abstract: 1. The authors investigated the administration of @entity585 , a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor; @entity12194 , an @entity342 receptor blocker and; exogenous @entity586 ( @entity587 ) during intervals covering different portions of the "critical period" of neural development (i.e. prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal development) to determine the long-term effects of these agents on altering @entity342 metabolism in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue of juvenile (30 day-old) male @entity35 . 2. The efficacy of the treatments and @entity2339 function was monitored by measuring luteinizing hormone levels by radioimmunoassay. 5 alpha-Reductase and aromatase activity was determined in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue. 3. Significant alterations in pituitary 5 alpha-reductase activity was detected in @entity587 -treated animals, whereas, hypothalamic 5 alpha-reductase activity was significantly decreased by @entity585 treatment and significantly increased by @entity587 treatment. @entity1640 aromatase activity was significantly decreased in @entity12194 -treated animals. 4. These results suggest that: a) prenatal exposure to exogenous @entity587 stimulates hypothalamic (but inhibits pituitary) 5 alpha-reductase activity long-term and b) basal 5 alpha-reductase activity levels can be inhibited by @entity585 treatment in hypothalamic but not in pituitary tissue, suggesting that a different regulatory mechanism exists for 5 alpha-reductase in hypothalamic versus pituitary tissue.

title: Altered brain and pituitary @entity342 metabolism by prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal @entity585 , @entity12194 or @entity586 treatment in juvenile male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5850 is a @entity738 caused by Actinomyces that mimics other intra-abdominal pathologies especially @entity5 . Correct diagnosis can be rarely established before radical surgery. On the other hand @entity281 affects a considerable number of @entity1 worldwide. To our knowledge only one case has been reported to be affected by both organisms. We report a @entity1 who has been operated for a mass in the cecum mimicking a perforated @entity694 . Abdominal CT revealed a mass with features of an invading @entity5 . After radical surgery, definitive pathology revealed that the mass was due to @entity5850 associated with @entity281 . The postoperative period was uneventful and the @entity1 was on long-course antibiotherapy. It is important to consider @entity5850 especially in @entity1 with intra-abdominal masses with @entity146 to prevent unnecessary surgery. However, surgery can be unavoidable especially in the presence of complicated disease or high index of suspicion for @entity5 .

title: XXXX of cecum associated with entamoeba infection mimicking perforated @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['unusual aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Entamoeba infection']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['Actinomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential benefit of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in @entity1 with isolated full-thickness cervical stromal invasion (FTSI) as an unfavorable pathological finding after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in FIGO stages @entity2622 . METHODS: A total of 1868 @entity1 with stages @entity2622 underwent radical hysterectomy and PLND between January 1982 and December 2002. Seventy-four of these @entity1 had isolated FTSI without any other unfavorable pathological finding, such as lymph node @entity3 , microscopic parametrial involvement, involved resection margin, lympho-vascular space invasion, or large clinical @entity5 diameter (>4 cm). Forty-one of these @entity1 had no adjuvant treatment (S group) and 33 received PORT (PORT group). @entity1 with isolated FTSI who received chemotherapy were excluded. Treatment outcomes in the PORT and S groups were compared. RESULTS: Ten-year disease-free survival (DFS) and pelvic-failure-free survival (PFFS) of S group vs. PORT group were 73.2% vs. 92.4% (P=0.038) and 79.8% vs. 97.0% (P=0.044), respectively. According to a Cox proportional hazards model developed by forward, stepwise regression incorporating all prognostic variables, only PORT was marginally significant for DFS (RR 0.234; 95% CI 0.051-1.067; P=0.061) and significant for PFFS (RR 0.055; 95% CI 0.005-0.620; P=0.019). A grade 4 late complication developed in two @entity1 (6%) in PORT group. CONCLUSION: PORT administered to @entity1 with isolated FTSI after radical hysterectomy and PLND improves pelvic control in FIGO stages @entity2622 with acceptable morbidity.

title: Isolated full-thickness cervical stromal invasion warrants post-hysterectomy pelvic radiotherapy in FIGO stages XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['IB-IIA cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['IB-IIA uterine cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The transluminal angioplasty and stenting procedure has been recently advocated as a potential alternative to surgical endarterectomy for the treatment of severe @entity543 . This study assesses the incidence and significance of @entity932 occurring after this procedure. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 104 carotid arteries (96 internal, two external, and six common) in 90 @entity1 (63 male; mean age, 69.4 years; range, 48-88 years) who underwent primary stenting and angioplasty by use of Wallstents (103/104) at three centers between January 1996 and January 1999. Seventy-five (83%) @entity1 were referred by neurosurgery departments. Seventy-one (68%) arteries were symptomatic; the mean @entity850 percentage was 85% (range, 40-99%). RESULTS: Four intraparenchymal @entity548 occurred, representing 4.4% of @entity1 and 3.8% of vessels, after angioplasty and stent placement. The mean preoperative @entity850 percentage was 95% (range, 90-99%). One @entity548 occurred immediately after stent placement, whereas the three other @entity548 occurred in a delayed fashion (mean, 2.8 days). The mean @entity1410 size was 4.8 cm (range, 2-8 cm). Three @entity1 had associated subarachnoid or @entity548 ; the fourth had associated @entity548 . Three @entity548 were fatal; the fourth experienced two @entity410 only. No @entity16 were present prior to @entity548 , and there was no postprocedural @entity101 in these @entity1 . All had been receiving antiplatelet agents as well as intraprocedural IV heparin. CONCLUSION: @entity932 can occur after carotid angioplasty and stenting. We speculate that this represents cerebral hyperperfusion injury. The 3.8% incidence of @entity1779 observed is approximately sixfold greater than that reported post endarterectomy (0.6%) (95% CI, 0.2-8.7%). This is not statistically significant in this small study group. This trend may reflect @entity1 selection, different anticoagulation protocols, and/or study population size. Additional data are needed to determine the safety and efficiency of carotid stenting as a treatment for @entity543 .

title: @entity932 after stenting and angioplasty of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'subdural hemorrhage', 'intraventricular bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial carotid stenosis', 'carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['extracranial carotid stenosis']


abstract: The evolution of resistance in @entity794 occurs rapidly, and in response to all known antimicrobial treatments. Numerous studies of model species describe compensatory roles of mutations in mediating competitive fitness, and there is growing evidence that these mutation types also drive adaptation of @entity794 strains. However, few studies have tracked @entity535 changes during the complete evolutionary trajectory of antibiotic adaptation or been able to predict their functional relevance. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of computational methods to predict biological resistance of a collection of clinically known Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs). We have found that >90% of known RAMs are incorrectly predicted to be functionally neutral by at least one of the prediction methods used. By tracing the evolutionary histories of all of the false negative RAMs, we have discovered that a significant number are reversion mutations to ancestral alleles also carried in the MSSA476 @entity3256 -sensitive isolate. These genetic reversions are most prevalent in strains following @entity13757 treatment and show a tendency to accumulate in biological pathway reactions that are distinct from those accumulating non-reversion mutations. Our studies therefore show that in addition to non-reversion mutations, reversion mutations arise in isolates exposed to new antibiotic treatments. It is possible that acquisition of reversion mutations in the genome may prevent substantial fitness costs during the progression of resistance. Our findings pose an interesting question to be addressed by further clinical studies regarding whether or not these reversion mutations lead to a renewed vulnerability of a @entity2176 or @entity13757 resistant strain to antibiotics administered at an earlier stage of @entity281 .

