abstract: Local and systemic cytokine responses were studied in 3 groups of @entity291 , with 4 animals each, experimentally infested with @entity27792 (De Villers) first instars (L1). The first group was undergoing a primary @entity277 (G-1), the second group was undergoing a secondary @entity277 (G-2) and the third group was infested for their third consecutive year (G-3). @entity291 were infested with 25 L1 deposited on the skin. Blood and skin samples were taken at 0, 6, 12, 48, 96 and 144h post- @entity277 (h.p.i.). @entity17838 ( @entity17838 ), @entity18194 and @entity12028 ( @entity12028 ) production was studied by immunohistochemistry and sandwich ELISAs. @entity18194 (+) cells showed a significant increase at 6h.p.i. in both reinfested groups (G-2 and G-3) when compared with G-1. In all groups the number of @entity18194 (+) cells decreased significantly at 48h.p.i. @entity17838 (+) cells increased in G-1 at 6 and 48h.p.i., whereas in both reinfested groups increased at 12h.p.i. with a peak at 48h.p.i. @entity12028 (+) cells showed a significant increment at 6h.p.i. in all groups, followed by a rapid descent at 12 (G-1 and G-2) and 48h.p.i. (G-3). Penetration of the skin by @entity27792 did not have any significant effect on @entity12028 serum concentrations and, except for @entity17838 there were no correlation between local production and serum concentrations of cytokines. The increase of both Th1 ( @entity12028 ) and Th2-type cytokines ( @entity18194 and @entity17838 ) indicates that @entity291 T-cell response during the first phases of the @entity277 by @entity27792 is apparently a Th0 response.

title: Local and systemic cytokine responses during larval penetration in XXXX experimentally infested with @entity27792 (Diptera: Oestridae).

entities_list: @entity27792 :: ('7389', 'Species') :: ['Hypoderma lineatum', 'H. lineatum']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'bovine', 'Cattle']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a key role in considering @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in @entity1 with clinical suspicion, but negative CT scan. Although the determination of the CSF @entity648 concentration generally provides high sensitivity, it was recently shown that specificity and positive predictive value are unacceptably low, limiting its use as a diagnostic tool. METHODS: We intended to design and evaluate an improved laboratory protocol, which fulfills the requirement of better specificity without losing sensitivity. We present a procedure in which a "bili-excess" concentration is determined, which is the surplus CSF @entity648 measured after subtraction of an estimated upper limit for the individual @entity1 . The latter is calculated from [ @entity648 ](serum), [albumin](serum) and [albumin](CSF), taking into account the propagation of analytical errors in the individual analyses. We investigated the applicability of direct absorption vs. derivative spectroscopy, thereby addressing the influence of various calibration methods. We evaluated our procedure in 92 CSF samples drawn from @entity1 with (n=37) and without (n=55) clinical suspicion of @entity510 . RESULTS: In our study population, we show that specificity increases from 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.91) to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00) using the bili-excess concept, with an established upper limit for bili-excess of 0.11 micromol/L instead of the recommended use of an "uncorrected" CSF @entity648 upper limit of 0.20 micromol/L. Sensitivity in both cases is 1.00 (95% CI, 0.66-1.00). We demonstrate the merit of allowing for analytical imprecision in the bili-excess concept. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a quantitative procedure to explore the likelihood of (CT-negative) @entity510 independent of the absolute CSF @entity648 concentration by considering the "bili-excess" concentration per individual, using derivative spectroscopy to determine CSF @entity648 . This procedure led to an increase in specificity to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00) in our study population.

title: An improved laboratory protocol to assess @entity510 in XXXX with negative cranial CT scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1745 is an oncological and surgical emergency. Delays in referral and diagnosis may influence functional outcome. It is therefore important to identify @entity1 who will regain or maintain the ability to walk after surgery. The aim of the present study was to examine current practice for referral and diagnosis of @entity263 @entity1 with @entity1745 and to identify prognostic factors for neurological outcome after surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study includes 68 consecutive @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent surgery due to neurological compromise. Intervals from onset of neurological symptoms to referral, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed in relation to functional outcome. The prognostic significance of preoperative clinical parameters on gait function one month after surgery was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity1 who were referred from local hospitals had longer delay to surgery than those who directly presented to the @entity5 center (p = 0.004). The rate of diagnosis with MRI increased through the week and peaked on Friday, with few @entity1 being diagnosed during weekends. The ability to walk before surgery, hormone-naive @entity263 , and/or shorter time from @entity4764 were associated with more favorable neurological outcome. In @entity1 with hormone-refractory disease who were unable to walk before surgery regaining ambulation was associated with: duration of paresis < 48 hours (p = 0.005), good preoperative performance status (p = 0.04), preoperative PSA serum level < 200 ng/ml (p = 0.03), and surgery with posterior decompression and stabilization (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and rapid treatment of @entity1745 in @entity263 @entity1 is crucial for neurological recovery. Raising awareness of the condition among @entity1 at risk and among physicians is of outmost importance as well as improving local and regional guidelines for treatment.

title: Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for neurological recovery after surgery for metastatic @entity1745 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'Spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['loss of ambulation']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ) with @entity195 is a @entity395 with poor prognosis. Clinically, it mainly affects young adults, characterized by @entity1162 , @entity1109 and @entity828 . Pathological features consist of ventricular mural thrombi, marked fibrotic thickening of endocardium with scarring of @entity1562 , and multiorgan eosinophilic infiltration. We report a 2-year-old @entity1 with idiopathic @entity5441 associated with @entity195 . The @entity1 was noted to have constitutional symptoms, @entity1283 , and @entity828 . Her total eosinophil count reached 150,000/microliters. She had no history of @entity56 . The microbiological studies were negative. Echocardiography suggested thickened endocardium, @entity4794 and regurgitation. In spite of intensive medical management, the @entity1 died of refractory congestive @entity712 . Autopsy revealed thick fresh mural thrombi involving the biventricular inflow tracts, @entity32 and @entity82 of the endomyocardium, systemic @entity1031 and multiorgan eosinophilic infiltration. The pathology and pathogenesis of the disease are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

title: [ XXXX with @entity195 : report of an autopsy case].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['HES', 'Hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["L  ffler's endomyocarditis"]

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged idiopathic blood eosinophilia']

answer: @entity5441 :: (MESH:D017681,Disease) :: ['Hypereosinophilic syndrome']


abstract: Parasitic castration in the snail- @entity2439 relationship can be understood as any change in the reproductive function of the snail that is due to interference by the developing larvae inside the snail that leads to the reduction or complete disruption of egg-laying activity. This study was designed to observe the parasitic castration of @entity10300 infected with @entity380 during both the pre-patent and patent periods. The effect of @entity281 on snail fecundity and fertility, growth rate and survival was studied during the 62 days following miracidia exposure. An integrated approach was employed that used biochemical and histological tools over the same period. To study the effect of @entity281 on reproduction, we individually exposed 30 snails to 5 miracidia each and tracked their fertility and fecundity. For our histopathological studies, 50 snails were exposed to 20 miracidia each, and for our histochemical studies, 50 snails were exposed to 5 miracidia each. An equal number of uninfected snails were used as a control for each group. The @entity10300 exposed to the BH strain of @entity383 showed 50% positivity for cercarial shedding. Both the experimental and control groups showed 100% survival. The pre-patent period lasted until 39 days after exposure to miracidia. Exposed snails that showed cercarial shedding exhibited higher growth rates than either exposed snails that did not demonstrate cercarial shedding or uninfected controls. Exposed snails without cercarial shedding and uninfected controls showed no differences in the reproductive parameters evaluated during the patent period; snails experiencing cercarial shedding showed a reduction in fecundity and fertility. These snails began to lay eggs only after the 50th day post miracidia exposure. The haemolymph @entity413 levels showed an oscillating pattern that decreased during periods of greater mobilisation of energy by the larvae and was accompanied by a depletion of glycogen in the cephalopodal mass and digestive gland. Histopathological examination at 55 days showed that the ovotestis was highly atrophied. There was almost complete disappearance of germ cells, and the supporting stroma formed a nearly empty net. At day 45, the infected digestive gland showed a high cylindrical epithelium with little preserved cytoplasm. The contents of the secretory granules of the albumen gland of infected animals stained with @entity3737 (AB), pH 1.0, indicating the presence of sulphated @entity3363 . Thus, parasitic castration in the @entity10300 - @entity383 model may be regulated directly and indirectly by the developmental stage of the @entity2439 and the biochemical and histopathological alterations during the patent period of @entity281 .

