abstract: Knee meniscectomy is the most common procedure performed by orthopaedic surgeons. While it is generally believed that loss of meniscal tissue leads to @entity571 and poor knee function, many variables may significantly influence this outcome. Through literature search engines including PubMed and Ovid, 4 randomized controlled trials, 2 prospective cohorts, and 23 retrospective cohorts that fit the criteria for level I, II, and III level of evidence were included in this systematic review. For the level III evidence studies, follow-up of 5 years or more was required. Preoperative and intraoperative predictors of poor clinical or radiographic outcomes included total meniscectomy or removal of the peripheral meniscal rim, lateral meniscectomy, @entity179 , presence of @entity16 , presence of hand @entity571 suggestive of genetic predisposition, and increased body mass index. Variables that were not predictive of outcome or were inconclusive or had mixed results included @entity937 pattern, age, mechanical alignment, sex of @entity1 , activity level, and @entity937 associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. While an intact meniscus or meniscal repair was generally favorable in the ACL-reconstructed knees, meniscal repair of degenerative meniscal tissue was not favorable. There is a lack of uniformity in the literature on this subject with a preponderance of lower level evidence. Although randomized controlled trials are considered to be the gold standard in medical research, a multicenter prospective cohort design may be more appropriate in assessing the long-term outcome of meniscal surgery and the role that multiple preoperative and intraoperative variables may play in clinical outcomes. In addition, future studies should include factors not assessed or adequately evaluated by several of the included studies, such as @entity937 pattern, age, mechanical alignment, sex of the @entity1 , activity level, @entity937 associated with other injuries such as the ACL, smoking, and the effect of previous surgery.

title: A systematic review of clinical outcomes in XXXX undergoing meniscectomy.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears', 'meniscal tear']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['chondral damage']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative meniscal tears']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1223 (CO) has been recently reported as the main anti-inflammatory mediator of the @entity1446 -degrading enzyme @entity10183 ( @entity10183 ). It has been shown that either @entity10183 induction or CO treatment reduces the ability of monocytes to respond to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), due to an inhibition of the signaling pathways leading to NF-kB, MAPKs and @entity14055 activation. Thus, it has been suggested that CO impairs the stimulation of the @entity1990 / @entity14056 complex located on the surface of immune cells. However, whether CO can negatively modulate the surface expression of the @entity1990 / @entity14056 complex in immune cells remains unknown. Here we report that either @entity10183 induction or treatment with CO decreases the surface expression of @entity1990 / @entity14056 in dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils. In addition, in a @entity326 model of @entity19 intraperitoneally injected with LPS, prophylactic treatment with CO prevented animals from @entity2332 , @entity353 , mobility loss and @entity204 . Further, @entity19 pre-treated with CO and challenged with LPS showed reduced recruitment of DCs and neutrophils to peripheral blood, suggesting that this gas causes a systemic tolerance to endotoxin challenge. No differences in the amount of innate cells in lymphoid tissues were observed in CO-treated @entity19 . Our results suggest that CO treatment reduces the expression of @entity1990 / @entity14056 complex on the surface of myeloid cells, which renders them resistant to LPS priming in vitro, as well as in vivo in a model of @entity326 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity1223 down-modulates @entity1990 / XXXX expression on innate immune cells and reduces @entity326 susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock', 'septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity14056 :: (17087(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To confirm the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity3866 in combination with @entity136 and @entity416 when used as a first-line therapy in metastatic/recurrent @entity788 ( @entity788 ). METHODS: Locally advanced @entity788 was excluded. @entity3866 was given at a dose of 100 mg daily from D1 to D28. 1000 mg/m(2) of @entity136 was given on D1,8,15 and 1660 mg/m(2)/day of @entity416 was given from D1 to 21, repeated every 4 weeks. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were enrolled. Response rate and disease control rate was 32.6% (95% CI, 18.6-46.6%) and 83.7% (95% CI, 72.7-94.7%) respectively. The PFS was 6.5 months (95% CI, 3.4-9.7) and @entity3012 was 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.6-15.9). The Gr 3/4 @entity137 were: @entity1398 (6.8%), @entity882 (3.2%), @entity417 (1.6%). @entity390 (1.6%), @entity391 (1.6%), @entity448 (5.3%), @entity1910 (2.4%). The @entity470 expression was associated with shorter @entity3012 and @entity4735 expression was associated with longer PFS and @entity3012 . PFS and @entity3012 were not different according to @entity984 mutation or polymorphism of @entity4736 and @entity4737 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3866 , @entity136 and @entity416 combination showed promising efficacy and good tolerability in metastatic @entity788 . This efficacy was observed irrespective of @entity984 mutation, and @entity470 expression was poor prognostic factor for @entity3012 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity3866 in combination with @entity136 and XXXX in previously untreated metastatic/recurrent @entity788 : combined analysis with translational research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['Capecitabine', 'capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['Erlotinib']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: Spinal muscular @entity194 , @entity164 and @entity1555 belong to the most frequent @entity4094 in @entity1 . The purpose of this work was to determine the incidence of these two diseases in liveborn @entity1 in the years 1975 to 1989 in the south part of middle Slovakia. The common incidence of all three types of @entity2057 was 1 in 5631 liveborn @entity1 (most frequent was the @entity4574 , type I--1 in 12,286). This fact confirms, that this disease belongs to the most frequent @entity74 in @entity1 of our region too. The incidence of @entity1555 was 1 in 4827 liveborn @entity1 . The figure is in the range of the published data of the incidence of this disease. The deletion in the dystrofin gene was proved in 70% of affected @entity1 . (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 24).

title: [Incidence of XXXX and @entity1555 in the juvenile population of central Slovakia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive diseases']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: One conservative treatment for trapeziometacarpal joint @entity625 is the delivery of @entity230 transdermally. In prior transdermal studies on the elbow and foot, there are mixed reports of success. It appears that the benefits of the treatment might be limited to short-term relief (approximately one week). It was hypothesized that transdermal @entity134 delivery would yield short-term improvements for trapezial-metacarpal joint @entity625 , although these improvements would not persist at later follow-up (3 or 6 months). METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive trapeziometacarpal joints in 62 @entity1 presenting to an orthopedic hand surgeon were randomized to receive either @entity134 delivery by iontophoresis or phonophoresis or placebo delivery via iontophoresis or phonophoresis. The researchers and @entity1 were blinded as to the treatment assignment. @entity1 were evaluated before treatment and at 3 follow-up appointments. Subjects were assessed via the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, Short Form 12, analog @entity158 score, and provocative and strength testing. The subjects' study group, gender, and arthritic grade were statistically analyzed versus @entity1 -reported and physician-assessed data over the different time points. Following subject recruitment, 17 joints discontinued the study due to joint discomfort, electing for other treatments. Approximately half of the 67 subject joints opted for alternative treatment after the first or second follow-up; 34 subject joints completed all follow-up time points. RESULTS: There was no significant predictive relationship between the independent variables and their ability to predict the 9 dependent measures of @entity158 , strength, and well-being. There were trends for the @entity158 to decrease over time, although the trends were not uniform between the different @entity158 metrics and groups. The strength for both iontophoresis groups tended to increase over time, whereas the phonophoresis groups tended to decline. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were some trends in the follow-up data, the overall lack of significant differences in the data suggests that transdermal @entity134 delivery might not be helpful in providing short- or long-term relief of arthritic symptoms. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: Evaluation of transdermal steroids for trapeziometacarpal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: The cardioprotective actions of @entity11971 , a novel @entity462 -containing @entity842 (NO) donor, were investigated in two models of @entity741 -reperfusion (MI-R) injury. In the first study, @entity235 were subjected to 60 min of left anterior descending (LAD) @entity1563 followed by 270 min of reperfusion. During reperfusion, animals were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary @entity11971 (500 nM) or the NO-deficient analogue of @entity11971 , @entity11972 (500 nM). Transmural myocardial blood flow to the ischemic zone was not different between the @entity11971 group of @entity235 and the @entity11972 group (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.03 +/- 0.01 ml/min/g, respectively). Similarly, the area of left ventricular myocardium placed at risk by @entity1563 was equivalent in @entity235 receiving @entity11971 (33.6 +/- 3%) and @entity11972 (30.4 +/- 2%). However, the @entity39 area, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was reduced by 70% in the @entity11971 -treated @entity235 (14.5 +/- 4 vs. 47.5 +/- 9%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, cardiac myeloperoxidase activity indicated that fewer neutrophils accumulated in the @entity39 zone of the @entity11971 -treated @entity235 . In the second study, @entity235 were subjected to 30 min of global @entity741 followed by 1 h of @entity1167 and 1 h of reperfusion. @entity11971 (10 microM) added to the @entity1503 solution resulted in a 95 +/- 14% post-ischemic recovery of contractile function compared with 36 +/- 8% (p < 0.05) in vehicle-treated @entity235 . Additionally, @entity11971 treatment completely preserved coronary arterial vasorelaxation to @entity934 after @entity63 and reperfusion and resulted in a 62% reduction in cardiac tissue myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05). We conclude that (a) @entity11971 exerts significant cardioprotection from MI-R injury after regional or global @entity63 , and (b) this cardioprotection appears to be related to the inhibition of neutrophil-mediated injury.

