevalence of @entity1201 . The centre, Danish Bangladesh Leprosy Mission, has a well-established vertical @entity1201 control programme. In this paper, the study design and methodology are described, together with definitions of nerve function impairment (NFI) used in this and subsequent papers. The study recruited 2664 new @entity1201 cases in a 12-month period. The male:female ratio is 1.25:1, and 17.61% of the cohort are under 15 years of age. In all, 83.33% of the cohort are paucibacillary (PB), and 16.67% @entity1202 ( @entity1202 ). However, the @entity1202 rate amongst males is 19.72%, and amongst females is 12.85%, despite an equal period of delay to diagnosis. 55% of @entity1 presented for treatment within 12 months of developing symptoms 6.12% of the total number of cases were smear positive, and 36.71% of the @entity1202 cases were smear positive. 9.61% of the total number of cases were graded as having World Health Organisation (WHO) disability grade 1, and 5.97% had grade 2. Amongst @entity1202 cases, 27.48% had WHO grade 1 disability present, and 18.24% had grade 2 present, compared with 6.04% and 3.51%, respectively, amongst PB cases. A total of 11.90% of the cohort had sensory NFI of any kind, and 7.39% had motor NFI. Ninety @entity1 presented with NFI needing treatment (3.38%), and of these, 61 (67.78%) had silent NFI. @entity1202 @entity1 had a prevalence of reaction/NFI needing treatment nearly 7 times higher than PB cases (15.32% amongst @entity1202 ; 2.30% amongst PB), and males nearly double that of females (5.67% amongst males, 2.96% amongst females). The most commonly affected nerve by function impairment was the posterior tibial (sensory) with 6.46% of nerves affected (9.38% of @entity1 ), followed by the ulnar nerve with 3.23% of nerves impaired (5.56% of @entity1 ). Future research and publications, building on this foundation, will focus on the following areas: the incidence of NFI and reactive events, the risk factors for developing NFI, and the response to treatment of @entity1 developing acute NFI.

title: Nerve function impairment in @entity1201 : design, methodology, and intake status of a prospective cohort study of 2664 new @entity1201 cases in Bangladesh (The Bangladesh Acute XXXX Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve Damage']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['MB', 'multibacillary']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute nerve function impairment']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Nerve Damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in @entity2347 of @entity50864 as well as their relation with biological behaviour of @entity2347 . METHODS: Experimental study. The research objects were 60 cases of @entity2347 of @entity50864 which were collected from No.2 Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 1991 to Jule 2011. There were 25 males and 35 females aged from 29 to 42 years. Based on histological revision, there were 36 cases of cribriform-tubular subtype and 24 cases of solid subtype. Forty-five cases were primary lesions and 15 cases were recurrent lesions. Ten samples of normal @entity50864 around polymorphic adenoma were selected as the control group. The expression of CD105, @entity1476 and @entity1495 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) was defined by expression of CD105. One way ANOVA,   (2)-test and spearman correlation test were used to analyzed the data. RESULTS: The number of @entity2101 [(17.71    5.63)/100 folds field of vision] and the positive rates of @entity1476 (45.0%, 27/60) and @entity1495 (55.0%, 33/60) in the samples of @entity2347 of @entity50864 were higher than those in the normal @entity50864 [the number of @entity2101 was (0.70    0.95)/100 folds field of vision, the expressions of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were negative] (t' = 2.039, P < 0.05;   (2) = 5.550, P < 0.05;   (2) = 8.315, P < 0.01), the solid subtypes had more @entity2101 [(26.12    5.32)/100 folds field of vision] and higher positive rates of @entity1476 (62.5%, 15/24) and @entity1495 (79.2%, 19/24) than the cribriform-tubular subtypes (t' = 2.060, P < 0.05;   (2) = 4.950, P < 0.05;   (2) = 9.439, P < 0.05); the recurrent lesions had more @entity2101 and higher positive rate of @entity1476 and @entity1495 than the primary lesions (t' = 2.129, P < 0.05;   (2) = 9.899, P < 0.05;   (2) = 8.103, P < 0.05). The number of @entity2101 in ACC of @entity50864 @entity1 was correlated with the positive rate of @entity1476 and @entity1495 respectively (rs = 0.636, P < 0.05; rs = 0.524, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity2101 and the expression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 are higher level in @entity2347 of @entity50864 and are significantly correlated with pathological type and recurrence. Detecting the number of @entity2101 and the expression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 may become biological indexes for @entity5 , recurrence and @entity3 of @entity2347 of @entity50864 .

title: [The expression of @entity1476 and XXXX in @entity2347 of @entity50864 ].

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metal proteinase (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel density', 'MVD']

entities_list: @entity50864 :: ('MESH:C562407', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Royal College of Surgeons of England published clinical guidelines for the management of groin @entity547 in adults in July 1993. We compared our indications, techniques, complications and outcome with these guidelines. @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 440 @entity1 who underwent a groin @entity547 repair from the 1 July 1994 to 30 July 1995 were studied retrospectively. Special consideration was given to the advantages and acceptance of day-case surgery. Confidential questionnaires were sent to all @entity1 6-12 months following surgery. RESULTS: The majority of elective primary @entity169 (83%) were repaired by the open tension-free Lichtenstein mesh technique. Our selection criteria for day-case surgery included ASA I, age (< 65 years) and social situation; 56% underwent an operation on a day-case basis. Including in- @entity1 discharged within 24 h following operation, this proportion of 'day-cases' increased to 72.5%. @entity532 occurred in the day-case group (P = 0.018). However, this difference may be caused by incomplete reporting of complications in the day-case group. There were no significant differences in @entity1 ' satisfaction, postoperative attendance for medical advice or time back to work between the day-case and in- @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines need to be reviewed. The Lichtenstein repair offers an excellent and simple technique for @entity547 repair as a day-case procedure. Our results suggest that the number of @entity547 repairs performed as a day-case could substantially be increased to more than the recommended 30%. Time off work is mainly influenced by the advice given by GPs and surgeons. Reducing time off work by giving more appropriate recommendations and increasing the number of day-case surgery cases could significantly reduce the costs of health-care.

