abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) has been widely used by @entity1 with @entity454 . However, chronic exposure of the peritoneal membrane to bioincompatible @entity298 solutions, and @entity298 and uraemia during long-term dialysis result in peritoneal membrane injury and thereby contribute to membrane changes, ultrafiltration (UF) failure, inadequate dialysis and technical failure. Therefore, preserving the peritoneal membrane is important to maintain the efficacy of @entity298 . This article reviews the current literature on therapeutic agents for preserving the peritoneal membrane. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed was conducted using the search terms peritoneal @entity82 , @entity2976 , membrane, integrity, preserve, therapy and peritoneal dialysis, but not including @entity298 . Published clinical trials, in  vitro studies, experimental trials in animal models, meta-analyses and review articles were identified and reviewed for relevance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We focus on understanding how factors cause peritoneal membrane changes, the characteristics and mechanisms of peritoneal membrane changes in @entity1 undergoing @entity298 and the types of therapeutic agents for peritoneal membrane preservation. There have been many investigations into the preservation of the peritoneal membrane, including @entity298 solution improvement, the inhibition of cytokine and growth factor expression using renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) blockade, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), @entity6211 and @entity2226 additives. In addition, there are potential future therapeutic agents that are still in experimental investigations. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The efficacy of many of the therapeutic agents is uncertain because there are insufficient good-quality clinical studies. Overall membrane preservation and @entity1 survival remain unproven in using more biocompatible @entity298 solutions. With RAAS blockade, results are still inconclusive, as many of the clinical studies were retrospective. With GAGs, @entity6211 and @entity2226 additives, there is no sufficiently long follow-up clinical study with a large sample size to support its efficacy. Therefore, better quality clinical studies within this area should be performed.

title: Preserving the peritoneal membrane in long-term peritoneal dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The putative gene (ygcM) of @entity526 was verified in vitro to encode the ortholog of @entity62047 synthase ( @entity47220 ). Unexpectedly, the enzyme was found to convert @entity24268 to @entity66773 without any cofactors. The enzymatic product @entity66773 was identified by HPLC and mass spectrometry analyses, suggesting a novel activity of the enzyme to cleave the C6 side chain of @entity24268 . The optimal activity occurred at pH 6.5-7.0. The reaction rate increased up to 3.2-fold at 60-80 degrees C, reflecting the thermal stability of the enzyme. The reaction required no metal ion and was activated slightly by low concentrations (1-5 mM) of @entity1098 . The apparent K(m) value for @entity24268 was determined as 0.92 mM and the V(max) value was 151.3 nmol/min/mg. The new catalytic function of @entity526 @entity47220 does not imply any physiological role, because @entity24268 is not an endogenous substrate of the organism. The same activity, however, was also detected in a @entity47220 ortholog of @entity324 but not significant in @entity238 and @entity1 enzymes, suggesting that the activity may be prevalent in bacterial @entity47220 orthologs.

title: @entity526 @entity62047 synthase ortholog encoded by ygcM has a new catalytic activity for conversion of @entity24268 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24268 :: ('MESH:C016727', 'Chemical') :: ['sepiapterin']

entities_list: @entity66773 :: ('MESH:C025596', 'Chemical') :: ['7,8-dihydropterin']

entities_list: @entity62047 :: ('MESH:C045652', 'Chemical') :: ['6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity324 :: ('1148', 'Species') :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity66773 :: (MESH:C025596,Chemical) :: ['7,8-dihydropterin']


abstract: beta-Lactamase-producing (BL+), @entity4028 -resistant (AR) @entity797 is endemic in our hospital, having caused widespread colonization and @entity281 . Suitable therapy for @entity281 caused by these organisms has been problematic. We compared the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities, by broth macrodilution and time-kill methods, of several antibiotics, alone and in combination, against BL+, AR isolates of @entity797 and determined the transmissibility of antibiotic resistance markers. @entity869 - @entity5899 , @entity2892 , @entity13757 , and @entity2177 were the most active antibiotics with MICs for 90% of isolates tested of 2, 1, 2, and 1 microgram/ml, respectively, against inocula of 10(3) and 10(5) CFU/ml. Little inoculum effect was noted with @entity2892 , @entity2176 , @entity13757 , or @entity2177 , while the addition of @entity5899 to @entity869 partially inhibited the effect of the increased inoculum. @entity114 - @entity5899 and @entity869 - @entity5899 combinations in a 2:1 ratio were most frequently bactericidal (greater than or equal to 3-log10-unit decrease in bacterial titers at 24 h for 13 of 20 isolates), followed by @entity13757 (8 of 20 isolates) and @entity2177 (2 of 20 isolates). Bactericidal activity was not demonstrated for @entity2892 or teicoplanin. beta-Lactamase production and @entity4028 resistance were associated with a 60- to 65-MDa plasmid which was easily transferred to a plasmid-free @entity797 recipient. The 840-bp beta-lactamase gene probe hybridized to purified plasmid DNA from BL+ donor isolates of @entity797 and transconjugants but not from BL- isolates. @entity869 - @entity5899 and @entity13757 (an investigational antibiotic) seem to be reasonable choices for the empiric therapy of presumed @entity281 in hospitals in which BL+, AR @entity797 strains are isolated. Their use should ideally be supported by tests for bactericidal activity.

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase-producing, XXXX -resistant isolates of @entity797 .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex the function of which is to add telomeric repeats (TTAGGG)(n) to chromosomal ends, and it is known to play an important role in cellular immortalization. Telomerase is highly active in most @entity5 cells, yet not in normal cells. As such, it may have possible applications in @entity5 gene therapy. Telomerase consists of two essential components, telomerase RNA template ( @entity7066 ) and catalytic subunit ( @entity2215 ). @entity2215 is expressed only in cells and tissues positive for telomerase activity, i.e., @entity5 and fetal cells. We here tested the possibility of the utilization of the @entity2215 promoter in targeted @entity5 gene therapy. We cloned the @entity2215 promoter in the replace of the @entity2834 promoter and sub-cloned HSV-TK gene to be controlled by @entity2215 gene promoter in adenovirus shuttle plasmid. Then we constructed recombinant adenovirus Ad-hT-TK, and infected them into normal and @entity1 gynecological @entity5 cell lines. Through these experiments, we identified the selective @entity5 specific cell death by Ad-hT-TK. Furthermore, FACS analysis and TUNEL assay suggests that the reduced viability is mediated through the induction of apoptosis, indicating that this approach may be a useful method for suppressing @entity5 growth in targeted @entity5 gene therapy. These results show that Ad-hT-TK could be used for gynecological @entity5 gene therapy.

title: Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy using the @entity1 @entity2215 ( XXXX ) gene promoter induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['hTERT']


abstract: This paper presents the experience of King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with @entity263 @entity1 seen over a period of more than ten years (1986-1997). Fifty-five @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of @entity263 were identified at KAUH during this period. Forty-seven presented primarily to KAUH and eight were referred from other centers for management and/or follow-up. Data analyzed included age at presentation, ethnic origin, mode of presentation, result of digital rectal examination (DRE), results of serum @entity5 markers, prostatic acid phosphatase, or prostatic specific antigen (PSA), results of transrectal ultrasonographic scan of the prostate (TRUS), methods and results of prostate biopsy, pathological grade of the @entity5 tissues, the clinical staging, and finally the type of treatment used. The average age at presentation was 68.8 years. Forty-one @entity1 were white, six were black and the ethnic origin was not determined in eight @entity1 . The main clinical presentation was by symptoms of @entity1069 in 36 @entity1 (65%). DRE revealed @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) in 31 @entity1 (56%) and suspicion of @entity5 in 24 (44%). Of the @entity1 with @entity263 , 27 had PSA measurements, elevated above 20 ng/mL in 17 (63%). The tissues were obtained from the prostate by needle biopsy in 30 @entity1 (transperineal approach in 17 and TRUS-guided in 13 @entity1 ), prostatectomy in 17 @entity1 (open in one, and transurethral prostatic resection in 16 @entity1 ), and unspecified method in eight @entity1 . TRUS performed on 18 @entity1 showed hypoechoic nodules indicative of @entity5 in 11 @entity1 and @entity1067 or normal in seven @entity1 . Clinical staging revealed 15 (27%) in stage A, 5 (9%) in stage B, 5 (9%) in stage C and 30 (55%) in stage D. During this period no retropubic radical prostatectomy operation aimed at curing @entity263 was performed at KAUH, while bilateral orchiectomy for control of metastatic disease was done for 12 @entity1 , and 18 @entity1 received endocrine therapy.

