abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and the circumstances of a moderate increase in serum @entity1011 early after elective abdominal aortic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective clinical observational study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : Two hundred and fifteen consecutive adult @entity1 operated on for infra-renal abdominal aortic surgery during 1 year. INTERVENTIONS: A moderate increase in plasma @entity1011 of 20% from preoperative value ( @entity8 , RD) was systematically recorded during the first 3 days following surgery. @entity881 (cardiac, pulmonary, haematological, and neurological) were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (20%) experienced a postoperative RD; six of these required dialysis. RD was associated with other @entity881 in 60.5% @entity1 . Mortality rate was significantly higher for @entity1 who had a RD, than @entity1 without RD (9.3% vs 1.2%, P<0.02). Mean ICU stay of @entity1 with RD was significantly longer (7.9+/-5.6 days vs 5.0+/-1.8 days, P<0.01). However, @entity1 with RD but without other @entity881 had a mortality rate of 0% and did not have a significantly longer stay in ICU than @entity1 without any @entity881 (5.2+/-2.1 days vs 4.6+/-1.2 days, P=0.09). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a postoperative 20%-increase in plasma @entity1011 after abdominal aortic surgery is not rare and occurs frequently with other organ dysfunction.

title: Incidence and circumstances of serum XXXX increase after abdominal aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunctions', 'Organ dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The associations of levels of @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) and @entity755 and @entity755 /A1 ratio and risk of a first @entity64 have not been reliably documented. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the relationships and confirmed them in a case-control study. We identified relevant publications in PubMed and Embase databases up to June 1, 2015. A Dersimonian-Laird random effects model was used to compute summary relative risks (RRs) and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs). A case-control study was conducted in a southern Chinese population. We included 8 cohort and 4 case-control studies (222,774 subjects; 10,032 first @entity64 events) in the meta-analysis. Reduced @entity1675 level and increased @entity755 level and @entity755 /A1 ratio was associated with a first @entity64 in cohort studies (RR 0.86 [95  % CI 0.79-0.94], 1.66 [1.62-1.69], and 1.66 [1.63-1.70], respectively) and reduced @entity1675 level and increased @entity755 /A1 ratio in case-control studies (0.68 [0.47-0.99] and 1.76 [1.50-2.06], respectively). When stratified by @entity64 type in cohort studies, the RR for @entity385 was 0.83 (0.76-0.90), 1.36 (1.32-1.40), and 1.38 (1.35-1.42) for the 3 factors, respectively. In our case-control study (1013 cases; 1029 controls), the OR for a first @entity385 was 0.83 (0.74-0.92), 1.33 (1.18-1.48) and 2.10 (1.76-2.51), respectively, with increased @entity1675 level associated with @entity64 (1.37 [1.06-1.78]). Meta-analysis suggests that reduced @entity1675 level and increased @entity755 level and @entity755 /A1 ratio are risk factors for a first ischemic but not @entity64 . Elevated @entity1675 level may be a risk factor for a first @entity64 .

title: @entity1675 , B levels, and their ratio and the risk of a first XXXX : a meta-analysis and case-control study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['ApoA1', 'apolipoprotein A1']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B', 'ApoB']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study observed the expression levels of @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), @entity4910 , @entity1 epidermal receptor-2 ( @entity1722 ) and Ki-67 in @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) and their association with clinicopathological profiles and disease outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive samples of cholecystectomy/biopsies from GB bed (archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of different stages of @entity1086 ) were included, and @entity1 details related to their demographic profile, investigations, @entity5 profile, treatment, and follow-up were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression levels. RESULTS: Overexpression of @entity470 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity7 , @entity3840 , @entity4910 and @entity1722 was observed as 74%, 44%, 8%, 34%, 66%, 64%, and 4%, respectively. Association of @entity588 overexpression in mucinous morphology (40%, P = 0.045), @entity3840 overexpression in early stage (I/II) @entity5 (87.5%, P = 0.028) and @entity7 overexpression in alive @entity1 (47.1%, P = 0.044) was observed. Co-expression of @entity470 and @entity876 were statistically significant (P = 0.033). Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in @entity1 in age group <40 years (P = 0.027), and poorly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.023). @entity1442 and poorly differentiated @entity5 showed a significantly poor median survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity470 , @entity3840 and @entity4910 were largely overexpressed. @entity5 stages and poorly differentiated @entity5 are predictors of poor survival.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity7 , @entity3840 , @entity4910 , @entity1 epidermal receptor-2 and Ki-67: Association with clinicopathological profiles and outcomes in @entity1086 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Advanced tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity99 (EHE) is a rare @entity5 with low- to intermediate-grade malignant potential. We describe cross-sectional imaging findings of pathologically confirmed EHE including preliminary observations on lesion characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) at diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI). METHODS: CT and MRI examinations in five @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists evaluated lesion growth patterns, attenuation, signal intensity characteristics, and contrast enhancement patterns. Additionally, DWI features on low and high b-value images as well as ADCs were assessed in three @entity1 . RESULTS: Imaging features of EHE included multifocal @entity99 (n = 5), predominantly subcapsular location (n = 5), coalescence of nodules (n = 5), capsular retraction (n = 3), and intralesional calcifications (n = 3). Contrast-enhanced CT and MR images showed variable degrees of peripheral rim enhancement. T2-weighted MR images, low b-value DWI and ADC maps frequently depicted a "target-sign" appearance of @entity5 nodules. A markedly hyperintense central area corresponding to hypocellular stroma was surrounded by a moderately hyperintense outer rim reflecting hypercellular @entity5 regions. The mean ADC of lesions was 1.86   10(-3) mm(2)/s. CONCLUSION: Cross-sectional imaging displayed typical features of EHE. The mean ADC value of lesions was found to be relatively high in comparison with other @entity99 , which may be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis.

title: XXXX : findings at CT and MRI including preliminary observations at diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease', 'Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma', 'hepatic malignancies']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the radiographic, computed tomography (CT), and arthroscopic findings in the elbow of @entity235 admitted for @entity1273 after previous arthroscopic treatment of @entity66 ( @entity66 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Client-owned @entity235 (n   =   25) admitted for @entity1273 after arthroscopic treatment. METHODS: Clinical records (2005-2009), including radiographs, CT images, and arthroscopic findings, from the first and second presentation of @entity235 diagnosed with @entity66 were searched and reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine joints were included in this study. The mean age at first treatment was 2.2 years. Second presentation was at a mean of 2.7 years later and progressive @entity571 and @entity16 was noticed in all joints. Arthroscopic findings included a calcified body in 11/29 joints (38%), multiple small calcified bodies in 1/29 joint (3%), loose scar tissue in 12/29 joints (42%), and immobile scar tissue in 2/29 joints (7%). Three of 29 joints (10%) did not have any calcified body or loose scar tissue found but had erosion of the medial compartment as the only pathology diagnosed in the coronoid region. Characteristics of @entity627 were identified in 9/29 joints (31%). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment of @entity66 , even with limited cartilage lesions, may not resolve lameness in some @entity235 . Calcified bodies or loose scar tissue near the medial coronoid process are a frequent followup finding in these joints.

title: Arthroscopic, Computed Tomography, and Radiographic Findings in 25 XXXX With Lameness After Arthroscopic Treatment of Medial Coronoid Disease.

