abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ), a well known drug for the treatment of @entity5 and @entity309 , has gained prominence in the treatment of @entity1569 over the period of years. However, the present mode of systemic administration through oral or parenteral route has always proposition, full of compromises. The @entity137 of drug to the vital organs and physiological environment is the major concern. Also, its poor skin penetration is one major problem. Hence novel system based on lipid carriers has been considered here to overcome the barriers. Microemulsions (MEs) were prepared using pseudo-ternary phase diagram (PTPD) and they were characterized for various parameters such as size, shape (cryo-SEM), @entity27311 , zeta potential, etc. The chosen MEs system (optimized) was then incorporated into secondary vehicles and characterized for rheological behavior, texture profile analysis, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and drug distribution into different layers of skin. The developed formulations were further evaluated in ex vivo and in vivo such as cell line study, @entity553 -induced psoriatic model, @entity3408 , @entity35 tail model (% orthokeratosis) and safety test (Draize test). The MEs based @entity6822 gel has shown its potential in locating the drug at the desired domain of stratum corneum, epidermal and dermal layers of skin and reducing systemic absorption. Our results are suggestive of MEs potential as a novel carrier for topical delivery of @entity6822 in topical therapeutic and safety approaches. In conclusion, developed MEs-based hydrogel has shown promising results in achieving effective delivery of @entity6822 .

title: Microemulsions mediated effective delivery of XXXX hydrogel: more than a tour de force in @entity1569 therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity553 :: ('MESH:C056493', 'Chemical') :: ['imiquimod']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The performance of metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods in x- @entity16039 computed tomography (CT) suffers from incorrect identification of metallic implants in the artifact-affected volumetric images. The aim of this study was to investigate potential improvements of state-of-the-art MAR methods by using prior information on geometry and material of the implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The influence of a novel prior knowledge-based segmentation (PS) compared with @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) on 2 MAR methods ( @entity5515 [ @entity5515 ] and normalized-MAR [NORMAR]) was investigated. The segmentation is the initial step of both MAR methods. Prior knowledge-based segmentation uses 3-dimensional registered computer-aided design (CAD) data as prior knowledge to estimate the correct position and orientation of the metallic objects. Threshold-based segmentation uses an adaptive threshold to identify metal. Subsequently, for @entity5515 and NORMAR, the selected voxels are projected into the raw data domain to mark metal areas. Attenuation values in these areas are replaced by different interpolation schemes followed by a second reconstruction. Finally, the previously selected metal voxels are replaced by the metal voxels determined by PS or @entity1347 in the initial reconstruction. First, we investigated in an elaborate phantom study if the knowledge of the exact implant shape extracted from the CAD data provided by the manufacturer of the implant can improve the MAR result. Second, the leg of a @entity1 cadaver was scanned using a clinical CT system before and after the implantation of an artificial knee joint. The results were compared regarding segmentation accuracy, CT number accuracy, and the restoration of distorted structures. RESULTS: The use of PS improved the efficacy of @entity5515 and NORMAR compared with @entity1347 . Artifacts caused by insufficient segmentation were reduced, and additional information was made available within the projection data. The estimation of the implant shape was more exact and not dependent on a threshold value. Consequently, the visibility of structures was improved when comparing the new approach to the standard method. This was further confirmed by improved CT value accuracy and reduced image noise. CONCLUSIONS: The PS approach based on prior implant information provides image quality which is superior to @entity1347 -based MAR, especially when the shape of the metallic implant is complex. The new approach can be useful for improving MAR methods and dose calculations within radiation therapy based on the MAR corrected CT images.

title: Metal Artifact Reduction in X- XXXX Computed Tomography Using Computer-Aided Design Data of Implants as Prior Information.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'threshold-based segmentation']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['linear interpolation', 'LI']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['ray']


abstract: AFLP markers were used to assess genetic relationships among @entity15669 with distribution in @entity233 . Genetic distances were computed among 47 Cicer accessions representing four perennial and six annual species including @entity13474 , using 306 positions on AFLP gels. AFLP-based grouping of species revealed two clusters, one of which includes three perennial species, Cicer montbretii, Cicer isauricum and Cicer anatolicum, while the other cluster consists of two subclusters, one including one perennial, Cicer incisum, along with three annuals from the second crossability group ( Cicer pinnatifidum, Cicer judaicum and Cicer bijugum) and the other one comprising three annuals from the first crossability group ( Cicer echinospermum, Cicer reticulatum and @entity13474 ). Consistent with previous relationship studies in the same accession set using allozyme and RAPD markers, in AFLP-based relationships, C. incisum was the closest perennial to nearly all annuals, and C. reticulatum was the closest wild species to @entity13474 . Cluster analysis revealed the grouping of all accessions into their distinct species-clusters except for C. reticulatum accessions, ILWC247, ILWC242 and TR54961; the former was found to be closer to the @entity13474 accessions while the latter two clustered with the C. echinospermum group. Small genetic distance values were detected among C. reticulatum accessions (0.282) and between C. reticulatum and @entity13474 (0.301) indicating a close genetic similarity between these two species. Overall, the AFLP-based genetic relationships among accessions and species were congruous with our previous study of genetic relationships using allozymes. The computed level of AFLP variation and its distribution into within and between @entity15669 paralleled the previous report based on RAPD analyses. AFLP analysis also confirmed the presence of the closest wild relatives and previous projections of the origin of @entity13474 in southern @entity233 . Results presented in this report indicate that AFLP analysis is an efficient and reliable marker technology in determination of genetic variation and relationships in the genus Cicer. Obviously, the use of AFLP fingerprinting in constructing a detailed genetic map of @entity13474 and cloning, and characterizing economically important traits would be promising as well.

title: Genetic relationships among perennial and annual @entity15669 growing in XXXX assessed by AFLP fingerprinting.

