abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe peritoneal @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ) as complications of long-term @entity298 ( @entity298 ) are issues of concern. The usefulness of peritoneal lavage after withdrawal of @entity298 and the risk factors for @entity2976 have not been addressed until now. Little is known about mesothelial cell area (MCA) in the effluent as a marker of peritoneal injury. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of peritoneal lavage after @entity298 withdrawal and tried to clarify the risk factors related to MCA, with the aim of preventing @entity2976 . We also developed an algorithm for the clinical management of long-term @entity298 @entity1 . METHODS: We assigned 247 @entity298 @entity1 to one of two cohorts after @entity298 withdrawal: a non-lavage group (73 @entity1 ) and a lavage group (174 @entity1 ). To clarify the risk factors, we studied these potential predictors: @entity298 duration, dialysate-to-plasma ratio of @entity1011 (D/P Cr) at the time of @entity298 withdrawal, frequency of peritoneal lavage, type of @entity298 or lavage solution, MCA at the time of @entity298 withdrawal (" @entity298 area"), and @entity9623 at the time of peritoneal lavage withdrawal or censoring ("LA area"). Recurrent @entity1321 was defined as the main manifestation of @entity2976 . Diagnostic performance and cut-off values were then calculated for the selected risk factors. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity2976 was significantly lower in the lavage group, at 6.9% (5.2% during lavage and 2.5% after lavage), than in the non-lavage group, at 15.1%. The risk factors and cut-off values were @entity298 area (350   m(2)) and @entity298 duration (78 months) for the non-lavage group; and @entity298 area (350   m(2)) and LA area (320   m(2)) for the lavage group. @entity1 with a @entity298 duration of 78 months or more and a @entity298 area of 350   m(2) or more were defined as high-risk @entity1 in the non-lavage group (risk ratio: 11.14), and @entity1 with a @entity298 area of 350   m(2) or more and an LA area of 320   m(2) or more were defined as high-risk @entity1 in the lavage group (risk ratio: 10.43). CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal lavage is effective in reducing the incidence of @entity2976 after @entity298 withdrawal. The @entity298 duration and MCA are significant risk factors, and these markers are useful for classifying @entity1 into low- and high-risk groups for the development of @entity2976 .

title: The role of peritoneal lavage and the prognostic significance of mesothelial cell area in preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'injury and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity2976 :: (MESH:D056627,Disease) :: ['encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With 1-2% of @entity1 leaving the hospital @entity910 ( @entity910 ), the potential for these @entity1 to suffer adverse health outcomes is of major concern. OBJECTIVE: To examine 30-day hospital readmission and mortality rates for medical @entity1 who left the hospital @entity910 and identify independent risk factors associated with these outcomes. DESIGN: A 5-year retrospective cohort of all @entity1 discharged from a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. SUBJECTS: The final study sample included 1,930,947 medical admissions to 129 VA hospitals from 2004 to 2008; 32,819 @entity1 (1.70%) were discharged @entity910 . MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes of interest were 30-day mortality and 30-day all-cause hospital readmission. RESULTS: Compared to discharges home, @entity910 @entity1 were more likely to be black, have low income, and have co-morbid @entity167 abuse (for all, Chi(2) df = 1, p < 0.001). @entity910 @entity1 had a higher 30-day readmission rate (17.7% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001) and higher 30-day mortality rate (0.75% vs. 0.61%, p = 0.001). In Cox proportional hazard modeling controlling for demographics and co-morbidity, the largest hazard for @entity1 having a 30-day readmission is leaving @entity910 (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.32-1.39). Similar modeling for 30-day mortality reveals a nearly significant increased hazard rate for @entity1 discharged @entity910 (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.98-1.24). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the higher risk of adverse outcomes, hospitals should target @entity910 @entity1 for post-discharge interventions, such as phone follow-up, home visits, or mental health counseling to improve outcomes.

title: Leaving @entity910 ( XXXX ): risk of 30-day mortality and hospital readmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['against medical advice', 'AMA']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['AMA']


abstract: CONTEXT: The prevalence of severe @entity28 is increasing markedly, as is prevalence of comorbid conditions such as @entity101 and @entity6 ; however, apart from bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy, few clinical trials have evaluated the treatment of severe @entity28 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a @entity353 and physical activity intervention on the adverse health risks of severe @entity28 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Single-blind randomized trial conducted from February 2007 through April 2010 at the University of Pittsburgh. @entity1 were 130 (37% African American) severely @entity28 (class II or III) adult @entity1 without @entity6 recruited from the community. INTERVENTIONS: One-year intensive lifestyle intervention consisting of diet and physical activity. One group (initial physical activity) was randomized to diet and physical activity for the entire 12 months; the other group (delayed physical activity) had the identical dietary intervention but with physical activity delayed for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in weight. Secondary outcomes were additional components comprising cardiometabolic risk, including waist circumference, abdominal adipose tissue, and hepatic fat content. RESULTS: Of 130 @entity1 randomized, 101 (78%) completed the 12-month follow-up assessments. Although both intervention groups lost a significant amount of weight at 6 months, the initial-activity group lost significantly more weight in the first 6 months compared with the delayed-activity group (10.9 kg [95% confidence interval {CI}, 9.1-12.7] vs 8.2 kg [95% CI, 6.4-9.9], P = .02 for group   time interaction). Weight loss at 12 months, however, was similar in the 2 groups (12.1 kg [95% CI, 10.0-14.2] vs 9.9 kg [95% CI, 8.0-11.7], P = .25 for group   time interaction). Waist circumference, visceral abdominal fat, hepatic fat content, blood pressure, and insulin resistance were all reduced in both groups. The addition of physical activity promoted greater reductions in waist circumference and hepatic fat content. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with severe @entity28 , a lifestyle intervention involving diet combined with initial or delayed initiation of physical activity resulted in clinically significant @entity353 and favorable changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00712127.

title: Effects of diet and physical activity interventions on @entity353 and cardiometabolic risk factors in severely XXXX adults: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To describe and @entity16 in @entity5108 . STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective record review from a university laryngology practice. RESULTS: Four adult @entity5108 @entity1 presented with laryngeal symptoms. Three @entity1 exhibited bilateral @entity3746 , in each case with more severe hypomobility on the left. One case exhibited an isolated left @entity3746 . All @entity1 complained of hoarseness and stridor, three had @entity1353 , two @entity1 had @entity1282 , and one @entity27 ( @entity27 ). One @entity1 has required airway surgery to date. Genetic testing revealed known sequence alterations in one case and sequence alterations previously not associated with @entity409 in two cases. One case was familial and two were sporadic; information is not available in a fourth. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course of the cases suggests slowly progressive @entity16 that appears to be nerve length dependent. The lack of severe @entity649 despite dense bilateral paresis is consistent with existing reports and with the reported low rate of tracheostomy in adults with laryngeal manifestations of @entity5108 . Genetic testing does not currently inform expectations or management of @entity9257 . @entity1353 , @entity1282 , and @entity27 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity5108 require careful laryngologic evaluation.

title: @entity16 of XXXX : further observations and novel mutations associated with vocal fold paresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease', 'CMT']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'define laryngeal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'had obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold palsy']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']


abstract: Serum from yellow @entity221 convalescents from Payta, Piura, and Morropon gave a positive Pfeiffer reaction with the strains of @entity2928 isolated in Guayaquil and Merida. The serum also protected the @entity840 from these strains in the majority of instances. The Pfeiffer reaction was complete with all recent convalescents (7 to 36 days) but slight or partial in some instances with serum derived from individuals who had had the attack of yellow @entity221 10 months previously. The virulence of the Morropon strains was found to be approximately the same as that of the Guayaquil or Merida strains. With one strain the minimum lethal dose for the @entity840 was less than 0.00001 cc. of a kidney emulsion from an infected @entity840 . Suitable quantities of the anti-icteroides serum administered to @entity840 inoculated with 2,000 to 20,000 minimum lethal doses of infective material prevented the development of the @entity281 , or a fatal outcome, according as the serum was given during the incubation period or after @entity221 had appeared. The earlier the administration of the serum the smaller was the quantity needed; during the incubation period 0.0001 to 0.001 cc. was sufficient, during the febrile period 0.01 to 0.1 cc. was required to check the progress of the disease, and even at the time when @entity1087 had already appeared, the injection of 0.1 to 1 cc. saved three out of four animals inoculated with Strain 3 and one out of three inoculated with Strain 1. The native @entity840 secured in Payta proved to be unusually refractory to @entity281 with @entity2928 as compared with normal @entity840 recently imported from New York. Fresh rabbit serum is recommended for culture work with @entity2928 .