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['elbow lameness']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['flexor enthesopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['medial coronoid disease', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: Pulmonary artery catheterization is usually not available to critically injured @entity1 before admission to the intensive care unit, where action to correct values derived from such monitoring may be too late. Methods allowing hemodynamic monitoring during the early stages after @entity130 need to be explored. We used non-invasive monitoring systems (bioimpedance cardiac output monitoring, pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oximetry) to evaluate early temporal hemodynamic patterns after blunt @entity130 , and compared these to invasive PA monitoring. We included prospectively 134 @entity1 monitored shortly after admission to the emergency department. The non-invasive impedance cardiac output estimations under extenuating emergency conditions approximated those of the thermodilution method: r = 0.83, r2 = 0.69, P<0.001; bias and precision were -0.02+/-0.78 l/min/m2. In the intensive care unit, these values improved further to: r = 0.91, r2 = 0.83, P<0.001; bias and precision = 0.36+/-0.59 l/min/m2. Monitoring revealed episodes of @entity551 , low cardiac index, arterial hemoglobin desaturation, low transcutaneous @entity26 and high transcutaneous @entity544 tensions, and low @entity26 consumption during initial resuscitation. Low flow and poor tissue perfusion were more pronounced in non-survivors by both methods. Multicomponent non-invasive monitoring systems give continuous on-line, real-time displays of physiological data that allow early recognition of circulatory dysfunction. Such systems provide information similar to that provided by the invasive thermodilution method, and are easier and safer to use.

title: Invasive and non-invasive physiological monitoring of blunt @entity130 XXXX in the early period after emergency admission.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with lesions to the orbital/medial prefrontal cortex and interconnected areas display @entity146 . To examine further the relationship between @entity146 and orbital/medial prefrontal dysfunction, we measured the behavioral performance of @entity146 @entity1 with a disorder characterized by @entity146 , @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Presently, no evidence exists for a localized @entity75 in @entity23 subjects. However, on the basis of the location of @entity75 that produce acquired @entity146 , we hypothesized that @entity23 subjects would exhibit test performance similar to @entity1 with lesions to the orbital/medial prefrontal cortex. Subjects with @entity23 and controls were administered three tests sensitive to lesions of the orbital/medial prefrontal circuit: the Iowa Gambling Task, facial emotion recognition, and odor identification, and two control tests of working memory. On the gambling task, @entity23 subjects continued to make disadvantageous decisions throughout the 100 trials, whereas controls learned to avoid disadvantageous decisions. On the facial recognition test, @entity23 subjects were impaired at recognizing "anger," "disgust," and "surprise," and they were biased to label neutral faces with "disgust" and "fear." On odor identification, @entity23 subjects were mildly anosmic and were impaired relative to controls. However, on the working memory control tests, both groups performed similarly. Across tests, the performance of @entity23 subjects resembles the performance of @entity1 with orbital/medial prefrontal lesions in previous studies. These results extend the link between dysfunction of the orbital/medial prefrontal circuit and @entity146 .

title: Evidence for a dysfunctional prefrontal circuit in @entity1 with an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Intermittent Explosive Disorder', 'IED']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'impulsive aggression', 'impulsive aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['impulsive aggressive disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the association between risk of @entity3147 and 7-year mortality, controlling for functional ability, socio-demographics, lifestyle behavior and diseases, and investigate the interaction between risk of @entity3147 and functional ability on the risk of mortality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A longitudinal study on home-living and special-housing residents aged    60 years was conducted. Of 2312 randomly invited @entity1 , 1402 responded and 1203 provided information on both nutritional status and functional ability. The risk of @entity3147 was estimated by the occurrence of at least one anthropometric measure (BMI, MAC and CC) below cut-off in addition to the presence of at least one subjective measure (decreased food intake, weight loss and eating difficulty). RESULTS: At baseline, 8.6% of subjects were at risk of @entity3147 and during the 7-year follow-up 34.6% subjects died. The risk of @entity3147 was independently associated with 7-year mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.65). Additional independent predictors were @entity303 (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.85-4.10), activity of daily living (ADL) @entity734 (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.62-2.67), @entity299 (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.78), @entity6 (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.93) and older age (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.10). Moreover, the risk of @entity3147 and @entity734 in combination predicted the poorest survival rate (18.7%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity3147 significantly increases the risk of mortality in older @entity1 . Moreover, risk of @entity3147 and @entity734 together explain a significantly poorer survival rate; however, the importance of this interaction decreased in the multivariable model and risk of @entity3147 and @entity734 independently explained a significant risk of mortality.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 25 November 2015; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.196.

title: Malnutrition, functional ability and mortality among older XXXX aged    60 years: a 7-year longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'ADL dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Although the primary structure of @entity1 thyroid peroxidase ( @entity5787 ) has been recently deciphered, little is known about its spatial conformation. Such information is of crucial importance in any attempt to relate the structure with the function of @entity5787 . To probe the antigenic surface of @entity5787 and to correlate its immunological structure to its biochemical properties, we used 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) displaying various affinity for @entity5787 . Criss-cross experiments showed 7 clusters of reactivity which were interpreted as reflecting 7 epitopes on the surface of the @entity5787 molecule. Extending our analysis to partial and nonsymmetrical cross-reactivities, these epitopes were shown to be localized in 4 antigenic domains of the @entity5787 . We further investigated the nature of these 7 @entity5787 epitopes by testing mAb binding to peroxidases from various origins and chemically modified @entity5787 ; 3 epitopes were shown to be evolutionary conserved, and 5 resistant to reduction and denaturation. We also analyzed the role of the @entity5787 epitopes in the enzymatic activity and autoimmune targeting of the molecule. Nine epitopes were shown to be localized at the vicinity of both catalytic sites as the binding of their respective mAb modulated the enzyme activity. Autoantibodies from @entity1 presenting with @entity1669 were essentially directed to epitopes similar or adjacent to those recognized by 8 of the 13 mAb and present on only 2 antigenic domains of @entity5787 . Taken together these data allowed us to propose a tentative map of the surface of the @entity5787 molecule which associates its epitopic structure with its biochemical functions.

title: Relationship between immunological structure and biochemical properties of XXXX thyroid peroxidase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4037 repair (LVHR) is gaining popularity amongst minimally invasive surgeons, promising shorter lengths of hospital stay and decreased morbidity compared to conventional open repair. We aim to report our experience of LVHR performed at a single institution and analyse morbidity to improve outcome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis using a prospectively collected database and @entity1 re-cords was performed on all @entity1 that underwent LVHR. @entity1 demographics, morbidity and mortality were recorded. @entity1 with recurrences underwent further analysis. RESULTS: There were a total of 55 laparoscopic @entity4037 operations performed on 50 @entity1 . 24 (48%) were male, and the median BMI was 31 (range 20-41). The median operating time was 50 mins (range 30-120), the median length of stay (LOS) was one day (range 1-14) and the median follow-up period was 14 months (range 3-31). Operative complications occurred in two (3.6%) @entity1 . Minor morbidity occurred in 12 (21.8%) @entity1 . Eight (14.5%) @entity1 developed @entity2080 within the residual hernia sac post-operatively. There were six recurrences following LVHR in five @entity1 . At re-operation, all recurrences appeared to be due to mesh detachment. CONCLUSION: LVHR is safe and the results are comparable to published series. We are encouraged by a shorter LOS and operative time compared to most published data. Post-operative se-roma formation is common. If there is a suspicion of recurrence, these should all be imaged appropriately to avoid unnecessary operative intervention. A higher BMI is an independent risk factor for recurrence in LVHR. Consideration should be given to using transfascial sutures or other fixation methods to improve recurrence rates in this difficult @entity1 group.

title: @entity2080 formation and method of mesh fixation in laparoscopic XXXX repair--highlights of a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia', 'ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compares the onset time and quality of posterior approach interscalene brachial plexus block produced by 0.25% @entity1343 and 0.25% @entity1341 . METHODS: Sixty adult @entity1 undergoing open or closed shoulder surgery were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized study, and they were randomly allocated to receive 40 ml of 0.25% @entity1343 (Group L, n = 30) or 0.25% @entity1341 (Group B, n = 30). The @entity1 were assessed at 5 min intervals after local anesthetic injection in order to determine loss of shoulder abduction and @entity1109 in the C(5-6) dermatomes. The mean onset time of motor and sensory block and onset time of complete motor and sensory block were documented in both groups. RESULTS: In both groups, mean onset time of sensory block was <5 min and mean onset time of complete sensory block was <25 min. The onset times for @entity616 were not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05). In both groups, mean onset time of motor block was <10 min but the mean onset time of complete motor block was <30 min. The onset times of motor block and complete motor block were not statistically different among the groups (P > 0.05). After the injection of the local anesthetic, 27% of Group L and 87% of Group B had complete motor block. Four @entity1 in Group L had no motor block. CONCLUSION: We conclude that 0.25% @entity1343 and 0.25% @entity1341 have similar motor and sensory block onset times and qualities when used in posterior approach interscalene brachial plexus block, and provide comfortable anesthesia and @entity1337 for shoulder surgery.

title: Comparison of 0.25% @entity1343 and 0.25% XXXX for posterior approach interscalene brachial plexus block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of pinprick sensation']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block and complete sensory block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2530 has been associated with the presence of @entity62 . The objective of this study was to investigate the association between macro- and @entity455 and @entity62 . METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 with @entity2738 were assessed during a cross sectional study in our university-based hospital. A vascular 'profile' was obtained for each @entity1 and included measurement of plasma lipids, fundoscopic examination and common carotid artery triplex ultrasonography. All @entity1 had brain MRI to assess for presence of @entity62 . The two groups formed, with and without @entity62 , were compared in order to define the association between @entity62 and @entity455 . RESULTS: @entity1 without @entity62 had more frequently corticosteroid induced @entity2530 . There was no difference in the two groups with respect to intima media thickness and @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio. Only one of our @entity1 demonstrated @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of concurrent macro- and micro- vascular pathology in young @entity1 with @entity62 and @entity2738 . @entity821 appears to have a 'protective' effect against occurrence of @entity62 .