title: Biological, biochemical and histopathological features related to parasitic castration of XXXX infected by @entity380 .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata', 'B. glabrata']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematode']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3737 :: ('MESH:D000423', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcian blue']

answer: @entity10300 :: (6526,Species) :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata']


abstract: @entity3646 and @entity4047 act on @entity1 lung fibroblasts through specific receptors differing in their composition. Indeed, the gammac chain is constitutively expressed in @entity5 lung myofibroblast but not in normal cells. Here, we have analysed the signal transduction induced by @entity3646 and @entity4047 in both cell types, in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity5 stromal development. The @entity9597 chain is constitutively phosphorylated and pre-associated with the @entity19904 protein in both cell types. In normal cells, we detected the activation of the classic @entity21320 or @entity19904 / @entity8850 pathways, the phosphorylation of @entity4016 , while @entity9705 was constitutively phosphorylated and not modified by both cytokines. In addition to these pathways, in @entity2 myofibroblasts, @entity3646 and @entity4047 induced the phosphorylation of @entity7803 and increased the phosphorylation of @entity9705 . Interestingly, in both cell types @entity3646 and @entity4047 triggered an unusual pattern of @entity6897 and @entity4104 activation. These events probably correspond to a tissue-specific signaling important for the immunoregulatory functions of airways fibroblasts. Indeed, the inflammatory-like pattern of STATs signaling triggered by @entity3646 and @entity4047 in these cells may favor the homing of inflammatory and/or metastatic cells. In lung myofibroblasts, these properties could be modified through the different pattern of JAK activation.

title: Unusual interleukin-4 and -13 signaling in XXXX normal and @entity5 lung fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Phaeochromocytomas and @entity1823 are uncommon. The aims of this study were to analyse the characteristics and the possible roles of @entity876 , Rb, and @entity7465 alterations in these @entity5 . METHODS: The clinicopathological features of 65 @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 ) with phaeochromocytomas or @entity1823 were analysed. The @entity5 were studied for the expression of @entity876 , Rb, and @entity7465 by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Thirty nine of the @entity1 had phaeochromocytomas and 26 had @entity1823 . @entity5 were noted in eight of the @entity1 and @entity5 were seen in 13. @entity1823 were often small, non-functional, and presented incidentally, whereas phaeochromocytomas were usually large, functional, and symptomatic. @entity876 overexpression, loss of Rb expression, and @entity7465 overexpression were seen in four, 43, and 37 of the @entity1 , respectively. Three of the four @entity1 with @entity876 overexpression had bilateral @entity5 . Loss of Rb expression was often found in phaeochromocytomas, whereas @entity7465 overexpression was more frequently seen in @entity1823 . The 10 year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5 was 45%. Two @entity1 died of @entity5 metastases more than 10 years after resection of the primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Phaeochromocytomas and @entity1823 had distinctive clinical features and genetic alterations. The prognosis of @entity1 with these @entity5 was related to the malignant potential. @entity876 overexpression, more common in bilateral phaeochromocytomas and @entity1823 , could be a marker for this @entity5 subgroup.

title: The clinicopathological features and importance of @entity876 , Rb, and XXXX expression in phaeochromocytomas and @entity1823 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour', 'Bilateral tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'paragangliomas']

answer: @entity7465 :: (4193,Gene) :: ['mdm2']


abstract: AIM: We retrospectively examined the acute @entity137 of (neo-)adjuvant combined treatment for @entity5 in an attempt to evaluate potential factors that influence the severity of toxic side effects. @entity1 AND METHOD: Between 1987 and 1995, 120 @entity1 with @entity5 (73 @entity1 with @entity5 , 47 with recurrent disease) received chemoradiation for @entity5 . Fifty-six @entity1 received preoperative chemoradiation, 64 @entity1 were treated postoperatively. Radiation was given by 4-field box technique with 6 to 10 MV-photons. Daily fraction size was 1.8 Gy, total dose 50.4 Gy (range: 41.4 to 56 Gy) +/- 5.4 Gy (range: 3.6 to 19.8 Gy) local boost in selected cases, specified to the ICRU reference point. During the first and fifth week of radiation @entity1487 at a dose of 1000 m2/d for 120 hours was administered by continuous infusion. @entity137 was recorded following (modified) WHO-criteria. RESULTS: Acute grade 3 @entity137 occurred mainly as @entity294 (33%), perineal skin reaction (37%), and @entity1431 (10%). Extension of the treatment volume including paraaortic lymph nodes (L3) led to a significant increase of grade 3- @entity294 (68% vs. 25%, p = 0.0003) and grade 3- @entity1431 (18% vs. 8%, p = 0.03). After abdominoperineal resection less @entity1 suffered from grade 3- @entity294 (8% vs. 47% after sphincter preserving procedures, p = 0.0006), whereas severe @entity5105 occurred more frequently (56% vs. 29%, p = 0.02). @entity1 had significantly more toxic side effects (grade 3- @entity294 : 39% vs. 16% in @entity1 , p = 0.04; grade 2 to 3- @entity390 /emesis: 21% vs. 8% in @entity1 , p = 0.018; grade 2 to 3- @entity1431 53% vs. 31% in @entity1 , p = 0.02). After preoperative chemoradiation a significant reduction of grade 3- @entity294 (11% vs 29%, p = 0.03) and grade 3-erythema (16% vs. 41%, p = 0.04) was noted. CONCLUSION: Treatment volume, type of surgery, sex and sequence of treatment modalities are the most important factors that influence the severity of toxic side effects. Individual adjustment of @entity1487 dosage by monitoring its systemic clearance (which is lower in @entity1 ) could help to avoid toxic side effects. The reduced acute @entity137 of the preoperative approach provides a further argument in favor of the neoadjuvant chemoradiation for @entity5 .

title: [The acute XXXX of the simultaneous radiochemotherapy of rectal carcinoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['perineal erythema']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the systemic and therapeutic effect of topical @entity251 treatment in @entity15732 . METHODS: This prospective clinical, single-arm study included ten postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity15732 . @entity3033 (0.04 g daily) was administered topically for 4 weeks. Serum @entity3800 ( @entity251 , free @entity251 , @entity2671 , @entity9027 ) were determined before and after 4 weeks of treatment, and @entity2411 was evaluated by a horizontal visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Serum levels of total @entity251 increased in all @entity1 (P < .01) and exceeded normal range in eight of ten @entity1 . @entity2411 improved in nine of ten @entity1 (paired t test: P < .01). Four of ten @entity1 showed clinical signs of @entity3428 (enlargement of the clitoris, alterations of the voice, increase in libido) after 4 weeks of treatment. The only @entity1 without subjective improvement had elevated basal serum @entity342 levels and showed clinical signs of @entity3428 before therapy. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity251 is effective in normoandrogenic @entity1 with @entity3854 . @entity342 status should be evaluated before treatment, and dosage should be individualized to avoid virilization and metabolic side effects. Because there is a marked systemic effect, clinical controls and a follow-up with evaluation of serum @entity251 levels are recommended. Other steroids should be included in therapeutic decisions.

title: Short-term effects of topical @entity251 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity15732 :: ('MESH:D007724', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvodynia', 'vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity15732 :: (MESH:D007724,Disease) :: ['vulvar lichen sclerosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of standardized staging, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on survival of @entity1 with completely resected early @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a multicentric retrospective analysis of 283 @entity1 with @entity43 consecutively treated between 1977 and 1993. Borderline @entity5 were excluded. A comprehensive staging was performed during initial laparotomy. @entity1 were treated by standardized surgical resection and all excepted stage IA received a 6-course adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were excluded because of incorrect substaging, inadequate surgery and adjuvant therapy. The analysis was performed on 203 @entity1 with completely resected @entity43 (139, stage I; 64, stage II). Relapse-free survival and overall survival rates for stage I were 66 and 69%, respectively. Relapse-free survival and overall survival rates for stage II were 57 and 61% respectively. Median time of relapse was 18 months (range, 1-107 months). Sites of relapse were peritoneum (45%), retroperitoneal lymph nodes (37%) and distant @entity3 (18%). Relapses occurring within 18 months had a median survival after relapse of 9 months while later relapses had a median survival of 22 months (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in relapse-free and overall survival according to the age, performance status and pathology. @entity900 -based chemotherapy improved the 10-year overall survival of @entity1 with stage IIB and IIC as compared to chemotherapy without @entity900 (oral melphalan. CMF regimen); 91 vs. 33% (P = 0.012) and 75 vs. 42% (P = 0.05), respectively. @entity900 -based regimens did not improve survival in stage IA, IB and IIA. CONCLUSIONS: Early @entity43 have a good prognosis after comprehensive staging, complete surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity900 -based regimens compared to melphalan and CMF showed a significant increase of survival in stage IIB and IIC. Prognosis of relapse depends on the relapse-free interval duration.

