abstract: A longitudinal study identified 987 foetal uropathies over a 13-year period. There were 147 @entity204 . Forty @entity1 died as a result of a lethal @entity3551 in the presence of associated @entity154 . Sixty-six @entity1 with an isolated @entity3551 died. There were 4 cot @entity204 , 2 obstetric related @entity204 , and 34 @entity204 caused by associated @entity154 . There was 1 termination of pregnancy following a false-positive diagnosis of @entity3551 . Of the 147 @entity204 , 34 occurred postnatally, 20 within 24 hours. Twenty-nine @entity1 were spontaneously aborted. There were 78 terminations of pregnancy, 43% occurring after 24 weeks of gestation. There was complete concordance in antenatal and postnatal diagnoses in 113 (77%) cases and incomplete concordance in 19 (13%) cases. There were 14 false-negative diagnoses (9.5%). The relative frequency of different lethal congenital uropathies is detailed. Accurate in utero diagnosis of @entity3551 and hence prediction of outcome is possible. The relatively late gestational age at time of diagnosis remains a constraint when fatal @entity600 would otherwise prompt termination of pregnancy.

title: Mortality after an antenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['foetal uropathy', 'uropathy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['foetal uropathy']


abstract: Distant @entity3 in differentiated @entity259 involve mainly lung and bone. Lung @entity3 were found in 5% of papillary forms and 10% of follicular forms respectively. I 131 uptake was found in 55% of the cases irrespective of histology. Bone @entity3 were found in 20% of follicular and 3.5% of papillary forms, respectively. Ablation of post-operative thyroid remnants is obtained by administering 3.7 GBq 1 131; I 131 (.2 to .4 GBq) is then used to localize distant @entity3 and a further 3.7 to 7.4 GBq is administered for therapy. Results are good in lung @entity3 , with a survival of 72% at 5 years. Bone @entity3 cannot be cured with I 131 alone. Surgery is indicated as a first line therapy if possible. In order to reduce the vascularization of the metastase a pre-operative embolization should be attempted. After bone surgery a therapeutic dose of I 131 is given if a post-operative 1 131 uptake is found. Others treatments of bone @entity3 are palliative surgery, external radiotherapy, cementing of the @entity3 .

title: [Distant metastasis of differentiated XXXX . Diagnosis by 131 iodine (I 131) and treatment].

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancers']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 presented a midline @entity5 manifesting as @entity2896 palsy in May 1997. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a midline @entity5 . She underwent surgery twice with the transsphenoidal approach and gamma knife surgery for @entity41 . The histological diagnosis was @entity3580 . MR imaging revealed that the @entity5 had extended to the right cerebellopontine angle, with spinal seeding in February 2002. She underwent partial removal of the @entity5513 . The histological diagnosis was @entity3580 with slight nuclear atypism. She died 5 years and 5 months after the first gamma knife surgery. Autopsy revealed multiple areas of spinal seeding. Histological examination confirmed malignant transformation with unique epithelial characteristics, possibly caused by gamma knife surgery.

title: Malignant transformation of XXXX after gamma knife surgery - case report - .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['right cerebellopontine angle tumor']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'clival tumor']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['right abducens']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['clival chordoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the independent contribution of nonfatal reinfarction to the risk of subsequent @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing thrombolytic therapy. BACKGROUND: A composite of "unsatisfactory outcomes" as an end point has increased statistical power and facilitated evaluation of evolving treatment regimens in @entity583 . The significance of nonfatal reinfarction as a component of a composite end point has not been evaluated in the thrombolytic @entity7971 . METHODS: Event rate of nonfatal reinfarction over 3-year follow-up was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity583 entered into the Thrombolysis in @entity583 Phase II trial. The independent risk of nonfatal reinfarction for subsequent @entity204 within various time intervals of follow-up was determined. The mortality rate after nonfatal reinfarction was compared with that of a matched control group. RESULTS: During 3-year follow-up, 349 of 3,339 @entity1 had a nonfatal reinfarction. Univariate predictors were history (antedating the index event) of angina (p = 0.01), @entity101 (p = 0.01), multivessel disease (p = 0.007) and not a current smoker (p = 0.003); the latter was an independent predictor (relative risk [RR] 1.3, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 1.8). Forty-three of the 349 @entity1 with a nonfatal reinfarction died: RR for @entity204 (vs. @entity1 without a nonfatal reinfarction) was 1.9 (99% CI 1.1 to 3.2) if reinfarction occurred within 42 days of study entry, 6.2 (99% CI 3.0 to 12.9) if reinfarction occurred between 43 and 365 days and 2.9 (99% CI 0.6 to 13.4) if reinfarction occurred between 366 days and 3 years. The cumulative 3-year @entity204 rate was 14.1% in @entity1 with a nonfatal reinfarction compared with 7.9% (p < 0.01) in a matched control group. Univariate predictors of @entity204 after nonfatal reinfarction were age > or = 65 years (p < 0.001), not low risk category (p = 0.015) and history of @entity712 before the index event (p < 0.001). Age > or = 65 years was the only independent predictor (RR 5.4, 99% CI 2.3 to 12.4). CONCLUSIONS: Nonfatal reinfarction is a strong and independent predictor for subsequent @entity204 . It represents a powerful component for a composite end point in @entity1 who received thrombolytic therapy after @entity583 .

title: Prognostic significance of nonfatal reinfarction during 3-year follow-up: results of the Thrombolysis in XXXX (TIMI) phase II clinical trial. The TIMI Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: The authors report a case of pregnancy which proceeded normally in a @entity1 who had @entity5343 . This is not a common condition for obstetricians to meet. Thanks to replacement hormone therapy a @entity1 with @entity5343 can become fertile and pregnancy usually starts in a @entity1 whose @entity1887 ( @entity5343 ) is known and has been treated. The consequences of this association are reviewed: In the first trimester of pregnancy the hormone state may become more disturbed because of intestinal troubles and can become acutely decompensated because of the "stress" of delivery and its immediate consequences. There are no maternal or fetal repercussions so long as hormone replacement is adequate. The delivery can be by the vaginal route unless there are obstetric contra-indications. These are the particular precautions that have to be undertaken, together with regular supervision of the mother to maintain her hormonal equilibrium: Looking for, prevention and treatment of any condition that may lead to adrenal decompensation: these are particularly intestinal upsets in the first trimester and @entity293 . At the end of pregnancy the @entity1 should be hospitalised with resuscitation carried out during and after delivery. These may need to be performed in addition to any surgical procedure that is carried out. The @entity1 does not have any particular treatment and can breast-feed.

title: [Pregnancy and XXXX . Apropos of a case and reminder of management procedures].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['chronic adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tendon tissue contains @entity2931 receptors and is therefore likely to be responsive to female sex hormones. Here we examine any effect of levels of female sex hormones associated with the menstrual cycle phase on corresponding tendon mechanical properties. METHODS: Fifteen healthy females aged 23 ( @entity8448 .0 years) underwent three assessments of medial gastrocnemius tendon mechanical properties. Assessments were carried out once during days 1-4, 12-14 and 20-23 (with day 1 being the first day of menstruation). Venous blood samples were taken on the same days as tendon properties assessments to quantify serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 . FINDINGS: There was no significant difference in the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius tendon over the course of the menstrual cycle (days 1-4, 65.08 (SEM 5.16 Nm m(-1)), days 12-14, 62.73 (SEM 5.82 Nm m(-1)), days 20-23, 66.74 (SEM 7.14 Nm m(-1))). There were also no significant differences in tendon length and cross-sectional area which led to no significant differences in Young's modulus values. No correlations were found between serum levels of @entity53 and/or @entity1420 and tendon stiffness and/or Young's modulus. INTERPRETATION: Acute fluctuations in female sex hormones have no significant effect on medial gastrocnemius tendon mechanical properties. In a context where studies are often limited to selecting only oral contraceptive-users as @entity1 in order to minimise potential noise related to the anticipated effects of menstrual cycle hormones on physical performance, our findings provide the basis for enabling the pooling of female tendon data, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle of individual @entity1 .