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['Cicer species']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Species') :: ['chickpea', 'C. arietinum', 'Cicer arietinum']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of efficacy of percutaneous @entity1494 suspension with bone anchors in @entity1 with @entity3142 with no previous treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (mean age 48, range 37-74) were operated. All had a stable bladder and objective leakage, either by pad test of by physical examination. Ten were evaluated by a @entity322 questionnaire. Mean @entity322 time before the procedure was 3.9 years. All needed pads (mean 3.3 pads/day). The surgical technique is described. RESULTS: Mean surgical time was 80 minutes. In three @entity1 there was bladder perforation during the procedure, that was solved by delaying the catheter withdraw. Mean postoperative stay was 4.2 days, with good tolerance, and one @entity1 was discharged with a cystostomy. After a minimum follow-up of one year (mean 17.5 months), eleven @entity1 have improved their continence (6 dry, 5 socially acceptable @entity322 < pads/day) and 3 have recurrence. Postoperative pad test was < or = 10 g in @entity1 without improvement and over 20 g in @entity1 who failed. Mean postoperative total score in the questionnaire decreased from 10.1 to 2.5 in @entity1 who improved and didn't change in @entity1 who failed. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous @entity1494 suspension is a useful alternative to open interventions, due to its low morbidity and lower postoperative stay.

title: [Percutaneous urethral suspension with bone anchorage (Vesica) in the treatment of stress urinary XXXX . Results after a year of follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present long-acting @entity1943 analogs represent the first-line medical treatment of @entity2012 . These drugs produce stable suppression of GH in most sensitive @entity1 and @entity442 normalization in many; they also increase the compliance of acromegalic @entity1 . The recent availability of @entity2390 (OC)-LAR, a @entity1943 analog to be administered at 28-day intervals, has prompted us to compare, in the same group of @entity1 , its effects and those of another @entity1943 analog already available, @entity18245 (LSR, to be administered at 14-day intervals). @entity1 : Twelve @entity1943 analog-sensitive acromegalic @entity1 with active disease were enrolled in a prospective open sequential study after giving their informed consent. After chronic treatment with LSR (6-24 months), the @entity1 were changed to treatment with OC-LAR, without wash-out. LSR had been administered at individually tailored dosages (30 mg i.m. at 7-21-day intervals, median 10 days - every 7 days in seven @entity1 , 10 days in two @entity1 , 14 days in two @entity1 and 21 days in one @entity1 ) according to GH and @entity442 responses. Disease stability was obtained, as shown by maximal GH/ @entity442 suppression without any significant hormonal change between the last two control measurements. OC-LAR was administered i.m. at 28-day intervals six times at the dosage of 20 mg for the first three times and 10 or 30 mg for the last three times (according to individual GH/ @entity442 responses). GH (mean of three, hourly samples) and @entity442 concentrations were evaluated on the same day as each administration of the drug, before its injection. RESULTS: GH and @entity442 values were significantly decreased by LSR treatment. GH decreased from 41.6 +/- 14.6 microg/l (mean +/- s.e.) to 7.2 +/- 1.5 microg/l (P < 0.02), whereas @entity442 values declined from 959 +/- 95 microg/l to 460 +/- 61 microg/l (P < 0.00001), expressed as absolute values, and from 287 +/- 30% to 137 +/- 19% expressed as percentage of the upper limit of normal range (% ULNR). At the end of the last cycle, OC-LAR treatment achieved a significant further suppression both in GH (to 5.1 +/- 1.1 microg/l, P < 0.05 compared with LSR) and in @entity442 concentrations (to 374 +/- 60 microg/l, P<0.05 compared with LSR, and to 112 +/- 19% as % ULNR). LSR decreased GH concentrations to less than 2.5 microg/l in one @entity1 and normalized @entity442 concentrations in four @entity1 . OC-LAR decreased GH concentrations to less than 2.5 microg/l in four @entity1 and normalized or near-normalized @entity442 concentrations (i.e. to < 110% ULNR) in eight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results show that the once-monthly OC-LAR administration schedule proved more efficacious than LSR given every 7-21 days, in a greater number of acromegalic @entity1 .

title: A comparison between XXXX -LAR and lanreotide-SR in the chronic treatment of @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide-SR']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify poor prognostic factors of low-risk stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 METHODS: . All @entity1 diagnosed with stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 between 1982 and 2002 were identified at our three institutions. Data were extracted from medical records. @entity1 were retrospectively assigned to a low- or intermediate/high-risk cohort based on the surgical-pathologic eligibility criteria of two randomized controlled trials of adjuvant therapy in early @entity5 , Gynecologic Oncology Group protocols 92 and 109. Multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty @entity1 diagnosed with stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 had an overall 5-year survival of 89%. Adenosquamous cell type (P < 0.01) was the only independent risk factor of disease recurrence in the low-risk group (n = 178). The 5-year disease-free survival for low-risk adenosquamous @entity1 was 79%, compared to 96% for other histologic subtypes (P < 0.01). Low-risk case subjects developed fewer disease recurrences than those in the intermediate/high-risk (n = 52) category (7% vs 46%; P < 0.01). The 5-year disease-free survival for intermediate/high-risk @entity1 was 51% and no additional risk factors were identified. CONCLUSION: Adenosquamous histology is predictive of disease recurrence and decreased survival in low-risk stage @entity3846 cervical @entity420 . This risk factor should be considered in future clinical trials of adjuvant therapy.

title: Adenosquamous histology predicts poor outcome in low-risk stage XXXX cervical @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3846 :: (9479,Gene) :: ['IB1']


abstract: @entity466 ( @entity466 ) is a fatal @entity465 usually presenting in the first months of life with (opportunistic) @entity281 , @entity294 , and failure to thrive. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are curative treatment options. The objective of the study was to assess the morbidity, mortality, and diagnostic and therapeutic delay in @entity1 with @entity466 in the Netherlands in the last 15 years. These data may help to judge whether @entity466 should be considered to be included in our national neonatal screening program. In the period 1998-2013, 43 @entity466 @entity1 were diagnosed in the Netherlands, 11 of whom were atypical @entity466 (presentation beyond the first year). The median interval between the first symptom and diagnosis was 2 months (range 0-1173 months). The total mortality was 42 %. In total, 32 @entity1 were treated with HSCT of whom 8 were deceased. Nine @entity1 died due to severe @entity166 complications before curative treatment could be initiated. CONCLUSION: Because of a high mortality of @entity1 with @entity466 before HSCT could be initiated, only a national newborn screening program and pre-emptive HSCT or @entity74 will be able to improve survival of these @entity1 . "WHAT IS KNOWN":     @entity466 is a fatal disease if a curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cannot be performed in time.     Newborn screening for @entity466 enables early diagnosis in the asymptomatic phase. "WHAT IS NEW":     Nine out of 43 @entity466 @entity1 in the Netherlands died due to severe @entity166 complications before curative treatment could be initiated.     Only newborn screening and pre-emptive curative therapy will improve survival of @entity1 with @entity466 in the Netherlands.