title: IMMUNOLOGY OF THE PERUVIAN STRAINS OF XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2928 :: ('173', 'Species') :: ['Leptospira icteroides']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2928 :: (173,Species) :: ['LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) plays a major role in @entity82 and chemical pleurodesis. Approximately 50% of @entity1 with tunneled pleural catheters (TPCs) for @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) will have autopleurodesis. Pleural @entity2533 levels have never been measured in the setting of @entity3557 drainage and may predict autopleurodesis. METHODS: Pleural fluid was collected prospectively in subjects with @entity9236 and planned @entity3557 insertion. Pleural fluid was collected at time 0 (T0, thoracentecis before @entity3557 placement), time 1 (T1, @entity3557 insertion), and time 2 (T2, 2 wk after @entity3557 insertion). The @entity9236 levels of @entity2533 , @entity32703 were measured using ELISA. @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were also measured at T0. @entity1 were followed up for autopleurodesis and @entity3557 removal. RESULTS: Nineteen samples were collected from 9 @entity1 with @entity9236 who underwent @entity3557 placement. Three @entity1 died before the study completion. The median level of @entity2533 of 1243 pg/mL (range, 620 to 4547 pg/mL) at T1 in 6 @entity1 showed a statistically significant rise to 2857 pg/mL (range, 2120 to 7160 pg/mL) after @entity3557 placement (P=0.004, R=0.898). There was no statistically significant increase in @entity2533 levels from T0 to T1. There was a linear relationship between @entity2533 and @entity880 dehydrogenase at T0 (R=0.635). @entity2289 levels increased from T1 to T2, but was not statistically significant. There was no significant rise in @entity7 from T1 to T2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3557 insertion results in an independent increase in @entity2533 levels in @entity9236 .

title: XXXX rise in pleural fluid after tunneled pleural catheter placement: pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity32703 :: ('7422;5054', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPEs', 'malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute drug @entity1445 is an important cause of @entity881 and metabolic derangements and the @entity1 often require intensive care. This study aims to determine the clinical pattern of severe @entity1445 as well as the factors influencing the duration of intensive care METHODS: The clinical characteristics and course of consecutive adult @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity697 in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Oman from January 2007 to December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively from the electronic case records. RESULTS: Acute @entity4968 (n=29) constituted 3.9% of admissions to the ICU. Mean age was 29.38  7.9 years. They were brought in by their relatives (72%) or the state services (24%). @entity4968 was noted in 21 @entity1 (72%) and suicidal @entity1445 in 6 (21%). The commonest drug was an opioid (65.5%). Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of  <=8 was recorded in 18 (62.1%). Sixty two percent of @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. The prominent complications were @entity551 in 9 (31%), pulmonary in 19 (65.5%), hepatic in 18 (62.1%) and renal in 12 (41.4%) @entity1 . The major electrolytes abnormalities were low @entity3157 in 11 (37.9%), @entity2753 in 5 (17.2%) and @entity1371 in 4 (13.8%). @entity1 stayed in the ICU for 1 to 20 days (median-2 days). Factors associated with a longer ICU stay included @entity551 upon arrival (p=0.048) and the need for mechanical ventilation on the first (p=0.001) and second (p=0.001) days of hospitalization. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Early and prompt intensive medical therapy in @entity697 can favorably influence the outcome. In addition, the presence of @entity551 and requirement of mechanical ventilation on the first two days of hospitalization were responsible for prolonged ICU stay.

title: Acute XXXX : clinical profile, etiologic spectrum and determinants of duration of intensive medical treatment.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute drug poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['drug poisoning', 'Accidental poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose', 'overdosing']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['drug overdose']


abstract: Short-chain @entity7574 are the metabolic by-products of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and are found at sites of infection in millimolar quantities. We previously reported that @entity6137 , one of the short-chain @entity7574 , induces an increase in intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) in @entity1 neutrophils. Here we investigate the effect of @entity6137 on @entity224 generation in @entity1 neutrophils. @entity6137 (10 mm) induced @entity671 ( @entity9421 ) formation and a rapidly transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i, but not @entity224 generation, whereas 1 microm @entity5037 ( @entity14915 ), a widely used neutrophil-stimulating bacterial peptide, stimulated not only IP3 formation and @entity141 mobilization but also @entity224 generation. The IP3 level induced by @entity6137 was slightly lower than that induced by fMLP. The transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i induced by @entity6137 immediately returned to the basal level, whereas a sustained increase in [ @entity141 ]i, which was higher than the basal level, following a transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i was induced by fMLP. The peak level induced by @entity6137 was lower than that with fMLP. In the absence of extracellular @entity141 , @entity2426 , a potent inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase, induced an increase in [ @entity141 ]i even after @entity6137 stimulation, but not after fMLP. The @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 and @entity2426 induced @entity224 generation by themselves. @entity6137 enhanced the @entity224 generating effect of @entity3365 and @entity2426 . These results suggest that @entity141 mobilization induced by @entity6137 is much weaker than that with fMLP, and @entity6137 is able to generate @entity224 in the presence of a @entity141 ionophore and a @entity141 influx activator.

title: @entity6137 stimulates XXXX generation in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid', 'Propionic acid']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic metabolic overload results in lipid accumulation and subsequent @entity32 in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), often accompanied by @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). In response to metabolic overload, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes is adapted. However, it still remains unknown how these adaptations in gene expression in expanding @entity1386 and liver are orchestrated and whether they are interrelated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: ApoE*3Leiden @entity19 were fed HFD or chow for different periods up to 12 weeks. Gene expression in @entity1386 and liver over time was evaluated by micro-array analysis. @entity1386 @entity1184 and @entity32 were analyzed histologically. Bayesian hierarchical cluster analysis of dynamic @entity1386 gene expression identified groups of genes ('clusters') with comparable expression patterns over time. HFD evoked an immediate response of five clusters of 'lipid metabolism' genes in @entity1386 , which did not further change thereafter. At a later time point (>6 weeks), inflammatory clusters were induced. Promoter analysis of clustered genes resulted in specific key regulators which may orchestrate the metabolic and inflammatory responses in @entity1386 . Some master regulators played a dual role in control of metabolism and @entity32 . When @entity32 developed (>6 weeks), genes of lipid metabolism and @entity32 were also affected in corresponding livers. These hepatic gene expression changes and the underlying transcriptional responses in particular, were remarkably similar to those detected in @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1386 , metabolic overload induced an immediate, stable response on clusters of lipid metabolism genes and induced inflammatory genes later in time. Both processes may be controlled and interlinked by specific transcriptional regulators. When @entity32 began, the hepatic response to HFD resembled that in @entity1386 . In all, @entity1386 and liver respond to metabolic overload by adaptations in expression of gene clusters that control lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes in an orchestrated and interrelated manner.

title: Coordinated and interactive expression of genes of lipid metabolism and XXXX in adipose tissue and liver during metabolic overload.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['WAT inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: B-mode ultrasound (US) of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) shows an uncharacteristic pattern. The aim of this study is to display the pattern of @entity99 by performing contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between May 2006 and June 2008 @entity99 was diagnosed in 12 @entity1 (4 female, 8 male) by clinical and sonographic findings. The underlying diseases were @entity3052 (n = 10), @entity2150 (n = 1), and @entity5 (n = 1) in either the state of complete remission (n = 10) or relapse (n = 2). Due to @entity221 after chemotherapy all of the @entity1 had received antifungal therapy. When @entity99 was diagnosed all @entity1 were afebrile and in a recovered hematological constitution. Additional diagnostic procedures were histological examination (n = 5), computed tomography (n = 8) and sonographic follow-up examinations (n = 12). All @entity1 were examined with B-mode US and CEUS. RESULTS: In B-mode US the lesions were hypoechoic (n = 12), multiple (n = 10) and > 1 cm (n = 8) as well as > 2 cm (n = 4) in diameter. During CEUS no enhancement of contrast media in the centre of the lesions was seen in all cases during both phases. Additionally, in the arterial phase, the lesions showed no rim enhancement (n = 3) (type I), an isoechoic rim enhancement (n = 5) (type II), or a hyperechoic rim enhancement (n = 4) (type III). During sonographic follow-up a complete regression of the lesions (n = 9) or a stable disease (n = 2) was seen. One @entity1 died due to a relapse. CONCLUSION: The CEUS pattern of @entity99 is variable but characteristic. Therefore, CEUS should be performed in all @entity1 with suspected @entity99 .