title: Guidelines for XXXX in everyday practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Less complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in adults with newly diagnosed @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and compare the distribution of PHQ-9 items in those with and without Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) @entity308 . METHODS: A two-stage survey design was used in primary care centers (n = 96). In Stage 1, @entity1 were administered the PHQ-9 and biopsychosocial measures. In Stage 2, PHQ-9 positives (score >=  10) and randomly selected PHQ-9 negatives (score <10) had a diagnostic interview, Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry 2.1. The sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristics of the PHQ-9 were calculated. The means of PHQ-9 items were compared. RESULTS: Stage 1: Prevalence of PHQ-9 positives (completing Stage 2) was 12.1% (n = 182). PHQ-9 positives were younger (mean [standard deviation] age = 52.8 [9.47] versus 56.2 [11.50] years, p < .001) and had higher body mass index (32.7 [7.08] versus 31.6 [6.25] kg/m(2), p = .028) than PHQ-9 negatives (n = 1278). Stage 2: Prevalence of DSM-IV @entity308 was 5.6% (n = 84). The optimal cutoff was >=  12 (sensitivity = 86.9%, specificity = 80.3%). PHQ-9 true positives scored significantly higher than PHQ-9 false positives on all items, excluding sleep (mean [standard deviation] score = 2.4 [0.98] versus 2.2 [1.06]), fatigue (2.5 [0.80] versus 2.3 [0.86]), and appetite (1.6 [1.23] versus 1.5 [1.26]). CONCLUSIONS: Over-identification of @entity308 by PHQ-9 in @entity6 may be driven by presence of symptoms in keeping with an organic origin.

title: XXXX using a two-stage survey design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Comparison of depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare changes in peripheral refraction with single-vision (SV) and @entity5278 ( @entity5278 ) correction of distance central refraction with commercially available SV and @entity5278 soft contact lenses (SCLs) in young myopic adults. METHODS: Thirty-four myopic adult subjects were fitted with Proclear Sphere and Proclear Multifocal SCLs to correct their manifest central @entity2516 . Central and peripheral refraction were measured with no lens wear and subsequently with the two different types of SCL correction. RESULTS: At baseline, refraction was myopic at all locations along the horizontal meridian. Peripheral refraction was relatively hyperopic compared with center at 30 and 35 degrees in the temporal @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in low myopes, and at 30 and 35 degrees in the temporal @entity227 , and 10, 30, and 35 degrees in the nasal @entity227 in moderate myopes. @entity227 and @entity5278 distance correction with Proclear Sphere and Proclear Multifocal SCLs, respectively, caused a hyperopic shift in refraction at all locations in the horizontal @entity227 . Compared with SV correction, @entity5278 SCL correction caused a significant relative myopic shift at all locations in the nasal @entity227 in both @entity258 and also at 35 degrees in the temporal @entity227 in moderate myopes. CONCLUSIONS: Correction of central @entity227 caused a hyperopic shift in both central and peripheral refraction at all positions in the horizontal meridian. @entity227 SCL correction caused the @entity1897 , which initially experienced absolute myopic defocus at baseline with no correction to experience an absolute hyperopic defocus. Multifocal SCL correction resulted in a relative myopic shift in peripheral refraction compared with SV SCL correction. This myopic shift may explain recent reports of reduced @entity1714 progression rates with @entity5278 SCL correction.

title: The effect of XXXX soft contact lenses on peripheral refraction.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'refractive error with SV and MF SCLs', 'VF', 'Single-vision']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral retina']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low and moderate myopes']

answer: @entity5278 :: (MESH:C537374,Disease) :: ['multifocal']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Synchronous @entity14 refer to the simultaneous occurrence of multiple @entity14 in a single @entity1 , excluding any @entity3 from other organs. At present, radical surgery is considered the standard curative treatment; however, individualized surgical strategies depend on @entity5 location, the depth of invasion and the general health of the @entity1 . In the present study, the case of a 52-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 2-month history of @entity490 that was accompanied by intermittent @entity360 and @entity353 is reported. The @entity1 had no family history of @entity5 . Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed intestinal wall thickness in the transverse colon and @entity99 . Colonoscopy identified 3 @entity5 : The first @entity5 was located in the descending colon with lumen stenosis ~60 cm from the anal verge, the second @entity5 was located in the @entity96 was located in the sigmoid colon, 23 cm from the anal verge. Subsequently, laparoscopic subtotal colectomy was performed and all three @entity5 were removed, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The @entity1 did not undergo chemotherapy following surgery, due to personal reasons. Subsequent to 19 months of follow-up examinations using CT and colonoscopy every 6 months, the @entity1 exhibited no signs of recurrence. Thus, laparoscopic subtotal colectomy represents an effective surgical approach for the treatment of synchronous @entity14 following imaging and endoscopic diagnosis.