title: Overview of 15-year severe combined XXXX in the Netherlands: towards newborn blood spot screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gene therapy', 'GT']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Severe combined immune deficiency']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and mortality of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) @entity1 in Korea. DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study METHODS: We used data covering the 2011-2014 period from the @entity395 ( @entity395 ) registry and Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA), which include information on all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6391 based on predefined diagnostic criteria. Using the HIRA- @entity395 database, the prevalence and age at diagnosis of @entity6391 @entity1 across the entire Korean population were evaluated. We further linked the data from Statistics Korea to the HIRA- @entity395 database to confirm mortality and causes of @entity204 . RESULTS: The prevalence in the total population across all ages was 11.09 per 10(5) @entity1 , and the prevalence in those over the age of 40 was 16.16 per 10(5) @entity1 . The age at diagnosis ranged from 0 to 95 and, on average, was 44.8. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.56 for all ages, peaking at 2.61 in males aged 40-59 which was attributed to 6.6-fold higher suicide rates than the same age group in the general male population. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first nationwide epidemiologic study of @entity6391 @entity1 covering the entire population of all ages. The results suggest that the prevalence of @entity6391 in Korea is about 1/9,000 for all ages and 1/6,000 for those over 40 years of age. The higher mortality of @entity6391 @entity1 than that of the general population is attributable to a high suicide rate in male @entity6391 @entity1 of working ages, which necessitates a careful attention to their mental health.

title: Prevalence, Age at Diagnosis, Mortality and Cause of XXXX in Korea - A Nationwide Population-based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['Rare Intractable Disease', 'RID']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Death in Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: More than 50% of all @entity5 are diagnosed in @entity1 aged > 65 years and most @entity5 occur in this population. Misconceptions about prognosis and treatment contribute to the undertreatment of elderly @entity5 @entity1 and consequent poor outcomes. Although older @entity1 have been excluded from @entity5 treatment trials in the past, response rates to chemotherapy in a variety of common @entity5 in otherwise healthy elderly @entity1 are comparable to those attained in younger @entity1 . Lower functional reserve in many organ systems alters the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the @entity1 's response to treatment-induced @entity137 . Except for myelosuppression and @entity33 , otherwise fit elderly @entity5 @entity1 are not at significantly enhanced risk of @entity137 to chemotherapy. Severe @entity1398 and related @entity281 are encountered much more frequently during the treatment of elderly as compared with younger @entity5 @entity1 . These lead to treatment delays, dose reductions and higher hospitalisation rates. Myelopoietic growth factor support reduces myelosuppression and the associated risk of severe @entity281 , thereby allowing delivery of chemotherapy at full dose intensity. Beneficial responses to @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ; filgrastim) in elderly @entity1 have been found in aggressive @entity1893 with standard @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) therapy and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) during induction and consolidation chemotherapy. @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ; sargramostim) has been found to reduce myelosuppression in elderly @entity3052 @entity1 receiving induction but not consolidation chemotherapy. These prophylactic treatments produce significant cost benefits because of the reduced hospitalisation and antibiotic use associated with @entity1398 . To maximise positive outcomes, elderly @entity1 should be included in clinical trials of new @entity5 agents. Since myelosuppression is the main risk factor for elderly @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy, optimisation of growth factor support and the development of more effective and safer myelopoietic agents may improve success rates and reduce adverse events. Such information will lead to better management of @entity5 in older @entity1 .

title: The role of myelopoietic growth factors in managing XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies', 'cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gastroschisis is a resource-intensive @entity600 without consensus regarding optimal surgical and medical management. We sought to determine best-practice guidelines by examining differences in multi-institutional practices and outcomes. METHODS: Site-specific practice patterns were queried, and @entity1 -maternal chart review was retrospectively performed for @entity6675 @entity1 treated at 5 UCfC institutions (2007-2012). The primary outcome was length of stay. Univariate analysis was done to assess variation practices and outcomes by site. Multivariate models were constructed with site as an instrumental variable and with sites grouped by silo practice pattern adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS: Of 191 @entity6675 @entity1 , 164 @entity1 were uncomplicated. Among uncomplicated @entity1 , there were no deaths and only one case of @entity3166 . Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences in practices and outcomes by site. Despite wide variations in practice patterns, there were no major differences in outcome among sites or by silo practice, after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variability exists in institutional practice patterns for @entity1 with @entity6675 , but poor outcomes were not associated with expeditious silo or primary closure, avoidance of routine @entity912 , or limited central line and antibiotic durations. Development of clinical pathways incorporating these practices may help standardize care and reduce health care costs.

title: Multi-institutional practice patterns and outcomes in uncomplicated XXXX : A report from the University of California Fetal Consortium (UCfC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: @entity842 (NO), a short-lived gaseous free radical, synthesized from @entity534 by NO synthases (NOS), is a potent mediator of biologic responses involved in the pathogenesis of @entity792 , such as @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Most biological necessary NO is produced by the family of three NOS. To date, several functionally relevant genetic polymorphisms in the @entity9554 gene have been associated with various vascular, infectious and @entity792 . To our knowledge, no study has explored these polymorphisms for both @entity1252 and @entity309 in the same population. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the @entity9554 gene intron 4 a/b VNTR polymorphism (a 27-base-pair tandem repeat-based polymorphism) on susceptibility to @entity1252 and @entity309 in @entity1 living in the island of Crete, a genetically homogeneous population. A group of 145 healthy subjects and 190 @entity1252 @entity1 were included in this study. Similarly, a second group of 235 healthy controls and 202 @entity309 @entity1 were analysed. In both cases, @entity1 and controls were sex- and age-matched. Herein we report that the presence of a/b genotype of the @entity9554 gene may act as a risk factor not for the presence of @entity1252 but for the development of @entity631 (OR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.4-5.2), while it may be a susceptibility gene for @entity309 (OR: 2.005, 95% CI: 1.31-3.07). Thus, in our population, the a/b genotype of the @entity9554 gene represents a severity rather than a susceptibility genotype for @entity1252 .

