abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes and midterm survival rate between open surgical repair (OSR) and @entity439 repair (EVAR) of @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) in a Chinese population. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of the demographic characteristics and perioperative outcomes from 59 RAAA @entity1 (mean 66.6      13.3  years of age; 49 @entity1 ) undergoing OSR or EVAR at our center between January 2003 and November 2014. The perioperative mortality and midterm survival were assessed and compared between the OSR and EVAR groups. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 underwent OSR, and 36 @entity1 underwent EVAR. The overall 30-day mortality was 36.5% (47.8% OSR vs. 27.8% EVAR, P  =  0.14). Total surgical time, estimated @entity190 , and blood transfusion in the OSR group were significantly greater than those in the EVAR group (P  <  0.001). Reintervention within 30  days and during the follow-up was more frequent in the EVAR group (36.1%) than in the OSR group (8.7%, P  =  0.026). The mean follow-up was 38.2      29.3  months (range 6-100). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (P  =  0.079). The overall survival rate at 1  year was 52.5% (31/59). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that free intraperitoneal @entity397 (odds ratio [OR] 0.143, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.030-0.694, P  =  0.016) and @entity65 (OR 0.072, 95% CI 0.006-0.898, P  =  0.041) were independent risk factors for the 30-day mortality. Only intraperitoneal @entity397 was associated with the higher midterm mortality (OR 4.852, 95% CI 1.046-22.499, P  =  0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In an experienced vascular center in China, although the 30-day mortality and midterm survival of @entity1755 were not significantly different between the EVAR and OSR groups, EVAR has superior perioperative advantages. Consequently, EVAR is recommended as the first-line treatment for anatomically suitable RAAA.

title: Endovascular Versus Open Repair for XXXX in a Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['RAAAs', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: The formation and disappearance of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) produced by @entity8779 (4-dmDR) in @entity19 @entity19 @entity1778 cells and in a resistant subline were examined by alkaline elution methods in relation to cellular pharmacokinetics. DNA strand breaks produced by this intercalating agent were essentially DNA lesions mediated by topoisomerase II, even at very high drug concentrations, since they were detected as protein-associated breaks by filter elution. Similarly, the appearance of delayed DNA breaks in cells exposed to high concentrations, following drug removal, showed predominance of protein-associated breaks, thus supporting a similar mechanism of breakage induction. This finding indirectly suggests that, in this experimental model, free radical production makes little (if any) contribution to DNA damage, and also that DNA effects are not the consequence of early cell death. In contrast to a rapid disappearance of protein-associated strand breaks produced by intercalating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors of different classes, DNA breaks induced by low concentrations of the @entity4349 derivative are only partially reversible following drug removal, but they persisted and even increased with high concentrations. Thus, not only the extent of DNA breaks but also their persistence may contribute to the cytotoxic potency of @entity8253 . The importance of DNA lesions to cytotoxic action of the @entity4349 is also emphasized by drug effect on the resistant line. A negligible effect on DNA of resistant cells was detected at drug concentrations lethal to sensitive cells. However, exposure to equitoxic drug concentrations resulted in a comparable amount of DNA breaks in sensitive and resistant cells. Although faster DNA rejoining in resistant cells may be in part attributable to increased efflux of drug, no correlation exists between cell drug accumulation and extent of DNA lesions. With equitoxic drug concentrations cellular drug content was higher in resistant cells, suggesting an intrinsic insensitivity of this variant to DNA cleavage effects of the @entity4349 .

title: Formation, resealing and persistence of DNA breaks produced by @entity8779 in @entity19 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['4-demethoxydaunorubicin']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity158 is a common reason for seeking healthcare. @entity1118 is commonly comorbid with @entity146 . New evidence provides fresh insights into the nature of the link between @entity2531 and offers opportunity to refine treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS: Even though @entity308 is the most commonly studied comorbid @entity146 , new studies show that other @entity146 , especially @entity148 , are also common. Comorbid conditions, including other chronic physical conditions, account for a substantial proportion of the disability associated with @entity1118 conditions. The causal link between chronic @entity2531 may vary depending on the specific @entity146 , but the link may be mediated by biological, psychological, and social factors. Recent findings also suggest that the evolution of the comorbidity may differ between the sexes. Promising interventions for @entity1118 that also target contextual psychosocial problems have been recently described. SUMMARY: The frequent occurrence of @entity146 among @entity1 with @entity158 , especially those whose @entity158 is chronic, has implications for the management of such @entity1 . Current understanding of the complexity of this link not only provides opportunities for designing appropriate interventions but also raises new questions for further research.

title: Psychiatric aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric disorders', 'mental disorder', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effects of @entity3371 and @entity2165 on quality of life of @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: In a randomly allocated double-blind crossover trial with two 6-week treatment periods @entity3371 at 25 mg twice a day or @entity2165 at 50 mg once a day were administered to 265 @entity101 @entity1 (mean age 56 years; 55% @entity1 ). Of these, 65% were newly treated @entity101 and 35% were previously uncontrolled on a diuretic alone. A seated diastolic blood pressure of 95-115 mmHg was required after a 3-week placebo run-in period. Any previous diuretic therapy was changed to @entity918 (25 mg once a day) and the dose was kept constant throughout the trial. Newly diagnosed @entity1 did not take a diuretic at any time. Quality of life was assessed from self-completed questionnaires measuring psychological well-being, symptomatic side effects of treatment, and activity and perceived well-being (a health index). A relative's perception of the @entity1 ' mood was also obtained where possible. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 withdrew on @entity2165 and 10 on @entity3371 . No differences between the drugs were observed in quality of life measures, and 95% confidence intervals suggested that important differences were excluded. CONCLUSION: We conclude that at the doses used in this trial there were no important differences between @entity3371 and @entity2165 in their effects on quality of life.

title: Quality of life in @entity101 treated with @entity2165 or XXXX : a double-blind crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factor @entity403 ( @entity403 ) is involved in immune cell regulation, and @entity23314 ( @entity23314 ) is an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. These two genes are associated with @entity5 progression. In the current study, colon tissue specimens from 78 cases of @entity694 (including 40 of stage I-II and 38 of stage III-IV), 30 cases of @entity1586 and 12 healthy controls were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2010 and December 2011. The expression of @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) 3, @entity404 , @entity405 , CD45RO, @entity23314 and @entity403 in colon tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, based on SYBR Green I, was used to detect CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , CD45RO, @entity23314 and @entity403 mRNA levels in the paraffin block specimens. CD3(+), @entity405 (+) and CD45RO(+) T cell infiltrations in @entity1586 were significantly higher than in normal colonic mucosa (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, CD3(+), @entity405 (+) and CD45RO(+) lymphocytes in stage III-IV @entity694 tissues were lower than in normal control tissues (P=0.015, P=0.002 and P=0.041, respectively); consistently, CD3(+), @entity404 (+), @entity405 (+) and CD45RO(+) lymphocytes in stage III-IV tissues were even more markedly lower compared with @entity652 (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Similarly, CD3(+), @entity405 (+) and CD45RO(+) T cell infiltration was lower in stage I-II @entity5 tissues compared with @entity652 (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001). CD3(+), @entity404 (+), @entity405 (+) and CD45RO(+) T cell infiltrations were also significantly higher in stage I-II compared with stage III-IV @entity5 tissues (P<0.001, P=0.045, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). @entity23314 was found to gradually increase from normal colon tissue to @entity652 and @entity5 tissue. @entity403 was expressed more highly in stage I-II compared with normal tissues (P=0.014), and was even higher in stage III-IV (P<0.001). These results were verified using RT-qPCR, which yielded almost identical results. In summary, the current study demonstrates that @entity403 , @entity23314 and T cell infiltration are significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of @entity694 , and that immune reactions vary between different stages of @entity694 development.