title: XXXX : Experience at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatism']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostatic cancer', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: Current literature proposes relative and absolute indications for surgical treatment of @entity174 in adults. However, few studies have evaluated these @entity174 in @entity1 . The current study examined short- and long-term outcomes of pediatric @entity1 with displaced @entity174 . Outcomes assessed included radiographic healing, full active range of motion, and return to activity. The authors' hypothesis was that open reduction and internal fixation of displaced @entity174 would lead to better outcomes than nonoperative treatment. The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of pediatric @entity1 treated for @entity174 between January 2001 and October 2011. The nonoperative group included 32 @entity1 , and the operative group included 46 @entity1 . Mean time to return to activity was 12.24 weeks in the nonoperative group and 12.70 weeks in the operative group (P=.67). Mean time to full active range of motion was 7.85 weeks in the nonoperative group and 8.74 weeks in the operative group (P=.24). Mean time to radiographic evidence of healing was 12.02 weeks in the nonoperative group and 11.90 weeks in the operative group (P=.90). Average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was 0.04 in the nonoperative group (range, 0-0.08) and 1.17 in the operative group (range, 0-8.3), with no significant difference between groups. No significant difference between operative treatment and nonoperative treatment was found in any of the authors' outcome measures. Thus, the authors propose that unless the @entity1 's injury is an absolute indication for surgery, conservative management provides equivalent immediate and long-term clinical results. [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(2):e135-e138.].

title: Outcomes of operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'clavicle fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicle fractures']


abstract: We report on a 11-year-old @entity1 with bilateral @entity850 , hypothelia, @entity393 , recurrent @entity4578 , @entity135 , @entity851 , and @entity4242 . Only three individuals with @entity16453 from a consanguineous family have been reported. One of the @entity1 also had hypoplastic nipples, @entity2421 , and delay in speech development. Similar clinical features were seen in two @entity1 reported by Greenberg [1987: Am J Med Genet 28:931-934] and Wilson et al. [1998: Am J Med Genet 75:220-222]. They were prenatally exposed to @entity3937 because of @entity2743 . Neck @entity292 and @entity4242 noted in our @entity1 were not previously reported as features of the syndrome or in the @entity1 prenataly exposed to @entity3937 . Our @entity1 and those reported by Qazi et al. [1982: Am J Med Genet 13:413-416] most probably have a rare syndrome characterized by this distinctive combination of symptoms. Prenatal exposure to @entity3937 can cause a phenocopy of the syndrome, which was probably the case in the @entity1 reported by Greenberg and Wilson et al.

title: @entity850 , hypothelia, deafness, recurrent @entity4578 , XXXX , @entity851 , and @entity4242 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck fistulas']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['maternal Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['choanal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryocystitis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck fistulas']


abstract: The @entity3035 hormone @entity2493 is synthesized and released by photoreceptors during the night within the @entity1573 retina, and confers timing information to modulate retinal physiology. Three subtypes of @entity2493 receptor with nearly identical pharmacological profiles have been described in @entity1573 and are present in the retina. In this study, the spatial localization and temporal pattern of the mRNA for each of these receptors within the retina are described. The localization and rhythmicity of receptor mRNA were analyzed using in situ hybridization and RNase protection assay, respectively, with probes against specific @entity377 sequences encoding these receptors. @entity66680 and @entity66681 mRNA have similar patterns of expression, primarily in the inner segments of photoreceptors, vitread portion of the inner nuclear layer, and in the retinal ganglion cell layer. @entity66682 mRNA is expressed at higher levels in the retina, with expression in photoreceptors, throughout the inner nuclear layer, and in the ganglion cell layer. @entity66680 mRNA is rhythmic in both light:dark (LD) cycles and in constant darkness ( @entity336 ); @entity66680 peaks during midday and mid-subjective day, respectively. @entity66681 mRNA is also rhythmically expressed in LD, but with a lower amplitude, such that transcript is high during the day and low during the night. In @entity336 , @entity66681 rhythms become 180 deg out of phase with a slight increase at night. @entity66682 mRNA expression was highly variable and arrhythmic.

title: XXXX receptor mRNA localization and rhythmicity in the retina of the domestic @entity1573 , @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity3035 :: ('CHEBI:28626', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleamine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In our companion article, we examined the role of @entity5001 -dependent signaling in @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption in @entity19 lacking key components of this inflammatory pathway and observed differential effects on drinking. Here, we studied the role of these same signaling components in the acute sedative, intoxicating, and physiological effects of @entity167 . @entity1990 ( @entity1990 ) has been reported to strongly reduce the duration of @entity167 -induced sedation, although most studies do not support its direct involvement in @entity167 consumption. We examined @entity1990 and other @entity5001 pathway molecules to determine signaling specificity in acute @entity167 -related behaviors. We also studied other GABAergic sedatives to gauge the @entity167 specificity and potential role for @entity1246 in @entity167 's sedative and intoxicating effects in the mutant @entity19 . METHODS: Loss of righting reflex (LORR) and recovery from motor incoordination were studied following acute injection of @entity167 or other sedative drugs in male and female control C57BL/6J @entity19 versus @entity19 lacking @entity5751 , @entity8932 , @entity1990 (C57BL/10ScN), or @entity5001 . We also examined @entity167 -induced @entity2332 and blood @entity167 clearance in these @entity19 . RESULTS: Male and female @entity19 lacking @entity1990 or @entity5001 showed reduced duration of @entity167 -induced LORR and faster recovery from @entity167 -induced motor incoordination in the rotarod test. @entity5001 knockout @entity19 had slightly faster recovery from @entity167 -induced @entity2332 compared to control @entity19 . None of the mutants differed from control @entity19 in the rate of blood @entity167 clearance. All of the mutants showed similar decreases in the duration of @entity14916 -induced LORR, but only @entity19 lacking @entity1990 were less sensitive to the sedative effects of @entity4485 . Faster recovery from @entity3175 -induced @entity73 was observed in @entity5751 , @entity1990 , and @entity5001 null @entity19 of both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1990 and @entity5001 were key mediators of the sedative and intoxicating effects of @entity167 and GABAergic sedatives, indicating a strong influence of @entity1990 - @entity5001 signaling on GABAergic function. Despite the involvement of @entity1990 in @entity167 's acute behaviors, it did not regulate @entity167 consumption in any drinking model as shown in our companion article. Collectively, our studies demonstrate differential effects of TLR- @entity5001 components in the acute versus chronic actions of @entity167 .

title: Sedative and Motor Incoordination Effects of @entity1068 in XXXX Lacking @entity5751 , @entity8932 , @entity1990 , or @entity5001 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity14916 :: ('MESH:C015542', 'Chemical') :: ['gaboxadol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Provide the initial endoscopic experience in the placing of the Montgomery salivary bypass tube (MSBT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective study in 7 @entity1 in the Digestive System Unit of EsSALUD Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins in Lima-Peru from November 2003 to January 2006. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 34.68 years (2 years, 8 months - 76 years); 85.1% were male, 71.4% required hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit. In 5 @entity1 , the MSBT indications were some kind of @entity292 in the esophagus, and @entity850 in 2 @entity1 , one crichopharyngeal and the other gastric transposition with @entity254 in the cervical esophagus. The endoscopic help for the placing of the MSBT was required in 81.8% and for withdrawal in 77.7%. In the six (6) adult @entity1 , sedation, the endoscopic procedure and the placing of the MSBT were well-tolerated. The average time that the MSBT was in place was 70.5 days. In two (2) @entity1 (28.6%), there were complications associated with the MSBT: one had odinophagia which required withdrawal on the seventh day and another @entity1 had anterograde migration of the MSBT with fatal perforation of the small intestine. In 57.1% of the cases, the @entity292 or @entity850 was cured; in 28.6%, there was partial improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic technique for the insertion of the MSBT serves as an alternative, allows the diagnosis, confirmation, comparison of @entity292 or @entity850 in the cervical esophagus and is well-tolerated.