title: Association of the XXXX synthase ( @entity9554 ) gene polymorphism with increased risk for both lupus glomerulonephritis and @entity309 in a single genetically homogeneous population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune rheumatic diseases', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between clinical pathologic features, especially @entity420 subtypes and prognosis, and @entity56013 N2 @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity2220 . METHODS: In this study, 177 @entity1 with @entity2220 and N2 @entity3 were enrolled. @entity1 who had N2 lymph node @entity3 without N1 lymph node involvement were defined as @entity56013 N2 and otherwise as non- @entity56013 N2. We investigated the difference of clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and spectrum of well-identified molecular alterations in @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity1722 , @entity817 , @entity7041 , @entity31082 , and @entity8958 genes in the 2 groups. RESULTS: @entity56013 N2 @entity3 was found in 45 @entity1 , in whom a remarkably lower incidence of lymphovascular invasion was revealed (P = .01). @entity56013 N2 @entity3 was also associated with acinar subtype, good differentiation, and @entity2 . The recurrence-free survival and overall survival were significantly better in the @entity56013 N2 group (5-year recurrence-free survival 37.4% vs 5.7%; log-rank P = .005; 5-year overall survival 60.7% vs 32.1%; log-rank P = .024). The predictive value of @entity56013 N2 was more significant in @entity1 with lesions in the right lung (5-year recurrence-free survival 36.6% vs 0.0%; log-rank P = .002; 5-year overall survival 57.2% vs 27.9%; log-rank P = .016) and in @entity1 whose @entity5 diameter was no more than 3 cm (5-year recurrence-free survival 43.1% vs 6.7%; log-rank P = .01; 5-year overall survival 74.6 vs 27.6%; log-rank P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: There are distinct differences in clinicopathologic features and prognosis in @entity1 with or without @entity56013 N2 @entity3 . Considering the results of our study, subclassifications of mediastinal lymph node @entity3 could have clinical significance for @entity1 with @entity2220 .

title: @entity2220 : Are @entity56013 N2 @entity3 different from non- XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['right lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity56013 :: (80309,Gene) :: ['skip']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are an integral component of sperm developmental physiology, capacitation, and function. Elevated ROS levels, from processes such as @entity32 , can be associated with aberrations of sperm development, function, and fertilizing capacity. We review the impact of ROS on sperm physiology, its place in @entity249 evaluation, the implications for reproductive outcomes, and antioxidant therapy. Our systematic review of PubMed literature from the last 3 decades focuses on the physiology and etiology of ROS and @entity66 ( @entity66 ), evaluation of ROS, and antioxidants. ROS is normally produced physiologically and is used to maintain cellular processes such as sperm maturation, capacitation, and sperm-oocyte interaction. When ROS production exceeds the buffering capacity of antioxidants, @entity66 occurs and can have a negative impact on sperm and fertility. ROS and antioxidant capacity testing can potentially add additional prognostic information to standard laboratory testing for the infertile male, although its role as standard part of an evaluation has yet to be determined. Elevated ROS levels have been implicated with abnormal semen parameters and @entity4810 , but the impact of ROS on fertilization rates and pregnancy is controversial. This is partly because of the lack of consensus on what type of @entity1 may be suitable for ROS testing and assay standardization. Routine ROS testing for the infertile male is not currently recommended.

title: XXXX testing: reactive @entity26 species and antioxidant capacity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['Male infertility']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering on the optic disc in @entity1 of the Collaborative Initial @entity726 Treatment Study (CIGTS) after 5 years. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The baseline and 5-year stereoscopic optic disc photographs of 348 eyes ( @entity1 ) randomized to medical or surgical treatment of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) were assessed by 2 independent readers for change in a masked side-by-side comparison, and confirmed by an independent committee. RESULTS: Three hundred and three (87.1%) eyes showed no change, 22 (6.3%) showed enlargement of the cup along any meridian (progression), and 23 (6.6%) showed a reduction in the cup along any meridian (reversal of cupping). Incidence of optic disc progression was higher (P = .007) in the medicine group, 18/185 (10%) than in the surgical group 4/163 (3%); and the incidence of reversal of cupping was higher (P < .001) in the surgical group, 21/163 (13%), than the medicine group, 2/185 (1%), (P < .001). @entity227 ( @entity227 ) worsening (mean deviation) was significantly associated with progression of optic disc cupping (P < .001). Reversal of cupping was also associated with lower postoperative IOP (P < .001). Reversal of cupping was not associated with improvement of either visual acuity or central VFs. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery prevents or delays glaucomatous progression as measured by optic disc criteria in @entity1 with early @entity1538 . Reversal of cupping occurs more frequently in the surgical group than in the medical treatment group. Reversal is associated with lower IOP, but is not associated with improved visual function.

title: Five-year follow-up optic disc findings of the Collaborative Initial XXXX Treatment Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: beta-Defensins are small cationic molecules that have antimicrobial actions against bacteria, fungi and viruses and contribute to mucosal immune responses at epithelial sites. The female reproductive tract is an important site of defensin production and innate defences are crucial to the preservation of fertility and successful pregnancy. This study details the expression of the recently characterized defensins, @entity63700 , in @entity1 endometrium. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we have shown that @entity6390 mRNA expression is highest during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle while @entity63701 mRNA levels peak in the proliferative phase. Both antimicrobials are expressed by endometrial epithelium. Exogenous @entity134 hormones in the form of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) alter expression of both defensins in vivo, while treatment of endometrial explants with @entity1420 in vitro does not alter expression of @entity6390 or @entity63701 . In in vitro cultures of primary endometrial epithelial cells, @entity6390 mRNA expression is upregulated by treatment with inflammatory molecules including IL-1 beta+TNF alpha, @entity379 and @entity4621 . @entity63701 mRNA was not expressed in these primary cell cultures. These results show that the @entity1 endometrium expresses both @entity6390 and @entity63701 in a cycle-dependent manner. These natural antimicrobials will contribute to innate defences present in @entity1 endometrium protecting against @entity281 . Expression is altered as a result of hormonal contraceptive use and this may contribute to differential @entity281 rates in COCP users relative to non-users. In addition, expression of @entity6390 will be upregulated during @entity281 allowing an increased innate immune response at this time.