title: Endothelial and myocardial cell protection by a XXXX -containing @entity842 donor after @entity741 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion', 'LAD coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: @entity299 is commonly associated with virtually every form of @entity3986 and @entity121 . A double-blind and open crossover trial on the oral administration of @entity7447 ( @entity7447 ) to 12 @entity1 with progressive @entity3986 and neurogenic @entity194 was conducted. These diseases included the @entity1555 , @entity3918 , @entity5108 , and @entity66 . The impaired cardiac function was noninvasively and extensively monitored by impedance cardiography. Solely by significant change or no change in @entity64 volume and cardiac output, all 8 @entity1 on blind @entity7447 and all 4 on blind placebo were correctly assigned (P less than 0.003). After the limited 3-month trial, improved physical well-being was observed for 4/8 treated @entity1 and for 0/4 placebo @entity1 ; of the latter, 3/4 improved on @entity7447 ; 2/8 @entity1 resigned before crossover; 5/6 on @entity7447 in crossover maintained improved cardiac function; 1/6 crossed over from @entity7447 to placebo relapsed. The rationale of this trial was based on known @entity3055 , which involve respiratory enzymes, the known presence of @entity7447 in respiration, and prior clinical data on @entity7447 and @entity3986 . These results indicate that the @entity296 of such @entity1 with @entity121 may have some association with @entity121 , both of which may be improved by @entity7447 therapy. The cardiac improvement was definitely positive. The improvement in well-being was subjective, but probably real. Likely, @entity7447 does not alter genetic defects but can benefit the sequelae of mitochondrial impairment from such defects. @entity7447 is the only known substance that offers a safe and improved quality of life for such @entity1 having @entity121 , and it is based on intrinsic bioenergetics.

title: Biochemical rationale and the cardiac response of @entity1 with XXXX to therapy with coenzyme Q10.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Welander disease']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']

entities_list: @entity3055 :: ('MESH:D017240', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial myopathies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'dystrophy', 'muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne, Becker, and limb-girdle dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophies']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular disease', 'muscle disease', 'myopathy', 'impaired function of skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The tall cell variant ( @entity12540 ) of @entity3557 is reported to have a poor prognosis. This study examines the incidence and end result of surgical treatment of @entity12540 . METHODS: In this study, 240 @entity259 treated over a 23-year period at two hospital centers are reviewed. A total of 153 @entity1 with @entity5 were available for follow-up. All microscopic slides were re-examined. RESULTS: Of the total 183 @entity5 , 19 (10.4%) were @entity12540 . The remainder were usual papillary or other @entity5 variants. @entity1 age, @entity5 size, lymph node and soft-tissue involvement, recurrence, and @entity204 rates were evaluated. Multivariate statistical analysis disclosed that @entity12540 histology, as well as age and @entity5 size, were significant predictors of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Despite a high rate of recurrence in @entity12540 cases over age 50 (6/9), there were no recurrent TCVs in cases under age 50 (0/8). Pathologists and surgeons must develop an increased awareness of this entity and implications for more radical treatment in the older age group.

title: Tall cell XXXX : incidence and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary cancers', 'papillary cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study, the maturational changes of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in preterm @entity1 without @entity16 and especially the influence of the duration of extrauterine life, over this process. METHODS: 96 preterm @entity1 , 25-34weeks' gestational age (GA) at birth, clinically stable and without ultrasonographic evidence of @entity16 , were studied. The aEEG recordings were obtained within 72 h of life and then weekly until discharge. Four aspects of each tracing (continuity, sleep-wake cycling, bandwidth, and lower border), were evaluated by visual analysis, applying pre-established criteria. RESULTS: We analysed 624 aEEG recordings at postmenstrual age ( @entity4515 ) of 25-42weeks. With advanced GA the aEEG becomes more continuous (p: 0.022), it displays definite sleep-wake cycles (p: 0.011), and its bandwidth acquires the mature pattern (p: 0.012). A positive significant interaction of GA and @entity4515 in the evolution of aEEG was found regarding continuity (p: 0.002), sleep-wake cycling (p: 0.002), and bandwidth (p: 0.02). CONCLUSION: The evolution of the aEEG tracing depends on both GA and @entity4515 . The older the @entity1 at birth the more mature the aEEG pattern. At the same @entity4515 , preterm @entity1 of lower GA display an advanced maturation of the aEEG comparing with others of higher GA.

title: The influence of extrauterine life on the aEEG maturation in normal preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities', 'neurological disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown antifibrotic effects of @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ) inhibitors as well as of @entity19729 ( @entity19729 ) antagonists, however, prospective trials with clinical end points comparing these effects do not exist. @entity23928 -/- @entity19 develop a non-hypertensive @entity8 . We used this animal model to compare the potential of @entity14206 inhibitor vs @entity19729 antagonist to prevent @entity8 irrespective of blood pressure-dependent involvement by the renin system. METHODS: @entity23928 -/- @entity19 were treated with placebo, @entity3372 or @entity1564 . Blood pressure, @entity644 , serum @entity1133 and lifespan were monitored. Renal matrix was characterized by immuno-histochemistry, light and electron microscopy. Further biochemical analysis was provided using cDNA microarray and western blot techniques. RESULTS: Untreated @entity19 died of @entity177 after 71+/-6 days. @entity3372 and @entity1564 both delayed onset and reduced the extent of @entity644 . Both had minor effects on blood pressure and postponed onset of uraemia. @entity3372 increased lifespan by 111% to 150+/-21 days (P<0.01), whereas @entity1564 resulted in only a 38% prolongation to 98+/-16 days (P<0.01). @entity3372 reduced glomerular and tubulo-interstitial @entity82 and numbers of activated fibroblasts to a greater extent than @entity1564 . Microarray and western blot analysis revealed a higher antifibrotic potential of @entity3372 in terms of downregulation of @entity641 , connective tissue growth factor, metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an antifibrotic, nephroprotective effect of @entity14206 inhibitors and @entity19729 antagonists in an animal model of @entity8 . The greater antifibrotic effect of @entity3372 at the maximal therapeutic doses employed may not be explained by different antiproteinuric or blood pressure lowering properties, but by-in contrast to @entity1564 -its ability to hinder the proinflammatory, profibrotic activation of the angiotensin receptor 2.

title: Antifibrotic, nephroprotective potential of XXXX inhibitor vs @entity19729 antagonist in a @entity19 model of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['progressive renal fibrosis', 'renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

answer: @entity14206 :: (11421(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of capsule endoscopy in the setting of @entity29 type unclassified (IBDU) and @entity1960 ( @entity1960 ) remains obscure. The aim was to evaluate the clinical impact of capsule endoscopy on IBDU/ @entity1960 @entity1 with negative serology. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with long-standing IBDU (n = 14) and @entity1960 (n = 4) were enrolled to undergo a capsule endoscopy and then followed prospectively. Lesions considered diagnostic of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) were 4 or more @entity2681 / @entity1066 and/or a stricture. The median follow-up time after capsule endoscopy was 32    11 months (23-54 months). RESULTS: Total enteroscopy was possible in all @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 the examination was normal (Group 1). In 9 @entity1 subtle findings were observed (Group 2): focal villi denudation (n = 1) and fewer than 4 @entity2681 / @entity1066 (n = 8). In 7 @entity1 , 4 or more @entity2681 / @entity1066 were detected (Group 3), leading to a diagnosis of @entity30 . However, their treatment was not reassessed on the basis of the capsule findings. Until now, a definitive diagnosis has been achieved in 2 additional @entity1 : 1 from Group 1 ( @entity31 ) and another @entity1 from Group 2 ( @entity30 ), who began infliximab infusions. Nine @entity1 remained indeterminate at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although capsule endoscopy enabled the diagnosis of @entity30 in 7 @entity1 , in none of them was the clinical management changed. Moreover, a change in therapy due to a diagnosis of @entity30 was made for only 1 @entity1 , who presented nonspecific findings. Our results suggest that capsule findings are not helpful in the work-up of these @entity1 .