title: The evolutionary history of XXXX variations mediating increased resistance of @entity794 identifies reversion mutations in metabolic regulators.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['daptomycin']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity916 -angiotensin system has an important effect on the development of @entity1283 and the regulation of left ventricular function, in particular by promoting @entity299 . EFFECT OF @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) INHIBITORS: In both experimental and @entity1 studies, @entity1289 inhibitors have shown a clear tendency to perform better than other types of antihypertensive therapy in reversing cardiac structural changes. A recent meta-analysis of 109 studies showed that @entity1289 inhibitors were more effective than beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and diuretics in reducing left ventricular mass. Furthermore, @entity1283 was reversed to a significantly greater extent with @entity4688 than @entity918 in a long-term study of previously untreated @entity1 . Multivariate analyses of the results from that study showed that the reversal of @entity1283 was independently related to the blockade of the circulating @entity916 -angiotensin system. Furthermore, experimental studies have shown that @entity1289 inhibition can induce reversal of @entity4346 even without a fall in blood pressure. EFFECT OF LOSARTAN: The novel @entity2178 blocker @entity9886 has, like @entity1289 inhibitors, shown significant effects on cardiovascular structure in animal models. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of the @entity916 -angiotensin system with @entity1289 inhibitors seems to have independent significance for the reversal of @entity1283 . However, we still do not know whether it is the attenuation of @entity2178 (locally or systemically), apart from a fall in blood pressure, that is the most important effect of @entity1289 inhibition. Therefore, results from future studies on the ability of @entity2178 antagonists to affect @entity4346 , in comparison with @entity1289 inhibitors, are awaited with great interest, especially regarding the differential effects on myocyte @entity1184 and @entity82 .

title: The importance of the XXXX -angiotensin system in reversal of @entity4346 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac interstitial fibrosis']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Nonfibrotic pancreases with a nondilated duct are susceptible to @entity3472 following pancreaticoduodenectomy. We developed a novel pancreatic duct-invagination @entity254 using an ultrasonic dissector and applied this technique to 14 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies and 1 segmental pancreatectomy for otherwise normal pancreases. With the aid of an ultrasonic dissector, even branch pancreatic ducts were skeletonized, ligated securely, and divided during pancreatic transection. Moreover, the main duct was exposed (> 1 cm) easily by ultrasonic dissection and a small-caliber pancreatic tube was inserted into the duct on the stump. Subsequently, @entity788 could be easily done through a 10 G intravenous catheter passed through the gastrointestinal tract. The main duct was anchored to the adjacent serosa, but any pancreatic parenchymal sutures, possibly leading to internal laceration and/or @entity63 particularly in soft nonfibrotic pancreases, were avoidable during the procedures. All the anastomoses were done within 10 minutes. Only 1 @entity1 (6.7%)developed @entity3472 , which resolved spontaneously in 21 days postoperatively. Neither @entity834 nor remnant @entity788 was seen in this series. Although a prospective, randomized study is needed, this technique may contribute to reduced morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy for a nonfibrotic pancreas with a nondilated main duct.

title: New pancreatic duct-invagination XXXX using ultrasonic dissection for nonfibrotic pancreas with a nondilated duct.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic duct invagination']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula', 'pancreatic fistula or leakage']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal fullness and @entity448 . Abdominal CT scan revealed @entity788 with @entity298 , combined with lymph node and liver @entity3 . Cytology of @entity843 showed @entity5 . Abnormally high values of CA19-9 (1,908 U/mL) and @entity10224 (545 U/mL) were detected in serum. Histologically, metastatic @entity420 was recognized by laparoscopic biopsy of peritoneal dissemination. We performed systemic chemotherapy of @entity11730 , @entity136 and peritoneal infusion of @entity1311 for nonresected @entity788 . After 5 courses, @entity843 disappeared and the serum CA19-9 and @entity10224 levels regained their normal value. Peritoneal seeding was not found by second laparoscopic examination 20 months after beginning chemotherapy. Thus, we consider the @entity1 had an effective response, and performed distal pancreatectomy and proximal resection of the stomach. Histological examination of the @entity75 revealed no @entity5 cells where @entity82 presented.

title: [A resected case of effective treatment with @entity11730 / @entity136 and XXXX combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity788 with peritoneal and liver @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['massive ascites showing peritoneal dissemination']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: UNC5 family proteins are trans-membrane receptors which mediate both repulsion and attraction signals for the axonal growth cones. The UNC5 family proteins may also play critical roles in angiogenesis and @entity105 . Here we have determined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of unc5 gene family members ( @entity47060 , @entity47061 , @entity47062 , @entity47063 and @entity47064 ) by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RT-PCR results showed that all transcripts except @entity47061 were expressed maternally. While @entity47061 and @entity47062 transcript was detected at all time points between shield stage and 48h post fertilization (hpf), @entity47060 , @entity47063 and @entity47064 showed expression at 24hpf and later time points. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that @entity47060 , @entity47063 and @entity47064 transcripts were expressed in the telencephalon, parts of thalamus and hindbrain between 24 and 48hpf. The expression patterns of @entity47065 and @entity47066 in the telencephalon showed substantial overlap by fluorescent in situ hybridization. @entity47061 showed expression in the eye region, epiphysis and thalamus. @entity47062 showed expression in the roof plate, the @entity2133 region. Our results provide a starting point to uncovering roles of unc5 gene family in @entity3392 forebrain development and axonal outgrowth or guidance.

title: Expression of unc5 family genes in XXXX brain during embryonic development.

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['hindbrain and the mouth']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Visual prostheses currently in development aim to restore some form of vision to @entity1 suffering from diseases such as age-related @entity1020 and @entity6391 . Most rely on electrically stimulating inner retinal cells via electrodes implanted on or near the retina, resulting in percepts of light termed 'phosphenes'. Activation of spatially distinct populations of cells in the retina is key for pattern vision to be produced. To achieve this, the electrical stimulation must be localized, activating cells only in the direct vicinity of the stimulating electrode(s). With this goal in mind, a hexagonal return (hexapolar) configuration has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional monopolar or bipolar return configurations for electrically stimulating the retina. This study investigated the efficacy of the hexapolar configuration in localizing the activation of @entity2479 cells (RGCs), compared to a monopolar configuration. APPROACH: Patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to measure the activation thresholds of RGCs in whole-mount @entity95 retina to monopolar and hexapolar electrical stimulation, applied subretinally. MAIN RESULTS: Hexapolar activation thresholds for RGCs located outside the @entity50959 guard were found to be significantly (>2 fold) higher than those located inside the area of tissue bounded by the @entity50959 guard. The hexapolar configuration localized the activation of RGCs more effectively than its monopolar counterpart. Furthermore, no difference in hexapolar thresholds or localization was observed when using cathodic-first versus anodic-first stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE: The hexapolar configuration may provide an improved method for electrically stimulating spatially distinct populations of cells in retinal tissue.

title: Spatially restricted electrical activation of XXXX cells in the @entity95 retina by hexapolar electrode return configuration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: 1. The role of the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors on the @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) and plasma @entity28637 activity (PRA) responses to @entity548 was studied in conscious @entity95 . They were bled at a rate of approximately 3% of their blood volume (BV)/min, both when the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was intact and during ANS blockade, which markedly enhances the @entity1831 response due to the much greater haemodynamic disturbance. Under each condition of ANS function 2 x 2 factorial analysis was performed, each with four groups of @entity95 , including animals with both sets of baroreceptors working, one or other set working and neither set working. 2. With intact ANS, @entity548 had to be terminated at different times in the four groups. This presents problems for factorial analysis due to differences in the relationship between plasma @entity1831 (or PRA) and release rate. A method for overcoming this was developed by extrapolating the BV-log @entity1831 curves to a common time from the start of bleeding. 3. Under both conditions of ANS function the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors together accounted for 90-95% of the rise in @entity1831 during @entity548 . With normal ANS function, the rise in @entity1831 was about 70% through cardiac (probably ventricular) baroreceptors (P = 0.01) and about 30% through arterial baroreceptors (P = 0.08). This compares with an earlier study at a rate of bleeding of 1.8% BV/min, where the entire drive came from the cardiac receptors. During ANS blockade, plasma @entity1831 was enhanced approximately five-fold, which was mostly mediated through the arterial baroreceptors, but the cardiac baroreceptor component was also greater; arterial/cardiac baroreceptor drive was 2/1. 4. Baroreflexes played no role in @entity28637 release during @entity548 , but the experiments with ANS blockade suggest that a hormonal factor, which was related to the cardiac innervation, may limit the rise in PRA in the latter part of @entity548 .