title: [Endoscopic experience with the Montgomery salivary bypass tube in esophageal XXXX and fistulae].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Data collected by the United Network for Organ Sharing from all approved United States transplant programs was analyzed. The data included 26,572 adult @entity6 @entity1 who received a primary pancreas transplant between January 1987 and December 2012. Simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) transplantation was the major therapeutic option for @entity6 @entity1 . SPK had better graft survival than pancreas transplant alone (PTA) or @entity8 (from a living donor, PWK). The 5-year pancreas graft survival rates for SPK, PWK, PAK, and @entity865 were 70.0%, 57.2%, 54.0%, and 48.2%, respectively. When long-term SPK pancreas graft survival was examined by various transplant time periods, it was found that survival has remained almost stable since 1996. Graft survival rates were high among the pancreas recipients transplanted in the periods 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2012, and the rates were similar: the 5-year rates were 68.9%, 72.4%, and 73.8%, respectively. Technical failure was the leading cause of graft loss during the first year post-transplant, regardless of period: 61.3%, 68.6%, 64.2%, and 71.9% for 1987-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2012, respectively. After one year, chronic rejection was the leading cause of graft loss in all periods: 51.8%, 53.2%, 44.3%, and 40.7% for 1987-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2012, respectively. Chronic rejection accounted for around 50% (or more) of the grafts that survived over five years. Survival of long-term pancreas grafts as well as long-term causes of graft loss remained almost unchanged across the different transplant periods. Clearly, there is a need for a means to identify early markers of chronic rejection, and to control it to improve long-term survival.

title: Causes of graft failure in simultaneous XXXX transplantation by various time periods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney', 'pancreas-after-kidney (PAK) or pancreas-with-kidney']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of the 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) @entity1486 (PSA) recommendation statement on primary care referral patterns and urologists' decision making. METHODS: @entity1 referred to our institution for newly elevated PSA level from June 2011 to June 2013 were identified. @entity1 with a prior history of @entity263 or biopsy were excluded. Clinical and management parameters were compared between those presenting in the year before vs the year after the USPSTF statement. Factors predictive of receiving a prostate biopsy were identified using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity1 were identified in the pre-USPSTF period and 212 @entity1 , thereafter. The groups were comparable in age, race, @entity263 family history, PSA values, and digital rectal examination findings. At the initial evaluation, @entity1 presenting after the statement were more  likely to undergo @entity21416 testing (27% vs 11%; P  <.01) and repeat PSA testing (82% vs 72%; P  = .02) and less likely to undergo immediate biopsy (16% vs 24%; P  = .03). The proportion of @entity1 ultimately receiving a biopsy was equivalent. The groups were similar in the percentage of positive biopsies, Gleason distribution, and D'Amico risk. African American race and family history were predictors for receiving a biopsy in the post-USPSTF group but not in the pre-USPSTF group. CONCLUSION: The 2012 USPSTF recommendation statement has not affected the number or clinical characteristics of @entity1 referred to a tertiary center for elevated PSA level. After recommendation, urologists ordered significantly more @entity21416 and repeat PSA tests and recommended fewer biopsies at the initial visit. The fraction of @entity1 ultimately receiving a biopsy remained the same.

title: Impact of the 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force Statement on XXXX Screening: Analysis of Urologic and Primary Care Practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-specific Antigen']


abstract: The majority of Kudoa species infect the somatic muscle of fish @entity45 . As there is no effective method to detect infected fish without destroying them these parasited fish reach the consumer. This work was developed to determine whether this parasite contains antigenic compounds capable of provoking an immune response in laboratory animals, in order to consider the possible immunopathological effects in @entity1 by the ingestion of Kudoa infected fish. BALB/c @entity19 were injected by the subcutaneous route with the following extracts suspended in @entity12525 : group 1 (black Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract), group 2 (white Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract), and group 3 (non-infected hake meat extract). Specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA against homologous and heterologous antigens. The highest responses were obtained from the black Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extract (group 1). The low optic density levels detected in group 3 proved that the results obtained in groups 1 and 2 were a consequence of the parasitic extract injection. The @entity6527 was the predominant subclass. IgE detected in groups 1 and 2 showed the possible allergenic nature of some of the components of the parasitic extract. High IgA levels and medium @entity9749 and @entity5696 levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Low @entity10986 responses were shown. No cross-reactions between Kudoa sp. pseudocyst extracts and the non-infected hake meat extract were observed.

title: Humoral immune responses induced by Kudoa sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) antigens in BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['establishing cysts']

entities_list: @entity12525 :: ('CHEBI:33130', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium hydroxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 age, @entity5 size, axillary lymph node status, expression of @entity172 , @entity1420 and @entity1722 receptors, as well as the histological grade, are widely accepted prognostic and predictive parameters in @entity0 . In @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ), the prognostic factors, such as nodal status and @entity5 size are believed to be the most valuable ones. The aim of this was set to determine the possible linkage between MFity/MCity of @entity1137 and immunohistochemical predictive (ER, PR, @entity1722 ) and prognostic parameters ( @entity5345 , @entity876 , @entity5962 , Ki-67). MATERIAL/METHODS: Out of 2486 cases diagnosed with BC from south-eastern Serbia, the presence @entity1137 was noted in 334 cases. Immunohistochemical characterization of predictive and prognostic parameters in @entity1137 was done. RESULTS: The occurrence of multifocal (MFC) and @entity189 ( @entity189 ) was observed in 18.9% of @entity1137 . Bilateral (BL) BCs were found to be statistically significantly more frequent in younger @entity1 , compared to those with MFC, @entity189 or nonMFC/ @entity189 /BL. No significant correlation was found between MFC/ @entity189 and the presence of axillary lymph node @entity3 , and expression of immunohistochemical predictive and prognostic parameters. Based on literature data and the findings from the current work, MFity/MCtiy might represent negative morphologic prognostic parameters in @entity1137 . CONCLUSIONS: In 334 cases analyzed, no statistically significant correlations were observed between MF/MC and the expression of immunohistochemical predictive and prognostic parameters.

title: Immunohistochemical features of multifocal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['multicentric lobular breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lack of hourly Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) documentation in @entity130 @entity1 while in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) is frequently cited by American College of Surgeons (ACS) @entity130 Center Verification Review Committee site visitors. The basis for this requirement is unclear. We suspected that hourly recording of GCS has no impact on @entity1 outcome. METHODS: The @entity130 registry of a 300-bed ACS-verified, state-designated Level II @entity130 center was reviewed retrospectively for @entity542 @entity1 over 16 years of age. Demographic data, field and @entity341 GCS, presence or absence of hourly GCS in the @entity341 , objective injury scores, complications, discharge status, and hospital length of stay were determined. RESULTS: A total of 463 @entity1 were identified. Hourly GCS was recorded in the @entity341 in 244 (53%) @entity1 . No significant difference was found in the @entity130 Severity Score or the Abbreviated Injury Score of the head between those who had hourly GCS recorded and those who did not. @entity1 who had hourly GCS recorded were significantly younger, 42.3 +/- 19.7 years vs 53.9 +/- 24.9 years for those who did not have hourly GCS recorded (P < 0.001). Seventy percent (126/179) of @entity1 involved in a motorcycle or motor vehicle crash had hourly GCS recorded while only 39% (69/175) of @entity1 admitted for falls had hourly GCS (P < 0.001). There were no differences in mortality or complication rates between the groups. CONCLUSION: The recording of hourly GCS on head injured @entity1 is reflective of the initial presentation of the @entity1 and not an objective evaluation of the @entity1 . The presence or absence of hourly GCS in the @entity341 was not associated with any increase in complications or mortality. The ACS should reevaluate the requirement for hourly recording of GCS in @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Requirement for hourly Glasgow @entity772 Scores in the XXXX : process or outcome based?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'Trauma and Injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical potential of diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-mapping for @entity5 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-shot echo-planar-imaging DWI sequence with fat suppression and ability for navigator-based respiratory triggering was implemented. Nineteen @entity1 (11 @entity320 , 4 @entity263 , 1 @entity1893 , and 3 @entity2 ) were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) with an integrated computed tomography scanner (PET-CT) and DWI. Images at b = 0, 400, and 1000 s/mm2 were acquired and ADC maps were generated. PET examinations were used as a reference for @entity5 detection. Four hundred twenty-four regions of interest were used for DWI and 73 for PET data evaluation. RESULTS: DWI and ADC maps were of diagnostic quality. @entity3 with increased tracer uptake were clearly visualized at b = 1000 s/mm2 with the exception of mediastinal lymph node @entity3 in cases of @entity2 . ADC mapping did not improve detection rates. CONCLUSIONS: DWI is a feasible clinical technique, improving the assessment of metastatic spread in routine magnetic resonance imaging examinations.