title: XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic flexure of the colon, and the third tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['volvulus in the hepatic flexure of colon']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy for synchronous triple colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1569 is associated with a variety of comorbidities such as @entity28 and @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: In a cross-sectional study, we explored whether @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with @entity1569 characteristics and metabolic parameters. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 underwent a nocturnal polysomnography study and were analysed for Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index to assess @entity27 severity and Framigham score to predict the absolute risk of @entity453 at 10 years. The association of @entity27 with @entity1569 was examined according to @entity1569 characteristics (PASI and DLQI scores, disease duration and previous use of systemic treatments), metabolic parameters (Body Mass Index - BMI, waist to hip ratio - WHR, lipid profile) and other comorbidities ( @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity625 and @entity65 ). RESULTS: There was no correlation between @entity1569 characteristics and @entity27 . @entity1569 @entity1 with @entity27 presented more frequent snoring and lower @entity25 compared with those without @entity27 . In univariate analyses, @entity27 was associated with increased BMI and @entity101 in @entity1569 @entity1 . In multivariable logistic regression models, there was statistically significant evidence that only BMI and @entity101 were associated with increased risk of @entity27 , adjusting for @entity1569 characteristics, age and gender. Presence of @entity209 , WHR, and smoking were not significant risk factors for @entity27 . In subgroup analyses, @entity27 correlated with duration of @entity1569 (>8 years) in @entity1 (P = 0.021) and with Framigham score in @entity1 (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: @entity27 may be a comorbidity in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity101 . Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and weight loss interventions should be initiated.

title: Sleep apnea as a comorbidity in @entity28 XXXX : a cross-sectional study. Do @entity1569 characteristics and metabolic parameters play a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['Psoriasis', 'psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese psoriasis', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAHS', 'obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCION: To assess the prognostic and discriminative accuracy of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs- @entity10020 ) for prediction of inhospital mortality in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with suspected @entity281 . METHODS: Prospective observational derivation study in @entity341 @entity1 with suspected @entity281 . Prognostic performance of hs- @entity10020 (divided in four quartiles because of non-linearity) for prediction of inhospital mortality was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, correcting for predisposition, @entity281 , response and organ failure (PIRO) score as a measure of illness severity and quality of @entity341 treatment as quantified by the number of 'Surviving Sepsis Campaign' goals achieved. Discriminative power of hs- @entity10020 was assessed by receiver operator characteristics with area under the curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS: Hs- @entity10020 (median (IQR) was 57 (25-90)   ng/L (n=23) in non-survivors, significantly higher than the 15 (7-28)   ng/L in survivors (n=269, p<0.001). Additionally, the lowest quartile of hs- @entity10020 was a perfect predictor of survival because zero @entity204 occurred. Therefore, the second quartile was used as a reference category in the multivariable logistic regression analysis showing that hs- @entity10020 was an independent predictor of inhospital mortality: Corrected ORs were 2.2 (95% CI 0.4 to 12.1) and 5.8 (1.2 to 27.3) for the 3rd and 4th quartile compared with the 2nd hs- @entity10020 quartile. The AUCs of hs-TnT was 0.81 (0.74 to 0.88), similar to the AUC of 0.78 (0.68 to 0.87) of the PIRO score (p>0.05). Overall negative predictive value of hs- @entity10020 was 99%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity341 @entity1 with suspected @entity281 , the routinely used biomarker hs- @entity10020 is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality with excellent discriminative performance. Future studies should focus on the additional value of hs- @entity10020 to existing risk stratification tools.

title: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality in @entity341 XXXX with suspected @entity281 : a prospective observational derivation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) is a narrowing of the bony exit of a nerve root, which causes mechanical compression of spinal nerve roots. @entity158 , and possibly @entity613 , may result due to mechanical neural compression. Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) are commonly used for treating @entity2649 . @entity1 refractory to TFESIs may benefit from percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis. OBJECTIVE: Our intent was to assess transforaminal adhesiolysis ( @entity13799 ) as treatment for @entity2649 , analyzing @entity1 response by severity of @entity850 and evaluating the short-term effectiveness of @entity13799 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Following IRB approval, 35 @entity1 with @entity2649 were enrolled, all of whom underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. Sagittal MRI views were evaluated to grade the severity of @entity2649 . @entity13799 was routinely conducted in the operating room. One hour after the procedure, each @entity1 received 6 mL of 10% @entity2827 , infused over 30 minutes, with monitoring. Posttreatment outcomes were determined at 2 weeks and 3 months using a 5-point @entity1 satisfaction scale. To test predictive value, @entity1 were stratified by response (improvement versus no improvement). RESULTS: Improvement (defined as @entity158 , moderate @entity158 , or no @entity158 ) was observed in 25 @entity1 (71.4%) at 2 weeks and in 22 @entity1 (62.8%) at 3 months following the procedure. Among @entity1 showing improvement, those with Grade 3 @entity612 outnumbered those with Grade 2. At the 3-month follow-up, no statistically significant correlations between @entity158 relief and the grade of @entity2649 was evident. LIMITATIONS: Secondary outcomes were not measured and the follow-up period was relatively brief. CONCLUSION: Short-term results indicate that percutaneous @entity13799 is an effective treatment for @entity2649 , although therapeutic outcomes and the severity of @entity2649 showed no correlation.