title: Afferent control of vasopressin and @entity28637 release during @entity548 in normal and autonomically blocked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We determined whether the current SEER registries are representative of the nation's @entity5 cases or the socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: We used @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cases diagnosed 2004-2009 from the US Cancer Statistics (USCS) database. Cases were classified into groups residing in SEER coverage areas and the other areas. We compared difference between SEER and non-SEER areas in: age-race-specific proportions of late-stage @entity0 or @entity14 , area demographics and socioeconomic factors, and data quality. RESULTS: For late-stage @entity14 diagnosis, SEER areas contained lower proportions of @entity1 with other race and higher proportions of Asian and Hispanic females aged <40, than non-SEER areas. For late-stage @entity0 diagnosis, SEER and non-SEER estimates were comparable. SEER areas had lower percentages of whites and higher percentages of young @entity1 , were more urban, and had higher percentage of poor, lower educational attainment, and higher unemployment. SEER areas also tended to have a higher percentage of case @entity1939 than non-SEER areas. CONCLUSION: Overall, SEER registries were not significantly different from non-SEER areas in terms of average age-race-specific proportions of late-stage @entity0 or @entity14 , except for estimates of late-stage @entity14 for other race and young Asian and Hispanic @entity1 . Although case @entity1939 was better in SEER areas than non-SEER areas, SEER areas had greater economic disadvantage and greater minority diversity among the population. This study demonstrated a need for caution in using SEER data and discussed advantages of using the more complete USCS database.

title: How generalizable are the SEER registries to the XXXX populations of the USA?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['completeness']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Protein- @entity669 phosphatases (PTPs) are critically involved in regulation of signal transduction processes. Members of this class of enzymes are considered attractive therapeutic targets in several disease states, e.g. @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity32 . However, most reported PTP inhibitors have been @entity3151 -containing compounds, tight binding inhibitors, and/or inhibitors that covalently modify the enzymes. We therefore embarked on identifying a general, reversible, competitive PTP inhibitor that could be used as a common scaffold for lead optimization for specific PTPs. We here report the identification of @entity47828 ( @entity43503 ) as a classical competitive inhibitor of several PTPs. X-ray crystallography of @entity4641 complexed with @entity43503 and related non- @entity1391 low molecular weight derivatives reveals that the binding mode of these molecules to a large extent mimics that of the natural substrate including @entity3884 bonding to the PTP signature motif. In addition, binding of @entity43503 to the active site of @entity4641 creates a unique arrangement involving @entity2574 (181), Lys(120), and Tyr(46). PTP inhibitors are essential tools in elucidating the biological function of specific PTPs and they may eventually be developed into selective drug candidates. The unique enzyme kinetic features and the low molecular weight of @entity43503 makes it an ideal starting point for further optimization.

title: @entity47828 is a general, competitive inhibitor of protein- XXXX phosphatases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity47828 :: ('MESH:C405943', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(oxalylamino)-benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: We have evaluated the effects of the broad-spectrum @entity462 protease inhibitor E64 on @entity55 in the @entity19 @entity10328 model of @entity1 @entity565 . We have also characterised membrane-associated cathepsin enzyme activity on a range of cell types. MATERIALS: Balb/C @entity19 , E64 and @entity45233 , various cell lines. TREATMENT: E64 was administered by subcutaneous minipump into @entity10328 -sensitised @entity19 prior to intranasal @entity10328 challenge. The effect of E64 on @entity10328 -induced @entity32 in vivo and @entity10328 -specific T cell proliferation in vitro and ex vivo was examined. Membrane-associated cathepsin activity on various cell types was measured. RESULTS: E64 treatment (0.36-0.48 mg/day) led to a significant reduction in eosinophil numbers and lung weights in the @entity19 model. Histological examination of lungs confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect. @entity19258 greatly reduced @entity10328 -specific T cell numbers in the lymph nodes draining the lung following intranasal challenge whilst an accumulation of these T cells was found in the 'priming' lymph nodes. An analysis of various cells involved in lymphocyte priming and migration revealed that monocytes, dendritic cells and endothelial cells express high levels of membrane-associated @entity19292 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Since E64 is not cell permeable and does not inhibit antigen-induced T cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo, the data indicate that membrane-associated @entity462 proteases, possibly @entity19292 , may regulate T lymphocyte migration in vivo.

title: Therapeutic effects of XXXX protease inhibition in @entity55 : inhibition of allergen-specific T lymphocyte migration.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lung inflammation']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: We sought to determine perceptions and practices of American gynecologists when treating with a @entity1 complaining of @entity931 , specifically with regard to an underlying @entity3459 as a potential cause. A mail survey of Georgia members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was conducted. The survey response was 52%, and the analysis includes 376 physicians who reported seeing at least one gynecological @entity1 per week. On average, respondents were in practice 20 years and reported that 8% of their @entity1 population complain of @entity931 . Virtually all physicians reported employing a menstrual history as a starting point for the workup for @entity931 , and 95% order a hemoglobin/hematocrit determination. About 50% of physicians considered saturating three tampons/pads @entity13076 hours as excessive, although the criterion varied widely (range 0-24 @entity13076 hours, SD = 3). The diagnoses considered most likely among reproductive age @entity1 were @entity548 or benign lesions or that the heavy @entity548 was within normal limits. Only 4% of physicians would consider @entity2880 ( @entity2880 ) for this age group ( @entity1 of reproductive age). Among @entity1 near menarche, physicians overwhelmingly consider @entity548 or @entity548 within normal limits the likely diagnoses, and 16% would consider @entity2880 in this age group. Only rarely (3%) do surveyed physicians refer @entity931 @entity1 to other specialists. Most respondents believe that most @entity931 is caused by @entity3206 or is within normal limits. @entity3459 are believed to be a rare cause of @entity931 .

title: A survey of gynecologists concerning XXXX : perceptions of @entity3459 as a possible cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'anovulatory bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Bleeding disorders', 'bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease', 'VWD']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs) have classically been used for the initiation of dialysis. If a suitable forearm cephalic vein can be demonstrated, it is used to construct such a @entity292 . However, we have noted a tendency for RCAVF in @entity1 with a history of @entity6 (type I and type II) to remain patent but not mature to the point of cannulation. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 who required initial access for hemodialysis at an urban medical center and tertiary Veterans Medical Center underwent creation of an RCAVF (n = 10), @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ; n = 22), or @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ; n = 26). The vein used was determined by physical examination with tourniquet compression. If neither forearm or upper-arm cephalic veins were 2 mm in diameter, a @entity2548 was created after venography. Patency was determined by Kaplan-Meier estimate; differences between groups were assessed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The 70% rate of nonmaturation of RCAVFs was significantly greater than the 27% rate for BCAVFs and 0% for TBAVFs (p < 0.05). The 33% cumulative primary patency rate at 18 months for RCAVFs was significantly less than 78% for BCAVFs and 79% for TBAVFs (p < 0.001). Within and between groups, there were no significant differences in age, gender, @entity117 use, history of @entity712 , @entity1307 use, hematocrit level, history of @entity1095 , or mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity177 and a history of @entity6 , both primary BCAVFs and TBAVFs demonstrate significantly greater maturation and increased primary cumulative patency rates compared with RCAVFs; therefore, these autogenous conduits are considered to be optimal in this group of @entity1 . Whether the discrepancy in lower-arm vein maturation is a result of a lack of compensatory increase in radial arterial flow or an intrinsic defect in the lower-arm cephalic vein is currently under investigation.

title: Superior maturation and patency of primary brachiocephalic and transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistulae in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['TBAVF', 'brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula', 'transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula', 'BCAVF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Hepatic @entity2849 are rare complications of blunt @entity1661 in @entity1 . Diagnosis is frequently delayed and made by splanchnic angiography. Most of the indications for surgical treatment have disappeared after the development of selective catheterization and embolization. We report a case in an 8-year-old pedestrian who was struck by a car and suffered a @entity1230 with a severe blunt @entity1661 . A severe collapse upon admission commanded immediate laparotomy that depicted a liver @entity174 with associated jejunal and @entity660 . Recovery was progressive until the 15th postoperative day where an abrupt haemobilia occurred. A CT-scan exploration was performed and revealed a vascular @entity66 in the left lobe of the liver. The performance of a selective angiography confirmed the diagnosis of left artery @entity2849 , but because of technical difficulties, no embolization could be performed by this way. A direct percutaneous puncture and embolization of the @entity439 allowed a complete exclusion of the lesion. Eventually, recovery was complete. This percutaneous technique could be a valuable alternative to classical embolization and could avoid surgical treatment that still carries a high morbidity.