title: Menstrual cycle variations in XXXX and @entity1420 have no impact on in vivo medial gastrocnemius tendon mechanical properties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the biocompatibility of the @entity10124 ( @entity7050 )/collagen type I scaffold with @entity35 vaginal epithelial cells, and the feasibility of using @entity7050 /collagen type I as scaffold to reconstruct vagina by the tissue engineering. METHODS: @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffold was prepared with @entity7050 covered @entity7055 and collagen type I. The vaginal epithelial cells of @entity35 of 10-12 weeks old were cultured by enzyme digestion method. The vaginal epithelial cells of passage 2 were cultured in the leaching liquor of scaffold for 48 hours to detect its @entity137 by @entity98 . The vaginal epithelial cells were inoculated on the @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffold (experimental group) and @entity7050 scaffold (control group) to calculate the cell adhesion rate. Epithelial cells-scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously on the @entity35 back. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, the epithelial cells-scaffold complexes were harvested to observe the cell growth by HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The epithelial cells-scaffold complexes were transplanted to reconstruct vagina in 6 @entity35 with @entity8218 . After 3 and 6 months, the vaginal length was measured and the appearance was observed. The neovagina tissues were harvested for histological evaluation after 6 months. RESULTS: The epithelial cells grew and proliferated well in the leaching liquor of @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffold, and the @entity137 was at grade 1. The cell adhesion rate on the @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffold was 71.8%  9.2%, which significantly higher than that on the @entity7050 scaffold (63.4%  5.7%) (t=2.195, P=0.005). The epithelial cells could grow and adhere to the @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffolds. At 2 weeks after implanted subcutaneously, the epithelial cells grew and proliferated in the pores of scaffolds, and the fibroblasts were observed. At 4 weeks, 1-3 layers epithelium formed on the surface of scaffold. At 8 weeks, the epithelial cells increased and arranged regularly, which formed the membrane-like layer on the scaffold. The keratin expression of the epithelium was positive. At 3 months after transplantation in situ, the vaginal mucosa showed pink and @entity2543 , and the majority of scaffold degraded. After 6 months, the neovagina length was 1.2 cm, without obvious @entity850 ; the vaginal mucosa had similar appearance and epithelial layer to normal vagina, but it had less duplicature; there were nail-like processes in the basal layer, but the number was less than that of normal vagina. The immunohistochemistry staining for keratin was positive. CONCLUSION: The @entity7050 /collagen type I scaffolds have good cytocompatibility with the epithelial cells, and can be used as the biodegradable polymer scaffold of the vaginal tissue engineering.

title: [BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF @entity10124 /COLLAGEN TYPE I SCAFFOLD WITH XXXX VAGINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['lustrous epithelialization']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-lactide-co-glycolide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8218 :: ('MESH:D014623', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal defect']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['RAT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of epigenetic alterations with a main focus on nuclear area, aneuploidy, hyperploidy, and proliferation in 70 @entity43 specimens. METHODS: Morphometric changes and somatic chromosomal ploidy status were assessed by Feulgen spectrophotometry. DNA-hypomethylation of LINE1 repeats was analyzed by means of MethyLight PCR, and methylation levels of satellite 2 (Sat2) and satellite alpha (Sata) DNA sequences in chromosome 1 were measured by Southern blot analysis. These parameters were analyzed with regard to correlations as well as to recurrence and survival. RESULTS: We identified a significant association between LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation and @entity1 age (p=0.029). Furthermore, LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation was positively correlated with the nuclear area (r=0.47; p<0.001) and the proliferation index (r=0.36; p<0.001). Univariate survival analysis showed that the nuclear area and LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation were prognostic factors for overall (p=0.015 and =0.006, respectively) and progression-free survival (p=0.020 and p=0.001 respectively), the percentage of aneuploidy only for overall survival (p=0.031). Subgroup survival analyses revealed that the prognostic value of these factors is strictly confined to @entity5 . In @entity5 no prognostic value could be pointed out for any analyzed parameter. Multivariate analysis of the entire cohort showed that the percentage of hyperploidy was an independent prognostic parameter for overall survival (p=0.003) and LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation for progression-free survival (p=0.03). In @entity5 nuclear area and LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation were found to be independent predictors of progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we identified the correlations between early @entity5 -associated genome DNA-hypomethylation, nuclear morphometric changes, somatic chromosomal ploidy status and the proliferation index. Prognostic relevance of nuclear area and LINE1 DNA-hypomethylation was revealed exclusively in mucinous @entity43 .

title: DNA ploidy, nuclear size, proliferation index and DNA-hypomethylation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['serous cancers', 'cancer', 'mucinous cancers']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim was to explore the relation of @entity1 milk @entity8665 ; @entity1877 ; and @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) with recognition memory abilities of six-month-olds. Milk samples obtained three to four months postpartum were analyzed for @entity1718 , @entity8665 , and @entity1877 . At six months, @entity1 were invited to an electrophysiology session. Recognition memory was tested with a 70-30 oddball paradigm in a high-density 128-lead event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. Complete data were available for 55 @entity1 . Data were averaged at six groupings (Frontal Right; Frontal Central; Frontal Left; Central; Midline; and Parietal) for latency to peak, peak amplitude, and mean amplitude. Difference scores were calculated as familiar minus novel. Final regression models revealed the @entity8665 X free @entity1877 interaction was significant for the difference in latency scores at frontal and central areas (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001; respectively). Higher @entity1877 levels with higher @entity8665 levels were related to better recognition memory. The @entity4601 X free @entity1877 interaction was also significant for the difference in latency scores at frontal, central, and midline areas (p < 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.05 respectively). Higher @entity1877 with higher @entity4601 was related to better recognition memory. Interactions between @entity1 milk nutrients appear important in predicting @entity1 cognition, and there may be a benefit to specific nutrient combinations.

title: Synergistic Effects of @entity1 Milk Nutrients in the Support of XXXX Recognition Memory: An Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: @entity2718 toxin A ( @entity928 ) mediates secretion and @entity32 in experimental @entity1964 . Intravital video microscopy was used to define the mechanisms that underlie the inflammatory reactions elicited by direct exposure of the microvasculature to @entity928 . Leukocyte adherence and emigration, @entity1423 , and extravasation of @entity2823 -albumin were monitored in @entity35 mesenteric venules exposed to @entity928 . Significant increases in leukocyte adherence and emigration (LAE) and albumin leakage were noted within 15-30 min of @entity928 exposure. These responses were accompanied by mast cell degranulation and the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. The @entity928 -induced increases in LAE and albumin leakage were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with either monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins, CD11/CD18, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin (but not E-selectin) or with sialyl Lewis x, a counter-receptor for P-selectin. The mast cell stabilizer, @entity23192 , an H1- (but not an H2-) receptor antagonist, and @entity7228 oxidase (histaminase) were also effective in reducing the LAE and albumin leakage elicited by @entity928 . The platelet-leukocyte aggregation response was blunted by an mAb against P-selectin, sialyl Lewis x, and the H1-receptor antagonist. These observations indicate that @entity928 induces a leukocyte-dependent leakage of albumin from postcapillary venules. Mast cell-derived @entity112 appears to mediate at least part of the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and platelet-leukocyte aggregation by engaging H1-receptors on endothelial cells and platelets to increase the expression of P-selectin. The adhesion glycoproteins CD11/CD18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 also contribute to the inflammatory responses elicited by toxin A.