title: Capsule endoscopy in XXXX type unclassified and @entity1960 serologically negative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'indeterminate colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: An attempt was made to classify 326 @entity1 with @entity1378 due to @entity2743 and due to @entity5651 in an area of endemic @entity1496 deficient @entity5651 using the following two sets of criteria: Primary criteria: the presence of @entity4903 ( @entity2743 ) and the @entity4903 and the absence of microsomal antibodies greater than or equal to 1:1600 ( @entity5651 ). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity1 could be divided in the two groups with the aid of these criteria. Secondary criteria: age greater than 50 years, presence of a @entity5651 , presence of thyroid nodules, activity distribution in the scan, @entity1496 intake determined by @entity1496 excretion in the urine. These criteria had to be applied in the 31% of the @entity1 who could not be divided into one of the two groups using the primary criteria. The secondary criteria were accumulative. Using these criteria 55% of the 326 @entity1 were classified as having @entity2743 and 45% as having @entity5651 . The probability of correct grouping when both primary and secondary criteria were applied was estimated to be 90% compared to 54% when we used only the classical terms, i.e. @entity4903 and @entity5651 without @entity4903 on the other hand. In a second group of 120 @entity1378 @entity1 classified in this way, thyrotropin displacing activity was determined independently. Its prevalence was 79% in @entity1 classified as having @entity2743 but only 3% in those classified as having @entity5651 . The prevalence of TDA observed in @entity1 who presumably had @entity5651 was in the same range as in the following groups: 45 normal individuals; 126 @entity1 with @entity7402 ; and in 112 @entity1 with euthyroid and @entity1378 autonomous @entity652 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1378 due to @entity2743 and due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7402 :: ('MESH:C562732', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid goiter']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous goiter', 'goiter', 'diffuse goiter on the one hand and multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['absence of endocrine ophthalmopathy', 'endocrine ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity5651 :: (MESH:D006042,Disease) :: ['autonomous goiter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New York City residents were exposed to a variety of inhaled substances after the collapse of the World Trade Center. Exposure to these substances might lead to an increase in @entity565 severity, with residential distance from Ground Zero predictive of the degree of change. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the effect of the World Trade Center collapse on local pediatric @entity748 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 205 pediatric @entity1 with established @entity565 from a clinic in lower Manhattan's Chinatown. Clinical data were obtained for the year before and the year after September 11, 2001. Measurements included numbers of visits, @entity565 medication prescriptions, oral corticosteroid prescriptions, weekly doses of rescue inhaler, and peak expiratory flow rates. Residential zip codes were used to compare the @entity565 severity of @entity1 living within and beyond a 5-mile radius of Ground Zero. RESULTS: After September 11, 2001, these @entity1 had more @entity565 -related clinic visits (P = .002) and received more prescriptions for @entity565 medications (P = .018). No significant differences in oral @entity134 or rescue inhaler use were noted. Those living within 5 miles had more clinic visits after September 11, 2001 (P = .013); the increase in clinic visits for @entity1 living more than 5 miles from Ground Zero was not significant. Mean percent predicted peak expiratory flow rates decreased solely for those @entity1 living within 5 miles of Ground Zero during the 3 months after September 11, 2001. CONCLUSIONS: @entity565 severity worsened after September 11, 2001, in pediatric @entity748 @entity1 living near Ground Zero. Residential proximity to Ground Zero was predictive of the degree of decrease in @entity565 health.

title: Clinical deterioration in pediatric @entity748 XXXX after September 11, 2001.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The object of this study was to determine the electrophysiological effects of @entity24876 ( @entity24877 ) in @entity1 . The electrophysiological parameters were measured in 12 @entity1 before and after intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg of @entity24877 in 15 minutes. The mean plasma concentrations obtained varied from 2.4 +/- 1.1 mg/l at the 20th minute to 0.9 +/- 0.3 mg/l at the 60th minute. In these concentrations, @entity24877 did not cause @entity551 or affect the heart rate and nodal conduction. It did, however, prolong infra-hisian and intraventricular conduction and ventricular repolarisation from the 20th to the 60th minute after starting the infusion. The peak effect was observed at the 20th minute (+19 +/- 3.4 ms; +14.6 +/- 3.5 ms; and +44.5 +/- 6.6 ms, respectively). The @entity24877 increased the effective atrial and ventricular refractory periods at the 30th minute (+21.8 +/- 5.5 ms and +22.3 +/- 7 ms, respectively). However, the ventricular effect only was discernable at the 60th minute. These effects are quantitatively comparable to those of @entity5126 . Extrapolation of these results to the effects of chronic oral treatment should be reserved as the therapeutic zone of this new molecule has not yet been determined.

title: [Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous XXXX (LNC-834) in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity24876 :: ('MESH:C042206', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-dihydroquinidine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity24876 :: (MESH:C042206,Chemical) :: ['3-hydroxy-dihydroquinidine']


abstract: We report on a macrosomic newborn @entity1 with @entity4068 , a @entity20781 at the right temporo-occipital region, and @entity2479 . @entity2319 was confirmed by brainstem auditory-evoked potentials. In addition, the @entity1 had a severe defect of intestinal innervation. Biopsy showed @entity1963 of the large intestine, and total absence of neurocytes and nerve fibers in the small intestine, indicating a total lack of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. The @entity1 died of @entity1944 at 5 weeks. She was the 14th @entity1 of consanguineous Kurdish parents. Four sibs of our @entity1 had the same syndrome and died a few days after birth. The other 9 sibs are well, with an unremarkable phenotype. A syndrome of @entity4068 , @entity20781 , @entity2319 , and a total lack of intestinal neural innervation has not yet been reported. It represents a new @entity6648 with @entity74 .

title: XXXX with @entity4068 , @entity20781 , cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut, and @entity2319 : ABCD syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['aganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'Bilateral deafness']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-recessive inheritance']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Autosomal-recessive neural crest syndrome']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity1 with repeated implantation failure ( @entity177 ) represent a subgroup of couples who suffer from @entity249 . @entity1 blastocysts utilize @entity1196 to initiate implantation by binding to endometrial ligands composed of @entity12687 moieties on the surface glycoproteins. The absence of these ligands could lead to @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in some of these couples. METHODS: Twenty fertile @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with @entity177 were tested for the presence of the @entity1196 ligands by immunohistochemistry. Endometrial biopsies were obtained on the sixth day post ovulation. After fixation, they were dated according to Noyes. Immunolocalization was performed using the @entity12688 antibody which is directed against ligands of @entity1196 . RESULTS: The fertile group all showed the presence of the @entity1196 ligand. Of those with @entity177 , five were negative for the ligand and never, despite an average of five successive embryo transfers, became pregnant. Fifteen @entity177 @entity1 were positive for the @entity1196 ligand, of whom ten subsequently conceived. As a screening test for @entity177 @entity1 who lack the ligand, the predictive value was 100% with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value is 87%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1196 and its ligands play a vital role for early @entity1 implantation. Screening for the absence of the ligand may help many @entity1 with @entity177 to avoid undergoing repeated failed treatment cycles.

title: Expression of @entity1196 ligand @entity12688 as a predictive marker of XXXX uterine receptivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity12687 :: ('CHEBI:50699', 'Chemical') :: ['oligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent implantation failure', 'RIF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The histologic evolution of @entity3610 in the @entity2691 -treated @entity35 coincides with the development of a unique plasma pattern of luteinizing hormone. To assess the role of luteinizing hormone in @entity3610 , it is necessary to evaluate the luteinizing hormone sensitivity of the specific tissues in the @entity8767 ovary. Therefore, we examined the pattern of luteinizing hormone binding sites in @entity3610 . @entity35 at 4 or 8 weeks after @entity2691 treatment each received an intrajugular injection of @entity1496 125-labeled @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. Some @entity35 also received a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin in the same injection. Ovaries were prepared for autoradiography. Dense accumulations of grains occurred over the theca of normal and atretic secondary follicles in all ovaries and over clusters of secondary interstitial cells. The @entity1496 label was variable over the typically hypertrophied theca of precystic follicles. The theca of @entity45 showed little or no label. These results indicate that cyst formation coincides with the loss of luteinizing hormone/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin binding to the affected follicles.