title: White Matter Lesions in @entity2738 @entity1 : Manifestation of XXXX or not?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisone']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'micro- vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: AIM: The chemokine fractalikine is expressed in vascular endothelium, exerting a pro-atherogenic effect. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the @entity9173 gene ( @entity22810 and @entity22811 ) affect frac-talkine receptor expression and function. We aimed to assess the prevalence of @entity9173 polymor-phisms and the association with @entity63 cerebrovascular attacks in a cohort of carotid @entity66 @entity1 and age-matched controls. METHODS: Using PCR-RFLP, we analyzed allelotypes for @entity22810 and @entity22811 in 150 @entity1 with and 151 controls without @entity2998 assessed using carotid duplex ultrasound; the subjects were @entity1 admitted for any reason to a tertiary hospital. Genotype data were compared with modifiable risk factors for @entity66 and the reason for admission, using @entity385 as an endpoint. @entity64 types associated with @entity2998 were analysed separately. RESULTS: The M280 allelic frequency was lower among @entity2998 @entity1 than controls (0.15 versus 0.23, adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.74). Absence of M280 allele was an indepen-dent factor associated with @entity2998 (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.92-7.14), stronger than @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 and cigarette smoking. The I249 allele was also under-repre-sented in @entity2998 ; this was not statistically significant. @entity22810 and @entity22811 genotypes were not associated with admission due to @entity385 of the large vessel subtype (TOAST classi-fication, 73 episodes), whereas @entity2998 , previous @entity63 event, age, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity407 and cigarette smoking were all independently associated. CONCLUSIONS: The M280 fractalkine receptor gene allele is associated with a lower risk of carotid ath-eromatous disease, independent from the modifiable cerebrovascular risk factors.

title: Polymorphisms of fractalkine receptor XXXX gene in @entity1 with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity9173 :: (1524,Gene) :: ['CX3CR1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the interstitium and has been observed in normal heart valves. The function of HA in heart valves is unknown but contribution to biomechanical function has been proposed. The purpose of this investigation was to study the distribution of HA in relation to @entity730 in diseased @entity1 aortic valves. METHODS: @entity1 aortic valves were collected at aortic valve replacement, of whom nine @entity1 had regurgitation and 13 stenotic disease. The valves were decalcified and stained for the visualisation of HA. The specimens were macroscopically evaluated for magnitude of calcification using image analysis. The microscopic amount and distribution of HA and @entity730 were semiquantitatively evaluated using histochemistry. RESULTS: The overall HA staining showed an inverse relationship against the magnitude of observed valve @entity730 (p<0.001) and type of disease (p=0.014). Multiple-group comparison revealed regionally reduced HA staining in diffuse and heavy calcified regions inside the valve (both p<0.001) compared with normal-structured parts of the valve. HA was concentrated on the ventricular side of the valve (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The content of HA was reduced in calcified aortic valves and had a heterogeneous distribution, potentially contributing to poor valve function. HA may also be involved in the pathophysiological process in @entity472 .

title: Evaluation of hyaluronan and XXXX in stenotic and regurgitant aortic valves.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcifications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of transradial techniques for cardiac percutaneous procedures, none of the strategies commonly utilized for hemostasis has been able to reduce the occurrence of @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of 24-hour @entity432 and the rate of @entity548 of a novel hemostatic device for radial closure after percutaneous interventions, in adjunct to short-time compression. METHODS: Once the radial access was obtained, @entity1 were randomized to 3 different strategies of radial closure: a short compression with the QuikClot   Interventional    pad (Z-Medica Corporation, Wallingford, CT, USA) (15 minutes, group 1), a short compression (15 minutes, group 2), and a conventional prolonged compression (2 hours, group 3) both without QuikClot   utilization. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 in group 1, 20 in group 2, and 50 in group 3 were enrolled. The three groups were homogenous for baseline and procedural characteristics. None of @entity1 in group 1 developed @entity432 , 1 (5%) occurred in group 2, and 5 (10%) in group 3 (P = 0.05). Active @entity548 after compression removal occurred in 10 @entity1 (20%) in group 1, 18 (90%) in group 2, and 1 (2%) in group 3 (P < 0.001). Among @entity1 in group 1, at univariate analysis, the predictors of @entity548 resulted in chronic therapy with @entity1397 (Odds Ratio 28.78, 95% Confidence Intervals 4.79-172.82, P < 0.001) and high levels of activated clotting time (ACT) at the time of sheath removal (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P = 0.009). At ROC analysis, the cutoff value of ACT for the risk of @entity548 with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 75% was 287 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Early sheet removal and short-time compression with QuikClot   Interventional    can reduce the rate of @entity432 after diagnostic or interventional procedures especially in @entity1 not on double antiplatelet therapy.

title: Randomized clinical trial on short-time compression with Kaolin-filled pad: a new strategy to avoid early @entity548 and subacute XXXX after percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['radial artery occlusion', 'RAO']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['radial artery occlusion']


abstract: Surgical treatment of severe peptic esophageal strictures is a serious problem in high-risk cases. Conservative treatment has to be considered as an alternative. In a prospective study, 33 @entity1 were treated with dilatation of the stricture and a long-term medication with 4 X 400 mg @entity4444 from 1977 to 1982. 28 @entity1 were followed up for 6 months--6 years. 16 @entity1 showed a good result (clinical stages I and II). 5 @entity1 needed no further dilatation, but had significant symptoms (stage III). 4 @entity1 had to be operated on because of serious symptoms and rapid restenosis. The clinical result was significantly less favorable in @entity1 who took @entity4444 irregularly or discontinued it (p less than 0.001) than in @entity1 with good compliance. In addition, the result of endoscopy was poorer in poor compliance and the frequency of bougienage was greater than when @entity4444 was taken regularly. Age, sex or initial length and diameter of the stricture did not significantly influence the outcome. We conclude that conservative treatment of peptic esophageal strictures yields good long-term results in 85% of @entity1 , provided that a high dose of @entity4444 is taken on a life-long basis.

title: Long-term treatment of peptic esophageal stenosis with dilatation and XXXX : factors influencing clinical result.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: To determine whether corticosteroids influence @entity133 cell events after @entity647 , we administered 30 mg/kg/day of @entity1667 (MP) to @entity19 at various times after a single injection of @entity1882 ( @entity1882 ). @entity665 (3H-T) autoradiographs were used to study type 2 cell proliferation and differentiation. Type 2 cell maturation was evaluated by ultrastructural analysis of lamellar body volume density and area in cells labeled with 3H-T. The BHT damaged type 1 cells and induced proliferation of type 2 cells. Sixty per cent of type 2 cells labeled with 3H-T on Day 3 differentiated into type 1 cells over a 4-day period. Lamellar body area per cell was unchanged. Early administration of MP (Days 1 and 2) inhibited type 2 cell proliferation when @entity651 was mild; rebound proliferation occurred afer its discontinuation. The MP failed to inhibit proliferation when @entity651 was severe. Prolonged MP administration (Days 1 to 5) resulted in greater type 2 cell proliferation, @entity651 , and mortality. Late MP administration (Days 3 and 4) impaired differentiation of type 2 to type 1 cells and more than doubled lamellar body area per cell of new type 2 cells. Important interactions appear to exist between proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of @entity133 cells suggesting that agents that influence one of these processes may influence all aspects of type 2 cell function.

title: Influence of @entity1667 on @entity19 @entity133 cell response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar type 2']

entities_list: @entity1882 :: ('MESH:D002084', 'Chemical') :: ['BHT', 'butylated hydroxytoluene']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['Tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: A striking feature of the outgrowth of motor axons from the embryonic @entity1573 spinal cord is the accuracy with which they grow to correct target muscles in the limb. Studies involving the surgical manipulation of the early neural tube or limb bud have led to the conclusion that motoneurons are specified or acquire distinctive properties early in development that enable them to detect and respond to specific cues in the periphery. We have recently carried out studies to identify the cells or tissues responsible for producing these cues. Major contributors to the outgrowing axon's environment are the @entity10145 ( @entity10145 ) somites which give rise to limb muscle cells and the @entity10145 somatopleural mesoderm which gives rise to limb connective tissues. To determine whether the @entity10145 somites contain specific guidance information at stages when motoneurons are known to be specified, motor projections were assessed in @entity1573 embryos after early somitic tissue reversals. The finding of normal projection patterns suggests that the @entity10145 somites do not contain such information at early stages. To assess the role of the @entity10145 somatopleural mesoderm in specific axon guidance, we examined motor projections in embryos where the @entity10145 somatopleural mesoderm had been shifted anteriorly before limb bud formation. In these embryos the limb developed in an anteriorly shifted position. @entity10145 motoneuron axons entered the posterior part of the limb but then extended anteriorly along aberrant paths to innervate appropriate muscles. These observations suggest that it is the precursor of limb connective tissues that is the source of specific axon guidance cues.

title: Development of neuromuscular connections: guidance of motoneuron axons to muscles in the embryonic XXXX hindlimb.