title: @entity2718 toxin A-induced microvascular dysfunction. Role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23192 :: ('MESH:C021702', 'Chemical') :: ['lodoxamide']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte-platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity7228 :: ('CHEBI:15571', 'Chemical') :: ['diamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: @entity1855 or placebo was administered as a bolus infusion in a double-blind fashion to 24 @entity1 with either @entity955 or flutter and to ten @entity1 with @entity4710 . @entity1 whose heart rate did not decrease below 100 beats/min were given a second dose. Of the 24 @entity1 with @entity955 or flutter, 11 received placebo first. Control heart rate and blood pressure were not modified by placebo; however, @entity1855 significantly reduced heart rate and systolic blood pressure in the 24 @entity1 . Of the ten @entity1 with @entity4710 , one reverted to sinus rhythm after administration of placebo. For the remaining nine, the heart rate was not modified by placebo but was significantly reduced by @entity1855 administration. Blood pressure was not modified by @entity1855 or placebo in these ten @entity1 . Long-term oral @entity1855 treatment was maintained without interruption in 18 @entity1 for a mean of 16 +/- 7.5 months, and 15 @entity1 required concomitant therapy with other antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm control. All @entity1 reported symptomatic improvement, and the number of hospitalizations required for @entity943 control decreased significantly. @entity1855 is safe and effective for acute control of @entity943 . Long-term oral administration, alone or with other antiarrhythmic drugs, is an important contribution to the management of recurrent @entity943 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with intravenous and oral @entity1855 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prognosis of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is poor, especially for advanced stages IIIB-IV. Clinical experience shows that the evolution of the disease is heterogeneous. A small number of @entity1 survive more than 2 years after diagnosis; they are called long term survivors (LS). The aim of our study was to characterise this subgroup of @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study in the respiratory department of a general hospital including all @entity1 with a proven diagnosis of @entity1149 stage IIIB and IV. RESULTS: 169 @entity1 were included (43 females). There were 13.6% LS. Two thirds of the @entity1 were PS 0-1, 84.6% were stage IIIBw-IV. @entity420 was the predominant histological type. Univariate analysis revealed that long term survival was associated with a Charlson's score < or = 2, PS 0-1, a normal white blood cell count at diagnosis, @entity420 histology, response (RP) to first line treatment and treatment with a @entity669 -kinase inhibitor (TKI). In multivariate analysis only PS 0-1, RP and treatment with a TKI were independent factors for longer survival. CONCLUSION: LS exist and represent 13.6% of our @entity1 . TKI appear to offer new opportunities for these @entity1 .

title: [Long-term survivors of advanced XXXX : characterisation and prognostic factors in a retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Dendritic polymer nanoparticles such as @entity21454 dendrimers ( @entity21455 ) show exciting potential for biomedical applications. While the potential commercial applications of such dendrimers have received considerable attention, little is known about their possible adverse effects on both @entity1 and the environment. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicocity of full generation @entity21455 dendrimers to two @entity1 cell lines was investigated. Generations G4, G5 and G6 were chosen. Metabolic, lysosomal and mitochondrial activities were evaluated after 24h exposure. Long term @entity137 was evaluated using the clonogenic assay. Particle size and zeta potential were measured in all media. In culture medium, the particle size was largely unchanged from that observed in @entity1391 buffer. The zeta potential changed significantly, however, from positive in deionized water to negative in culture medium. A linear correlation was found between the change in zeta potential of the dendrimers in media and their surface area measured in @entity1391 buffer. The interaction of the dendrimer nanoparticles with 5% @entity4434 supplemented media was also studied using UV/visible spectroscopy. The data suggest significant interaction of nanoparticles with @entity4434 and other media components which increased with dendrimer generation. The @entity137 also correlated linearly with the zeta potential and notably the change in zeta potential in the media, further pointing towards indirect toxic mechanisms. A trend of generation dependent toxic response and interaction of the dendrimers with the cell culture media was observed which may lay the basis of structure activity relationships.

title: In vitro XXXX cytotoxicological study of @entity21455 dendrimers - towards quantitative structure activity relationships.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamidoamine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: In Exp. 1, the changes in pulsatile LH secretion at the onset of the breeding season were observed in 20 intact, mature Saanen does. Blood was sampled every 20 min for 6 h each week from the beginning of August until the onset of ovulatory activity, as evidenced by cycles in plasma @entity1420 . The first doe ovulated at the end of August and all were cycling by the end of September. As the first ovulation approached, LH pulse frequency increased by 67% and mean levels of LH increased by 47%. These changes were progressive rather than abrupt. In Exp. 2, seasonal changes in the inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion by ovarian steroids were studied in ovariectomized Saanen does. The animals were untreated (N = 4) or given subcutaneous @entity53 implants (N = 4) and blood was sampled every 10 min for 6 h, twice during the breeding season and twice during the anoestrous season. In each season, the second series of samples was taken after the animals had been treated with @entity1420 , administered by intravaginal implants. Season did not significantly affect LH secretion in @entity1237 not treated with @entity53 , but LH pulse frequency was 54% lower during the anoestrous season than during the breeding season in @entity53 -treated @entity1237 . Mean LH concentrations were affected in the same manner as pulse frequency, but pulse amplitude was increased by @entity53 treatment in both seasons. @entity1420 had no detectable effect on LH secretion in either season. In Exp. 3, the response to repeated @entity2493 injections at a set time after dawn was investigated in 11 @entity53 -treated, ovariectomized @entity1237 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Seasonal and hormonal control of pulsatile LH secretion in the dairy @entity1237 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['Capra hircus']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pressure @entity158 threshold ( @entity3445 ), tested at 2 standardized sites, could provide additional prognostic ability to predict short-term outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity7125 , after controlling for age, sex, and baseline @entity158 intensity. BACKGROUND: @entity3445 may be a valuable assessment and prognostic indicator for @entity1 with @entity74 . The extent to which @entity3445 can predict short-term disability scores has yet to be explored in @entity1 with acute (of less than 30 days in duration) @entity74 in a clinical setting. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were recruited from community-based physiotherapy clinics in Canada. Baseline measurements included @entity3445 , as well as @entity158 intensity, age, and sex. Neck-related disability was collected with the Neck Disability Index 1 to 3 months after @entity3445 testing. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the unique contribution of @entity3445 in the prediction of follow-up disability scores. RESULTS: A total of 45 subjects provided complete data. A regression model that included sex, baseline @entity158 intensity, and @entity3445 at the distal tibialis anterior site was the most parsimonious model for predicting short-term Neck Disability Index scores 1 to 3 months after @entity3445 testing, explaining 38.6% of the variance in outcome. None of the other variables significantly improved the predictive power of the model. CONCLUSION: Sex, @entity158 intensity, and @entity3445 measured at a site distal to the injury were the most parsimonious set of predictors of short-term neck-related disability score, and represented promising additions to assessment of traumatic @entity4048 . Neither age nor @entity3445 at the local site was able to explain significant variance beyond those 3 predictors. Limitations to interpretation are addressed.

title: Pressure @entity158 threshold testing demonstrates predictive ability in @entity1 with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash-associated disorder']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash']


abstract: Since 1973, @entity5990 can be extracted from the common bile duct after endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). The success rate amounts to 90%. Complications occur in 7%, and 1% of the @entity1 will die. The most frequent complication is @entity548 (30%), but only 10% of these cases require surgery. Results of EPT are more favourable than those of surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary, but in the event of @entity221 , @entity3405 antibiotics or modern cephalosporins are indicated. When stone extraction fails, several different methods of lithotripsy can be employed: endoscopic mechanic, endoscopic electrohydraulic, and the recently developed extracorporeally generated shock-waves. Lithotripsy will succeed in 80-90% of cases. As late sequelae after EPT cannot be completely excluded, dilatation of the papilla by balloon catheter was developed. However, the number of @entity1 treated is still very small. When these methods fail or are not available, common bile duct stones can be chemically dissolved. Irrigation media are infused into the biliary tree via a nasobiliary tube after EPT or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. The substances used are @entity165 solvents such as @entity9316 , GMOC or @entity7389 . A buffered 1% @entity1098 solution is used for @entity648 stones. Stone dissolution will succeed in 50-70% of cases. Side-effects include @entity255 and @entity9317 .

title: Endoscopic therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity9316 :: ('MESH:C025343', 'Chemical') :: ['mono-octanoin']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium bilirubinate']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['biliary calculi']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['biliary calculi']


abstract: Cell migration or trafficking is an integral aspect of @entity5 @entity3 and is a target for development of novel antimetastatic therapy. @entity5 cell trafficking has been a poorly understood phenomenon due to the inability to visualize the process. In this study, we visualized the trafficking of metastatic cells targeting the liver via the portal vein using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity5 cells. Within 72 h after transplantation of @entity5 cells, on the ascending colon in @entity19 , @entity3 was visualized ex vivo on a single-cell basis around the portal vein by GFP imaging. At this early time-point, a few cells were visualized trafficking to the liver via the portal vein. By post-implantation day-5, the caudate lobe of the liver was involved with trafficking metastatic cells. @entity3 around the portal vein increased more rapidly than those in other areas of the liver. By day-7 post-implantation, the right lateral lobe of the liver was involved with trafficking metastatic cells. By days-9 and -11, @entity3 increased rapidly around the portal vein and then spread to other areas of the liver. These experiments demonstrate the critical role of the portal vein in @entity3 to the liver.

