abstract: An elderly @entity1 underwent cannulated hip screw surgery for a subcapital neck of femur @entity174 . Nine days post surgery, she was noted to have collapsed with a falling haemoglobin level. Computed tomography revealed a large haematoma to the thigh. Further angiography showed active @entity548 from one of the branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA), which we postulate was caused by the sharp tip of a version guidewire used during @entity174 fixation surgery. @entity130 during @entity173 fixation is a rare event, particularly to the circumflex branches of the profunda femoris artery (PFA), and may occur from hard wire use intra-operatively or from the @entity174 itself. The LFCA branches laterally from the @entity10461 , runs anterior to the femoral neck, where we suspect it was injured in our case. Whilst a version wire is a useful radiological guide intra-operatively, manually clearing a passage for its insertion into the femoral head/neck junction and using the blunt end is recommended. A combination of acute swelling in the operated region and falling haemoglobin post surgery should alert the clinician to possible @entity1317 . Compared to duplex ultrasonography, CT angiography remains the gold standard in its specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing @entity1317 . With early recognition and prompt radiological intervention, this rare complication of @entity174 fixation surgery can be treated without the need for further surgery.

title: Delayed presentation of lateral femoral circumflex XXXX post cannulated hip screw surgery--a case report.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the impact of uninterrupted use of @entity1229 on hand and wrist surgery. METHODS: This single-center, prospective cohort trial enrolled adult @entity1 undergoing hand and wrist surgery. Between May 2009 and August 2014, 47 surgical @entity1 receiving uninterrupted @entity1229 (50 procedures) were enrolled and matched as a group by age and procedure type to 48 surgical @entity1 (50 procedures) who were not prescribed @entity1229 . Complications, defined as @entity548 , @entity281 , or wound dehiscence requiring reoperation, were recorded for each group. Surgical outcome measures were composed of objective findings affected by surgical site @entity548 (ie, ecchymosis extent, @entity1410 presence, 2-point discrimination) and standardized @entity1 -rated assessments (Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and visual analog scales: @entity158 and @entity4 ). We collected data preoperatively and at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Statistical analyses contrasted complications and outcomes data between @entity1 groups. RESULTS: One procedure (2%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 11%) in a @entity1 taking @entity1229 was complicated by @entity1410 requiring reoperation resulting from an elevated postoperative international normalized ratio of 5.4. There were no complications among controls (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 7%). At 2 weeks postoperatively, @entity1 receiving @entity1229 more frequently had @entity1410 (28% vs 10%) and demonstrated a greater extent of ecchymosis from the surgical incision (50 vs 19 mm). At 4 weeks, no differences existed in @entity1410 presence or extent of ecchymosis between groups. The incidence of transiently elevated 2-point discrimination was not different between groups (10% @entity1229 ; 6% controls). Visual analog scores for @entity158 and @entity4 were not significantly different between groups at any time. Differences in Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores between groups did not exceed a minimal clinically important difference. CONCLUSIONS: Uninterrupted use of @entity1229 in @entity1 undergoing surgery of the hand and wrist was associated with an infrequent risk of @entity548 complication requiring reoperation. Increased rates of @entity1410 and ecchymosis in @entity1 taking @entity1229 normalized by 4  weeks postoperatively. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: The Impact of Uninterrupted XXXX on Hand and Wrist Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if consumption of a reduced- @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) diet would result in preferential loss of adipose tissue under eucaloric conditions, and whether changes in adiposity were associated with changes in postprandial insulin concentration. METHODS: In a crossover-diet intervention, 30 @entity1 with @entity3610 consumed a reduced- @entity435 diet (41:19:40% energy from @entity435 :protein:fat) for 8 weeks and a standard diet (55:18:27) for 8 weeks. Body composition by DXA and fat distribution by CT were assessed at baseline and following each diet phase. Insulin AUC was obtained from a solid meal test (SMT) during each diet phase. RESULTS: @entity1 lost 3.7% and 2.2% total fat following the reduced- @entity435 diet and STD diet, resp. (p<0.05 for difference between diets). The reduced- @entity435 diet induced a decrease in subcutaneous-abdominal, intra-abdominal, and thigh-intermuscular adipose tissue (-7.1%, -4.6%, and -11.5%, resp.), and the STD diet induced a decrease in total lean mass. Loss of fat mass following the reduced @entity435 diet arm was associated with lower insulin AUC (p<0.05) during the SMT. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity3610 , consumption of a diet lower in @entity435 resulted in preferential loss of fat mass from metabolically harmful adipose depots, whereas a diet high in @entity435 appeared to promote repartitioning of lean mass to fat mass.

title: Effects of a eucaloric reduced- XXXX diet on body composition and fat distribution in @entity1 with @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: As @entity791 increasingly affects youth, the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, at the request of the WHO, entered into a comparative study of youth and sexuality. The study design compared young @entity1 living in rural, periurban, and urban environments. The assessment process, in which rural areas where examined for comparability, was divided into three phases, namely, 1) public norms were investigated through focus group discussion with both young @entity1 and adults, 2) private lives were recounted and media exposure examined, and 3) vignettes were used for topics such as masturbation, homosexuality, group sex, and rape. The information gathered in this study revealed that marijuana, which is known to enhance disinhibited sexuality, was more widely used than @entity285 . Pornography was also reported to be one of the few available sources of information available on sex, particularly in the rural areas, where no other type of reading material provided information on sex and sexuality. Condoms were found to be widely known as protection from @entity2953 by young @entity1 , although they were rarely used due the difficulty in acquiring them. Instead, circumcision was widely promoted in all areas as a substitute for condom use in protecting against @entity645 and @entity2953 . There were no significant differences between the values of urban youth and those of rural youth. Young @entity1 were found to be more subject to peer pressure and more concerned with their capacity to earn a living. Although religious values were frequently mentioned in the context of acquiring a Christian spouse, they were not reflected in the behavior of a majority of the youth. These findings suggest that the prevention campaign targeted on the young generation should include a wide distribution of interesting printed materials stating facts about the transmission of @entity2953 . In addition, there should also be a widespread distribution of free or inexpensive condoms in all areas in Papua New Guinea, without any restrictions being imposed on the youth.

title: Urbanization, youth and sexuality: insights for an XXXX campaign for youth in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1140 (Tac) and @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) are newly approved immunosuppressive agents. However, the safety and efficacy of the combination of @entity2098 and Tac in primary liver transplantation has not been determined. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board-approved, open-label prospective randomized protocol was initiated to study the efficacy and @entity137 of Tac and @entity230 (double-drug therapy) versus Tac, @entity230 , and @entity2098 (triple-drug therapy) in primary adult liver transplant recipients. Both groups of @entity1 began on the same doses of Tac and @entity230 . @entity1 randomized to triple-drug therapy also received 1 g of @entity2098 twice a day. RESULTS: Between August 1995 and January 1997, 200 @entity1 were enrolled, 99 in double-drug therapy and 101 in triple-drug therapy. All @entity1 were followed until May 1997, with a mean follow-up of 12.7 months. During the study period, 28 of 99 @entity1 in double-drug therapy received @entity2098 to control ongoing acute rejection, nephrotoxicity, and/or @entity2359 . On the other hand, 61 @entity1 in triple-drug therapy discontinued @entity2098 for infection, @entity344 . By an "intention-to-treat analysis," the actuarial 1-year @entity1 survival rate was 85.1% in double-drug therapy and 83.1% in triple-drug therapy (P=0.77). The actuarial 1-year graft survival rate was 80.2% for double-drug therapy and 79.2% for triple-drug therapy (P=0.77). Forty-one @entity1 (41.4%) in double-drug therapy and 32 (31.7%) in triple-drug therapy had at least one episode of rejection, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.15). The mean maintenance dose of corticosteroids was slightly lower in triple-drug compared with double-drug therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and graft survival rates were similar in both groups. There was a trend to a lower incidence of rejection, reduced nephrotoxicity, and a lesser amount of maintenance @entity288 in triple-drug therapy compared with double-drug therapy.