title: Pattern of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin binding in the XXXX ovary.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovaries']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['definitive cysts']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic']

answer: @entity8767 :: (MESH:D007690,Disease) :: ['polycystic']


abstract: A total of 95 @entity1 with stage Ta/T1 superficial @entity150 was eligible for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunoprophylaxis according to the standard high risk criteria for @entity5 recurrence and progression. Of these @entity1 50 agreed to undergo treatment while the remaining 45 refused any intravesical therapy and served as concurrent nonrandomized controls. The @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics in the 2 groups of @entity1 were identical. All @entity1 underwent complete transurethral resection of the @entity150 . Therapy consisted of 120 mg. weekly instillations of BCG (Danish 1331 strain) for 6 weeks. Among the 50 @entity1 33 received BCG initially while 17 received it after failure of intravesical chemotherapy. Responses were evaluated according to standard criteria. Recurrence was noted in 24 @entity1 (48%) in the BCG group compared to 38 (84.4%) in the control group. The recurrence rates per year and per 100 @entity1 -months were significantly reduced in the BCG arm compared to the control arm. The mean interval to first recurrence and the mean recurrence interval were significantly increased in the BCG arm compared to the control arm. The relative risk of recurrence in the BCG group was 0.62 versus 1.63 in the control group. Subgroup analysis showed significant benefit of BCG for @entity1 with single as well as multiple, stages Ta and T1, and @entity5 . Comparison with pretreatment controls in the BCG group revealed a significant reduction in the recurrence rate in those @entity1 after treatment with @entity8153 , which was not seen in the control group. The benefit of BCG was seen in those who received BCG initially as well as in those who received it after failure of intravesical chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that this benefit in the BCG group was related only to the treatment, while other prognostic parameters, such as @entity5 stage, grade, number and so forth were not independent prognostic variables. The rate of progression to muscle invasion was not significantly different in the 2 treatment groups. The relapse-free survival in the BCG group was 35.4% at 60 months compared to 11.2% in the control group (p < 0.001). The side effects of BCG therapy were mild, brief and easily controlled with conservative measures.

title: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial XXXX : experience with Danish 1331 strain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grades II and III tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Controversial data on ESWT (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy) for the treatment of @entity545 are controversial. This study was performed to access the efficacy, reliability and the side-effects of the ESWT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2000 to 2004, 157 @entity1 with an average age of 58 years and with @entity545 were enrolled for a conservative treatment. All 150 eligible @entity1 were treated with ESWT, using Dornier Compact Delta II UIMS lithotripter. The median number of treatments per @entity1 was 3.5 with the delivery of 2000 shock waves (SW) for each treatment. There was no use of anaesthesia and analgesy. An ultrasound study was made for each @entity1 before treatment. We considered: plaque size, penis curvature, @entity158 , @entity2003 and tumescence, sexual intercourse ability and side-effects. Median follow-up of the study was 36.9 months. RESULTS: Average duration of the treatment was 20 minutes without relevant side-effects. With reference to the curvature, we obtained a significative reduction in 33.3% of the @entity1 , whereas the plaque size was not statistically reduced. Regarding the @entity158 issue we achieved good results with a reduction in more than 90% of the @entity1 and a complete relief in 6%. The quality of the intercourse was reported slightly enhanced. No significant difference was observed in penis tumescence and @entity2003 . CONCLUSIONS: ESWT is a non-invasive treatment for the @entity545 . Our study confirms that the best results are obtained regarding @entity158 and less with the curvature. For the plaque size and quality of sexual intercourse the results are not satisfactory.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['penis rigidity', 'rigidity']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: For effective treatment of @entity1694 , it is as important to arrest the progression of the disease, as it is to induce repigmentation. Epidermal oxidative stress has been documented in @entity1694 @entity1 , and there is much support for a free-radical-mediated damage as an initial pathogenic event in melanocyte @entity528 . @entity1214 possesses a wide repertoire of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and free-radical scavenging actions in addition to their well-characterized antimicrobial effects. Recently, it has been shown that @entity1214 can rescue melanocytes from oxidative stress in vitro. @entity1214 100 mg was tried in this study to elucidate its role in arresting disease activity. Thirty-two @entity1 with gradually progressive (slow spreading) @entity1694 were enrolled in this study. The @entity1 were advised to take @entity1214 100 mg once daily. In 29 @entity1 , the progression of the disease was arrested, and only three @entity1 showed development of new lesions and/or enlargement of existing lesions. Ten @entity1 showed @entity1167 after 4 weeks of treatment. Thus, @entity1214 offers a unique and potentially powerful approach to the management of arresting the activity of the disease. The present study showed the effectiveness of @entity1214 in the treatment of @entity1694 . Further controlled studies should be undertaken to confirm its efficacy.

title: Oral XXXX in the treatment of @entity1694 --a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['arrest of further depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration in vitiligo']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['minocycline']


abstract: Arterial @entity101 often leads to diseases of kidneys, vessels and brain. Besides these end organ damages the changes of the heart are of important role. Substantial consequences of @entity101 are @entity455 , @entity82 and @entity4346 . Hence, as an early stage @entity67 results. Due to longer persistent @entity101 also @entity299 develops. Clinically, @entity1 suffer from @entity951 , dyspnoea and @entity943 (i.e. @entity943 , @entity955 ). The @entity4346 also is associated with an increased risk of @entity943 . The risk of @entity1164 is raised as well, in particular in @entity1 with dilated heart and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Well controlled antihypertensive therapy could lead to a regression of @entity4346 . Hence, disorders and prognosis of the @entity1 could be improved.

title: [ XXXX and heart].

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'malignant ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: The pathologic findings in 1,390 consecutive @entity1 who had bone marrow examinations at Nashville Veterans Administration Hospital from 1977 through 1979 were reviewed. Seventy-three @entity1 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for a @entity18782 ( @entity18782 ) and 11 @entity1 with @entity18782 had, on marrow particle preparations: (1) at least three @entity706 and (2) suitable material available for immunoperoxidase studies with monoclonal antibodies @entity5855 (CD45RO, pan T cell) and @entity16601 ( @entity2225 , pan B cell). Staining with @entity5855 was difficult to interpret due to high background positivity in myeloid elements. With @entity16601 , three distinct patterns of lymphocyte marking were identified within aggregates: (1) homogeneous--uniform marking of almost all lymphocytes; (2) mixed--even distribution of marking and nonmarking lymphocytes; (3) and focal homogeneous--collections of uniformly marking lymphocytes either surrounding or surrounded by nonmarking lymphocytes. A homogeneous marking pattern was the predominant pattern in 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%) with @entity18782 . Only 6 of 73 @entity1 without overt @entity18782 marked in a homogeneous pattern, and these were always associated with aggregates with other staining patterns. All @entity1 with apparently non-neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates had mixed (67 of 73) or focal homogeneous (32 of 73) patterns of aggregate marking, whereas only 5 of 11 @entity1 (45%) with extramarrow @entity18782 had aggregates with these patterns. The size and number of aggregates with a homogeneous marking pattern further helped discriminate between the @entity1 with @entity18782 and those with apparently non-neoplastic @entity706 . These findings suggest that a homogeneous pattern of lymphoid aggregate staining with @entity16601 is more common in @entity1 with @entity18782 than in those @entity1 with @entity706 and no evidence of @entity5 . Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining with @entity16601 may be a helpful adjunct to histopathologic examination in evaluating marrow @entity706 .