title: Long-term follow-up after adjuvant chemotherapy in completely resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'early stage ovarian cancer', 'early stage ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['early stage ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe MR features of spinal @entity130 and assess the value of MR imaging in the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective confrontation between initial and follow up MRI findings and clinical features in 7 young @entity1 with @entity1566 . RESULTS: Five lesions were due to motor vehicle accidents and 2 lesions were secondary to falls. Five @entity1 had multiple associated injuries, 1 @entity1 had associated spinal vertebrae injury, the last had @entity1566 Without @entity854 (SCIWRA). @entity51 was noted in 5 cases of @entity451 , a case of @entity1158 and a case of tetraparesia. The initial MRI showed in 3 cases @entity548 , @entity4 in 2 cases and @entity1745 and contusion in 1 case. Initial MRI was not done in the remaining case. No cord transection was noted. Outcomes were marked by lack of significant neurological recovery with complications due to bed confinement in 5 cases, and complete neurolgical recovery in two cases. In follow up, MR findings included post traumatic @entity5409 (2 cases), "ad integrum" restitution (1 case), segmental @entity194 with @entity5219 (2 cases) and myelomalacia in the 2 other cases. CONCLUSION: MR may offer new possibilities in establishing the prognosis for neurological recovery. Our study demonstrated a good correlation between imaging findings, clinical features and outcomes. A hemorrhagic contusion in the acute stage indicated a poor prognosis while a focal hyperintense area on T2-weighted images may resolve.

title: [MR imaging in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['monoplegia']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cord edema']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['A motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Radiological Abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple @entity74 can be successfully treated using envelope-type coronally advanced flaps. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term (5 years) stability of clinical outcomes achieved with the surgery and the association between @entity1 variables and long-term stability. METHODS: Seventy-three Miller Class I and II @entity1464 affecting 22 young, systemically healthy subjects were treated with coronally advanced flaps with no releasing incisions. All @entity1 were instructed to perform a coronally directed roll technique to minimize the toothbrushing @entity130 to the gingival margin. The clinical reevaluation was made 1 year after the surgery. At this point, 13 @entity1 took part in a supportive periodontal care program consisting of oral hygiene instructions, control of toothbrushing technique, and professional tooth cleaning every 4 months. The remaining nine @entity1 did not participate and received only sporadic care by general dentists. At 5 years post-surgery, all @entity1 were reexamined. RESULTS: At the 5-year examination, 94% of the root surfaces initially exposed due to @entity1464 were still covered with soft tissue, and 85% of the treated @entity74 showed complete coverage. Complete root coverage in all recessions was maintained in 15 out of 22 @entity1 (68%). The long-term stability of the soft-tissue margin in the treated sites was significantly influenced by the @entity1 's regular participation in the recall program and the susceptibility to @entity1464 in other areas of the mouth. A statistically significant increase of keratinized tissue (0.80 +/- 0.64 mm) was observed between the 1- and 5-year observation visits, and the average increase of keratinized tissue between the baseline and the 5-year follow-up amounted to 1.38 +/- 0.90 mm. This increase was significantly affected by the baseline keratinized tissue (KT) and recession (REC) depth: in particular, the 5-year increase in the amount of keratinized tissue was greater in sites with a greater recession depth and lower amount of keratinized tissue at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The successful root coverage results obtained with the coronally advanced flap for multiple @entity74 were well maintained over the 4-year observation period. 2) Negative @entity1 characteristics such as a lack of compliance with a supportive care program and individual susceptibility to @entity1464 were significantly associated with the recurrence in @entity1464 . 3) The increase in keratinized tissue height that followed the coronally advanced flap procedure may be attributed to the tendency of the mucogingival line to regain its genetically determined position.

title: Long-term outcome following treatment of multiple Miller class I and II XXXX in esthetic areas of the mouth.

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'gingival recessions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recession defects']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['recession defects']


abstract: @entity4272 is a well-known complication of therapeutic irradiation. The results of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO2) used in the treatment of @entity102 are reported. From 1992 to 1995, 14 @entity1 with chronic radiation-induced @entity4272 were treated with HBO2. Nine @entity1 were treated in a monoplace chamber at 2.0 atm abs (203 kPa O2), and five @entity1 were treated at 2.36 atm abs (239 kPa O2). Eight @entity1 experienced complete resolution of symptoms and one @entity1 had substantial improvement for a total response rate of 64%. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 35 mo. (mean 17 mo.). Five @entity1 (36%) were classified as non-responders. Three experienced significant improvement during treatment but relapsed soon after therapy was discontinued, whereas two had no symptomatic improvement. Responders who had sigmoidoscopy after therapy showed documented improvement whereas no non-responders showed improvement. The authors conclude that HBO2 therapy should be considered in @entity1 with @entity102 .

title: @entity102 treated with hyperbaric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic proctitis', 'proctitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Chemotherapy with selective intraarterial embolization may promote sustained contact of the drug with the @entity5 and thus could be more effective in the treatment. In this phenomenon, pharmacokinetics of a drug such as @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) play a significant role in guiding the therapy. Therefore, we have compared the pharmacokinetics of @entity1139 and assessed angiographic, morphologic, and histologic changes in the kidney following intravenous @entity1139 versus renal artery infusion with and without embolization with embolic agents, Rhizoma Bletillae (RB) and Gelfoam (GF). @entity235 randomly divided into four groups underwent selective infusion protocols. Blood samples from renal and common iliac veins were analyzed for @entity1139 levels. Angiography and pathology were performed at 4 days. Intravenous @entity1139 (IV- @entity1139 ) caused significantly lower renal vein @entity1139 levels than intraarterial @entity1139 (IA- @entity1139 ) and GF + @entity1139 . RB + @entity1139 produced the lowest @entity1139 levels in both veins (p < 0.05). Common iliac @entity1139 levels were not significantly different after IV- @entity1139 , IA- @entity1139 , or GF + @entity1139 . Angiographic and histologic studies showed extensive @entity548 , @entity39 , and @entity1333 with @entity715 of the target kidneys after RB + @entity1139 , GF + @entity1139 , or IA- @entity1139 , but not IV- @entity1139 . Selective Rhizoma Bletillae chemoembolization can decrease systemic levels of @entity1139 . Gelfoam does not provide sustained local release of @entity1139 or decrease systemic levels of @entity1139 compared with intravenous infusion. Selective renal @entity1139 infusion without an effective embolic agent does not reduce systemic levels compared with intravenous delivery.

title: Pharmacokinetic, angiographic, and histologic comparison of catheter-directed chemoembolization versus systemic chemotherapy in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIMS: The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool @entity1 , to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in mothers and fathers, and to discriminate parenting stress from @entity458 and @entity148 . METHODS: We studied 256 mothers and 204 fathers of @entity1 aged 1-7 years. The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) assesses stress related to parenting. Emotional wellbeing was defined by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) that measures @entity458 and @entity148 , respectively. RESULTS: Fathers reported significantly more social isolation than mothers (P < 0.001). On all other parameters mothers, had higher scores, representing more stress and less wellbeing than fathers. @entity148 were strong predictors of parental stress in both mothers and fathers. Furthermore, maternal parental stress was predicted by birth of subsequent @entity1 and younger @entity1 age. Higher educational attainment predicted increased role restriction in fathers and more health problems in mothers. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the SPSQ, GHQ-28, and STAI-X1 showed that all endpoints of the analysis are positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Fathers reported significantly more social isolation, but less role restriction, @entity337 and state @entity148 than mothers. The SPSQ together with GHQ-28 and STAI-X1 allow a targeted screening aimed at contrasting parents who experience reduced emotional wellbeing with those who struggle with stress directly related to their parenting role.