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral', 'LS']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Two modes of killing of @entity526 by @entity273 can be distinguished. Mode-one killing is maximal at 1-2 mM; at higher concentrations the killing rate is approximately half-maximal and is independent of @entity274 concentration but first order with respect to exposure time. Mutagenesis and induction of a @entity5999 lysogen are similarly affected by @entity274 concentration, with reduced levels of response above 1-2 mM- @entity274 . Mutagenesis is not affected by inactivation of umuC. Mode-one killing requires active metabolism during the @entity274 challenge and it results in sfiA-independent filamentation of both cells that survive and those that are killed by the challenge. This mode of killing is enhanced in xth, polA, recA and recB strains; however, it is unaffected by mutations in the nth, uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, uvrD, @entity17503 , gyrA, htpR and rel loci. Mode-one killing is normal in strains totally lacking catalase activity (katE, katG), @entity2041 reductase (gor) or @entity2041 synthetase (gshB), but enhanced in a strain lacking @entity2125 dehydrogenase (ndh). Mode-one killing is accelerated by the presence of CN- or by an unidentified function that is induced by anoxic growth and is under the control of the fnr locus. A strain carrying both xth and recA mutations and certain polA mutants appear to undergo spontaneous mode-one killing only under aerobic conditions. Taken together, these observations imply that mode-one killing results from DNA damage that normally occurs at a low, non-lethal level during aerobic growth. Models for the resistance to mode-one killing at dose above 1-2 mM- @entity274 will be discussed. Mode-two killing occurs at high concentrations of @entity274 and longer times. It does not require active metabolism, and cells that are killed do not filament, although survivors demonstrate a dose-dependent growth lag followed by a period of filamentation. Mode-two killing is accompanied by enhanced mutagenesis, but strains with DNA repair defects were not observed to be especially sensitive to this mode of killing.

title: Toxicity, mutagenesis and stress responses induced in XXXX by @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional correlation study explored the relationships between craniocervical posture and @entity158 in @entity1 with chronic cervico-craniofacial @entity158 (CCFP). Moreover, we investigated the test-retest intrarater reliability of two craniocervical posture measurements: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and the @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ). METHODS: Fifty-three asymptomatic subjects and 60 CCFP @entity1 were recruited. One rater measured @entity135 and the @entity5529 using a cervical range of motion device and a digital caliper, respectively. The Spanish versions of the neck disability index and the craniofacial @entity158 and disability inventory were used to assess @entity158 (neck disability and @entity2122 , respectively). RESULTS: We found no statistically significant correlations between craniocervical posture and @entity158 variables ( @entity135 and neck disability [r=0.105; P>0.05]; @entity135 and @entity2122 [r=0.132; P>0.05]; @entity5529 and neck disability [r=0.126; P>0.05]; @entity5529 and @entity2122 [r=0.195; P>0.05]). A moderate positive correlation was observed between @entity135 and @entity5529 for both groups (asymptomatic subjects, r=0.447; CCFP @entity1 , r=0.52). Neck disability was strongly positively correlated with @entity2122 (r=0.79; P<0.001). The test-retest intrarater reliability of the @entity135 measurement was high for asymptomatic subjects and CCFP @entity1 (intraclass correlation coefficients =0.93 and 0.81, respectively) and for @entity5529 (intra-class correlation coefficient range between 0.76 and 0.99); the test-retest intrarater reliability remained high when evaluated 9 days later. The @entity135 standard error of measurement range was 0.54-0.75 cm, and the minimal detectable change was 1.27-1.74 cm. The @entity5529 standard error of measurement was 2.75-6.24 mm, and the minimal detectable change was 6.42-14.55 mm. Independent t-tests showed statistically significant differences between the asymptomatic individuals and CCFP @entity1 for measures of craniocervical posture, but these differences were very small (mean difference =1.44 cm for @entity135 ; 6.24 mm for @entity5529 ). The effect sizes reached by these values were estimated to be small for @entity5529 (d=0.38) and medium for @entity135 (d=0.76). CONCLUSION: The results showed no statistically significant correlations between craniocervical posture and variables of @entity158 , but a strong correlation between the two variables of disability was found. Our findings suggest that small differences between CCFP @entity1 and asymptomatic subjects exist with respect to the two measurements used to assess craniocervical posture ( @entity135 and @entity5529 ), and these measures demonstrated high test-retest intrarater reliability for both CCFP @entity1 and asymptomatic subjects.

title: Relationships between craniocervical posture and XXXX in @entity1 with cervico-craniofacial @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head posture', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial disability']

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['SMD', 'sternomental distance']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain-related disability']


abstract: PURPOSE: The transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB)/ @entity16181 family are involved in neuronal cell death and survival. Previously, we reported that NF-kBp50-deficient ( @entity1991 -deficient) @entity19 exhibit many features resembling @entity1 normal tension @entity726 (NTG). The developmental mechanism of @entity1 NTG is not clearly understood, and a radical curative treatment has yet to be established. Our aim is to elucidate the signal cascade which mediates the spontaneous @entity1781 in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 as a model of NTG. METHODS: To demonstrate the expression and activation of pro-apoptotic factors, which mediate the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 , western blot (WB) and luciferase reporter assays with retinas from @entity1991 -deficient and wild type @entity19 , and cultured RGC-5 cells were performed. Furthermore, we tested the neuroprotective effects of chemical reagents ( @entity3393 , @entity13623 , and @entity1140 ) against @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-susceptible RGC damage according to in vitro experiments with RGC-5 cells. To elucidate the NF-kB-mediated death signaling, the effects of chemical reagents on spontaneous @entity1781 were examined by histopathological studies. RESULTS: WB experiments and luciferase reporter assays showed that NF-kB-inducible @entity1380 ( @entity1380 ) and a pro-apoptotic factor, activated @entity185 were expressed in the retina of @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 as well as @entity143 -treated RGC-5 cells. Further, the constitutively active cleaved forms of @entity14855 (CaN), which have been reported to lead to apoptosis, were detected in the retina of @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 as well as @entity143 -treated RGC-5 cells. Pre-treatment with @entity1140 markedly protected RGC-5 cells from @entity143 -induced @entity2359 , and then both spontaneous @entity204 and degenerative changes to the optic nerve in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 were significantly reduced by the chronic administration of @entity1140 . The experiments with cultured RGC-5 cells supported the results of histological examinations with @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 , suggesting that CaN activation leads to NF-kB-induced @entity1380 activation and @entity185 activation, and mediates spontaneous @entity1781 in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Research findings show that the chronic administration of @entity1140 significantly reduces spontaneous @entity1781 in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 . We demonstrated a potential CaN signal cascade, which spontaneously induces age-dependent @entity204 and degenerative optic nerve changes in @entity1991 -deficient @entity19 .

title: Development of spontaneous neuropathy in NF-kBp50-deficient XXXX by calcineurin-signal involving impaired NF-kB activation.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity13623 :: ('MESH:C052424', 'Chemical') :: ['lomerizine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['RGC death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Two @entity1 admitted with @entity698 and obstructing @entity694 are presented. The first @entity1 , a 75-year-old @entity1 , developed a persistent fecal @entity292 following appendectomy. Barium enema demonstrated an obstructing @entity96 . The second @entity1 , a 62-year-old @entity1 , recovered uneventfully following appendectomy. Persistent occult blood was found in his stools during follow-up examinations. Three months after surgery, diagnostic colonoscopy revealed a nearly obstructing @entity189 . Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by such lesions as fecaliths, @entity5 , @entity706 , or @entity189 accounts for @entity698 in the majority of @entity1 . These two @entity1 illustrate a less common cause. As many as 3 percent of @entity1 over 40 years of age presenting with @entity698 also have obstructing @entity694 . Elderly @entity1 with @entity698 should be evaluated for @entity694 at a clinically suitable time.