title: [A case of hepatic @entity2849 treated with percutaneous embolization in a XXXX with @entity1230 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'artery pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease with manifestation in the oral mucosa, the gingiva being one of the most affected regions. In some cases, the lesion may be @entity158 and lead to fragility of the tissues, so that precise diagnosis and adequate treatment are indispensible factors for improving the clinical condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plaque control in the improvement of clinical features and @entity2531 planus with @entity9566 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2522 planus confirmed by histopathological examination were selected. The @entity1 were evaluated by a trained examiner, with regard to the clinical features of the lesions [Index of Escudier et  al. (Br J @entity12291 , 157, 2007, 765)]; @entity158 symptoms (Visual Analog Scale); and periodontally, as regards the visible plaque and @entity548 indices. Periodontal treatment consisted of @entity2653 and oral hygiene instruction, with professional plaque removal afterward for a period of 4  weeks. The entire sample was evaluated at the baseline and at the conclusion of treatment, and the results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon nonparametric test. RESULTS: The data demonstrated that the majority of @entity1 were @entity1 (90%), with a mean age of 55.9  years. Periodontal treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction (P  <  0.05) in the periodontal indices, with consequent improvement in the clinical features and @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that plaque control was effective in improving the clinical features and @entity2531 planus with @entity9566 .

title: Plaque control improves the XXXX . A short-term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival scaling']

entities_list: @entity9566 :: ('MESH:D005882', 'Disease') :: ['gingival involvement']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival lichen']

entities_list: @entity12291 :: ('CHEBI:31292', 'Chemical') :: ['Dermatol']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms of oral lichen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms of the lesions', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful symptoms of oral lichen planus gingival lesions']


abstract: In a previous 15-day, Phase II study of @entity1 with de novo or persistent/recurrent @entity699 (core study), treatment with @entity22798 600  g sc bid reduced urinary free @entity701 (UFC) levels in 76% of @entity1 and normalized UFC in 17%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended treatment with @entity22798 . This was a planned, open-ended, single-arm, multicenter extension study (primary endpoint: 6 months). @entity1 aged >= 18 years with @entity699 who completed the core study could enter the extension if they achieved UFC normalization at core study end and/or obtained significant clinical benefit. Of the 38 @entity1 who completed the core study, 19 entered the extension and 18 were included in the efficacy analyses (three responders, 11 reducers, four non-reducers in the core study). At data cut-off, median treatment duration in the extension was 9.7 months (range: 2 months to 4.8 years). At extension month 6, 56% of the 18 @entity1 had lower UFC than at core baseline and 22% had normalized UFC. Of the four @entity1 who remained on study drug at month 24, one had normalized UFC. Reductions in serum @entity701 , plasma @entity4545 , body weight and diastolic blood pressure were observed. The most common adverse events were mild-to-moderate @entity344 and @entity4854 . @entity22798 offers a @entity5 -directed medical therapy that may be effective for the extended treatment of some @entity1 with @entity699 .

title: Extended treatment of XXXX with @entity22798 : results from a 2-year, Phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['Pasireotide', 'pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with the laparoscopically harvested omental flap in the treatment of @entity2737 , and to present a modification and introduce two supportive techniques in the perioperative management. METHODS: Between June 2005 and September 2007, six @entity1 with grade IV (El Oakley-Wright classification) @entity2737 following a median sternotomy for coronary artery bypass grafting underwent a reconstruction with a laparoscopically harvested omental flap. The median age of the cohort of six, consisting of one female and five males, was 67 years (range: 61-77 years). In five @entity1 , an unilateral internal thoracic artery had been used. Considerable preoperative risk factors were present: one @entity1 suffered from severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1)1L; two from moderate @entity1030 , three from @entity1723 and three were on glucocorticoid steroid therapy preoperatively. Abdominal surgery had previously been performed in four @entity1 . In all cases, the mediastinal wound was prepared with vacuum-assisted (<or=125 mmHg) therapy following debridement and pulsed irrigation. White, small-pore foam was placed over the right ventricle when the risk of adhesion to the sternal remnants or secondary @entity548 was a concern. In all cases, the position of the spread-out omental flap was maintained intrathoracically with autologous fibrin glue and in one case the split-skin graft covering the flap was also dealt with in this way. In the five other cases, the omental flap was covered by mobilising and advancing the local soft tissue and skin towards the midline. Portable sonography proved useful in monitoring the doubtful intrathoracic flap. RESULTS: The 30-day perioperative mortality rate was zero, with a 2-year overall survival of 100%. One @entity1 received a temporary colostomy due to a partial transverse colon @entity39 . Follow-up ranged from 20 to 53 months (median: 39 months) for the group as a whole. @entity204 occurred in one case 2.8 years after reconstruction due to reasons other than cardiac or mediastinal conditions. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopically harvested omental flap can contribute to a successful outcome following @entity2737 and deserves serious consideration in type IV @entity1764 in particular, regardless of the co-morbidity or previous abdominal surgery.

title: The laparoscopically harvested omental flap for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive airway disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['deep sternal wound infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity272 , such as @entity2640 ( @entity2640 ), may have a strong impact not only on @entity1 but also on caregivers. A specific questionnaire evaluating the family impact of dermatological conditions has been created, the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), but it has not yet been translated in Italian and validated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity4240 on family caregivers, using for the first time the Italian version of the FDLQI, and to validate the instrument. METHODS: @entity1 with recessive @entity4240 participated in a postal survey enquiring about the burden of @entity2640 on family caregivers. They completed the Family Strain Questionnaire and the FDLQI and they marked on a silhouette of the @entity1 body the @entity272 distribution. RESULTS: Data on 62 family caregivers were collected. The overall mean FDLQI score was 9.8. The most frequently reported problems were the time spent on looking after the @entity1 , emotional distress, physical well-being, and increased household expenditure. FDLQI scores were higher in family caregivers of @entity1 between 10 and 20 years. The Italian FDLQI showed high internal consistency, construct and convergent validity. Factor analysis revealed the presence of one factor structure underlying the items of the FDLQI, which explained 51.5% of the total variance, very similar to the original questionnaire (55.8%). CONCLUSION: The Italian version of the FDLQI seems to be a useful tool to evaluate the impact of @entity2640 on family caregivers. Further studies are necessary to test this instrument in other dermatological conditions.

title: The evaluation of family impact of XXXX using the Italian version of the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['burden of recessive dystrophic EB', 'dystrophic EB']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['EB', 'epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion', 'skin diseases']

answer: @entity4240 :: (MESH:D016108,Disease) :: ['recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the frequency and severity of @entity1109 and health seeking behaviour of @entity1 with @entity1109 attending the General Outpatient Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study in which data was collected from menopausal @entity1 using a three-part, pre-tested questionnaire for a period of three months (July-September 2010). Part 1 consisted of information regarding socio-demographic and general medical information. Part 2 consisted of the modified version of the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ). Part 3 sought for information on their health seeking behaviour. Data was analysed using EPI INFO version 6.04d software package. RESULTS: A total of 385 @entity1 were recruited with ages ranging from 35 to 95 years, and a mean of 58.4    10.39 years. The most prevalent @entity1109 were loss of libido (92.47%), @entity925 (87.53%), joint @entity158 (85.45%) and tiredness (80.26%). Urinary symptoms had the least prevalence (7.79%). Results on the severity of @entity1109 showed that 28.25%, 49.84% and 21.9% were experiencing severe, moderate and mild @entity1109 , respectively. Loss of libido (79.21 %) was the most severe symptom followed by urinary symptoms (40%). The patent drug dealers were the most consulted (51.4%) followed by health workers (44.7%). The traditional healers were consulted by a small percentage (3.8%). CONCLUSION: The most common menopausal symptom among the @entity1 in this study was loss of libido and the least common was urinary symptoms. The symptoms are similar to findings in other parts of the world but their prevalence and severity differ. In spite of the available health facilities in these communities, the utilization of the services of patent drug dealers is still very high but the traditional healers were poorly utilized.