title: A prospective randomized trial of @entity1140 and prednisone versus @entity1140 , prednisone, and XXXX in primary adult liver transplant recipients: an interim report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['myelosuppression, and/or gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity155 of the proximal hamstring origin is well documented, and surgical treatment is advocated for complete @entity155 . PURPOSE: To compare the return to preinjury level of sport and the complexity of surgery in athletes undergoing surgical intervention for complete proximal hamstring @entity155 within 6 weeks, 6 months, and after 6 months of injury. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: This was the largest case series from a tertiary referral center reported in the literature. A total of 112 athletes were included, with complete proximal @entity155 injuries confirmed on MRI scans; 63 @entity1 (56.3%) were high-level athletes. @entity1 were divided into subgroups depending on the timing of surgical intervention: "early" was defined within 6 weeks, "delayed" within 6 weeks to 6 months, and "late" after 6 months. All @entity1 were surgically explored and repaired with the aim of comparing the timing between each group and the return to preinjury sport. All @entity1 underwent an individualized rehabilitation protocol. There was no loss to follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the return to preinjury level sports activity. RESULTS: A total of 108 @entity1 (96.4%) returned to sport. In the early intervention group, the average time of return to play was 16 weeks, 9 weeks faster than the delayed group and 13 weeks faster than the late group. There were 2 partial reruptures in those with delayed intervention-both athletes retired from competitive sport but were recreationally active. Two other athletes recovered well but retired from playing at all levels. Twelve athletes (2 in the early intervention group, 5 in the delayed, 5 in the late) were delayed by @entity2103 . Only 2 cases required further exploration. CONCLUSION: Early surgical intervention was associated with good clinical outcomes and a quicker return to sport; however, delaying the diagnosis can lead to prolonged morbidity and an increased likelihood of complications.

title: Timing of Surgery for Complete Proximal Hamstring XXXX Injuries: Successful Clinical Outcomes at 6 Weeks, 6 Months, and After 6 Months of Injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['local nerve symptoms']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion', 'avulsion', 'avulsions']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['Avulsion']


abstract: Introduction: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity1164 . The aim of this review was to study the relationship between @entity27 and @entity943 . Methods: PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched with MESH headings to find studies linking @entity27 and @entity943 including @entity1540 , @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). Studies were graded by a scoring system, and an attempt was made to pool data. Results: There were no matched cohort or case control studies to study the association between @entity27 and @entity943 . Given data heterogeneity, pooling and metaanalysis of data were not possible. An attempt was made to judge the quality of evidence and present a systematic review. @entity1 with @entity27 were noted to have higher odds of @entity1540 , and were at a higher risk for @entity943 . Associations included @entity1480 . We did not, however, find any clear evidence for a direct correlation between increased @entity27 index and increased @entity1165 or @entity2224 . Conclusions: Pooling and meta-analysis of studies linking @entity27 and @entity943 were not possible due to heterogeneity of data. In a systemic review of studies, @entity1 with @entity27 were noted to have higher odds of @entity1540 and @entity943 . A single study showed that @entity3128 may help lower arrhythmogenicity; however, it was unclear if @entity3128 lowered the risk of @entity1165 . Further research should focus on studying the association of @entity27 and causes of @entity1164 , including @entity943 .

title: A Systematic Review of the Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['higher QTc dispersion and HR variability']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Arrhythmias']


abstract: We examined the impact of lymph flow obstruction in large post-nodal lymphatic vessels in @entity742 . A silk ligature was placed 2 cm downstream from the prescapular or popliteal lymph node and tightened to interrupt flow. At 6, 12 and 16 weeks after lymph flow blockage, a network of small interconnecting lymphatics (approximately 10-40 microm in diameter) could be observed in the vicinity of the ligature. These were identified using antibodies to the lymphatic endothelial markers @entity65871 or VEGFR-3 or unequivocally, with the upstream intraluminal injection of the non-specific cell dye CFDA-SE. The observed lymphangiogenesis coincided with increased levels of @entity65872 , @entity65873 (Y992) phosphorylation, MAPK activation, and decreased Akt activition. In the popliteal preparations, saline was infused into the prenodal ducts upstream of the regeneration site. The slopes of the inflow pressure versus flow relationships were 17.3+/-3.6, immediately after @entity3885 , 36.2+/-9.6 at 6 weeks and 15.0+/-5.3 at 12-16 weeks. For comparison, the average slope in a completely intact popliteal system was 3.1+/-0.3 (from a previous publication). The resistance to flow remained high up to 12-16 weeks after flow obstruction suggesting that normal flow parameters had not been achieved over this time. The lymph node appeared to have some role in limiting the impact of post-nodal lymph obstruction, a function that appeared to be compromised by lymph stasis.

title: Lymphangiogenesis following obstruction of large postnodal lymphatics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['vessel obstruction']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: To the best of our knowledge, isolated bilateral @entity2895 has not yet been reported in the literature, while bilateral @entity2895 with more widespread rostral @entity1188 has often been reported. We present a @entity1 having 'top of @entity9085 ' with @entity1188 selectively involving the bilateral oculomotor nucleus. A 61-year-old @entity1 with two episodes of @entity1188 presented with @entity2459 . Examination revealed pronounced bilateral ptosis. In the primary position, fixation of either eye produced an approximately 50 prism diopter exotropia. @entity735 was restricted to the midline. There was moderately decreased adduction of the left eye, severe limitation of @entity308 , and moderately decreased elevation of both eyes. Abduction of both eyes was normal. The pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. @entity1736 is suggestive of @entity2895 . On the basis of clinical findings alone, we could not establish whether the precise location of the lesion was all the subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus except the Edinger-Westphal nucleus or the central caudal nucleus and bilateral fascicles. However, because axial MRI showed a small @entity1188 in the oculomotor nucleus region, we concluded that she had an isolated, pupil-sparing, bilateral @entity2895 caused by @entity1188 .

title: A case of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['the basilar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nuclear palsy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Adduction of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain infarction', 'brainstem infarction', 'vertebrobasilar infarction', 'midbrain infarct']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of bilateral ptosis']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['oculomotor nuclear palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity633 is thought to reflect generalized @entity409 . In @entity101 @entity1 , @entity633 is related to the risk for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events. Thus, screening for @entity633 is critical for risk stratification in @entity101 @entity1 . However, the actual state of @entity633 in Japanese @entity1 without @entity6 remains unclear due to insurance coverage. METHODS: The CLINITEK microalb @entity1011 test   is a urine test paper that can assess albumin excretion corrected for urine @entity1011 levels in only 60 seconds without any special equipment. The semi-quantitative @entity633 test and urine @entity644 test were performed on 8,181 Japanese @entity101 @entity1 , and the clinical significance of the test was evaluated by comparison with the urine test strip method. RESULTS: Albumin @entity1011 ratio (ACR) < 30 mg/g @entity1011 , ACR 30 - 299 mg/g @entity1011 , and ACR >=  300 mg/g @entity1011 on the @entity633 test were present in 70.0%, 25.7%, and 4.3%, respectively, of @entity1 with a negative urine protein test strip result. Furthermore, in @entity1 with a negative urine protein test strip result, ACR >=  30 mg/g @entity1011 was independently associated with previous @entity65 (odds ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.00 - 1.57, p < 0.05) after adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, sex, BMI, smoking, @entity2299 , @entity6 , and blood pressure categories on multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that urine test strip was inadequate test to evaluate @entity633 . Easy and quick @entity633 test on the CLINITEK MICROALB @entity1011 TEST might be useful test to risk stratification of @entity101 @entity1 compared to urine test strip.

title: Comparison of @entity633 test and urine test strip in Japanese XXXX @entity1 : AVA-E study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['CREATININE', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: A 76-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity303 , @entity390 , and @entity132 . Computed tomography(CT)of her brain showed @entity1276 and an intra-ventricular mass with a left temporo-parieto-occipital low density area. She underwent emergency ventricular drainage. Thereafter, she was referred to our department: neurosurgery. @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed homonymous enhancement in the left lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. CT of her chest and abdomen showed no abnormal findings. Initially, we performed a neuro-endoscopic biopsy and made a histopathological diagnosis of noncaseating @entity738 . However, because we did not detect pulmonary or ocular lesions, we eventually made a diagnosis of @entity7993 . She received a ventricular-peritoneal shunt and @entity134 pulse therapy, and recovered from all her symptoms. Neurosurgeons should be aware of the possibility of @entity1276 mimicking an intraventricular @entity5 and caused by @entity7993 . In this article, we provide a case description and review of the literature.

title: [A case of intraventricular XXXX diagnosed by neuroendoscopic biopsy].