title: XXXX detection by diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC-mapping--initial clinical experiences in comparison to PET-CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: This is a population study of @entity1 who were treated for @entity5 in a tertiary center in northern Israel, aimed to report clinical findings, treatment, and outcome. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all medical records of consecutive @entity1 who were treated for @entity5 in the years 1993-2012 was conducted. Data extracted from the medical records included demographics, histology, size of lesion, stage of disease at diagnosis, type of treatment, radiation dose, follow-up, recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: The study included 44 @entity1 with a median age of 69.8 years (range, 42-93 years). Thirty-five (79.5%) of the @entity1 were of Jewish descent, five were Arabic, and four were of other descent. The most common histology type was @entity957 in 35 (79.5%) @entity1 . Most @entity1 were staged FIGO II-III at time of diagnosis. Surgery was the most common primary treatment modality (54.2%). Twenty-three (52.2%) @entity1 had recurrent disease. Older age and more advanced stage at diagnosis were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is common among elderly @entity1 with co-morbidities who present in @entity1442 stage; all these factors are significant for survival.

title: XXXX in the north of Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvar cancer', 'vulvar cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Vulvar cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of @entity1277 and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores (17.4    11.6) compared with @entity3147 (14.3    8.3) and SOC (13.0    6.2) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to @entity3147 (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of @entity1277 (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in @entity3147 (72.0    28.7) and PESD (71.5    32.8) compared with SOC (64.2    27.5) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to @entity3147 (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the @entity1168 scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: 21.9    2.8 kg/m(2)) and generally consistent with @entity1168 data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating @entity146 in PESD students.

title: High tendency to the substantial concern on body shape and XXXX risk of the students majoring Nutrition or Sport Sciences.

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Figure Rating Scale', 'FRS']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['NDD', 'Nutrition and Dietetics']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5132 adhesins have amyloid-forming sequences. In Als5p, these amyloid sequences cluster cell surface adhesins to create high avidity surface adhesion nanodomains. Such nanodomains form after force is applied to the cell surface by atomic force microscopy or laminar flow. Here we report centrifuging and resuspending @entity375 cells expressing Als5p led to 1.7-fold increase in initial rate of adhesion to ligand coated beads. Furthermore, mechanical stress from vortex-mixing of Als5p cells or @entity5132 cells also induced additional formation of amyloid nanodomains and consequent activation of adhesion. Vortex-mixing for 60 seconds increased the initial rate of adhesion 1.6-fold. The effects of vortex-mixing were replicated in heat-killed cells as well. Activation was accompanied by increases in @entity7732 cell surface fluorescence measured by flow cytometry or by confocal microscopy. There was no adhesion activation in cells expressing amyloid-impaired Als5p @entity52842 or in cells incubated with inhibitory concentrations of @entity10543 . Together these results demonstrated the activation of cell surface amyloid nanodomains in @entity375 expressing Als adhesins, and further delineate the forces that can activate adhesion in vivo. Consequently there is quantitative support for the hypothesis that amyloid forming adhesins act as both force sensors and effectors.

title: Quantitative Analyses of Force-Induced Amyloid Formation in XXXX Als5p: Activation by Standard Laboratory Procedures.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity10543 :: ('MESH:D017772', 'Disease') :: ['anti-amyloid dyes']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin T']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Esophageal reconstruction in long-gap @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) poses a technical challenge with several surgical options. The purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience with the reversed gastric tube (RGT) in esophageal reconstruction. METHODS: This series describes 7 babies with pure @entity1152 treated at 2 centers between 1989 and 2001. Data, gathered by retrospective chart review, included clinical details of the esophageal and associated @entity600 , technique and timing of repair, early and late complications, and long-term follow-up. Institutional review board (IRB) approval of this study has been obtained. RESULTS: Seven babies were included. Associated @entity600 were present in 4: trisomy 21 in 2 and imperforate anus in 2. After @entity5274 placement, @entity1 were treated with @entity5274 feedings and continuous upper pouch suction. Median gap length was 5.5 vertebral segments (range, 3 to 9). RGT with a posterior mediastinal esophagogastric anastomosis was performed at median age of 62 days (range, 38 to 131). There were no @entity834 . Three @entity1 had strictures, one required resection. Exclusive oral nourishment was achieved in 5 @entity1 by 6 months of age. At last follow-up (mean, 4.5 years), 6 @entity1 were receiving oral nutrition exclusively, and all were maintaining growth curves. CONCLUSIONS: In long gap @entity1152 , early esophageal reconstruction using an RGT can be performed with minimal morbidity and promising short-term results.

title: Primary reversed gastric tube reconstruction in long gap XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: An 85-year-old @entity1 was referred to the medical oncology department because of a hypogastric mass. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a large hypervascular mass in the lower abdomen. CT angiography with volume rendering imaging revealed a vascular pedicle with an arborizing pattern of vessels. Many thick, early draining veins shunting into the portal vein were detected. Before surgery, the maximum size of the portal vein was 22 mm in diameter. Laparotomy revealed a huge, encapsulated, well-defined, hard @entity5 with hypervascularization, which was appended to the omentum. The mass with the omentum was curatively resected; it was 19 cm x 17 cm x 13 cm in size and 1915 g in weight. Histological features were consistent with a @entity2460 of the omentum, despite the @entity5 size and @entity39 area found in the specimen. q Ultrasonography and CT performed at a 28-month follow-up revealed no evidence of @entity5 recurrence. @entity384 including that of the portal veins had diminished.

title: Acute life-threatening portal venous dilatation induced by a huge XXXX of the omentum.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Venous dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['benign solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: Two groups of @entity19 were infested with first stage larvae of the @entity1 bot- @entity238 , @entity41700 (Linnaeus Jr) (Diptera: Oestridae). In the first group, skin biopsies were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days after @entity277 . The second group was also infested but had all the larvae removed 5 days after @entity277 . The @entity19 in the latter group were reinfested 4 weeks later and skin biopsies were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days after reinfestation. In the first group, an inflammatory reaction began slowly, the neutrophils being the main inflammatory cells, eosinophils being scarce. The reaction progressed with time, developing a @entity39 halo around the larvae containing inflammatory cells surrounded by fibroblasts. The @entity32 invaded the adjacent tissue. In the second group, the inflammatory reaction was intense on the day immediately after reinfestation, the pattern being changed by the presence of a large number of eosinophils. Activated fibroblasts surrounding the @entity39 area around the larvae appeared 3 days after reinfestation in the second group and 7 days after @entity277 in the first group. The results demonstrated that the previous contact with the antigens elicited the early arrival of eosinophils, probably through the chemotactic factors liberated by mast cells in the anaphylactic reaction.

title: Inflammatory reaction to the @entity1 bot- XXXX , @entity41700 , in infested and reinfested @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity41700 :: ('115427', 'Species') :: ['Dermatobia hominis']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: Chronic exposure to @entity7388 ( @entity7389 ) altered the rodent @entity5 incidence of endocrine-sensitive tissues and decreased the incidence of @entity172 -dependent uterine @entity1373 in @entity19 . To test the hypothesis that changes in the incidence of @entity5 in female B6C3F1 @entity19 after @entity7389 exposure are secondary to endocrine alterations, we exposed female @entity19 to the carcinogenic dose of @entity7389 vapor (8000 ppm) for 3 or 21 days or 4 or 8 months under conditions similar to a previous 2-year bioassay. @entity7389 exposure significantly decreased body @entity1017 and ovary and pituitary weight at 4 and 8 months and uterine weight at all time points. After 8 months of exposure, @entity7389 significantly increased the length of the estrous cycle by increasing the mean number of days in both the estrus and the nonestrus stages. Histological evaluation of H_E-stained tissues showed a decrease in the number of uterine glands after subchronic @entity7389 exposure. DNA synthesis, as measured by the incorporation of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ), was decreased in uterine glandular and luminal epithelial cells after @entity7389 exposure for 3 or 21 days or 4 or 8 months. @entity7389 exposure decreased the number of epithelial layers in the cervix and vagina at all time points. DNA synthesis was decreased in cervical and vaginal epithelium after 21 days of @entity7389 . @entity4091 of adrenal glands was found after 4 and 8 months of @entity7389 exposure without changes in @entity1603 incorporation. @entity7389 did not competitively bind to @entity172 receptor. @entity7389 exposure did not alter serum @entity172 levels or alter the location or intensity of @entity172 receptor immunoreactivity in the uterus, cervix, and vagina. These data indicate that while @entity7389 exposure causes multiple endocrine-related tissue and cellular responses, these effects are not mediated through the @entity172 receptor.