title: @entity698 and obstructing XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic flexure carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cecal carcinoma', 'sigmoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinomas', 'colonic neoplasms', 'colonic cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although multimorbidity has important implications for @entity1 care in general practice, limited research has examined @entity102 and @entity283 service utilisation among problem drug users. This study aimed to determine @entity102 prevalence and @entity283 service utilisation among problem drug users attending primary care for @entity284 treatment, to compare these rates with matched 'controls' and to develop and pilot test a valid study instrument. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of @entity1 attending three large urban general practices in Dublin, Ireland for @entity284 treatment was conducted, and this sample was compared with a control group matched by practice, age, gender and General Medical Services (GMS) status. RESULTS: Data were collected on 114 @entity1 . Fifty-seven @entity1 were on @entity284 treatment, of whom 52(91%) had at least one @entity102 (other then substance use) and 39(68%) were prescribed at least one regular medication. Frequent utilisation of primary care services and secondary care services in the previous six months was observed among @entity1 on @entity284 treatment and controls, although the former had significantly higher @entity102 prevalence and primary care contact rates. The study instrument facilitated data collection that was feasible and with minimal inter-observer variation. CONCLUSION: Multimorbidity is common among problem drug users attending general practice for @entity284 treatment. Primary care may therefore have an important role in primary and secondary prevention of @entity102 among this population. This study offers a feasible study instrument for further work on this issue. (238 words).

title: XXXX and multimorbidity among problem drug users: a comparative cross sectional pilot study in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic illness']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity295 , defined as @entity281 complicated by @entity697 , occurs more frequently and leads to more @entity204 in black than in white individuals. The optimal approach to minimize these disparities is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which higher severe @entity295 rates in black than in white @entity1 are due to higher @entity281 rates or to a higher risk of @entity697 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Analysis of @entity281 -related hospitalizations from the 2005 hospital discharge data of 7 US states and @entity281 -related emergency department visits from the 2003-2007 National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Age- and sex-standardized severe @entity295 and @entity281 hospitalization rates and the risk of @entity697 . RESULTS: Of 8,661,227 non-childbirth-related discharges, 2,261,857 were associated with an @entity281 , and of these, 381,787 (16.8%) had severe @entity295 . Black @entity1 had a 67% higher age- and sex-standardized severe @entity295 rate than did white @entity1 (9.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.3-9.5 vs 5.6; 95% CI, 5.6-5.6 per 1000 population; P < .001) and 80% higher standardized mortality (1.8, 95% CI, 1.8-1.9 vs 1.0, 95% CI, 1.0-1.1 per 1000 population; P < .001). The higher severe @entity295 rate was explained by both a higher @entity281 rate in black @entity1 (47.3; 95% CI, 47.1-47.4 vs 34.0; 95% CI, 33.9-34.0 per 1000 population; incidence rate ratio, 1.39; P < .001) and a higher risk of developing @entity697 (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.27-1.30; P < .001). Differences in @entity281 presented broadly across different sites and etiology of @entity281 and for community- and hospital-acquired @entity281 and occurred despite a lower likelihood of being admitted for @entity281 from the emergency department (adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64-0.76; P < .001). The higher risk of @entity881 persisted but was attenuated after adjusting for age, sex, comorbid conditions, poverty, and hospital effect (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.13-1.16; P < .001). Racial disparities in @entity281 and severe @entity295 incidence and mortality rates were largest among younger adults (eg, the proportion of invasive @entity66 occurring in adults < 65 years was 73.9% among black @entity1 vs 44.5% among white @entity1 , P < .001). CONCLUSION: Racial differences in severe @entity295 are explained by both a higher @entity281 rate and a higher risk of @entity697 in black than in white individuals.

title: Infection rate and XXXX risk as explanations for racial differences in severe @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute organ dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electronic drug interaction databases are often utilized in clinical practice to detect for possible drug-drug interactions between drug pairs. It is uncertain, however, whether most of these detections interactions are clinically important in practice. To demonstrate these issues, this study utilized a comprehensive drug-drug interaction (DDI) electronic database to elucidate the prevalence of DDIs at a @entity5 centre between antidepressants and oral @entity734 ( @entity734 ). METHODS: Drug utilization reports were retrieved to determine the @entity1 who were prescribed with antidepressants oral @entity734 between 2006 and 2009 at a @entity5 center. Medication records of these @entity1 were retrospectively examined using OncoRx, an internet-based oncology-specific database that allows the identification of DDIs. RESULTS: Out of 910 users of antidepressants, about one-third (281 @entity1 , 30.9%) used an oral ACD and an antidepressant concomitantly. From these @entity1 , about one-fifth (21.0%) had potential DDIs. These @entity1 were users of 17 potentially interacting drug pairs. Ten out of the 17 drug pairs could potentially cause pharmacokinetic interactions, and the rest were pharmacodynamic interactions, with only three out of the 17 drug pairs were clinically documented to cause interacting events. CONCLUSION: The lack of screening conditions may have led to an over detection of DDI combinations by electronic DDI databases. Many of the detected interactions may not deem high significance in clinical practice. This study exposed a major weakness of current electronic DDI databases for detecting oral @entity734 and antidepressants DDIs.

title: Electronic database to detect drug-drug interactions between antidepressants and oral @entity734 from a XXXX center in Singapore: implications to clinicians.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ACDs', 'anticancer drugs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacillary necrosis associated with Vibrio species is the common cause of larval and spat mortality during commercial production of Australian @entity13367 @entity20984 . A total of 87 randomly selected Vibrio isolates from various stages of rearing in a commercial mussel hatchery were characterised using partial sequences of the @entity855 synthase alpha subunit gene (atpA). The sequenced isolates represented 40 unique atpA genotypes, overwhelmingly dominated (98%) by @entity20875 group genotypes, with 1 @entity11784 group genotype also detected. The @entity20875 group sequences formed 5 moderately supported clusters allied with @entity20875 /V. lentus, V. atlanticus, V. tasmaniensis, V. cyclitrophicus and V. toranzoniae. All water sources showed considerable atpA gene diversity among Vibrio isolates, with 30 to 60% of unique isolates recovered from each source. Over half (53%) of Vibrio atpA genotypes were detected only once, and only 7 genotypes were recovered from multiple sources. Comparisons of phylogenetic diversity using UniFrac analysis showed that the culturable Vibrio community from intake, header, broodstock and larval tanks were phylogenetically similar, while spat tank communities were different. Culturable Vibrio associated with spat tank seawater differed in being dominated by V. toranzoniae-affiliated genotypes. The high diversity of @entity20875 group genotypes detected in this study reinforces the dynamic nature of microbial communities associated with hatchery culture and complicates our efforts to elucidate the role of @entity20875 group bacteria in vibriosis.

title: Genetic diversity of culturable Vibrio in an Australian XXXX @entity20984 hatchery.

entities_list: @entity20984 :: ('29158', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus galloprovincialis']

answer: @entity13367 :: (6550,Species) :: ['blue mussel']


abstract: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) typically presents with persistent microscopic @entity811 , and is usually defined as a glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness < 250 nm. Previous studies showed that neither the degree of thinning nor the extent of the abnormality correlate with the @entity1 's clinical presentation or prognosis. To further define this, we enrolled a study group of 41 @entity1 with isolated microscopic @entity811 and a normal renal biopsy, except those with a GBM thickness of 250-320 nm, and compared them with 33 @entity1 with traditional @entity631 . We found no difference in baseline demographic or clinical parameter between the groups. After follow-up averaging 110 months, there was no significant difference in the risk of detectable or overt @entity644 , @entity101 , or @entity8 between the groups. By the end of the study, only five @entity1 from the study group and four from the @entity631 group had no outcome event. By Cox regression analysis, independent predictors of overt @entity644 were male gender, age at biopsy, baseline renal function, @entity644 , and @entity101 . Age at biopsy was the only independent predictor for @entity101 , and baseline @entity644 was the only independent predictor for @entity8 . GBM thickness did not predict any outcome event. Hence, lifelong follow-up is advised, as the clinical features and prognosis of these @entity1 with persistent microscopic @entity811 and marginally thin GBM are similar to traditional @entity631 .