title: Visualizing portal vein metastatic trafficking to the liver with green fluorescent protein-expressing XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Since the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation approved the use of @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) in @entity1 , efforts have been made to adapt AED algorithms designed for adult @entity1 to detect paediatric @entity943 accurately. In this study, we assess the performance of two spectral (A(2) and VFleak) and two morphological parameters (TCI and CM) for the detection of lethal @entity943 using an @entity299 ( @entity299 ) compliant database that includes adult and paediatric @entity943 . Our objective was to evaluate how those parameters can be optimally adjusted to discriminate shockable from nonshockable rhythms in adult and paediatric @entity1 . A total of 1473 records were analysed: 751 from 387 paediatric @entity1 (<or=16 years of age) and 722 records from 381 adult @entity1 . The spectral parameters showed no significant differences (p > 0.01) between the adult and paediatric @entity1 for the shockable records; the differences for nonshockable records however were significant. Still, these parameters maintained the discrimination power when paediatric rhythms were included. A single threshold could be adjusted to obtain sensitivities and specificities above the @entity299 goals for the complete database. The sensitivities for @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) were 91.1% and 96.6% for VFleak, and 90.3% and 99.3% for A(2). The specificities for normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and other nonshockable rhythms were 99.5% and 96.3% for VFleak, and 99.0% and 97.7% for A(2). On the other hand, the morphological parameters showed significant differences between the adult and paediatric @entity1 , particularly for the nonshockable records, because of the faster heart rates of the paediatric rhythms. Their performance clearly degraded with paediatric rhythms. Using a single threshold, the sensitivities and specificities were below the @entity299 goals, particularly @entity1165 sensitivity (60.4% for TCI and 65.8% for CM) and the specificity for other nonshockable rhythms (51.7% for TCI and 34.5% for CM). The specificities, particularly for the adult case, improve when the thresholds are independently adjusted for each adult and paediatric database.

title: ECG spectral and morphological parameters reviewed and updated to detect adult and paediatric life-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['automated external defibrillators', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Gills of euryhaline teleosts are excellent models for studying osmotic-stress adaptation because they directly contact the aquatic environment and are an important effector tissue during osmotic stress. We acclimated tilapia ( @entity13864 ) from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW); performed suppression subtractive hybridization of gill mRNAs; and identified two transcription factors, osmotic stress transcription factor 1 ( @entity25188 ) and the tilapia homolog of transcription factor II B (TFIIB), that are rapidly and transiently induced during hyperosmotic stress. mRNA levels increase 6-fold for @entity25188 and 4-fold for TFIIB, and they reach maxima 2 h after SW transfer. Protein levels increase 7.5-fold for @entity25188 and 9-fold for TFIIB, and they reach maxima 4 h after SW transfer. Induction of @entity25188 and TFIIB increases gradually with increasing salinity. Induction of @entity25188 and TFIIB is specific for osmotic stress and absent during oxidative stress (1 mM @entity274 ) or @entity1457 (+10 degrees C). Bioinformatic analysis of @entity25188 reveals that it is a transcription factor of the TGF-beta-stimulated clone 22/GILZ family. Because some @entity1 homologs are strongly induced by glucocorticoids, @entity25188 may represent the molecular link between the SW hormone @entity701 and transcriptional regulation of ion transport and cell differentiation in teleost gills. Coinduction of @entity25188 and TFIIB may serve to recruit TFIIB preferentially to @entity25188 target genes during hyperosmotic stress and compensate for reduced rates of transcription resulting from salt-induced chromatin compaction. We conclude that @entity25188 and TFIIB are critical elements of osmosensory signal transduction in euryhaline teleosts that mediate osmotic adaptation by means of transcriptional regulation.

title: Rapid hyperosmotic coinduction of two tilapia ( XXXX ) transcription factors in gill cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity13864 :: ('8127', 'Species') :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']

answer: @entity13864 :: (8127,Species) :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']


abstract: This study suggests a molecular mechanism that explains the accumulation of denaturated @entity2690 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of beta-cells. Such states were frequently observed in beta-cells experiencing increased demand for insulin production and were shown to lead to @entity409 and @entity6 . Here, a self-consistent kinetic model is used to investigate changes in protein translation due to ER overloading. The model is based on a molecular theory that relates the molecular composition and level of molecular crowding in the ER to the kinetic rates of protein folding/misfolding and transit to the Golgi apparatus (GA). This study suggests that molecular crowding forces can increase protein misfolding and impair the transport to the GA, thus overwhelming the quality control mechanism in the ER. A continual accumulation of toxic residues in the ER enhances even further the molecular crowding, accelerating protein denaturation. This article shows that molecular crowding affects differently the transit of various proteins through the ER. Apparently, the molecular crowding level that can inhibit the transport of native @entity2690 to the GA influences to a lesser extent the transit of proamylin, a much smaller peptide cosynthesized with @entity2690 in the ER. Smaller-volume misfolded @entity2690 species may also win the passage competition through the ER and move on the secretory track. However, misfolded @entity2690 fails the conversion to active insulin. This study can help us to decipher circumstances leading to the alteration of the secretory function in susceptible beta-cells and the onset of @entity6 .

title: Endoplasmic reticulum overcrowding as a mechanism of beta-cell dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['secretory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Experimental and observational studies suggest a role for increased @entity414 in @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). This study aimed to systematically review the association between serum @entity414 (SUA) levels and @entity1561 . Method and Study Design: We used PubMed, and the EMBASE data-base to identify all applicable studies through November 2015. We used the @entity353 ( @entity353 ) to demonstrate the differences between the control and @entity1561 groups in continuous data. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous data using the Mantel-Haenszel method. A total of 16 observational studies were identified and used for the analysis of continuous data, and 4 studies were analyzed for dichotomous data. RESULTS: The @entity353 was 52.3 (95% CI: 39.0, 65.5, p<0.00001). The pooled OR in observational studies was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.93-2.24, p<0.00001). The results were heterogeneous for the comparison of continuous data and homogeneous for the comparison of dichotomous data. The SUA cutoff value for the occurrence of @entity1561 was 308, with a sensitivity of 94.12% [71.3-99.9] and specificity of 70.6% [44.0-89.7]. CONCLUSION: We observed a positive association between increased SUA levels and the diagnosis of @entity1561 in all analyses. Our results suggest that SUA is upregulated in @entity1 with @entity1561 and might be related to the pathogenesis of @entity1561 .

title: Serum XXXX levels in non-alcoholic steatosis @entity1 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: AIMS: Progress in tissue preservation (high-pressure freezing), data acquisition (tomographic electron microscopy; TEM) and analysis (image segmentation and quantification) have greatly improved the level of information extracted from ultrastructural images. Here, we combined these methods and developed analytical tools to provide an in-depth morphometric description of the intercalated disc (ID) in adult @entity19 ventricle. As a point of comparison, we characterized the ultrastructure of the ID in @entity19 heterozygous-null for the desmosomal gene @entity6428 ( @entity6428 ; @entity19 dubbed @entity6428 -Hz). METHODS AND RESULTS: Tomographic EM images of thin sections of adult @entity19 ventricular tissue were processed by image segmentation analysis. Novel morphometric routines allowed us to generate the first quantitative description of the ID intercellular space based on three-dimensional data. We show that complex invaginations of the cell membrane increased total ID surface area by two orders of magnitude. In addition, @entity6428 -Hz samples showed increased average intercellular spacing, intercalated disc surface area and membrane tortuosity, as well as reduced number and length of mechanical junctions when compared to control. Finally, we observed membranous structures reminiscent of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum at the ID, which were significantly more abundant in @entity6428 -Hz hearts. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a systematic method to characterize the ultrastructure of the intercellular space in the adult @entity19 ventricle and have provided a quantitative description of the structure of the intercellular membranes and of the intercellular space. We further show that @entity6428 deficiency associates with ultrastructural defects. The possible importance of the intercellular space in cardiac behavior is discussed.