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['speech disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['isolated neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

answer: @entity7993 :: (MESH:C535814,Disease) :: ['isolated neurosarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T helper type 1 (Th1) response plays a permissive role in @entity731 . We hypothesized that adoptive transfer of a novel subtype of T lymphocytes called regulatory T cells type 1 ( @entity9752 ) would inhibit Th1 responses by inducing a bystander immune suppression and therefore limit the development of @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Clones of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific @entity9752 cells expanded in vitro were administered intraperitoneally (106 cells per @entity19 ) with their cognate antigen (50 microg of OVA subcutaneously in complete Freund's adjuvant [ @entity3795 ]) to female @entity6970 -knockout @entity19 . A group of @entity19 received only (OVA/ @entity3795 ) immunization without @entity9752 cells. Two other control groups received no immunization and were injected with either @entity9752 cells or saline. After 9 weeks of treatment, @entity19 injected with (OVA/ @entity3795 )+OVA-specific @entity9752 cells showed a significant decrease in Th1 responses, as revealed by a decrease in OVA-specific IgG2a serum levels (P<0.0001), a decrease in the production of interferon-gamma (P<0.001), and an increase in interleukin-10 production (P<0.001) by cultured spleen and lymph T cells compared with controls. In addition, cytokine production by concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells showed a clear switch to a regulatory immune response in @entity19 treated with (OVA/ @entity3795 )+ @entity9752 . This was associated with a significant reduction in @entity731 size in both the thoracic aorta and aortic sinus of @entity19 treated with (OVA/ @entity3795 )+ @entity9752 compared with controls (P=0.002 to P<0.0001). Plaques of @entity19 injected with (OVA/ @entity3795 )+ @entity9752 showed significantly lower accumulation of macrophages and T cells than plaques of control @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity9752 -type regulatory immune response reduces the development of experimental @entity731 .

title: Induction of a regulatory T cell type 1 response reduces the development of XXXX in @entity6970 -knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: The methods applied up to now do not allow to define the border between the @entity5 and healthy tissue especially in advanced cases. Microlaryngoscopy facilitates the evaluation of the infiltration superficially, but does not allow for estimation its deeper penetration. CT and MRI often do not answer the question concerning the @entity5 spread as well. That is why the monoclonal antibodies marked with isotopes directed against specific antibodies of different @entity5 are applied in diagnostic. In the @entity5 development the great role play endopeptidases. They degrade the intercellular matrix and basement membrane and by this way made possible the @entity5 invasion. The high level of the endopeptidase in @entity1 with @entity5 is a bad prognosis. The disposition of endopeptidase in @entity5 tissue is characteristic and gives opportunity to localise the border of healthy tissue thanks their inhibitors application. The inhibitor of @entity462 endopeptidase obtained from hen egg and marked by J 125 was used in our study. The reaction between the @entity462 endopeptidase inhibitor and malignant cells received directly from @entity1 with tongue and @entity189 and cells cultivated in vitro from the @entity189 .

title: [Potential use of XXXX endopeptidase inhibitors in radiodiagnostics of laryngeal and tongue neoplasms].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: Epithelial hyperplastic @entity75 (EHLL) are associated, with a varying degree of "epithelial risk"- to develop @entity189 . Several classifications have been proposed but none has received a total agreement. The 1999 Ljubljana classification distinguished four grades: simple, abnormal and @entity2735 (ISC). The first two grades are considered benign lesions; the ISC is the malignant lesion, while the @entity1373 is considered a " @entity75 ". This is characterized by alterations of epithelial cells towards malignancy, but not to the extent to be found in @entity189 cells. Such characteristics refer to cytomorphological (e.g., nuclear hyperchromatism, nucleoli, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio) and architectural (e.g. stratification, orientation, maturation) features. In the Ljubljana scheme, nuclear pleomorphism is one of the most important features. We wanted to improve the importance of nuclear pleomorphism in the basal cells layer in different classes of EHLL using morphometrical analysis. We studied 8 cases of @entity1869 , 10 of @entity1373 , 10 of @entity1373 and 8 of ISC using the software SAM (Shape Analytical Morphometry). The results were submitted to univariate statistical analysis. Nuclear dimensions (maximum diameter, perimeter and area) showed a progressive increase from simple to @entity1373 to ISC, while @entity1373 showed the lowest values. On the contrary, analytical parameters related to nuclear contour irregularities and asymmetries showed their highest values in @entity1373 nuclei. There were no significant differences between @entity1373 and ISC, while it was possible to differentiate @entity1373 from the others. In conclusion basal nuclei of @entity1373 and ISC are similar so that other cytological and morphological architectural parameters are necessary to distinguish the two lesions. @entity1373 seems to be the biological category of 'proliferative " benign laryngeal epithelium; @entity1869 refers to "stable" - irritative epithelium.

title: [The Ljubljana classification of epithelial hyperplastic XXXX : a morphometric evaluation of nuclear pleomorphism].

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia and in situ carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['risky lesion', 'laryngeal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal hyperplasia', 'abnormal hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasias', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['simple hyperplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['laryngeal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We attempted to compare the effect of an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on @entity731 events. BACKGROUND: @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs interrupt the renin-angiotensin system by distinct mechanisms. It is not clear whether ARBs reduce @entity731 events such as @entity583 ( @entity583 ) like @entity1289 inhibitors. This evidence gap may reflect the nature of the studies conducted, to date. Placebo-controlled studies enrolled cohorts at low risk of @entity731 events (e.g., @entity1 with @entity712 , most treated with an @entity1289 inhibitor). One of the main active controlled trials was confounded by a blood pressure difference between treatments. METHODS: We compared the effects of @entity3371 , @entity917 , and their combination on @entity731 events in 14,703 @entity1 randomized in the @entity917 in Acute @entity583 Trial (VALIANT). RESULTS: The number of individuals adjudicated as having a fatal or non-fatal @entity583 in the @entity3371 group was 559 (total investigator reported events 798), 587 (796) in the @entity917 group, and 554 (756) in the combination group; @entity917 versus @entity3371 , p = 0.651 (0.965); combination versus @entity3371 , p = 0.187 (0.350). Overall, all @entity731 events examined occurred at a similar frequency in the @entity3371 and @entity917 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin receptor blockers appear to be as effective as @entity1289 inhibitors in reducing @entity731 events, even when used in addition to other secondary preventive treatments. These data, although not conclusive, also support the hypothesis that adding an ARB to an @entity1289 inhibitor may have a small additional anti- @entity1188 effect, a possibility that needs to be prospectively tested.

title: The effect of @entity917 , @entity3371 , or both on XXXX events after @entity583 : an analysis of the @entity917 in Acute @entity583 Trial (VALIANT).