title: @entity7388 -induced endocrine alterations in @entity19 are not mediated through the XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased zona reticularis']

entities_list: @entity7388 :: ('CHEBI:27642', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl tertiary butyl ether']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: During the last 2 decades, idiotypic vaccination has provided proof of principle of biological efficacy, clinical efficacy and clinical benefit in small @entity706 trials. However, with the exception of anecdotal reports, most @entity1 have received no more than 10 doses of their customised idiotype (Id) vaccine. Therefore, it is not known whether prolonged usage of idiotypic vaccination is safe. Since 2002, 18 previously treated @entity1 with @entity706 have received extended idiotypic vaccination at our institution outside clinical trials. Vaccination was provided as a compassionate alternative to no further treatment, and was meant to be stopped only upon complete consumption of the available @entity1 - and @entity5 -specific vaccine [Id-keyhole limpet @entity17970 + @entity2841 + @entity2841 )], or in case of disease relapse or any serious non-local @entity137 . So far, 18 @entity1 have received an average of 18 doses of Id vaccine (median: 17; mean: 18; range: 10-31). Eleven @entity1 are still actively receiving idiotypic vaccination: some of them are now over more than 6 years. @entity137 has been systematically negligible and mostly local. No @entity1 has abandoned the vaccination program because of @entity137 . Prolonged idiotypic vaccination with the soluble protein Id-KLH + @entity2841 formulation is safe and well tolerated.

title: Prolonged idiotypic vaccination against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity17970 :: ('MESH:D006433', 'Chemical') :: ['hemocyanin']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Id-KLH', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIa (CaMKIIa) autophosphorylation at Thr286 and Thr305/Thr306 regulates kinase activity and modulates subcellular targeting and is critical for normal synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Here, a mass spectrometry-based approach was used to identify @entity141 -dependent and -independent in vitro autophosphorylation sites in recombinant CaMKIIa and CaMKIIb. @entity22617 holoenzymes were then immunoprecipitated from subcellular fractions of forebrains isolated from either @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 or @entity19 with a @entity65126 knock-in mutation of CaMKIIa ( @entity65127 -KI @entity19 ) and analyzed using the same approach in order to characterize in vivo phosphorylation sites in both @entity22617 isoforms and identify @entity22617 -associated proteins (CaMKAPs). A total of six and seven autophosphorylation sites in CaMKIIa and CaMKIIb, respectively, were detected in @entity164 @entity19 . Thr286-phosphorylated CaMKIIa and Thr287-phosphorylated CaMKIIb were selectively enriched in @entity164 Triton-insoluble (synaptic) fractions compared to Triton-soluble (membrane) and cytosolic fractions. In contrast, Thr306-phosphorylated CaMKIIa and Ser315- and Thr320/Thr321-phosphorylated CaMKIIb were selectively enriched in @entity164 cytosolic fractions. The @entity65127 -KI mutation significantly reduced levels of phosphorylation of CaMKIIa at Ser275 across all subcellular fractions and of cytosolic CaMKIIb at Ser315 and Thr320/Thr321. Significantly more CaMKAPs coprecipitated with @entity164 @entity22617 holoenzymes in the synaptic fraction compared to that in the membrane fraction, with functions including scaffolding, microtubule organization, actin organization, ribosomal function, vesicle trafficking, and others. The @entity65127 -KI mutation altered the interactions of multiple CaMKAPs with @entity22617 , including several proteins linked to @entity72 . These data identify @entity22617 isoform phosphorylation sites and a network of synaptic protein interactions that are sensitive to the abrogation of Thr286 autophosphorylation of CaMKIIa, likely contributing to the diverse synaptic and behavioral deficits of @entity65127 -KI @entity19 .

title: Quantitative proteomics analysis of @entity22617 phosphorylation and the @entity22617 interactome in the XXXX forebrain.

entities_list: @entity65126 :: ('p|SUB|T|286|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr286 to Ala']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Besides @entity3800 , @entity172 (E) and PRL are thought to have important roles in the regulation of the growth and function of the prostate. We have established organ cultures of @entity35 dorsolateral prostate for the analysis of the multiple hormone actions. Explants of dorsal prostate (DP) and lateral prostate (LP) were cultured in a serum-free basal medium containing insulin and @entity2819 with or without the hormones studied. The viability and overall integrity of the tissues were maintained for at least 14 days. The morphology of the explants showed castration-like changes in the basal medium, but the addition of @entity251 (T) prevented them. @entity342 receptors in the prostate cultured with T were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. When the explants were grown with E the epithelium became stratified, and the cells were flat. The epithelium was also layered when the explants were grown with PRL, but the epithelial cells were hypersecretory and large. The glandular morphology of the cultured prostate was, however, best preserved if T was added along with E or PRL. The wet weights and DNA contents of the explants declined during the culture, but they were better maintained if T, E, or PRL were added to the medium. The rate of DNA labeling with @entity665 was activated in the cultured explants, but it was higher in those grown with T, E, or PRL than in those grown in the basal medium. The tissue specific functions were evaluated by measuring the expression of the genes RWB and M-40.3 encoding @entity342 -regulated secretory proteins. The steady state levels of RWB and M-40.3 mRNA were low in the explants grown in the basal medium but in the presence of T they were high. E and PRL also increased the expression of RWB and M-40.3 messenger RNA, although the responses in DP and LP were somewhat different. The antihormones @entity16844 and @entity23392 opposed the increase of M-40.3 messenger RNA by T and E, respectively. The results show that the cultured DP and LP of the @entity35 maintain the @entity342 responsiveness and tissue-specific functions in vitro. In addition, E and PRL have @entity342 -independent, direct effects in them. @entity35 dorsolateral prostate in culture thus provides a useful model for the studies on the mechanisms of hormone regulation of the prostate.

title: @entity172 and prolactin regulation of XXXX dorsal and lateral prostate in organ culture.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity16844 :: ('MESH:D003534', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen', 'androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Aim. To validate a radial quantitative ultrasound (QUS) system with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a criterion technique in bone status assessment among @entity1 . Methods. Bone health was evaluated using a radial QUS system (Sunlight Omnisense 8000P) to measure the speed of sound (SOS) at one-third distal radius of the nondominant hand and DXA (Hologic QDR) was used to assess whole body @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Results. Some 29.9% of the @entity1 were grossly misclassified according to quartiles of @entity79 and radial SOS. Poor agreement was observed between Z-scores of radial SOS and whole-body @entity79 (mean difference = 0.6    0.9; 95% limits of agreement = -1.4 to 2.6). With a cut-off value of -1.0, radial SOS yielded satisfactory sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93%) for the detection of @entity1 with low @entity79 . Conclusion. The observed poor agreement in the present study suggests that radial QUS and DXA are not comparable and hence are not interchangeable in evaluating bone status of the @entity1 .