title: Effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal adhesiolysis in @entity1 with lumbar neuroforaminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LFSS', 'Lumbar foraminal spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'little pain', 'Low back pain and/or leg pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: The study of @entity7158 may provide more insight into the pathogenesis of specific @entity5 and, secondly, it addresses the issue of treatment-related induction of second @entity5 . 584 consecutive @entity1 with testicular germ cell @entity5 treated during 1969-1992 in Berlin were retrospectively analyzed for the prevalence of @entity7158 . 23 @entity1 (16 pure @entity4797 , 7 nonseminoma) developing @entity5 in addition to @entity5 were identified (3.9%, 95 confidence intervals +/- 1.6%). The mean age at the time of the @entity5 was 42.8 years, and mean age at the time of @entity5 was 50.2 years. In 4 cases, the @entity5 preceded @entity5 , in 3 @entity1 both @entity5 occurred simultaneously, and in 16, @entity5 developed subsequently to @entity5 . In 4 @entity1 , @entity5 were observed. @entity150 and @entity5 with each 3 cases were the most frequent second @entity5 seen in these @entity1 . 9 consecutive @entity5 developed within radiation fields, the median latency period in these cases was 12 years. None of the subsequent @entity5 developed after chemotherapy. It is concluded that genetic predisposition and radiation effects are the most important factors contributing to the occurrence of @entity7158 in @entity1 with @entity5 . The high rate of @entity7158 in these @entity1 lends further evidence to the theory of genetic anticipation of germ cell @entity5 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with testicular germ cell tumor.

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['multiple primary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nontesticular malignancies', 'triple malignancies', 'bronchogenic cancer', 'cancers', 'nontesticular malignancy', 'testicular germ cell cancer', 'cancer', 'testis cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity7158 :: (MESH:D009378,Disease) :: ['Multiple primary neoplasms']


abstract: @entity6629 ( @entity6629 ) cream is a stable combination of @entity20773 0.01%, @entity8156 4%, and @entity1968 0.05%, and currently is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the topical treatment of @entity1709 . Furthermore, it is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved product containing @entity8156 . Anecdotal evidence suggests that improvements in @entity1709 can be achieved with a multifactor approach involving @entity6629 cream with a variety of procedures. A pilot study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential treatment with @entity6629 cream and a series of @entity25104 (GA) peels in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1709 . @entity1 were treated with @entity6629 cream for 2 weeks before the alternating sequential treatment cycles with @entity6629 cream and GA peels began. A total of six 2-week cycles of @entity6629 cream and 5 GA peels were used. Efficacy and safety evaluations were conducted at weeks 6 and 12. Investigator global assessment (IGA) ratings indicated that 1 of 20 @entity1 (5%) had achieved treatment success (clear/almost clear) as early as week 6 and most @entity1 had achieved treatment success by week 12 (65% [13/20]; P < .001 vs baseline). Objective absorption spectrometry measurements of the difference in melanin for involved versus uninvolved skin confirmed that hyperpigmentation was significantly reduced in @entity1 at weeks 6 and 12 compared with baseline (P < .001 for both). Investigator and @entity1 evaluations revealed that most @entity1 (> or = 90%) showed improvement (excellent improvement, much improved, improved) by week 12 with alternating sequential treatment with @entity6629 cream and GA peels. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that sequential treatment with @entity6629 cream and GA peels was well-tolerated.

title: Successful treatment of moderate to severe XXXX with triple-combination cream and @entity25104 peels: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'Triple-combination']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve ( @entity2125 ) and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation. METHODS: All the animals were divided into six groups (A-F). The @entity35 in groups A and B received no pretreatment. The @entity35 in groups C and D received subcutaneous injection of @entity2951 or control vehicle, respectively, near the @entity2125 for 2 days. Those in groups E and F had the @entity2125 exposed to @entity2951 or control vehicle, respectively, for 20 min. Subsequently, pressor responses were induced by stimulation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) either electrically (groups A and C C-F) or chemically via injection of @entity2227 (group B). After two stable pressor responses (baseline), all groups were subject to 5-min @entity2125 stimulation followed by PVN stimulation for 10 s. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were recorded. The pressor response was calculated as the difference in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and after PVN stimulation, and changes from baseline in pressor response after @entity2125 stimulation were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Increases of MAP of 22.88  2.18 mm Hg and 20.32  5.25 mm Hg were induced by electrical (group A) or chemical (group B) stimulation of the PVN, respectively. These pressor responses were inhibited by stimulation of the @entity2125 , and the MAP was @entity146 .10 mm Hg in group A (n=6, P<0.01) and 7.00  2.85 mm Hg in group B (n=6, P<0.01). Subcutaneous injection of @entity2951 (125 mg/kg) near the @entity2125 in group C (n=7) had no effect on the inhibitory effect of @entity2125 stimulation compared with the group D (n=9), and neither did blockade of nociceptive fibers with @entity2951 in group E (n=6) compared with group F (n=8). CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the @entity2125 mimicking acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on the pressor response, and the effect is mediated by @entity2951 -insensitive afferent fibers in the @entity2125 .