title: The width of the basement membrane does not influence clinical presentation or outcome of @entity8 with persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['TBMD', 'Thin basement membrane disease']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: The TLRs gene encodes the principal innate immunity receptor in @entity1 . The @entity2938 @entity20233 and @entity20234 polymorphisms have been associated with a reduced response of monocytes and cell lines to challenge with mycobacteria. The @entity2939 @entity19825 and @entity20235 polymorphisms have been associated with a reduction in the inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in @entity1 . It has been suggested that @entity2938 and @entity2939 polymorphisms may be associated with @entity56 responses; thus, we hypothesized that @entity2938 and @entity2939 polymorphisms may modify the relative risk for development of @entity2023 . The Taqman assay and high-resolution melt (HRM) were used for genotyping. We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; @entity20236 and @entity20237 ) in the @entity2938 gene and 1 SNP ( @entity20238 ) in the @entity2939 gene. We compared the genotype of these SNPs in @entity1 with @entity2023 and controls without @entity2023 . We also estimated the haplotype frequencies between the two groups. The genotype and allele frequencies of the @entity20236 and @entity20237 SNPs in the @entity2938 gene were not significantly different between the @entity1 with @entity2023 and controls (P > 0.05). The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity20238 in the @entity2939 gene were not significantly different between the @entity1 with @entity2023 and controls (P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis of the following two different (597)-(1350) major haplotypes (frequency >0.05) were present in the @entity2938 gene: T-C and C-C. The C-C haplotype was positively associated with @entity2023 (P = 0.048). Our study suggests that the @entity2938 gene polymorphisms might be susceptible to the development of @entity2023 . Further functional studies of @entity2938 genetics in light of the associations with @entity2023 would help clarify the role of @entity2938 genetics in clinical evaluations.

title: Identification of polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor gene and the association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20234 :: ('p|SUB|R|677|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg677Trp']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis inflammation', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity20233 :: ('p|SUB|R|753|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg753Gln']

entities_list: @entity19825 :: ('p|SUB|D|299|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp299Gly']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity20235 :: ('p|SUB|T|399|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr399Ile']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Long chain @entity844 : @entity9931 ligase (EC 6.2.1.3.) was examined in @entity1 small intestinal mucosa using the @entity10587 -trapping method. With optimal assay requirements using @entity2365 as substrate a significant difference of specific activities could be detected in the total homogenate from duodenum, 40.9 +/- 11.6 nmol/min per mg protein versus upper jejunum, 51.9 +/- 13.7 (P less than 0.05). The enzyme activity of the microsomal fraction of upper jejunum was 101.8 +/- 44 nmol/min per mg protein. @entity855 , @entity9931 , and Mg2+ were essential constituents of the reaction. A broad pH-optimum was observed between 6.75 and 7.75 with a maximum at a pH of 7.25. Whereas @entity2365 in the presence of albumin revealed a wide range of optimal concentration in supporting maximal enzyme activity, oleate was found to strongly inhibit the reaction. Where substrate specificity with both the total homogenate and the microsomal fraction was concerned, maximal reaction rates were obtained with @entity2365 for the long chain saturated @entity1718 C12:0' C14:0' C16:0' and C18:0' and with oleate for the long chain @entity1474 C18:1 C18:2' and C18:3' respectively. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was localised in the microsomal fraction. The kinetic data and properties of the long chain @entity844 : @entity9931 ligase from @entity1 intestine are discussed with respect to the intestinal enzyme from other species.

title: Studies on long chain XXXX : @entity9931 ligase from @entity1 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity10587 :: ('CHEBI:24648', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: The @entity1 major histocompatibility complex, HLA, is a highly polymorphic gene region which includes the @entity11751 and DRB genes. The number of DRB genes differs between haplotypes. The @entity4107 haplotype seems to be one of the most complex with five DRB loci, @entity1533 , @entity4107 , DRB7, DRB8, and DRB9, in addition to the single @entity11751 locus. We determined the @entity377 sequences of three separated DRB exons located between the @entity4107 locus and the @entity11751 locus in the @entity4107 haplotype, two DRB signal-peptide exons (S1 and S3) and one DRB first-domain exon (locus designation DRB9). Sequence comparisons suggest the following order of events for the origin of these exons: DRB9 seems to be the oldest exon and has previously been detected in multiple HLA haplotypes. DRB9 is more divergent than the three other known DRB pseudogenes, all of which have been found in apes. This suggests that DRB9 arose prior to the hominoid divergence. An L1 repeat has been inserted 3' to DRB9. Subsequently, a LTR of the ERV9 retrovirus-like family was inserted into the L1 repeat. Such LTRs have recently been observed in some of the other DRB genes. The pseudogenes DRB7 and DRB8 (containing only exons 3-6) arose after DRB9. Finally, the separated signal peptide exons S1 and S3 were formed. The molecular characterization of these separated DRB exons and insertion elements further clarifies the complex evolutionary history of the HLA-DR region. These selectively neutral exons may serve as useful markers for tracing the phylogeny of HLA haplotypes.

title: Characterization of three separated exons in the HLA class II DR region of the XXXX major histocompatibility complex.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We aimed to examine whether a whole-grain crispbread (CB) low- @entity948 , @entity258 ( @entity258 ) might be superior to a traditional @entity258 based on @entity948 -rich liquid meal replacements (LMRs) with respect to improvement of various cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive hormones. Parallel-group randomised controlled clinical trial. @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) were randomised to either an 8-week CB- @entity258 or LMR- @entity258 (900-1100kcal/day, @entity948 17g/day or 85g/day). A total of 51 @entity1 completed the study. Body weight, fat mass and waist circumference reduced by mean (s.d.) 10.0 (4.8) kg, 7.4 (4.2) kg and 8.5 (4.4) cm, with no significant differences between groups. Total- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 and @entity1675 were significantly reduced within both groups (all P values <0.01), with no significant between-group differences. The @entity1674 and LDL- @entity165 levels were reduced within the LMR group only, with no significant between-group differences. Blood pressure and most measures of @entity413 metabolism improved significantly in both diet groups, with no significant between-group difference. @entity414 levels rose by 17.7 (46.4) and 30.6 (71.5)  mol/l in the CB and LMR group, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. Gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly and equally reduced in both intervention groups. Free @entity251 index was reduced in both groups, with no significant difference between groups. @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3610 who underwent either an 8-week low or high- @entity948 @entity258 -diet had similar changes in various cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive hormones. Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00779571.

title: @entity948 content of low calorie diets: effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in @entity28 @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Morbidly obese']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-calorie diet', 'LCD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome']


abstract: The aims of this study were to compare treatment and referral practices between general practitioners (GPs) and dermatologists and to evaluate predictors for @entity3680 ( @entity3680 ) disease severity measured in terms of @entity73 . Data were collected from 181 @entity1 recruited for a larger study of @entity3680 . Information about treatment recommendations and usual referral practices are reported for 123 @entity1 . Data from @entity1 , diagnosed with work-related @entity272 , were modelled for severity of @entity73 . GPs were more likely to treat a @entity1 independently, referring if the @entity1 did not improve, whereas dermatologists were more likely to refer for patch testing on initial presentation. Dermatologists were more likely to recommend gloves and GPs were more likely to recommend soap avoidance/substitution. 2 GPs and no dermatologists reported recommending the best practice combination of moisturizers, topical corticosteroids and soap substitutes. When adjusted for all variables including age, sex, duration and diagnostic subgroup, workers with @entity402 as a cofactor had the most severe impairment. This study suggests that in Australia, @entity1 with suspected @entity3680 are initially managed within general practice, few clinicians recommend best practice treatments for @entity3680 , and that @entity402 is associated with severity. These findings have implications for health resource allocation, clinician education, and the pre-employment counselling of @entity1097 @entity1 .

title: @entity3680 in Australia: diagnostic and management practices, and severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3680 :: ('MESH:D009783', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'occupational contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['worker impairment']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['worker impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that cyclic variation of ultrasonic integrated backscatter (CVIBS) may be useful in detecting altered physical conditions in the heart. However, no previous study has examined serial changes of CVIBS in the myocardium during the development of @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined alterations of CVIBS in pacing-induced @entity299 . Eight @entity1707 (36 +/- 2 kg) were studied before and sequentially during sustained rapid ventricular pacing (225 +/- 9 beats per minute). CVIBS was measured in the IVS and left ventricular PLW before pacing and daily for 4 days after onset of pacing. Five additional @entity1707 (35 +/- 10 kg) were examined after 14 days of pacing. Regional function and CVIBS were assessed with pacemakers inactivated. A quantitative integrated backscatter imaging system (two-dimensional format) was used. Over 4 days of pacing, the magnitude of CVIBS progressively decreased in the PLW but was unchanged in the IVS, findings that persisted at 14 days. Percent wall thickening in the PLW progressively decreased to a greater degree than percent wall thickening in the IVS. A linear relation between the magnitude of CVIBS and percent wall thickening was found. At 14 days, blood flow to the two regions was similar but regional differences in CVIBS persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid left ventricular pacing produces abnormalities of regional myocardial function within 48 hours of pacing. Regional @entity296 is accompanied by a reduction in CVIBS in the same region.