title: Frequency of symptoms and health seeking behaviours of menopausal XXXX in an out- @entity1 clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'menopause rating scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Objectives of this study were to determine the influence of five donor @entity291 diets that differed in source of fiber on true in vitro @entity3918 digestibility of eight forages. Test forages included two alfalfa (31.2 and 38.3% NDF), @entity4336 silage (50.2% NDF), oat forage (48.2% NDF), perennial rye (62.1% NDF), two reed canarygrasses (55.9 and 68.1% NDF), and timothy (68.2% NDF). Sources of fiber in donor @entity291 diets were alfalfa haylage or alfalfa haylage plus either @entity4336 cobs, cottonseed hulls, oat hulls, or soy hulls. In addition, the effect of filtering through sintered glass crucibles or filter paper (two replicates each) was evaluated. There were differences (P < .01) among feeds in in vitro @entity3918 digestibility, but there were no interactions (P > .05) between test forages and either source of fiber in donor diets or filtration method. There was an interaction between source of fiber in the donor diet and method of filtration (P < .01). Samples inoculated with ruminal fluid from @entity291 fed diets with oat hulls or soy hulls had lower (P < .01) in vitro @entity3918 digestibility when filtered on crucibles than on filter paper. Filtration method did not affect (P > .05) in vitro @entity3918 digestibility of samples inoculated with ruminal fluid from other diets. The in vitro @entity3918 digestibility of samples inoculated with ruminal fluid from @entity291 fed alfalfa haylage was less than the in vitro @entity3918 digestibility when other inocula were used. The source of fiber in the donor @entity291 diet and filtration method can affect in vitro @entity3918 digestibility, but relative ranking of forages was unaffected by these variables.

title: Technical note: forage in vitro dry matter digestibility as influenced by fiber source in the donor XXXX diet.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is the general impression that the prevalence of @entity565 is rising. We investigated the prevalence, respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, and lung function in young adults in the City of Copenhagen at an interval of 15 years. METHODS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-35 years were sampled from the general population living in a defined area of central Copenhagen. The first examination took place from 1976 to 1978 and comprised 1,034 subjects. A second sample, comprising 1,104 subjects from the same area was examined 15 years later in 1991-1994. All the @entity1 answered a questionnaire about respiration and a spirometry was performed, with measurement of FEV1 and FVC. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported @entity565 rose from 1.5% in the first survey to 4.8% in the second (p < 0.001). The asthmatics had, on average, poorer lung function than non-asthmatics in terms of FEV1, and this difference was more pronounced in the second survey than in the first. The number of smokers fell significantly from 62% in 1976-1978 to 45% in 1991-1994 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of self-reported @entity565 has risen significantly in young adults in Copenhagen over a 15-year period. The severity, as judged by the level of FEV1, has also increased. These findings cannot be explained by changes in smoking habits.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX among young adults in Copenhagen].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'women']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) triage for acute @entity299 in the primary teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland, is very accurate, but at the cost of very long @entity341 stays. Thus, the authors sought: 1) to determine the impact of the acute @entity299 time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI), incorporated into a computerized electrocardiograph, on length of stay and speed of triage decision making for @entity341 @entity1 presenting with symptoms suggesting acute @entity299 , and 2) to study the ACI-TIPI's impact on physicians of different training levels. DESIGN: A seven-month prospective clinical trial with alternating-month experimental and control periods. SETTING: An urban major teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. @entity1 : @entity1 over the age of 18 years presenting to the @entity341 with @entity662 or other symptoms suggesting acute @entity299 ( @entity583 or unstable @entity951 ). @entity341 physicians, classified as novice (those in their first @entity717 ) and experienced (those in their second or later @entity717 ). @entity1 staying overnight in the @entity341 (n = 111) were excluded from the analysis. INTERVENTION: During the experimental months, the computerized electrocardiograph printed the ACI-TIPI probability of acute @entity299 at the top of each subject's electrocardiogram. During control months, the probability was not provided. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 418 study subjects, for @entity1 with @entity63 seen by novice clinicians, the use of the ACI-TIPI decreased @entity341 time from presentation to triage decision and @entity341 release by 0.7 hour (19%) (p = 0.007). Subgroup analyses for @entity1 with @entity583 , @entity1 with unstable @entity951 , and @entity1 given thrombolytic therapy also showed analogous decreases in @entity341 time consistent with this finding. Other key determinants of @entity341 length of stay included: age, whether the coronary care unit was full, whether @entity1 received thrombolytic therapy, and whether admission was during the night shift. The experimental and control groups did not differ in triage disposition appropriateness or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity341 @entity1 with acute @entity299 evaluated by novice clinicians, the ACI-TIPI substantially speeded @entity341 decision making and triage. The suggestion of an impact on different @entity299 subgroups and mortality deserves further larger clinical trials.

title: Impact of the acute @entity299 time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI) on the speed of triage decision making for emergency department XXXX presenting with @entity662 : a controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ED rotations']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The sexually dimorphic expression of the urinary protein genes of @entity19 ( @entity11005 genes) in the liver is mediated by the different male and female temporal patterns of circulating GH. Normal females were induced to male levels when GH was administered by injection to mimic the male GH pattern, showing that expression at the male level does not require a male sex @entity134 status in addition to intermittent GH. Two @entity11005 -alpha 2u-globulin hybrid transgenes with different @entity11005 gene promoters showed sexually dimorphic expression, and their expression in females increased to male levels upon @entity251 treatment. @entity2338 (lit/lit) @entity19 did not express these transgenes, and @entity2338 females did not respond to @entity251 treatment, showing that GH was required for induction. Both normal and @entity2338 females were induced to male levels when GH was administered by injection. This is the first report of a transgene responsive to GH. A transgene consisting of a @entity11005 promoter fused to a Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase reporter sequence also showed sexual dimorphism, although to a lesser degree. It was expressed at the same level in normal females and @entity2338 @entity19 of both sexes and was induced when @entity2338 @entity19 were treated with GH. We propose that this transgene has a basal constitutive expression, possibly due to the absence of any rodent DNA downstream of the promoter. Since expression of the transgene was significantly induced by GH, the GH response is due at least in part to sequences in the promoter region.

title: Sexual dimorphism and growth hormone regulation of a hybrid gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the role of chest computed tomography as a tool to evaluate @entity9129 , and to describe what abnormalities can be detected using computed tomography and how computed tomography can be used in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Pulmonary function tests are only an indirect measure of lung structure, and are insensitive to localized and early structural abnormalities. Computed tomography is able to detect small areas with localized severe damage. The differentiation between normal and abnormal on computed tomography is relatively easy. In half of cystic @entity82 @entity1 , the information obtained from pulmonary function tests is discordant with the information obtained from computed tomography. SUMMARY: @entity1577 @entity1 @entity55 and @entity281 starting early in life. This leads to irreversible structural @entity358 such as @entity4595 and air trapping. @entity9129 varies widely between @entity1 . The primary aim of therapy is to prevent structural damage and to conserve lung function. Adequate monitoring of @entity9129 is paramount to tailor treatment to a @entity1 's need. Computed tomography is currently the best tool to monitor lung structure, and pulmonary function tests are the best to monitor lung function.