title: [Contrast enhanced sonographic patterns of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic candidiasis', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic candidiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of @entity4959 particle size and @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) to non- @entity10102 @entity3151 (P) ratio on the true ileal @entity9495 digestibility of @entity4959 for broiler @entity1573 . A @entity4959 sample was passed through a set of sieves and separated into fine (<0.5  mm) and coarse (1-2  mm) particles. The analysed @entity9495 concentration of both particle sizes was similar (420  g/kg). Six experimental diets were developed using each particle size with @entity9495 :non- @entity10102 P ratios of 1.5:1, 2.0:1 and 2.5:1, with ratios being adjusted by manipulating the dietary @entity9495 concentrations. A @entity9495 -free diet was also developed to determine the basal ileal endogenous @entity9495 losses. @entity6701 (3  g/kg) was incorporated in all diets as an indigestible marker. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to 6 replicate cages (8 birds per cage) and fed from d 21 to 24 post hatch. Apparent ileal digestibility of @entity9495 was calculated using the indicator method and corrected for basal endogenous losses to determine the true @entity9495 digestibility. The basal ileal endogenous @entity9495 losses were determined to be 127  mg/kg of dry matter intake. Increasing @entity9495 :non- @entity10102 P ratios reduced the true @entity9495 digestibility of @entity4959 . The true @entity9495 digestibility coefficients of @entity4959 with @entity9495 :non- @entity10102 P ratios of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 were 0.65, 0.57 and 0.49, respectively. Particle size of @entity4959 had a marked effect on the @entity9495 digestibility, with the digestibility being higher in coarse particles (0.71 vs. 0.43).

title: Effect of @entity4959 particle size and @entity460 to non- @entity10102 @entity3151 ratio on true ileal @entity460 digestibility of @entity4959 for broiler XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['limestone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity3123 ( @entity3981 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT features and clinical presentations of five @entity1 (four @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age, 52 years) with pathology-proven pancreatic @entity3981 were reviewed. The image characteristics included the lesion location and size, the exophytic nature of the @entity5 , @entity548 , @entity730 , the presence of @entity39 , bile or pancreatic duct dilation, attenuation on the noncontrast image, attenuation on the arterial- and venous-phase images, peripancreatic invasion, peripancreatic @entity3329 , and distant metastases. RESULTS: The @entity5 were located at the pancreatic tail in three cases and at the pancreatic head in two cases. The average lesion size was 5.3 cm. Exophytic features and @entity39 were found in 80% (4/5) and 60% (3/5) of cases, respectively. The @entity3981 showed a mild hypodense appearance on noncontrast CT in 100% (3/3) of cases and a hypodense appearance on arterial-/venous-phase CT in 80% (4/5) of cases. The exception was one lesion that showed a significantly hyperdense appearance and a mildly hyperdense appearance on the arterial- and venous-phase images. None of the CT images showed enhancement of a capsule, @entity730 , @entity548 , bile or pancreatic duct dilation, vascular encasement, or distant metastatic disease, but three cases showed peripancreatic invasion and @entity3329 . CONCLUSIONS: With persistent mild enhancement, the typical @entity3981 appears as an @entity5 with a focal @entity39 and the lack of ductal dilatation. The predilection for older male @entity1 and elevated serum alpha fetoprotein are useful clinical features for confirming an @entity3981 diagnosis.

title: The CT findings of XXXX in five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic/necrotic components', 'cystic/necrotic component', 'cystic or necrotic components']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'exophytic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic and its prevention and treatment is a major public health concern, demanding treatment which may combine a sociocultural approach, lifestyle modification, nutritional, pharmacological or surgical strategies. @entity351 , an endocannabinoid antagonist, has been proposed as an agent for an average @entity353 of 4 kg. However, the development of @entity148 and @entity308 can be major side effects. CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old businessman, after using @entity351 (20 mg/day) for 1 month for @entity353 , developed a major @entity308 with melancholic features, which remitted after the interruption of @entity351 . DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, a major @entity308 with melancholic or atypical features specifier has not been described since the initiation of @entity351 pharmacological trials. The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, used in the @entity351 trials, assesses several key points of @entity308 @entity1 . However, it neglects the somatic symptoms that correspond to the additional criterion for both of the mentioned features as well as suicidal ideation. The severity of an episode could also be underestimated depending on the assessment tool or on the clinical interview. CONCLUSION: There may be an underestimation of @entity308 melancholic and atypical side effects related to @entity351 use, due to the lack of consistent assessment with the appropriate screening tools. Pharmacological strategies should be adjunctive for @entity28 treatment when there is a failure in the lifestyle and nutritional modification strategies. Moreover, deeper global sociocultural changes should be made in the treatment and control of the global @entity28 epidemic.

title: Melancholic features related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant', 'Rimonabant']

answer: @entity351 :: (MESH:C089032,Chemical) :: ['rimonabant']


abstract: The identification of carriers and the prenatal diagnosis of @entity447 have greatly improved with knowledge of the structure of the factor VIII gene. This has permitted the defect to be traced in families by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. This study summarizes 5 years' experience at A. Bianchi Bonomi @entity447 and @entity715 Center and the problems encountered. One hundred and forty-four @entity1 at risk of @entity447 from 93 families were referred to our center for DNA analysis. Carrier detection was performed in 95 @entity1 , including 11 who were pregnant. Prenatal diagnosis was performed at 7-14 weeks' gestation in 56 pregnant @entity1 . We employed two intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (XbaI and BclI) and the two extragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (TaqI and BglII). Combining the results of intra and extragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms with pedigree analysis, a diagnosis was reached in approximately 90% of cases. Of the 33 male fetuses, 11 were affected and 19 not affected. Two cases of recombination between extragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms and the factor VIII locus were found.

title: Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of @entity447 : 5-years experience at a XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity5 is characterized by high heterogeneity in gene expression, varieties of differentiation phenotypes and @entity5 -host interrelations. Growing evidence suggests that @entity5 -initiating, or @entity5 stem cells (CSCs), may also represent a heterogeneous population. The present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the different phenotypic subpopulations of metastatic @entity694 and to develop a working colon CSC model for obtaining highly tumorigenic and clonogenic cells in sufficient numbers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different phenotypic cell subpopulations were isolated based on differential levels and patterns of expression of several @entity3308 markers, including @entity5439 , @entity1759 , @entity2394 and @entity12974 . Stemness properties of isolated cells were tested by analysis of their ability to form floating colonospheres in vitro, to induce @entity5 in NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 after transplantation at relatively low cell numbers, and to produce progenitors of different phenotypes. RESULTS: The metastatic @entity694 HCT116 cell line, which expressed a majority of known CSC markers, closely resembling the patterns of expression in exfoliated peritoneal cells from several metastatic @entity694 @entity1 , was selected as a reference material. Genome-wide microarray analysis (Affymetrix; DAVID) of @entity5439 (high) CSC-enriched versus CSC-depleted cell populations revealed 4,351 differentially expressed genes with an overrepresentation of those responsible for apoptosis resistance, regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, @entity3308 and developmental pathways. Simultaneous analysis of 84 stem cell- and metastasis-related genes with corresponding PCR arrays identified genes differentially expressed in several colon CSC phenotypic populations versus bulk @entity5 cells, and in relation to each other. It was found that colonospheres induced by tumorigenic cells with the highest expression of @entity5439 and those which were induced by @entity5439 / @entity1759 -negative cells possessed profoundly different stem cell-related gene expression profiles. CONCLUSION: The proposed approaches allow for reliable isolation and propagation of highly tumorigenic and clonogenic cells of different phenotypes. Genomic analysis of several candidate CSC phenotypic populations may contribute to the identification of novel targets for @entity694 stem cell-targeted drug development and treatment.