title: Electrical stimulation of deep peroneal nerve mimicking acupuncture inhibits the pressor response via @entity2951 -insensitive afferents in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Direct adsorption of lipoproteins (DALI) apheresis is the first method for direct adsorption of lipoproteins from whole blood and is therefore an easy and rapid procedure. The majority of @entity1 reaches >60% acute low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) reduction using either the DALI 750 or 1000 configuration. However, in @entity1 with extremely high @entity11429 levels or very large blood volumes, these configurations may lead to suboptimal results. The current study was performed to test the safety and efficacy of DALI 1250. In a severely @entity28 @entity1 (185 cm, 133 kg, blood volume 7.2 L, @entity11429 239 mg/dl), 11 L of blood (1.53-fold @entity1 blood volume) was processed at a flow rate of 80 ml/min in 2.5 h; a combined heparin-plus- @entity1792 anticoagulation regimen was used. Commercially available DALI 1250 and DALI hardware and disposables were manufactured by Fresenius HemoCare Adsorber Technology, St. Wendel, Germany. Twenty weekly sessions were performed. Clinically and technically, the apheresis sessions were completely uneventful. As compared to DALI 1000 (n = 4 sessions), the reduction rates by DALI 1250 (n = 20) improved for @entity11429 (from 52% to 66%), lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) (53% vs. 66%), and fibrinogen (11% vs. 16%). There was a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) loss (20% vs. 24%). Moreover, the absolute amount of @entity11429 removed per session increased from 5.06 g to 5.94 g. Laboratory safety parameters remained within the normal range, the anticoagulation was well controlled, and the pressure gradients over the adsorber remained constant. In this case report, DALI 1250 was perfectly safe and significantly increased the efficacy of @entity11429 and Lp(a) elimination compared to standard DALI. Thus, this high-efficiency version of DALI may be used in @entity1 with extremely high @entity11429 levels and/or large blood volumes.

title: High-efficiency DALI apheresis using 1,250 ml adsorbers in a @entity28 XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The experiment compared meat quality in carcasses from @entity1707 subjected to the absolute minimum of stress preslaughter with that from carcasses of @entity1707 subjected to simulated @entity12168 . A total of 120 @entity1707 (85 kg) were used. They were a commercial hybrid and were processed in six equal batches. The minimal stress group were slaughtered with as little stress as possible. The simulated @entity12168 group were mixed and transported for 2hr (80 km) and lairaged for 30 min. Simulated @entity12168 increased plasma @entity701 , plasma @entity880 , CPK and beta-endorphin. Muscle temperature measured in the m. longissimus dorsi (LD) at 45 min increased as did the ultimate pH in the m. @entity26326 ( @entity26326 ). Overall eating quality was not affected. There were batch affects on most variables. Males were leaner and produced meat that had greater abnormal fat odour, darker cooked colour, poorer pork flavour, lower overall acceptability and was tougher.

title: Meat quality in XXXX subjected to minimal preslaughter stress.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['commercial handling']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of the prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses with @entity2418 . BACKGROUND: The accuracy of prenatal echocardiographic diagnoses of @entity299 has been reported, but no previous reports specifically address fetal @entity2418 . METHODS: Medical records of 61 fetuses, in which a fetal diagnosis of a @entity2418 was made, were reviewed. Disease entities included were @entity215 ( @entity215 ), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), @entity3886 (TGA), and truncus arteriosus (TA). RESULTS: Fetal diagnosis was established at a median of 24.5 weeks' gestation. Termination of pregnancy was chosen in 31% (19/61) of cases. Postnatal assessment of the diagnosis was not obtained in 12 cases. Excluding two sets of conjoined twins, accurate prenatal diagnosis including definition of the great artery orientation was achieved in 36 of 47 cases (77%). Seven of 17 fetuses with DORV anatomy, of which 6 were thought to have a subpulmonary @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), had incorrect prenatal assessment of the great artery relationships. One fetus thought to show features of TA had @entity2333 with @entity1757 and normal-sized left ventricle. Of the 42 pregnancies that continued, 15 had major @entity600 and/or chromosomal abnormalities of which one died in utero with trisomy-13 and TA. A further nine died within the neonatal period. Among the 27 fetuses without a documented chromosomal or major @entity154 , 13 (48%) died. Overall, the survival rate beyond 28 days of life was 52% (22/42). In contrast, 75% (6/8) of fetuses with @entity215 , excluding the @entity338 , survived. CONCLUSIONS: Conotruncal anomalies can be diagnosed by prenatal echocardiography with a high degree of accuracy. Defining the exact spatial relationship of the great arteries is problematic in some fetuses. The overall prognosis for fetuses with a @entity2418 is poor, with the exception of uncomplicated @entity215 .

title: Accuracy of prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atresia']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal anomalies', 'conotruncal anomaly']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['conotruncal anomalies']


abstract: A large body of evidence indicates that @entity409 is a characteristic of @entity1 with essential @entity101 . By definition, @entity409 is a functional and reversible alteration of endothelial cells, resulting from impairment in @entity842 (NO) availability and oxidative stress. @entity224 anion is a major determinant of NO biosynthesis and also acts as a vasoconstrictor. In addition, @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) can generate @entity224 rather than NO in response to atherogenic stimuli (" @entity3623 uncoupling"). Under these circumstances, @entity3623 may become a peroxynitrite generator, leading to a dramatic increase in oxidative stress, since @entity6710 has additional detrimental effects on vascular function by lipid peroxidation. Increased levels of biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress have been found in @entity1 with @entity101 . In particular, @entity1 with @entity101 -related microvascular changes showed increased lipid peroxidation and platelet activation when compared with @entity1 with absent or early signs of @entity989 . Furthermore, oxidant stress has been shown to play an important role in promoting a prothrombotic state in the vascular system. For all these reasons, @entity409 is evoked in @entity101 @entity1 as promotor of vascular progressive damage and @entity731 through the enhanced oxidative stress of arterial walls. This broadens the cardiovascular risk of @entity101 @entity1 and explains the insufficient role of the strict BP reduction in the prevention of @entity455 , thus opening up new perspectives on the antioxidant properties of currently available antihypertensive drugs and supplementation with antioxidant principles.