title: Differentiation of reactive from neoplastic small-cell XXXX in paraffin-embedded marrow particle preparations using @entity16601 ( @entity2225 ) and @entity5855 (CD45RO) monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity18782 :: ('MESH:D018228', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lymphoid neoplasm', 'SCLN']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid aggregates']


abstract: Although a mixture composed of 30 microM stannous @entity2865 ( @entity18360 ) and 75 microM @entity5272 (TA) facilitates neuromuscular transmission in the frog, the mixture had no effect on the endplate potential (e.p.p.) in the @entity35 . The present study has been undertaken to determine whether the responses of the @entity19 ( @entity1 ) to @entity18360 are different from those of the frog (amphibian). The mixture had no effect on the resting potential or the membrane resistance of the muscle fiber. The mixture did not change the e.p.p. amplitude, but TA (75 microM) significantly decreased it. The mixture increased the quantal content of the e.p.p., but TA decreased it. The mixture raised the frequency of the miniature endplate potential (m.e.p.p.) in the high @entity972 -medium. In normal saline, both the mixture and TA decreased both the m.e.p.p. frequency and its amplitude. These results suggest that @entity18360 itself facilitates the transmitter release from nerve terminals in the @entity1 as well as in the amphibian species.

title: Facilitation of transmitter release from XXXX motor nerve terminals by stannous @entity2865 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartaric acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The authors analyse their own 10-year clinical material (1 August 1987-31 July 1997). In the course of this period they operated on 40 @entity1 for the @entity99 . The indications were persisting @entity548 , multiple @entity130 of organs in the abdominal cavity, simultaneous @entity130 of diaphragm and gunshot wounds of abdomen. Injuries were classsified according to AAST, the range of @entity99 . The treatment of liver was determined by the extent of the injury. In their surgical strategy the authors prefer suture of hepar by collagenous stripes (Parenchymaset, Braun) with sufficient drainage, but they also used resection or packing in dilaceration @entity130 . @entity1 with @entity99 vena cava died in the course of resuscitation surgery despite the introduction of en-docaval shunt. The authors accept selective non-surgical treatment of hemodynamically stabilised @entity1 which has been developed thanks to modern visualisation methods. However, such treatment implies a risk of delayed management of significant associated @entity130 . The fate of patienst is also limited by the extent and seriousness of associated @entity130 . Key words: @entity99 , surgical and non-surgical treatment.

title: [Topical issue of the XXXX .].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injuries of hepatic veins and retrohepatic inferior', 'injury of liver', 'organ injury - liver', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['injury of liver']


abstract: To clarify the contribution of @entity14114 and NK activities to host immune response against @entity5 , the characteristics of cells mediating these activities were examined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal volunteers, and the changes of these activities were also evaluated in @entity1 with @entity2 and metastatic @entity2 before and after chemotherapy. @entity14115 cells derived from small cell @entity2 and K-562 cells derived from @entity6007 were used as target cells of @entity14114 and/or NK assay. @entity14114 and NK activities were not changed according to age, sex, and blood type. Mild and marked personal difference were observed in @entity14114 and NK activity, respectively. These activities were also influenced by environment. @entity14114 and NK activities of normal adult volunteers were diversely correlated at the coefficient of gamma-0.426. NK activities were high against K-562 and CCRF-CEM cells, and low against BALL and @entity14115 cells. NK activity against K-562 cells was strongly inhibited by K-562 or CCRF-CEM cells with high NK sensitivity, on the other hand, it was slightly inhibited by @entity14115 and BALL cells with low NK sensitivity. NK activity against @entity14115 cells was strongly inhibited by @entity14115 , K-562 and CCRF-CEM cells, but not inhibited by BALL cells. The effector cells mediating NK activity were identified as non-adherent, E-receptor-positive, Fc-receptor-positive small lymphocytes. NK activity was not decreased before chemotherapy in @entity1 with stage III @entity2 and metastatic @entity2 . It was decreased only in @entity1 of bad performance status, and it was significantly decreased in all @entity1 after chemotherapy. @entity14114 also exhibited the tendency to decrease after chemotherapy in tumor-bearing @entity1 . The recovery of NK-activity after chemotherapy well correlated with the effect of chemotherapy.

title: Analysis of natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in healthy volunteers and in @entity1 with @entity2 and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer', 'pulmonary tumors', 'carcinoma of the lung', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity8432 often requires surgery, and the current methods for fixation pose some risk to vascular and neurological tissues. Thus, new effective and safer methods are needed for salvage operations. This study sought to assess unilateral @entity6746 posterior arch screws (PASs) and @entity3627 laminar screws (LSs) combined with 1-side C1-2 pedicle screws (PSs) for posterior C1-2 fixation using biomechanical testing with bilateral C1-2 PSs in a cadaveric model. METHODS Six fresh ligamentous @entity1 cervical spines were evaluated for their biomechanics. The cadaveric specimens were tested in their intact condition, stabilization after injury, and after injury at 1.5 Nm of pure moment in 6 directions. The 3 groups tested were bilateral C1-2 PSs (Group A); left side C1-2 PSs with an ipsilateral @entity6746 PAS + @entity3627 laminar screw (Group B); and left side C1-2 PSs with a contralateral @entity6746 PAS + @entity3627 @entity8433 (Group C). During the testing, angular motion was measured using a motion capture platform. Data were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Biomechanical testing showed that there was no significant difference among the stabilities of these fixation systems in flexion-extension and rotation control. In left lateral bending, the bilateral C1-2 PS group decreased flexibility by 71.9% compared with the intact condition, the unilateral C1-2 PS and ipsilateral PAS+ @entity8433 group decreased flexibility by 77.6%, and the unilateral C1-2 PS and contralateral PAS+ @entity8433 group by 70.0%. Each method significantly decreased C1-2 movements in right lateral bending compared with the intact condition, and the bilateral C1-2 PS system was more stable than the C1-2 PS and contralateral PAS+ @entity8433 system (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS A unilateral @entity6746 PAS + @entity3627 @entity8433 combined with 1-side @entity6746 PSs provided the same acute stability as the PS, and no statistically significant difference in acute stability was found between the 2 screw techniques. These methods may constitute an alternative method for posterior atlantoaxial fixation.

title: Unilateral @entity6746 posterior arch screws and XXXX laminar screws combined with a 1-side C1-2 pedicle screw system as salvage fixation for @entity8432 .

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['Atlantoaxial instability']

answer: @entity3627 :: (717,Gene) :: ['C-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of glycoprotein IIIa gene polymorphisms (PIA2) has been reported to be elevated in @entity1 who die of @entity944 . PIA2 has been suggested as contributing to the development of @entity731 via coronary plaque rupture and @entity715 formation. In this prospective study, we investigated the correlation between the PIA2 polymorphism, @entity731 burden, and its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 (mean age 51 +/- 9.6 years) suspected to have @entity731 @entity453 underwent a coronary angiography and were evaluated for gene polymorphisms. @entity1 were followed up for 4 years for major adverse @entity299 (MACE). Thirty-eight @entity1 (21%) had the PIA2 polymorphism.There was no statistically significant correlation between presence of @entity731 burden, severity of @entity3979 , and glycoprotein genotype. During the follow-up there were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to MACE. Any cause of @entity204 and @entity65 were higher in @entity1 with PIA2 polymorphism but these differences were not significant. On univariate analysis, smoking, presence of severe @entity453 , and presence of @entity583 were correlated with elevated risk of MACE; presence of @entity951 was correlated with fewer MACE. On multivariate analysis, smoking was an independent risk factor for a MACE. On univariate or multivariate analysis, there was no relation between the PIA2 polymorphism and a MACE. CONCLUSIONS: The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa genotype was not shown to indicate the presence of @entity731 . There was no correlation between the genotype and plaque vulnerability.