title: Phenotypic subpopulations of metastatic XXXX stem cells: genomic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maximum, mean and peak SUV of primary @entity5 at baseline FDG-PET scans, have often been found predictive for overall survival in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . In this study we further investigated the prognostic power of advanced metabolic metrics derived from intensity volume histograms (IVH) extracted from PET imaging. METHODS: A cohort of 220 @entity1149 @entity1 (mean age, 66.6 years; 149 @entity1 , 71 @entity1 ), stages I-IIIB, treated with radiotherapy with curative intent were included (NCT00522639). Each @entity1 underwent standardized pre-treatment CT-PET imaging. Primary GTV was delineated by an experienced radiation oncologist on CT-PET images. Common PET descriptors such as maximum, mean and peak SUV, and metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) were quantified. Advanced descriptors of metabolic activity were quantified by IVH. These comprised five groups of features: absolute and relative volume above relative intensity threshold (AVRI and RVRI), absolute and relative volume above absolute intensity threshold (AVAI and RVAI), and absolute intensity above relative volume threshold (AIRV). MTV was derived from the IVH curves for volumes with SUV above 2.5, 3 and 4, and of 40% and 50% maximum SUV. Univariable analysis using Cox Proportional Hazard Regression was performed for overall survival assessment. RESULTS: Relative volume above higher SUV (80%) was an independent predictor of @entity3012 (p = 0.05). None of the possible surrogates for MTV based on volumes above SUV of 3, 40% and 50% of maximum SUV showed significant associations with @entity3012 [p (AVAI3) = 0.10, p (AVAI4) = 0.22, p (AVRI40%) = 0.15, p (AVRI50%) = 0.17]. Maximum and peak SUV (r = 0.99) revealed no prognostic value for @entity3012 [p (maximum SUV) = 0.20, p (peak SUV) = 0.22]. CONCLUSIONS: New methods using more advanced imaging features extracted from PET were analyzed. Best prognostic value for @entity3012 of @entity1149 @entity1 was found for relative portions of the @entity5 above higher uptakes (80% SUV).

title: Prognostic value of metabolic metrics extracted from baseline positron emission tomography images in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To report and confirm the identity of @entity2909 with many @entity1358 , which has not been described previously. CASE DETAILS: A 53-year-old @entity1 was found to have a polypoid @entity5 in the larynx. The @entity5 was excised and the @entity1 has shown no evidence of recurrence over a 5-year period. The @entity5 tissue comprised intersecting fascicles of spindle-shaped @entity5 cells with blunt-ended nuclei. Many of the @entity5 cells showed marked atypia. Mitotic activity in the @entity5 cells was low, and no atypical mitoses were found. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and @entity2283 . @entity876 overexpression was identified in many @entity5 cells; the @entity876 labelling index of the @entity5 cells was 45%. DNA from @entity5 cells showed loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 3p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 10q, 17p and 18q. We diagnosed this case as @entity2909 with @entity1358 ( @entity2909 ) based on the clinical course and pathological and genetic findings. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of @entity2909 in the larynx. The clinical course and pathological findings indicate that although laryngeal @entity2909 contains numerous @entity1358 , it is a benign @entity5 .

title: XXXX with @entity1358 ( @entity2909 ) in the larynx.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cells']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['atypical leiomyoma', 'laryngeal leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Leiomyoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1448 is considered as a major challenge in pediatric practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the value of morphometric assessment of hepatic @entity82 in early diagnosis of @entity2876 . METHODS: We studied liver biopsy specimens from 53 @entity1 with @entity1448 . The @entity1 were assigned to two groups: group 1 (25 @entity1 with @entity2876 ) and group 2 (28 @entity1 with non-obstructive @entity1448 ). Morphometric assessment of @entity82 was performed for all biopsies; in addition, another twelve histological parameters were estimated and scored on a scale of 0 to 4. Biopsies of @entity1 aged 60 days or younger were characterized and analyzed separately. RESULTS: Morphometric value of @entity82 was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (16.8    8.4% vs. 5.9    2.3%, respectively; P<0.001). By multiple regression analysis, bile ductular plugs, morphometric assessment of @entity82 , rosetting, portal tract @entity32 and pattern of @entity1448 were found to be significant in discriminating the two groups. In @entity1 aged 60 days or younger, a cutoff value for morphometric assessment of @entity82 of 7.5% was the discriminating point between the two groups with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 84%. CONCLUSION: Morphometric assessment of hepatic @entity82 could enhance the value of liver biopsy in early diagnosis of @entity2876 .

title: Morphometric assessment of liver XXXX may enhance early diagnosis of @entity2876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal cholestasis syndrome', 'cholestasis', 'neonatal cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Effective cycle control was demonstrated based on two multicenter, 2-year studies of the triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) agent containing the new progestin @entity20169 . The @entity172 in this OC is @entity2082 . These open-label Phase III studies were conducted in the United States by 33 investigators at 33 sites who treated a total of 1,783 subjects, healthy @entity1 17 to 38 years of age with menstrual cycle characteristics considered to be within the normal range. The @entity20169 / @entity2082 preparation was taken for up to 24 cycles. Follow-up information was collected 3 to 4 months post-treatment. Bleeding pattern analyses were based on 27,970 valid cycles. Normal cyclic @entity548 patterns were experienced by most of the @entity1 during the study; only minimal and statistically and clinically insignificant variations in @entity1866 , @entity1834 , and @entity3010 occurred. There was a low incidence of failed @entity548 in single cycles (less than 1.0% after cycle 6). There were no cases of @entity2588 , defined as two consecutive cycles of missed withdrawal flow. The incidence of @entity1867 or spotting was highest during the initial treatment cycles and diminished with continued use of the formulation. The mean incidence of @entity1867 was 2.36% in cycles 13 to 24. Apart from somewhat higher initial percentages among @entity1 new to oral contraception, the pattern of midcycle @entity548 or spotting was similar to that of all @entity1 studied. Effective long-term cycle control was demonstrated in @entity1 who used this OC agent.

title: Cycle control with triphasic XXXX and @entity2082 , a new oral contraceptive agent.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity20169 :: ('MESH:C017576', 'Chemical') :: ['norgestimate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'withdrawal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual flow']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual tension']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

answer: @entity20169 :: (MESH:C017576,Chemical) :: ['norgestimate']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 with @entity8019 ( @entity8019 ) was scheduled for pump system insertion of intrathecal @entity1772 therapy under general anesthesia. @entity8019 , a rare @entity74 , is associated with a total body increase in long chain @entity1718 caused by defective degradation, and includes @entity3002 , @entity425 , in addition to @entity1887 . He had @entity1159 of the both legs, and @entity425 of the left hand, and Mallampati class III, but no @entity1576 . In the operating room, we administered @entity701 100 mg for @entity479 coverage, and low-dose @entity1363 , and @entity3575 . As spontaneous breathing remained, we could easily see @entity2582 and arytenoid cartilage by McGRATH. Therefore we selected rapid-induction of anesthesia with thiamylal, and @entity2898 40 mg, under cricoid pressure. We avoided @entity1875 . Anesthsia was maintained with @entity2614 and @entity1937 , monitoring BIS and train of four. No more @entity2898 was administered, and anesthesia was uneventful. Intrathecal @entity1772 therapy is given to @entity1 who have severe @entity1159 . When we selected general anesthesia, we should be aware of the possibility of @entity425 , and cannot intubate cannot ventilate scenario.

title: [Anesthetic Management of an @entity8019 @entity1 for Intrathecal XXXX Therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['various nervous system abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disability']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy', 'ALD']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['Baclofen']


abstract: @entity3 is a major obstacle that must be overcome for the successful treatment of @entity2 . Proteins secreted by @entity5 cells may facilitate the progression of @entity3 , particularly within the phases of migration and invasion. To discover @entity3 -promoting secretory proteins within @entity5 cells, we used the label-free quantitative proteomics approach and compared the secretomes from the @entity2220 cell lines CL1-0 and CL1-5, which exhibit low and high metastatic properties, respectively. By employing quantitative analyses, we identified 660 proteins, 68 of which were considered to be expressed at different levels between the two cell lines. High levels of @entity6417 were secreted by CL1-5, and the roles of @entity6417 in the influence of @entity2220 @entity3 were investigated. Molecular and pathological confirmation demonstrated that altered expression of @entity6417 correlates with the metastatic @entity2220 . The migration and invasion properties of CL1-5 cells were significantly diminished by reducing the expression and secretion of their @entity6417 proteins. Conversely, the migration and invasion properties of CL1-0 cells were significantly increased through the overexpression and secretion of @entity6417 proteins. Furthermore, the assembly levels of the @entity3 -promoting pericellular fibronectin ( @entity8946 ), which facilitates colonization of lung capillary endothelia by adhering to the cell surface receptor @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ), were higher on the surfaces of suspended CL1-5 cells than on those of the CL1-0 cells. This discovery reflects previous findings in @entity0 . In line with this finding, @entity8946 assembly and the lung colonization of suspended CL1-5 cells were inhibited when endogenous @entity6417 protein was knocked down using siRNA. The major thrust of this study is to demonstrate the effects of coupling the label-free proteomics strategy with the secretomes of @entity5 cells that differentially exhibit invasive and metastatic properties. This provides a new opportunity for the effective identification of @entity3 -associated proteins that are secreted by @entity5 cells and promote experimental @entity3 .

title: Secretomic analysis identifies @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ) as a required protein in XXXX cell migration, invasion, and pericellular fibronectin assembly for facilitating lung colonization of @entity2220 cells.