title: Ultrastructure of the intercellular space in adult XXXX ventricle revealed by quantitative tomographic electron microscopy.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 340 Background: There are few effective salvage treatment options for @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity5 . @entity1 who remain disease-free for 2 years after surgical removal of regional lymph node @entity3 are likely cured of the disease, but the survival is short for those who recur. Our objective was to estimate the efficacy of salvage treatments for metastatic @entity5 after neoadjuvant @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 . METHODS: @entity1 are from a 30- @entity1 cohort who we saw between April 2000 and September 2008 presenting with stage @entity18021 -3M0 squamous cell @entity189 . All were treated with 1 to 4 courses of neoadjuvant @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 chemotherapy prior to planned lymphadenectomy. For the @entity1 who had progression or recurrence of disease, we retrospectively evaluated the salvage therapies given, response data, and survival times from the date of first progression. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 30 @entity1 (63.3%) had @entity5 progression and 17 received one or more salvage therapies. Median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range 24-72 years). The median survival from time of first progression was 5.8 months (range 3.7 to 30.9 months). Two of five @entity1 (40%) who had received @entity1732 , @entity1499 , and @entity900 experienced an objective response (1 complete and 1 partial), and one (20%) developed @entity55 . Two @entity1 had received @entity136 combinations without response. Two @entity1 had received @entity470 -targeted therapy with @entity4562 or cetuximab and @entity900 , both without response. Three @entity1 had received chemo-radiotherapy, one with stable disease for 13.5 months and 2 with no apparent benefit. Five @entity1 underwent salvage surgery, and they all progressed within 2 months with one case of fatal @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 that progresses through or recurs after front-line neoadjuvant chemotherapy have poor responses to the described salvage treatments, and median overall survival is less than 6 months. Emphasis should be placed on clinical trials for development of effective therapy in this setting.

title: Salvage treatment for metastatic XXXX after first-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 : Analysis of response and survival outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity12594 (antimuscarinic), @entity22776 (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist) or both in @entity1 with male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 and concomitant @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 aged at least 50 years who had a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or higher and bladder dairy documenting micturition frequency (more than eight micturitions/24 h) and urgency (more than one episode/24 h), with or without urgency urinary incontinence were randomized into three groups: group N, @entity22776 (50 mg once daily) only; group P, @entity12594 (20 mg once daily); and group NP, @entity22776 (50 mg once daily) plus @entity12594 (20 mg once daily) for a 4-week treatment regimen. RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity1 , including 20 in group N, 23 in group P and 23 in group NP, were treated and 58 (87.9%) completed the 4 weeks of treatment. IPSS improved significantly in groups N and NP. Urinary frequency improved significantly in groups P and NP. Postvoid residual urine volume increased significantly in groups P and NP. Significant improvements in urgency episodes were noted in each group. One @entity1 in group P required catheterization owing to acute urinary retention and another stopped medication because of difficulty in voiding. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that each treatment showed effectiveness for male LUTS with @entity2182 . However, there are some possibilities of adverse effects with @entity12594 monotherapy.

title: XXXX and @entity12594 for treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of @entity1067 and concomitant @entity2182 : a prospective randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity22776 :: ('MESH:C064357', 'Chemical') :: ['naftopidil']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity22776 :: (MESH:C064357,Chemical) :: ['Naftopidil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity441 therapy on menopausal symptoms, @entity308 and @entity148 scores using Kupperman's Scale, @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and Beck Anxiety Rating Scale (BARS) in @entity6092 postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomised, parallel and open labeled clinical study. One-hundred thirty-two postmenopausal @entity6092 @entity1 with natural menopause enrolled into the study. One-hundred twenty-four of them completed the study. Group I @entity1 were treated with oral @entity441 (60 mg/day), Group II @entity1 were treated with oral @entity460 supplementation (1000   mg/day) for 3 months. The @entity1 's menopausal, @entity308 and @entity148 symptoms were assessed by using Kupperman's Scale, @entity308 and BARS, before and at the end of treatment. For statistical analysis unpaired t, ANOVA, RM-ANOVA, MANCOVA, Pearson correlation tests were used. Statistical significance level was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: Baseline Kupperman's Scale, @entity308 and BARS scores were not different among two groups. At the end of 3 months of therapy, there was improvement in menopausal symptoms, @entity308 and @entity148 scores within both groups. When we compared change of scores before and after the treatment; group I scores were better than group II scores. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity441 may have a positive effect on mood in @entity6092 postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: XXXX : is it really effective on mood changes in postmenopausal @entity6092 @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'depressive', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity441 :: (MESH:D020849,Chemical) :: ['Raloxifene']


abstract: PROBLEM: The @entity3567 ( @entity3567 ) express @entity18698 and @entity6393 , but @entity3998 and @entity18699 are the subject of conflicting reports. In this study, we define the HLA expression profile during active @entity3567 placental implantation, pregnancy development, and parturition. METHOD OF STUDY: Immunohistochemistry, q-PCR, and Western blot were used to investigate @entity18698 , @entity3998 , and @entity18699 placental expression across gestation from the early first trimester, late first trimester, second trimester (n=10 in each), preterm gestation (n=6) to elective term cesarean section and term vaginal deliveries (n=12, 38-41  weeks). @entity3567 explants and Swan71 cells were used to assess @entity18698 and @entity18699 during active @entity3567 migration. RESULTS: @entity6393 , @entity18698 , and @entity18699 were expressed by 1st-trimester @entity3567 and became intracellular and weaker as gestation progressed. @entity3998 was only expressed in 1st-trimester placenta. @entity18699 and @entity18698 mRNA and protein expression levels showed a significant increase in the fetal villous mesenchyme across gestation. @entity18698 levels increased with labor. We detected a 100-kDa @entity18699 band in early pregnancy suggesting dimer formation on the @entity3567 surface. These results were confirmed in @entity3567 outgrowths and Swan71 trophoblast which showed that @entity18699 and @entity6393 are increased on the cell surface of migrating @entity3567 , while @entity18698 was internalized. CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity18699 and @entity6393 on the cell surface of actively migrating @entity3567 supports their specific role in early @entity3567 invasion and interactions with uterine natural killer cells. @entity18698 's limited expression to the proliferative @entity3567 suggests a protective role in the earliest events of implantation but not in active @entity3567 invasion. We also show for the first time that @entity18698 may be involved in parturition.

title: Definitive class I human leukocyte antigen expression in gestational placentation: @entity18699 , @entity3998 , @entity18698 , and XXXX in extravillous trophoblast invasion on placentation, pregnancy, and parturition.

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['extravillous trophoblasts', 'EVT']

answer: @entity6393 :: (3135,Gene) :: ['HLA-G']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS/BACKGROUND: @entity8719 is a frequent cause of @entity393 in the Caucasian population and is characterized by abnormal bone remodeling of the otic capsule. Associations with several genes have been reported, and recently, an association between the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system and @entity8719 has been suggested. Polymorphisms in 3 genes were investigated: @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), angiotensin I-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ), and angiotensin II receptor, type 1. The polymorphisms in @entity2178 and @entity1289 were associated with disease, and both were reported to interact with each other. In the current study, a replication study was done in a large Belgian-Dutch population to investigate whether this association could be replicated. METHODS: The same 3 polymorphisms in @entity2178 , @entity19072 as analyzed in the original study were investigated in 692 @entity8719 @entity1 and 692 controls of Belgian-Dutch origin. RESULTS: None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with disease. Interaction between @entity2178 and @entity1289 polymorphisms was not significant either. CONCLUSION: We could not confirm the association between @entity2178 and @entity1289 , nor could we find evidence for interaction between both genes in @entity8719 . Because the current @entity1 set is much larger than the one from the original study, this study holds sufficient power to detect the previously reported associations. Nonreplication in this case probably indicates that the initial results were false positive, although a role for these genes in @entity8719 cannot be definitively ruled out.