title: Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety and psychological stress', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability and the natural course of @entity1 suffering from @entity74 to allow optimal counseling and decision making with respect to therapeutic intervention. DESIGN: Retrospective and longitudinal evaluation of clinical symptoms and natural course with emphasis on survival and sensoneurologic and hematologic findings. SETTING: Two large referral-based pediatric bone marrow transplantation units in Europe. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity74 admitted to units in Paris and Leiden between 1972 and 1988 were analyzed until last follow-up or the time at which bone marrow transplantation was performed. The great number of @entity1 and unprecedented amount of data make this report one of the single largest clinical studies on @entity74 . MAIN RESULTS: Ocular involvement occurring at a median age of 2 months was the symptom at initial examination in half of the @entity1 . A striking variability between @entity1 was found. @entity2000 was present in three @entity1 and associated generalized @entity179 was present in two. The probability of survival until the age of 6 years was about 30% for the group as a whole. The cumulative risk of developing @entity227 in the first year of life was about 75% and leveled off afterward. @entity1 with early @entity1503 , ie, before 3 months of age, especially when combined with early @entity227 , had a very poor prognosis regarding life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity74 seems to be a variable disorder with a poor prognosis, especially in @entity1 with early @entity227 . Allogenic bone marrow transplantation remains the only curative approach.

title: XXXX : variability of findings at diagnosis and during the natural course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and hematologic impairment', 'visual or hematologic impairment', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive osteopetrosis', 'Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis']


abstract: In order to investigate the search performance and strategies of nonhuman primates, two macaque monkeys were trained to search for a target template among differently oriented distractors in both free-gaze and fixed-gaze viewing conditions (overt and covert search). In free-gaze search, @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and eye movements revealed the theoretically predicted characteristics of exhaustive and self-terminating serial search, with certain exceptions that are also observed in @entity1 . @entity137 was linearly related to the number of fixations but not necessarily to the number of items on display. Animals scanned the scenes in a nonrandom manner spending notably more time on targets and items inspected last (just before reaction). The characteristics of free-gaze search were then compared with search performance under fixed gaze (covert search) and with the performance of four @entity1 subjects tested in similar experiments. By and large the performance characteristics of both groups were similar; monkeys were slightly faster, and @entity1 more accurate. Both species produced shorter @entity137 in fixed-gaze than in free-gaze search. But while @entity137 slopes of the @entity1 subjects still showed the theoretically predicted difference between hits and rejections, slopes of the two monkeys appeared to collapse. Despite considerable priming and short-term learning when similar tests were continuously repeated, no substantial long-term training effects were seen when test conditions and set sizes were frequently varied. Altogether, the data reveal many similarities between @entity1 and monkey search behavior but indicate that search is not necessarily restricted to exclusively serial processes.

title: Overt and covert visual search in primates: XXXX and gaze shift strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reaction times']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['reaction times']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Efficient and safe liver parenchymal transection is dependent on the ability to address both parenchymal division and hemostasis simultaneously. In this article we describe and compare with a saline-linked instrument a new radiofrequency (RF)-assisted device specifically designed for tissue thermocoagulation and division of the liver used on an in vivo @entity1707 liver model. METHODS: In total, 20 partial hepatectomies were performed on @entity1707 through laparotomy. Two groups were studied: group A (n=8) with hepatectomy performed using only the proposed RF-assisted device and group B (n=8) with hepatectomy performed using only a saline-linked device. Main outcome measures were: transection time, @entity190 during transection, transection area, transection speed and @entity190 per transection area. Secondary measures were: risk of biliary leakage, tissue coagulation depth and the need for hemostatic stitches. Tissue viability was evaluated in selected samples by staining of tissue @entity2125 . RESULTS: In group A both @entity190 and @entity190 per transection area were lower (p=0.001) than in group B (70+/-74 ml and 2+/-2 ml/cm(2) vs. 527+/-273 ml and 13+/-6 ml/cm(2), for groups A and B, respectively). An increase in mean transection speed when using the proposed device over the saline-linked device group was also demonstrated (3+/-0 and 2+/-1cm(2)/min for group A and B, respectively) (p=0.002). Tissue coagulation depth was greater (p=0.005) in group A than in group B (6+/-2 mm and 3+/-1 mm, for groups A and B, respectively). Neither macroscopic nor microscopic differences were encountered in transection surfaces between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed RF-assisted device was shown to address parenchymal division and hemostasis simultaneously, with less @entity190 and faster transection time than saline-linked technology in this experimental model.

title: A radiofrequency-assisted device for bloodless rapid transection of the liver: a comparative study in a XXXX liver model.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity4483 , a small acidic protein, is a member of a multigenic family of @entity460 -modulated proteins. It is mainly produced by astrocytes and the secreted protein, depending on its concentration, can exert either trophic or toxic effects. In @entity1 increased @entity4483 levels have been detected in @entity131 and ischaemia, and neurodegenerative, neurometabolic, inflammatory and @entity146 . Serum @entity4483 concentrations have been used as markers of @entity75 . In the present study @entity4483 serum levels were determined in @entity1 with the @entity66 @entity8019 ( @entity8019 ) and in @entity1 with both the acute neuronopathic (type II) and the non-neuronopathic (type I) types of @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ). Sixteen @entity8019 @entity1 (10 with the childhood, 4 with the adult cerebral forms, 2 asymptomatic) and 22 @entity1120 @entity1 (19 type I, 3 type II) were studied. No statistically significant differences were observed between the @entity8019 (median 0.13 microg/L, p=0.191) or @entity1120 @entity1 (median 0.07 microg/L, p=0.095) and controls of similar age (median 0.10 microg/L, n=22). Serum @entity4483 levels of type II @entity1120 @entity1 were also within the normal for their age range ( @entity1 0.2, 0.22, 0.65; control median 0.81 microg/L, n=44). Lack of clinical symptoms and/or MRI findings in @entity8019 @entity1 was not associated with lower @entity4483 values. Our results indicate that serum @entity4483 levels cannot serve as peripheral marker in the evaluation of @entity75 in @entity8019 and @entity1120 .

title: Serum XXXX levels in @entity8019 and @entity1120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neuroinflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'Gaucher disease', 'Gaucher type I']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['X-ALD', 'X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100B']


abstract: Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is frequently encountered among @entity5 @entity1 . Such @entity5 are supposed to be associated with higher risk of invasion, @entity3 and eventually worse outcome. The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value of @entity1003 tests for @entity2 @entity1 . The study comprised 110 @entity2 @entity1 . Pretreatment @entity1003 tests including PT, aPTT, PTA, INR, D-dimer, @entity2002 levels and platelet counts were evaluated. The plasma level of all coagulation tests revealed statistically significant difference between @entity1 and control group (p  <  0.001). There was a significant association between D-Dimer levels and histological subtypes of NSCLC, pointing an elevated plasma D-dimer level in @entity1544 (p  =  0.035). @entity1 with extensive stage @entity4153 exhibited evidently higher levels of D-Dimer, INR and PLT (p  =  0.037, p  =  0.042, p  =  0.04, respectively). Prolongation of PT and INR had statistically significant adverse effect on survival (p  =  0.05 and p  =  0.014, respectively). Although prolonged aPTT and high levels of D-dimer was associated with worse survival, the difference was not statistically significant (p  =  0.117, p  =  0.104). Multivariate analysis revealed INR as the sole independent prognostic variable among coagulation parameters (p  =  0.05). In conclusion, elevation of PT and INR are associated with decreased survival in @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Clinical and prognostic significance of coagulation assays in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short- and long-term consequences of palliative reresection of specific symptomatic lesions in @entity1 with widely disseminated (incurable) @entity259 ( @entity259 ). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although reoperative neck microdissections can normalize calcitonin levels in @entity1 with metastatic @entity259 confined to regional lymph nodes, there is no curative therapy for widely metastatic disease. However, these @entity1 frequently have prolonged survival, but often with debilitating symptoms. METHODS: Between October 1981 and January 1997, 16 @entity1 (mean age, 46 +/- 3 years; 10/16 female) underwent 21 palliative reoperations for unresectable @entity259 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. All @entity1 had significant symptom(s) or impending compromise of vital structures by a discrete lesion and had unequivocal preoperative evidence of a total disease burden that was unresectable. RESULTS: The mean interval from initial thyroidectomy to palliative surgery was 5.8 +/- 1.5 years. All @entity1 had significant @entity5 burdens as evidenced by preoperative calcitonin values ranging from 900 to 222,500 pg/mL (nL < or = 17 pg/mL). The palliative operations consisted of reoperative neck dissection/mass excision (11), mediastinal mass resection (4), esophagectomy (1), liver trisegmentectomy (1), sigmoidectomy (1), bilateral simple mastectomies (1), pituitary resection (1), and subcutaneous mass excisions (1). All but two of the operative specimens contained @entity259 . There was no perioperative mortality. The long-term morbidity rate was limited to one recurrent @entity13587 . All @entity1 had initial relief of the index symptom(s) after the palliative surgery, followed by a median actuarial symptom-free survival rate of 8.2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with widely metastatic @entity259 often live for years, but many develop symptoms secondary to @entity5 persistence or progression. Judicious palliative, reoperative resection of discrete, symptomatic lesions can provide significant long-term relief of symptoms with minimal operative mortality and morbidity. In selected @entity1 with metastatic @entity259 causing significant symptoms or physical compromise, palliative reoperative resection should be considered despite the presence of widespread incurable metastatic disease.