title: @entity403 and XXXX expression and T cell infiltration in the occurrence and development of @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity23314 :: ('4680', 'Gene') :: ['CEACAM6', 'carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cluster of differentiation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenoma']

answer: @entity23314 :: (4680,Gene) :: ['CEACAM6']


abstract: @entity1643 that is associated with @entity1797 contributes to a huge economic burden in the worldwide healthcare system. Traditional methods, such as spinal fusion, have been adopted to relieve @entity615 , but this is compromised by decreased spinal motion. Tissue engineering has attracted much attention, and aims to correct the changes fundamentally occurring in the discs by a combination of cell biology, molecular biology and engineering. Synthetic materials including @entity7049 or @entity6886 and biomolecules like hyaluronic acid or collagen have been adopted in the development of disc scaffolds for studying therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, the complex biological and mechanical environment of the intervertebral disc (IVD) makes the synthesis of an artificial IVD with biomaterials a difficult task. Thus the aim of this study was to develop a natural disc scaffold for culturing disc cells for future development of biological disc constructs. We adopted a combination of currently used decellularization techniques to decellularize @entity291 IVD to create a complete endplate-to-endplate IVD scaffold. By altering the chemical and physical decellularization parameters, we reported the removal of up to 70% of the endogenous cells, and were able to preserve the glycosaminoglycan content, collagen fibril architecture and mechanical properties of the discs. The reintroduction of nucleus pulposus cells into the scaffold indicated a high survival rate over 7days, with cell penetration. We have shown here that conventional methods used for decellularizing thin tissues can also be applied to large organs, such as IVD. Our findings suggest the potential of using decellularized IVD as a scaffold for IVD bioengineering and culturing of cells in the context of the IVD niche.

title: Decellularized XXXX intervertebral disc as a natural scaffold for xenogenic cell studies.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical back pain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4443 ( @entity15490 ) play a central role in @entity565 . Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) reduces @entity32 in clinical studies and in experimental models. This study investigated whether AE attenuates LT pathway activation in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of @entity565 . METHODS: Sixty-four male, BALB/c @entity19 were distributed into Control, Exercise (Exe), OVA, and OVA   +   Exe groups. Treadmill training was performed at moderate intensity, 5*/week, 1   h/session for 4   weeks. Quantification of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity, leukocytes, airway remodeling, @entity59 , @entity1312 , @entity26510 ( @entity26510 ), and @entity8285 ( @entity8285 ) in BAL was performed. In addition, quantitative analyses on peribronchial leukocytes and airway epithelium for LT pathway agents: 5-lypoxygenase (5-LO), @entity25899 ( @entity25899 ), CysLT1 receptor, @entity36091 receptor, @entity36092 , and @entity8285 receptor 2 ( @entity36093 ) were performed. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to @entity2710 ( @entity17695 ) was assessed via whole body plethysmography. RESULTS: AE decreased eosinophils (p   <   0.001), neutrophils (p   >   0.001), lymphocytes (p   <   0.001), and macrophages (p   <   0.01) in BAL, as well as eosinophils (p   <   0.01), lymphocytes (p   <   0.001), and macrophages (p   >   0.001) in airway walls. Collagen (p   <   0.01), elastic fibers (p   <   0.01), mucus production (p   <   0.01), and smooth muscle thickness (p   <   0.01), as well as @entity59 (p   <   0.01), @entity1312 (p   <   0.01), @entity26510 (p   <   0.01), and @entity8285 (p   <   0.01) in BAL were reduced. 5-LO (p   <   0.05), @entity25899 (p   <   0.05), CysLT1 receptor (p   <   0.001), @entity36091 receptor (p   <   0.001), @entity36092 (p   <   0.001), and @entity36093 (p   <   0.01) expression by peribronchial leukocytes and airway epithelium were reduced. Lastly, AHR to @entity17695 25   mg/mL (p   <   0.05) and 50   mg/mL (p   <   0.01) was reduced. CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity AE attenuated @entity565 phenotype and LT production in both pulmonary leukocytes and airway epithelium of OVA-treated @entity19 .

title: Aerobic Exercise Reduces XXXX Phenotype by Modulation of the Leukotriene Pathway.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B4', 'LTB4']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['CysLT', 'cysteinyl leukotriene']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our diagnostic and therapeutic experience of @entity1 with urinary tract @entity46 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 22 cases of urinary tract @entity46 with histopathological results from 2001 to 2007. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 36.0 years. Of the 22 @entity1 , 4 had bladder involvement and 18 ureteral involvement. In those with @entity1494 , the diagnosis was made by cystoscopy and biopsy in 4 @entity1 . The treatments consisted of partial cystectomy in 3 @entity1 and transurethral resection of the bladder in 1 @entity1 . One of the @entity1 who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder experienced 1 relapse. The relapse was treated with partial cystectomy. In the @entity1 with @entity1901 , the diagnosis was mainly established by ultrasound (18 cases), intravenous urography (11 cases), retrograde pyelography (7 cases), CT (14 cases) and @entity7994 (5 cases). The treatments consisted of ureterolysis in 1 @entity1 ,ureteroneocystostomy in 4, and ureteral resection and end-to-end @entity254 in 13 of them. All the @entity1 pathologic results were of @entity46 . CONCLUSION: Urinary tract @entity46 is an uncommon disease. Partial cystectomy should be considered as the therapeutic option for @entity1494 . For cases of @entity1901 , the first technique depends on the location, extent and depth of the lesion.

title: [Diagnose and therapy for urinary tract XXXX : a report of 22 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: @entity788 remains as one of the most aggressive @entity1 @entity5 , with overall poor survival rates. Radical surgery of the @entity75 is the best option for treatment. Borderline resectable @entity788 (BRPT), defined as partial involvement of peripancreatic vasculature, may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. We report on the first two BRPT cases treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation at our institution. Preoperative CT and MRI demonstrated @entity788 encasing the porto-mesenteric confluence suggestive of BRPT. @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity136 / @entity900 ), followed by radiochemotherapy. After treatment, follow-up images demonstrated @entity5 downsize, allowing for the @entity5 to be considered then as resectable. They underwent partial pancreatoduodenectomies (Whipple procedure). In case 1, histopathology revealed a complete, margin-free resection, whereas in case 2 there was a complete pathological response, with no evidence of @entity41 . According to the literature, our initial experience using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on BRPT allowed us to downsize the @entity5 and, subsequently, to perform a curative surgery.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for borderline XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The escalating number of @entity1 self-injecting medications, predominantly insulin, has generated concerns that the public is at risk of acquiring @entity1503 from discarded needles/syringes. Communities have developed disposal guidelines but a debate continues over the need for further legislation and/or at-home safety devices. This study examines the number, characteristics, treatment and costs of community-acquired @entity2949 (CANSIs). METHODS: US-representative CANSI rates and characteristics were derived from 2001-08 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program data on product-related injuries treated at US @entity341 ( @entity341 ). CANSI-related medical care was examined using 2003-09 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, representing all US @entity2613 visits. Cost analyses used 2010 Current Procedural Terminology Coding and Medicare rates. RESULTS: In 2001-08, an estimated 16 677 CANSIs were treated in US @entity341 , with an associated annual rate of 0.7 per 100 000 US citizens (95% CI 0.6-0.8) and no observable temporal trend. The estimated maximum annual medical cost of @entity2613 -treated CANSIs was  9.8 million, or  0.03 per citizen,  1.66 per insulin-injecting @entity1 and  0.0018 per insulin injection. CONCLUSIONS: US @entity2613 -treated CANSI rates are extremely low. Stricter disposal programs and the at-home use of safety devices do not appear to be needed at this time.

title: Community-acquired, non-occupational XXXX treated in US Emergency Departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['needlestick injuries']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood-borne infections']

answer: @entity2949 :: (MESH:D016602,Disease) :: ['needlestick injuries']


abstract: We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung @entity3 and vaccination with @entity5 cells that produced @entity2047 , @entity60 ( @entity60 ), and @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) using the @entity19 Renca pulmonary @entity3 model. Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for @entity2047 , @entity60 , or @entity2304 to express these cytokines. W/Renca, @entity2047 -producing Renca (Renca/ @entity2047 ), and @entity60 -producing Renca ( @entity60 ) produced subcutaneous @entity5 at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight @entity19 , respectively. No @entity5 were found in the @entity2304 -producing Renca (Renca/ @entity2304 ) group (zero of eight). Renca/ @entity60 produced subcutaneous (s.c.) @entity5 in all Balb/c @entity19 , but Renca/ @entity2047 and Renca/ @entity2304 did not. To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c @entity19 were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/ @entity2047 , @entity60 , and Renca/ @entity2304 or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. The animals were killed on day 21 and @entity5 nodules in the lungs were enumerated. Neither local irradiation alone nor the combination of lung radiation and multiple vaccination with irradiated W/Renca significantly reduced the number of @entity2 . In contrast, the combination of lung radiation and the multiple vaccinations with cytokine-producing Renca cells significantly reduced the number of @entity2 . This regimen was more effective than the multiple vaccinations with cytokine-producing Renca cells alone. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of vaccination with @entity5 cells expressing these cytokines and sensitization of the @entity5 target with radiation.