title: Radial quantitative ultrasound and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry: intermethod agreement for bone status assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse gender differences in the clinical presentation and recovery of paediatric @entity1 with @entity699 ( @entity699 ) after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). Indeed, gender differences between paediatric @entity1 with @entity699 during presentation, after @entity1104 and postoperative recovery have not been adequately studied. DESIGN: Data were obtained and retrospectively analysed from clinical reports and biochemical tests at the time of presentation, 5-9  days after @entity1104 and at the 6 and 12  months postoperative follow-up visits to determine @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) recovery. @entity1 : Data from 102 paediatric @entity1 (48 females, 54 males, mean age 12  9      3  0) with @entity699 who underwent @entity1104 at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Clinical Center between 1997 and 2011. RESULTS: There was equal distribution of paediatric @entity699 between males and females (53% vs 47%; n  =  102, P  =  0  484). Males were more likely than females to present with higher mean BMI Z-scores (2  2      0  7 vs 1  9      0  6, P  =  0  0079), lower mean height Z-scores (-1  2      1  3 vs -0  7      1  1, P  =  0  0467) and higher median plasma ACTH (12  2 vs 8  5 pmol/l; P  =  0  0495). Females did not present more frequently with any single sign or symptom. No significant differences were found between males and females for @entity699 cure rates 5-9  days after @entity1104 (87  0% males vs 87  5% females, @entity6585 ), long-term cure rates (86  5% vs 93  7%; n  =  69; P  =  0  4374) and @entity2339 recovery time (11  2      2  5 vs 11  7      2  5  months; n  =  47; P  =  0  1992). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric @entity699 is found to have equal distribution between males and females, but male @entity1 present with elevated BMI and potentially shorter height and higher plasma ACTH. There is no significant difference in the cure rate or @entity2339 recovery time after @entity1104 between males and females.

title: A gender-dependent analysis of XXXX in childhood: pre- and postoperative follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis', 'HPAA']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'transsphenoidal surgery']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is increasingly frequently being diagnosed, but systematic descriptions of the natural history and clinical handling of the condition are sparse. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe risk factors, clinical presentation, complications and treatment of @entity715 in a single-centre. METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were identified in the electronic records from 1992 to 2005. All data were obtained from the @entity1 records. RESULTS: One or more risk factors (e.g. @entity74 or @entity32 ) were present in 87%. Symptoms were abdominalia, @entity381 , fever, @entity843 , haematemesis, and @entity353 . Abdominalia and fever occurred more frequently in @entity1 with acute @entity715 . Frequent complications were @entity381 , oesophageal- and gastric varices with or without @entity548 , portal hypertensive gastropathy and @entity843 . Varices and @entity548 were more frequent in @entity1 with chronic @entity715 . @entity1 who received anticoagulant therapy more frequently achieved partial/complete recanalization. @entity1 with varices who were treated endoscopically in combination with beta-blockade had regression of the varices. The overall mortality was 13% in one year, and was dependent on underlying causes. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 had a combination of local and systemic risk factors for @entity715 . We observed that partial/complete recanalization was more frequent in @entity1 treated with anticoagulation therapy, and that regression of varices was more pronounced in @entity1 who where treated with active endoscopy combined with pharmacological treatment.

title: XXXX ; risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['prothrombotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein thrombosis', 'portal vein thrombosis', 'PVT']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Portal vein thrombosis']


abstract: Interleukin- (IL-) 35 and @entity21264 are newly discovered immune-suppressing cytokines. They have been described in inflammatory diseases such as collagen-induced @entity625 and @entity565 . However, their expressions in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 have not been yet explored. Our aim was to evaluate serum and inflamed mucosal levels in @entity29 @entity1 . In 20 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 , 7 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 , and 15 healthy subjects, cytokine levels in serum were determined using ELISA and mucosal expression studies were performed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot. The results showed that serums IL-35 and @entity21264 levels were significantly decreased in @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects. The cytokines levels correlated inversely with @entity31 activity. IL-35 was expressed in infiltrating immune cells while @entity21264 in intestinal epithelial cells as well as inflammatory cells. @entity29 @entity1 had significantly higher @entity11191 , @entity10669 (two subunits of IL-35), and IL-37b gene expressions; IL-35 and @entity21264 protein expressions were higher in @entity29 @entity1 compared with controls. The study showed that serums IL-35 and @entity21264 might be potentially novel biomarkers for @entity29 . Intestinal IL-35 and @entity21264 proteins are upregulated, suggesting that regulating the expression of the two cytokines may provide a new possible target for the treatment of @entity29 .

title: The possible role of the novel cytokines il-35 and XXXX in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity21264 :: (27178,Gene) :: ['il-37']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity32 ( @entity32 ) is based on vagus nerve (VN) activity that regulates macrophage and dendritic cell responses in the spleen through alpha-7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (a7 @entity15683 ) signaling. @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 @entity8053 with decreased vagus nerve activity, dendritic cell and T cell over-activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether central activation of the @entity32 alters the function of dendritic cells (DCs) and sequential CD4+/CD25-T cell activation in the context of experimental @entity1960 . METHODS: The @entity34059 model of experimental @entity1960 in C57BL/6 @entity19 was used. Central, intracerebroventricular infusion of the M1 muscarinic @entity934 receptor agonist @entity4138 was used to activate @entity32 and vagus nerve and/or splenic nerve transection were performed. In addition, the role of a7 @entity15683 signaling and the NF-kB pathway was studied. Serum amyloid protein (SAP)-A, colonic tissue cytokines, IL-12p70 and @entity14293 in isolated splenic DCs, and cytokines levels in DC-CD4+CD25-T cell co-culture were determined. RESULTS: @entity4138 treatment reduced @entity32 associated with decreased pro-inflammatory @entity630 /Th17 colonic and splenic cytokine secretion. Splenic DCs cytokine release was modulated through a7nAChR and the NF-kB signaling pathways. Cholinergic activation resulted in decreased CD4+CD25-T cell priming. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of central cholinergic activation was abolished in @entity19 with vagotomy or @entity4558 . CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of splenic immune cell activation and altered interaction between DCs and T cells are important aspects of the beneficial effect of brain activation of the @entity32 in experimental @entity1960 . These findings may lead to improved therapeutic strategies in the treatment of @entity29 .

title: Central Muscarinic Cholinergic Activation Alters Interaction between Splenic Dendritic Cell and CD4+CD25- T Cells in Experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity34059 :: ('MESH:C007488', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic neurectomy']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['present dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['Colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Experiments were done to evaluate the functional effects of neonatal @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment on bladder function in male and female Noble @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 5 months after neonatal @entity4743 bladders were removed and weighed. Ventral and dorsal bladder strips were prepared to evaluate the effects of neonatal @entity4743 on contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, @entity5402 , @entity855 , @entity2647 and @entity4338 . Relaxant responses to the catecholamines @entity1063 ( @entity1063 ), @entity1425 and @entity3044 were also monitored. RESULTS: Neonatal @entity4743 resulted in significant increases in bladder mass in males and females. Contractile and relaxant responses were largely unchanged by neonatal @entity4743 treatment and the only change observed was a decreased response of ventral strips from male neonatal @entity4743 @entity35 to 4 and 8 Hz. stimulation. Ventral strips from male control and neonatal @entity4743 @entity35 responded to field stimulation and @entity5402 with significantly greater responses than dorsal strips and were more sensitive to the relaxant actions of @entity1063 and @entity1425 . CONCLUSIONS: The data confirm that neonatal @entity4743 causes @entity3885 . However, in contrast to published reports of the effects of surgically induced mild @entity1876 , neonatal @entity4743 treatment has little effect on in vitro bladder strip contractile or relaxant function. Thus, the neonatal @entity4743 treated @entity35 does not seem to be a useful model in which to study the in vitro effects of partial @entity1876 on the bladder.

title: In vitro XXXX bladder function after neonatal estrogenization.