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: Antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and molecular profiles of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) non-O157 strains isolated from @entity1 stool samples, @entity291 stool samples, and beef samples over a period of 2 years in Calcutta, India, were determined. Resistance to one or more antibiotics was observed in 49.2% of the STEC strains, with some of the strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. The dominant combinations of virulence genes present in the strains studied were stx(1) and stx(2) (44.5% of strains) and stx(1), stx(2), and hlyA (enterohemorrhagic @entity526 hemolysin gene) (19% of strains). Only 6.4% of the STEC strains harbored eae. The diversity of STEC strains from various sources was assessed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). STEC strains that gave identical or nearly similar DNA fingerprints in RAPD-PCR and had similar virulence genotypes were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Identical RAPD and PFGE profiles were observed in four sets of strains, with each set comprising two strains. There was no match in the RAPD and PFGE profiles between strains of STEC isolated from @entity291 and those isolated from @entity1 . It appears that the clones present in @entity291 sources are not transmitted to @entity1 in the Calcutta setting although these strains showed evolutionary relatedness. Maybe for this reason, STEC has still not become a major problem in India.

title: Antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and molecular profiles of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX isolates from diverse sources in Calcutta, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with the surgical treatment of @entity2694 . METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 presenting to the author for treatment of @entity2694 over a 5 year period with a minimum of 1 year follow-up were included in this review. Demographic data, surgical approaches, and recurrence rates were documented. RESULTS: A total of seven @entity1 were treated for this condition. Complete surgical resection was achieved with the outlined technique in 71% of the @entity1 , and gross @entity5 removal was achieved in the remaining 29% of @entity1 . This latter group received postoperative gamma-knife treatment, and only a single @entity1 has evidence of persistent disease that is nonprogressive at 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1653 of the orbit, whether primary (ectopic) or secondary. should be treated as at other sites with complete surgical excision if possible. Gamma knife or intensity modulated radiotherapy may be useful for residual microscopic disease. Surgical clearance is facilitated with the broad field exposure afforded by the orbitozygomatic approach outlined in the article, with particular attention directed at positive identification of key landmarks particularly in retro-orbital and cavernous sinus extension.

title: Orbitozygomatic resection of XXXX of the orbit.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the results of a muscle transposition procedure in which the halves of the vertical rectus muscle bellies are sutured onto the sclera, without tenotomy of vertical recti as in Hummelsheim's procedure or surgical treatment of the lateral rectus (LR) as in Jensen's procedure. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity9175 received the procedure. We measured the @entity2194 and the field of single binocular vision, and observed the LR using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Preoperative or postoperative deviation was distributed from +27 to +58 prism diopters (PD) or orthophoria to +12 PD, respectively, in 7 @entity1 with @entity9598 , and +75 to +120 PD or +2 to +37 PD in 3 @entity1 with bilateral paresis. The average correction was 42.4 PD per eye. Seven @entity1 were able to regain the field of single binocular vision at least in the primary position. No postoperative complications were observed. MRI showed that the LR was @entity3202 and floppy, lacking muscle tension. CONCLUSIONS: Our procedure enabled the @entity1 to obtain satisfactory postoperative results without treatment of the LR or tenotomy of the transposed muscles. This procedure can reduce operative damage to the eye more than Hummelsheim's or Jensen's procedure.

title: A muscle transposition procedure for XXXX , in which the halves of the vertical rectus muscle bellies are sutured onto the sclera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral paresis']

answer: @entity9175 :: (MESH:C564661,Disease) :: ['abducens palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uterine atony is the first cause of postpartum @entity548 . In caesarean section, different techniques of uterine compression suture exist when uterotonic drugs fail. Their effectiveness is shown but little data on their effects on subsequent pregnancies are available. The aim of this work is analyze of the obstetrical long-term consequences after uterine compression suture. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 40 cases of uterine compression suture performed in a level III maternity, between 2004 and 2010. The main objective is the evaluation of the obstetrical prognosis of subsequent pregnancies. The efficacy and safety of surgical techniques, according to their transfixing character or not, were analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven pregnancies after uterine compression suture were reported among 14 @entity1 whishing another pregnancy. The median time to be pregnant was 27 months (6-78 months). Nine pregnancies were conducted at term. One case of intrauterine growth restriction and a moderate @entity3465 at 32 weeks were observed. There was no significant difference in efficacy and early surgical complications according to the surgical technique; however, both @entity63 were observed after transfixing compression suture. CONCLUSION: The obstetric prognosis after a uterine compression suture is kept. The transfixing techniques may cause more @entity63 . An evaluation of surgical techniques depending on their transfixing, or not, character on a large cohort is necessary for the evaluation of the influence of the technique on fertility and @entity260 .

title: [Obstetric outcomes after uterine compression suture for treatment of postpartum XXXX : Long-term monitoring of 40 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity135 can affect certain fundamental functions, including eating, drinking, speaking and respiration. One overriding factor in deciding on treatment policy is the tendency for head and @entity5 to be limited to the primary site and regional lymph nodes with surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of @entity135 operated at ENT clinic Tuzla, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Medical records of @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed head and @entity5 over a 5 year period (2003-2007) were analyzed. Eight hundred and eight one (881) cases, made up of 519 (58,8%) males and 362 (41,1%) females were found. The most common sites for head and @entity5 were found to be in the larynx (26,1%), oral cavity (21,7%), the thyroid gland (14,64 %) and the neck (8,51%). A total of 230 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity189 (M:173; F:57), showing the increasing number of female @entity1 . The histopathological @entity5 types found in this work were @entity957 (72,09%), @entity1377 (12,2%), while many other minor histopathological variants accounted for 13%. The most @entity1 were presented with stage I and stage III of disease (27% and 28,3%), and 19,9% with stage IV. About 40% of @entity1 did not have data about smoking habit and @entity167 drinking. The incidence of @entity135 seems to be relatively high, but without significant increase during investigated period. More investigation concerning risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies should be done in future.

title: Pattern of head and neck XXXX in a Tuzla ENT clinic--a five year experience.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'Head and Neck tumours', 'Head and neck neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neck malignancy', 'neck malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mostly squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours']


abstract: Background. Mechanical endurance of bones to acting forces is a result of geometrical properties, mineralisation and quality of the material they are built. Bone mineral density decrease influences lower bone mechanical endurance and its higher susceptibility on @entity174 . Among many factors that condition proper growth, development and repair processes of skeletal system, nervous system plays very important role in processes of bone metabolism regulation and its homeostasis maintenance. Bone @entity174 occurrence as a result of @entity2331 and its @entity174 connected with @entity1897 require investigations of new and effective treatments that would guarantee correct repair processes of bone tissue and its physiological function maintenance. Material and methods. All investigation was performed on 16 @entity233 divided into two groups. Right ulnae were subjected to denervation, osteotomy and osteosynthesis. The first group of @entity233 served as control, the second group were administered @entity15706 (AKG) directly to crop at the dosage of 0.4g/kg b.w./day by 14 weeks, starting on the next day after surgery. After finishing breeding part of experiment, the influence of AKG on mineralisation, structural and mechanical properties of denervated and osteotomied ulna was investigated. Results. Performed investigations on ulna after its osteotomy and denervation elucidated different callus formation in @entity233 belong to control group and receiving AKG. The positive influence of @entity15706 administration on morphology, mineralisation and mechanical properties of experimentally osteotomied and denervated ulna was stated.Conclusions. Obtained results prove anabolic effect of @entity15706 on bone tissue, after its administration via digestive tract. Considering increased mineralisation, higher volumetric cortical bone density and increased trabecular bone density, AKG can be utilised as a factor in prevention of @entity2331 and @entity170 . Achieved results indicate possibility of existence connection by AKG between digestive system and skeletal system.

title: The influence of @entity15706 (AKG) on mineralisation, mechanical and structural properties of ulna in XXXX under conditions of osteotomy and denervation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nervous system injury']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: @entity23002 ( @entity23002 ) used for mesh fixation in @entity4037 repair (LVHR) are an occasional source of prolonged @entity282 . We sought to analyze the incidence of @entity23002 site @entity158 and the efficacy of local treatment methods. A retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent LVHR from January 1999 to August 2002 was performed to identify @entity1 experiencing suture site @entity158 . @entity1 were considered candidates for injection therapy if their discomfort lasted 10 days postoperatively. @entity1 demographics, @entity547 size, mesh size, and subjective @entity158 intensity were recorded. Treatment consisted of injection circumferentially around the suture site with 0.25 per cent @entity1341 with one to 200,000 epinephrine and 1 per cent @entity3303 at the level of the abdominal musculature. Statistical (P < 0.05) significance was determined by chi-square, logistic regression, and analysis of variance. One hundred three @entity1 (42 @entity1 and 61 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 53 years (range 26-78) and weight of 99.8 kg (range 61-239) underwent LVHR. Mean @entity547 size was 192 cm2 (range 12-450) and mean size of mesh placed measured 534 cm2 (range 100-1200). Twenty-four @entity1 (23%) complained of prolonged discomfort at a transabdominal suture site and were injected postoperatively in the office as described. Of these 58 per cent were female and 42 per cent were male. Logistic regression demonstrated increasing mesh size was the only factor (P < 0.01) that correlated with the need for injection. Twenty-two of 24 @entity1 (92%) undergoing injection therapy had complete relief of their symptoms. Twenty @entity1 required a single injection and two @entity1 required two injections to treat their @entity23002 site @entity158 . After local injection failure two @entity1 were referred to an anesthesia @entity158 service; one underwent intercostal nerve block with complete resolution of @entity158 , while the other is currently in treatment. There were no complications. Suture site @entity158 was present after LVHR in 23 per cent of our @entity1 . Increasing mesh size is associated with a greater chance of suture site @entity158 . It appears to be effectively treated postoperatively with the injection of a local anesthetic at the @entity23002 site. The mechanisms by which short-duration anesthetics relieve @entity1118 are not fully understood.