title: No evidence for association between the renin-angiotensin- XXXX system and @entity8719 in a large Belgian-Dutch population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'Otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity19072 :: ('1636;185', 'Gene') :: ['ACE, and angiotensin II receptor, type 1']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: @entity792 is a rare, but severe complication after solid organ transplantation. We retrospectively analysed 57 paediatric intestinal transplants performed in 49 @entity1 between 1999 and 2009. @entity792 was observed in six @entity1 ; it appeared after an average of 10 months post-transplant. Warm autoimmune haemolytic @entity417 was developed in three @entity1 , cold autoimmune haemolytic @entity417 in one and two presented a mixed type. Incidence and causes for haematological cytopaenia such as the following were investigated: immunosuppression, major blood mismatch, @entity1800 , malignancy, @entity2214 and @entity1071 . Initial treatment included high-dose @entity230 , intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis and maintenance of body temperature above 37  C in those with cold autoantibodies. Inclusion of the spleen in multivisceral transplants seems to be an important risk factor. All @entity1 , except one, relapsed after classic therapy, requiring additional treatments. Sirolimus conversion was performed in four @entity1 . One died after infection. The immunosuppressive therapies associated with other concomitant factors, such as @entity1800 , @entity1071 , @entity2132 , @entity2214 and the inclusion of the spleen as part of multivisceral graft seem to play an important part in the development of autoimmune processes after intestinal transplantation. Therapy is not well established, especially in those resistant to first-line treatment.

title: XXXX after paediatric intestinal transplantation: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['passenger lymphocyte syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune cytopaenia']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune cytopaenia']


abstract: Studying the natural history of @entity453 could provide a frame of reference for prognosis and appraisal of treatment for @entity1 having this disease. We studied a total of 465 consecutive @entity1 with angiographically significant @entity453 , defined as greater than 50% stenosis in at least one principal artery, who were followed with medical treatment only from 1 to 7 years. Excluding @entity1 with left main @entity301 , there were 73 deaths, of whom 63 were cardiac. The 5-year cumulative survival rates were 72% for the entire group, 87% for @entity66 , 73% for @entity66 and 51% for @entity66 . In @entity66 , @entity1 with left anterior descending artery involvement tended to have higher mortality. In @entity66 , survival was worse with the combination of left anterior descending and right coronary artery involvements than the other 2 combinations. A history of @entity583 was not significantly different from angina in 5-year survival rate. Nevertheless, an abnormal Q-wave in ECG was associated with lower survival. History of @entity101 and @entity4346 did not affect survival. While @entity712 , abnormal resting LVEDP and left @entity67 were all associated with reduced survival. The left ventricular ejection fraction had highly prognostic value, only 42% of @entity1 survived with ejection fraction less than 0.3 at the end of 5 years after angiography.

title: Natural history of XXXX in relation to angiographic, hemodynamic and clinical factors.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease', 'double vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asynergy']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is associated with increased muscle protein breakdown. However, the role of different intracellular proteolytic pathways in burn-induced muscle proteolysis is not known. STUDY DESIGN: A 30 percent total body surface @entity130 was inflicted on @entity35 . Total and myofibrillar proteolysis was determined in incubated extensor digitorum longus muscles as release of @entity669 and @entity7981 , respectively. Lysosomal proteolysis was assessed by using the lysosomotropic agents @entity14630 and @entity8776 . @entity460 -dependent proteolysis was determined by incubating muscles in the absence or presence of @entity460 or by blocking the @entity460 -dependent proteases calpain I and II. Energy-dependent proteolysis was determined in muscles depleted of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) by @entity897 and @entity3212 . Muscle ubiquitin messenger RNA (mRNA) was determined by Northern blot analysis to assess @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. RESULTS: @entity460 -dependent total protein breakdown was stimulated in muscles from burned @entity35 . However, the sensitivity to @entity460 in vitro was not increased after burn. The lysosomal and energy-dependent components of total protein breakdown were doubled in muscles from burned @entity35 and the energy-dependent myofibrillar protein breakdown was increased almost seven-fold. Ubiquitin mRNA was increased in muscles from burned @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle. The ubiquitin-energy-dependent pathway may be particularly important for the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins.

title: XXXX stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle, including the ubiquitin-energy-dependent pathway.

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn injury', 'area burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Burn injury']


abstract: The non-depolarising muscle relaxants @entity5159 and @entity3369 have been found to exert variable effects on intraocular pressure (IOP). The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of @entity5159 and @entity3369 on IOP under standardized clinical conditions. A total of 40 @entity1 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were randomly allocated to 2 study groups. Following oral premedication with @entity5160 (0.3 mg/kg), anaesthesia was induced with @entity4490 (3-4 mg/kg) and @entity680 (15 micrograms/kg). Muscle relaxation was provided according to randomisation, with @entity1 in group 1 receiving 0.3 mg/kg @entity5159 and @entity1 in group 2 0.07 mg/kg @entity3369 . Anaesthesia was maintained with @entity5161 (0.5-0.8 vol%) and 70% @entity3810 in @entity26 . The @entity825 was intubated 4 min after induction and @entity121 . A total of nine measurements of IOP were taken in each @entity1 , starting before premedication and ending 5 min after endotracheal intubation. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in IOP after induction of anaesthesia with @entity4490 , @entity680 , and @entity5159 or @entity3369 . No difference in IOP was found between the groups. We conclude that both muscle relaxants can be given when increases in IOP have to be avoided.

title: Comparative effects of XXXX and @entity3369 on intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity5160 :: ('MESH:D003009', 'Chemical') :: ['dipotassium clorazepate']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity5159 :: (MESH:D001279,Chemical) :: ['atracurium']


abstract: The radiographic procedures used for examination of the facial area and paranasal sinuses of 235 @entity1641 are reported. Clinical indications for these examinations and the diagnoses made are reviewed. Unilateral nasal discharge was the commonest reason for radiography, accounting for about one third of cases, most of which had radiological signs of @entity5578 recognisable on erect lateral films. Oblique projections were required to obtain further information about the maxillary dental arcades and ventro-dorsal views demonstrated sinus expansion and extension of disease into the nasal cavity. In 24 @entity1641 with bilateral nasal discharge, the origin was usually shown to be in the lower respiratory tract and radiographic abnormalities were found in only 20 per cent of cases. @entity4 was a feature of 25 per cent of cases; the commonest causes were @entity1548 , best shown on oblique views with the @entity1 recumbent, and suture @entity1048 , easily demonstrated on erect lateral films. Other causes of @entity4 , which required multiple radiographic projections for evaluation, were @entity50 and @entity5 and peripheral soft tissue masses. Epistaxis for which no cause could be found in the lower respiratory tract was the indication for radiography in a further 10 per cent of cases. In almost half of these a radiopaque shadow representing an ethmoid haematoma could be seen on an erect lateral film. A sinus cyst and a @entity5 were also recorded but most other causes of @entity1415 failed to produce radiographic signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the XXXX : I. Indications and procedures in 235 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Facial swelling', 'facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['premolar periapical disease']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus cysts']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: @entity5 of X-ray-induced @entity19 @entity784 comprise autocrine, growth factor-dependent cells. We have grown cell lines from primary X-ray-induced @entity6732 (PXTLs) under conditions which minimize the progression of the cells from factor dependence to factor independence. All (22) PXTL lines grown secrete a growth factor which supports their own growth and which we will call @entity706 growth factor LGF. LGF-dependent cells are non-tumorigenic or poorly tumorigenic, do not clone in soft agar, have no detectable rearrangements in the c-myc or @entity8627 region and possess near diploid or pseudodiploid karyotypes without evidence for trisomy of chromosomes nos. 15 or 17. PXTL-secreted LGF has no interleukin 1, 2, or 3 activity nor do LGF-secreting cells synthesize detectable @entity8628 mRNA. LGF contains no detectable interferon or @entity2304 activity in specific bioassays. Purified EGF, @entity641 , and interleukin preparations are inactive on LGF-dependent PXTL cells. Thus LGF appears to be a new growth factor that is required for the proliferation of non-progressed @entity784 cells. Upon progression PXTL cells become growth factor independent, are highly tumorigenic in vivo, clone in soft agar, and assume a near triploid karyotype containing numerous chromosomal aberrations. Thus in X-ray-induced lymphomagenesis an autocrine, LGF-dependent phase precedes the progressed phase characterized by rearrangements in the myc and/or @entity8627 regions as well as by many chromosomal aberrations visible in the karyotype.