title: Glycoprotein IIIa gene polymorphism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['atypical angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The canonical view of the origin of @entity5 is that they usually originate from lymphovascular invasion as part of a multistep metastatic process. Recent experimental evidence has suggested that @entity3 can occur earlier than previously thought and we found evidence that @entity5 emboli formation can result from the short-circuiting step of encircling lymphovasculogenesis. Experimentally, we used a xenograft of @entity1 @entity0 (MARY-X), a model that exhibited @entity5 , to generate tumoral spheroids in vitro. In observational studies, we chose @entity1 @entity0 cases where there appeared to be a possible transition of in situ @entity189 without intervening stromal invasion. These cases were studied by morphometry as well as IHC with @entity5 proliferation (Ki-67) and adhesion ( @entity5962 ) markers, myoepithelial ( @entity4206 ), as well as endothelial (podoplanin [D2-40], @entity2279 , @entity7802 , @entity18262 ) markers. Unlabelled spheroids coinjected with either GFP or RFP- @entity1 myoepithelial cells or @entity19 embryonal fibroblasts (MEFs) gave rise to @entity5 which exhibited GFP/RFP immunoreactivity within the cells lining the emboli-containing lymphovascular channels. In vitro studies demonstrated that the tumoral spheroids induced endothelial differentiation of cocultured myoepithelial cells and MEFs, measured by real time PCR and immunofluorescence. In @entity1 , the in situ clusters exhibited similar proliferation, @entity5962 immunoreactivity and size as the @entity5 emboli (p =.5), suggesting the possibility that the latter originated from the former. The in situclusters exhibited a loss (50%-100%) of @entity4206 myoepithelial immunoreactivity but not @entity5962 epithelial immunoreactivity. The @entity5 emboli were mainly present within lymphatic channels whose dual @entity4206 / @entity2279 , @entity4206 /D2-40 and @entity4206 / @entity7802 and overall weak patterns of D2-40/ @entity2279 / @entity7802 immunoreactivities suggested that they represented immature and newly created vasculature derived from originally myoepithelial-lined ducts. Collectively both experimental as well as observational studies suggested the possibility that these @entity0 resulted from encircling lymphovasculogenesis rather than conventional lymphovascular invasion.

title: XXXX can result from encircling lymphovasculogenesis rather than lymphovascular invasion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer emboli', 'inflammatory breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'florid tumor emboli', 'tumor lymphovascular emboli', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma to lymphovascular emboli']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast carcinomatous tumoral emboli']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the behavior of a new and smaller model of infrared thermometer cone and to assess whether it is an appropriate alternative to determine fever in @entity1 under 14-years-old. METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study comparing the temperatures taken with a @entity349 thermometer with those taken by an infrared thermometer in @entity1 under 14-years-old. The researchers followed the manufacturer's instructions for use for each thermometer. The overall sample of 400 @entity1 was divided into two age groups. Group I consisted of @entity1 aged less than 2 years and group II of 2-14-years-old. In group I the rectal @entity349 thermometer was placed in the rectum for 3 minutes and the tympanic thermometer was used in rectal mode and placed in the right ear. In group II, the axillary @entity349 thermometer was placed for 8 minutes in the right axilla and the tympanic thermometer was used in the axillary mode. To analyze intraobserver bias, 50 @entity1 were selected from the sample and their temperatures were simultaneously taken by two nurses from the team. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used both to measure the reliability of the tympanic thermometer and to analyze intraobserver bias. RESULTS: Temperature measurements with both instruments showed an ICC of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.94) for group I and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92) for group II. The reproducibility of the measurements taken by the two nurses in 50 @entity1 showed an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) for the tympanic thermometer. CONCLUSIONS: The infrared thermometer is an appropriate device for rapidly measuring temperature in the emergency department. However, the measurements taken should be confirmed by another method when clinical decisions are based on temperature values.

title: [The tympanic thermometer in pediatrics as an alternative to the XXXX -in-glass thermometer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonfunctioning islet cell @entity788 has a variable and often indolent natural history, which has resulted in a wide range of treatment recommendations. To more clearly define the natural history and appropriate treatment of this disease, we reviewed our institutional experience over the last 39 years. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 confirmed to have a nonfunctioning islet cell @entity788 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier life tables were constructed and log-rank comparisons were performed. RESULTS: The 73 @entity1 studied had an overall 5-year actuarial survival rate of 50%. @entity1 with @entity66 at presentation (n = 39) had a significantly higher survival rate (p = 0.03) compared with @entity1 with @entity3 (n = 34). The 19 @entity1 who underwent a potentially curative resection of the @entity5 had a significantly higher survival rate (p = 0.03) compared with the 20 @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable, nonmetastatic disease. Nine of these 20 @entity1 died of complications of the @entity5 . In contrast, only 2 of 22 @entity5 in the 34 @entity1 with @entity3 at diagnosis were due to the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: (1) Surgical resection should be performed in @entity1 with resectable nonmetastatic disease. (2) Resection of the @entity5 in the presence of @entity3 is rarely indicated. (3) Innovative treatment strategies are needed for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable, nonmetastatic @entity5 of the pancreatic head.

title: Nonfunctioning islet cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity150 cell line MGH-U1 (also designated T-24 or EJ) contains an activated c-Ha-ras oncogene, which is amplified as compared to normal @entity1 fibroblasts. We have generated sublines from the MGH-U1 cell line: the MGH-U1/OCI subline was generated by dissociating spheroids formed from MGH-U1 cells; the U1-m/F1 and OCI-m/F1 were generated by in vivo passage of experimental lung metastases formed after i.v. injection of MGH-U1 and MGH-U1/OCI lines into immune-deprived @entity19 ; the U1/t subline was generated by in vivo passage of i.m. @entity5 formed from MGH-U1 cells. All sublines formed @entity5 in immune-deprived @entity19 from smaller i.m. inocula than the parent line, and the U1-m/F1 subline generated more spontaneous metastases in lungs. Lung colony forming efficiency after i.v. injections of cells into similar @entity19 was also greater for the sublines than for the parent MGH-U1 cells. The U1-m/F1 and OCI-m/F1 were the most tumorigenic lines. Early passages of the MGH-U1/OCI subline showed the presence of double minute chromosomes, and amplification and increased expression of the c-Ha-ras oncogene as compared to the parental cell line. These changes were not present in later cultures of MGH-U1/OCI cells, and no consistent difference in the levels of gene amplification or expression between the parent line and the sublines was found. Thus the content and expression of the activated c-Ha-ras oncogene does not correlate with malignant properties of the sublines.

title: Malignant properties of sublines selected from a @entity1 XXXX cell line that contains an activated c-Ha-ras oncogene.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review critically examines recent literature related to applications of noninvasive ventilation in the acute setting. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent articles have strengthened the evidence supporting the use of noninvasive ventilation for @entity1 with @entity3126 and exacerbation of severe chronic @entity3885 . In the former, however, it remains unclear whether noninvasive ventilation offers any significant advantages over continuous positive airway pressure. The rate of @entity583 seems to be no higher when @entity1 with @entity3126 are treated with noninvasive ventilation rather than continuous positive airway pressure, although caution is still advised in @entity1 with @entity1187 . Noninvasive ventilation also does not seem to increase the risk of dissemination of severe acute @entity1576 to health care workers as long as strict isolation procedures are used. Noninvasive ventilation facilitates weaning in @entity1 with @entity1030 but should not be used routinely to treat extubation failure, and necessary intubation should not be delayed. Guidelines for the use of noninvasive ventilation can alter caregivers' behavior but have not been clearly shown to improve outcomes. Outcomes do seem to improve, however, as caregivers acquire experience with the technique. SUMMARY: The recent literature has refined some of the current indications for noninvasive ventilation in the acute-care setting, including chronic @entity3885 and @entity3126 . Guidelines for use are now being developed, and outcomes seem to be improving, partly as a consequence of greater caregiver experience and possibly related to technologic advances.

title: Noninvasive ventilation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a promising therapeutic approach for reducing @entity32 and improving @entity417 associated to various @entity74 . However, whether this agent may be helpful for @entity417 management also in CKD @entity1 is still object of debate. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. POPULATION: Adults with CKD (any KDOQI stage, including ESKD @entity1 on regular dialysis) and @entity417 (Hb<13 g/dL in @entity1 or < 12 g/dL in @entity1 ). SEARCH STRATEGY AND SOURCES: Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Ovid-MEDLINE and PubMed were searched for studies providing data on the effects of @entity4045 on @entity417 parameters in CKD @entity1 without design or follow-up restriction. INTERVENTION: @entity4045 derivatives at any dose regimen. OUTCOMES: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, ESAs dosage and resistance (ERI), @entity68 indexes (ferritin, serum @entity68 , TIBC, @entity69 and serum hepcidin) and adverse events. RESULTS: We retrieved 11 studies (377 @entity1 ) including seven randomized controlled trials (all comparing @entity4045 to placebo or standard therapy) one retrospective case-control study and three prospective uncontrolled studies. Overall, @entity4045 increased hemoglobin in three uncontrolled studies but such improvement was not confirmed in a meta-analysis of seven studies (299 @entity1 ) ( @entity601 0.12 g/dL, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.47). Similarly, there were no conclusive effects of @entity4045 on hematocrit, ESAs dose, ferritin and TSAT in pooled analyses. Data on serum @entity68 , ERI, TIBC and hepcidin were based on single studies. No evidence of increased rate of adverse events was also noticed. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and limited number of studies. High heterogeneity among studies with respect to CKD and @entity417 severity, duration of intervention and responsiveness/current therapy with @entity68 or ESAs. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no conclusive evidence supporting the utility of @entity1502 for improving @entity417 control in CKD @entity1 . Future trials designed on hard, @entity1 -centered outcomes with larger sample size and longer follow-up are advocated.