title: Local injection for the treatment of suture site @entity158 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23002 :: ('MESH:C563296', 'Disease') :: ['TAS', 'Transabdominal sutures']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']


abstract: @entity5 and @entity652 of the @entity2172 are rare neoplasms of indeterminate relationship to one another. Indeed, the literature is devoid of a large comprehensive series that evaluates the clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features of these @entity5 and their potential relationship. Forty-eight cases of @entity2172 between 1970 and 1995 were identified in the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. All cases were evaluated for cytomorphology and architectural pattern, in addition to their reactivity with various immunohistochemical reagents. Clinical follow-up was also obtained. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed with an eye toward correlating any distinct differences or similarities between @entity5 and @entity652 of the @entity2172 . The @entity1 included 21 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 , aged 20 to 80 years (mean, 45.0 y). @entity1 experienced @entity393 , mass, and/or @entity158 for a mean duration of 1.7 years. The mean @entity5 size was 0.8 cm, with six @entity5 extending beyond the @entity2172 . Histologically, the @entity5 were moderately cellular and unencapsulated, arranged in glandular, trabecular, and solid patterns composed of small cells with "salt and pepper" nuclear chromatin distribution. The @entity5 cells were immunoreactive with keratin, @entity5822 , chromogranin, and @entity1 pancreatic polypeptide. All @entity1 had surgery. No @entity1 died with their disease (mean follow-up, 15.7 y). Eight @entity1 developed recurrences that were treated surgically and were without evidence of disease at last follow-up (mean, 15.1 y). Our study and the review of the literature showed @entity652 and @entity5 of the @entity2172 to be essentially indistinguishable @entity5 . @entity2172 most correctly describes their morphologic features and clinical behavior, although neuroendocrine @entity652 of the @entity2172 may be a more accurate designation.

title: @entity652 of the XXXX : a study of 48 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear', 'Middle ear adenoma', 'middle ear adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'Carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, clinical significance and prognostic implications of alterations in thyroid function tests (TFTs) in @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ). METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity810 for 2 consecutive years. TFTs (serum thyrotropin [TSH], free @entity1955 [FT4] and total @entity1954 [T3] concentrations) were completed for each @entity1 on 3 occasions: at admission, at hospital discharge and at their first outpatient visit. TFTs were related to clinical and analytical data. Thirty-five @entity1 (16 @entity1 [45.7%], mean age    SD, 65.2    18.0 years) with @entity810 ( @entity1011 5.6    2.2 mg/dL) were studied. There were 10 (28.6%), 10 (28.6%), 11 (31.4%) and 4 (11.4%) @entity1 with prerenal, renal, mixed (prerenal and renal), and postrenal @entity810 , respectively. RESULTS: Total prevalence of alterations in TFTs was 82.9% (n=29). Of those, @entity3214 ( @entity3214 ) with low T3 only was the most common (n=13, 37.1%) derangement. In the whole group of @entity1 , median TSH (0.93   U/mL, interquartile range 0.35-2.27   U/mL)and mean FT4 (1.2    0.3 ng/dL) were normal, whereas mean T3 was low (0.7    0.1 ng/mL). TSH, FT4 and T3 were similar in different types of @entity810 . On simple regression analysis, we found a negative correlation only between TSH and serum @entity1133 concentrations (ro=-0.382; p=0.024). At hospital discharge (median hospital stay 6 days; range 2-10 days), TFT showed significant changes only in T3 concentrations (0.8    0.3 ng/mL, p=0.013). At this point, the percentage of @entity1 with normal TFT increased from 17.1% at baseline to 40% at discharge and then to 66.7% at their first outpatient visit. We found no association between the presence and type of alterations in TFT and clinical factors (sex, age, personal history of @entity6 and/or @entity101 , number and type of drugs used, number of signs and symptoms at @entity810 diagnosis, and degree, type and cause of @entity810 ) or prognostic factors (hospital stay, recovery of renal function, need for renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis, development and degree of residual chronic @entity177 and mortality) associated with @entity810 . CONCLUSION: Over 80% of @entity810 @entity1 exhibit alterations in TFT. The commonest derangement is @entity3214 (~70%), mainly @entity3214 , which is present in about one third of the @entity1 with altered TFT. @entity3214 recovers spontaneously as renal function improves. The presence of TFT alterations seems to not be associated with clinical and prognostic implications in @entity810 @entity1 .

title: Thyroid function tests in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid sick syndrome', 'low T3 syndrome', 'ESS']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: Thoracic cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation can maximize the thread contact with cortical bone, and it is 53.8% higher than that of the traditional pedicle screws. Moreover, it can also enable less tissue dissection and retraction for reduced @entity121 .Eighty pediatric @entity1 are divided into 4 age groups and their thoracic vertebrae are analyzed on computed tomography (CT) images. The maximal screw length, maximal screw diameter, screw diameter, and the cephalad angle are measured. The statistical analysis is performed using the Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis.Maximal screw length increases from T9 to @entity7279 and there are significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 at T9, T10, @entity3138 , and @entity7279 in majority of groups (P<0.05). The maximal screw diameter and screw diameter increase from T9 to @entity7279 . The maximal screw diameter ranges from 6.27mm to 10.20mm, whereas the screw diameter ranges from 3.87mm to 6.75mm. Meanwhile, the maximum cephalad angle @entity4318 .06   and the minimum is 13.11  . No statistically significant differences in the cephalad angle are found at all levels.Our study establishes the feasibility of 4.5 to 5.5mm CBT screws fixation via pedicle or pedicle rib unit in the pediatric thoracic spine. The entry point of the pediatric thoracic CBT screws is 6 o'clock orientation of the pedicle. Findings of our study also provide insights into the screw insertion angle and screw size decision.

title: Cortical bone trajectory screws placement via pedicle or pedicle rib unit in the pediatric thoracic spine (T9- XXXX ): A 2-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction study using computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disruption']

answer: @entity7279 :: (923,Gene) :: ['T12']


abstract: The Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system promotes embryonic growth in higher vertebrates. Such a system exists in salmonids, but exhibits an additional level of complexity resulting from a recent whole genome tetraploidisation. Thus, two nonallelic GH genes are present in the trout genome. Although the two GH genes are similar, the possibility remains that the two genes have evolved separately, acquiring a distinct expression pattern. In this study, using whole mounted in situ hybridisation, we observed a one stage delay between the appearance of @entity62932 (Stage 22) and @entity62933 ) soon after pituitary formation (Stage 21). In addition, by double in situ hybridisation, we clearly evidenced two types of somatotroph, one expressing only @entity62932 and the other type both @entity62933 and @entity62932 at Stage 24. Consequently, at this stage more cells expressed @entity62932 than @entity62933 as confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. However at hatching, as in adult, the difference between the expression of the two GH genes was no longer observed. In addition, our immunohistochemical studies did not show any delay between the expression of the mRNA and its translation as a protein at Stage 24. A comparison of the expression pattern of the IGF system components ( @entity29114 , @entity34152 , and the receptor type I) determined by real time RT-PCR, have shown an @entity29114 mRNA increase concomitantly to the appearance of GH expression. On the whole, our results demonstrate a differential regulation of @entity62933 and @entity62932 genes in @entity5660 embryo. The relationship observed between the expression of different component of the GH/IGF system seems to indicate that this system could be functional early on during embryonic development.

