abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper reports on the status of @entity1132 digestion during early and late pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum in an African-American population. The hypothesis is that @entity1132 digestion and milk tolerance do not change throughout pregnancy and do not differ from those of non-pregnant African-American @entity1 . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: This longitudinal study determined @entity1132 digestion after ingesting 240 ml of 1% fat milk containing 12 g of @entity1132 at: (1) early pregnancy, prior to 16 weeks (n=148); (2) late pregnancy, 30-35 weeks (n=77); and (3) 8 weeks postpartum (n=93). One hundred and one comparably matched non-pregnant African-American @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1132 digestion, as measured by breath @entity3884 , was 80.2% in the control @entity1 , 66.2% in early pregnancy, 68.8% in late pregnancy and 75.3% postpartum. The prevalence of @entity1 reporting symptoms was approximately 20% regardless of @entity1132 absorption status. However, the control @entity1 reported significantly more symptoms than did the pregnant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is no significant change in @entity1132 digestion during pregnancy. The prevalence of @entity1132 intolerance for the pregnant African-American @entity1 studied is similar to that for non-pregnant African-American @entity1 and similar to previous prevalence reports in adult African-Americans. There was no change in the tolerance of @entity1132 noted during pregnancy in these @entity1 . There were, however, fewer symptoms reported by the @entity1132 -maldigesting pregnant @entity1 .

title: XXXX digestion in pregnant African-Americans.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['Lactose']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current role of tubal reconstructive surgery in the era of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). RECENT FINDINGS: After tubal reconstructive surgery, couples may have unlimited attempts to conceive naturally. Operative risks are low; the risk for ectopic pregnancy after surgery is 4-10%. ART is associated with a number of potential complications: severe @entity43 (0.25-2%), @entity2099 (up to 25%), a higher rate of major @entity600 and @entity2209 , and ectopic pregnancy (1-13%). Birth rates following ART differ between 19 and 35%, depending on different laws governing the fertilization of a limited number of oocytes and the number of embryos transferred. Resterilization is a main indication for microsurgery with resulting pregnancy rates up to 84%. Salpingostomy and dense adhesiolysis have the lowest success rates (term pregnancy rates: 3-65%). Proximal @entity5274 can be successfully treated by tubocornual @entity254 . Hydrosalpinges should be removed prior to in-vitro fertilization if they cannot be reconstructed. ART is recommended for @entity1 older than 37-38 years, for @entity1 with severe tubal pathology, after repeated ectopic pregnancies, and in case of @entity4810 . SUMMARY: Tubal reconstructive surgery still plays a role in @entity249 treatment. ART has not replaced microsurgery routinely as first-line treatment for @entity249 .

title: Is there still a role for reconstructive microsurgery in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infertility', 'infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tubal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['tubal infertility']


abstract: The increasing resistance of @entity3964 falciparum to antimalarial monotherapy (MT) has created an urgent need for the evaluation of alternative effective, safe, cheap, readily available and affordable, combination treatments (CT) with antimalarial drugs. In the present study, the efficacies of @entity503 (CQ) or @entity16944 (AQ) in the oral treatment of acute, symptomatic, uncomplicated, @entity3964 @entity311 were compared with those of oral treatments with the combination of CQ or AQ with @entity4765 - @entity9230 (PS). The CQ and AQ were each given at a dose of 10 mg/kg.day for 3 days (days 0, 1 and 2), with or without PS given as a single dose (25 mg @entity9230 /kg) at presentation (day 0). Overall, 303 @entity1 aged 0.5-10 years (74 given CQ, 82 AQ, 72 CQPS and 75 AQPS) were evaluated. The fever-clearance time (FCT) was significantly shorter in those treated with AQPS than in those treated with CQ or CQPS. The proportions of @entity1 with complete clearance of their parasitaemias on days 1 and 2 were significantly larger and the @entity4801 ( @entity4801 ) were all significantly shorter with the drug combinations than with their corresponding MT. For example, the mean (S.D.) @entity4801 were 2.6 (0.8) days for CQ v. 2.1 (0.8) days for CQPS (P=0.0002), and 2.6 (0.7) days for AQ v. 2.1 (0.7) days for AQPS (P=0.00001). The cure 'rates' on days 14, 21 and 28 were also significantly higher with AQ, CQPS and AQPS than with CQ; those on day 28, for example, were 47.2%, 98.7%, 100% and 100% for CQ, AQ, CQPS and AQPS, respectively (P=0.000001). Gametocyte carriages on day 3 or on days 3, 7 and/or 14 combined were significantly lower in those treated with CQPS than in those given CQ; there was no gametocyte carriage in the CT groups on day 28. In the CQ group, eight of 13 @entity1 with gametocytaemia on day 3 had a response indicative of resistance. However, the five CQ-resistant infections that were re-treated with AQPS responded promptly, with a @entity4801 significantly shorter than that during the initial treatment with CQ and with a cure 'rate' of 100% on day 28. Adverse reactions to treatment were similar on the first and subsequent days of treatment and were tolerable except for @entity111 , which was significantly more common in @entity1 treated with CQ alone than in the other treatment groups. Haematological and biochemical parameters were not adversely affected by any treatment. The CQPS and AQPS combinations appear to be well tolerated and may be useful as alternatives to monotherapy with CQ or AQ as resistance to the single drugs develops.

title: A randomized comparison of XXXX , @entity16944 and their combination with @entity4765 - @entity9230 in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, @entity3964 @entity311 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasite-clearance times', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10211 ( @entity19823 ) has efficacy in the treatment and prevention of certain @entity5 . In vitro effects against @entity521 include induction of differentiation, inhibition of proliferation, and decreased @entity4180 expression. We hypothesized that @entity19823 may be effective against minimal residual disease in @entity521 @entity1 . A phase I trial to determine the maximal tolerated dosage and @entity137 of @entity19823 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity521 after bone marrow transplantation was initiated. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine pediatric @entity1 (status post-bone marrow transplant for @entity521 ) were treated for 14 days with oral @entity19823 in escalating doses from 100 to 200 mg/m2/day followed by a 14-day rest period for up to 12 months. RESULTS: In three of 39 @entity1 (7.7%) evaluable for @entity460 levels, @entity2741 (12.6-18.7 mg/dl) was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Grade 1-3 @entity2741 occurred in nine of 39 @entity1 (23%). The overall incidence of @entity2741 was 31% (12 of 39). Only one @entity1 was symptomatic due to the @entity2741 , with @entity4841 and @entity925 . The @entity2741 resolved with temporary discontinuation of the drug and a 25% dose reduction for subsequent courses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2741 is a novel dose-limiting @entity137 for @entity19823 . @entity1 receiving high doses of @entity19823 should have monitoring of serum @entity460 levels.

title: @entity2741 : a dose-limiting @entity137 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-Retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Supervised treadmill exercise is the recommended therapy for @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) @entity1 with @entity613 ( @entity613 ). However, most @entity3657 @entity1 do not exhibit typical symptoms of @entity613 . The aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy and safety of intensive walking exercise in @entity3657 @entity1 with and without @entity613 . METHODS: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of intensive walking exercise with usual care in @entity1 with @entity3657 were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eighteen trials with 1200 @entity1 were eligible for the present analysis. Compared with usual care, intensive walking exercise significantly improved the maximal walking distance (MWD), @entity158 -free walking distance, and the 6-min walking distance in @entity1 with @entity3657 (P   <   0.00001 for all). Subgroup analyses indicated that a lesser improvement in MWD was observed in the subgroup with more @entity6 @entity1 , and that the subgroup with better baseline walking ability exhibited greater improvement in walking performance. In addition, similar improvements in walking performance were observed for exercise programs of different durations and modalities. No significant difference was found in adverse events between the intensive walking and usual care groups (relative risk 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.51, 1.39; P   =   0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of exercise length and modality, regularly intensive walking exercise improves walking ability in @entity3657 @entity1 more than usual care. The presence of @entity6 may attenuate the improvements in walking performance in @entity1 with @entity3657 following exercise.