title: Update on the application of chest computed tomography scanning to cystic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis lung disease', 'Cystic fibrosis lung disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['show lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Interspecies interactions and changes in the rate and extent of biodegradation in mixed culture-mixed substrate studies were investigated. A binary mixed culture of @entity33355 and Burkholderia sp. JS150 degraded @entity8336 , @entity3971 , and their mixture. Both @entity8336 and @entity3971 can serve as sole sources of @entity505 and energy for both @entity33355 and strain JS150. To investigate the population dynamics of this system, a fluorescent in-situ hybridization method was chosen because of its ability to produce quantitative data, its low standard error, and the ease of use of this method. When the binary mixed culture was grown on @entity8336 or @entity3971 alone, significant interactions between the species were observed. These interactions could not be explained by a pure-and-simple competition model and were substrate dependent. Strain JS150 growth was slightly inhibited when grown with @entity33355 on @entity3971 , and @entity33355 grew more rapidly than expected. Conversely, when the two species were grown together on @entity8336 alone, @entity33355 was inhibited while strain JS150 was unaffected. During growth of the mixed culture on a combination of @entity8336 and @entity3971 , the interactions were similar to that observed during growth on @entity3971 alone; @entity33355 growth was enhanced while strain JS150 was unaffected. Because of the observed interspecies interactions, monoculture kinetic parameters were not sufficient to describe the mixed culture kinetics in any experiment. This is one of the first reports of microbial population dynamics in which molecular microbial ecology and mathematical modeling have been combined. The use of the 16S-rRNA-based method allowed for observation and understanding of interspecies interactions that were not observable with standard culture-based methods. These results suggest the need for more investigations that account for both substrate and microbial interactions when predicting the fate of organic pollutants in real systems.

title: Use of 16S-rRNA to investigate microbial population dynamics during biodegradation of @entity8336 and XXXX by a binary culture.

entities_list: @entity33355 :: ('351746', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida F1', 'P. putida F1']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is less invasive and more tissue sparing than extirpative techniques, with an assumed benefit of diminished @entity282 . Oral opioids are commonly prescribed after sinus surgery but are associated with adverse effects, including @entity16 . Nonopioid analgesics have been suggested to offer similar @entity158 control efficacy with fewer adverse effects. STUDY DESIGN: To investigate postoperative analgesia in FESS, a prospective randomized, double-blinded comparison of @entity1287 / @entity1443 7.5/750 mg (an opioidderivative) with @entity13586 50 mg (a @entity3840 inhibitor) was performed. METHODS: Forty subjects were enrolled, of which 28 successfully completed the study. Subjects recorded peak @entity158 levels and requirement for rescue analgesia on the day of surgery and for 4 days thereafter. On postoperative day 5, subjects completed an exit survey in which adverse effects and overall satisfaction with @entity158 control were recorded. RESULTS: In this study, there were no statistical differences in peak @entity158 levels between the groups at any point in the postoperative period, regardless of extent of surgery. Adverse effect profiles were also similar for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of nonopioid analgesics after FESS may provide similar @entity158 control to oral opioids.

title: XXXX versus @entity1287 / @entity1443 for postoperative analgesia in functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['Rofecoxib']


abstract: The @entity1 placenta produces several hypophysiotropic factors that participate in the control of local hormone secretion. In particular, previous reports showed that inhibin and @entity723 modulate both @entity1176 release and hormonal effect in cultured @entity1 placental cells. The present study evaluated the possible correlations among the synthesis and cellular distribution of inhibin, @entity723 , and @entity1176 in placental villi at term. mRNA coding for @entity11225 - and beta A-subunits and @entity1176 were localized in @entity1 placenta at term by in situ hybridization using the corresponding cDNA probes. Autoradiograms revealed that some placental cells express @entity11225 - and beta A-subunit and @entity1176 mRNAs. A common localization of the three hormonal mRNAs has been found in the inner part of the villi. Using affinity-purified polyclonal antisera, immunocytochemical studies confirmed that in placental villi at term, immunoreactive @entity11225 - and beta A-subunits and @entity1176 had a distribution that was superimposable in several areas. Both the outer layer and the inner trophoblasts contained immunoreactive hormonal products. The present data show that some placental cells at term can produce and release inhibin, @entity723 , and/or @entity1176 . This complement of hypophysiotropic factors may, thus, represent a local paracrine/autocrine control mechanism within the placenta.

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, inhibin, and XXXX in @entity1 placenta: evidence for a common cellular localization.

answer: @entity723 :: (83729,Gene) :: ['activin']


abstract: The two glycosylation sites ( @entity2734 142 and @entity2734 177) were observed in the HA of most @entity1 seasonal @entity683 viruses, while none in pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A (pH1N1) viruses. We investigated the effect of the two glycosylation sites on viral virulence and pathogenicity in @entity19 using recombinant pH1N1. The H1N1/144 and H1N1/177 mutants which gained potential glycosylation sites @entity2734 142 and @entity2734 177 on HA respectively were generated from A/Mexico/4486/2009(H1N1) by site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics, the same as the H1N1/144+177 gained both glycosylation sites @entity2734 142 and @entity2734 177. The biological characteristics and antigenicity of the mutants were compared with wild-type pH1N1. The virulence and pathogenicity of recombinants were also detected in @entity19 . Our results showed that HA antigenicity and viral affinity for receptor may change with introduction of the glycosylation sites. Compared with wild-type pH1N1, the mutant H1N1/177 displayed an equivalent virus titer in @entity1573 embryos and @entity19 , and increased virulence and pathogenicity in @entity19 . The H1N1/144 displayed the highest virus titer in @entity19 lung. However, the H1N1/144+177 displayed the most serious @entity32 and pathogenicity in infected @entity19 . The introduction of the glycosylation sites @entity2734 144 and @entity2734 177 resulted in the enhancement on virulence and pathogenicity of pH1N1 in @entity19 , and was also associated with the change of HA antigenicity and the viral affinity for receptor.

title: Glycosylation on hemagglutinin affects the virulence and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to determine the erosive @entity3356 (ETW) status of institutionalized @entity1 for @entity285 misuse rehabilitation therapy in the north of Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study, conducted on 277 individuals (83.4  % @entity1 ) with an average age of 43.6      8.4  years, institutionalized at @entity46219 (IDT-Norte). ETW prevalence and severity were assessed by Eccles and Jenkins index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify ETW risk factors. Subjects with ETW risk identification according to biological and behavioral exposure were determined in the study. RESULTS: ETW prevalence was 98.6  %. In the cohort, 51.3  % showed localized ETW lesions, 40.1  % generalized ETW lesions, and 7.2  % enamel ETW lesions, more frequently localized in maxilla. From the examined dental surfaces (n  =  15,598), 11,493 had @entity75 : 92.4  % (95  % CI 91.7-93.1  %) of all occlusal surfaces, 71.9  % (95  % CI 70.7-73.1  %) of all palatal/lingual, and 56.7  % (95  % CI 55.4-58.1  %) of all buccal surfaces. Buccal and lingual surfaces showed 43.2 and 41.8  % enamel @entity75 ; occlusal surfaces had 43.4  % localized @entity75 in dentin. The main ETW risk factors were as follows: age, @entity354 over 1  year, daily intake of @entity285 >= 240  g (grams), and intra-oral location in anterior region; 46.2  % of the @entity1 had erosive risk by exposure to biological and behavioral factors. CONCLUSIONS: The ETW status showed high values for disease prevalence and severity, mainly located in the maxilla, and high frequency of @entity75 at occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces, resulting from simultaneous exposure to several risk factors. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: For ETW differential diagnosis, the association of both clinical and biological/nutritional/behavioral risk factors should be done for each studied population.

title: Erosive XXXX status of institutionalized alcoholic @entity1 under rehabilitation therapy in the north of Portugal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity46219 :: ('MESH:C535675', 'Disease') :: ['Instituto da Droga e Toxicodepend  ncia-Delega    o Regional Norte']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['tooth wear']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erosive wear lesions']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity3356 :: (MESH:D057085,Disease) :: ['tooth wear']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the effectiveness of sonographically guided injections of @entity1602 dextrose at reducing the @entity158 associated with @entity3444 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Ultrasound division of St Paul's Hospital. @entity1 : 20 referrals (3 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ; age 51 (SD 13) years) from local sports medicine primary care practitioners who had failed previous conservative treatments. INTERVENTIONS: A 27-gauge needle administered a 25% @entity413 / @entity3303 solution under sonographic guidance at 6 week intervals returning for a median of three consultations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analogue scale (VAS) items for @entity158 levels at rest (VAS1), activities of daily living (VAS2), and during or after physical activity (VAS3) were recorded at baseline and at the final treatment consultation (post-test). A telephone interview conducted an average of 11.8 months after the post-test consultation provided a measure of long-term follow-up. RESULTS: 16 @entity1 reported a good to excellent outcome, while the symptoms in 4 @entity1 were unchanged. There was a significant decrease (p<0.001) in all mean VAS items from pre-test to post-test: VAS1 (36.8 (SD 25.6) to 10.3 (10.9)), VAS2 (74.7 (20.8) to 25.0 (27.7)) and VAS3 (91.6 (9.2) to 38.7 (35.1)) and there were no apparent changes after the follow-up interview. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided dextrose injections showed a good clinical response in @entity1 with @entity3444 insofar as @entity158 was reduced during rest and activity. Further studies including a control group are needed to validate these outcomes.