title: Differential expression of the two GH genes during embryonic development of XXXX @entity5660 in relation with the IGFs system.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: Epistaxis, superficial and deep @entity1410 , @entity5631 , @entity360 , @entity811 represent the most frequent @entity548 events in @entity3459 . Occasionally, @entity548 manifestations occur in unusual sites or are peculiar. A clotting defect may alter the clinical aspect of @entity272 or @entity281 ( @entity548 ). @entity7252 may occur as a complication of transjugular liver biopsy in @entity447 or @entity3742 . @entity5631 of small joints of feet and hands occur in @entity1 with @entity447 treated with protease inhibitors. Intramedullary @entity1410 of long bones have been described in a2-plasmin inhibitor or @entity34777 . Spleen fracture with consequent hemoperitoneum has been reported in @entity1 with @entity34777 . Rectus muscle sheath @entity1410 may occur in @entity1 with factor VII (FVII)or @entity942 . Acute or subacute @entity1321 may be caused by intramural wall @entity1410 in @entity447 and @entity2880 . Physicians should always keep in mind that a @entity6243 may cause @entity548 in any tissue of the body and therefore alter the normal clinical features of a given disease.

title: Rare and unusual XXXX manifestations in @entity3459 : an annotated review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity34777 :: ('MESH:D000347', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinogen deficiencies', 'fibrinogen deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemorrhagic disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic scabies or varicella']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['Hemarthrosis', 'hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma', 'hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand (vW)-disease']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['FX deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['Hemobilia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: RATIONALE: Elderly @entity1 are at high risk of accidental perioperative @entity2332 . The primary objective of this study was to measure the changes in body temperature and the incidence of @entity2332 in elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity173 surgery. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study on all adult @entity1 undergoing surgery for fractured neck of femur between December 2013 and July 2014. We monitored their temperatures in different perioperative areas at multiple time points and also noted the warming methods used. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this study. A significant drop in body temperature (0.7  C, 95% CI: 0.6-0.9, P  <  0.001) occurred from their arrival at the operating theatre until their arrival at the recovery room. A significant drop of 0.2  C (95% CI: 0.1-0.4, P  <  0.001) was observed at the holding bay area. One third of the @entity1 were noted to be hypothermic when they arrived at the recovery room. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that despite the use of active warming methods for most @entity1 , significant @entity2332 is still an issue amongst elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity173 surgery. Further improvement is necessary to prevent @entity2332 in this high-risk group of @entity1 .

title: Perioperative @entity2332 during XXXX surgery: An observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Off-midline procedures seem to be the best method of primary wound closure after excision of a @entity2869 . Primary wound closure with a Limberg flap was compared to secondary wound healing. METHODS: From January 2006 to July 2012, 102 @entity1 with given informed consent (mean age 28  years, @entity1 81  %) who had excision of a @entity2869 in three hospitals in Switzerland were randomised to group L (Limberg flap, n   =   51) or to group E (excision only, n   =   51). Primary endpoint was duration of incapacity for work. Follow-up was at 3  weeks and at 1  year postoperative (95  % follow-up). RESULTS: Both groups were comparable with regard to @entity1 characteristics. The median (range) operation time was 60 (30-80)   min in group L vs. 30 (10-75)   min in group E (p   <   0.001). No significant differences were found in @entity282 and painkiller intake; @entity158 , percentage of @entity1 at work and overall satisfaction at 3  weeks postoperative; and overall duration of incapacity for work and overall satisfaction at 1-year follow-up. The complication rate was 49  % in group L vs. 12  % in group E (p   <   0.001). Complications in group L were @entity2080 (6  %), wound @entity6783 (45  %), @entity39 (10  %), @entity1410 (6  %), @entity281 (4  %) and recurrent disease (13  %). Complications in group E were recurrent disease (6  %) and @entity74 (6  %). CONCLUSIONS: After excision of a @entity2869 , primary wound closure with a Limberg flap has no advantage over secondary wound healing. The main reason for this conclusion is the relatively high complication rate of primary wound closure with a Limberg flap.

title: Primary wound closure with a Limberg flap vs. secondary wound healing after excision of a XXXX : a multicentre randomised controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['wound healing disorder']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In animal models of heterotopic transplantation, mechanical unloading of the normal, nonhypertrophic heart results in @entity194 . Primarily on the basis of these animal data, the notion that chronic @entity1002 ( @entity1002 )-induced unloading will result in @entity194 has dominated the clinical @entity712 field, and anti- @entity3202 drugs have been used to enhance the cardiac recovery potential observed in some @entity1002 @entity1 . However, whether unloading-induced @entity194 in experimental normal heart models applies to failing and @entity1184 in @entity712 @entity1 unloaded by continuous-flow LVADs has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: The study examined whether mechanical unloading by continuous-flow @entity1002 leads to @entity296 . METHODS: We prospectively examined myocardial tissue and hemodynamic and echocardiographic data from 44 @entity1002 @entity1 and 18 untransplanted normal donors. RESULTS: Cardiomyocyte size (cross-sectional area) decreased after @entity1002 unloading from 1,238    81  m(2) to 1,011    68  m(2) (p = 0.001), but not beyond that of normal donor hearts (682    56  m(2)). Electron microscopy ultrastructural evaluation, cardiomyocyte glycogen content, and echocardiographic assessment of myocardial mass and left ventricular function also did not suggest @entity296 . Consistent with these findings, t-tubule morphology, cytoplasmic penetration, and distance from the @entity8452 receptor were not indicative of ongoing @entity5707 during @entity1002 unloading. Molecular analysis revealed no up-regulation of proatrophic genes and proteins of the ubiquitin proteasome system. CONCLUSIONS: Structural, ultrastructural, microstructural, metabolic, molecular, and clinical functional data indicated that prolonged continuous-flow @entity1002 unloading does not induce @entity1184 regression to the point of @entity194 and degeneration. These findings may be useful in designing future investigations that combine @entity1002 unloading and pharmaceutical therapies as a bridge to recovery of the failing heart.

title: @entity296 and chronic mechanical unloading of the failing @entity1 heart: implications for cardiac assist device-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVAD', 'left ventricular assist device']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial recovery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibodies against @entity6894 and phosphatidylserine (anti-CL and anti-PS) are associated with @entity715 . In contrast, we determined that IgM antibodies against oxidized CL and PS (OxCL and OxPS) and @entity2945 (anti-PC) could be protection markers for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: 226 individuals with established @entity101 (diastolic pressure>95 mmHg) from the European Lacidipine Study on @entity731 . Antibodies were tested by ELISA. As a surrogate measure of @entity731 , the mean of the maximum @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in the far walls of common carotids and bifurcations was determined by ultrasonography at the time of inclusion and 4 years following inclusion. RESULTS: Increases in @entity121 measures at follow-up were significantly less common in subjects which at baseline had high IgM anti-OxPS and anti-PC at above 75th percentile: OR 0,45, CI (0,23-0,86) and OR 0.37, CI (0,19-0,71), p=0.0137 respectively and above 90th percentile: OR 0.32, CI (0,12-0,84) and OR 0.39, CI (0,15-1.00), p=0.050 and OR 0,22, CI (0,08-0,59) p=0,0029. IgM anti-OxCL was negatively associated with @entity121 increases (OR, 0.32, CI (0,12-0,84), p=0231). There were no associations for IgM anti-PS or anti-CL. Anti-PC, as determined herein by a commercial ELISA, was strongly associated with data from our previously published in house ELISA (R=0,87; p<0,0001).) Anti-PC was also a risk marker at low levels (below 25th percentile; OR=2,37 (1,16-4,82), p=0,0177). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of IgM anti-OxPS and anti-OxCL, but not traditional anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PS and anti-CL), are associated with protection against @entity731 development. In addition, low IgM anti-PC was a risk marker but high a protection marker.