title: Effective long-term palliation of symptomatic, incurable metastatic XXXX by operative resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC lesions', 'MTC', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Compound A generation and accumulation in @entity2614 anaesthesia is dependent on fresh gas flow. We investigated the extent of generation of compound A. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, @entity1 with normal renal function were randomized to receive either @entity2614 (n = 33) or @entity5161 (n = 43) minimal flow anaesthesia (0.5 L @entity1009 ) for at least 2 h under standardized conditions. Compound A concentrations were quantified and blood and urine samples were taken to assess renal involvement. Both groups were comparable. RESULTS: No significant differences concerning blood chemistry and urine measurements were found. The maximum mean compound A concentration was observed 90 min after flow reduction being 40 +/- 9 p.p.m. at a corresponding mean @entity2614 concentration of 2.1 +/- 0.5 vol%. Mean inspiratory compound A exposure was 102 +/- 33 p.p.m h-1. CONCLUSION: Compound A concentrations using 0.5 L @entity1009 fresh gas flow and a heated absorber were higher than previously published values using an inflow of 1 L @entity1009 . Compound A exposure was similar to other clinical studies which did not show changes in renal and hepatic function.

title: Minimal flow @entity2614 and XXXX anaesthesia and impact on renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: AIM: To observe the changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) content in anterior chamber before and after extra capsular lens extraction for investigating the mechanism of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) inhibiting @entity32 . METHODS: Eighty-four @entity95 were randomly divided into control and experimental group, 42 @entity95 in each group. Extra capsular lens extraction was done on unilateral eye in each @entity95 . LMWH was perfused into anterior chamber by the concentration of 50U/mL at the end of operation in experimental group. The degrees of @entity3279 , aqueous flare and fibrin were evaluated with slit lamp microscope on postoperative day 1, 3, 6, 15, 30, 45 and 60, respectively. Six eyes of each group were at each time point. Contents of bFGF in @entity7462 were determined by ELISA after animals were killed. Another six eyes were used for determining the base line level of bFGF in @entity7462 . RESULTS: The degrees of @entity3279 , aqueous flare and fibrin in experimental group were significantly lighter than those in control group (P<0.01) on postoperative day 1, 3 and 6, respectively. No difference was showed between the two groups at other point time. Contents of bFGF in @entity7462 increased at the same time. bFGF content reached peak on postoperative day 1 in experimental group, while on postoperative day 6 in control group. Contents of bFGF in the two groups declined slowly after reaching peak. The bFGF content in control group were significantly higher than that in experimental group 1-30 days after surgery (P<0.05). No significant differences were shown between the two groups on postoperative day 45 and 60, respectively. CONCLUSION: Perfusion with LMWH by the concentration of 50U/mL can significantly reduce @entity32 after extra capsular lens extraction in @entity95 , which may be related to down regulation of bFGF content in @entity7462 .

title: LMWH inhibits @entity32 after extra capsular lens extraction through down regulation of bFGF content in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8518 is a rare @entity2315 characterized by the intracellular accumulation of @entity1434 . Treatment involves intracellular @entity1434 depletion with oral @entity8488 . A wide spectrum of ocular pathologic features has been associated with @entity8518 . We used the largest documented cohort of @entity1 in the world to study the posterior segment manifestations associated with @entity54547 and to determine retrospectively the effect of chronic oral @entity8488 therapy on the frequency of these abnormalities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of a series of @entity1 . @entity1 : Two hundred eight @entity1 with @entity54547 were studied at the National Institutes of Health between 1976 and 2004. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent an ophthalmic evaluation. @entity1 older than 11 years also underwent Humphrey static perimetry, and electrophysiological testing was performed when possible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, retina findings, visual fields, and electroretinographic (ERG) findings. RESULTS: Pigmentary changes with retinal pigment epithelial mottling, seen as early as infancy, were the most common posterior segment manifestations. Moderate to severe constriction of the visual fields, as well as moderate to severe reduction of rod- and cone-mediated ERG responses, was seen in older @entity1 . The frequency of @entity989 correlated directly with time not receiving oral @entity8488 therapy and inversely with time receiving oral @entity8488 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Infantile @entity8518 has @entity1347 that can contribute to significant @entity227 . Early initiation of oral @entity8488 therapy can reduce the frequency of @entity1347 in @entity8518 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : posterior segment manifestations and effects of @entity8488 therapy.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual handicap']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment complications']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity54547 :: ('MESH:C565655', 'Disease') :: ['infantile nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis', 'nephropathic cystinosis', 'Cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['Nephropathic cystinosis']


abstract: Prenatal mortality in European @entity1707 is estimated at 30-40%, the majority of which occurs between days 12 and 18 after mating. Chinese Meishan @entity1707 are prolific, averaging three to five more @entity1707 per litter than do European breeds. Early reports into the fecundity of Meishan females suggested that their prolificacy resulted from lower embryonic mortality when compared with European females exhibiting the same ovulation rate. The preponderance of evidence suggests that there are no differences between Meishan and European breeds in either morphological embryo diversity within a litter or embryo mortality before day 12 after mating. Recent studies from our laboratory suggest that preimplantation embryos from Meishan females exhibit markedly reduced growth rates and @entity2931 secretory activities through day 12 when compared with embryos from Yorkshire females. The significantly reduced conceptus sizes of Meishan versus European breeds on day 30 of gestation provide additional evidence of the reduced growth rate of Meishan embryos. Furthermore, because embryonic @entity2931 production is known to alter uterine secretion of histotroph, the lower @entity2931 production by Meishan embryos in the Meishan uterus may result in more gradual alterations in the uterine environment that are beneficial for conceptus survival and subsequent litter size. Recent studies using cross-transfer of Meishan and Yorkshire embryos on day 2 after mating have led to the suggestion that there is a major effect of recipient genotype on embryonic growth rate and @entity2931 secretion. In these studies, both Meishan and Yorkshire embryos transferred to Meishan uteri exhibited marked decreases in morphological development and @entity2931 content on day 12 when compared with embryos transferred to Yorkshire recipients. These data suggest the presence of factor(s) in endometrial secretions from Meishan females that reduce the growth rate and @entity2931 secretory potential of preimplantation conceptuses.