title: Differential expression of the natural antimicrobials, @entity63700 , in XXXX endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'uterine infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The characteristics of @entity726 @entity1 and their response to therapy may differ by institution, region and country. Therefore, clinicians should understand the distinctiveness of their @entity1 . Here, we profile @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and @entity9032 ( @entity9032 ) @entity1 at a major university hospital in Japan. METHODS: This study included 523 eyes from 523 @entity725 and @entity9032 @entity1 who underwent full clinical ophthalmologic evaluations at Tohoku University Hospital. Clinical characteristics such as age, sex, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Humphrey field analyzer-measured @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) and @entity5494 slope were collected retrospectively. @entity5494 slope was calculated from @entity5494 data that included the first baseline measurement of @entity5494 and 4 subsequent, consecutive, reliable measurements of @entity5494 . @entity2516 was analyzed in a subgroup with no history of refractive surgery, including intraocular lens implantation. @entity1 characteristics were analyzed separately in the groups of @entity1 with low (<15  mmHg) and high IOP (>= 15  mmHg) and in the groups with @entity5494 slope >= -1.0 and <-1.0  dB/year. RESULTS: Mean age, visual acuity (median), IOP, pre-treatment IOP (from @entity1 history), @entity2516 and @entity5494 were 61.7      12.5  years, -0.08 (interquartile range -0.08 to 0.05) LogMAR, 13.87      3.37  mmHg, 18.35      6.26  mmHg, -4.48      3.81 diopters and -11.73      8.83  dB, respectively. @entity725 and @entity9032 @entity1 had significant differences in mean age (63.4      12.4 vs. 60.7      12.5  years, P  <  0.01), visual acuity, IOP (14.95      4.20 vs. 13.21      2.54  mmHg, P  <  0.01) and @entity5494 (-13.85      9.32 vs. -10.45      8.27  dB, P  <  0.01). Interestingly, @entity5494 slope was slightly steeper in the low-IOP group than in the high-IOP group, although the difference was not statistically significant (-0.85 vs. -0.70  dB/year, P  =  0.31). Baseline @entity5494 was significantly worse in the group with @entity5494 slope <-1.0  dB/year than in the group with @entity5494 slope >= -1.0  dB/year (-11.56 vs. -7.64  dB/year, P  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We identified characteristics of @entity726 @entity1 at a university hospital that may reflect the specialized nature of such an institution.

title: Characteristics of XXXX with @entity725 and @entity9032 at a university hospital: a cross-sectional retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive error', 'refractive error']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity9032 :: ('MESH:D057066', 'Disease') :: ['normal tension glaucoma', 'NTG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the adequacy of initial @entity4808 in the community and its subsequent impact on treatment outcome. METHODS: Four-month prospective study of consecutive burn @entity1 presenting to Middlemore Hospital. @entity1 were interviewed to determine initial @entity4808 ( @entity4808 ) and assessed as "adequate" or "inadequate", then compared with subsequent treatment. Inpatient care was wound debridement with/without dressings (DO/DB) or split skin grafting (SSG). RESULTS: 40.5% of total 121 @entity1 received adequate @entity4808 , 59.5% did not, p = <0.001. 50% Caucasians received adequate @entity4808 , compared with 25% Maori and 33% Pacific Island @entity1 , p = 0.084. 15.7% of adequate @entity4808 @entity1 received DO/DB and 6.6% had SSG, compared with 23.4% and 19.3% respectively for inadequate @entity4808 , p = 0.03. @entity4808 occurred most frequently, 4% adequate @entity4808 @entity1 required SSG compared with 20% of inadequate @entity4808 @entity1 , p = 0.003. Maori and Pacific Island @entity1 were over-represented as inpatients (collectively 34.8%) when compared to Caucasian (24.8%) or other ethnic groups, p = 0.25. 38% of all @entity1 were @entity1 under 10 with inadequate @entity4808 tendency compared with adults, p = 0.067. Hospital stay decreased among adequate @entity4808 paediatric @entity1 , p = 0.016. CONCLUSIONS: A public education strategy is required to improve @entity4808 , targeting at-risk communities. Following this, the study should be repeated to determine the effectiveness of the campaign and any resultant change in community behaviour.

title: Burns treatment for XXXX and adults: a study of initial burns first aid and hospital care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['BFAT scald', 'burns first aid treatment', 'Scald burns', 'BFAT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The process of myogenesis includes the recognition, adhesion, and fusion of committed myoblasts into multinucleate syncytia. In the larval body wall muscles of @entity238 , this elaborate process is initiated by Founder Cells and Fusion-Competent Myoblasts (FCMs), and cell adhesion molecules @entity65420 (Kirre) and @entity65421 ( @entity65421 ) on their respective surfaces. The FCMs appear to provide the driving force for fusion, via the assembly of protrusions associated with branched @entity19631 and the @entity31076 , @entity31077 and @entity40786 /3 pathways. In the present study, we utilize the dorsal pharyngeal musculature that forms in the @entity238 embryo as a model to explore myoblast fusion and visualize the fusion process in live embryos. These muscles rely on the same cell types and genes as the body wall muscles, but are amenable to live imaging since they do not undergo extensive morphogenetic movement during formation. Time-lapse imaging with @entity19631 and membrane markers revealed dynamic FCM-associated actin-enriched protrusions that rapidly extend and retract into the myotube from different sites within the actin focus. Ultrastructural analysis of this actin-enriched area showed that they have two morphologically distinct structures: wider invasions and/or narrow filopodia that contain long linear filaments. Consistent with this, formin Diaphanous (Dia) and branched actin nucleator, @entity65422 , are found decorating the filopodia or enriched at the actin focus, respectively, indicating that linear actin is present along with branched actin at sites of fusion in the FCM. Gain-of-function Dia and loss-of-function @entity65422 both lead to fusion defects, a decrease of @entity19631 foci and prominent filopodia from the FCMs. We also observed differential endocytosis of cell surface components at sites of fusion, with actin reorganizing factors, @entity31076 and @entity31077 , and Kirre remaining on the myotube surface and @entity65421 preferentially taken up with other membrane proteins into early endosomes and lysosomes in the myotube.

title: Live Imaging Provides New Insights on Dynamic XXXX Filopodia and Differential Endocytosis during Myoblast Fusion in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity19631 :: (40444(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['F-Actin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoangiogenesis is particularly abundant in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and is associated with poor prognosis. As a result of the promising nature of phase II studies, a randomized phase III trial was designed to assess the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-etoposide for treatment of extensive disease @entity151 . We present the treatment rationale and study design of GOIRC trial (FARM6PMFJM study), a multicenter randomized phase III study, supported by AIFA (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 are randomized to receive either @entity900 25 mg/m(2) and @entity2879 100 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 to 3 (control arm) or the same chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 (experimental arm). Treatment is repeated every 3 weeks and for a maximum of 6 courses. @entity1 randomized to the experimental arm in the absence of  disease progression after 6 cycles continue bevacizumab alone until progression or for a maximum of 18 courses. Tumor assessment is done every 3 cycles. Major eligibility criteria are: age  >=  18 years; histologically or cytologically documented extensive disease @entity151 ; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status   <= 2; adequate hematological, hepatic and renal functions; no history of grade 2 or higher hemoptysis; and no evidence of @entity5 cavitation. The primary end point of this study is overall survival. Secondary end points include response rate, time to progression, and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: An interim futility analysis was performed by an Independent Data Monitoring Committee in September 2013 and the  trial obtained approval to continue. As of July 31, 2014, 171 @entity1 of 206 planned have been randomized.