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['infravesical obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine', 'arterenol']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Pathological and clinical studies have suggested that platelets have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1459 and @entity583 . However, the relation of platelet activation to @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity1459 is unknown. We assessed the biosynthesis of @entity2871 and @entity4770 as indexes of platelet activation in @entity1 with stable and unstable @entity301 by physicochemical analysis of metabolites in plasma and urine. @entity4770 biosynthesis was markedly elevated in @entity1 with @entity583 and correlated with plasma @entity908 kinase (r = 0.795; P less than 0.001). The largest rise in @entity2871 synthesis was observed in @entity1 with @entity1459 , in whom 84 percent of the episodes of @entity662 were associated with phasic increases in the excretion of @entity2871 and @entity4770 metabolites. However, 50 percent of such increases were not associated with @entity662 , possibly reflecting silent @entity741 . These data indicate that platelet activation occurs during spontaneous @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity1459 . The increment in @entity4770 biosynthesis during such episodes may be a compensatory response of vascular endothelium that limits the degree or effects of platelet activation. If so, biochemically selective inhibition of the synthesis or action of @entity2404 would be desirable in the treatment of @entity1459 . In contrast, @entity2871 inhibitors or antagonists would not be expected to be effective in @entity1 with @entity5749 , in whom there was no increase in the formation of @entity2404 .

title: Platelet activation in unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['episodic ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the @entity2194 , and to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of chronic suppressive antiviral prophylaxis for reducing ocular HSV recurrences. METHODS: An economic decision-tree model was used on follow-up data from 703 @entity1 with prior @entity1800 who were enrolled in a @entity2194 Study multicenter clinical trial that evaluated the prolonged use of oral @entity1033 . Costs were based on wholesale drug prices, Medicare fees, and national health surveys. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for all @entity1 and for @entity1 with prior @entity1036 were calculated as the additional net cost of @entity1033 prophylaxis compared with the number of cases of @entity2194 prevented during 12 months. One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses evaluated the effect of different treatment costs and recurrence risks. RESULTS: Approximately 17.7 US dollars million is expended annually to treat the estimated 59,000 new and recurrent episodes of @entity2194 occurring among 29,000 individuals each year in the United States. Chronic suppressive oral @entity1033 costs 8532 US dollars per ocular HSV episode averted. The incremental cost per @entity281 averted would decline by up to 51% if antiviral prophylaxis were more effective and by up to 87% if @entity1 had a higher recurrence risk. Targeting prophylaxis to @entity1 with a history of @entity1036 is not more cost-effective than providing oral @entity1033 for @entity1 with any prior @entity2194 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2194 is costly to treat and prevent. Because prophylactic oral @entity1033 is not a cost-effective option for all @entity1 with previous @entity2194 , therapeutic decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis.

title: Prevention of XXXX : a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['cost of treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye disease', 'Herpetic Eye Disease', 'Herpetic eye disease', 'HSV eye disease', 'ocular herpes']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['ocular HSV disease']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex virus eye disease']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop a metastatic risk score model of neck level Ib lymph nodes in primary @entity189 ( @entity189 ) to guide the level Ib radiotherapy. There were a total of 1,557 @entity1 enrolled in the study, and of these @entity1 , 1,145 were included in the training set. Univariate   (2) analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the independent risk factors to construct the risk score model. A total of 85 @entity1 in the validating set underwent a pathology biopsy of level Ib lymph nodes to test the model. The remaining 327 @entity1 from the prognostic-research set were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of level Ib irradiation in high- and low-risk groups. The independent risk factors in the model were carotid sheath involvement, the maximal diameter of the neck lymph nodes (>= 20 mm) and the involvement of the level II/III/IV lymph nodes. The involvement of level IV was assigned score 2 and the other risk factors were assigned score 1. According to the total scores, the @entity1 were divided into the low- (total score, 0-1; level Ib @entity3 rate, 0.5%) and high-risk groups (total score, 2-4; level Ib @entity3 rate, 8.5%). In the validating set, the metastatic rate of level Ib in 43 low-risk @entity1 was 0%, and the rate was 31.0% (13/42) in 42 high-risk @entity1 . In the prognostic-research set, the prognosis of 137 low-risk @entity1 was not affected by level Ib irradiation. However, level Ib unirradiation was an independent prognostic factor for the locoregional recurrence in 190 high-risk @entity1 . According to the data, the novel score model could help assess the metastatic risk of level Ib in primary @entity189 , and the radiotherapy on level Ib may impact the locoregional recurrence in high-risk @entity1 .

title: A risk score model for the XXXX of level Ib lymph node based on the clinicopathological features of @entity189 in a large sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity20866 ( @entity20866 ) is a rare clinicopathological entity typically observed in @entity1 of reproductive age. We report a case of @entity20866 with malignant change in a @entity1 . A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with a mass measuring 10 cm in diameter at the terminal ileum and numerous peritoneal small nodules that were revealed by abdominal computed tomography. Right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. Macroscopically, a @entity5 of the terminal ileum consisted of aggregates of small nodular lesions with @entity730 and @entity39 . The wall of the ileum and colon was intact. Microscopically, some of the nodular lesions consisted of neoplastic growths of atypical spindle cells with cellular atypism and abnormal mitoses. A few of these lesions were completely surrounded by smooth muscle bundles. @entity548 and @entity39 were found within the @entity5 nodules. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2277 , @entity2283 , muscle actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin and @entity876 . The remaining nodular lesions, including small peritoneal lesions, were composed of hypocellular hyalinizing nodules. This case was thought to be @entity20866 with malignant change, although the pathogenesis was uncertain because the @entity5 cells were negative for @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors.

title: @entity20866 with malignant change in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['LPD', 'Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necroses']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the mechanisms leading to @entity146 among @entity1 with @entity1416 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We prospectively included all of the @entity1 with @entity1416 and @entity146 admitted to our department from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004. @entity1 with history of @entity64 , @entity73 , or prior history of @entity146 disease were excluded. RESULTS: @entity146 was found in 3 @entity1 (7.3%) among 41 @entity1 with @entity1416 . One @entity1 had right occipitotemporal and @entity64 . The second @entity1 had left occipitotemporal and lateral thalamic @entity64 . The third @entity1 had right isolated @entity64 . In addition to a contralateral homonymous @entity1805 , the @entity1 , who were physically and emotionally balanced before the @entity64 , suddenly manifested an acute, unusual, @entity146 . The @entity1 became @entity2146 and @entity146 when they were stimulated by the environment, and they responded to solicitation by their relatives or medical personnel by shouting obscenities and hitting and biting others. In all of the 3 cases, temporary physical restraint was required and neuroleptics were administered. This unusual behavioral pattern resolved within 2 weeks after @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 is a rare presentation of @entity1416 , which may be difficult to diagnose in @entity1 presenting with @entity1805 as the only concomitant neurological sign. The postulated mechanisms include dysfunction of the limbic or serotoninergic system.

title: @entity146 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['occipital stroke', 'stroke', 'ventrolateral thalamic stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive behavior', 'aggressive', 'Aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cerebral artery stroke', 'acute posterior cerebral artery stroke']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['posterior cerebral artery stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes may be seen with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). Whether ECG is associated with short-term adverse clinical events after @entity1151 is less well established. HYPOTHESIS: ECG findings are associated with short-term clinical deterioration after @entity1151 . METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity1151 @entity1 were enrolled in an academic emergency department from 2008 to 2011. The primary outcome was @entity299 ( @entity299 ) on echocardiogram or CT pulmonary angiography, or @entity64839 >= 0.1   ng/mL. We derived an ECG (TwiST) score that is associated with @entity299 and short-term adverse clinical events. RESULTS: We enrolled 298 @entity1 with @entity1151 . On multivariate analysis, T-wave inversion in leads V1 through V3 (OR: 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-13.2), S wave in lead I (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), and @entity591 (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.8) were associated with @entity299 . A TwiST score  <=2 (n   =   210, 72%) was 84% (95% CI: 77%-90%) sensitive for the absence of @entity299 , whereas a TwiST score >= 5 (n   =   47, 16%) was 93% (95% CI: 88%-97%) specific for the presence of @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: A simple ECG (TwiST) score can identify @entity1 likely or not likely to have @entity299 with >80% specificity and sensitivity and may assist in identifying @entity1 with acute @entity1151 at risk for adverse clinical events before pursuing other advanced imaging tests.

title: Association Between Electrocardiographic Findings, Right Heart Strain, and Short-Term Adverse Clinical Events in XXXX With @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['RHS', 'right heart strain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity14 represents a rare minority among the @entity694 . Early diagnosis is often difficult because of unspecific symptoms, with subsequent delays in diagnosis and management. We describe a rare case of @entity706 presenting with @entity409 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old male with a 6-mo history of vague @entity490 , @entity1142 and melena was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography scan of abdomen revealed the presence of a mass along the proximal ascending colon. Colonoscopy biopsy showed external compression of the cecum with two @entity1066 of mucosa, but it was not consistent for a definitive diagnosis. Because the difficulties in the preoperative pathological diagnosis, the high risk of @entity1744 and the correlated hemorrhagic risk, the @entity1 underwent a right hemicolectomy associated with locoregional lymphadenectomy and liver resection.The surgically resected right colon and @entity96 were all immunohistochemically diagnosed as @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). The @entity1 refused any other antineoplastic treatment; he is alive and free of disease at 3  years after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity706 represent a rare minority among the @entity694 . Their correct pre-operative identification is crucial for the design of treatment. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing of primary @entity706 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of a @entity706 presenting with a @entity694 and a @entity409 .