title: Intensive walking exercise for XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication', 'IC']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['lower extremity peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: We performed combination therapy with @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity2699 (CVD) regimen and transarterial embolization (TAE) in 2 cases of @entity5 with @entity3 . Case 1: 59-year-old female. After primary left @entity75 had been removed, recurrence at the left renal hilar region and @entity3 to the right iliac bone and 5th cervical vertebra occurred. We took 3 courses of CVD regimen after TAE for the lesions in the right iliac bone. Her endocrinological data has been normal for more than 1 year after treatment. Case 2: 29-year-old male. Total cystectomy, ileal conduit and pelvic lymphadenectomy had been performed for the @entity75 of the urinary bladder. 2 years after the 1st operation, @entity3 to the right obturator nodes and multiple bones occurred. We gave 3 courses of CVD regimen followed by TAE for the lesions in the right obturator nodes. Just after treatment, we could stop insulin and reduce anti- @entity101 drugs, but the effect of treatment was temporary. In conclusion, combination of CVD regimen and TAE is effective for @entity5 with @entity3 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX by combination of CVD regimen and transarterial embolization].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['Dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lesion', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medication adherence and @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) are independent predictors of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the predictive power of the combination of medication adherence and @entity6100 for hospitalization and @entity204 has not been investigated in @entity1 with @entity712 . The purpose of the study was to explore the combined influence of medication adherence and @entity6100 for prediction of @entity299 -free survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHOD: A total of 218 @entity712 @entity1 monitored medication adherence for 1-3 months and completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS) at baseline. Medication adherence was measured using a valid and objective measure, the @entity262 ( @entity262 ). @entity1 were followed for up to 3.5 years to collect data about @entity299 -free survival (i.e., cardiac emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and @entity204 ). To test the association of the combination of medication adherence and @entity6100 with outcomes, the interaction term of medication adherence and @entity6100 was first entered in a Cox regression to predict outcomes. Second, @entity1 were grouped using an evidence-based cutpoint of 88% for medication adherence from the @entity262 data and a median score 71 of the MPSSS. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare @entity299 -free survival among groups. RESULT: Medication adherence and @entity6100 were independent predictors of @entity299 -free survival (p = .006 and .021, respectively). @entity1 with medication nonadherence and lower @entity6100 had a 3.5 times higher risk of @entity299 than those who were adherent and had higher @entity6100 . CONCLUSION: Medication adherence mediated the relationship between @entity6100 and @entity299 -free survival in this sample. Moreover, medication adherence and social support independently, and in combination, predicted @entity299 -free survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . Interventions to improve clinical outcomes should address medication adherence and social support.

title: Medication adherence, social support, and event-free survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['perceived social support', 'PSS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['MEMS', 'Medication Event Monitoring System']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of the chemoprotective agent, @entity8503 , administered on a daily x 5 schedule with @entity900 and radiation therapy, on @entity460 and @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled in a clinical trial to determine the maximal safe dose of @entity8503 plus radiation therapy and @entity900 on a novel daily x 5 schedule. Detailed studies of the effects of @entity8503 on @entity460 and @entity461 levels were initiated after a @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity3747 . RESULTS: Treatment with @entity8503 resulted in a rapid decline in serum @entity461 levels within 4 hours, which fell below the lower limits of normal at 24 hours, then returned to within normal limits at 48 hours. In contrast, serum levels of ionized @entity460 were not affected acutely, and declined by only 7% within 24 hours. However, this small decrease persisted for the 5 days of treatment. @entity14645 effects were successfully managed with oral @entity4959 and @entity3873 supplements. In one @entity1 , particularly sensitive to the effects of @entity8503 , serum levels of ionized @entity460 decreased to less than 3.0 mg/dL despite oral @entity460 supplements. CONCLUSION: The effects of @entity8503 on serum ionized @entity460 levels are mediated by direct inhibition of @entity461 activity; other effects such as inhibition of renal tubular @entity460 reabsorption cannot be excluded. We recommend that @entity1 treated with @entity8503 , @entity900 , and radiation therapy receive routine oral @entity460 and @entity3873 supplementation and that serum ionized @entity460 levels be monitored frequently.

title: Management of @entity14645 effects of @entity8503 administered on a daily times five schedule with XXXX and radiation therapy. The New York Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ISA virus ( @entity60935 ) is an Orthomyxovirus whose genome encodes for at least 10 proteins. Low protein identity and lack of genetic tools have hampered the study of the molecular mechanism behind its virulence. It has been shown that viral codon usage controls several processes such as translational efficiency, folding, tuning of protein expression, antigenicity and virulence. Despite this, the possible role that adaptation to host codon usage plays in virulence and viral evolution has not been studied in @entity60935 . METHODS: Intergenomic adaptation between viral and host genomes was calculated using the codon adaptation index score with EMBOSS software and the Kazusa database. Classification of host genes according to GeneOnthology was performed using Blast2go. A non parametric test was applied to determine the presence of significant correlations among CAI, mortality and time. RESULTS: Using the codon adaptation index (CAI) score, we found that the encoding genes for nucleoprotein, matrix protein M1 and antagonist of Interferon I signaling (NS1) are the @entity60935 genes that are more adapted to host codon usage, in agreement with their requirement for production of viral particles and inactivation of antiviral responses. Comparison to host genes showed that @entity60935 shares CAI values with less than 0.45% of @entity12178 genes. GeneOntology classification of host genes showed that @entity60935 genes share CAI values with genes from less than 3% of the host biological process, far from the 14% shown by Influenza A viruses and closer to the 5% shown by Influenza B and C. As well, we identified a positive correlation (p<0.05) between CAI values of a virus and the duration of the outbreak disease in given salmon farms, as well as a weak relationship between codon adaptation values of @entity16166 and the mortality rates of a set of ISA viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that @entity60935 is the least adapted viral @entity12178 pathogen and Orthomyxovirus family member less adapted to host codon usage, avoiding the general behavior of host genes. This is probably due to its recent emergence among farmed Salmon populations.

title: Genomic adaptation of the ISA virus to XXXX codon usage.

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Salmo salar']


abstract: @entity738 of unknown etiology has been considered an important disease of Texas shrimp mariculture since 1985. Samples of @entity11320 ( @entity11320 ) were collected during 1986, 1987, and 1990 from three farms and an experimental mariculture facility with histories of production loss and increased mortality rates. Histologic and ultrastructural examination of shrimp from the four sites demonstrated two morphologically distinct, Gram-negative, double-enveloped, intracytoplasmic bacteria in @entity39 hepatopancreatic epithelium. The more numerous small, pleomorphic rod as well as the helical organism are both taxonomically unclassifiable. The helical organism lacked ultrastructural characteristics of previously described helical or spiral bacteria. The relationship between the two organisms is unknown, but the pleomorphic rod is thought to play a major role in the disease. The role of a bacterial agent(s) in subsequent disease episodes is suggested by the observation that the use of @entity5385 -medicated feed resulted in increased production and survival. @entity4295 and shrimp mortality correlated directly with the extent of @entity281 by the small pleomorphic rod. Individual discrete bacteria were identified microscopically by Steiner and Steiner's method. Three major developmental stages of the disease were characterized based on the extent and number of hepatopancreatic tubular epithelial cells containing bacteria, the degree of tubular @entity32 , and the extent and chronicity of @entity4295 . Additional studies are needed to clarify the roles of the different bacteria identified and the potential role of environmental factors on the disease process.