title: Early embryonic development in prolific Meishan XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of clinical failure after @entity2909 and identify possible risk factors. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity2909 were followed prospectively for a median of 48 months (range 12-84 months) to estimate the occurrence of clinical failure, defined as persistence or recurrence of @entity2909 symptoms, and any subsequent invasive treatment. Cumulative failure and reintervention rates were estimated by survival analysis and log-rank tests according to baseline @entity1 characteristics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Overall, there were 18 failures at a median of 36 months (range 3-84 months). The cumulative failure rate increased steadily over time, 3% at 1 year, 7% at 3 years, 14% at 5 years, and 18% at 7 years. Of the 18 failures, 11 had reintervention, including six hysterectomies, four myomectomies, and one repeat @entity2909 , at a median of 56 months (range 15-84 months). The cumulative reintervention rate was 0 at 1 year, 3% at 3 years, 7% at 5 years, and 15% at 7 years. @entity1 aged 40 years or younger had a higher failure risk (hazard ratio [HR] 5.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.50-20.02, P=.023) compared with older @entity1 . A history of previous myomectomy was also associated with an increased failure risk (HR 3.79, 95% CI 2.07-13.23, P=.037). CONCLUSION: The 7-year cumulative rates of clinical failure and reintervention after @entity2909 were 18% (95% CI 8.2-27.8) and 15% (95% CI 5.2-24.8), respectively. The failure risk was higher for younger @entity1 and for those with a prior myomectomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Incidence and risk factors for clinical failure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyoma embolization', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyoma embolization']


abstract: Serum antibodies (Abs) specific for the capsular polysaccharides of @entity328 provide protection against invasive @entity66 . Previous studies indicate that Abs to pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) serotypes 1 and 6B have limited clonal diversity. To determine if restricted diversity was a feature common to other PPS specificities, we examined the light (L)-chain expression and isoelectric heterogeneity of type 6B, 14, and 23F Abs elicited in 15 adults following PPS vaccination. At the population level, both PPS-6B and PPS-14 Abs expressed kappa and lambda chains, although 6B Abs more frequently expressed lambda chains lambda and 14 Abs more frequently expressed kappa chains. In individual sera, Abs were generally skewed towards either kappa or lambda expression. 23F-specific Abs had predominantly kappa chains. Isoelectric focusing analyses showed that sera contained one or at most a few immunoglobulin G Ab spectrotypes to all three respective capsular serotypes, a result indicative of oligoclonality. A sequence analysis of a purified PPS-14-specific Ab having a single spectrotype gave uniform @entity1472 -terminal sequences for both the heavy chain (V(H)III subgroup) and the L chain (kappaIII- @entity55434 region). From these results we conclude that within individual adults, serum Ab responses to PPS serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F derive from a small number of dominant B-cell clones, and consequently variable-region expression is probably individually limited as well. Oligoclonality appears to be a general characteristic of @entity1 PPS-specific Ab repertoires, and we suggest that this property could lead to individual differences in Ab fine specificity and/or functional activity against encapsulated pneumococci.

title: Oligoclonality of serum immunoglobulin G antibody responses to XXXX capsular polysaccharide serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55434 :: ('p|SUB|A|27|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A27 V']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the frequency and risk factors for @entity1344 ( @entity551 and/or @entity1168 ) in response to elective carotid stenting and their association with @entity16 . Carotid artery stenting implies instrumentation of the carotid bulb where the baroreceptors are placed and therefore baroceptor's dysfunction may provoke @entity1344 . The study started in the Neurology Clinic of the Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest as a retrospective analysis of the charts of 130 @entity1 (110 @entity1 with mean age of 55 years) who underwent elective carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection for high-grade (>70%) symptomatic @entity543 . By @entity1344 one can understand the drop in systolic blood pressure of more than 30mmHG and @entity1168 . 20% of @entity1 had a drop in systolic blood pressure beyond 30 mmHg and/or @entity1168 despite an adequate fluid balance. We did't use @entity3897 as premedication before carotid stenting. There was no need for aggressive resuscitation ( @entity935 ) and none of the @entity1 with @entity1168 needed pacemaker support. @entity16 (transient @entity63 attack, @entity64 , major @entity64 ) occurred in 9% of @entity1 and were not significantly associated with @entity1344 . Extensive carotid artery manipulation, a long stenosis situated at the bifurcation and the prior use of beta-blockers were associated with an increased adjusted risk for @entity551 or @entity1168 . @entity1344 due to @entity551 and @entity1168 in response to carotid artery stenting occurs in a relatively low proportion of @entity1 . @entity1 who had a long (over 6 mm) stenosis situated near the common carotid artery's bifurcation and therefore underwent extensive carotid manipulation or those who were on beta-blockers were at high risk for @entity551 or @entity1168 . The preadministrations of intravenous fluids didn't prevent the periprocedural @entity551 response.

title: XXXX after elective carotid stenting: frequency and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability', 'hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['Hemodynamic instability']


abstract: The histogenesis of histiocytoma ( @entity3074 ) was investigated using new antibodies that demonstrate @entity21939 ( @entity21939 ) positive cells and the monocyte macrophage cell series ( @entity7966 ), in formalin fixed tissue. The distribution of @entity4483 protein, @entity2277 and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) were also studied. The antibody against @entity21939 labelled the normal dermal population of fixed connective tissue cells (dermal dendrocytes) emphasizing their dendritic processes; cells that are widely distributed, but are most numerous in the papillary dermis. In contrast, the antibody, @entity7966 against monocyte derived macrophages, did not label this cell population. In 30 @entity8532 , intense labelling for @entity21939 was found peripherally, but labelling was rather weaker in cells situated centrally. Only a few cells labelled for @entity4483 protein and with the monoclonal antibody @entity7966 , but @entity2277 positivity was universal. UEA-I labelled only vessels in @entity8532 . However, @entity21939 labelling was negative in 16 @entity241 , three keloids and several other fibroproliferative lesions. These contrasting results with @entity21939 labelling have practical implications for diagnosis of benign and malignant spindle cell @entity5 of the skin. We conclude that @entity8532 ( @entity7674 ) take their origin from dermal fixed connective tissue cells, (dermal dendrocytes), but other spindle cell @entity5 may differ in histogenesis.

title: @entity8532 cutis: a XXXX of dermal dendrocytes ( @entity7674 ).

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal dendrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity8532 :: ('MESH:D051642', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3074 :: ('MESH:D018219', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibroma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Multiparous Holstein @entity291 were fed diets consisting of alfalfa silage, @entity4336 silage, and a concentrate mixture containing primarily ground shelled @entity4336 or @entity4336 gluten feed; the diets were supplemented with 0 or 20 g/d of rumen-protected Met. The 183-d experimental period followed a 21-d covariate period beginning at calving. Data from early lactation (d 22 to 105) and the entire experiment were analyzed. Yields of milk and milk crude protein were not affected by treatment. @entity4336 gluten feed increased the percentages of milk fat and total solids. The rumen-protected Met tended to increase both the crude protein and casein N content of milk. Body weight, milk fat percentage, and yields of milk fat, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and total solids were greater when ground shelled @entity4336 and 20 g/d of rumen-protected Met or @entity4336 gluten feed and 0 g/d of rumen-protected Met were fed than when ground shelled @entity4336 and 0 g/d of rumen-protected Met or @entity4336 gluten feed and 20 g/d of rumen-protected Met were fed. A similar interaction for dry matter intake was significant only during d 22 to 204. @entity4336 gluten feed increased plasma concentrations of His, Ile, Leu, and @entity2596 . Rumen-protected Met increased plasma concentrations of Met, decreased His, and tended to decrease @entity534 , Lys, and Orn. These data suggest that the dietary source of @entity1735 and protein can modulate the response of @entity291 to rumen-protected Met.

title: Effects of source of XXXX and protein and rumen-protected methionine on performance of @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of aerobic walking training as compared to active training, which includes muscle strengthening, on functional abilities among @entity1 with @entity1643 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial with blind assessors. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: Fifty-two sedentary @entity1 , aged 18-65 years with @entity1643 . @entity1 who were post surgery, post @entity130 , with @entity65 , and with oncological disease were excluded. INTERVENTION: Experimental 'walking' group: moderate intense treadmill walking; control 'exercise' group: specific low back exercise; both, twice a week for six weeks. MAIN MEASURES: Six-minute walking test, Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, back and abdomen muscle endurance tests, @entity717 Questionnaire, Low Back Pain Functional Scale (LBPFS). RESULTS: Significant improvements were noted in all outcome measures in both groups with non-significant difference between groups. The mean distance in metres covered during 6 minutes increased by 70.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3-127.7) in the 'walking' group and by 43.8 (95% CI 19.6-68.0) in the 'exercise' group. The trunk flexor endurance test showed significant improvement in both groups, increasing by 0.6 (95% CI 0.0-1.1) in the 'walking' group and by 1.1 (95% CI 0.3-1.8) in the 'exercise' group. CONCLUSIONS: A six-week walk training programme was as effective as six weeks of specific strengthening exercises programme for the low back.