title: XXXX and oxidative stress in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic and thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 are at risk for injury even if they are not active recreational @entity1 . This study describes the epidemiology of pediatric nonparticipant skating-related @entity130 treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States from 1993 to 2003. METHODS: Narratives of @entity130 identified by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System consumer product codes as ice-skating, roller-skating, and in-line skating-related were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were treated for nonparticipant skating-related @entity130 in National Electronic Injury Surveillance System emergency departments. Mechanisms of injury included being stepped on (36.2%), dropped (34.5%), or kicked (12.1%) by skaters and collision with skaters (17.2%). The most common body regions injured were the lower extremities (41.4%), upper extremities (24.1%), and head (20.7%). Contusions/abrasions (32.8%), lacerations (20.7%), and @entity174 (19.0%) were the most common diagnoses. @entity1 who were dropped sustained more @entity542 than @entity1 injured by other mechanisms (relative risk [RR], 20.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-150.5; P < 0.001) and were younger than those stepped on (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P = 0.02) or kicked (RR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.1-40.9; P < 0.001). @entity1 stepped on by skaters experienced more @entity130 to the extremities than @entity1 who were dropped by (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7-6.5; P < 0.001) or collided with skaters (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are at risk for injury when they are around skaters. The risk of such @entity130 can be reduced if @entity1 are never carried by skaters, young @entity1 are closely supervised to avoid collisions, and skaters are cautioned against kicking or stepping on other @entity1 .

title: Nonparticipant XXXX associated with skating activities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Rate-dependent force production was investigated using small trabecular muscle from control and @entity1184 @entity35 cardiac muscle. @entity1283 was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of @entity3044 (0.3 mg/kg body weight) for 12 days. The force-frequency relationship, for the control @entity35 myocardium, is clearly biphasic. A stepped increase in stimulation frequency from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz results in a decrease in contractile force (negative phase). However, at higher stimulation frequency above 0.5 Hz, an increased contractile force is revealed (positive phase). Membrane action potential duration (APD50) was used to reflect sarcolemmal @entity141 influx. The frequency-dependent increase in APD50 and the ability of @entity594 , a sarcolemmal L-type @entity141 channel blocker, to eliminate the positive-force frequency response, indicate that sarcolemmal @entity141 influx is important for force development at high stimulation frequency. Relative @entity141 content of sarcoplasmic reticulum is estimated from rapid cooling contractures. The parallel change of rapid cooling contractures and twitch force suggests that the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 content alters with varying frequencies of stimulation. @entity3044 -induced @entity1184 muscle shows a greater contractile force, increased @entity594 -sensitive force development and prolonged APD50 compared to controls. These data suggest a greater availability of intracellular @entity141 to activate contraction in @entity1184 muscle, possibly by amplified @entity141 influx via L-type channel.

title: Force-frequency response in XXXX -induced @entity1184 @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-dose heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin are effective strategies for preventing @entity1211 in colorectal surgery. The economic attractiveness of these 2 strategies in North America is unknown. We conducted an economic analysis of low-dose heparin @entity460 compared with enoxaparin @entity1372 , a low-molecular-weight heparin, for @entity1031 prophylaxis after colorectal surgery. METHODS: We used decision analysis, with an economic perspective of a third-party payer. Efficacy data were obtained from the Canadian Multicentre Colorectal Deep Vein @entity715 Prophylaxis Trial and a literature review. Canadian costs for diagnosis and treatment of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), and major @entity548 were obtained from chart review and a national hospital database of colorectal surgery; American costs were obtained from published literature. The main outcomes were incremental benefits (symptomatic DVTs, symptomatic PEs, and major @entity548 events avoided) and incremental costs for every 1000 @entity1 treated. RESULTS: In the Canadian Colorectal Trial, the relative risk of @entity1150 and @entity1151 for enoxaparin compared with low-dose heparin was 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.5), and the relative risk of major @entity548 was 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-3.9). With the use of these data in the baseline analysis, a strategy of enoxaparin prophylaxis was associated with equal numbers of symptomatic DVTs and PEs, and an excess of 12 major @entity548 episodes for every 1000 @entity1 treated, with an additional cost of  86 050 (Canadian data) or  145 667 (US data). In a sensitivity analysis using optimal assumptions for efficacy and safety of enoxaparin (relative risk of @entity1150 , 0.8; relative risk of @entity1151 , 0.4; relative risk of major @entity548 , 1.0), a strategy of enoxaparin prophylaxis was associated with 0.8 fewer symptomatic @entity1150 , 3 fewer symptomatic PEs, and equal numbers of major @entity548 episodes for every 1000 @entity1 treated, with an additional cost of  15 217 (Canadian data) or  107 614 (US data). CONCLUSION: Although heparin and enoxaparin are equally effective, low-dose heparin is a more economically attractive choice for @entity1031 prophylaxis after colorectal surgery.