title: Immunotherapy for lung metastases of @entity19 renal cell carcinoma: synergy between radiation and cytokine-producing XXXX vaccines.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Renca/IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Reports of @entity137 secondary to Kratom are rare and lack of diagnostic testing in @entity1 specimens has prevented confirmatory explanation of observed clinical effects. We present a novel case of serious @entity1 @entity137 following Kratom use confirmed via quantitative analysis of urine by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. A 64  year-old male was witnessed to have a @entity410 at home following kratom consumption. Upon arrival to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), the @entity1 was unresponsive. While in the @entity341 , the @entity1 sustained a second @entity410 . He was intubated to protect his airway. The remainder of his hospital course was uneventful. A urine specimen was collected shortly after admission and sent for analysis. The @entity21637 concentration in the urine was 167        15  ng/ml. We report a rare case of Kratom @entity137 characterized by a @entity410 and @entity772 confirmed by urinary analysis of @entity21637 by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed mechanism for this reaction is unclear but suggested mechanisms include @entity859 binding or stimulation of adrenergic and/or serotonergic receptors similar to @entity1340 .

title: XXXX and @entity772 following Kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity21637 :: ('MESH:C001801', 'Chemical') :: ['mitragynine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gene expression studies in @entity320 have been few because @entity5 are small and cryopreservation is rarely possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Illumina DASL Array @entity1 Cancer Panel for gene expression studies in @entity406 -fixed @entity320 and to identify prognostic biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Primary @entity5 from two studies were sampled using a tissue microarray needle. Study 1: 254 @entity5 from a @entity320 cohort recruited from 2000 to 2006. Study 2: 218 @entity5 from a case-control study of @entity1 undergoing sentinel node biopsy. RESULTS: RNA was obtained from 76% of blocks; 1.4% of samples failed analysis (transcripts from <250 of the 502 genes on the DASL chip detected). Increasing age of the block and increased melanin in the @entity5 were associated with reduced number of genes detected. The gene whose expression was most differentially expressed in association with relapse-free survival in study 1 was @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ; P = 2.11 x 10(-6)) and supportive evidence for this was obtained in study 2 used as a validation set (P = 0.006; unadjusted data). @entity1096 level in study 1 remained a significant predictor of relapse-free survival when data were adjusted for age, sex, @entity5 site, and histologic predictors of relapse. Genes whose expression correlated most strongly with @entity1096 were @entity31250 , @entity23249 (survivin), and @entity15263 . CONCLUSION: Expression data were obtained from 74% of primary @entity320 and provided confirmatory evidence that @entity1096 expression is a prognostic biomarker. These results suggest that predictive biomarker studies may be possible using stored blocks from mature clinical trials.

title: Gene expression profiling of paraffin-embedded primary @entity320 using the DASL assay identifies increased XXXX expression as predictive of reduced relapse-free survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1096 :: ('6696', 'Gene') :: ['osteopontin', 'Osteopontin', 'SPP1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma primary tumors', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['osteopontin']


abstract: Health staff and elementary school teachers are key @entity1 in prophylactic activity which is based on personal contact between the advisor and recipient. It is conceivable that their own habits play a part in how prophylactic information is distributed. This investigation describes how groups such as these consume @entity167 and @entity286 during pregnancy. As part of a local community experiment in which pregnant @entity1 in Odense participated in an information campaign from April 1985 to April 1987, information was collected concerning the habits of pregnant @entity1 until the 36th week of pregnancy. This information was collected in self-completed questionnaires which were sent anonymously to the Department of Social Medicine in Odense University. 87% out of the 13,815 pregnant @entity1 who attended midwives' clinics from April 1984 to April 1987 in Odense and Aalborg were included in the investigation. The following groups were selected for further analysis: nurses (627 @entity1 ), nursing aides (492 @entity1 ), doctors (85 @entity1 ) and school teachers (468 @entity1 ) and the group of office workers (1,136 @entity1 ) was employed for comparison. The investigation revealed that school teachers, doctors and nurses had higher average consumption of @entity167 during pregnancy than office workers. On the other hand, these groups has fewer episodes with consumption of eight or more drinks on a single occasion. Similarly, elementary school teachers, and the health groups (with the exception of nursing aides) smoked less. This investigation provided no evidence that these selected groups altered their habits on account of the informative campaigns which were directed to all pregnant @entity1 in the Odense region.

title: [Consumption of XXXX and @entity286 during pregnancy by health advisors. An investigation of nurses, nurses' aides, physicians and school teachers].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'women']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity5754 ( @entity5754 ) and high-altitude @entity2657 share common clinical characteristics, suggesting @entity4 may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of @entity5754 . @entity519 and @entity13147 associated with high altitude are known to exert strong effects on the control of the cerebral circulation, yet how these effects interact during acute @entity519 , and whether @entity5754 -susceptible subjects may have a unique response, is still unclear. To test if self-identified @entity5754 -susceptible individuals show altered @entity4 in response to acute @entity519 , we used quantitative arterial spin-labeling and volumetric MRI to measure cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume changes during 40 min of acute @entity519 . We estimated changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) (from changes in cerebral blood flow) and brain parenchyma swelling (from changes in CBV and CSF). Subjects with extensive high-altitude experience in two groups participated: self-identified @entity5754 -susceptible (n = 6), who invariably experienced @entity5754 at altitude, and self-identified @entity5754 -resistant (n = 6), who almost never experienced symptoms. During 40-min @entity519 , intracranial CSF volume decreased significantly [-10.5 ml (SD 6.9), P < 0.001]. There were significant increases in CBV [+2.3 ml (SD 2.5), P < 0.005] and brain parenchyma volume [+8.2 ml (SD 6.4), P < 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference between self-identified @entity5754 -susceptible and @entity5754 -resistant groups for these acute-phase changes. In acute @entity519 , @entity4 occurs earlier than previously described, with significant shifts in intracranial CSF occurring as early as 40 min after exposure. These acute-phase changes are present in all individuals, irrespective of susceptibility to @entity5754 .

title: Early XXXX in acute @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral swelling', 'brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['Acute mountain sickness', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In response to a large number of cases of @entity1902 reporting to Sulyyel hospital, an outbreak investigation was conducted to identify its source, to assess its extent and to make recommendations on the prevention of such outbreaks in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A CASE WAS DEFINED AS ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO DEVELOPED DIARRHEA WITH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS: @entity490 , @entity221 or @entity391 within three days of eating at the wedding ceremony. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify food items and circumstances responsible for this outbreak. RESULTS: A total of 283 individuals were interviewed, 88 of whom developed @entity1902 , most commonly manifested by @entity294 (100%), @entity490 (94.3%) and @entity221 (86.4%). The majority of @entity1 interviewed were Saudis (89.1%) and 21.6% were males. The median incubation period was 20.6    2.77 hours and the epidemic curve suggested a common point source outbreak. Out of 9 food items and drinks served at the wedding ceremony, 3 food items were significantly associated with illness: meat ranked first (RR=16.7, 95% CI=2.37-115.8), followed by @entity579 (RR=13.6 95% CI=1.95-93.61), and restaurant made sweets (RR=1.9, 95% CI=1.35-2.58). Out of 62 stool samples collected from cases, 40 (64.5 %) grew @entity5746 group C non-typhoid. CONCLUSION: @entity5746 was considered the causative agent of this food-borne outbreak. Meat and @entity579 served at the wedding party were the food items incriminated. Time, temperature misuse, inadequate heat treatment, and @entity12168 were the most important factors causing this outbreak.