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['DPP IV', 'dipeptidyl peptidase IV']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['potential of lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a 62-dose, four-drug, 6-month, and directly observed regimen for treatment of @entity1907 . DESIGN: An open, nonblinded clinical trial, with intended follow-up of @entity1 for 36 months after the completion of therapy. SETTING: A metropolitan @entity378 clinic in a public health department. @entity1 : From March 1981 through April 1989, we enrolled 160 @entity1 with suspected or known @entity378 ; 35 of these @entity1 were excluded from the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3639 were administered daily for 2 weeks; these drugs were then given in higher doses twice weekly for 6 weeks, followed by @entity3109 and @entity1215 twice weekly for 6 weeks, followed by @entity3109 and @entity1215 twice weekly for 18 weeks. A total of 62 doses were administered, and all therapy was directly observed by a nurse or an outreach worker. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 125 evaluable @entity1 , 101 (81%) had @entity1907 , 7 (6%) had both pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement, and 17 (13%) had extrapulmonary disease only. Seventy-one (57%) @entity1 had a history of recent alcoholism. There were two relapses (1.6% +/- 2.2%), occurring 6 and 56 months after the completion of therapy. The time at which sputum samples became culture negative in pulmonary @entity1 ranged from 1 to 19 weeks (median, 4.6 weeks); 40% +/- 9.6% of @entity1 were culture-negative after 4 weeks of therapy, 75% +/- 8.5% after 8 weeks, 94% +/- 4.7% after 12 weeks, 97% +/- 3.3% after 16 weeks, and 100% after 20 weeks. Adverse drug reactions included @entity5052 (greater than 178 mumol/L [3 mg/dL] above normal) secondary to @entity5585 in 80 @entity1 (64%), twofold or greater elevations of @entity492 aminotransferase in 21 @entity1 (17%), 1.5-fold or greater elevations of alkaline phosphatase in 33 @entity1 (27%), @entity854 in 8 @entity1 (6%), @entity390 in five @entity1 (4%), and dizziness in 1 @entity1 (1%). CONCLUSIONS: This 62-dose, largely twice-weekly @entity378 treatment regimen is efficacious and relatively nontoxic and is especially useful for @entity1 in whom directly observed therapy is indicated.

title: A 62-dose, 6-month therapy for XXXX . A twice-weekly, directly observed, and cost-effective regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoniazid', 'isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM: To study if @entity8 is associated with increased risk of peri- @entity1188 @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in @entity1 with preserved ejection fraction (EF). METHODS: @entity1 with occluded @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) between 1 to 28 d after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were grouped into @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Rates of early @entity583 were compared among eGFR groups. Logistic regression was used to explore independent predictors of @entity712 . RESULTS: Reduced eGFR was present in 71.1% of 2160 @entity1 , with significant @entity8 (eGFR < 60 mL/min every 1.73 m(2)) in 14.8%. The prevalence of @entity712 was higher with worsening renal function: 15.5%, 17.8% and 29.4% in @entity1 with @entity740 stages 1, 2 and 3 or 4, respectively (P < 0.0001), despite a small absolute difference in mean EF across eGFR groups: 48.2    10.0, 47.9    11.3 and 46.2    12.1, respectively (P = 0.02). The prevalence of @entity712 was again higher with worsening renal function among @entity1 with preserved EF: 10.1%, 13.6% and 23.6% (P < 0.0001), but this relationship was not significant among @entity1 with @entity308 EF: 27.1%, 26.2% and 37.9% (P = 0.071). Moreover, eGFR was an independent correlate of @entity712 in @entity1 with preserved EF (P = 0.003) but not in @entity1 with @entity308 EF (P = 0.181). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of @entity583 @entity1 with occluded @entity1188 have @entity8 . @entity8 was associated with an increased rate of early @entity583 , the association being strongest in @entity1 with preserved EF. These findings have implications for management of peri- @entity1188 @entity712 .

title: XXXX and @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction early post- @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired renal function', 'renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IRAs', 'infarct-related arteries', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'post-MI HF', 'MI']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal impairment']


abstract: The radiation-induced bystander effect is a well-established phenomenon which results in damage in non-irradiated cells in response to signaling from irradiated cells. Since communication between irradiated and bystander cells could be reciprocal, we examined the mutual bystander response between irradiated cells and co-cultured with them non-irradiated recipients. Using a transwell culture system, irradiated @entity1 @entity320 (Me45) cells were co-cultured with non-irradiated Me45 cells or normal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and vice versa. The frequency of micronuclei and of apoptosis, ROS level, and mitochondrial membrane potential were used as the endpoints. Irradiated Me45 and NHDF cells induced conventional bystander effects detected as modest increases of the frequency of micronuclei and apoptosis in both recipient neighbors; the increase of apoptosis was especially high in NHDF cells co-cultured with irradiated Me45 cells. However, the frequencies of micronuclei and apoptosis in irradiated Me45 cells co-cultured with NHDF cells were significantly reduced in comparison with those cultured alone. This protective effect was not observed when irradiated @entity320 were co-cultured with non-irradiated cells of the same line, or when irradiated NHDF fibroblasts were co-cultured with bystander @entity320 . The increase of micronuclei and apoptosis in irradiated Me45 cells was paralleled by an increase in the level of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), which was reduced significantly when they were co-cultured for 24h with NHDF cells. A small but significant elevation of ROS level in NHDF cells shortly after irradiation was also reduced by co-culture with non-irradiated NHDF cells. We propose that in response to signals from irradiated cells, non-irradiated NHDF cells trigger rescue signals, whose nature remains to be elucidated, which modify the redox status in irradiated cells. This inverse bystander effect may potentially have implications in clinical radiotherapy.

title: Bystander normal XXXX fibroblasts reduce damage response in radiation targeted cancer cells through intercellular ROS level modulation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4986 social gliding motility, which is powered by type IV pili, requires the presence of exopolysaccharides (EPS) on the cell surface. The Dif chemosensory system is essential for the regulation of EPS production. It was demonstrated previously that DifA ( @entity5498 -accepting chemotaxis protein [MCP]-like), DifC (CheW-like), and DifE (CheA-like) stimulate whereas DifD (CheY-like) and DifG (CheC-like) inhibit EPS production. DifD was found not to function downstream of DifE in EPS regulation, as a difD difE double mutant phenocopied the difE single mutant. It has been proposed that DifA, DifC, and DifE form a ternary signaling complex that positively regulates EPS production through the kinase activity of DifE. DifD was proposed as a @entity1391 sink of phosphorylated DifE (DifE approximately P), while DifG would augment the function of DifD as a phosphatase of phosphorylated DifD (DifD approximately P). Here we report in vitro phosphorylation studies with all the Dif chemosensory proteins that were expressed and purified from @entity526 . DifE was demonstrated to be an autokinase. Consistent with the formation of a DifA-DifC-DifE complex, DifA and DifC together, but not individually, were found to influence DifE autophosphorylation. DifD, which did not inhibit DifE autophosphorylation directly, was found to accept @entity1391 from autophosphorylated DifE. While DifD approximately P has an unusually long half-life for dephosphorylation in vitro, DifG efficiently dephosphorylated DifD approximately P as a phosphatase. These results support a model where DifE complexes with DifA and DifC to regulate EPS production through phosphorylation of a downstream target, while DifD and DifG function synergistically to divert @entity6546 away from DifE approximately P.