title: Microscopic and ultrastructural studies of XXXX hepatopancreatitis in @entity11320 ( @entity11320 ) cultured in Texas.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatous hepatopancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatopancreatic tubular epithelial necrosis', 'tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['Pacific white shrimp', 'Penaeus vannamei']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing']


abstract: In this study, injectable microemulsions of @entity1891 (M-VCR) were prepared and its pharmacokinetics, acute @entity137 and antitumor effects were evaluated. In M-VCR, the surfactants were @entity970 -lipid and @entity165 , the oil phase was a @entity270 solution of @entity3952 and VCR. The particle size distribution and zeta potential of M-VCR were measured by the laser light dynamic scattering method. The VCR-loading efficiency was measured by Sephadex G50 column chromatography. The stability of M-VCR was monitored by particle size, VCR-loading efficiency and VCR content changes of M-VCR stored at 7 degrees C. The pharmacokinetics, acute @entity137 and antitumor effects of M-VCR were studied in C57BL/6 @entity19 bearing @entity19 @entity19 histocytoma M5076 @entity5 . When stored at 7 degrees C in the dark for 1 year, the average diameter and VCR-loading efficiency of M-VCR changed from 138.1+/-1.2 nm and 94.6+/-4.7% to 127.1+/-2.4 nm and 91.3+/-4.8% (n=3), respectively, while 7.4+/-0.3% VCR decomposition was observed (n=3). The plasma AUC of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of free VCR (F-VCR). The heart, spleen and liver AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR were significantly smaller than those of F-VCR while the kidney AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of F-VCR. The @entity5 AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of F-VCR. M-VCR had lower acute @entity137 and greater potential antitumor effects than F-VCR in M5076 @entity5 -bearing C57BL/6 @entity19 . M-VCR is a useful @entity5 -targeting microemulsion drug delivery system.

title: Pharmacokinetics and antitumor effects of XXXX carried by microemulsions composed of @entity970 -lipid, @entity3952 , @entity270 and @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of using a concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (a XELOX regimen) to treat @entity420 . METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 having resectable @entity420 at the gastroesophageal junction (T3/4, N+, M0) were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to either a chemoradiotherapy group or a surgery group. @entity1 in the chemoradiotherapy group were orally given @entity416 (1,000 mg/m2, twice daily for 14 days, days 1-14) and intravenous @entity901 (130 mg/m2 on day 1) for 2 cycles. Radiotherapy was performed with a total of 45 Gy administered in 25 sessions for 5 weeks. @entity1 in the surgery group received only surgical intervention. RESULTS: In the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, the overall response rate was 55.6% (20/36), @entity5 control rate was 100% and a pathological complete response was achieved in 16.7% (6/36). The entire chemoradiotherapy group had R0 resections as did 80% of the surgery group (32/40) (P < 0.05). In the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, 6 @entity1 developed grade 3 side effects. Treatment was either discontinued or the dose adjusted. Major hematological side effects in the chemoradiotherapy group included @entity1431 , @entity1398 , @entity417 and @entity882 . Nonhematological side effects included @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity1277 . Chemoradiotherapy-related death was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy administration increased the rate of R0 resection and demonstrated favorable safety in @entity1 with Siewert II or III @entity420 at the gastroesophageal junction. These results support the use of neoadjunctive chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of @entity420 .

title: Concurrent Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Siewert II and III XXXX at Gastroesophageal Junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 occur in up to 65  % of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 ; they have been correlated with different MRI measures of brain tissue damage, whole and regional @entity1010 . The hippocampal involvement has been poorly investigated in @entity73 ( @entity73 ) @entity15 @entity1 . The objective of this study is to analyze  and compare @entity75 , including @entity194 , in @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 with and without @entity73 , and to investigate their role in determining @entity73 in @entity15 . Forty-six @entity3780 @entity1 [20 @entity73 and 26 cognitively preserved (CP)] and 25 age, sex and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent neuropsychological evaluation and 3-Tesla anatomical MRI. T2 lesion load (T2-LL) was computed with a semiautomatic method, gray matter volume and white matter volume were estimated using SIENAX. Hippocampal volume (HV) was obtained by manual segmentation. Brain tissues volumes were compared among groups and correlated with cognitive performances. Compared to HCs, @entity3780 @entity1 had significant @entity194 of WM, @entity7419 , left and right Hippocampus (p  <  0.001). Compared to CP, @entity73 @entity3780 @entity1 showed higher T2-LL (p  =  0.02) and WM @entity194 (p  =  0.01). In the whole @entity3780 group, several cognitive tests correlated with @entity75 (T2-LL, WM and @entity194 ); only verbal memory performances correlated with left @entity194 . Our results emphasize the role of T2-LL and WM @entity194 in determining clinically evident @entity73 in @entity15 @entity1 and provide evidence that @entity7419 and @entity194 occur in @entity15 @entity1 regardless of cognitive status.

title: XXXX and memory disorders in @entity3780 @entity15 : the role of white matter, gray matter and hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain tissue abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive disorders', 'CI']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'hippocampal atrophy', 'GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: Sixty-six @entity1 with locally advanced (Stages III and IV) carcinoma of the @entity135 were treated with three cycles of induction chemotherapy, consisting of @entity900 , @entity1487 (FU) infusion, @entity1732 , @entity1138 , and @entity1862 , followed by radiotherapy and/or surgery. There were 48 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with a median age of 55 years (range, 18 to 75 years) and Karnofsky performance status of 80 (range, 40 to 90). Primary site was nasopharynx (28 @entity1 ), followed by larynx (12) and others (26). Forty-one (62%) @entity1 were presented with Stage IV disease. The response rate to induction chemotherapy was 27% complete response, 50% partial response, 20% stable disease, and 3% progressive disease. There was no significant difference in response rate between @entity1 with @entity5 of nasopharynx or other sites (P greater than 0.1). Survival was 61% at 24 months. @entity1 with @entity5 of nasopharynx had a better survival than those with other primaries (P = 0.033). @entity137 from chemotherapy included @entity1665 (73%), @entity1209 (66%), @entity1431 (54%), @entity3136 (36%), @entity417 (32%), @entity882 (16%), and @entity294 (9%). Grade IV @entity137 was not observed. Induction chemotherapy with this new regimen resulted in a high response rate but may not be superior to @entity900 and FU alone. It can be safely combined with radiotherapy as a potentially curative therapy in @entity957 of the @entity135 . Chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy may yield survival similar to radical surgery in laryngeal and other @entity135 .

title: Induction chemotherapy with a new regimen alternating @entity900 , XXXX with @entity1138 , @entity1862 and @entity1732 in carcinomas of nasopharynx or other sites of the @entity135 region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers', 'head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) require lifelong immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy. Home-based subcutaneous (SC) infusion provides advantages to @entity1 with @entity1200 compared to hospital-based intravenous infusion. One limitation of current practice with SCIg infusion is the need for small-volume infusions at multiple injection sites on a frequent basis. A method was developed for large-volume SC infusion that uses preinfusion of recombinant @entity1 hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) to facilitate fluid dispersion. Miniature @entity1707 was used as a preclinical model to assess the effects of rHuPH20-facilitated infusions, of a single monthly dose, on fluid dispersion, infusion-related pressure, @entity4 , induration, and tissue damage. Preinfusion of vehicle (control) or rHuPH20 (75  U/g Ig) was performed simultaneously on contralateral abdominal sites on each animal, followed by infusion of 300  mL 10  % Ig (30  g) at each site. Compared to control infusions, rHuPH20 significantly reduced infusion pressure and induration (p   <   0.05) and accelerated postinfusion Ig dispersion. Histological evaluation of infusion site tissue showed moderate to severe @entity4 for the control. Swelling after rHuPH20-facilitated infusion was mild on day  1 and had completely resolved shortly thereafter. Laser Doppler imaging of control infusion sites revealed local cutaneous hypoperfusion during Ig infusion, which was reduced almost 7-fold (p   <   0.05) with the use of rHuPH20. These results demonstrate that rHuPH20-facilitated Ig infusion is associated with improved dispersion of Ig, resulting in reduced tissue pressure, induration, and reduced risk of tissue damage from mechanical @entity130 or local @entity63 , thus enabling SC administration of large volumes of Ig at a single site.