title: Detection of regional XXXX in early pacing-induced heart failure using ultrasonic integrated backscatter.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the safety of lower endoscopy after colonic surgery, which has been unstudied and unknown. Endoscopy could promote suture breakdown at sites of colonic anastomoses, ostia, or repair by colonic abrasion or stretch from endoscopic intubation, torque, and insufflation. METHODS: Risks versus benefits of lower endoscopy performed within 3 wk of colonic surgery were retrospectively analyzed at five medical centers in 36 @entity1 undergoing sigmoidoscopy and 72 age-and-sex-matched controls, and in 16 @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy and 32 age-and-sex-matched controls. RESULTS: Sigmoidoscopy indications included @entity548 in 14, distal @entity694 in 12, and other in 10. Sigmoidoscopy provided the diagnosis in 18 (54%) of 33 cases (excluding three therapeutic sigmoidoscopies, control rate = 30%, p < 0.01, X2, including @entity694 in six and benign stricture in five. Sigmoidoscopy led to colonic surgery in nine and medical therapy changes in four. Colonoscopy indications included @entity694 in seven, @entity694 in five, and other in four. Colonoscopy provided the diagnosis in nine (56%, control rate = 56%, NS, X2). Colonoscopy led to colonic surgery in three and chemotherapy in one. Two endoscopic complications, unrelated to suture breakdown, occurred: An acutely ill @entity1 developed @entity551 during sigmoidoscopy which resolved with intravenous fluid resuscitation. A contained sigmoid diverticular perforation became a free perforation (requiring laparotomy) after colonoscopy. Both control groups had no endoscopic complications (NS, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: In this study, the benefits outweighed the risks of postoperative sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Clinicians should use discretion and perform colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy after colonic surgery, particularly bowel @entity254 , only for clinically important indications. Endoscopy is contraindicated when colonic wound dehiscence or bowel perforation is suspected.

title: A study of the safety and clinical efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy after recent colonic surgery in 52 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic bleeding', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: On the basis of an already demonstrated Jun  @entity16109 (JV) neural route after peripheral footpad infection of newborn @entity35 , here we attempted to determine the viral pathway following intraperitoneal inoculation. As from the 2nd week post-infection, @entity16 developed reaching 84% mortality at 30 days. Immunoperoxidase labeling of viral antigen, concomitantly with infectivity assays and histological examination, was carried out in serially harvested samples. Whenever infectivity was detected, whether by viral rescue from coculture or by conventional isolation, viral antigen staining was achieved. Infective JV was present at threshold levels in spleen and liver from days 2 to 10, and in blood from days 5 to 15. In neural tissues, viral antigen was initially disclosed at day 5 in thoracic rachideal ganglia and related spinal cord segments. From day 7 thereafter, the entire spinal cord was involved; at this stage, first evidence of @entity1800 was found in brain stem, with subsequent spread to other encephalon structures at day 10. According to harvested samples, no significant differences were found in labeled cell percentages at thoracic vs cervical or lumbar levels of spinal cord. In contrasts, greater involvement of cerebral cortex versus brain stem, hippocampus or cerebellum was demonstrated shortly before death. Although JV antigen was overwhelmingly predominant in neurons, no morphological changes were apparent in such cells. Since rachideal spinal ganglia and @entity602 invariably preceded viral spread to encephalon, concomitantly with viral clearance from lymphoreticular organs and blood, a neural pathway seems warranted.

title: Neural spread of Junin virus in intraperitoneally inoculated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and RF in @entity309 @entity1 and their relatives from Southern Brazil. METHODS: Anti- @entity14965 and IgM-RF were evaluated in 156 @entity309 @entity1 and 200 relatives. Sera from 100 healthy unrelated individuals were used as control. The anti- @entity14965 was detected by ELISA and the IgM-RF using the latex agglutination test. RESULTS: We identified 117 anti- @entity14965 (75%)-positive and 106 RF (67.9%)-positive patients. Anti- @entity14965 was increased in relatives (5.5%; 11/200) when compared with unrelated individuals (1%; P = 0.050). Titre of anti- @entity14965 in @entity309 @entity1 did not differ from relatives [140.4 (75.7) vs 115.6 (84.2) U, respectively; P = 0.30]. Positive relatives were younger than patients for anti- @entity14965 (P = 0.0081), RF (P < 0.001) and both concomitantly (P = 0.012), and although there was no difference for anti- @entity14965 positivity according to gender, increased RF positivity and concomitant anti- @entity14965 /RF were observed in the female relatives (P = 0.067 and 0.082, respectively). No difference regarding the relative degree of @entity286 use in relatives was detected. Among the 11 anti- @entity14965 -positive relatives, 2 females had @entity309 diagnosis established and 6 individuals presented with joint symptoms suggestive of @entity309 . CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a significant positivity of anti- @entity14965 in relatives of @entity309 @entity1 from Brazil and reinforce the importance of serological tools to identify undiagnosed @entity309 .

title: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and XXXX factor in @entity309 @entity1 and relatives from Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid']


abstract: The Batista operation was performed in 30 @entity1 (25 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , mean age 47 years) to treat @entity712 due to @entity296 , mostly @entity1000 , from December 1996 to June 1998. Preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was IV in 21 @entity1 including 17 receiving inotropic support, and class III in 9 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 required emergency surgery because of on-going shock and 23 @entity1 were operated electively. Combined cardiac procedures were; mitral valve reconstruction in 26 @entity1 (19 replacements, 7 repairs), tricuspid annuloplasty in 15, aortic valve replacement in 3 and one each of maze and coronary artery bypass grafting. All @entity1 successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraaortic balloon pump was used in 6 @entity1 but no left ventricular assist device was used. Two of 23 @entity1 (8.7%) who underwent elective operation died during hospitalization and 3 @entity1 (13.0%) died in the late period. Six of 7 @entity1 (85.7%) with emergency operation died in the hospital and only one survived. Sixteen of 19 survivors returned to NYHA class @entity9761 were in class III. Mean ejection fraction increased from 18 +/- 6% to 31 +/- 5%. Diastolic dimension decreased from 79 +/- 8 to 60 +/- 8 mm. End-diastolic and systolic volume indices decreased from 203 +/- 43 to 103 +/- 25 ml/m2 and from 164 +/- 39 to 70 +/- 25 ml/m2, respectively, at the second postoperative week. Six @entity1 had ventriculography at one year after the operation, and no redilation was noted. Increased thickness of left ventricular wall was observed postoperatively. The Batista operation can be performed with relatively low risk and clinical improvement was obvious in elective operation, wheras risk is very high in emergency cases. Therefore, proper guidelines for @entity1 selection and choice of procedure are critically important to achieve a successful outcome in the Batista operation.

title: Two-year experience of the Batista operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['non-ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a rapid and robust LC- @entity15 / @entity15 method for the determination of @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) in plasma, suitable for analysis of a large number of samples. METHOD: Systematic approach, Design of Experiments, was applied to optimize ESI source parameters and to evaluate method robustness, therefore, a rapid, stable and cost-effective assay was developed. The method was validated according to US FDA guidelines. LLOQ was determined at 5 pg/ml. The assay was linear over the examined concentration range (5-2500 pg/ml), Results: Experimental design approach was applied for optimization of ESI source parameters and evaluation of method robustness. The method was validated according to the US FDA guidelines. LLOQ was determined at 5 pg/ml. The assay was linear over the examined concentration range (R(2) > 0.98). The accuracies, intra- and interday precisions were less than 15%. The stability data confirmed reliable behavior of @entity9170 under tested conditions. CONCLUSION: Application of Design of Experiments approach allowed for fast and efficient analytical method development and validation as well as for reduced usage of chemicals necessary for regular method optimization. The proposed technique was applied to determination of @entity9170 pharmacokinetics in pediatric @entity1 undergoing long-term sedation in the intensive care unit.