title: Autocrine growth and progression of XXXX X-ray-induced @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoma', 'T cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: It has long been recognized that @entity565 often worsens at night. The nature of nocturnal @entity565 is unclear. Previously we have demonstrated that acute @entity565 attacks can be induced by exposing the body to cold, and that such attacks can be prevented by breathing @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ). Since body temperature begins to decrease late at night and continues through the early morning hours, we suspected that part if not all of nocturnal @entity565 may be triggered by the same mechanism as @entity565 induced by body cooling. To test this hypothesis, eight @entity748 @entity1 were studied on four occasions. The subjects breathed either ambient @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ; 23 degrees C, 20 percent relative humidity) or @entity11535 (37 degrees C, 100 percent relative humidity) for eight hours during the night with or without taking their regular evening medication. Each night, oral temperature and pulmonary function were measured at 9:45 PM (baseline measurement) and again at 6:15 AM (morning measurement). Results showed that when @entity11535 was used, morning pulmonary function and oral temperature decreased significantly from baseline. Using @entity11535 in conjunction with regular evening medication completely prevented both nocturnal @entity565 and changes in oral temperature. Using @entity11535 without regular evening medication did not prevent but substantially reduced bronchoconstriction compared with @entity11535 . These results suggest that airway cooling, which occurs as a consequence of body cooling, plays a significant role in triggering nocturnal @entity565 .

title: Airway cooling and nocturnal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['warm, humidified air', 'room air', 'WHA', 'RA']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity2173 is an unusual @entity4848 . Recent studies have classified @entity1 with @entity2173 into 10 groups by somatic cell hybridization methods. In this report we describe 32 @entity1 with Group A @entity2173 , including 1 @entity1 with an atypical case, who were assessed for @entity16 . Of these @entity1 , 17 had @entity4242 , 13 @entity851 , and 21 @entity1032 . In @entity1 over 7 years of age, @entity1274 and spinocerebellar signs such as @entity346 , @entity4653 , @entity400 , and @entity2055 were frequently observed; no @entity1 below 7 years of age had such @entity16 . Electroencephalographic studies revealed abnormal slow and low voltage background activity. Two @entity1 had focal abnormal discharges, one of whom developed versive @entity410 . Cranial computed tomographic scans revealed abnormalities, including @entity2554 , @entity194 , cerebellar and brainstem @entity194 , and cranial bone thickening. A @entity1 with an atypical case of Group A @entity2173 had less skin and neurological involvement, and higher levels of postultraviolet colony-forming ability and host cell reactivation than did a typical Group A case. It is possible that these less severe cytological findings are responsible for the less severe @entity272 and @entity16 noted clinically.

title: XXXX in @entity2173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological manifestations']


abstract: Most currently used adenovirus vectors are based upon adenovirus serotypes 2 and 5 ( @entity2204 and @entity11650 ), which have limited efficiencies for gene transfer to @entity1 neural cells. Both serotypes bind to the known adenovirus receptor, @entity9698 (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor), and have restricted cell tropism. The purpose of this study was to find vector candidates that are superior to @entity11650 in infecting @entity1 @entity5 . Using flow cytometry, the vector candidates @entity3667 , @entity17615 and @entity17616 were compared to the commonly used adenovirus vector Ad5v for their binding capacity to neural cell lines derived from @entity463 , @entity2946 and @entity521 cell lines. The production of viral structural proteins and the @entity9698 -binding properties of the different serotypes were also assessed in these cells. Computer-based models of the fibre knobs of @entity3667 and @entity17616 were created based upon the crystallized fibre knob structure of adenoviruses and analysed for putative receptor-interacting regions that differed from the fibre knob of @entity11650 . The non @entity9698 -binding vector candidate @entity17615 showed clearly the best binding capacity to all of the neural cell lines, binding more than 90% of cells of all of the neural cell lines tested, in contrast to 20% or less for the commonly used vector Ad5v. @entity3667 and @entity17615 were also internalized and produced viral proteins more successfully than @entity11650 . @entity3667 showed a low binding ability but a very efficient capacity for @entity281 in cell culture. @entity17616 virions neither bound or efficiently infected any of the neural cell lines studied.

title: @entity1 adenovirus serotypes 4p and 11p are efficiently expressed in cell lines of XXXX origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neural tumours']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neural tumour']


abstract: Invasive @entity2381 (INA) has become an increasing public health problem in hospitals whose inpatients are severely immunocompromised, i.e. in case of @entity3894 , bone marrow or organ transplants. The hospital's responsibility is engaged, all the more so since numerous INA cases have been reported during hospital construction work. Prevention measures must be implemented at the time of high risk activities (bone marrow graft, transplantation) or as soon as predisposed @entity1 (aplastic) are admitted in hospitals. In case of hospital construction work, those measures must be adapted to the type of work and to the localization of the exposed @entity1 . The first step of an integrated control strategy is to identify the aspergillus risk units in the hospital according to the immunocompromised state of their @entity1 . The second step consists in the implementation, for those units, of effective protection measures concerning the control of hospital contamination sources, the @entity1 's food, the architecture, the air treatment facilities, the staff organization and training. The third step is to apply a triple surveillance: epidemiological for the disease, technical for the air treatment facilities, mycological for the @entity1 environment. In case of construction work, in or near the hospital, an evaluation of the Aspergillus risk level according to the construction work plan must be undertaken for each high risk unit. This risk level conditions the specific measures which have to be implemented. In the network of epidemiological INA surveillance of the Assistance Publique hospitals in Paris, those measures have been published as a recommendation guide.

title: [Integrated struggle against XXXX at the level of a single hospital or a hospital cluster].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial aspergillosis']

answer: @entity2381 :: (MESH:D001228,Disease) :: ['aspergillosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Platelet reactivity, an important factor in hemostasis and @entity102 , has widespread inter-individual variability with a substantial genetic contribution. Previously, our group performed a genome-wide association study of platelet reactivity identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with @entity857 - and @entity1425 - induced aggregation, including SNPs in @entity7794 , @entity8359 , @entity8360 , and @entity8361 , among others. Here, we assessed the association of these previously identified SNPs with @entity857 -, thrombin-, and shear- induced @entity1423 . Additionally, we sought to expand the association of these SNPs with blood cell counts and hemostatic factors. To accomplish this, we examined the association of 12 SNPs with seven platelet reactivity and various hematological measures in 1300 middle-aged @entity1 in the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Nine of the examined SNPs showed at least suggestive association with platelet reactivity. The strongest associations were with @entity8362 in @entity8361 to @entity857 -induced (p  =  1.51  *  10(-7)) and thrombin-induced (p  =  1.91  *  10(-6)) reactivity in platelet rich plasma. Our results indicate @entity8361 functions in a relatively agonist independent manner, possibly through subsequent intracellular propagation of platelet activation. @entity8363 in @entity8360 showed suggestive association with @entity857 -induced reactivity (p  =  1.35  *  10(-3)), but its strongest associations were with platelet-related cell counts (p  =  1.30  *  10(-9)). These associations indicate variation in @entity8360 influences pathways that modulate platelet development as well as those that affect reactivity. Associations with other blood cell counts and hemostatic factors were generally weaker among the tested SNPs, indicating a specificity of these SNPs' function to platelets. Future genome-wide analyses will further assess association of these genes and identify new genes important to platelet biology.

title: Replication and hematological characterization of @entity1 platelet reactivity genetic associations in XXXX from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS).