title: XXXX for @entity417 in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['Pentoxifylline']


abstract: Although the course of @entity281 induced by @entity3667 in @entity19 is influenced by several factors, including the parasite virulence, the macrophage permissiveness to this parasite and response to T cell-produced lymphokines, this review has been restricted to summarizing, the recent data concerning the T-cell responses generated during @entity281 and their effect on the disease process. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that T-cell responses play a fundamental role in resistance and susceptibility of @entity19 to @entity281 with @entity3667 . It appears that resolution of lesion and exacerbation of disease result from the activity of distinct specific @entity1961 + T cells. There is a consensus of opinion that @entity1961 + T cells from the @entity630 functional phenotype are generally endowed with protective function through their secreted lymphokines (e.g. @entity60 ). However, some evidence exists that other lymphokines (e.g. @entity637 ) might be involved in resolution of lesions. Results exist which indicate that some @entity630 @entity1961 + T cells also contribute to susceptibility to @entity281 . Their specificity differs from that of protective @entity630 cells in the sense that these T cells might recognize parasite antigens not appropriately presented by parasitized macrophages and therefore, although releasing @entity60 , would not be able to concentrate this lymphokine on the surface of macrophages containing multiplying @entity3667 . It appears that parasite-specific TH2 cells play an important role, through the @entity58 that they produce, in the severe disease seen in BALB/c @entity19 . Determining the mechanisms responsible for the expansion of TH2 cells in genetically susceptible @entity19 as well as assessing whether or not some parasite antigens are preferentially recognized by @entity630 and TH2 cells are areas of investigation of prime importance for the rational design of a vaccine against @entity232 . Several observations indicate that CD8+ T cells have a role in the resolution of lesions induced by this parasite. Precise investigation of the mechanism(s) accounting for their beneficial effect might depend upon our ability to derive and maintain in vitro homogenous populations and clones of @entity3667 -specific CD8+ T cells.

title: Analysis of the cellular parameters of the immune responses contributing to resistance and susceptibility of @entity19 to XXXX with the intracellular parasite, @entity3667 .

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: A recent 10-year experience with major @entity409 at the Maine Medical Center was reviewed in order to examine treatment options involving interhospital transfer in the management of major @entity409 in rural areas. @entity99 of at least Grade III by the systems of Moore or Mirvis were included, except for @entity1 admitted without vital signs. We found 98 cases of major @entity99 , of which 54 had been referred by 21 smaller hospitals. Of 15 @entity1 received after laparotomy elsewhere, nine underwent reoperation for control of @entity548 or removal of packs, and three died of associated @entity881 ( @entity881 ). Of the other 39 transferred @entity1 , 23 diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) were selected for nonoperative management with success, 11 survived after operation, one died of @entity548 , and four died of associated injuries or @entity881 . For the entire group of 98 cases, adjuncts perceived as useful included perihepatic gauze packing (11 cases) and angiographic embolization (6 cases). Mortality increased with increasing magnitude of injury. Even with major @entity99 on CT, stable @entity1 are unlikely to require surgery. Active @entity548 in unstable @entity1 may be controlled temporarily by expeditious operative techniques including gauze packing. These findings usually allow cooperation between rural hospital and referral center in the management of these potentially serious cases.

title: Management of major XXXX involving interhospital transfer.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'injury or multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injuries', 'hepatic trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 , especially @entity2414 and executive function impairments, has been considered to be a possible adverse effect of aromatase inhibitors (AI). This phase III open-label study compared the impact of @entity440 and @entity2414 (Rey auditory verbal learning test-RAVLT) and other cognitive functions (visual memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functions) after 6 and 12  months of treatment in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing adjuvant hormonotherapy. Menopausal chemo-na  ve @entity1 with resectable @entity0 were randomly assigned (1:1) at the end of the radiotherapy to receive @entity440 or AI. Neuropsychological assessments, self-reported quality of life, and @entity308 assessments were performed at baseline, before any hormonal treatment, and at 6 and 12  months. Mixed design analysis models of variance was used to compare the evolution of the scores between the groups during follow-up. A total of 74 evaluable @entity1 were enrolled ( @entity440 arm, n  =  37; AI arm, n  =  37; @entity4672 n  =  18; @entity13558 n  =  16; exemestane n  =  3). The median age at inclusion was 61  years (range, minimum 49-maximum 69). The @entity1 and @entity0 characteristics were well balanced between arms. After 6  months, no significant differential effect of AI or @entity440 was observed on the RAVLT. Moreover, considering the other cognitive measures and the quality of life questionnaires, there were also no differences between the groups during the 1-year follow-up. In this study, AI has not demonstrated worse adverse effects on cognitive functions than @entity440 during a 1-year follow-up.

title: A phase III randomized multicenter trial evaluating cognition in post-menopausal XXXX @entity1 receiving adjuvant hormonotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal episodic memory', 'AI on verbal episodic memory']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neutrophilic dermatoses encompass, among others, @entity7250 ( @entity7250 ) and @entity6794 ( @entity6794 ), which are associated with underlying systemic diseases including @entity1581 . METHODS: On skin biopsies from 16 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity7250 and/or @entity6794 , we performed an X-inactivation assay to detect clonal restriction of neutrophils. There were two @entity1 categories based on known diseases at the time of diagnosis: @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity1 without @entity66 . RESULTS: Among seven @entity1 with @entity3052 and two with @entity2590 , clonal restriction was found in five; three were homozygous, precluding analysis. Among the seven control @entity1 , infiltrates were clonally restricted in five; one was polyclonal and the other was homozygous for the allele, precluding analysis. Of the five @entity1 with clonally restricted infiltrates, one was subsequently diagnosed with @entity2590 , one had unexplained @entity1398 and an additional @entity1 developed @entity0 . Overall, the incidence of clonality in both groups was the same, averaging 81%. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that clonality in neutrophilic dermatoses, while characteristic of underlying @entity1581 , is not observed exclusively in the setting of @entity66 . The significance of clonal neutrophilic infiltrates unassociated with @entity66 is unclear, but it may have some implications regarding the pathogenesis of sterile neutrophilic infiltrates. Clonality is well described in the setting of @entity56 , reflecting an overzealous response to antigenic stimuli. One could speculate a similar mechanism operational in cases of apparently reactive @entity7250 / @entity6794 associated with monoclonality; a localized form of cutaneous @entity1581 is also possible.

title: Clonality in the setting of @entity7250 and XXXX is not limited to underlying @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic dyscrasia', 'myeloid dyscrasia', 'myeloid dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative diseases', 'myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['SS', "Sweet's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6794 :: (MESH:D017511,Disease) :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']


abstract: 28 @entity1 with @entity43 were studied pathologically. @entity5 with other germ cell elements were excluded. The ages ranged from 11 to 38. 71% were @entity1 under 25 years. Each @entity5 and metastatic lesion was graded histologically according to the criteria of Norris. Of these 28 cases, 11 were grade I; 11 grade II; and 6 grade III. The study showed that the stage of @entity5 is closely related to the prognosis. The likelihood of recurrence and @entity3 could be determined by the grade of the @entity5 . The recurrence rate of grade I, II, and III were 0%, 44% and 100%, respectively. It also showed that the addition of hysterectomy and contralateral adnexectomy for grades II and III lesions did not improve the survival. One @entity1 had been operated for 3 times to remove recurrences in the abdominal cavity and liver in a period of 25 months. The first and second recurrent @entity5 were grade III, but the third one was grade II showing that the @entity44 tends to mature, but this conversion needs time. The authors support the opinion that repeated operations to remove the recurrences may improve the survival.