title: Recombinant XXXX hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20) facilitates subcutaneous infusions of large volumes of immunoglobulin in a @entity1707 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['PIDD', 'primary immunodeficiency disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Unilateral vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) short-term adaptation training causes some increase toward the nonadapting side (   30% of increase on adapting side). We conducted a pilot study to determine if the increase could be reduced by providing a visual stimulus during rotations to the nonadapting side. BACKGROUND: Unilateral vestibular short-term adaptation is a technique that could increase the ipsilesional VOR response of vestibular @entity1 with @entity1887 . However, this technique results in the VOR response increasing for rotations toward the nonadapting (normal) side, which is undesirable because the VOR will be overcompensatory (causing nonstable vision) during @entity717 toward the normal side. METHODS: We built a portable helmet device that sensed horizontal angular head velocity to generate a visual target that required a preset @entity2194 (eye velocity/head velocity) for optimal image stabilization that could be set differently for leftward and rightward @entity717 . We tested 10 subjects (six controls and four @entity1 with @entity394 ). We measured the active and passive @entity2194 during high-peak-acceleration, unilateral, transient @entity717 (head impulses) before and after unilateral VOR adaptation training. RESULTS: In control subjects, for rotations toward the adapting side (target gain = 1.5), the @entity2194 increased because of training by 26.1%    23.4% during active head impulses and by 14.6%    13.0% during passive head impulses. In contrast, for rotations toward the nonadapting side, there were no statistically significant increases. CONCLUSION: A visual stimulus driving the @entity2194 to unity toward the nonadapting side aids unilateral adaptation more so than no visual stimulus.

title: Pilot Study of a New Rehabilitation Tool: Improved Unilateral Short-term Adaptation of the XXXX Angular Vestibulo-ocular Reflex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular hypofunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities of @entity460 metabolism independent of changes in intracellular @entity460 have been described in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . These include increased urinary @entity460 excretion for a given salt intake, a raised parathyroid hormone level, an increase in urinary @entity1919 , a tendency for a low serum ionized @entity460 level, a raised @entity10692 level and an increased intestinal @entity460 reabsorption. These changes have been seen as a consequence of a primary renal @entity460 leak. HYPOTHESIS: We propose that these changes are secondary to a @entity74 in the ability of the kidney to excrete @entity1372 . On the high salt intake in most Western countries (i.e. approximately 170 mmol/day @entity1372 ) compensatory mechanisms occur to try to overcome this defect. These compensatory mechanisms are responsible for the rise in blood pressure, but also cause an increase in central blood volume which is the direct cause of the increase in urinary @entity460 excretion. This causes a slightly negative @entity460 balance, and the other abnormalities of @entity460 metabolism can then be seen as a compensatory response to try to restore @entity460 balance to normal. DISCUSSION: This hypothesis explains the @entity1290 in essential @entity101 and predicts that @entity101 , in the long term, will be more likely to develop @entity79 ( @entity170 ), as has been demonstrated in some animal models of @entity101 . Increases in salt intake will not only cause a further rise in blood pressure, but will also increase urinary @entity460 excretion and aggravate the other abnormalities. A moderate reduction in salt intake from 170 to 70 mmol/day will lower the blood pressure and will tend to correct the abnormalities of @entity460 metabolism. It should simultaneously reduce the incidence of @entity1290 and the long-term risk of @entity79 .

title: The kidney and essential XXXX : a link to @entity170 ?

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['increase in kidney stones', 'renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Background @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is a leading cause of @entity454 . To search for glomerular proteins associated with early-stage @entity2316 , glomeruli of spontaneous type 2 @entity6 KKAy @entity19 were analyzed by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Material and Methods Glomeruli of 20-week spontaneous type 2 @entity6 KKAy @entity19 and age-matched C57BL/6 @entity19 were isolated by kidney perfusion with magnetic beads. Proteomic profiles of glomeruli were investigated by using 2D-DIGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the results of proteomics. Immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative analysis were used to confirm the differential expression of @entity60609 and @entity24898 in glomeruli. Results We identified 19 differentially expressed proteins - 17 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 2 proteins were significantly down-regulated in glomeruli of @entity6 KKAy @entity19 . Among them, @entity60609 and @entity24898 were up-regulated and Western blot analysis validated the same result in proteomics. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed up-regulation of @entity60609 and @entity24898 in glomeruli of KKAy @entity19 . Conclusions Our findings suggest that @entity60609 and @entity24898 may be associated with early-stage @entity2316 . Further functional research might help to reveal the pathogenesis of @entity2316 .

title: Proteomic Profile in Glomeruli of Type-2 @entity6 KKAy XXXX using 2-Dimensional Differential Gel Electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Midbrain @entity935 neurons are phasically activated by a variety of sensory stimuli. It has been hypothesized that these activations contribute to reward prediction or behavioural switching. To test the latter hypothesis we recorded from 131 single neurons in the ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field of thirsty @entity35 responding during a modified go/no-go task. One-quarter (n = 33) of these neurons responded to conditioned stimuli in the task, which varied according to the outcome with which they were associated ( @entity8021 or @entity4807 solution) and according to whether they triggered a switch in the ongoing sequence of the animal's behaviour ('behavioural switching'). Almost half the neurons (45%) responded differentially to @entity8021 - vs. @entity4807 -conditioned stimuli; the activity of a minority (15%) correlated with an aspect of behavioural switching (mostly exhibiting changes from baseline activity in the absence of a behavioural switch) and one-third (33%) encoded various outcome-switch combinations. The strongest response was excitation to the @entity8021 -conditioned stimulus. Additionally, a proportion (38%) of neurons responded during outcome delivery, typically exhibiting inhibition during @entity8021 consumption. The neurons sampled did not fall into distinct clusters on the basis of their electrophysiological characteristics. However, most neurons that responded to the outcome-related properties of conditioned stimuli had long action potentials (> 1.2 ms), a reported characteristic of @entity935 neurons. Moreover, responses to @entity8021 -conditioned stimuli were functionally akin to @entity935 responses found in the macaque and @entity35 nucleus accumbens responses observed within the same task. In conclusion, our data are more consistent with the reward-prediction than the behavioural switching hypothesis.

title: Neurons in XXXX -rich areas of the @entity35 medial midbrain predominantly encode the outcome-related rather than behavioural switching properties of conditioned stimuli.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9513 Background: Although the incidence of @entity0 in @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) is lower than that of their Caucasian (C) counterparts, the biology of the disease is more aggressive in these @entity1 . @entity3004 @entity1 frequently present with early onset, high-grade and hormone receptor negative disease. @entity3004 @entity1 also have a poorer overall survival, which may in part be due to the inherent biology of their disease. A major @entity0 expression profiling is to identify clinically distinct subsets of @entity0 that may help to explain variability in outcome and treatment response. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is not a single published dataset that has included sufficient @entity5 from @entity3004 @entity1 to examine whether there are differences in gene expression profiles that could begin to address the disparities in health outcomes. METHODS: Thus far we have prepared RNA from 30 Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-neg) @entity0 and assayed gene expression patterns using Agilent microarrays containing 17,000 different genes. We assayed 19 @entity5 from @entity3004 and 11 from C @entity1 and performed hierarchical clustering using our " @entity0 intrinsic" classification list as described by Perou et al., Nature 2000. RESULTS: There were 19 @entity3004 @entity1 with an average age of 55 (range 24-84) and 11 C @entity1 with an average age of 57 (range 33-78). One half of the @entity5 were locally advanced @entity0 . Of the 19 @entity5 from @entity3004 , 10 were basal-like, 6 were @entity1722 +, 1 was luminal and 2 were of the normal-like subtype. Of the 11 @entity5 from C, 5 were basal-like, 5 were @entity1722 +, and 1 was normal-like. Based upon this supervised clustering analysis, there does not appear to be a difference between @entity5 from @entity3004 as compared to C. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, ER-neg @entity0 from @entity3004 are predominately of the basal-like and @entity1722 + expression subtypes, as has been previously reported for Caucasian @entity1 . We are now evaluating critical gene(s) that might be responsible for "driving" these subtypes of ER-neg @entity5 in an effort to develop more effective targeted therapies, especially for young @entity1 who are disproportionately affected by @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Characterization of aggressive @entity0 in African American and Caucasian XXXX : Patterns of gene expression in primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['goal of breast tumor', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor', 'aggressive breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Decision making plays a key role in daily function, but little is known regarding how individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) make decisions. The present studies examined decision making in @entity1 with @entity72 using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a computerized card game with the goal of earning money by deciding among decks of cards. To be successful, players need to figure out which decks are associated with winning and which are associated with losing money in the long run. Results of Study 1 indicated that @entity1 with @entity72 made poorer decisions and showed slower learning of which decks earned more money compared with @entity1 with typical development. Additionally, they made more frequent shifts between decks compared with @entity1 with typical development. In Study 2, undergraduate students with typical development completed the IGT to examine whether instructing them to make frequent shifts between decks early in the IGT would negatively impact their decision making. Results of Study 2 suggested that when @entity1 with typical development were required to make frequent shifts, they exhibited a slower rate of learning and poorer decision making, thus emulating @entity1 with @entity72 in Study 1. The combined results suggest that the way that @entity1 with @entity72 explore and attend to their environment may be related to poor decision making. Implications for cognitive learning styles are discussed. @entity2438 Res 2014,       :       -      .    2014 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Decision-Making Skills in XXXX : Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['ASD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More effective treatment is necessary to improve the poor prognosis for @entity1 with unresectable @entity356 . We investigated the efficacy and feasibility of @entity1753 following chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of 70 @entity1 with unresectable stage IV @entity356 who underwent induction chemotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 who developed an absence of non-curative clinical factors during chemotherapy underwent gastrectomy [ @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) group]; the others continued chemotherapy [non- @entity1753 group]. RESULTS: Non- @entity1753 and @entity1753 groups contained 56 (80%) and 14 (20%) @entity1 , respectively. In the @entity1753 group, 92.9% of @entity1 had one non-curative clinical factor, while 48.2% of @entity1 in the non- @entity1753 group had two or more non-curative clinical factors (p=0.0386). In the @entity1753 group, operative outcomes, including the @entity260 rate (21.4%), were acceptable. The 3-year overall survival rate in the @entity1753 group was 65.6% versus 7.7% in the non- @entity1753 group (p<0.0001). In @entity1 with one non-curative clinical factor of peritoneal dissemination, the median survival of the @entity1753 group was 29.5 months versus 11.4 months in the non- @entity1753 group (p=0.0230). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant surgery for initially unresectable stage IV @entity356 was safe and feasible, and may improve the prognosis for @entity1 with one non-curative clinical factor, such as peritoneal dissemination.