title: An aerobic walking programme versus muscle strengthening programme for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular problems']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: We studied 10 @entity2 @entity1 with @entity55 insusceptible of conservative treatment. All @entity1 underwent urgent pulmonary resection to control their @entity55 induced by the @entity5 and to cure the @entity5 . The causes of @entity55 were @entity5 itself or aspiration of the @entity5 necrosis. The @entity1 comprised 9 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 . The age range was 37 to 72 years with a median age of 57 years. There @entity55 in 3 @entity1 and @entity1174 in 7 cases. The average size of @entity5 was about 4.7 and 7.5 cm, respectively. The histological type of @entity2 was @entity957 in 6 and @entity420 in 4. There were 1 stage 1,1 stage IIIA and 3 stage IIIB @entity5 . Lobectomy was performed in 8 @entity1 and pneumonectomy in 2 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 underwent the operation under one-lung ventilation. A median period of preoperative administration of antibiotics was 6.2 days. The curative operation for @entity2 was performed in 3 @entity1 and non-curative operation in 7 @entity1 . @entity260 were @entity55 in 2, @entity733 in 2 and @entity943 in a case of pneumonectomy. All non-curative @entity1 died in 5 years, but two curative @entity1 survived long time for 31 and 75 months, respectively. We performed urgent pulmonary resection for @entity2 @entity1 to cure fatal @entity55 and @entity5 . There were no hospital death. Urgent pulmonary resection could prevent @entity204 caused by fatal @entity55 by @entity5 itself.

title: [The study of urgent pulmonary resections for XXXX accompany with @entity55 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'were obstructive pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'bronchial obstruction by the tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous abscess']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: (1) Age-related @entity1020 with vascular proliferation can markedly hamper vision. In @entity1 with subfoveolar involvement, @entity4936 photodynamic therapy slows the loss of visual acuity on the EDTRS scale in about 15% of @entity1 after 2 years of follow-up. (2) @entity15127 , a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of the neovascular form of age-related @entity1020 . (3) Two double-blind placebo-controlled trials involved a total of 1208 @entity1 . When @entity15127 was injected into the eye every 6 weeks, at a dose of 0.3 mg, @entity227 measured one year after beginning treatment was slowed in about 15% more @entity1 on @entity15127 than on placebo. Efficacy during the second year is uncertain. @entity15127 has not been compared with other treatments, nor has it been assessed in combination with @entity4936 . (4) A variety of ocular adverse events were reported during clinical trials, three of which were serious and each affected about 1% of @entity1 : endophthalmia, @entity1713 , and @entity231 . Transient @entity2790 occurred in about 15% of @entity1 . A few cases of retinal arterial and @entity49 have been described. No long-term adverse effects were reported after clinical trials, but @entity56 reactions were reported post-approval. (5) Treatment with @entity15127 involves an intraocular injection every 6 weeks under local anaesthesia and under conditions of surgical asepsis. (6) In practice, an indirect comparison suggests that intraocular @entity15127 is no more effective than @entity4936 photodynamic therapy. In contrast, adverse events are more numerous and treatment is less convenient.

title: @entity15127 : new drug. In XXXX : too many risks for too little benefit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity15127 :: ('MESH:C495058', 'Chemical') :: ['Pegaptanib', 'pegaptanib']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 5-HT3 antagonists are effective in reducing the @entity1209 caused by @entity5 chemotherapy. However, it is not clear whether continuing these agents beyond twenty four hours is useful in controlling emesis on days two to seven after chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred seven @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy who had been given @entity619 8 mg i.v. and either @entity3974 32 mg i.v. or dolasetron 2.4 mg/kg i.v. were randomized to continue either an oral form of their 5-HT3 antagonist ( @entity3974 8 mg b.i.d. or dolasetron 200 mg daily) plus @entity619 8 mg p.o. daily or @entity619 alone for days two to seven. Endpoints assessed by self-report were: 1) complete control (no @entity391 , no rescue medications, no missing data) of emesis; 2) @entity390 severity; and 3) quality-of-life as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30. RESULTS: Continuation of 5-HT3 antagonists improved slightly, but not significantly, the complete control rate (47% vs. 41%: P = 0.24 one-sided) after chemotherapy. However, mean @entity390 severity was significantly (P = 0.015 one sided) reduced (by 3 mm on a 10 cm scale) on the combined arm. Minimal differences in quality of life were observed. CONCLUSION: The benefit of continuing 5-HT3 antagonists beyond 24 hours is modest and the merits of routine use in these circumstances debatable.

title: The role of the 5-HT3 antagonists @entity3974 and dolasetron in the control of delayed onset @entity390 and XXXX in @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['acute nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transpupillary thermotherapy in treating @entity320 . METHODS AND @entity1 : To perform transpupillary thermotherapy, infrared diode laser energy at 810 nm was used with a beam diameter of about 3 mm and 1-minute exposure time. All 50 @entity1 had @entity320 . We performed transpupillary thermotherapy in 21 @entity5 that had responded insufficiently to 800 Gy @entity3739 106 brachytherapy; it was combined with 800 Gy106Ru brachytherapy for 10 @entity5 greater than 5 mm in height and with 600 Gy for 19 @entity5 5 mm or less in height. RESULTS: All but 1 @entity5 exhibited @entity5 height within a mean follow-up of 20.5 months (range, 6-49 months). In 41 eyes (82%), the @entity5 flattened completely. Visual acuity was 20/60 or better in 43 eyes (86%) before treatment and in 14 eyes (28%) at the last examination because of radiation @entity455 . @entity2297 developed in 1 eye, and @entity1713 developed in 2 eyes. @entity5 recurrence was observed in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term results are necessary to properly appraise this new therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy may be useful as a complementary modality to brachytherapy.

title: Transpupillary thermotherapy: results in 50 XXXX with @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction in tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['total retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['Neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of @entity9454 ( @entity9454 , @entity9455 ) and @entity18884 ( @entity18885 ) in water and soil samples was developed by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The water samples were directly used for the DLLME extraction. For soil samples, the target analytes were first extracted by 0.1 mol L(-1) @entity5828 . Then, the pH of the extract was adjusted to 7.0 with 2 mol L(-1) @entity6674 before the DLLME extraction. In the DLLME extraction method, @entity3636 ( @entity39320 ) was used as extraction solvent and @entity6188 ( @entity8694 ) as dispersive solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors for MBC and @entity18885 were ranged between 149 and 210, and the extraction recoveries were between 50.8 and 70.9%, respectively. The linearity of the method was obtained in the range of 5-800 ng mL(-1) for water sample analysis, and 10-1000 ng g(-1) for soil samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9987 to 0.9997. The limits of detection were 0.5-1.0 ng mL(-1) for water samples, and 1.0-1.6 ng g(-1) for soil samples. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) varied from 3.5 to 6.8% (n=5). The recoveries of the method for MBC and @entity18885 from water samples at spiking levels of 5 and 20 ng mL(-1) were 84.0-94.0% and 86.0-92.5%, respectively. The recoveries for soil samples at spiking levels of 10 and 100 ng g(-1) varied between 82.0 and 93.4%.

title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the determination of XXXX and @entity18884 in environmental samples.

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['RSDs', 'relative standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim', 'methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity9454 :: (MESH:C006698,Chemical) :: ['carbendazim']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity2466 is surrounded with controversy. Traditional management has been conservative, with @entity13198 performed weeks after the mass had resolved. This remains the most common approach at many centers in the world. Recently, an increasing number of studies have challenged this approach. This article reviews some of the controversial issues in the management of appendix mass, assesses current practice and suggests an appropriate approach for the management of appendix mass. METHODS: A Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane database search were used to find such key words and combinations of: appendix, appendiceal, appendicular, interval, appendectomy, appendicectomy, mass, abscess, phlegmon, and @entity698 . Results were saved and managed by Reference manager 11. All articles were cross-referenced by the authors. RESULTS: A conservative management is still a highly acceptable approach for appendix mass. This should be followed with @entity13198 especially in @entity1 with persistent right iliac fossa @entity158 . CONCLUSION: We recommend initially conservative approach to the management of @entity2466 especially in our environment.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mass']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['interval appendicectomy']

answer: @entity2466 :: (MESH:D001063,Disease) :: ['appendiceal mass']


abstract: Scleroderma typically manifests as @entity82 of the skin, but may also involve other organs, particularly the lungs. @entity401 and functional abnormalities are observed in the majority of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate radiological changes in the lungs and their correlation with functional disorders in @entity2631 @entity1 . The study was conducted in 37 @entity2631 @entity1 (F/M-31/6). High resolution computed tomography (HRCT), Warrick score system and spirometry, body plethysmography, and lung diffusion examinations (DLco) were performed. The HRCT showed septal and subpleural lines in 70%, ground-glass opacities in 51%, and honeycomb lungs in 30% of the cases. The DLco values were decreased in 92% of the @entity1 . Total lung capacity (TLC) showed a restrictive pattern in 24% of the @entity1 , and only in 11% of them obstruction predominated. The Warrick score correlated inversely with both DLco (r=0.36; p>0.05). @entity401 often coexists with @entity2631 and is accompanied by @entity358 .