title: Outbreak of food borne XXXX among guests of a wedding ceremony: The role of cultural factors.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['unhygienic handling']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective form of @entity28 management for those whose BMI is greater than 40 (or 35 with co morbidities). A minority of @entity1 , however, either do not show the desired loss of excess weight or show weight regain by follow up. Research highlights some of the reasons for this variability, most of which centres on the absence of any psychological support with @entity1 describing how although surgery fixes their body, psychological issues relating to dietary control, self esteem, @entity1277 remain neglected.The present study aims to evaluate the impact of a health psychology led bariatric rehabilitation service ( @entity4375 ) on @entity1 health outcomes. The bariatric rehabilitation service will provide information, support and mentoring pre and post surgery and will address psychological issues such as dietary control, self esteem, @entity1277 . The package reflects the rehabilitation services now common place for @entity1 post @entity299 and @entity64 which have been shown to improve @entity1 health outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is a randomised control trial and @entity1 will be allocated to receive either usual care or the bariatric rehabilitation service pre and post bariatric surgery. Follow up measures of @entity353 and psychological issues will be taken at baseline (2 weeks preoperatively), 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The contents of the bariatric service and the follow up measures are based on previous pilot work and have been developed further by the research team working closely with two @entity1 support groups (BOSPA _ WLSinfo). This study will take place in St Richard's Hospital in Chichester in the UK. DISCUSSION: It is predicted that a bariatric rehabilitation service will improve @entity353 following surgery and will also facilitate changes in other psychological variables such as quality of life, dietary control, self esteem, @entity1277 . This also has cost implications for the @entity9462 and other healthcare providers as improved effectiveness of bariatric surgery reduces the health costs of @entity28 @entity1 in the longer term. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01264120.

title: The impact of a bariatric rehabilitation service on XXXX and psychological adjustment--study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['coping and emotional eating']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The influence of free and @entity5347 ( @entity5348 ) copolymer-bound @entity632 (ADR) on the induction of multidrug resistance in the A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell line was studied in vitro. It was found that chronic exposure to free ADR led to an increase in resistance to ADR and @entity1311 and overexpression of the @entity1262 gene. No significant changes in the expression of the @entity11092 gene were found during adaptation to free ADR. In addition to @entity1262 gene-encoded multidrug resistance, a significant increase in the resistance against ADR was found before the overexpression of the @entity1262 gene was measurable. This non- @entity1262 resistance does not appear to be connected with @entity11092 gene-encoded resistance. During adaptation to free ADR, changes in cellular metabolism such as increased rate of @entity413 uptake, oxidation and glycolysis were detected. Adapted sensitive A2780 cells expressed the @entity1262 gene and possessed almost the same decreased sensitivity toward ADR as the ADR-resistant @entity1 @entity43 A2780/AD cells. However, they significantly differed in proliferation rate, cellular metabolism and @entity11092 gene expression. On the contrary, multidrug resistance was not induced after repeated exposure of sensitive A2780 cells to @entity5348 copolymer-bound @entity632 . The cells did not express the @entity1262 gene, the expression of the @entity11092 gene was partially inhibited, and the resistance against Taxol was decreased. Differences were also observed in metabolic changes. In summary, the data indicate that, contrary to free ADR, @entity5348 copolymer-bound ADR does not induce multidrug resistance in A2780 cell culture after repeated exposure.

title: Chronic exposure to @entity5348 copolymer-bound XXXX does not induce multidrug resistance in a @entity1 @entity43 cell line.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5347 :: ('MESH:C032976', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and @entity989 remain important complications of type 1 @entity6 . It is unclear whether their progression is slowed by early administration of drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, controlled trial involving 285 normotensive @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and normoalbuminuria and who were randomly assigned to receive @entity9886 (100 mg daily), @entity4688 (20 mg daily), or placebo and followed for 5 years. The primary end point was a change in the fraction of glomerular volume occupied by mesangium in kidney-biopsy specimens. The @entity989 end point was a progression on a @entity989 severity scale of two steps or more. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed with the use of linear regression and logistic-regression models. RESULTS: A total of 90% and 82% of @entity1 had complete renal-biopsy and @entity989 data, respectively. Change in mesangial fractional volume per glomerulus over the 5-year period did not differ significantly between the placebo group (0.016 units) and the @entity4688 group (0.005, P=0.38) or the @entity9886 group (0.026, P=0.26), nor were there significant treatment benefits for other biopsy-assessed renal structural variables. The 5-year cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria was 6% in the placebo group; the incidence was higher with @entity9886 (17%, P=0.01 by the log-rank test) but not with @entity4688 (4%, P=0.96 by the log-rank test). As compared with placebo, the odds of @entity989 progression by two steps or more was reduced by 65% with @entity4688 (odds ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14 to 0.85) and by 70% with @entity9886 (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.73), independently of changes in blood pressure. There were three biopsy-related serious adverse events that completely resolved. Chronic cough occurred in 12 @entity1 receiving @entity4688 , 6 receiving @entity9886 , and 4 receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Early blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 did not slow @entity8 progression but slowed the progression of @entity989 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00143949.)

title: Renal and retinal effects of @entity4688 and XXXX in type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphologic changes of @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA) on computed tomography (CT) before and after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and to assess the factors that are important in determining successful complete ablation of these @entity5 . METHOD: Between August 2004 and August 2011, 24 consecutive @entity1 with APA undergoing CT-guided percutaneous RFA were identified from our prospective database. The pre-RFA and post-RFA CT appearances of these APAs that showed positive biochemical response were reviewed retrospectively for their 3-dimensional size, @entity5 volume, and CT attenuation in terms of Hounsfield units (HU). A comparison of these parameters before and after RFA was performed. RESULTS: In this study, there were 23 APAs in these 24 @entity1 that showed biochemical cure of @entity1368 after RFA. When comparing post-RFA to pre-RFA CTs, there was no significant change in @entity5 size (14.5 mm vs 14.6 mm: P = .83) and @entity5 volume (1.55 cm(3) vs 1.59 cm(3); P = .41) after RFA. In nonenhanced CT images, there was no significant reduction in HU from pre-RFA to post-RFA measurements (4.4 HU vs 7.9 HU; P = .52). In contrast-enhanced CTs, there was a significant drop in HU after RFA (from 48.3 HU to 14.7 HU; P = .03). None of the included cases showed a focal region of contrast enhancement to suggest @entity5 . CONCLUSION: A change in @entity5 size, @entity5 volume, and HU in nonenhanced CT were unreliable in defining radiologic treatment success. Only changes in HU in contrast-enhanced CT was useful in confirming a positive treatment response after RFA for APA.

title: Morphologic change in computed tomography of XXXX -producing @entity652 after radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the relationships between traumatic events in childhood, such as @entity458 , @entity988 , and @entity734 , and three types of @entity1118 : @entity158 , @entity158 , and @entity239 . A fourth group, a heterogeneous group of other @entity158 , was used as a comparison group. METHOD: Ninety one @entity1 with @entity1118 , age range 20-60, were consecutively recruited from the outpatient clinics of a rehabilitation hospital and a general hospital. @entity1 were given four measures for completion at evaluation: Childhood History Questionnaire; Childhood Traumatic Events Scale; McGill Melzack @entity158 Questionnaire; @entity158 Disability Index. Chi-square was used to test significant differences among four @entity158 groups on @entity458 ; @entity988 ; @entity734 ; medications; major upheaval, @entity221 , @entity204 of a family member or friend, and separation or divorce of parents. Logistic regression was used to predict membership in the four @entity158 groups. RESULTS: All @entity158 groups had a history of abuse exceeding 48%: @entity239 , 64.7%; myofascial, 61.9%; facial, 50%; other @entity158 , 48.3%. All groups had a history of family @entity167 @entity734 exceeding 38%, and a history of @entity734 ranging from 5.8 to 19.1%. A combined history of @entity158 , @entity1 physical abuse, and @entity988 was prevalent in 12.9 to 35.3%. Logistic regression showed @entity1 who were female, with an alcoholic parent, using non-narcotic drugs were more likely to be members of the facial, myofascial, and @entity239 groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 traumatic events are significantly related to @entity1118 . Since the problem of @entity1 abuse is broader than physical and @entity458 , health and rehabilitation agencies must shift from individualized treatment to interdisciplinary treatment of the family and @entity1 .