title: Italian Multicenter Phase III Randomized Study of  @entity900 - XXXX With or Without Bevacizumab as First-Line Treatment in @entity5 : Treatment Rationale and Protocol Design of the GOIRC-AIFA FARM6PMFJM Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Left atrial (LA) @entity82 with @entity101 has been assumed to be the substrates for occurrence of @entity943 in athletes. However, this hypothesis has not yet been confirmed in @entity1 . Aim of this study was, therefore, to assess LA remodeling and stiffness in competitive athletes. 150 competitive athletes and 90  age and sex-matched sedentary subjects were analyzed by speckle-tracking echocardiography to measure peak @entity6475 (PALS) and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS). LA stiffness was determined using E/e' ratio in conjunction with PALS. Left ventricular (LV) stiffness was also calculated. LA volume index was greater in athletes as compared with controls (24.6      7.3 vs. 18.4      7.8  mL/m(2), p  <  .0001). LA PALS, LA PACS, and E/e' ratio were lower in athletes in comparison with controls (p  <  .05, p   <=  .001, and p  <  .0001, respectively). Despite greater LA size, competitive athletes had lower LA stiffness as compared with controls (0.13      0.04 vs. 0.16      0.06, p   <=  .001). In addition, LV stiffness was lower in athletes (0.84      0.27 vs. 1.07      0.46, p   <=  .001). The only independent predictor of LA stiffness was LV stiffness (b  =  0.46, p  <  .0001), while the only independent predictor of LA volume index was LV end-systolic volume index (b  =  0.25, p  =  .002). Competitive athletes showed greater LA size associated with lower stiffness as compared with controls. Thus, LA remodeling in the context of the @entity299 is not associated with increased LA stiffness. These findings support the benign nature of LA remodeling in athletes, occurring as a physiological adaptation to exercise conditioning.

title: Increased left atrial size is associated with reduced atrial stiffness and preserved reservoir function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased stiffness']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['atrial longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["athlete's heart"]

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['athlete's heart']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the molecular profile of fetal @entity1 retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) expanded in vitro and those grown in a co-culture system with @entity19 retina through the analysis of protein and gene expression and neurotransmitter-stimulated @entity460 dynamics. METHODS: hRPCS were isolated from @entity1 retina of 14 to 18 weeks gestational age (GA) and expanded in vitro. Immunoblot, microarray, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) assays were performed on undifferentiated hRPCs and those co-cultured with @entity19 retinas for 2 weeks. Cell function was assessed by using @entity460 imaging. RESULTS: The ICC results showed a gradual decrease in the percentages of KI67-, @entity4731 -, and @entity2277 -positive cells from passages (P) 1 to P6, whereas a sustained expression of nestin and @entity6484 was observed through P6. Microarray analysis of P1 hRPCs showed the expression of early retinal developmental genes: @entity2277 ( @entity2277 ), KI67, @entity15155 (nestin), @entity6484 , @entity4731 , @entity34519 , @entity32647 , @entity15470 , @entity26533 , @entity13657 , and @entity16527 ( @entity16527 ). @entity26560 , hRPCs continued to express @entity2277 , KI67, @entity15155 , @entity6484 , @entity4731 , @entity32647 , and @entity13657 . On co-culture, there was a significant increase in the expression of @entity13845 , @entity6484 , @entity4731 , @entity32647 , @entity25685 , and RHO ( @entity8695 ). @entity460 imaging showed a functional response to excitatory neurotransmitters. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal-derived hRPCs show molecular characteristics indicative of a retinal progenitor state up to P6 (latest passage studied). They show a progressive decrease in the expression of immature markers as they reach P6. These cells are functional, respond to excitatory neurotransmitters, and exhibit changes in expression patterns in response to co-culture with @entity19 retina.

title: Molecular characterization of XXXX retinal progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present the course of pregnancy and delivery in a @entity1 with @entity62443 . The @entity1 is a 29-year-old nulliparous @entity1 . She was diagnosed with @entity62443 at 10 years of ag. Her course of pregnancy was uneventful. She delivered after prophylactic lyophilized @entity1 @entity1003 factor IX complex 800 U was administered. The plasma prothrombin activity was at 24.0% of normal plasma clotting activity. Her postpartum course was uneventful. After 6 years, her course of pregnancy was the same as before. Prophylactic lyophilized @entity1 @entity1003 factor IX complex 800 Uwas administered. Her plasma prothrombin activity was at 26.7%, and she underwent an induced delivery. Her postpartum course was uneventful. It is beneficial to use prophylactic lyophilized @entity1 @entity1003 factor IX complex 800 U in pregnancies that are complicated by @entity62443 . The goal of therapy is to maintain prothrombin levels at above 20%.

title: A case of pregnancy complicated with XXXX (prothrombin Tokushima).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62443 :: ('MESH:C562724', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dysprothrombinemia', 'dysprothrombinemia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

answer: @entity62443 :: (MESH:C562724,Disease) :: ['congenital dysprothrombinemia']


abstract: Prophylactic platelet transfusions are considered as standard in most hematology centers, but there is a long-standing controversy as to whether standard prophylactic platelet transfusions are necessary or whether this strategy could be replaced by a therapeutic transfusion strategy. In 106 consecutive cases of @entity1 receiving 140 autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantations, we used a therapeutic platelet transfusion protocol when @entity1 were in a clinically stable condition. Platelet transfusions were only used when relevant @entity548 occurred (more than petechial). Median duration of @entity882 <20 x 10(9)/l and <10 x 10(9)/l was 6 and 3 days, which resulted in a total of 989 and 508 days, respectively. In only 26 out of 140 transplants (19%), we observed clinically relevant @entity548 of minor or moderate severity. No severe or life-threatening @entity548 was registered. The median and mean number of single donor platelet transfusions was one per transplant (range 0-18). One-third of all transplants, and 47% after high-dose melphalan could be performed without any platelet transfusion. Compared with a historical control group, we could reduce the number of platelet transfusions by one half. This therapeutic platelet transfusion strategy can be performed safely resulting in a considerable reduction in prophylactic platelet transfusions.