title: HPLC- XXXX / @entity15 method for @entity6948 quantification with Design of Experiments approach: application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Purpose:: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) for the treatment of noninfectious @entity1596 using the methods advocated by the Standardization of @entity1596 Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group and to compare this with other studies of immunosuppression in @entity32 . Methods:: Retrospective case series. @entity1 with noninfectious @entity1596 , followed at a tertiary @entity1596 Service in S  o Paulo, Brazil, from 2007 to 2014 and receiving oral @entity2098 for a minimum of 6 months, were retrospectively reviewed. After reaching an optimal dose of @entity2098 , @entity1 were evaluated after 6 (T6), 12 (T12), and 24 months (T24). The optimal dose varied for each @entity1 (medium 2.2 g/day, range 1.0-3.0 g/day). The main outcome measures were: 1) success on achieving complete control of @entity32 in both eyes and/or oral @entity229 dosage reduction to <= 10 mg per day, and 2) the length of time required to reduce oral @entity229 to <= 10 mg/day, partial control of @entity32 , and side effects. Results:: In a cohort of 16 @entity1 with refractory noninfectious @entity1596 , 67% reached the ideal @entity229 dose after 1 year of @entity2098 treatment and 83% after 2 years of @entity2098 treatment. Complete or partial @entity32 control was achieved in 43.7% at T12. Two @entity1 (14%) had disease remission after 4.7 years of @entity2098 treatment. Adverse effects were @entity344 , @entity409 at a rate of 0.03 @entity1 -year each. Conclusions:: This small retrospective case series is consistent with the literature concerning the high efficacy and moderate tolerability of @entity2098 in noninfectious @entity1596 . Observation of @entity1 should be continued for at least 1 year to clearly determine @entity2098 efficacy.

title: @entity618 as an immunomodulator in refractory noninfectious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['infection, insomnia, and liver function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: In order to investigate axolemmal development in a @entity66 environment, normal and irradiated dorsal funiculus in @entity35 lumbosacral spinal cord was examined by freeze- @entity174 electron microscopy. At 3 days of age, normal fibres are all unmyelinated and of small (less than 0.5 micron) diameter. The unmyelinated axons have a moderate density (approximately 850 microns-2) of intramembranous particles (IMPs) on P- @entity174 faces and a low IMP density (approximately 300 microns-2) on E-faces. IMPs are homogeneously distributed along both @entity174 faces. By 19 days of age, the normal dorsal funiculus is well populated with myelinated axons and glial cells, as well as a sizable population of unmyelinated fibres. Nearly all of the myelinated fibres have a large (greater than 1.0 micron) diameter; whereas, most unmyelinated axons are of small (less than 0.5 micron) calibre. The axolemma of unmyelinated axons is relatively undifferentiated, with an asymmetrical distribution of IMPs (P-face: approximately 1100 microns-2; E-face: approximately 450 microns-2). Myelinated fibres show nodal and paranodal regions with P-face and E-face ultrastructure similar to previous descriptions. Internodal axolemma appears relatively homogeneous, with P-faces being highly particulate (approximately 2100 microns-2) and a low IMP density (approximately 200 microns-2) on E-faces. Following irradiation of the lumbosacral spinal cord at 3 days of age, there is a severe reduction in the number of glial cells and myelinated fibres in this region when the tissue is examined at 19 days of age. Despite the deficiency of glial cells in this tissue, axonal and axolemmal development continue. Numerous large (greater than 1.0 micron) diameter axons are present in this irradiated tissue. Large diameter axons show a high (approximately 2000 microns-2) density of IMPs on P-faces; E-face IMP density remains at approximately 440 micron-2. Small calibre axons also have an asymmetrical distribution of particles (P-face: approximately 1100 microns-2; E-face: 280 microns-2). The axolemmal E-faces of some glial cell deprived fibres exhibit regions with greater than normal (approximately 750 microns-2) density of IMPs. These results demonstrate that some aspects of axonal and axolemmal development continue in a @entity66 environment, and it is suggested that axolemmal ultrastructure is, at least in part, independent of glial cell association.

title: Membrane ultrastructure of developing axons in @entity66 XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial cell deficient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To examine the effects of exercise on plasma lipids and metabolism during lactation, sedentary, exclusively breast-feeding @entity1 were randomly assigned to an exercise (E) or control (C) group at 6-8 wk postpartum. E subjects performed aerobic exercise 45 min.d-1, 5 d.wk-1, for 12 wk. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy expenditure, body composition, and dietary intake were measured at 6-8, 12-14, and 18-20 wk postpartum. Maximum @entity26 uptake (VO2max), postprandial insulin, @entity413 , and thermic response, and plasma lipid levels were measured at 6-8 and 18-20 wk. VO2max increased by 25% vs 5% in the E vs the C group, respectively (P < 0.0001). RMR was similar between groups and did not change over time. Weight and percent body fat declined (P < 0.01) during the study, but there was no difference between E and C groups. Exercise marginally increased high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (P < 0.08), but did not affect other lipid concentrations. Insulin response decreased as VO2max increased (P = 0.05). There was no effect of time or group on @entity413 or thermic response. Exercise improves @entity65 during lactation, but does not increase the rate of postpartum weight loss.

title: Effects of exercise on plasma lipids and metabolism of lactating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ) exhibits antitumor activity against a wide spectrum of @entity5 cells. However, whether @entity4601 has anti- @entity5 effect on @entity1 @entity421 cells remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity4601 and the underlying mechanisms in @entity1 @entity421 cell lines with different @entity876 mutation statuses. Four @entity1 @entity421 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of @entity4601 . Then, cell proliferation was determined by the CCK-8 viability assay; apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry; protein expression was analyzed by western blot assay; and NF-kB activity was examined by luciferase assay. The results demonstrated that @entity4601 treatment could inhibit the proliferation of four @entity421 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. @entity876 wild-type @entity421 cells were more sensitive to @entity4601 . Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cell and cell arrest in G   /M phase was increased upon @entity4601 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, @entity4601 activated @entity522 , @entity8186 , and @entity8187 ; upregulated the expression of @entity589 , FAS, and @entity4910 ; downregulated the expression of @entity588 , @entity8188 , and @entity8189 ; and inhibited the activity of NF-  B. In conclusion, @entity4601 has significant anticancer effects against @entity1 @entity421 cells, which include induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The @entity876 gene may play a certain role in the @entity4601 -induced @entity1 @entity421 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. @entity4601 is a novel anti- @entity421 drug candidate that merits further study.

title: Anti- @entity5 effects of XXXX on @entity1 @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity8185 :: (MESH:C039060,Chemical) :: ['dihydroartemisinin']


abstract: 1. The intrarumen pressure (IRP) of eight @entity291 was elevated for 10 min by @entity1568 insufflation to pressures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm @entity2507 . 2. Rumen motility was evaluated by recording reticulorumen myoelectrical activity and changes in luminal pressure, while eructation was determined from anterior tracheal and face mask gas expulsion. 3. The elevation of IRP increased primary rumen contraction frequency slightly and secondary rumen contraction frequency as much as 3-fold. 4. Rumen gas was expelled only during rumen contractions and virtually always during secondary rumen contractions. 5. @entity291 do not exhibit the primary-secondary contraction previously identified in @entity742 and their rumen motility appears to be less sensitive than @entity742 to increases in IRP.

title: The effect of elevation of intrarumen pressure by @entity1568 insufflation on eructation in @entity291 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bos taurus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the impact of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) on the coagulation system in @entity1 undergoing minimal invasive @entity2 surgery is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LMWH on the coagulation system in @entity1 undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy for primary @entity2 . METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity2 undergoing VATS lobectomy were randomized to either subcutaneous injection with @entity16960 (Fragmin  ) 5000 IE once daily or no intervention. Coagulation was assessed pre-, peri-, and the first two days postoperatively by standard coagulation blood test, thromboelastometry (ROTEM  ) and thrombin generation. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing potential curative surgery for @entity2 were not hypercoagulable preoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the majority of the assessed coagulation parameters after LMWH, except that the no intervention group had a higher peak thrombin and a shorter INTEM clotting time on the first postoperative day and a lower @entity2002 level on the second postoperative day. A lower level of fibrin d-dimer in the LMWH group was found on the 1. and 2.postoperative day, although not statistical significant. No differences were found between the two groups in the amount of @entity548 or number of @entity1031 events. CONCLUSIONS: Use of LMWH administered once daily as thromboprophylaxis did not alter the coagulation profile per se. As the present study primarily evaluated biochemical endpoints, further studies using clinical endpoints are needed in regards of an optimized thromboprophylaxis approach.

title: Coagulation profile in XXXX undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: A randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']