title: Clinical Significance of Adjuvant Surgery Following Chemotherapy for XXXX with Initially Unresectable Stage IV @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant surgery', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The object of this phase II study was to assess the impact of preoperative external radiation therapy combined with UFT and leucovorin on @entity5 response, sphincter preservation and @entity5 control in @entity1 with @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with resectable extraperitoneal @entity420 received radiation therapy and two courses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of a 2-h infusion of 6S-steroisomer of leucovorin (6SLV) 250 mg/m2 on day 1, oral 6SLV 7.5 mg every 12 h on days 2-14, and UFT either 350 or 300 mg/m2 on days 1 to 14 every 28 days. Six additional courses of chemotherapy were given after surgery. RESULTS: Seven of 16 @entity1 (43%) who received 350 mg/m2/day of UFT had grade 3-4 @entity294 and two other @entity1 (12%) had grade 3-4 @entity1909 . The next 25 @entity1 received 300 mg/m2/day of UFT and only 14% of them had grade 3-4 @entity294 . Surgery consisted of low-anterior resection in 26 @entity1 (63%) and abdominal-perineal amputation in 15 (37%). There were six histological complete responses (15%). Downstaging occurred in 25 @entity1 (63%). The overall survival at 3 years was 90% and the pelvic disease-free survival 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative therapy with radiotherapy and UFT-6SLV downstaged 63% of @entity5 and allowed a sphincter-preserving procedure in some @entity1 . @entity137 was moderate. This scheme is convenient because of the oral administration of chemotherapy.

title: Neoadjuvant therapy of XXXX with UFT-leucovorin plus radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) to stage the ipsilateral hilum in resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1149 between 1995 and 2008 were evaluated. @entity1 who underwent preoperative PET imaging at our institution and had hilar nodal sampling were included. Those whose @entity5 extended to the hilum or who received preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy were excluded. All PET studies were interpreted by an attending nuclear medicine radiologist and were scored as positive or negative in the hilum or peribronchial area based on visual analysis alone. A 2-sided Fisher exact test compared @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: During the time interval, 1558 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity1149 , of whom 484 were eligible for this analysis. The ipsilateral hilum was positive on preoperative PET in 107 @entity1 . The median number of N1 lymph nodes sampled was 4 (range, 1-31). Positive ipsilateral N1 lymph nodes were identified pathologically in 91 @entity1 (19%). Among the 91 @entity1 with involved N1 lymph nodes, 40 were PET positive resulting in a sensitivity of 44%. Among 393 @entity1 without pathologic involvement of hilar lymph nodes, 326 were PET negative resulting in a specificity of 83%. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 37% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Positron emission tomography appears to have limitations in staging the ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes. Invasive sampling is appropriate if treatment would differ based on the nodal status.

title: Accuracy of positron emission tomography in identifying hilar (N1) lymph node involvement in XXXX : Implications for stereotactic body radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Merkel cell @entity189 are rare @entity5 of the skin with an @entity146 and frequent regional and distant metastases. Typically, the primary is a fast-growing, painless, reddish nodule with an iceberg-like effect, broadening in the depth. On the trunk and the buttocks, deep clinically rather inconspicuous nodules can occur. The clinical differential diagnosis of the @entity3852 includes skin metastases, @entity706 , @entity5 and cysts when the @entity5 is located deep in the soft tissue (e.g. on the buttocks). Histological and immunohistochemical analysis is necessary for the diagnosis. The demonstration of @entity2225 in the typical globular distribution pattern is of main importance in the diagnosis of @entity3852 . Because they are very rare, Merkel cell @entity189 are infrequently diagnosed clinically, in spite of the rather characteristic picture. Diagnostic excision with a safety margin of 3 cm is recommended followed by an adjuvant radiotherapy. The radiation field should include the area of the draining vessels and the first regional lymph nodes. There are some reports concerning the advantage of sentinel lymph node biopsy. In distant metastases, the therapy is multimodal and palliative including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Because of the high incidence of regional and distant metastases, regular follow-up is important.

title: [ XXXX . Clinical and histological differential diagnosis, diagnostic approach and therapy].

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant adnexal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: DNA ligases join the ends of DNA molecules during replication, repair and recombination. @entity855 -dependent ligases are found predominantly in the eukarya and archaea whereas @entity2125 +-dependent DNA ligases are found only in the eubacteria and in entomopoxviruses. Using the genetically tractable halophile @entity6898 as a model system, we describe the first genetic analysis of archaeal DNA ligase function. We show that the Hfx. volcanii @entity855 -dependent DNA ligase family member, LigA, is non-essential for cell viability, raising the question of how DNA strands are joined in its absence. We show that Hfx. volcanii also encodes an @entity2125 +-dependent DNA ligase family member, LigN, the first such enzyme to be identified in the archaea, and present phylogenetic analysis indicating that the gene encoding this protein has been acquired by lateral gene transfer ( @entity5053 ) from eubacteria. As with LigA, we show that LigN is also non-essential for cell viability. Simultaneous inactivation of both proteins is lethal, however, indicating that they now share an essential function. Thus the LigN protein acquired by @entity5053 appears to have been co-opted as a back-up for LigA function, perhaps to provide additional ligase activity under conditions of high genotoxic stress.

title: @entity855 - and XXXX +-dependent DNA ligases share an essential function in the halophilic archaeon @entity6898 .