title: Sonographically guided intratendinous injections of @entity1602 dextrose/ XXXX : a pilot study for the treatment of @entity3444 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaints of @entity221 , coughing, and @entity1353 . A chest X-ray film revealed infiltrates in both upper lung fields. A specimen was obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy and @entity9757 was diagnosed. The @entity1 ' s condition improved after the start of corticosteroid therapy. A relapse occurred, and @entity228 therapy was again successful. Because an environmental provocation test was positive, allergological examinations were done. An intradermal test for sensitivity to candida was positive, as was a test for precipitation of antibodies to candida. In addition, an inhalation provocation test with candida antigen was positive. Therefore, @entity566 to candida was believed to have caused this @entity1 's symptoms. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done three times. Eosinophils predominated in the first sample, but lymphocytes predominated in the last two. This raises the possibility that @entity9757 and @entity3616 might change into each other.

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity566 to candida and with changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: Specimens from 32 @entity75 that were inoculated on media supportive for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria showed bacterial growth. Only aerobic or facultative bacteria were recovered in 15 (47%) specimens, only anaerobic bacteria in 11 (34%) specimens, and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 6 (18%) specimens. A total of 57 isolates, 31 anaerobes (1.0 per specimen) and 26 aerobes (0.8 per specimen) were recovered. The predominant isolates were @entity1793 sp. (19 isolates), Peptostreptococcus sp. (15), and @entity5478 sp. (10). Twelve (37.5%) of the comedones yielded only one organism. This retrospective study highlighted the polymicrobial nature of over two-thirds of culture positive @entity75 and suggests the potential for pathogenic role of aerobic and anaerobic organisms other than @entity5478 and @entity1793 sp. in @entity5477 .

title: The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pustular acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['P. acnes', 'Propionibacterium']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['pustular acne lesions']


abstract: Systemic and microcirculatory effects of autologous whole blood resuscitation after 4-h @entity548 with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) level of 40 mmHg were investigated in 63 conscious @entity329 . Microcirculation of skeletal skin muscle and subcutaneous connective tissue was visualized in a dorsal skinfold. Shed blood was retransfused within 30 min after 4 h. Animals were grouped into survivors in good (SG) and poor condition (SP) and nonsurvivors (NS) according to 24-h outcome after resuscitation and studied before shock, during shock (60, 120, and 240 min), and 30 min and 24 h after resuscitation. Microvascular and interstitial @entity4095 values were determined by phosphorescence decay. Shock caused a significant increase of arterial @entity4095 and decrease of PCO2, pH, and base excess. In the microcirculation, there was a significant decrease in blood flow (QB), @entity177 ( @entity177 ; capillaries with red blood cell flow), and interstitial @entity4095 [1.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg (SG), 1.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg (SP), and 0.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg (NS) vs. 23.0 +/- 6.1 mmHg at control]. Blood resuscitation caused immediate MAP recompensation in all animals, whereas @entity520 , @entity10441 , and a significant interstitial @entity4095 decrease (40-60% of control) persisted. In NS (44.4% of the animals), systemic and microcirculatory alterations were significantly more severe both in shock and after resuscitation than in survivors. Whereas in SG (31.8% of the animals) there was only a slight (15-30%) but still significant impairment of microscopic tissue perfusion (QB, @entity177 ) and oxygenation at 24 h, SP (23.8% of the animals) showed severe @entity520 and substantial decreases (>/=50%) of @entity177 and interstitial @entity4095 . @entity177 , interstitial @entity4095 , and metabolic state were the main determinants of shock outcome.

title: Systemic and microcirculatory effects of autologous whole blood resuscitation in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional capillary density', 'FCD']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: The presence of a high molecular weight antifertility factor in @entity1 seminal plasma was established. The factor can be precipitated by centrifugation at 104 000 g. Its activity is maximal when the protein concentration reaches 150 micrograms/10(5) spermatozoa using the @entity19 in-vitro fertilization assay as the test system. The factor is heat labile but its activity is not affected by dialysis. It prevents the penetration of the spermatozoa through the layers surrounding the egg but has no effect on the fusion of the spermatozoa with the vitelline membrane. The factor is only partly removed from spermatozoa by washing but is completely dispersed when the spermatozoa are incubated in capacitation medium. The pellet that is precipitated from the seminal plasma does not contain any particles or vesicles. However, it is significantly contaminated with low molecular weight material. This material includes the @entity46765 which is present in large enough quantities to hinder fertilization. Washing the pellet twice with @entity2507 removes these low molecular weight compounds, as indicated by the absence of the @entity12169 inhibitor, but has no effect on the antifertility properties of the pellet. Therefore, before further study or purification of the factor, it is essential that the pellet is washed such low molecular weight material. The washed pellet consists of at least 7 components as judged by disc gel electrophoresis.

title: A high molecular weight antifertility factor from XXXX seminal plasma.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We observed small spots at the margin of @entity189 on endorectal ultrasonography. Our aim was to study the relationship between ultrasonographic evidence of these spots and histologic characteristics of disease and postoperative recurrence. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group comprised 55 @entity1 , 36 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , with @entity189 as confirmed by biopsy. The @entity1 were followed up at three-month intervals for six months to three years and six months after the operation. Endorectal ultrasonography was performed in the usual manner. Surgically resected specimens were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and histologically examined. Vessel invasion was graded from 0 (not invasive) to 3 (most invasive). RESULTS: Among the 55 @entity1 studied, 3 had Stage T2,N0,M0 @entity189 and 35 had Stage T3,N0,M0 @entity189 , 5 (14.3 percent) of whom had echographic evidence of small spots. Thirteen @entity1 had Stage T3,N1/2,M0 @entity189 , comprising 12 (92.3 percent) with small spots, and four @entity1 had T3,N1/2, @entity189 , all with small spots. Vessel invasion of Grade 2 or higher was observed around the @entity189 in 20 of 21 @entity1 who had small spots. Ten of 13 @entity1 with many spots at the margin of the @entity189 (a spot grade of ++) histologically had marked venous or lymphatic invasion (an invasion Grade 3). The presence of small spots was closely associated with massive venous or lymphatic invasion (a vessel invasion grade of 2 or more). Four @entity1 had synchronous liver @entity3 , and small spots were found in all four. Distant @entity3 and local recurrence were found in 11 of 21 @entity1 with small spots. We found no recurrence in any @entity1 without small spots on endorectal ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Small spots indicate the presence of massive venous or lymphatic invasion and a high risk of postoperative recurrence.

title: Small spot sign of XXXX by endorectal ultrasonography: histologic relation and clinical impact on postoperative recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'M1 carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: Growth factors such as nerve growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are known to induce @entity158 sensitization. However, a plethora of other growth factors is released during @entity32 and tissue regeneration, and many of them are essential for wound healing. Which wound-healing factors also alter the sensitivity of nociceptive neurons is not well known. We studied the wound-healing factor, @entity664 ( @entity664 ), for its role in @entity158 sensitization. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the receptor of @entity664 , @entity10702 , is expressed in lumbar @entity35 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We demonstrated presence of @entity10702 protein in DRG neurons by a recently introduced quantitative automated immunofluorescent microscopic technique. @entity10702 was expressed in all lumbar DRG neurons as quantified by mixture modeling. Corroborating the mRNA and protein expression data, @entity664 induced @entity2508 phosphorylation in nociceptive neurons, which could be blocked by inhibition of FGF receptors. Furthermore, @entity664 activated @entity2508 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using single-cell electrophysiological recordings, we found that @entity664 treatment of DRG neurons increased the current-density of @entity14865 channels. @entity2508 inhibitors abrogated this increase. Importantly, intradermal injection of @entity664 in @entity35 induced @entity2508 -dependent @entity1931 . PERSPECTIVE: Analyzing intracellular signaling dynamics in nociceptive neurons has proven to be a powerful approach to identify novel modulators of @entity158 . In addition to describing a new sensitizing factor, our findings indicate the potential to investigate wound-healing factors for their role in nociception.