title: Economic analysis of low-dose heparin vs the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin for prevention of XXXX after colorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of @entity9940 intake on five postoperative @entity231 surgery complications (toxic @entity1347 , rebound @entity1596 , @entity1713 , @entity1103 , and @entity86 ). This retrospective cohort study was conducted at University Hospital of Henares. The study included 660-eyes of 660 @entity1 submitted to @entity231 surgery at the ophthalmology unit of Hospital del Henares (Madrid) between 2 March 2009 and 28 February 2010. Extracapsular @entity231 extraction, combined @entity726 and @entity231 surgery phacovitrectomy, posterior capsule @entity397 and zonular damage were considered exclusion criteria. Clinical charts were reviewed during July 2012. @entity1 were divided in two groups (exposed and non-exposed to @entity9940 ). Cumulative incidence of toxic @entity1347 , rebound @entity1596 , @entity1713 , @entity1103 and @entity86 were compared in both groups. Rebound @entity1596 (relative risk [RR] 3.39; confidence interval [CI] 1.63-7.08) and @entity1103 (RR 4.15; CI 1.06-16.22) were more common in the @entity9940 -exposed group. @entity1713 had a similar incidence in both groups. We observed no cases of @entity3225 or toxic @entity1347 in either of the two groups. @entity9940 exposure in this cohort was associated with a higher risk of rebound @entity1596 and @entity1103 but the other three studied @entity260 had a similar incidence in both groups.

title: Impact of XXXX exposure on late complications following @entity231 surgery: retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment', 'Retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ultrasound error in @entity1 presenting with @entity2982 with a potential for @entity2294 . METHODS: Residents and faculty from an emergency medicine training program at Level 1 @entity130 center with an active ultrasound program were asked to view digitized video clips of subxiphoid cardiac examinations in @entity1 with @entity764 . @entity1 were asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire on each video clip asking whether a @entity2294 was present. Other questions included size of effusion and presence of tamponade. The study also asked @entity1 to rate their confidence in their impressions. Data were analyzed using interquartile ranges and confidence levels. RESULTS: All @entity1 had difficulty distinguishing between epicardial fat pads and true pericardial effusions. The overall sensitivity was 73% and specificity was 44%. Confidence shown by @entity1 in their answers increased with level of training or experience, regardless of whether they were correct or incorrect. Additional views were frequently requested to help decide whether an effusion was present. CONCLUSIONS: A serious potential exists for misdiagnosing epicardial fat pads as @entity2294 in critically ill @entity130 @entity1 . Emergency physicians need to be aware of this and should consider one of two suggested alternative methods to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

title: Potential errors in the diagnosis of XXXX on @entity130 ultrasound for penetrating @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['pericardial effusion']


abstract: To investigate the effects of Shizhang Cataplasm (SC) and Xuzhang Cataplasm (XC) in treating @entity1575 caused @entity843 of @entity11163 ( @entity11163 ) type and @entity465 ( @entity465 ) type respectively. METHODS: All the 77 @entity1 (37 of @entity11163 type and 40 of @entity465 type) enrolled were treated by conventional treatment but with restrictive use of diuretics. SC and XC were given respectively to 26 @entity1 of @entity11163 type and 26 of @entity465 type additionally by umbilical sticking, they were regarded as the treated group, and those (11 of @entity11163 type and 14 of @entity465 type) not received the cataplasm treatment were regarded as the control group. The changes of symptoms, body weight, abdominal perimeter and amount of urine before and after treatment were observed, and amount of @entity843 was examined with B-ultrasound to evaluate the efficacy according to comprehensive grading criteria. Also, the @entity137 was observed. RESULTS: Sixty-two cases completed the full course, 15 were withdrawn. As compared with the corresponding control group, body weight, abdominal perimeter and amount of @entity843 decreased, while amount of urine and flatus discharging increased remarkably in the treated group (P < 0.05). The comprehensive efficacy in @entity1 of @entity11163 type was better than that in @entity465 type (P < 0.05). The effective rate of grade I/II was 7.1% and 9.1% for @entity1 in the control group of @entity465 type and @entity11163 type respectively, while it was 57.2% and 69.2% in the treated group of @entity465 and @entity11163 type respectively. Better therapeutic effect was shown in @entity1 of @entity11163 type treated with SC. CONCLUSION: SC and XC showed good assistant effects in treating @entity1 with @entity1575 caused @entity843 of @entity11163 and @entity465 type respectively.

title: [Effects of syndrome dependent umbilical sticking with shizhang cataplasm and xuzhang cataplasm in treating Cirrhosis caused XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11163 :: ('MESH:C537436', 'Disease') :: ['excessive syndrome', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['deficient syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Image analysis of DNA content was performed from single nuclei of @entity320 monolayer imprints made from fresh frozen tissue of 14 @entity1 with primary @entity320 and 16 @entity1 with local recurrences at the incision site and local or distant @entity3 . This procedure requires fewer cells and is an advantage when the quantity of @entity5 available is limited, especially in thin low Breslow depth cutaneous @entity320 . Image analysis allowed reproducible measurement of DNA ploidy from 100 cells. The frequency of @entity2007 was similar in primary and metastatic @entity320 . Three of 3 @entity1 with euploid primary @entity320 showed no evidence of recurrences or @entity3 , though one died of @entity66 with short follow-up. The 4 @entity1 with primary @entity320 who developed @entity3 had aneuploid primaries; two of these @entity1 died of metastatic disease. Three of 4 @entity1 with euploid metastatic @entity5 were free of disease at last follow-up, and 1 @entity1 died with stable disease. Nine of 12 @entity1 with @entity5 died of metastatic disease. The frequency of DNA ploidy in the present image analysis study correlated with previous flow cytometry studies. In 9 @entity1 with @entity5 with a Breslow depth greater than 0.75 mm, the DNA content was also determined in nuclei obtained from @entity406 -fixed @entity982 -embedded tissue. The frequency of @entity2007 was higher in fresh tissue (7 of 9) as compared with @entity982 -embedded tissue of the same cases (4 of 9).