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Species') :: ['Haloferax volcanii']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NAD']


abstract: Overexpression of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene is a common feature in @entity0 . We demonstrated recently that the expression of @entity470 in @entity0 strongly correlates with the length of a CA simple sequence repeat within the first 2000 bases in intron 1 of the @entity470 gene [CA simple sequence repeat (CA-SSR) I; H. Buerger et al., @entity5 Res., 60: 854-857, 2000]. Using a standardized semiautomated method of microsatellite analysis for loss of heterozygosity detection, we identified an @entity74 ( @entity74 ) at the @entity470 locus in 55 of 163 primary @entity0 cases. Fine mapping of the chromosomal region at 7p12-15 around the @entity470 gene using 10 CA-SSR markers showed that mutations of @entity470 in @entity0 are frequently restricted to the first intron of @entity470 . Thereby, the simple sequence repeat CA-SSR I in intron 1 was affected in 84% of the @entity1 with @entity74 . Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 23 @entity0 tissues with @entity74 excluded the presence of in-frame deletions between exon 2 and exon 7. For additional characterization of the underlying phenomenon leading to the detection of an @entity74 in microsatellite analysis, a quantitative 5'-nuclease assay for the first CA-SSR I in intron 1 was established. In @entity0 cases with @entity74 the presence of amplifications of this sequence was shown. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a statistically significant worse prognosis for @entity1 with @entity74 in the @entity5 tissue at the @entity470 locus compared with @entity1 without @entity74 . Interestingly, 75% of the @entity1 bearing @entity74 of CA-SSR I in the @entity5 also showed @entity74 at normal, nontumorous breast tissue. Our data strongly support the assumption that distinct amplifications in intronic sequences of the @entity470 gene, which enhance the basic transcription activity of the gene, represent one of the first steps in breast carcinogenesis. Furthermore, they point to the presence of prognosis-associated markers for @entity0 already in morphological normal breast tissue.

title: Distinct amplification of an untranslated regulatory sequence in the @entity470 gene contributes to early steps in XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['egfr', 'EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance', 'AI']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Unstented homograft valves offer several theoretical advantages when used for @entity1 who have had previous operations on the aortic valve. Between January 1970 and February 1993, 177 @entity1 received unstented homograft valves after previous aortic valve operations. One hundred thirty-four @entity1 had previous aortic valve replacement in the form of homografts (101 @entity1 ), mechanical prostheses (24 @entity1 ), and bioprostheses (9 @entity1 ), and 43 had previous valve repair. The indication for reoperation was deterioration of a noninfected valve (124 @entity1 ), @entity884 (40 @entity1 ), and failure of a noninfected mechanical valve (12 @entity1 ). Fresh homograft valves were implanted in 60 @entity1 , homografts preserved in antibiotics were used in 111 @entity1 , and 6 @entity1 received cryopreserved valves. Aortic valve and root replacement was performed in 60 @entity1 , and in 117 the homograft was inserted freehand in the subcoronary position. The early mortality was 5.1%. The actuarial survival at 10 years was 71%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1 with previous homograft replacement have a better long-term survival than @entity1 who had previous mechanical valves (p = 0.017). The freedom from valve-related @entity204 and reoperation was 70% at 10 years. Fresh homografts faired better than antibiotic-sterilized homografts (p = 0.007). None of the @entity1 had recurrence of @entity884 at 6 months, although 1 @entity1 died of uncontrolled @entity281 despite valve replacement. The freedom from recurrent @entity884 was 88% at 10 years. We conclude that unstented aortic homografts provide good early and long-term results for @entity886 , particularly in @entity1 with previous homograft replacement. Recurrent @entity884 is uncommon even in @entity1 operated on for @entity281 .

title: The use of unstented homograft valves for XXXX . Review of a twenty-three-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve reoperations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve reoperations']


abstract: Ann Arbor Electrogram Libraries (AAEL) is a database of over 500 electrocardiographic recordings made during clinical electrophysiology studies over a period of 15 years. These data are used by university researchers and cardiac device research and development laboratories to develop and test @entity943 detection algorithms. The AAEL library is in use by all major implantable cardioverter defibrillator manufacturers as well as several Automated External Defibrillator developers. In 1996, the USFDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health licensed a portion of Volumes I for proposed device testing. The data consist of 7 channels of signals: surface leads I, III, V1, an intra-atrial high right atrium (bipolar), an intra-atrial high right atrium (unipolar), an intraventricular right ventricular apex (bipolar), and intraventricular right ventricular apex (unipolar) from the distal catheter electrode. Data were recorded under careful engineering quality control continuously (30 min-1.5 hr) on FM magnetic tape at a tape speed of 3.75 in/s after signal amplification at a filter setting of 1-500 Hz. Amplifier gain and filter settings were held constant during the entire recording procedure and a 1 mV calibration signal was entered as a reference at the time of recording. All @entity1 recordings contain a baseline sinus rhythm, and subsequently induced @entity1165 and/or @entity2224 , or less frequently, @entity4710 , @entity591 , and/or @entity955 . Data are typically made available in digitized format (1,000 Hz); digital or FM recordings are also available. AAEL recordings are the only widespread intracardiac test files in the industry.

title: XXXX database for algorithm testing: surface leads plus intracardiac leads for validation.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In industrialised countries, occupational @entity378 among @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ) is re-emerging as an important public health issue. To prevent and control @entity378 transmission, several institutions have issued and implemented recommendations and practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the annual rate of @entity378 (ARTI; per 100 @entity1 -years) among @entity12767 in Turin, the capital of the Piedmont region of Italy, to identify factors associated with variations in the ARTI and to evaluate the efficacy of the regional guidelines to prevent and control @entity378 . METHODS: The study was conducted between 1997 and 2004 on a cohort of @entity12767 . The @entity378 was diagnosed through tuberculin skin testing (TST) conversion and defined as an induration increase of at least 10 mm from a previous negative TST. The ARTI and the hazard ratio for each at-risk subgroup, categorised according to working activities and settings, was estimated using exponential survival models. The efficacy of the regional guidelines was estimated by stratifying the analysis according to the moment of the implementation of the guidelines (before/after). RESULTS: The 2182 study @entity1 were drawn from the dynamic cohort. The overall adjusted ARTI was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3 to 1.9)/100 @entity1 -years. Different workplaces (eg, administrative and @entity166 inpatient services) and occupations (eg, clerical and medical workers) were associated with significantly different ARTIs, ranging between 0.62 and 2.62 and between 0.61 and 1.71, respectively, whereas the TST conversion risk differed by about 16-68% and 30-60%, respectively. The implementation of the guidelines coincided with overall ARTI reductions of 1.3/100 @entity1 -years, and concurrently the variations between ARTIs of different occupations and @entity2402 . CONCLUSIONS: The occupational risk categories for targeting the surveillance and prevention of @entity378 transmission among @entity12767 were identified, and the introduction of preventive measures was observed to be effective in decreasing the overall risk of @entity378 among @entity12767 .

title: Risk of tuberculin conversion among XXXX and the adoption of preventive measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['workplaces disappeared']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['healthcare workers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has proven to be safe and effective. However, the value of laparoscopic resection for malignancy in terms of @entity5 outcome can only be assessed by large prospective randomized clinical trials with sufficient follow-up. METHODS: COLOR ( @entity694 Laparoscopic or Open Resection) is a European multicenter randomized trial that began in 1997. In 27 hospitals in Sweden, The Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, 1200 @entity1 will be included. The primary endpoint of the study is @entity5 -free survival after 3 years. RESULTS: In <3.5 YEARS, >850 @entity1 have been randomized for right hemicolectomy (47%), left hemicolectomy (11%), and sigmoidectomy (42%). Fifty seven @entity1 were excluded after randomization. Forty six months after the start of the trial, the overall recurrence rate is 6.8%. The distribution of stage of disease is as follows: stage I, 25%; stage II, 41%; stage III, 32%; stage IV, 2%. CONCLUSION: Although laparoscopic surgery appears to be of value in the treatment of @entity14 , the final, results of randomized trials need to be considered to determine its definitive role. Given the current accrual rate, the COLOR study will be completed in 2002.