title: Lung impairment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['functional lung abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of smokeless @entity286 (ST) on the development of the CD-1 @entity19 fetus. ST was administered continuously via Alzet osmotic minipumps during the critical gestational days 7-14 and 6-13. Two ST dosages were administered, 3.2 mg/ml (Dosage I) and 6.4 mg/ml (Dosage II), which yielded plasma @entity1239 levels within the range comparable to those of an average ST user or smoker (36.0 ng/ml). Plasma @entity1239 levels were maintained in the range of 29.4 +/- 4.8 ng/ml to 44.3 +/- 16.0 ng/ml for the Dosage I group of dams, and in the range of 34.6 +/- 10.9 ng/ml of 75.5 +/- 19.9 ng/ml for the Dosage II group of dams. The main effect on the fetus was @entity353 , with Dosage I producing a tendency toward @entity353 (p = .08). Dosage II produced a significant 8.6% @entity353 from normal (p less than .0001) and an increase in @entity5617 (p less than .03). Dosage I produced an increase in the incidence of @entity548 and supernumerary ribs, and a significant delay (p less than .05) in ossification of the supraoccipital bone, the sacrococcygeal vertebrae, and the bones of the forefoot and hindfoot. There were no significant differences between placental weights. Weights of dams were significantly reduced only at the higher ST exposure levels. We conclude that at plasma @entity1239 levels comparable to those of an average ST user, ST produces @entity353 , delayed ossification, and increase in @entity548 and fetolethality in the CD-1 @entity19 fetus.

title: Effect of smokeless @entity286 on the development of the CD-1 XXXX fetus.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal deaths']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The invasiveness of @entity1 @entity356 cell lines (MKN45 and MKN28) in the subcutaneous tissue of @entity19 and the degrading capacities of extracellular matrix (ECM) were studied. @entity1 cells were more invasive than were the MKN28 cells. Immunostaining revealed @entity9762 of @entity11504 ( @entity11504 ) around the @entity5 . Along the front of the invasive MKN45 growth, however, the @entity11504 fibers were discontinuous and/or had completely vanished; the MKN28 @entity5 showed no @entity11504 fiber disconnection. ECM components other than @entity11504 never displayed such peritumoral massive accumulation. Cocultivation of @entity1 fibroblasts with @entity1 cells, more evidently than with MKN28 cells, revealed degradation of @entity11504 produced by fibroblasts in contact with each @entity5 . Both cell lines produced several @entity11504 -degrading enzymes in serum-free cultures. Proteases from the MKN45 medium were more active than were those of MKN28 in @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and metal-dependent @entity563 proteinase-like proteases of 75 and 68 kDa in molecular weight (MW). Type I collagen-degrading 48-kDa protease was also detected from MKN45 medium but not from the MKN28 medium. MKN28 cells secreted other kinds of @entity11504 -degrading enzymes, estimated at approximate MWs of 29 and 100-150 kDa. We found no distinct differences in capacity to produce ECM components or ability to adhere to purified ECM components between these two cell lines. From these results we conclude that the stromal invasion of these cells into the subcutaneous tissue of @entity19 is profoundly related to their @entity11504 -degrading capability. This capability may be catalyzed by @entity2290 and/or metal-dependent @entity563 proteinase-like proteases of 75 and 68 kDa.

title: Fibronectin degradation by @entity1 XXXX cell lines and its associated proteases in relation to stromal invasion in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity11504 :: ('MESH:C536826', 'Disease') :: ['fibronectin', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['dense lamellar accumulation']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2708 ( @entity2708 .) fruiting forms exhibit pronounced changes, with age, in their probability of abscission. Large floral buds rarely abscise, but after anthesis the young fruits (bolls) have a high probability of abscising. Abscission rate reaches a peak about 5 to 6 days after anthesis and then gradually decreases. An experiment was conducted to try to determine the reason for the rapid and pronounced increase in probability of abscission just after anthesis. @entity2708 was grown in the field and fruiting forms of various ages from 9 days before to 9 days after anthesis were all harvested the same day and subsequently analyzed for ABA and @entity6207 . The concentration of ABA decreased slightly at anthesis and increased gradually thereafter. In contrast, the concentration of @entity6207 was high before anthesis and then decreased at anthesis to about one-fifth the previous concentration. @entity6207 remained low for at least 4 days after anthesis and then increased rapidly between 7 and 9 days after anthesis. The high concentration of @entity6207 in floral buds before anthesis is probably a major factor in their resistance to abscission. Likewise, the low concentration of @entity6207 at anthesis and for about 4 days thereafter may promote fruit abscission during the young boll stage.

title: Changes in Abscisic Acid and Indoleacetic Acid before and after Anthesis Relative to Changes in Abscission Rates of XXXX Fruiting Forms.

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['Gossypium hirsutum L', 'Cotton']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['Cotton']


abstract: In a placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective, parallel, double-blind trial the corneal sensitivity of normal eyes was measured before and 1, 3, 6, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after application of @entity18634 0.5% (20 eyes) and @entity7690 1% (20 eyes). @entity1219 0.9% (20 eyes) was used as a placebo. The @entity1 in the trial rated subjective tolerance of the test drugs on a four-point scale. @entity1219 0.9% eye drops did not lower corneal sensitivity; on the contrary, a gradual increase in sensitivity was found (exercise effect) which, as of the tenth minute after application of the drug, differed significantly from the initial value. @entity18634 0.5% lowered corneal sensitivity less than @entity6839 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference as compared to the initial value. The difference as compared to @entity1219 . 0.9% was statistically significant from the 3rd to the 10th minute following application. @entity7690 1% led to a lowering of corneal sensitivity of up to 14 mg (mean), lasting for up to 15 min. The lowering of sensitivity caused by @entity7690 1% was more pronounced than that caused by @entity6839 0.5% and about one-half of that caused by @entity9004 0.5%. The difference was statistically significant as compared to the initial value in the first minute, and from the first to the 10th minute as compared to the @entity1219 0.9% group. These results show that it is necessary to check corneal sensitivity during topical beta-blocker therapy. "Responders", "sensitives", contact lens wearers and @entity1 with reduced corneal sensitivity (e.g., @entity1 suffering from @entity1538 with cupping of the optic disk) need frequent supervision. In high-risk @entity1 use of an efficacious beta-blocker which reduces corneal sensitivity least is recommended. The subjective compatibility of @entity18634 0.5% is similar to that of @entity6839 0.5%. @entity7690 1% seems to be slightly better tolerated. The differences are not statistically significant.

title: [The local anesthetic effect and subjective tolerance of 0.5% XXXX and 1% @entity7690 in healthy eyes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['Pindolol', 'pindolol']

entities_list: @entity18634 :: ('MESH:C006034', 'Chemical') :: ['befunolol', 'Befunolol']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['Betaxolol']

answer: @entity18634 :: (MESH:C006034,Chemical) :: ['befunolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Through this study, we intend to review the main aspects regarding the contrast enhanced ultrasound evaluation of @entity5572 , pursuing a comparative analysis between the medical literature and our own experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2008 until December 2010 we have evaluated in our department a consecutive series of 11 @entity1 with @entity5572 (7 males, 63.63%) all between the ages of 45 and 74. All the @entity1 displayed a clinical and biological picture leading to an inflammatory process. The imaging diagnosis was made after confronting the results of the contrast enhanced ultrasound with those of the computed tomography. RESULTS: In 10 out of 11 @entity1 that were part of the study, we have assessed 14 @entity5572 . A single @entity1 showed @entity409 , and they were assessed as hepatic micro abscesses. Three of the @entity1 showed @entity75 , 7 @entity1 showed single lesions and one @entity1 showed disseminated lesions within both lobes. We examined six mature lesions, 4 lesions with incomplete @entity39 and 4 immature lesions, with no @entity39 . The particular aspect of mycotic microabscesses is mentioned at the conventional ultrasound and at the CEUS as well. CONCLUSION: Various types of @entity99 have different imaging findings, and typical CT and CEUS findings can suggest the diagnosis.

title: The combined role of intravenous contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple right lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['spread lesions inside both liver lobes']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscesses']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['liver abscess']