title: [Pathologic study and prognostic factors in 28 @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian immature teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature teratoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian immature teratoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if biomechanical data obtained in studies on cadavers correlates with clinical results in the surgical treatment of stage IV pronation-external rotation (PER-IV) @entity1171 . We surgically treated 20 @entity1 who sustained isolated PER-IV @entity3681 and followed 18 of the @entity1 for an average of 2.5 years. Radiographs were evaluated using previously established methods, and clinical outcome was based on the criteria of Cedell. Eleven @entity1 sustained a @entity130 with a @entity1171 ; 2 required a syndesmosis screw due to poor medial fixation. Good or excellent results were obtained in 90% of the @entity1 in this group; the poor outcome of 1 @entity1 was due to the development of @entity6865 . Seven @entity1 had a @entity130 with a deltoid ligament tear; because of widening of the syndesmosis, 1 @entity1 required an early operation (within 1 week), and 2 @entity1 required late operations (after 1 month). None of these @entity1 should have required a syndesmosis screw based on biomechanical studies. Good or excellent results were obtained in 71% of the @entity1 in this group. We conclude that the biomechanical data concerning placement of a syndesmosis screw in PER-IV @entity1171 does not correlate with in vivo outcome when a deltoid ligament injury occurs. A screw that stabilizes the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis should probably be placed in @entity1 who sustain PER-IV injuries with deltoid ligament ruptures regardless of the level of the fibula @entity174 .

title: Clinical use of a syndesmosis screw in stage IV pronation-external rotation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injuries']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'medial malleolus fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['PER-IV injury']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence of some @entity5 has been reported to be higher in @entity6 @entity1 than in the general population. We estimated the incidence of @entity2 in @entity6 @entity1 and investigated the hypothesis that the rate of @entity2 is different in @entity6 compared with nondiabetic @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity6 @entity1 and age-, sex-, and general practice-matched nondiabetic control subjects were identified from U.K. computerized general practice records (General Practice Research Database), and these records searched for any incident @entity2 , demographic details, and smoking status. Primary @entity2 incidence was calculated and rates compared between @entity6 @entity1 and nondiabetic control subjects using multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. The comparison was repeated for incident @entity6 @entity1 followed from diagnosis and after stratifying by @entity6 treatment. RESULTS: The incidence of primary @entity2 in all 66,848 @entity6 @entity1 was 1.63 per 1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 1.48-1.79) and 2.05 per 1,000 @entity1 -years (1.76-2.38) among @entity6 @entity1 followed from diagnosis. When compared with nondiabetic control subjects, the hazard ratio was 0.88 (0.79-0.97) for all @entity6 @entity1 and 1.12 (0.95-1.34) for those followed from diagnosis. When observation was truncated to allow for shorter life expectancy, the hazard ratio for the total cohort was 0.98 (0.84-1.13), and no association was found with any treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: No increased risk of @entity2 in @entity6 was found. We hypothesize that the lower incidence may be partly due to shorter life expectancy.

title: @entity6 and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Despite numerous treatment measures @entity3137 and pharynx due to radiochemotherapy frequently remains refractory to therapy. In most cases high doses of @entity158 medications are till required. However, @entity33 as a strong early reaction may be controllable by limiting @entity5 therapy. Within the current framework of accelerated radiochemotherapy with @entity3003 , 50 @entity1 with inoperable @entity957 of the head and neck were followed from 1992 to 1994. Acute @entity137 was documented from the first through eighth week after starting therapy. From the fifth week on, the degree of @entity33 found was > 3 (WHO scale) in 24 @entity1 . The extent of @entity33 in 5 @entity1 required interrupting therapy for 10 days on average. In 14 cases the average stay in hospital had to be prolonged by 10.2 days because of severe @entity32 . In all, the average duration of @entity33 after the end of the therapy amounted to 9.6 weeks. Twenty @entity1 required bypass feedings with transnasal stomach tubes or percutaneous gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tubes that were later removed. In addition, the incidences of @entity1282 , @entity2133 , hoarseness, skin reactions, @entity390 or vomitus and myelotoxicity were recorded. Descriptions of the supportive care concepts used at the University of Heidelberg are given and the supportive care concepts available scientific literature is updated.

title: [The problem of radiogenic and chemotherapy-induced @entity3137 and and oropharynx exemplified by accelerated radiochemotherapy with @entity3003 in XXXX with inoperable @entity957 of the head-/neck area. Heidelberg experiences].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis of the mouth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between a new @entity3604 and @entity2649 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: In contrast to the growing recognition of the importance of @entity1347 after lumbar arthrodesis, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between @entity3604 and @entity2649 . METHODS: Twenty five @entity1 with a thoracolumbar @entity174 following instrumented arthrodesis for @entity179 (study group) were investigated. The influence of @entity2649 was examined by comparing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck in the study group with that of 28 @entity1 (control group) who had sustained a simple @entity3604 . The @entity174 after instrumented arthrodesis was diagnosed at a mean 47 months (range, 7 to 100 months) after the surgery. RESULTS: There was a relatively better BMD in the study group, 0.67    0.12 g/cm(2) compared to the control group, 0.60    0.13 g/cm(2) (p = 0.013). The level of back @entity158 improved from a mean of 7.5    1.0 at the time of the @entity174 to a mean of 4.9    2.0 at 1 year after the @entity174 (p = 0.001). However, 12 (48%) @entity1 @entity615 1 year after the @entity174 . There was negative correlation between the @entity615 at the last follow up (r = - 0.455, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3604 after instrumented arthrodesis contribute to the aggravation of back @entity158 and the final outcome of @entity179 . Therefore, it is important to examine the possibility of new @entity3604 for @entity615 after lumbar instrumented arthrodesis.

title: Relationship between New XXXX and Instrumented Lumbar Arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral fractures', 'Osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['instrumented lumbar arthrodesis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment disease']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['new-onset back pain', 'complained of severe back pain', 'BMD of the femoral neck and back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disorders']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture']


abstract: Aggressive medical management and surgical debridement is curative in most cases of @entity5 . Recently, four @entity1 with this condition were treated at the University of California, San Francisco, who did not respond to conventional therapy. In each case, appropriate intravenous antibiotics, @entity6 management, and extensive excision of involved tissue failed to eradicate the @entity281 . @entity74 was evidenced by any one of the following: 1. Persistence of granulation tissue in the external auditory canal, 2. Development of @entity129 during treatment, 3. Other signs or symptoms of active @entity281 for more than two weeks after institution of therapy. Any one of these criteria was considered an indication for more radical surgical intervention. In three @entity1 , the operative procedure consisted of a subtotal temporal bone resection to gain access to the primary focus of @entity281 and provide adequate drainage. The common finding in each case was an @entity733 in the soft tissues at the base of the skull. A description of the clinical course and surgical management of @entity5 forms the basis of this communication.

title: The surgical management of recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant external otitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of the disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant external otitis']


abstract: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) with (90)yttrium microspheres is a relatively new clinical modality for treating non-resectable @entity96 . This interventional radiology technique employs percutaneous microcatheterisation of the hepatic arterial vasculature to selectively deliver radioembolic microspheres into neoplastic tissue. @entity1161 results in measurable @entity5 responses or delayed disease progression in the majority of eligible @entity1 with @entity157 or hepatic @entity3 arising from @entity14 . It has also been successfully used as palliative therapy for non-colorectal malignancies metastatic to the liver. Although most adverse events are mild and transient, @entity1161 also carries some risks for serious and--rarely--fatal outcomes. In particular, entry of microspheres into non-target vessels may result in radiation-induced tissue damage, such as severe @entity2275 or radiation @entity2679 . @entity99 poses another significant risk. By careful case selection, considered dose calculation and meticulous angiographic technique, it is possible to minimise the incidence of such complications to less than 10% of all treatments. As the number of physicians employing @entity1161 expands, there is an increasing need to consolidate clinical experience and expertise to optimise @entity1 outcomes. Authored by a panel of clinicians experienced in treating @entity96 via @entity1161 , this paper collates experience in vessel mapping, embolisation, dosimetry, microsphere delivery and minimisation of non-target delivery. In addition to these clinical recommendations, the authors propose institutional criteria for introducing @entity1161 at new centres and for incorporating the technique into multidisciplinary care plans for @entity1 with @entity99 .

title: Clinical care and technical recommendations for 90yttrium microsphere treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumours', 'liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['SIRT', 'Selective internal radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation-induced liver disease', 'hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulceration']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']