title: COLOR: a randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['COlon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE:: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the third most common @entity5 diagnosed in @entity1 and @entity1 in the United States. Given the availability of effective screening, most @entity5 are found early enough to offer @entity1 substantial long-term survival. Thus there is a resulting significant population of @entity14 survivors for whom modifiable risk factors for recurrence and survival would be of interest. METHODS:: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among @entity1 enrolled in 2 large Midwestern health plans for which claims data, including pharmacy fill data, and medical record data were available. @entity1 and @entity1 who were 40 years of age or older at the time of @entity14 diagnosis with disease less than stage IV and no history of @entity30 , @entity31 , and @entity1744 were included. @entity14 cases diagnosed between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2000 were included if they met the inclusion criteria. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used with exposure modeled as a time-dependent covariate. We assessed progression-free survival, defined as an aggressive @entity1127 , and overall survival. RESULTS:: After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, race, body mass index, stage, side of @entity5 , and @entity5 histology, we found that current users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had a 3-fold decreased risk of recurrence and a >7-fold decreased risk of @entity204 . Our results are statistically significant with P-values <0.05. CONCLUSIONS:: Our results suggest that current use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provides significant improvements in @entity14 outcomes.

title: Influence of NSAID Use Among XXXX Survivors on Cancer Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp or invasive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'initial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: In 1978 the concept of primary health care was adopted by 116 countries at Alma Ata, yet the negative impact of structural readjustment programs in Africa and South America could be felt due to the cuts in expenditures on health, education, and social matters. The result is a resurgence of @entity166 such as @entity311 and @entity378 . Another factor in this resurgence is extreme poverty. In 1994 over 1000 @entity1 died in Rajasthan, India, of a @entity311 , and during the same time in @entity204 were attributed to @entity7643 . Malariogenic and tuberculous conditions continue to flourish owing to distorted development patterns and commercialization of medical care as public health and community health services are being replaced by profit-oriented curative care, 80% of which is in private hands. This has resulted in spiraling medical care costs and rural indebtedness. Socioeconomic deprivation in developing countries threatens @entity1906 control. Factors contributing to the spread of @entity1906 were established in 1899 and are still valid in India and other developing countries: @entity1906 contamination of air, inadequate food, overcrowded dwelling, and low state of physical health. Even in developed countries @entity1906 is on the rise: there were 172 cases in 1991 in England vs. 305 cases in 1993, half of them among immigrants. The increase occurred in the poorest 30% of the population. The World Bank is providing loans for a revised @entity1906 and @entity311 strategy, and the Disability Adjusted Life Year has been used to identify the greatest burden of diseases. On the other hand, the Indian National Health Policy has not been revised since 1983. Priority must be given to those living in extreme poverty to curb the resurgence of once controlled diseases.

title: @entity311 and XXXX : our concerns.

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria', 'malaria epidemic']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Delhi over 300 deaths']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['communicable diseases']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Previous research suggests that @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), particularly physical or @entity458 , was associated with @entity5 . However, there is less work examining the mechanism of the relationship between @entity1004 and @entity5 . The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine psychosocial factors (e.g., stress, social support, self-esteem, and @entity308 ) as mediators of the relationship between @entity1004 and @entity5 among 532 Thai @entity1 with gynecological problems. About 21.1% of @entity1 reported any type of @entity1004 (e.g., physical, @entity458 ) in the past year and 22.2% had @entity5 . @entity1004 was significantly positively associated with stress, @entity308 but negatively correlated with social support and self-esteem. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that not only did @entity1004 exhibit significantly direct effects on social support, stress, and @entity308 , and indirect effects on self-esteem, but it also had a significant, positive, @entity5 . @entity1004 exhibited the significant indirect effect on @entity5 through social support, self-esteem, stress, and @entity308 . The model fitted very well to the empirical data and explained 9% of variance. The findings affirmed that those psychosocial factors were mediators of the relationship between @entity1004 and @entity5 . Health care protocols for abused @entity1 should include screening for and treatment of @entity1004 -related psychosocial factors. Interventions that provide social support and protect self-esteem should reduce stress and @entity308 among abused @entity1 , thereby reducing the risk of @entity5 .

title: Factors Mediating the Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and XXXX Among Thai @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IPV', 'intimate partner violence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms, and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'total effect on cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual violence', 'sexual, or emotional violence']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is absolutely necessary to evaluate cardiac function on starting and during hemodialysis in @entity1 with @entity454 . In this study, we tried to determinate the changes of cardiac function associated with hemodialysis. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity454 , who had been in a hemodialysis program from February, 1997 to August, 1999 in Pusan National University Hospital, were enrolled. They were examined with echocardiography and gated blood pool scintigraphy on starting hemodialysis and after follow-up. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. RESULTS: The @entity1 were 46.2 +/- 16.8 years old and male to female ratio was 8:12. The underlying diseases were @entity6 (n = 10), @entity101 , @entity631 and others. The duration of symptoms associated with @entity454 and underlying diseases was 3.4 +/- 2.6 years and the duration of hemodialysis was 13.8 +/- 7.0 months. The LVEDID, LVESID and RVC decreased significantly (-6.10, -7.80 and -20.00%, respectively, p < 0.05) with no significant changes for @entity3980 , IVS, PWT and EF (p > 0.05). In ten cases associated with @entity6 , LVEDID decreased (-7.90%, p < 0.05). In twelve cases associated with @entity299 , LVEDID and LVESID decreased (-8.60 and -10.50%, respectively, p < 0.05). In four cases associated with @entity6 without @entity299 , @entity3980 decreased (-5.10%, p < 0.05) and in four cases associated with @entity299 without @entity6 there were no significant changes in cardiac dimensions and EF. In seven cases associated with @entity6 and @entity299 , LVEDID decreased (-10.50%, p < 0.05). The EF on gated blood pool scintigraphy decreased (-0.9%, p < 0.05) as a whole while it increased (5.90%, p < 0.05) in the cases associated with @entity6 and @entity299 . CONCLUSION: During the early hemodialysis stage of @entity454 , we found a change of @entity4346 and relatively preserved left ventricular function. Furthermore, we can expect that adequate hemodialysis--with dry weight as low as possible--may prevent progression to @entity4346 and @entity384 .

title: The changes in cardiac dimensions and function in XXXX with @entity454 undergoing hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy', 'concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have previously shown that an F9 @entity14641 @entity1968 receptor beta(2) ( @entity4882 (2)) knockout cell line exhibits no growth arrest in response to @entity1968 (RA), whereas F9 wild type (Wt), F9 RARalpha(-/-), and F9 RARgamma(-/-) cell lines do growth arrest in response to RA. To examine the role of @entity4882 (2) in growth inhibition, we analyzed the cell cycle regulatory proteins affected by RA in F9 Wt and F9 @entity4882 (2)(-/-) cells. Flow microfluorimetry analyses revealed that RA treatment of F9 Wt cells greatly increased the percentage of cells in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, RA did not alter the cell cycle distribution profile of @entity4882 (2)(-/-) cells. In F9 Wt cells, @entity4910 , D3, and cyclin E protein levels decreased, while @entity17946 and @entity993 levels increased after RA treatment. Compared to the F9 Wt cells, the F9 @entity4882 (2)(-/-) cells exhibited lower levels of cyclins D1, D2, D3, and E in the absence of RA, but did not exhibit further changes in the levels of these cell cycle regulators after RA addition. Since RA significantly increased the level of @entity993 protein (approximately 24-fold) in F9 Wt as compared to the F9 @entity4882 (2)(-/-) cells, we chose to study @entity993 in greater detail. The @entity993 mRNA level and the rate of @entity993 protein synthesis were increased in RA-treated F9 Wt cells, but not in F9 @entity4882 (2)(-/-) cells. Moreover, RA increased the half-life of @entity993 protein in F9 Wt cells. Reduced expression of @entity4882 (2) is associated with the process of @entity105 and @entity4882 (2) can mediate the growth arrest induced by RA in a variety of @entity5 cells. Using both genetic and molecular approaches, we have identified some of the molecular mechanisms, such as the large elevation of @entity993 , through which @entity4882 (2) mediates these growth inhibitory effects of RA in F9 cells.