title: A therapeutic platelet transfusion strategy is safe and feasible in XXXX after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Contrast medium enhanced harmonic ultrasound is a recently developed ultrasound technique that improves the assessment of renal parenchymal vascularity. We performed a preliminary study to define the ability of contrast enhanced ultrasound with harmonic imaging to detect and localize renal scars in a porcine model of experimentally induced @entity2885 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vesicoureteral reflux was surgically induced in 10 @entity1707 weighing 10 kg. with the contralateral kidney serving as a control. Approximately 4 weeks after the creation of vesicoureteral reflux cystography confirmed reflux. Infection was induced by placing a suspension of paraffin broth impregnated with @entity526 in the bladder of each @entity1707 . At 4 to 8 weeks (mean 6.5) after the induction of infection a radiologist blinded to the side of the previous procedure performed conventional gray scale ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasound with harmonic power imaging. The animals were sacrificed; the kidneys were inspected and tissues from the upper, mid and lower poles were sent for culture and histological examination. Histology results were compared with the findings of the 3 ultrasound modalities. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1707 survived the surgical procedures with no complications. Post-contrast harmonic ultrasound images were available in 9 @entity1707 (18 renal units). Harmonic ultrasound revealed @entity551 in 11 renal units, including the upper pole in 7, lower pole in 3, and upper and lower poles in 2. Renal tissue cultures were positive in 11 renal units (6 refluxing units). Histological findings revealed @entity82 in 10 renal units (8 refluxing units). Harmonic ultrasound findings in these 10 renal units showed 9 with changes consistent with @entity32 or scars. Using histological results as the gold standard for @entity8 harmonic ultrasound was more sensitive than gray scale ultrasound for detecting @entity8 with 90% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 81% positive predictive value and 85% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate that contrast enhanced ultrasound with harmonic imaging is a sensitive method for determining renal scarring without the need for radiation exposure. It may be prove to be a useful adjunct for evaluating @entity1 who present with @entity293 .

title: Reliability of contrast enhanced sonography with harmonic imaging for detecting early renal scarring in experimental XXXX in a porcine model: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2885 :: (MESH:D011704,Disease) :: ['pyelonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features, therapeutic methods and prognosis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 @entity1 treated in Ruijin Hospital from January 2003 to December 2013 were included in this study, with 17 @entity4812 (DLBCL), 1 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 1 @entity706 ( @entity706 ), 1 @entity2109 and 1 subcutaneous @entity784 according to the WHO 2008 classification. Of 21 @entity1 , only one @entity1 with @entity5 has bulged @entity5 mass (>7 cm), other @entity1 had @entity5 mass <5 cm. Six @entity1 had core needle biopsy of @entity5 , 2 modified radical operation, and others @entity5 excision for diagnosis. All the @entity1 received chemotherapy. The impacts of surgery, rituximab and prophylaxis with lumbar puncture on the outcomes of @entity1 were analyzed. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. All the results were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: Among 21 @entity0 @entity1 , 19 achieved complete remission (CR), 1 partial remission (PR) and 1 disease progression ( @entity1726 ). Followed-up till July 2014, with median follow-up of 14 months (6-75 months), only one @entity1 died, with 3-year survival of 92.3%. Compared with chemotherapy alone, the progression-free survival (PFS) of combination therapy (surgery plus chemotherapy) was significant longer (P=0.015), but without statistic differences of CR rate and overall survival (OS) between two groups. Among the 20 @entity1 with @entity2225 -positive @entity5 cells, 17 received Rituximab. PFS and OS, as well as CR rate of @entity0 had no difference between the treatment with and without Rituximab. The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) infiltration had no difference between @entity1 with and without CNS prophylaxis through lumber-puncture and intrathecal injection. CONCLUSION: With the common subtype of DLBCL, @entity0 @entity1 had good outcome. Surgery, as a method to obtain @entity5 samples for diagnosis, could not prolong OS of @entity1 . Therefore, radical operation shouldn't be recommended. @entity0 was reported to have high risk of CNS events, but prophylaxis with lumber puncture and intrathecal injection couldn't decrease the incidence of CNS infiltration.

title: [Clinical and prognostic analysis of 21 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['primary breast lymphoma', 'PBL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor', 'tumor', 'MALT']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['peniculitis T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['primary breast lymphoma']


abstract: Contamination of beef by tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) due to slaughter technology causes some concern considering the potential health hazard by food borne exposure to the infectious agent of @entity9567 . The present study was designed to quantify the extent of CNS contamination as pertaining to stunning and splitting technology. Of the 726 animals 48 contained a total of 58 @entity999 in lungs and/or right ventricles. The incidence of @entity999 was found to be slightly higher in animals slaughtered without pithing (5.9%) than in the animals slaughtered with pithing (4.1%). Of the 58 @entity999 only two were positive in the anti-NSE western immunoblotting (0.3% of the 726 animals). The immuno reaction of these NSE-positive particles was several orders of magnitude lower as obtained by pure brain material. The microscopical analysis of the two @entity999 for presence of CNS-like tissues was negative. Following splitting of carcasses by sawing with and without prior removing the spinal cord we found NSE-positive reactions in 32% and 17% of the samples, respectively. The immuno reaction, however, was predominantly comparable to standard material containing less than 0.5% CNS. Overall the results show that CNS contamination of @entity291 carcasses cannot be excluded by current slaughter technology. However, the additional @entity1 @entity9567 -exposure risk can be judged to be at least minor when considering extent of contamination, dilution effects and @entity9567 -testing.

title: Studies on contamination of beef with tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) as pertaining to slaughtering technology and @entity1 XXXX -exposure risk.