title: Diffuse large XXXX with @entity409 : a rare case report mimicking metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lymphoma', 'colonic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mass', 'colonic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma of the colon']


abstract: AIM: To document the behavioural and @entity1109 in @entity1 with a diagnosis of established @entity195 (AD) for at least 3 years. METHODS: @entity1 with a > or =3 year history of AD (NINCDS/ADRDA) were recruited from old age psychiatrist and elderly care memory clinics. Information regarding duration of symptoms and non-cognitive symptomatology was obtained during interview with a carer or next-of-kin who had contact with the @entity1 at least 3 times a week and for at least 3 years. MMSE, FAST and NPI including caregiver distress, were used to assess cognition, function and behavioural/psychological disturbance respectively. With each non-cognitive symptom the carer was asked to estimate its onset. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 77 years and duration of illness 87 months. Mean MMSE was 8/30 and FAST score 6d. Of the @entity1109 occurring at any stage, @entity308 (56%), delusions (55%) and @entity148 (52%) were most common, with @entity1833 , elation and disinhibition occurring less frequently. In general, behavioural changes were more common with apathy occurring in 88% of @entity1 , motor behaviour in 70%, @entity146 in 66%, @entity146 and appetite changes in 60% and @entity25 in 54%. All symptoms except apathy became less common when the carer was asked if they were still present in the last month. Mean onset of @entity1109 was 47 months. Mean onset of behavioural symptoms was 48 months. Behavioural disturbance seemed to cause more care-giver distress than psychological change. CONCLUSION: The results show behavioural and @entity1109 in AD are common and distressing for carers. They appear to require a consistent period of @entity179 in order to emerge.

title: A retrospective study of the behavioural and @entity1109 of mid and late phase XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity surgery is associated with improvement in @entity6 . Our aim was to examine the effects of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on the body mass index, fasting insulin level, @entity413 level, and insulin resistance in morbidly @entity28 subjects with @entity6 . The setting was the Department of Surgery, Morriston Hospital (Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom). METHODS: A total of 13 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (7 BPD, 6 LAGB) underwent serial measurements of fasting @entity413 and insulin at baseline, immediately after surgery (days 1-7), and 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance was calculated. RESULTS: In the BPD group, the @entity413 levels had normalized by day 3 (5.6    1 mmol/L) and the difference was statistically significant at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (5    .7 and 4.4    .5 mmol/L, respectively). The insulin levels had improved from day 1, and the difference was statistically significant at days 2, 5, 6, and 7 (19    9, 14.2    7, 15.2    8, and 17.4    8 mU/L, respectively). All @entity6 medications were stopped on the fourth postoperative day. In the LAGB group, no statistically significant changes were seen in the @entity413 levels. Statistically significant changes in insulin were seen on days 1 and 2 (19    13 and 13    6.5 mU/L, respectively). The homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance had improved in both groups (BPD, 1.6    1.2, P < .01; and LAGB, 4.3    1.4, P < .05). CONCLUSION: BPD causes immediate remission of @entity6 . Leptin might play an important role in the early improvement of insulin resistance in fasting states after BPD. In the LAGB group, @entity413 homeostasis improved, but the @entity1 still required @entity6 medications, although the dosages were reduced.

title: Temporal changes in XXXX and insulin homeostasis after biliopancreatic diversion and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: In an evaluation of 2537 endoscopic investigations of the upper digestive tract, @entity375 -like fungi were found in cultures from 53 purposive brushings (2.1%) obtained from visible mycotic areas. In 46 cases the esophagus only was affected. In the stomach and surrounding the @entity254 after resection, we found 6 positive results. Once, findings were seen in the esophagus as well as in the stomach. Determination of the @entity375 -like fungi revealed @entity5132 in 43 cases. Other fungi were cultured 18 times, among them @entity7408 3 times. In every @entity3217 culture it is useful to determine the species of @entity375 -like fungi and the drug sensitivity. Every @entity3217 should be assessed endoscopically with regard to its degree of severity. Endoscopy is a very important method for the diagnosis of @entity344 . The investigation of more easily obtainable specimens such as throat swabs or feces, may often be of no use.

title: Endoscopic aspects of XXXX in the upper digestive tract.

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Torulopsis glabrata']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mycosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: According to the literature, 30-70% of cyclists suffer from cervical, dorsal, or @entity615 . This study was conducted to evaluate one of the possible causes of @entity1643 and to suggest a solution by appropriate adjustments to the bicycle. METHODS: Serial fluoroscopic studies were performed while cyclists sat on different types of bicycle (sports, mountain, and city). Pelvic/spine angles were measured at different seat angles, and the related force vectors analysed. RESULTS: There was a tendency towards hyperextension of the pelvic/spine angle which resulted in an increase in tensile forces at the promontorium. These forces can easily be reduced by appropriate adjustment of the seat angle--that is, by creating an anterior inclining angle. The findings of the biomechanical analysis were then applied to a group of cyclists who were members of a cycling club and who complained of @entity1643 . After appropriate adjustment of the saddle angle, most of the cyclists (>70%) reported major improvement in the incidence and magnitude of their @entity615 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and magnitude of @entity615 in cyclists can be reduced by appropriate adjustment of the angle of the saddle. It is important that these findings be conveyed to cyclists, bicycle salesmen, trainers, and members of the general public who engage in cycling, in order to decrease the prevalence of @entity615 .

title: Effect of changing the saddle angle on the incidence of XXXX in recreational bicyclists.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity911 about the meanings of the terms @entity249 and sterility, which differ in medical and demographic usage and in the French and English languages, has led to inflated estimates of the number of couples who are sterile. In medical usage, sterility usually refers to inability to produce a live @entity1 , while @entity249 is measured by failure to conceive after 1 year without contraception. In demographic usage, sterility refers to nonsurgically-achieved inability to procreate, while (in English) fecundity refers to capacity to produce a live @entity1 and fertility and @entity249 refer to reproductive performance rather than capacity. Such statements recently encountered in the popular press and the scientific literature as "15% of couples are unable to have @entity1 " are proven false by survey and census data which show that the proportion of nonsingle @entity1 who are voluntarily or involuntarily childless is much lower. Difficulty in conceiving is more common than outright sterility. Data from preindustrial populations characterized by natural fertility as well as from contemporary populations which have discontinued contraception to generate pregnancies both indicate that significant numbers of @entity1 continue to become pregnant after more than 1 year without contraception, thereby casting doubt on the validity of the 1-year criterion for diagnosing @entity249 . A British prospective study of @entity1 25 years old and over showed that the proportions of @entity1 not giving birth at 24, 36, and 42 months after discontinuing contraception were higher for oral contraceptives (OCs) than for other methods. After 24 months, 20.8% of nulliparous and 10.4% of multiparous @entity1 who had discontinued OCs had not given birth, compared to 15.5% of nulliparous and 8.1% of multiparous @entity1 who had used another method. Significant proportions continued to give birth through the end of the study. A different study, of @entity1 who had already given birth in a Boston hospital, indicated that the amount of time required for 90% of the sample to become pregnant after discontinuing contraception was 24 months after OC use, 14 months after IUD use, 10 months after diaphragm use, and 13 months after use of other methods. An American study of 597 couples treated for @entity249 and 548 "infertile" couples who were not treated suggested that the pregnancy rates of both groups were very similar. Only in 12.8% of the sample suffering from particularly severe clinical causes of @entity249 were pregnancies clearly obtained as a result of treatment. 66.9% of the other pregnancies were judged to have been obtained independently of treatment. Recent surveys and mathematical models of fecundability based on empirical data from noncontracepting populations indicate that, although the great majority of couples conceive within 1 year, the probability of conception after a year is far from null. Claims that sterility and difficulties in conceiving are on the increase because of @entity2953 , that increasing numbers are consulting physicians because of @entity249 , and that @entity1 are waiting longer to have @entity1 are difficult to judge with available data and merit further study.

title: [Sterility and XXXX : two concepts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']