title: DNA ploidy of @entity320 determined by image cytometry of fresh frozen and XXXX -embedded tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delays in seeking treatment for signs and symptoms of @entity583 are longer for African Americans than for whites. OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with prolonged delay and the extent to which perceived racism influences prehospital delay in African Americans with @entity583 . METHODS: Sixty-one African Americans with @entity583 were interviewed within 1 month of hospital admission. Delay times were calculated on the basis of the interviews. Independent t tests and chi(2) tests were used to determine factors associated with prolonged delays. RESULTS: Median delay was 4.25 hours and did not differ significantly between @entity1 and @entity1 (4.42 vs 3.50 hours). Most @entity1 (69%) experienced their initial signs and symptoms at home, often witnessed by family members or friends (70%). Delay was longer for insured @entity1 than for uninsured @entity1 (4.45 vs 0.50 hours). Single, widowed, or divorced @entity1 had longer delay times than did married @entity1 (5.33 vs 2.50 hours), and @entity1 with @entity6 delayed longer than did those without @entity6 (7.29 vs 3.50 hours). Perceived racism did not differ significantly between @entity1 who delayed seeking treatment and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Median delay times were substantially longer than the recommended time of less than 1 hour, reducing the benefit from reperfusion therapies. Education and counseling of @entity1 and their families should be a major strategy in optimizing @entity1 ' outcomes and decreasing the time to definitive treatment.

title: Factors associated with prolonged prehospital delay of African Americans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity984 mutations at codon 12 (KRM) have been detected in over 80% of tissues and pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) samples from @entity1 with @entity3123 ( @entity3123 ) and are promising genetic @entity5 markers. Aspirating PPJ not only requires technical skill, but is also exhausting for @entity1 . The authors attempted to evaluate whether the detection of KRM in the duodenal aspirate (DA) obtained immediately after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), an easier sample-collecting method than collecting PPJ, could be useful for the diagnosis of @entity189 (BTCa). METHODS: DA was collected endoscopically without secretin stimulation immediately after the ERCP procedure from 160 @entity1 : 38 @entity1 with @entity3123 , 38 with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ), 22 with BTCa, 20 with @entity1085 (AGB), 22 with @entity9975 ( @entity9975 ), and 20 control subjects. Mutant allele specific amplification (MASA), which is a highly sensitive method for detecting KRM, was performed, with the DNAs extracted from these samples by @entity3971 - @entity3636 . RESULTS: The incidence of KRM in DA by MASA was 25 (66%) of the 38 @entity3123 cases, 12 (32%) of the 38 @entity1689 cases, and 12 (55%) of the 22 BTCa cases. There was no @entity1 with positive KRM in DA among the 20 cases of AGB, 22 of @entity9975 , and 20 control subjects. The sensitivity was 62% and the specificity 88% in this study design. The KRM incidence was found to be relatively high for the @entity1 with @entity3123 and BTCa by MASA, which is a highly sensitive method, although the incidence of KRM in DA from the @entity1 with @entity3123 was not as high as the incidence in their PPJ with secretin stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: MASA showed a relatively high incidence of KRM even in the DA, which was easily obtained from the @entity1 with @entity3123 and BTCa without secretin stimulation immediately after ERCP. These results suggest that the detection of KRM in the DA by MASA is useful for the screening of both @entity3123 and BTCa.

title: XXXX mutations in duodenal aspirate without secretin stimulation for screening of pancreatic and biliary tract carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis', 'CCL']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['PCa and biliary tract carcinoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: Binding of two Mg2+ and two H+ ions influences the self-cleavage activity of the genomic @entity44013 ribozyme. The positioning of these four ligands and their thermodynamic linkage are not fully resolved. Protonated C41 engages in a base triple, whereas protonated C75 has been implicated as an acid-base catalyst in bond cleavage. Prior studies led to the identification of one structural inner-sphere ion and one catalytic outer-sphere ion. In the present study, the contributions of the C41 base triple to the metal ion- and pH-dependence of the reaction are examined. Experiments were conducted on a CG to UA @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ), which changes the base triple to one involving an unprotonated C41. Below pH 6, the @entity14485 has a steeper dependence on pH than the @entity164 ( @entity164 ), consistent with a single protonation misfolding the core; this conclusion is also supported by thermal denaturation studies. Between pH 6 and 8, the @entity164 and @entity14485 display nearly identical catalytic metal ion and H+ binding profiles. In contrast, over the same pH range, the @entity164 and @entity14485 have distinct structural ion binding profiles; for the @entity164 , binding is favored at lower pH, whereas the @entity14485 shows no pH dependence. These data localize the structural ion to the vicinity of the C41 motif. An overall model is presented that accommodates binding affinity, coupling, and positioning of the two metal ions and the two protons within the ribozyme. The data suggest that a protonated base triple allows the @entity164 ribozyme to maintain appreciable activity at acidic pH, which could play an important role in the life cycle of the virus.

title: Mechanistic characterization of the XXXX genomic ribozyme: a mutant of the C41 motif provides insight into the positioning and thermodynamic linkage of metal ions and protons.

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'double mutant']

answer: @entity44013 :: (12475,Species) :: ['HDV']