title: Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation among Dif chemosensory proteins essential for exopolysaccharide regulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity4986 :: ('34', 'Species') :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4986 :: (34,Species) :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate the impact of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) on health care utilization. RESEARCH DESIGN: Using the 2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a population-based survey of Medicare beneficiaries linked to Medicare claims, we selected a national cohort of community-dwelling @entity1 aged 65 and older with knee @entity571 and a sex- and age-matched comparison cohort without any form of @entity571 . We distinguished following 4 components of health care utilization: physician ( @entity601 ) office visits, @entity601 , inpatient hospital stays, and emergency department visits. We built multiple regression models to determine whether knee @entity571 affects utilization, controlling for comorbidity count, @entity28 , functional limitation, education, race, and working status. RESULTS: A total of 545 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey @entity1 with knee @entity571 were matched with 1090 @entity571 -free individuals. Mean age in both cohorts was 76 years; approximately 70% were female. Knee @entity571 and @entity571 -free subjects differed significantly in @entity28 (Knee @entity571 : 37%, @entity571 -free: 20%), % with >or=2 comorbidities (Knee @entity571 : 69%, @entity571 -free: 43%), and functional limitation (Knee @entity571 : 42%, @entity571 -free: 26%). In multivariable regression models, the knee @entity571 cohort had on average 6.0 more @entity601 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7, 7.4) and 3.8 more @entity601 (95% CI: 2.8, 4.7) than the @entity571 -free cohort. The knee @entity571 cohort also had 28% more hospital stays (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6), a difference attributable to total joint replacements. CONCLUSIONS: This first national, population-based study of health care utilization in @entity1 with knee @entity571 documents considerable excess utilization attributable to knee @entity571 , independent of comorbidity, and other @entity1 characteristics.

title: Impact of XXXX on health care resource utilization in a US population-based national sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['non-MD office visits', 'MD', 'non-MD visits', 'annual MD visits']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic surgery in @entity1 affected by @entity12127 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective database was established in 1998 at our department to evaluate the results of laparoscopic treatment for @entity66 . Contraindications to laparoscopic approach were: intestinal obstruction, @entity298 , previuos major abdominal operations, presence of abdominal mass. Parameters evaluated were: indications to operation, age, sex, weight, type of operation, associated operations, operation time, conversion rate, mortality, post-operative complications, postoperative hospital stay, return to normal bowel function, time of removing nasogastric tube and time of restarting oral feeding. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2005, 109 @entity1 operated for @entity66 were registered. The operation was performed in 17 cases (15.5%) with open technique, in 20 cases (18.5%) throught video-assisted approach with extracorporeal @entity254 and in 72 cases (66%) with laparoscopic approach making intracorporeal @entity254 . The conversion rate was 10.8%. Mortality was 0%. In videolaparoscopic group mean operating time was 177 minutes, major complications were 4 (6.3%), minor complications were 6 (9.5%) and mean hospital stay was 7.8 days. In videoassisted group minor operation time was 158 minutes, complications were 9 (47.3%) and mean hospital stay was 10.1 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approach to @entity66 of the colon is, in selected cases, a safe, feasible and effective procedure.

title: [Laparoscopy in XXXX with @entity12127 . Results of a prospectic data base].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['faecal peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity354 causes @entity355 , an abnormal esophageal mucosa predisposed to @entity420 . Medical therapy for @entity354 focuses on decreasing gastric acid production with proton pump inhibitors. We have reported that @entity354 in a @entity35 model develops from a cytokine-mediated inflammatory injury, not from a caustic chemical (acid) injury. In this model, refluxed acid and bile stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines from esophageal squamous cells, recruiting lymphocytes first to the submucosa and later to the luminal surface. Emerging studies on @entity354 in @entity1 support this new concept, suggesting that reflux-induced cytokine release may be a future target for medical therapies. Sometimes, @entity354 heals with @entity355 , a process facilitated by reflux-related @entity842 (NO) production and Sonic Hedgehog (Hh) secretion by squamous cells. We have shown that NO reduces expression of genes that promote a squamous cell phenotype, while Hh signaling induces genes that mediate the development of the columnar cell phenotypes of @entity355 . Agents targeting esophageal NO production or Hh signaling conceivably could prevent the development of @entity355 . Persistent reflux promotes @entity5 in @entity355 . We have reported that acid and @entity3645 induce DNA damage in Barrett's cells. @entity3645 also cause NF-x03BA;B activation in Barrett's cells, enabling them to resist apoptosis in the setting of DNA damage and likely contributing to @entity105 . Oral treatment with @entity10055 prevents the esophageal DNA damage and NF-x03BA;B activation induced by toxic @entity3645 . Altering @entity6741 composition might be another approach to @entity5 prevention.

title: From @entity354 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['acute reflux esophagitis', 'reflux esophagitis', 'Reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts', 'bile acids', 'Bile salts']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2741 is a common complication in renal transplant recipients and has been associated with @entity11604 and poor graft outcome. The performance of total @entity460 (tCa) in the diagnosis of blood @entity460 disturbances in renal transplant recipients is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: We compared the ability of total tCa concentration to identify low, normal, or high ionized @entity460 (iCa) concentration, i.e., the gold standard, in an unselected cohort of 268 renal transplant recipients. All @entity1 were studied 3 and 12 months after successful engraftment. RESULTS: @entity2741 , defined as a iCa >1.29 mmol/L, was present in 58.6 and 44.8% of the @entity1 at months 3 and 12, respectively. tCa concentrations >10.3 mg/dl, conversely, were observed in only 13.1% of the @entity1 . Measuring tCa had a low sensitivity (20.3 and 24.2% at months 3 and 12, respectively) for the diagnosis of @entity2741 . The agreement (k coefficient [95% confidence interval]) between tCa concentrations and iCa was poor (month 3: 0.11 [0.05 to 0.17]; month 12: 0.20 [0.11 to 0.30]). The risk for underestimating iCa was increased by a low total @entity3157 concentration. @entity520 was observed in 48.1 and 37.3% of the @entity1 at months 3 and 12, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Total @entity460 greatly underestimates the diagnosis of @entity2741 in incident renal transplant recipients. This is mainly explained by the high prevalence of @entity520 in these @entity1 .

title: Measuring total blood XXXX displays a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity2741 in incident renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis', 'Metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined preoperative factors that could predict successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction in @entity1 with @entity3893 and nonmosaic @entity252 . We also analyzed the influence of preoperative hormonal therapy on the sperm retrieval rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 91 microdissection testicular sperm extraction attempts were done in 68 @entity1 with nonmosaic @entity252 . Men with serum @entity251 less than 300 ng/dl received medical therapy with aromatase inhibitors, @entity4082 or @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin before microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Preoperative factors of @entity1 age and endocrinological data were compared in those in whom the procedure was and was not successful. The sperm retrieval rate was the main outcome. Clinical pregnancy (pregnancy with heartbeat) and the live birth rate were also calculated. RESULTS: Testicular spermatozoa were successfully retrieved in 45 @entity1 (66%), representing 62 (68%) attempts. Increasing male age was associated with a trend toward a lower sperm retrieval rate (p = 0.05). The various types of preoperative hormonal therapies did not have different sperm retrieval rates but @entity1 with normal baseline @entity251 had the best sperm retrieval rate of 86%. @entity1 who required medical therapy and responded to that treatment with a resultant @entity251 of 250 ng/dl or higher had a higher sperm retrieval rate than @entity1 in whom posttreatment @entity251 was less than 250 ng/dl (77% vs 55%). For in vitro fertilization attempts in which sperm were retrieved the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were 57% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction is an effective sperm retrieval technique in @entity1 with @entity252 . @entity1 with @entity6126 who respond to medical therapy may have a better chance of sperm retrieval.