title: Wound-healing growth factor, basic FGF, induces @entity2508 -dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing kidney transplantation often suffer from @entity101 and @entity453 , for which perioperative treatment with @entity594 proved to be effective. If @entity460 -channel blockers and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are used simultaneously, their synergistic effect at the neuromuscular cleft must be considered. On the other hand because of its extrarenal elimination no significantly altered effects are expected for @entity1 with @entity177 . This prospective study comprised 30 @entity1 undergoing kidney transplantation who were 2 kg over normal weight after a preoperative dialysis and infusion of lactated Ringer solution. Fifteen minutes after introduction of balanced anaesthesia with @entity5161 , @entity3810 and @entity3575 , @entity1 were assigned to the treatment group (N) with @entity101 (mean arterial pressure (MAP > 110 mmHg) and subsequent management with @entity594 or to the control group (0). Treatment was aimed at keeping MAP between 90 and 110 mmHg. The neuromuscular status was electromyographically assessed by the train-of-four-principle. There were evaluated the duration of action of the initial dose of @entity5159 (0.5 mg/kg) from injection time to T1 = 2% (WZ 2), the dose of @entity5159 for a continuous @entity4094 (DD 98 in mg/kg/h), the recovery time and the recovery index. Fourteen @entity1 with @entity101 received a bolus of 10 micrograms/kg @entity594 . A significant reduction in blood pressure (p < 0.05) to the desired range was achieved by a subsequent infusion of @entity594 of 5 to 40 micrograms/kg/h. In 16 @entity1 MAP was kept between 90 and 100 mmHg without any additional therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Anesthesia for renal transplantation: continuous @entity4094 with @entity5159 and the management of intraoperative @entity101 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) are important gut signaling hormones, influencing lipid, @entity413 , and energy homeostasis. The exact mechanisms behind these effects are not yet fully understood. Lately, they have come to the fore as putative therapeutics in @entity209 , such as e.g. @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). We elucidate to what extent @entity7902 impacts on the mRNAome and microRNAome in hepatocytes to gather novel insights into the mechanisms behind metabolic and toxicologic effects of @entity3645 . MAIN METHODS: Five batches of primary @entity1 hepatocytes were treated with 50 mol/l @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) for 24 or 48h. Total RNA was extracted, size fractionated and subjected to Next Generation Sequencing to generate mRNA and miRNA profiles. KEY FINDINGS: Expression of 738 genes and 52 miRNAs were @entity13656 dependently decreased, whereas 1566 genes and 29 miRNAs were significantly increased in hepatocytes. Distinct gene clusters controlling BA and lipid homeostasis (FGF(R), @entity16066 and FABP family members, @entity29536 ) and drug metabolism (CYP, @entity6900 and SULT family members) were significantly modulated by @entity13656 . Importantly, @entity13656 affected distinct microRNAs, including @entity7762 , -505, -885, -1260 and -552 that systematically correlated in expression with gene clusters responsible for @entity6741 , lipid and drug homeostasis incorporating genes, such as e.g. @entity6906 , @entity38520 , @entity30361 , @entity5321 , @entity4914 , @entity16066 family members and @entity16389 . SIGNIFICANCE: @entity3645 significantly modulate metabolic and drug associated gene networks that are connected to distinct shifts in the microRNAome These findings give novel insights on how BA enfold metabolic and system toxic effects.

title: @entity10140 significantly impacts the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in lipid, @entity6741 and drug metabolism in XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity6596 -mediated free radical generation from @entity462 , @entity2361 , @entity273 , and model lipid @entity8415 was investigated utilizing the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique. Incubation of @entity6596 with @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) generated @entity6954 radical. Radical yield depended on the relative concentrations of @entity6596 and @entity2569 . The radical generation became detectable at a @entity462 : @entity6596 ratio of about 5, reached its highest level at a ratio of 30, and declined thereafter. @entity6596 or @entity2569 alone did not generate a detectable amount of free radicals. Similar results were obtained with @entity2361 . Incubation of @entity6596 , @entity2569 or @entity2361 and @entity274 led to @entity3787 (. @entity2145 ) radical generation, which was verified by quantitative competition experiments utilizing @entity1068 . The mechanism for . @entity2145 radical generation is considered to be a @entity6596 -mediated Fenton-like reaction. When model lipid @entity8415 such as @entity2469 and @entity2470 were used in place of @entity274 , @entity273 -derived free radicals were produced. Since @entity1433 , such as @entity2569 , exist in cellular systems at relatively high concentrations, @entity6596 -mediated free radical generation in the presence of @entity1433 may participate in the mechanisms of @entity6596 -induced @entity137 and @entity105 .

title: Chromate-mediated free radical generation from @entity462 , @entity2361 , XXXX , and lipid @entity8415 .

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2470 :: ('MESH:C007164', 'Chemical') :: ['cumene hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between rheumatoid factor isotypes and articular damage detected by magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiography in early @entity309 . METHODS: 20 consecutive @entity1 with early active @entity309 underwent determinations of serum IgM, IgA, and IgG rheumatoid factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plain radiographs of the hands and wrists were obtained, and the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints on the more severely affected side were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging before and after @entity7241 injection. RESULTS: IgM, IgA, and IgG rheumatoid factors were found in 13 (65%), 13 (65%), and 15 (75%) of @entity1 , respectively. Sera from five @entity1 (25%) contained no detectable rheumatoid factor isotypes. Correlations were found among the levels of the three rheumatoid factor isotypes. Levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM rheumatoid factor were significantly higher in @entity1 with than without @entity2681 on magnetic resonance imaging scans. No such difference was found when @entity1 with and without @entity2681 on plain radiographs were compared. Magnetic resonance imaging detected soft tissue lesions more frequently than plain radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging was also more likely than plain radiography to show @entity79 and @entity2001 , but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative rheumatoid factor isotype assays and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of @entity2681 of the hand and wrist may be useful for investigating @entity1 with early @entity309 .

title: Relationship of rheumatoid factor isotype levels with joint lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['bone cysts']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for @entity263 reduces rectal and bladder dose, but increases dose to the femoral necks. We assessed the risk of @entity173 and @entity158 in @entity1 treated with @entity34 for @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2006 to 2008, 382 @entity1 were treated for @entity263 and evaluated at six-month intervals after @entity34 for @entity137 at University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute (UFPTI). The WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) generated annual @entity173 risk for the cohort. The WHO FRAX tool was utilized to generate the expected number of @entity1 with @entity173 and the observed-to-expected ratio; confidence intervals and p-value were generated with the mid-P exact test. Univariate analysis of @entity158 as a function of several prognostic factors was accomplished with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Median follow-up was four years (range, 0.1-5.5 years). Per FRAX, 3.02 @entity1 were expected to develop a @entity173 without @entity34 . Three @entity34 @entity1 actually developed @entity174 for a rate of 0.21 @entity174 per 100 @entity1 -years of follow-up. There was an observed-expected ratio of 0.99 (p-value not significant). Forty-eight @entity1 (13%) reported new @entity158 in the hip during follow-up; three required prescription analgesics. CONCLUSION: @entity34 for @entity263 did not increase @entity173 in the first four years after @entity34 compared to expected rates in untreated @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity158 following proton therapy for management of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip-fracture', 'hip-fractures', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Proton therapy', 'PT']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Hip fractures']