title: Relationship between traumatic events in childhood and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient', 'Patients', 'child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['childhood illness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and physical abuse', 'sexual, physical, and verbal abuse', 'sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'Pain', 'myofascial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'drug dependence', 'drug addiction']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: A study of 58 paitents of @entity4013 was conducted. Twenty five (43.1%) @entity1 had history of photosensitivity. Twenty eight (48.2%) @entity1 were applying topical @entity230 , 2 (3.4%) @entity1 were on 10 mg of @entity617 daily. Associated @entity4013 of other sites were observed in 14 (24.13%). 23 (39.6%) @entity1 had typical circinate, arcuate, annular plaques with raised margin showing vesiculo-pustules. Atypical manifestations were in the form of arcuate plaques on the pinna in 4 @entity1 , erythematous plaques full of vesiculo-pustules without central clearing in 3. Thirty two (55.17%) @entity1 had plaques with broad edges and indistinct central clearing. In 2 @entity1 lesions resembled @entity9821 . Skin scrapings for fungus was positive in 36 (62.06%) cases. All @entity1 responded to systemic @entity3101 10mg/kg with 1% @entity1449 topicaly in 4-8 weeks.

title: Atypical manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea faciei', 'tinea']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea faciei']


abstract: Obesity is a major health problem worldwide; it is associated with more than 30 medical conditions and is a leading cause of unnecessary deaths. Adipose tissue not only acts as an energy store, but also behaves like an endocrine organ, synthesising and secreting numerous hormones and cytokines. @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) is the biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS is present in adipose tissue and evidence suggests that @entity2178 is intimately linked to @entity28 . Indeed, @entity2178 increases fat cell growth and differentiation, increases synthesis, uptake and storage of @entity1718 and @entity1674 and possibly inhibits lipolysis. Evidence obtained using genetically modified animals has shown that the amount of body fat is directly related to the amount of @entity2178 , i.e., animals with low levels of @entity2178 have reduced fat stores while animals with excessive @entity2178 have increased fat stores. In @entity1 , epidemiological evidence has shown that body fat is correlated with @entity2178 , a precursor of @entity2178 , or other components of the RAS. Furthermore, blocking the production and/or actions of @entity2178 with drugs or natural substances decreases body fat. The decrease in body fat caused by such treatments predominantly occurs in abdominal fat depots and appears to be independent of energy intake and digestibility. Clearly, @entity2178 has an important role in the accumulation of body fat and the possibility exists that treatment of @entity28 will be enhanced by the use of natural or synthetic substances that interfere with @entity2178 .

title: The problem of XXXX : is there a role for antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system?

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'ANG II', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Mechanical tensile stress in vein grafts increases suddenly under the influence of arterial blood pressure. In this study, we examined the influence of increased tensile stress on the organization of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the @entity8233 and media of the @entity35 vein grafts. An autogenous jugular vein was grafted into the abdominal aorta of the @entity35 , and changes in the organization of the vein graft SMCs were studied by observing the distribution of @entity9976 actin filaments and nuclei at 3 min and 1, 5, 10, and 30 days after surgery. In a normal jugular vein, the average wall circumferential tensile stress was approximately 3 kPa at an internal pressure of 3 mm Hg. The SMCs, that contained long, slender actin filamentous bundles, were oriented mainly in the circumferential direction of the vessel, and constituted a 2- to 3-cell-thick medial layer underneath the endothelium. In a vein graft, the wall circumferential tensile stress suddenly increased by approximately 140 times compared with the control level. In response to this suddenly increased stress, the @entity9976 layer was stretched into a structure with scattered pores and disrupted @entity9976 actin filamentous bundles within 3 min. This initial change was followed by a rapid reduction in the density of the @entity9976 nuclei and actin filaments within 1 day and progressive @entity9976 proliferation, that was associated with medial thickening and a change in the @entity9976 orientation from 5 to 30 days. Further studies showed that a local inflation of normal jugular veins to 120 mm Hg for 3 min induced a similar change as found in the vein grafts, whereas the organization of the SMCs was not significantly changed in vein-vein grafts, that did not experience a change in tensile stress. These results suggested that increased tensile stress contributed to the initial damage of the SMCs and played a role in the regulation of medial @entity9976 remodeling in vein grafts.

title: Changes in the organization of the smooth muscle cells in XXXX vein grafts.

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radial nerve is the most frequently injured major nerve in the upper extremity. Proximal part of the radial nerve involvement can result from a humerus @entity174 , direct nerve @entity130 , compression and rarely from @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to determine the clinical characteristics and electrodiagnostic findings in @entity1 with proximal @entity4542 , and also the outcome of surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects included 46 @entity1 with @entity4542 seen between June 2000 and June 2008 at our hospital. The analysis included demographics, clinical features, etiology, pre-and postoperative EMNG (Electromyoneurography) findings. RESULTS: Surgical decompression resulted in neurological improvement in @entity1 with @entity16 . Good neurological recovery was observed from decompression of @entity174 . The worst results were observed in the direct missile injuries of the radial nerve. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation is of importance in @entity1 with @entity4542 to ensure an appropriate treatment. The choice of treatment, conservative or surgical, depends on the clinical presentation and the @entity130 .

title: Analysis of proximal XXXX in the arm.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['callus of old humeral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radial entrapment neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve injuries', 'radial nerve injury']

answer: @entity4542 :: (MESH:D020425,Disease) :: ['radial nerve injury']


abstract: @entity1286 slows hepatobiliary elimination of @entity8600 in rodents, raising dye levels in plasma and liver. Earlier studies showed these effects to be independent of other opiate effects such as bile duct spasm, @entity2332 or blood gas changes resulting from @entity1576 . Because opiate receptors are distributed throughout the body, within the central nervous system and at peripheral sites including the gastrointestinal tract, experiments were performed to ascertain whether central or peripheral sites mediate the hepatobiliary effects of @entity1286 . @entity8600 was administered intravenously to @entity19 and its levels were measured in plasma and liver. Tail-flick latency indicated centrally mediated @entity1337 . Inhibited intestinal transit of India ink reflected an opiate effect with a significant peripheral component. When injected into a cerebral ventricle @entity1286 was much more potent in producing @entity1337 and raising @entity8600 levels than when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. An intravenous dose of @entity1510 that reversed @entity1286 @entity1337 also prevented @entity8600 elevation but did not prevent gut slowing. @entity836 injected in a cerebral ventricle also reversed @entity1337 and @entity8600 elevation but not intestinal slowing. The polar opiate agonist @entity10425 did not cause @entity1337 or raise @entity8600 levels at peripheral intraperitoneal doses to 100 mg/kg. When given in a central ventricle at 4 x 10(-3) mg/kg, this agent produced @entity1337 and raised @entity8600 but did not slow intestinal transit. After spinal cord transection, intravenous @entity1286 did not retard the tail-flick response or affect @entity8600 disposition, but peripherally mediated intestinal transit was slowed as it was in intact @entity19 . These experiments demonstrate parallel opiate effects on @entity1337 and on BSP disposition but not on intestinal transit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hepatobiliary effects of XXXX are mediated in the brain.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity8600 :: ('MESH:D013448', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfobromophthalein', 'sulfobromophthalein']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity10425 :: ('MESH:D003061', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: To evaluate the mechanistic importance of covalent binding in @entity1443 ( @entity1443 )-induced hepatotoxicity, we compared the effects of @entity27577 ( @entity27578 ) to those of @entity1443 in primary cultures of @entity19 hepatocytes. Immunochemical analysis of electrophoretically separated proteins has shown that the majority of covalent binding after a cytotoxic dose of @entity1443 occurs on two major bands of 44 and 58 kD (Bartolone et al., Biochem Pharmacol 36: 1193-1196, 1987). At equimolar concentrations, @entity27578 bound proteins only 15% as extensively as did @entity1443 and was not cytotoxic in hepatocytes from uninduced @entity19 . However, when the hepatocytes were obtained from @entity109 -induced @entity19 , @entity1443 administration resulted in increased protein arylation and a more rapid onset of @entity137 . Furthermore, in the cells from @entity109 -induced @entity19 , @entity27578 not only resulted in increased binding but also in overt @entity137 . Since our affinity-purified anti- @entity1443 antibody did not cross-react with @entity27578 , a new antibody specific for @entity27578 was prepared and, after affinity purification, was used to detect @entity27578 protein adducts by Western blotting. Results indicated that, in hepatocytes from both @entity109 -induced and non-induced @entity19 , the binding of @entity27578 was also highly selective with the most prominent target being the 58 kD cytosolic protein. However, by contrast to @entity1443 , only minimal binding to the 44 kD protein was detected after @entity27578 treatment. Although several additional protein adducts were increased in treated cells from @entity109 -induced @entity19 , the 58 kD protein was clearly the most prominently arylated target associated with both @entity1443 and @entity27578 @entity137 . These data suggest that both the specificity of covalent binding as well as the extent of binding to the major targets may play an important role in the ensuing @entity137 .