title: XXXX causes cell growth arrest and an increase in @entity993 in F9 wild type but not in F9 @entity1968 receptor beta2 knockout cells.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic acid']


abstract: Cell transplantation has recently emerged as a novel therapy for @entity741 . The presented study investigated the effect of intramyocardial transfer of @entity1 endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and stromal-cell derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) on left ventricular function in a chronic setting after @entity583 in @entity205 treated @entity35 . @entity1603 -labeled EPCs (10(6)), 10 microg SDF-1alpha, EPCs+SDF-1alpha or placebo medium were injected directly into the border @entity1188 zone 4 weeks after @entity583 . Eight weeks after transplantation, echocardiography identified significantly improved fractional shortening after EPC or EPCs+SDF-1alpha injection as compared with injection of placebo medium. Investigating isolated hearts revealed a significant increase in left ventricular developing pressure after transplantation of SDF-1alpha or EPCs+SDF-1alpha. Furthermore, coronary flow rates were significantly elevated, especially after transplantation of EPCs+SDF-1alpha (under @entity2922 stress 24.2 +/- 1.55 ml/min vs. 13.1 +/- 1 ml/min in the control) correlating with increased density of @entity18518 + vessel structures in the EPC as well as EPCs+SDF-1alpha groups, thus defining a higher rate of @entity2295 . Notably, SDF-1alpha injected hearts showed only a trend towards improvement in coronary flow. @entity1603 + signals were detected in @entity1188 areas, partially integrating into vascular networks. The rate of apoptotic cells as well as the amount of inflammatory cells was significantly elevated in the placebo control group. In conclusion, transplantation of EPCs as well as EPCs+SDF-1alpha associated with improvement in cardiac function after @entity1188 , which was attributable to enhanced @entity2295 and decreased @entity32 . These results imply a combined benefit of EPCs+SDF-1alpha in the treatment of @entity583 .

title: Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells improves @entity2295 and left ventricular function after @entity583 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is known that endotoxin tolerance prevents lethality after @entity63 /reperfusion injuries (e.g., @entity583 ) in laboratory animals. We used a @entity35 model of partial @entity99 /reperfusion to investigate whether endotoxin tolerance prevents associated @entity409 . DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: University research facility. SUBJECTS: Male @entity35 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity99 was initiated by atraumatic clipping across the portal venous and hepatic arterial blood supply to the left lateral lobe for 90 mins. The common bile duct was canalized, and in a second set of experiments the bile duct of the left lateral lobe was canalized selectively. Bile flow, @entity3645 , and transaminases were determined during @entity63 and 300 mins of reperfusion in endotoxin-tolerant and -nontolerant @entity35 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Endotoxin-nontolerant animals showed a 50% lethality after @entity99 /reperfusion injuries. All endotoxin-tolerant @entity35 survived and did not react with any change in bile flow, showing a constant flow. The amount of @entity3645 in the common bile duct was reduced during @entity63 and regained the concentrations of sham-operated animals 60 mins after reperfusion. From 180 mins after reperfusion, the difference between endotoxin-tolerant and -nontolerant animals was statistically significant. When @entity6741 concentration was determined in the @entity2806 , @entity63 /reperfusion was found to significantly decrease in endotoxin-nontolerant @entity35 60 mins after reperfusion. In contrast, endotoxin-tolerant @entity35 produced normal amounts of @entity3645 60 mins after reperfusion. At 120 mins after reperfusion, the amount of @entity3645 in the formerly @entity2806 was more than normal. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of partial @entity99 /reperfusion, endotoxin tolerance prevents @entity63 /reperfusion injury-associated lethality and local disorders of liver function. This phenomenon induced by endotoxin tolerance may be useful in liver surgery to prevent @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

title: Effects of endotoxin tolerance on liver function after @entity99 /reperfusion injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left lateral lobe']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['lethality and disorders of liver function']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic ischemia', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Plant @entity3150 and stanols are structurally similar to @entity165 and when added to the diet they are able to reduce serum total- and LDL- @entity165 concentrations. They also lower serum @entity412 concentrations in @entity1 , particularly under conditions of @entity2298 . The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanism by which plant @entity3150 and stanols reduce serum @entity412 concentrations in high-fat diet (HFD) fed @entity19 . Male C57BL/6J @entity19 were fed HFD for 4 weeks. Subsequently, they received HFD, HFD supplemented with 3.1% plant @entity13257 (PSE) or HFD supplemented with 3.1% plant stanol ester (PSA) for another three weeks. Both PSE and PSA feeding resulted in decreased plasma @entity412 concentrations compared with HFD, while plasma @entity165 levels were unchanged. Interestingly, hepatic @entity165 levels were decreased in the PSE/PSA groups compared with HFD and no differences were found in hepatic @entity412 levels between groups. To investigate the mechanism underlying the hypotriglyceridemic effects from PSE/PSA feeding, we measured chylomicron and @entity47537 secretion. PSE and PSA feeding resulted in reduced @entity47537 secretion, while no differences were found between groups in chylomicron secretion. In conclusion, our data indicate that plasma @entity412 -lowering resulting from PSE and PSA feeding is associated with decreased hepatic @entity47537 secretion.

title: Serum TG-lowering properties of plant XXXX and stanols are associated with decreased hepatic @entity47537 secretion.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity13257 :: ('CHEBI:35915', 'Chemical') :: ['sterol ester']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: @entity1282 is more frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity64 , bulbar or @entity5487 , @entity746 , cranial @entity130 ). Furthermore, the presence of this pathology is obviously more frequently noted in the light of the increase in the length of the @entity1 life span. It has become evident that alternative feeding procedures such as the nasogastric tube or gastrostomy may bring about complications and @entity1949 @entity1 of the oral phase of deglutition which plays a leading role in stimulating digestive functions. The Authors report a systematic research on the rehabilitation aspects of @entity1282 . All the @entity1 studied underwent a neurological examination and oropharyngeal functional evaluation using echo-videorecording of the oral phase of deglutition and fluoro-videorecording of the pharyngeal phase. The data obtained allowed for the selection of five @entity1 considered suitable for the rehabilitation program. One of them had a multi-infarct @entity75 , two a @entity1158 f.b.c., a fourth a @entity76 and the last a sequela of @entity1653 removal of the ponto-cerebellar angle with @entity3541 of the right VII, IX, X, XI cranial nerves. This last @entity1 also underwent a crico-pharyngeal myotomy. Therapy consisted in making the @entity1 sensitive to swallowing movements and in training them to assume a compensatory posture as well as functional rehabilitation of the organs involved in deglutition. The first datum emerging from the study is the lack of etiological homogeneity found in the cases treated with evident variability in @entity73 , even though there was the common denominator of the @entity1282 symptom. With regard to the results obtained, there was a complete resolution in one @entity1 , while in the other four there was such an improvement as to allow the @entity1 a safe autonomous oral assumption of food. The positive results obtained are not only linked to the recovery of damaged organs, but also to the development of compensatory strategies such as the choice of appropriate food consistency and the assumption of postures which protect the respiratory tract from aspiration and favor crico-pharyngeal relaxation.

title: [Rehabilitation of oro-pharyngeal XXXX of neurogenic etiology using radiological examination: preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['different deglutition organ impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['pseudo-bulbar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenous dysphagia', 'Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral paralysis']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is a major cause of @entity204 and important driver of health care costs. Recent German health care reforms have promoted integrated care contracts allowing statutory health insurance providers more room to organize health care provision. One provider offers KardioPro, an integrated primary care-based @entity301 prevention program. As insurance providers should be aware of the financial consequences when developing optional programs, this study aims to analyze the costs associated with KardioPro participation. 13,264 KardioPro @entity1 were compared with a propensity score-matched control group. Post-enrollment health care costs were calculated based on routine data over a follow-up period of up to 4 years. For those @entity1 who incurred costs, KardioPro participation was significantly associated with increased physician costs (by 33%), reduced hospital costs (by 19%), and reduced pharmaceutical costs (by 16%). Overall costs were increased by 4%, but this was not significant. Total excess costs per observation year were    131 per @entity1 (95% confidence interval: [   -36.5;    296]). Overall, KardioPro likely affected treatment as the program increased costs of physician services and reduced costs of hospital services. Further effects of substituting potential inpatient care with increased outpatient care might become fully apparent only over a longer time horizon.

title: The excess health care costs of KardioPro, an integrated care program for XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']