title: Successful fertility treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few studies have compared two or more cohorts of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted for upper @entity360 (UGIB) several decades apart. Our aim was to compare epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of UGIB (whatever the source) in two cohorts of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted to the emergency room of the same general hospital 2 decades apart. METHODS: One-hundred cases of UGIB in cirrhotic @entity1 consecutively admitted between 1984 and 1990 (cohort A) were compared with 100 similar cases admitted between 2004 and 2009 (cohort B). RESULTS: The sex ratio (M/F: 2/1), mean age (approximately 55Y) and the proportion of @entity1 with @entity7160 (approximately 80%) did not change. Mean @entity1 -Pugh score and the proportion of @entity1 in @entity1 -Pugh stage C increased from 7.6 and 19% in cohort A to 8.8 and 35% in cohort B (p < 0.001). Therapeutic intervention was performed during initial endoscopy in 13 cases from cohort A and 50 from cohort B (p < 0.001), respectively. The number of transfused @entity1 (85 in cohort A, 58 in cohort B) and the number of red blood cell units administered on the first day (median: 4 in cohort A, 2 in cohort B) were significantly decreased in cohort B (p < 0.001). The rate of rebleeding (45 in cohort A, 11 in cohort B), the need for rescue surgery (8 in cohort A, 0 in cohort B) and the in-hospital mortality (24 in cohort A, 9 in cohort B) significantly decreased in the more recent cohort (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that several characteristics of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted with UGIB have changed over the past 2 decades. Above all, outcome has improved despite an increase in the severity of @entity82 .

title: @entity360 in XXXX : changes and advances over the past two decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates might modulate the development of symptomatic bone metastases in @entity1 with @entity263 . The Medical Research Council (MRC) PR05 and PR04 randomised controlled trials assessed the use of @entity19160 , an oral, first-generation bisphosphonate. We report the final analyses of long-term survival data with additional follow-up in both trials. METHODS: 311 @entity1 with @entity3 were recruited to PR05 between 1994 and 1998, and 508 @entity1 with non- @entity3 were recruited to PR04 from 1994 to 1997. All @entity1 were treated according to the recruiting site's standard practice at the time: for @entity3 , all @entity1 were starting or responding to long-term hormone therapy; for non- @entity3 , most @entity1 had radiotherapy, hormone therapy, or both. @entity1 were randomly assigned to take four tablets per day of @entity19160 (2080 mg) or matching placebo for up to 3 years ( @entity3 ) or 5 years (non-metastatic). Long-term overall survival was assessed on an intention-to-treat basis in all @entity1 at sites in England and Wales using data from the National Health Service Information Centre, which held data for 278 of 311 @entity1 in the PR05 trial and 471 of 508 @entity1 in the PR04 trial. These studies are registered International Standardised Randomised Controlled Trials, numbers ISRCTN38477744 (PR05) and ISRCTN61384873 (PR04). FINDINGS: Of the 278 @entity1 with @entity3 , 258 (93%) were reported to have died. Evidence of a benefit for those with @entity3 from use of @entity19160 compared with placebo was seen in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98; p=0.032). Of the 471 @entity1 with non- @entity3 , 281 (60%) were reported to have died, with no evidence of improvement in overall survival with @entity19160 compared with placebo (HR 1.12, 0.89-1.42; p=0.94). INTERPRETATION: Long-term data from these trials show that a first-generation bisphosphonate, @entity19160 , improves overall survival in @entity1 with @entity263 who are starting hormone therapy, but there is no evidence of an effect in @entity1 with non- @entity263 . FUNDING: UK MRC; and an education grant and free drug from Roche Products Ltd.

title: Adjuvant therapy with oral XXXX in locally advanced and @entity263 : long-term overall survival results from the MRC PR04 and PR05 randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium clodronate', 'clodronate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity19160 :: (MESH:D004002,Chemical) :: ['sodium clodronate']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of covered retrievable @entity5648 stents in @entity5 @entity1 with airway involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under fluoroscopic guidance, covered retrievable @entity5648 airway stents were placed in 23 @entity5 @entity1 with airway stricture and/or oesophagorespiratory fistula ( @entity19578 ) over a long period of 12 years. Six @entity1 only had aspiration by @entity19578 and three @entity1 had both airway stricture and asymptomatic @entity19578 . Technical aspects, dyspnoea improvement, and/or resolution of @entity19578 symptoms, complications, reinterventions, and survival data were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 27 airway stents (14 tracheal, 11 bronchial, and two hinged) were placed successfully in 23 @entity1 with airway stricture or @entity19578 . Dyspnoea score decreased significantly after stent placement (p<0.001). @entity19578 were sealed off in all nine @entity1 . Complications included stent migration or expectoration (n=4), haemoptysis (n=2), sputum retention (n=7), and @entity5 overgrowth (n=1). All three migrated stents were easily removed. Twenty-one @entity1 died, with the median survival period of 76 days (range 2-197 days). CONCLUSION: Placement of covered retrievable expandable @entity5648 stents was safe and effective for the palliative treatment of airway strictures and/or @entity19578 , with a reasonable range of complications, in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Management of airway involvement of XXXX using covered retrievable @entity5648 stents.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine sebum from the face ofpatients with persisting @entity272 to investigate the cause of pathologic changes. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 39 skin scrapings containing sebum obtained from the face of @entity1 who presented with persisting @entity272 . Samples were taken from forehead, chin, cheeks, nose and lesions of facial skin. They were mixed with a drop of oil to dissolve the sebum and were covered with a cover glass. The specimens were labeled according to the part of the face from which were taken. Then the glass slides were placed immediately under the microscope and the obtained material was carefully examined using 20-40x magnification. RESULTS: Demodex mites were detected in 23 @entity1 . Their skin scrapings revealed degenerated and dead cells, fat and slowly moving, tiny demodex mites. The chin, nose and the forehead were the preferred facial areas. A large number of mites were seen in skin scrapings from 5 @entity1 aged 65-82 years. CONCLUSION: Infestation of demodex mites on the skin, combined with a weakened immune system, can cause various therapy-resistant @entity272 . Demodecosis should be taken into consideration, and its investigation is quite simple, although it remains a therapeutic challenge.

title: Cytologic detection of Demodex folliculorum in cases with persisting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the surgical outcomes of @entity1 undergoing orbital @entity174 repair without periosteal or conjunctival closure. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. @entity1 : Eighty-two @entity1 (85 eyes) who underwent transconjunctival repair of isolated floor (n = 38) or complex orbital @entity174 (n = 47) without conjunctival closure. METHODS: A transconjunctival incision below the tarsus provides preseptal access to the inferior orbital rim, after which the periosteum is incised for exploration and repair of orbital floor @entity174 . Forced ductions are performed after release of entrapped tissue and placement of an orbital floor implant, and the conjunctiva is reapproximated with forceps and draped into the inferior fornix. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of @entity260 , including orbital implant exposure, @entity281 , and migration. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed for an average of 318 days postoperatively (range 82-978 days). One @entity1 experienced a @entity2276 at the conjunctival incision that resolved with steroid drops. Other complications included lateral canthal @entity10244 or @entity2276 at the lateral canthotomy site, when used. There were no cases of postoperative implant exposure, @entity281 , or migration. CONCLUSIONS: Forgoing closure of the periorbita and conjunctiva after transconjunctival orbital floor and rim @entity174 repair is associated with a low incidence of @entity260 . This technique is applicable in the repair of both isolated floor @entity174 and @entity8924 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any material discussed in this article.

title: "Sutureless" repair of orbital floor and rim XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['complex orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic granuloma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Progressive asymptomatic @entity2554 can occur following @entity583 and severe @entity67 is often present by the time clinical @entity712 occurs. In a randomized, double-blind trial, the effects of @entity3371 25 mg tid, @entity1483 40 mg daily and placebo were studied in 90 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity1002 (ejection fraction less than 45%) 1 week following Q wave @entity583 . Left ventricular volumes and function were assessed at intervals during the subsequent year using two-dimensional echocardiography. The @entity1483 and placebo groups showed significant increases in ventricular volumes with @entity64 volume index unchanged and ejection fraction slightly reduced, whereas the @entity3371 group showed a significant reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume index with @entity64 volume index and ejection fraction increased. At 12 months the difference in the change in ejection fraction from baseline between the @entity3371 and @entity1483 groups was 10.5% and @entity3371 and placebo groups 9.6% (both P less than 0.0001). There was a significant difference in occurrence of clinical @entity712 in the placebo group compared with the other groups (P less than 0.05). Blood pressure increased significantly within the normal range in the placebo and @entity1483 groups whereas there was essentially no change from baseline in the @entity3371 group. There was no significant correlation between baseline left ventricular volumes and function and subsequent change, and anterior and inferior @entity1188 subgroups showed similar responses within the treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity3371 improves asymptomatic @entity67 and prevents clinical @entity712 during the year following @entity583 . @entity1483 may also prevent clinical @entity712 but not progressive @entity2554 .