title: Selective protein arylation by @entity1443 and @entity27577 in cultured hepatocytes from XXXX -induced and uninduced @entity19 . Relationship to @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity27577 :: ('MESH:C045360', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-dimethylacetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'APAP']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: Perirenal fluid accumulation has been described as an ultrasonographic feature of urine leakage, @entity548 , abscessation, or @entity5 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to report perirenal effusion as an additional ultrasonographic finding in @entity235 and feline @entity1 with @entity810 . The causes of @entity810 in 18 @entity1 included nephrotoxicity (4), @entity2926 (3), @entity1695 (2), @entity8 (2), ureteronephrolithiasis (2), prostatic @entity11044 (1) and @entity1986 and @entity1901 (1). An underlying cause was not identified in three @entity1 . The sonographic finding of perirenal fluid was bilateral in 15 @entity1 . Unilateral perirenal fluid was identified ipsilateral to the site of @entity1695 in two @entity1 . Large effusions extended into the caudal retroperitoneal space. Additional sonographic findings suggestive of @entity8 included mild (5), moderate (5) or severe (2) pyelectasia, increased renal echogenicity (11), increased (9) or decreased renal size (2) and ureteral and/or @entity1290 (3). There did not appear to be an association between the volume of perirenal fluid and the severity of @entity8 . All @entity1 with large effusions underwent euthanasia. Perirenal fluid developing in @entity810 is thought to be an ultrafiltrate associated with tubular back-leak into the renal interstitium that overwhelms lymphatic drainage within the perirenal and retroperitoneal connective tissues although obstruction to urine flow may also play a role. Localized perirenal retroperitoneal free fluid may be a useful ultrasonographic feature to assist with the characterization of, and determination of prognosis in, @entity1 with suspected @entity8 .

title: Perirenal effusion in @entity235 and cats with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal lymphoma', 'renal parenchymal disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric obstruction', 'ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 have a range of histopathological manifestations. The parameters that determine this clinically observed heterogeneity are not fully understood. Here, we report the generation of a cell culture model that reflects part of this heterogeneity. We have used the catalytic subunit of @entity1 telomerase hTERT and large T to immortalize primary UV-unexposed keratinocytes. Then, mutant @entity8498 @entity22563 has been introduced to transform these immortal keratiocytes. When injected into immunosuppressed @entity19 , transformed cells grew as xenografts with distinct histopathological characteristics. We observed three major tissue architectures: solid, sarcomatoid and cystic growth types, which were primarily composed of pleomorphic and basaloid cells but in some cases displayed focal apocrine differentiation. We demonstrate that the cells generated represent different stages of skin cancerogenesis and as such can be used to identify novel @entity5 -promoting alterations such as the overexpression of the @entity30445 oncogene in solid-type SCC. Importantly, the cultured cells maintain the characteristics from the xenograft they were derived from while being amenable to manipulation and analysis. The availability of cell lines representing different clinical manifestations opens a new tool to study the stochastic and deterministic factors that cause case-to-case heterogeneity despite departing from the same set of oncogenes and the same genetic background. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A cellular model reflecting the phenotypic heterogeneity of mutant XXXX driven @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity22563 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12V']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity8498 :: (3265,Gene) :: ['HRAS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed the experience of 19 @entity1 with @entity5 and summarize the clinical features, surgical treatment and outcomes. METHODS: The authors searched the database for all @entity1 who underwent surgery for the @entity5 at a single institution between 1999 and 2007. Data from clinical notes, surgical reports, and radiological findings were obtained for the analysis. RESULTS: @entity5 constituted a heterogenous array of histopathology. The presenting symptoms were @entity5768 (52.6%), visual disturbance (26.3%) and @entity158 (21.1%). The surgical approaches used were transcranial in 17 @entity1 . @entity5 located in the intraconal or perioptic space were surgically excised using a frontoorbital approach (8 cases), while pterional (3 cases), orbital (2 cases) and combined approaches (6 cases) were used for @entity5 in other sites. Total resection of @entity5 was achieved in 12 of 19 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 with @entity11 and @entity706 only diagnostic biopsy was done. Three @entity1 experienced @entity227 postoperatively. Two @entity1 had @entity892 , and one @entity1 had temporary ptosis. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment could be the mainstay of therapy for the majority of symptomatic @entity5 . Many @entity5 can be treated safely via a transcranial approach. Frontoorbital approach allows the surgeon to reach both the intraorbital and intracranial structures. Knowledge of the microanatomy of the orbit and meticulous surgical skills are necessary to overcome the pitfalls of intraorbital surgery.

title: Surgical XXXX at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'treatment of orbital tumors', 'Orbital tumors']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['temporary diplopia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['treatment of orbital tumors']


abstract: A case of @entity1822 originating in a symplastic @entity2909 is described. The @entity1 was a 60-year-old @entity1 who presented with a painless nodule on his chest. Thorough clinical examination did not reveal any evidence of @entity5 elsewhere. A punch biopsy was performed which showed a benign spindle cell @entity5 with focal cellular pleomorphism that had smooth muscle differentiation and was clearly originating from the arrector pili muscle, consistent with a cutaneous symplastic @entity2909 . Immunohistochemical studies were performed and the @entity5 cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin. Given the clinical information of a mass on the chest, clinical evaluation was recommended and a re-excision was performed. Histologically, the re-excision showed two distinct populations of cells. The upper portion of the @entity5 mirrored the initial biopsy; however, the base of the @entity5 showed hypercellular areas composed of spindle cells with marked pleomorphism and increased number of mitoses. The diagnosis of a @entity1822 originating in a symplastic @entity2909 was given. This is the first report of this association of such occurrence reported in the literature.

title: XXXX originating in a symplastic @entity2909 : a rare occurrence and potential diagnostic pitfall.

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['pilar leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: The changing roles of the hypothalamus and pituitary in regulating @entity6145 levels in the @entity35 during ontogeny has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that endogenous @entity1218 begins to stimulate TSH secretion at 5-8 days after birth but that the pituitary responds to @entity1375 during late gestation. To determine the onset and extent of TRH response to low thyroid hormone levels during ontogeny, normal and @entity1375 @entity35 treated with @entity3937 for 7 days were sacrificed at 16 days gestation (E16), 20 days gestation (E20), 7, 21 and 56 days after birth (n = 5/study group). Plasma hormones were assayed from pregnant mothers, pups (pooled) and adults. Levels of TRH mRNA were measured in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) by in situ hybridization histochemistry. A labeled 48-base cDNA oligonucleotide for TRH was hybridized with brain slices (n = 6/animal) in the region of the medial parvocellular division of the PVN of the hypothalamus and the signal was quantitated by digitized computer analysis. Plasma-free T4 levels decreased and plasma TSH levels increased in the animals treated with @entity3937 as compared to the euthyroid controls. TRH mRNA was detected in the PVN at E16 after brain slices were dipped in emulsion and granules observed by dark-field microscopy. In the euthyroid animals, TRH mRNA increased from E20 (150 +/- 9 OD units) to 7 days (222 +/- 5 OD units) and remained unchanged at 21 days (252 +/- 27 OD units) and 56 days (244 +/- 6 OD units).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thyroid hormone regulation of TRH mRNA levels in XXXX paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus changes during ontogeny.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The differentiation of lymphoid cells in the early foetal @entity19 thymus was studied in vivo and in organ culture. The lymphoid precursors found in the 13 and 14 day foetal thymus constituted about 50% of the total thymus cell population. These T precursors were large blast-like cells which already expressed the @entity3512 but were mostly TL negative. Both in vivo and in vitro the blasts were rapidly replaced by a population of typical small lymphocytes which were strongly @entity3512 and TL positive but Ig negative. In organ cultures grown under optimal conditions, large bimodal increases in cell numbers occurred. An initial population of about 2 x 10(4) T precursors per thymus lobe gave rise to nearly 10(6) predominantly @entity3512 and TL positive small lymphocytes by the 6--8th day in vitro. After this time lymphocyte numbers decreased until about the 10th day when they again increased to form a second peak of small lymphocytes on the 12--13th day. These cells were also predominantly @entity3512 positive but the majority were now TL negative. No Ig positive B lymphocytes were detected either by immunofluorescence or by autoradiography using polyvalent anti- @entity12426 sera and no plasma cells were detected by electronmicroscopy. At all times however, minor subpopulations of @entity3512 negative small cells were present. The production of small lymphocytes during the 1st week of culture was critically dependent on culture conditions and particularly on the batch of FCS used. The population developing during the 2nd week required less stringent conditions and was less dependent on FCS. The culture systems described should prove useful in the study of T-lymphocyte differentiation.