title: Antibodies against Native and Oxidized Cardiolipin and Phosphatidylserine and XXXX in @entity731 Development.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thicknesses']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['Phosphorylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to observe the change in plasma PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) level during various periods and in different subtypes in @entity2704 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We divided 227 @entity1 with @entity2704 into 2 main groups: the attack period group (n=98) and the attack-free period group (n=129). @entity1 were further divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they had aura symptoms. The control group consisted of 100 healthy subjects. We collected the clinical data of @entity1 and measured the plasma levels of PPARs using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). We used SPSS software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found no significant difference in age, BMI, blood pressure, or blood lipid level among @entity2704 @entity1 during the @entity10 attack period and during the @entity10 -free period compared with the control group. The @entity5601 and @entity11589 /   levels during the @entity10 attack period were significantly higher than during the @entity10 free period and in healthy controls. The PPARy levels during the @entity10 attack period were significantly lower than those during the @entity10 -free period and in the healthy control group. The PPARs levels during the @entity10 attack period were significantly different from those during the @entity10 -free period, regardless of presence or absence of aura. The PPARs levels during the @entity10 -free period were not significantly different from those of the healthy control group. The level of PPARs has no significant differences between @entity2795 group and without aura group, regardless of whether @entity10 attack. CONCLUSIONS: PPARs involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2704 . Presence of absence of aura had no obvious effect on PPARs level.

title: Changes in plasma PPARs levels in @entity2704 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Macrozoospermia is characterized by a high proportion of abnormal spermatozoa with enlarged heads. So far, it has been associated with mutations only in the @entity16512 gene ( @entity16512 ) in some cases. Although many publications have reported failure to conceive in couples with macrozoospermia, a few others have described successful pregnancies, thus raising questions as to whether ICSI and @entity16512 genetic screening should be recommended in all @entity1 with macrozoospermia. First, we report on two monozygotic twins presenting macrozoospermia for whom the genetic status was explored ( @entity16512 sequencing) and whole semen and gradient-selected spermatozoa were analyzed, using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), Electron Microscopy and flow cytometry. Additionally, FISH analysis was performed on individually selected uniflagellate spermatozoa with normal sized heads. Second, we also provide an updated review of @entity1 with macrozoospermia gathering the percentage of @entity12179 , the genetic status and pregnancy outcomes. Both twins carried a homozygous mutation of @entity16512 . Spermocytograms showed means of 86% and 83.5% of enlarged head forms. FISH analyses showed that normal head size, uniflagellate spermatozoa had an aneuploid or polyploid nucleus despite a high level of selection. SEM analysis also showed special intranuclear inclusions in @entity12179 . Our data together with cases reported in the literature allowed us to recommend that the @entity16512 gene should be sequenced when the sperm contains 30% or more of @entity12179 , and when a mutation is found, ART should not be performed. Our analyses provide information that could greatly help practitioners in their decision-making with regard to optimal care of @entity1 with macrozoospermia.

title: Diagnostic genetic screening for assisted reproductive technologies XXXX with macrozoospermia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged head spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity16512 :: ('6795', 'Gene') :: ['Aurora Kinase C', 'AURKC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may be protective for the development of @entity14 , although epidemiologic data have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of dietary fibre on the incidence or recurrence of @entity2513 , the incidence of @entity14 , and the development of adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY: We identified randomized controlled trials from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register up to Oct 2001 SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials were assessed. The population included all subjects that had @entity6523 but no previous history of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), a documented "clean colon" at baseline and repeated visualization of the colon/rectum after at least two years of follow-up. Dietary fibre was the intervention. The primary outcomes were the number of subjects with: a) at least one @entity652 , b) more than one @entity652 , c) at least one @entity652 greater than or equal to 1 cm or d) a new diagnosis of @entity14 . The secondary outcome was the number of adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessed trial quality and resolved discrepancies by consensus. The outcomes were reported as relative risks (RR) and risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). If statistical significance was reached, the number need to treat (NNTT) or harm (NNTH) was reported. The study data were combined with the fixed effects model if it was clinically, methodologically, and statistically reasonable. MAIN RESULTS: Five studies with 4349 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were @entity3505 bran fibre, ispaghula husk, or a comprehensive dietary intervention with high fibre whole food sources alone or in combination. When the data were combined there was no difference between the intervention and control groups for the number of subjects with at least one @entity652 [RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.95,1.13); RD 0.01 (95% CI 0.02,0.04)]. As well, the combined results for the number of subjects with more than one @entity652 [RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.89,1.17), RD 0.00 (-0.02,0.03)] or at least one @entity652 1 cm or greater [RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.77,1.15), RD -0.01 (-0.02,0.01)] were not statistically significant. Other primary and secondary outcomes and subanalyses by type of fibre intervention were not statistically or clinically significant. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence from RCTs to suggest that increased dietary fibre intake will reduce the incidence or recurrence of @entity6523 within a two to four year period.

title: Dietary fibre for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas and carcinomas']


abstract: Since drug induced @entity99 is difficult to predict in animal models, more representative tests are needed to better evaluate these effects in @entity1 . Existing in vitro systems hold great potential to detect hepatotoxicity of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the in vitro biokinetics of the model hepatotoxicant @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) were evaluated in three different liver cell systems after repeated exposure in order to incorporate repeated-dose testing into an in vitro assay. Primary @entity35 and @entity1 hepatocytes, cultured in sandwich configuration and the @entity1 HepaRG cell line were treated daily with @entity5579 for 14days. Samples were taken from medium, cells and well plastic at specific time points after the first and last exposure. The samples were analysed by HPLC-UV to determine the amount of @entity5579 in these samples. Based on @entity137 assays, the three models were tested at 1-2 M @entity5579 , while the primary @entity35 hepatocytes and the HepaRG cell line were in addition exposed to a higher concentration of 15-20 M. Overall, the mass balance of @entity5579 decreased in the course of 24h, indicating the metabolism of the compound within the cells. The largest decrease in parent compound was seen in the primary cultures; in the HepaRG cell cultures the mass balance only decreased to 50%. @entity5579 accumulated in the cells during the 14-day repeated exposure. Possible explanations for the accumulation of @entity5579 are a decrease in metabolism over time, inhibition of efflux transporters or binding to phospholipids. The biokinetics of @entity5579 differed between the three liver cell models and were influenced by specific cell properties as well as culture conditions. These results support the conclusion that in vitro biokinetics data are necessary to better interpret chemical-induced @entity137 data.

title: Biokinetics of @entity2644 in primary @entity35 and XXXX hepatocytes and @entity1 HepaRG cells after repeated exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We report a case of a 39-year-old @entity1 who presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with symptoms of @entity7551 and @entity221 . Diagnosed with @entity883 , she received antibiotics and @entity619 , and was discharged. Within 24   h she returned to the @entity341 with signs and symptoms of an @entity1187 ; she was thus given b-blockers. Her coronary angiogram was normal. She developed @entity1455 with an ejection fraction (EF) of 10% and apical ballooning on echocardiography. Her condition improved with optimal medical therapy. Subsequent testing weeks later confirmed the presence of a @entity1911 . Following @entity3159 and an adrenalectomy, all her antihypertensive medications were weaned and her EF normalised. We believe the high-dose exogenous @entity288 triggered a @entity1911 . The concomitant use of b-blockers without preceding a blockade resulted in @entity65 . @entity1911 crisis must be included in the differential diagnosis of any dramatic @entity891 after administration of exogenous @entity228 or b-blockers.

title: Transient XXXX during a crisis of @entity1911 triggered by high-dose exogenous @entity288 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma crisis', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic collapse']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate whether treatment with a @entity505 brace (CMCR) stops the progression of @entity2112 in @entity1 and adolescents affected by combined or thoraco-lumbar @entity1635 . METHOD: We compared clinical features (hump and vital capacity) and radiolographic data (Cobb angle, sacral slope, @entity1515 and @entity1513 ) at brace set-up and removal in 115 @entity1 and adolescents with combined or thoraco-lumbar @entity1635 . The impact of the brace was evaluated in 2 subgroups: @entity1 who started the treatment at Risser stages 0, 1 or 2 and those who started the treatment at Risser stages 3 or 4. With 95 @entity1 , a questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical and psychological tolerance of the brace and technical difficulties during treatment with the orthosis. RESULTS: At brace set-up, the immediate angular correction was about 50% compared to the pre-brace angle; the reduction of the vital capacity was weak. After brace removal, radiographic data showed significant @entity1635 and in the lumbar curve of @entity1 with combined @entity1635 , although the thoracic curvature of the combined @entity1635 was unchanged. No significant efficiency on the hump was observed. CONCLUSION: The CMCR brace can stop the progression of moderate combined or thoraco-lumbar @entity1635 in growing @entity1 and adolescents, with little consequence to vital capacity, but seems to have no efficacy on the hump. This type of orthosis provides a better outcome in terms of thoracic mobility and vital capacity. The CMCR brace is indicated for @entity1 and growing teenagers with flexible, progressive @entity1635 . This "mobile" brace definitely has its place in the current therapeutic arsenal.