title: Preventive treatment of asymptomatic XXXX following @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide', 'Frusemide']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a critical role in endochondral ossification through @entity32891 ( @entity32891 ), a natriuretic peptide receptor subtype. Cartilage-specific overexpression of CNP enhances skeletal growth and rescues the dwarfism in a transgenic @entity5884 model with constitutive active mutation of @entity10825 . For future clinical application, the efficacy of CNP administration on skeletal growth must be evaluated. Due to the high clearance of CNP, maintaining a high concentration is technically difficult. However, to model high blood CNP concentration, we established a liver-targeted CNP-overexpressing transgenic @entity19 (SAP-CNP tgm). SAP-CNP tgm exhibited skeletal overgrowth in proportion to the blood CNP concentration and revealed phenotypes of systemic stimulation of cartilage bones, including limbs, paws, costal bones, spine, and skull. Furthermore, in SAP-CNP tgm, the size of the foramen magnum, the insufficient formation of which results in cervico-medullary compression in @entity5884 , also showed significant increase. CNP primarily activates @entity32891 , but under high concentrations it cross-reacts with @entity28554 ( @entity28554 ), a natriuretic peptide receptor subtype of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP). Although activation of @entity28554 could alter cardiovascular homeostasis, leading to @entity551 and heart weight reduction, the skeletal overgrowth phenotype in the line of SAP-CNP tgm with mild overexpression of CNP did not accompany decrease of systolic blood pressure or heart weight. These results suggest that CNP administration stimulates skeletal growth without adverse cardiovascular effect, and thus CNP could be a promising @entity5884 .

title: Chronically elevated plasma C-type natriuretic peptide level stimulates skeletal growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['achondroplasia', 'remedy targeting achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity10825 :: ('14184(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor-3']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia @entity616 ( @entity13193 ) compared to anterior transversus abdominis @entity616 (TAP-A) for post-operative @entity1337 in outpatient @entity169 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted on ASA I-II @entity1 . Two groups ( @entity35968 ), which were given 30ml of 0.25% @entity1343 prior to @entity954 . The primary endpoint was the post-operative @entity158 evaluated by verbal numerical scale (VRN at rest and movement) at 10, 30, 60, 90min, coinciding with ambulation, and 24hours by telephone. An evaluation was also made of the sensory block level reached prior to surgery, the need for additional @entity1337 , side effects, ease of performing the technique, and the level of satisfaction of @entity1 with the anaesthetic-analgesic technique. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity1 were included, 30 @entity1 in the TAP-A group and 31 in the @entity13193 group. The analgesic efficacy obtained in both groups was similar, although some higher values were found in the VNR on moving in the TAP-A group, reaching statistical difference at 10minutes (P=.014) and 30minutes (P=.013) post-operatively. A higher level of sensory block was achieved in the @entity13193 group than in the TAP-A group (P<.01). There were no significant differences in additional @entity1337 requirements, and the cumulative dose of @entity1286 was similar in both groups in the post-operative period. There were no differences in side effects or complications. The technical ease of the block was similar in both groups and the level of satisfaction of @entity1 very high. CONCLUSIONS: Both blocks with a multimodal approach achieve good post-operative @entity1337 of @entity169 , are easy to perform and have few complications. @entity13193 achieves the highest sensory level, but there are no differences in the requirements for additional @entity1337 .

title: Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia @entity616 versus anterior transversus abdominis XXXX in outpatient @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plane block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plane block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopic surveillance provides the best practical means for preventing @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 . Strong evidence for improved survival from surveillance programmes is sparse. METHOD: The aim of this study was to compare @entity5 stage and survival of @entity29 @entity1 with @entity14 who were a part of a surveillance programme with those who were not. A nationwide pathology database (PALGA (pathologisch anatomisch landelijk geautomatiseerd archief)) was consulted to identify @entity29 @entity1 with @entity14 treated in all eight university hospitals in The Netherlands over a period of 15 years. @entity1 were assigned to the surveillance group when they had undergone one or more surveillance colonoscopies before a diagnosis of @entity14 . @entity1 who had not undergone surveillance served as controls. @entity5 stage and survival were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 149 @entity1 with @entity29 -associated @entity14 were identified. Twenty-three had had colonoscopic surveillance before @entity14 was discovered. The 5-year @entity14 -related survival rate of @entity1 in the surveillance group was 100% compared with 74% in the non-surveillance group (P=0.042). In the surveillance group, only one @entity1 died as a consequence of @entity14 compared with 29 @entity1 in the control group (P=0.047). In addition, more @entity5 stages were found in the surveillance group (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for improved survival from colonoscopic surveillance in @entity29 @entity1 by detecting @entity14 at a more favourable @entity5 stage.

title: Colonoscopic surveillance improves survival after XXXX diagnosis in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'early tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Candida biofilms with reduced susceptibility to conventional antifungals are sensitive to lipid formulations of @entity2379 ( @entity237 ). We examined the effect of the liposomal @entity237 formulation, AmBisome, and free @entity237 on the adherence of @entity5132 to @entity2622 and @entity8989 oral @entity957 cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: HeLa and @entity8989 cells were incubated with three oral isolates of @entity5132 either in the presence of AmBisome or @entity237 , or pre-incubated with @entity375 and subsequently exposed to the drug. The effect of the drugs on the viability of HeLa and @entity8989 cells was determined by an Alamar Blue assay. RESULTS: Following a 1-h incubation in the presence of AmBisome, at 1-256 microg/ml, the adherence of @entity5132 to HeLa and @entity8989 cells was reduced considerably. For example at 16 microg/ml, adherence was diminished by approximately 66% in HeLa and by approximately 36% in @entity8989 cells. The susceptibility of cell-associated Candida to antifungals was decreased markedly. The reduction in adherence was between 3.3 and 13.7%, when compared to the drug-free controls. AmBisome was not toxic in the range 1-256 microg/ml, while free @entity237 was not toxic at 1 and 4 microg/ml to HeLa cells and at 1, 4 and 16 microg/ml to @entity8989 cells. CONCLUSIONS: AmBisome inhibited candidal attachment when present during the "adherence phase" but did not cause detachment of cell-associated @entity375 . The effect of AmBisome on candidal adherence to @entity8989 cells was less inhibitory than that observed with HeLa cells. Candidal adherence to epithelial cells is significantly reduced when antifungal polyenes are present during the "adherence phase", while cell-associated Candida is resistant to antifungals in terms of adherence.

title: AmBisome and @entity2379 inhibit the initial adherence of @entity5132 to human epithelial cell lines, but do not cause XXXX detachment.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['HeLa cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3875 is a potent regulator of cell growth, differentiation and @entity204 , @entity5 invasion, and angiogenesis. Production of @entity1495 and @entity1550 by @entity5 cells may promote @entity5 growth, invasion and @entity3 . AIM: To investigate whether @entity2116 could suppress the expression of @entity1495 and @entity1550 in a @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) cell line (DJM cells), and to examine the mechanism of modulation of @entity1495 and @entity1550 by @entity2116 in DJM cells treated with @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 . METHODS: Protein and mRNA levels of @entity1495 and @entity1550 were examined by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Activation of signalling cascades was assessed using several inhibitors of signalling molecules and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Production of @entity1495 and @entity1550 markedly increased when the cells were treated with @entity310 . @entity2116 suppressed the production of @entity1495 and @entity1550 mRNA and proteins significantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of @entity1495 by @entity310 was suppressed by an @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) inhibitor but not by a @entity3963 inhibitor, whereas induction of @entity1550 was inhibited by a @entity3963 inhibitor but not by an @entity3963 inhibitor. @entity2116 inhibited the phosphorylation of both @entity3963 and @entity3963 , as shown by western blotting. CONCLUSION: @entity2116 reduces @entity1495 and @entity1550 production through inhibiting the phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity3963 , respectively.

title: Suppressive effect of XXXX on the induction of @entity1495 and @entity1550 in a @entity1 @entity957 cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol', 'Calcipotriol']

answer: @entity2116 :: (MESH:C055085,Chemical) :: ['calcipotriol']