title: The differentiation of XXXX thymocytes in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The effects of treatment with naturally occurring antioxidants, @entity4259 , @entity2066 , @entity28233 , @entity28234 and @entity4744 during the promotional phase of @entity5 development were investigated in male F344 @entity35 pre-treated with @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) and @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ). Animals were given 3 subcutaneous injections of @entity18399 at a dose of 40 mg/kg body wt. within 1 week and then were injected with @entity7045 i.p. at a dose of 20 mg/kg body wt. 2 times per week, for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the @entity35 were maintained on diet containing either 0.2% @entity2066 , 2 ppm @entity4259 , 1% @entity28233 , 1% esculin or 0.8% @entity4744 . At week 52, surviving @entity35 were killed and complete histological examinations were performed. Administration of @entity4744 enhanced the development of both @entity1373 and @entity1185 in the forestomach. Although treatment with @entity2066 tended to decrease the incidence and number of large intestinal @entity189 , @entity2066 , @entity4259 , esculin and @entity4744 all decreased the incidence of @entity8 , the differences were not statistically significant. The results thus showed that @entity4744 exerts promoting activity for @entity105 while the other antioxidants might have weak organ-specific inhibitory effects under these experimental conditions.

title: Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on combined @entity8708 - and XXXX -initiated @entity105 in F344 male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['MNU', '1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney nephroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['forestomach carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity7045 :: (CHEBI:50102,Chemical) :: ['1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']


abstract: 1. To clarify whether acute changes in the properties of baroreflexes can occur in @entity1 , we evaluated the time course of baroreflex control of heart rate and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance (FVR) over 240 min after intravenous administration of @entity1169 (0.2 mg/kg) in 13 healthy young @entity1 . 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged after @entity1169 . @entity1169 significantly decreased cardiac index and heart rate, and significantly increased total peripheral resistance. These effects remained unchanged for 240 min after @entity1169 . 3. Baroreflex control of heart rate was significantly augmented immediately after, and at 30, 60 min after @entity1169 , but partly reverted to the initial level afterwards. Cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of FVR was reduced immediately after, and at 30, 60 min after @entity1169 , but partly reverted to the initial level afterwards. Pressor responses to @entity2647 was reduced immediately after @entity1169 , but no significant differences were observed after 30 min. 4. These results suggest that acute changes in the properties of baroreflexes occur in @entity1 after @entity1169 .

title: Acute changes in the properties of baroreflexes in XXXX after beta-blockade.

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Detoxification can be accomplished more rapidly by first "flushing" the opiates from the receptor sites. @entity1510 , a short acting antagonist displaces opiates from the receptor sites and such displacement precipitates an @entity6767 . Recently, a method of using acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with @entity1510 for fast @entity10518 was reported. This technique was applied to 50 cases of @entity4521 addicts. Forty-one were detoxified. There were nine failures. Of the 41 cases, 18 @entity1 were sent to rehabilitation centres and did not experience abstinence symptoms. Six were sent out of Hong Kong where @entity4521 is not available, and two others did not go to a rehabilitation centre but still abstained. The other 15 were presumed to be on the drug. It is advocated that AES increases endorphin and relieves @entity6767 , but also at the same time inhibits the autonomic nervous system, mainly the parasympathetic nervous system. The technique does not stop the craving, therefore after @entity10518 , the @entity1 should be sent for psycho-social rehabilitation, or alternatively be put on long acting antagonist.

title: Fast XXXX of @entity4521 addicts by acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with @entity1510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['detoxification']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity10518 :: (MESH:C565043,Disease) :: ['detoxification']


abstract: @entity2338 plays a pivotal role in regulating body growth and development, which is modulated by sex @entity230 . A close interplay between @entity172 and @entity2338 leads to attainment of gender-specific body composition during puberty. The physiological basis of the interaction is not well understood. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of @entity172 on @entity2338 secretion. There is also strong evidence that @entity172 modulates @entity2338 action independent of secretion. Oral but not transdermal administration of @entity172 impairs the metabolic action of @entity2338 in the liver, causing a fall in @entity442 production and fat oxidation. This results in a loss of lean tissue and a gain of body fat in postmenopausal @entity1 and an impairment of @entity2338 effect in hypopituitary @entity1 on @entity2338 replacement. The negative metabolic sequelae are potentially important because of the widespread use of oral @entity172 and @entity172 -related compounds. @entity172 affects @entity2338 action at the level of receptor expression and signaling. More recently, @entity172 has been shown to inhibit Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling by @entity2338 via the induction of @entity20139 , a protein inhibitor for cytokine signaling. This represents a novel paradigm of @entity134 regulation of cytokine receptors and is likely to have significance for a diverse range of cytokine function.

title: XXXX regulation of growth hormone action.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity20139 :: ('8835', 'Gene') :: ['suppressor of cytokine signaling-2']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: AIM: To describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of orbital @entity11262 ( @entity11262 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1 with histology-confirmed @entity11262 of the orbit were retrospectively reviewed. All six @entity1 underwent CT and MRI. Imaging studies were evaluated for the following: (a) @entity5 location, (b) configuration, size, and margin, (c) CT attenuation and MRI signal intensity, and (d) secondary manifestations. Additionally, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI were analysed in five @entity1 . RESULTS: Two @entity11262 arose in the right orbit and four in the left orbit. Five @entity11262 were located in the retrobulbar intraconal space and one in the extraconal space. All the lesions displayed a lobulate configuration and had a well-defined margin. The mean maximum diameter was 25.8 mm (range 15-36 mm). On unenhanced CT, the lesions appeared isodense to grey matter in six @entity1 , with @entity730 in five. Two @entity1 showed inhomogeneous, moderate enhancement on enhanced CT. Six @entity11262 appeared isointense on T1-weighted imaging and heterogeneously isointense on T2-weighted imaging. The lesions showed significantly heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Five @entity1 had DCE MRI and the @entity1775 showed a rapidly enhancing and rapid washout pattern (type III). The following features were also detected: compression of the extra-ocular muscle (six @entity1 , 100%); displacement of the optic nerve (five @entity1 , 83.3%); and encasing globe (three @entity1 , 50%). CONCLUSIONS: A well-defined, lobulate orbital mass with @entity730 on CT and, marked heterogeneous enhancement and type III TIC on MRI are highly suspicious of orbital @entity11262 .

title: XXXX of the orbit: CT and MRI findings.