title: [Evaluation of the efficacy of a @entity505 brace ("Corset monocoque carbone respectant la respiration" [CMCR]) preserving lung capacity to treat @entity2112 in @entity1 and adolescents: a retrospective study of 115 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'improvement in thoraco-lumbar scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterohemorrhagic @entity526 (EHEC), is an emergent pathogen that causes @entity281 and outbreaks of @entity1902 associated with consumption of contaminated food products. Because detection of EHEC in @entity294 @entity1 is not routinely performed, infection is most probably underestimated. AIM: To compare three techniques to detect EHEC: Colony hybridization with DNA probes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of stx1 and stx2 genes and immunoenzymatic detection by ELISA (Premier EHEC) of Stx1 and Stx2 toxins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four outbreaks of food-borne @entity1902 were studied including 16 @entity1 and 78 strains of @entity526 . Twenty-one (26.9%) strains, hybridized with the stx1 probe, 1 (1.3%) hybridized only with the stx2 probe and 36 (46.1%) with both probes. PCR amplification for cytotoxin genes was observed in 6 strains (7.7%) from the second outbreak studied. The immunoenzymatic assay detected the cytotoxins in 18 (23.0%), of the 78 studied strains. Agreement between probes and ELISA was 44.8%, between PCR and probes 34.7% and 82.4% between ELISA and PCR. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a variable yield among different EHEC detection techniques. Considering PCR as the gold standard, ELISA technique showed a better sensitivity and specificity than probes.

title: [Evaluation of molecular and immunoenzymatic assays for detecting Enterohemorrhagic XXXX in food borne outbreaks].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E coli']


abstract: Eleutherodactylus coqui develops directly on land to a frog. The large 3.5-mm oocyte of E. coqui has enough yolk to allow development without a feeding tadpole. In the smaller @entity1238 oocyte, 1.3 mm in diameter, mRNAs involved in germ layer formation, such as @entity37842 and @entity37841 , are localized to the vegetal cortex of the oocyte. We hypothesized that an animal shift has occurred in the localization of the E. coqui Orthologs of @entity37842 and @entity37841 due to the large egg size. Through a combination of degenerate reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned 1634 bp of EcVegT and 1377 bp of EcVg1. Northern blot analysis shows that the lengths of these transcripts are 2.5 kb and 1.3 kb, respectively. This result suggests that we have obtained the complete @entity37841 transcript, although this transcript has an extremely short 3' untranslated region compared with @entity1238 , 256 bp and 1268 bp, respectively. Zygotic expression of EcVegT closely resembles that of @entity37842 , supporting their orthology. Radioactive RT-PCR and in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of EcVegT and EcVg1 predominantly near the animal pole of the oocyte. RT-PCR showed that the animal blastomeres, formed from the first horizontal cleavage, inherit half of the EcVegT and EcVg1 transcripts, although they contain only about 1% of the embryo volume. Our results indicate major differences between the molecular organization of the eggs of @entity1238 and E. coqui.

title: Localization of RNAs in oocytes of Eleutherodactylus coqui, a direct developing frog, differs from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'X. laevis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: The reliability of resting energy expenditure (REE) measurements by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood was investigated in 50 healthy controls and 10 @entity1 with @entity1575 . In each subject basal energy expenditure ( @entity5157 ) was determined once and REE three times (morning REE1, noon REE2, afternoon REE3). In controls and @entity1 the first 5-minute @entity5157 and first 5-minute REE (controls also second 5-minute REE) were higher than in the remainder of the 30-minute recording. Only the last 20 minutes of recordings were used to calculate @entity5157 (1645 +/- 315, mean +/- SD, in kilocalories per day), REE1 (1880 +/- 365), REE2 (1782 +/- 384), and REE3 (1775 +/- 316) in controls, and in cirrhotics: @entity5157 (1530 +/- 235), REE1 (1714 +/- 267), REE2 (1715 +/- 238), and REE3 (1779 +/- 275). REE was higher than @entity5157 in controls and cirrhotics (p less than 0.05). The REE variation coefficient was 5 +/- 3% in controls and 5 +/- 2% in cirrhotics. No systematic difference between REE1, REE2, and REE3 was found. Energy expenditure predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation differed up to 21% from measured @entity5157 in individual controls; group mean @entity5157 , however, was correctly predicted. In cirrhotics differences between measured and predicted @entity5157 up to 26% occurred, while measured @entity5157 was higher than predicted @entity5157 (p = 0.06). It is concluded that REE can be reliably assessed by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood system in controls and @entity1 at any time of the day, when values obtained in the first 10 minutes are deleted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessment of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry in healthy subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity573 ( @entity573 ) is a pediatric @entity1333 . Its main complication is the development of @entity574 ( @entity574 ), with @entity574 at the end of the spectrum. We evaluated regression and event-free rates in a non-Asian cohort of @entity1 with @entity574 using the current z-scores adjusted for body surface area instead of absolute diameters. @entity573 @entity1 with @entity574 (z-score   >= 10) visiting our outpatient clinic between January 1999 and September 2015 were included. @entity1 characteristics and clinical details were extracted from medical records. Regression was defined as all coronary arteries having a z-score of <= 3. A major adverse event was defined as @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity1455 , or any coronary intervention. Regression-free and event-free rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We included 52 @entity1 with @entity574 of which 45 had been monitored since the acute phase. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year regression-free rates were 0.86, 0.78, and 0.65, respectively. The 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year event-free rates were 0.79, 0.75, and 0.65, respectively. Four @entity1 , whose @entity574 would not have been classified as 'giant' based on absolute diameters instead of z-scores, had experienced an event during follow-up. CONCLUSION: We found a high percentage of @entity1 in whom the lumen of @entity574 completely normalized. Four @entity1 not classified as 'giant' based on absolute diameters with z-scores of >= 10 experienced a @entity299 . Hence, the use of z-scores seems to be justified.

title: Regression and Complications of z-score-Based Giant Aneurysms in a Dutch Cohort of @entity573 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant CAA', 'CAA', 'coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Till date, several studies have compared angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in terms of delaying the progression of @entity2316 . But the superiority of one drug class over the other remains unsettled. This study has retrospectively compared the effects of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs in @entity2316 . The study aims to compare @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs in terms of delaying or preventing the progression of @entity2316 , association between blood pressure (B.P) and urinary albumin and also B.P and serum @entity1011 with @entity1289 inhibitor and @entity11882 , know the percentage of @entity4144 in @entity1 of @entity2316 receiving @entity1289 inhibitor or @entity11882 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 134 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2316 during the years 2001-2010 and having a complete follow-up were studied, out of which 99 were on @entity11882 (63 @entity1 of @entity9886 and 36 of @entity9887 ) and 35 on @entity1289 inhibitor ( @entity3372 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There was at least 1-month of interval between each observation made and also between the date of treatment started and the first reading that is, the observation of the 1(st) month. In total, three readings were taken that is, of the 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) month after the treatment started. Comparison of the 1(st) and 3(rd) month after the treatment started was done. Mean    standard deviation, Paired t-test, and Chi-square were used for the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The results reflect that ARBs ( @entity9886 and @entity9887 ) when compared to @entity1289 inhibitor ( @entity3372 ) are more effective in terms of delaying the progression of @entity2316 and also in providing renoprotection. Also, ARBs have the property of simultaneously decreasing the systolic B.P and @entity633 when compared to @entity1289 inhibitor ( @entity3372 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7774 receptor blockers are more renoprotective than @entity1289 inhibitors and also provide better cardioprotection.

title: A retrospective study of the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['Telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']