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ascending aortic replacement and reinforced reduction aortoplasty are 2 optional procedures for the treatment of fusiform ascending @entity439 . This study was designed to compare the early and late results of these 2 options. METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2008, 71 @entity1 with fusiform ascending @entity449 and @entity886 underwent reinforced reduction aortoplasty associated with aortic valve replacement (RRA group, n = 32) or ascending aortic replacement combined with aortic valve replacement (AAR group, n = 39). @entity1 requiring other concomitant cardiac procedures were excluded. Perioperative events and late results were compared. RESULTS: The variables of the 2 groups were similar, except age and preoperative diameter of the ascending aorta. Despite the nearly identical perioperative morbidity in the 2 groups, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic crossclamping time were shorter in the RRA group. The follow-up period was between 1 and 8 years (mean, 3 years and 4 months). The 5-year survival rate was 90.7%    6.4% versus 87.0%    6.3%, respectively. Although there was a significant increase in aortic sinus diameters in the AAR group, all aortic sinus diameters were within the acceptable range. There was no increase in proximal aortic arch diameters in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of fusiform ascending @entity449 , both procedures can result in favorable and comparable late results in appropriate @entity1 . Furthermore, reinforced reduction aortoplasty should be encouraged more because of its significant operative simplicity and safety if only the quality of the aortic wall is acceptable.

title: Treatment of fusiform ascending XXXX : a comparative study with 2 options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between maternal @entity281 during pregnancy (i.e. ear-nose-throat infection, @entity55 , @entity293 , febrile episodes and @entity683 -like infection) and spontaneous @entity3152 (SPTD). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective questionnaire data from the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort (MoBa) study, including more than 100000 pregnancies and, collected during 1999-2008, were used. Linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were added. SPTD occurring between gestational weeks 22+0 days and 36+6 days was the main outcome. Data were analysed in two steps because questionnaires (including information about occurrence of the @entity281 so far) were completed at different stages of pregnancy. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained using Cox regression. RESULTS: The SPTD proportion was low in this cohort: 2.9% and 2.7% at the two analysis steps, respectively. After exclusions, 67310 and 60689 pregnancies, respectively, remained for the analyses. Ear-nose-throat @entity281 occurring before week 17 were associated with an increased risk of SPTD in the first (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50) and second (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52) step of the analysis, but not if occurring later in pregnancy. None of the other maternal @entity281 were associated with an increased risk of SPTD. CONCLUSION: In this low-risk population, ear-nose-throat infection in early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SPTD. However, infectious morbidity in later pregnancy was not. Thus, the link between maternal infection and @entity3152 may vary in different populations and health care settings.

title: Risk of spontaneous @entity3152 in a low-risk population: the impact of maternal febrile episodes, @entity293 , XXXX and ear-nose-throat infections.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'various infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statistical data from a wide cohort of subjects should provide arguements for a more valid interpretation of urine- @entity1011 concentrations as laboratory marker of urine dilution. METHODS: Unselected, consecutive urine- @entity1011 concentrations from 11,811 @entity1 and 13,009 @entity1 in a clinical chemistry laboratory (mainly from clinical trials and employment medicine departments) and from 7300 @entity1 and 12,456 @entity1 in a toxicological chemistry laboratory (mainly from drug screenings for re-issuing drivers licenses or from employment medicine departments) were evaluated by descriptive and comparative statistics. RESULTS: @entity1 (clinical chemistry lab, toxicological chemistry lab): mean 723 mg/L, 921 mg/L; median 568 mg/L, 728 mg/L; 2.5-97.5% percentile range 189-2198 mg/L, 129-2690 mg/L. @entity1 (clinical chemistry lab, toxicological chemistry lab): mean 975 mg/L, 1395 mg/L; median 802 mg/L, 1241 mg/L; 2.5-97.5% percentile range 256-2660 mg/L, 204-3520 mg/L. The rate of urine- @entity1011 concentrations of >3000 mg/L (up to 3-fold of the upper limit of the reference range) was higher for @entity1 in both laboratories and for both genders in the toxicological chemistry lab compared with the clinical chemistry lab (toxicological chemistry lab: 697 for @entity1 (5.6%) and 111 for @entity1 (1.5%), clinical chemistry lab: 200 for @entity1 (1.5%) and 93 for @entity1 (0.8%)). CONCLUSIONS: Utmost caution should be taken when interpreting urinary @entity1011 concentrations that fall below so-called cut-offs. Cut-offs greater than the gender-specific 2.5% percentiles bear a high risk of misinterpretation regarding urine adulteration. Such cut-offs are no longer acceptable. At present, the borderline range of >50mg/L to <200mg/L given by the Australian Standard AS/NZS4308:2008 and indicating dilute urines but are not implicated in adulteration seems to fit best with the clinical and forensic requirements. Nevertheless, using gender-independent urine- @entity1011 concentration cut-offs can discriminate @entity1 since @entity1 have in general lower muscle mass and thus lower urinary @entity1011 concentrations compared with @entity1 . Future concepts of drug screen in urine should use gender-specific and @entity1011 -adjusted decision limits.

title: Urine- XXXX concentration as a marker of urine dilution: reflections using a cohort of 45,000 samples.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologic changes that are associated with the @entity9136 ( @entity9136 ) are seldom described. The two theories that address renal physiology in @entity9136 include chronic @entity63 from @entity8 from increased venous pressures. We report on the glomerular histologic changes that occur with long standing @entity712 . OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity9136 causes @entity8 that manifests as glomerular size reduction. METHODS: We performed a case-control study where we measured total glomerular areas in 16 adult cases with @entity454 and compared them with matched controls. Control biopsy samples were obtained from renal tissue included in nephrectomies. Glomerular size was measured using the BioQuant Image Analysis program. Cases and controls were matched on the following variables: age (within 10 years), race, body mass index (BMI), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (within 10 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2), and history of @entity286 use. RESULTS: The age range of all @entity1 at the time of biopsy was 40 - 73 years. Nine of the case @entity1 had @entity6 . Estimated GFR ranged from 29 to 55 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2. Mean BMI was 30.8 (SD 4.7) kg/m2. The average median glomerular area in the case @entity1 was 23,944 pixels (1 pixel = 1  m2), (IQR 22,549 - 27,990) vs. in controls 38,566 pixels (IQR 31, 227 - 45,938) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This case-controlled cohort study demonstrates that @entity1 with long standing @entity712 have smaller glomerular size as compared with controls matched for relevant clinical variables but not for @entity712 .

title: Glomerular size reduction associated with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal vasoconstriction and chronic glomerular venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['indolent ischemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage heart disease']

answer: @entity9136 :: (MESH:D059347,Disease) :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Giant cavernous malformations (GCMs) constitute an uncommon entity in the diagnostic armamentarium of the neurosurgeon. We report a 3-year-old @entity1 with a GCM in the peri-trigonal region and review 13 other paediatric cases previously reported in literature. CASE: A 3-year-old @entity1 presented with right-sided @entity1269 and features of @entity428 of short duration. Computed tomography showed a large left peri-trigonal mass with a bleed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed associated perilesional @entity4 and mass effect, rendering the lesion a tumefactive appearance. He underwent total excision of the lesion, with subsequent recovery of @entity1269 . Histopathology was reported as a cavernoma. DISCUSSION: The clinico-radiological presentation of GCM is discussed based on a case report and relevant cases in literature. Good surgical outcome can be expected with total microsurgical excision. CONCLUSION: A giant cavernous @entity600 should be one of the differentials of a lesion with a tumefactive clinico-radiological presentation in @entity1 . There should be a high index of suspicion for such a diagnosis, especially when the lesion does not enhance with contrast. This is the third case report in paediatric literature describing a periventricular location of this unusual lesion.

title: A peri-trigonal giant tumefactive cavernous XXXX : case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: An 83-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of @entity649 . She developed @entity1736 and @entity1282 two months previously. On admission, blood pressure was 150/84 mmHg. There were bilateral @entity1736 and @entity10296 . Tendon reflexes were brisk, but pathological reflexes were absent. Repetitive stimulation test demonstrated decrement. Tensilon test was positive. Thus, a diagnosis of @entity3935 was made. Vital capacity was 0.71, which necessitated intubation and artificial ventilation. During the first course of immunoadsorption plasmapheresis, blood pressure fell to 80/50 mmHg. ECG showed deeply inverted T waves in leads V2 through V6. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated extensive akinesis around the apex. CK was slightly increased. A diagnosis of "Takotsubo"-shaped @entity296 was made. To maintain blood pressure, @entity935 was continuously injected. Left ventricular function returned to normal within a week. No @entity704 was seen on the chest CT scan. She was treated with @entity4836 and @entity1140 . Ten weeks after admission, she was weaned off the ventilator and she had no @entity1282 anymore. Anti- @entity934 receptor antibody titers had decreased. In Japan, approximately 17% of @entity1 with @entity1737 are in the seventh decade or older. Approximately 10% of the @entity1 of this age group suffer from severe generalized form. Careful ECG monitoring is necessary while treating elderly @entity1 with @entity3935 , because they are at potential risk of developing "Takotsubo"-shaped @entity296 .

title: [A case of transient left ventricular ballooning ("Takotsubo"-shaped @entity296 ) developed during plasmapheresis for treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic crisis']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['myasthenic crisis']