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcomas', 'MCSs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'calcifications']

answer: @entity11262 :: (MESH:D018211,Disease) :: ['Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Long-term outcomes remain unknown after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We observed a few @entity1 who developed disease progression late, at 5 years or more, after SBRT. In this report, we describe the characteristics of those @entity1 with late recurrence after SBRT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who underwent SBRT for @entity1149 with histological confirmation between January 1999 and December 2005 at our institution. During this period, 48 Gy of SBRT in four fractions at the isocenter was prescribed for all @entity1 . RESULTS: In total, 66 @entity1 were eligible. With a median follow-up period of 35.9 months, the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 44.6% (95% confidence interval, 33.5-59.5%) and 33.8% (95% confidence interval, 23.6-48.4%), respectively. Of the @entity1 , 16 survived without disease progression for 5 years or more after SBRT. Of these, four @entity1 developed late recurrence at 76, 101, 108, and 109 months after SBRT. Three of the @entity1 were females with @entity420 ; the other was a male with @entity957 . The initial sites of recurrence were local in two @entity1 , distant in one, and simultaneously local and distant in one. A total of two @entity1 with local recurrence alone were still alive at 138 months after SBRT. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of late recurrence was not negligible in long-term survivors after SBRT. Our experiences indicate that long-term follow-up is needed after SBRT for @entity1149 .

title: Preliminary report of late recurrences, at 5 years or more, after stereotactic body radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Severe @entity221 is often associated with cerebral manifestations such was disturbed consciousness and @entity933 . Little was known about its effect on the CNS. This is the first study in @entity1 that has assessed the direct mediators of @entity198 and injury with @entity295 . The serum and CSF concentrations of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (marker of endothelium-leukocyte interaction), @entity842 (NO) and lipid @entity2625 (LPO) (markers for lipid peroxidation) and @entity4483 protein (marker of astrocytes activation and injury), were measured in 40 @entity1 with @entity295 of whom 40% had moderate to severe @entity75 . Serum from 25 normal @entity1 was used for comparison. Serum values of sICAM-1, NO, LPO and @entity4483 were elevated in @entity1 compared to controls. The greater elevation of the CSF:serum albumin ratio suggests loss of blood-brain barrier integrity. After normalising for CSF:serum albumin ratio, we demonstrated a significant intrathecal synthesis of NO, LPO and @entity4483 . @entity1 with @entity75 had elevated serum and CSF levels of sICAM-1, NO, LPO and @entity4483 compared to @entity295 only. This study indicates that the brain is vulnerable in @entity1 with @entity295 . It also suggests that coordinated interactions between immune system, vascular endothelial cells, CNS barriers, astrocytes and brain lipid @entity2627 , may contribute to @entity75 .

title: @entity75 : relationship to serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of adhesion molecules, lipid @entity2627 and XXXX protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['septic encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['septic illness']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S-100B']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is considered a key regulator of plant developmental processes and defense, although the mechanism and direct targets of NO action remain largely unknown. We used phenotypic, cellular, and genetic analyses in @entity958 to explore the role of NO in regulating primary root growth and auxin transport. Treatment with the NO donors @entity16475 , @entity1854 , and @entity12557 reduces cell division, affecting the distribution of mitotic cells and meristem size by reducing cell size and number compared with NO depletion by @entity6706 (cPTIO). Interestingly, genetic backgrounds in which the endogenous NO levels are enhanced [chlorophyll a/b binding protein underexpressed 1/NO overproducer 1 ( @entity30402 /nox1) mirror this response, together with an increased cell differentiation phenotype. Because of the importance of auxin distribution in regulating primary root growth, we analyzed auxin-dependent response after altering NO levels. Both elevated NO supply and the NO-overproducing @entity958 mutant @entity30402 /nox1 exhibit reduced expression of the auxin reporter markers DR5pro:GUS/GFP. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in auxin transport in primary roots. NO application and the @entity30402 /nox1 mutation caused decreased @entity30403 ( @entity30403 )-GFP fluorescence in a proteasome-independent manner. Remarkably, the @entity30402 /nox1-mutant root phenotypes resemble those of @entity30403 mutants. The use of both chemical treatments and mutants with altered NO levels demonstrates that high levels of NO reduce auxin transport and response by a @entity30403 -dependent mechanism, and root meristem activity is reduced concomitantly.

title: XXXX causes root apical meristem defects and growth inhibition while reducing @entity30403 ( @entity30403 )-dependent acropetal auxin transport.

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity6706 :: ('MESH:C079393', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: In the @entity10582 , observing a rubber hand stroked in synchrony with one's own hand results in mislocalisation of the own hand, which is perceived as being located closer to the rubber hand. This illusion depends on having the rubber hand placed at a plausible egocentric orientation with respect to the observer. In the present study, we took advantage of this finding in order to compare the relative influence on the illusion of the rubber hand's perceived retinotopic image against its real-world position. The rubber hand was positioned egocentrically (fingers away from the @entity1 ) or allocentrically (fingers towards the @entity1 ), while @entity1 viewed it either directly or via a mirror that was placed facing the @entity1 . In the mirror conditions, the orientation of the retinotopic image of the hand (either egocentric or allocentric) was opposed to its real-world orientation. We found that the illusion was elicited in both mirror conditions, to roughly the same extent. Thus either of two representations can elicit the @entity10582 : a world-centred understanding of the scene, resulting from the inferred position of the hand based on its mirror reflection, or a purely visual retinotopic representation of the viewed hand. In the mirror conditions, the illusion was somewhat weaker than in the typical directly viewed egocentric condition. We attribute this to competition between two incompatible representations introduced by the presence of the mirror. Finally, in two control experiments we ruled out that this reduction was due to two properties of mirror reflections: the increased perceived distance of items and the reversal of the apparent handedness of the rubber hand.

title: Reflections on the hand: the use of a mirror highlights the contributions of interpreted and retinotopic representations in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['rubber-hand illusion']

answer: @entity10582 :: (MESH:D007088,Disease) :: ['rubber-hand illusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monitoring of biochemical markers of @entity32 in acute @entity1764 (AM) can be useful in the modification of treatment. This study was a retrospective evaluation of selected biochemical parameters with negative impact on the prognosis in surgically treated @entity1 . MATERIAL/METHODS: There were 44 consecutive @entity1 treated surgically due to AM of differentiated etiology. Selected biochemical markers (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, CRP, @entity10921 , ionogram, protein and albumins) were assessed before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery. ANOVA was applied to find factors influencing observations. Numerical data [laboratory parameters] were compared by means of medians. RESULTS: The overall hospital mortality rate was 31.82%. In the group of dead @entity1 , there were observed statistically significant lower mean preoperative values of RBC [p=0.0090], HGB [p=0.0286], HCT [p=0.0354], protein [p= 0.0037], albumins [p=0.0003] and @entity1372 [p<0.0001] and elevated values of CRP [P=0.0107] and @entity10921 p<0.0001]. High level of inflammatory markers on day 3 after surgery was found to increase the risk of death - for WBC (by 67%), for CRP (by 88%) and for @entity10921 (by 100%). CONCLUSIONS: Poor prognosis was more frequent in @entity1 with preoperative high levels of CRP, @entity10921 , @entity417 , @entity9427 and @entity2753 . The risk of death increases significantly if in the immediate postoperative period no distinct decrease in WBC count and of the CRP and @entity10921 level is observed. In such a situation the @entity1 should be qualified earlier for broadened diagnostic workup and for reoperation.

title: Evaluation of prognostic value of selected biochemical markers in surgically treated XXXX with acute @entity1764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fifty-two cases of acute phase @entity510 were studied by brain CT scanning to determine the presence and incidence of @entity63 @entity296 , the relationship between @entity63 change and severity, disease prognosis, and the relationship between acute phase circulatory dynamics and so-called @entity3126 . In all cases, ECGs were carried out and CPK-MB determined. Some of the @entity1 underwent Tl myocardial scintigraphy, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, as well as circulatory dynamic investigation (by Swan-Ganz catheter) and arterial blood gas analysis. In 31 of the 52 cases (59.6%), 3-day ECG series revealed @entity63 changes. These findings were backed up by other cardiac function tests, thus suggesting that @entity741 was present. Results in cases undergoing cardiac catheterization revealed that the @entity741 changes were not due to organic constriction of the coronary artery. Included in those cases in which ECG markedly changed and CPK-MB rose substantially were many @entity1 for whom the prognosis was poor. Evaluation of respiratory function and circulatory dynamics in cases of so-called @entity3126 seemed to indicate decline in cardiac function owing to @entity741 change. This could account for onset of symptoms. These findings support the need for adequate circulatory management in cases of acute @entity510 with @entity3126 and/or changes on ECG. In such cases, concurrent catheterization and cerebral angiography (cerebro-cardiac catheterization: CCC) proved effective for evaluating cardiac function and determining whether @entity299 was also present.

title: [ @entity741 in acute phase @entity510 : clinical study of 52 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disorder']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']