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['NSE-positive emboli-like particles', 'emboli-like particles']

answer: @entity9567 :: (MESH:D016643,Disease) :: ['BSE']


abstract: PURPOSE: Due to high thrombus load, @entity64 @entity1 with tandem obstructions of the extra- and intracranial carotid arteries or the middle cerebral artery show a very limited response to systemic thrombolysis. Interventional treatment with mechanical thrombectomy-often in combination with acute stenting of underlying @entity731 or dissection-is increasingly used. It has been shown that such complex interventions are technically feasible. The lack of optimal management strategies and clinical data encouraged us to review our @entity64 interventions in @entity1 with anterior circulation tandem lesions to determine lesion patterns, interventional approaches, and angiographic or clinical outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 39 consecutive @entity1 with @entity432 of the anterior circulation simultaneously presenting with high-grade cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity850 or @entity432 . RESULTS: Emergency ICA stent implantation was technically feasible in all @entity1 , and intracranial recanalization with TICI  >=   2b was reached in a large number of @entity1 (64  %). Good clinical outcomes ( @entity5329 at 3  months) were achieved in one third of the @entity1 (36  %). Symptomatic @entity548 occurred in four @entity1 (10  %). Mortality was 10  %. CONCLUSION: Endovascular recanalization of acute cervical carotid artery @entity432 was technically feasible in all @entity1 , and resulted in high extra- and intracranial revascularization rates. A trend for favorable clinical outcome was seen in a higher TICI score, younger age, good collateral status, and combined IV rTPA and endovascular therapy.

title: Acute XXXX and Obstruction of the Extracranial Carotid Artery Combined with Intracranial Tandem Occlusion: Results of Interventional Revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vessel occlusion', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Pyrolytic @entity505 mechanical heart valves (MHVs) are widely used to replace dysfunctional and failed heart valves. As the @entity1 heart beats around 40 million times per year, fatigue is the prime mechanism of mechanical failure. In this study, a finite element approach is implemented to develop a model for fatigue analysis of MHVs due to the impact force between the leaflet and the stent and cavitation in the aortic position. A two-step method to predict crack propagation in the leaflets of MHVs has been developed. Stress intensity factors (SIFs) are computed at a small initiated crack located on the leaflet edge (the worst case) using the boundary element method (BEM). Static analysis of the crack is performed to analyse the stress distribution around the front crack zone when the crack is opened; this is followed by a dynamic crack analysis to consider crack propagation using the finite element approach. Two factors are taken into account in the calculation of the SIFs: first, the effect of microjet formation due to cavitation in the vicinity of leaflets, resulting in water hammer pressure; second, the effect of the impact force between the leaflet and the stent of the MHVs, both in the closing phase. The critical @entity42747 , the SIFs, the water hammer pressure, and the maximum jet velocity due to cavitation have been calculated. With an @entity42747 of 35 microm, the fatigue life of the @entity340 is greater than 60 years (i.e. about 2.2 x 10(9) cycles) and, with an @entity42747 of 170 microm, the fatigue life of the @entity340 would be around 2.5 years (i.e. about 9.1 x 10(7) cycles). For an @entity42747 greater than 170 microm, there is catastrophic failure and fatigue cracking no longer occurs. A finite element model of fatigue analysis using Patran command language (PCL custom code) in MSC software can be used to evaluate the useful lifespan of MHVs. Similar methodologies can be extended to other medical devices under cyclic loads.

title: A finite element model on effects of impact load and cavitation on fatigue crack propagation in mechanical bileaflet aortic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve']

entities_list: @entity42747 :: ('MESH:D003387', 'Disease') :: ['initial crack length']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['heart valve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Like @entity1 MAP kinases, the mating-specific Fus3 MAPK of @entity375 accumulates in the nuclei of stimulated cells. Because Fus3 does not appear to be subjected to active nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, it is not clear how its activation by mating pheromone effects the observed change in its localization. One possibility is that the activation of Fus3 changes its affinity for nuclear and cytoplasmic tethers. RESULTS: @entity55055 , @entity55056 , and @entity9457 are nuclear proteins that interact with Fus3. We found that the pheromone-induced nuclear accumulation of a Fus3-GFP reporter is reduced in cells lacking @entity55055 or @entity55056 , whereas Fus3T180AY182A-GFP localization was unaffected by the absence of these proteins. This suggests that @entity55055 and @entity55056 contribute to the retention of phosphorylated Fus3 in the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of @entity9457 caused the @entity409 of Fus3-GFP (but not Fus3T180AY182A-GFP) in the nuclei of @entity5681 -treated cells, suggesting that @entity9457 also plays a role in the nuclear retention of phosphorylated Fus3, either by directly interacting with it or by transcribing genes whose protein products are Fus3 tethers. We have previously reported that overexpression of the @entity9793 phosphatase inhibits the nuclear localization of Fus3. Here we show that this effect depends on the phosphatase activity of @entity9793 , and provide evidence that both nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity9793 can affect the localization of Fus3. CONCLUSION: Our data are consistent with a model in which the pheromone-induced phosphorylation of Fus3 increases its affinity for nuclear tethers, which contributes to its nuclear accumulation and is antagonized by @entity9793 .

title: The pheromone-induced nuclear accumulation of the Fus3 MAPK in @entity375 depends on its phosphorylation state and on XXXX and @entity55056 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-accumulation']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity55055 :: (856058(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Dig1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: About 15% of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or minor @entity385 have functional impairment after 3  months. We studied the role of whole brain computed tomography perfusion (WB- @entity93 ) in the emergency diagnosis of @entity63 or @entity64 in predicting disability at 3  months. METHODS: We included @entity1 with ongoing symptoms of a @entity63 or @entity64 with a National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score less than 4 who were evaluated with noncontrast CT (NCCT), CT angiography (CTA), and WB-CTP within 24  hours of symptom onset. @entity1 treated with thrombolysis or a premorbid @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) score greater than 1 were excluded. The association between clinical or imaging features and disability ( @entity2653 score >= 2) at 3  months was analyzed with Poisson regression. Potential additional prognostic value of WB-CTP was assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS: We included 115 @entity1 in 2012 to 2013. Median age was 68  years, and 66% were @entity1 . At 3  months, 20 @entity1 (17%) were disabled. NIHSS score on admission (relative risk [RR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-9.3), female sex (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3), early @entity63 changes on NCCT (RR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.6-9.9), extracranial or @entity932 >= 50% on CTA (RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.4), and perfusion abnormalities on WB-CTP (RR, 11.4; 95% CI, 4.6-28.2) were associated with disability at 3  months. In multivariable analysis, the relation between perfusion abnormalities and poor outcome remained essentially the same. WB-CTP showed prognostic value in addition to proved clinical and imaging predictors of disability. CONCLUSIONS: WB-CTP is useful to identify @entity1 with @entity63 or minor @entity385 at high risk of functional impairment at 3-month follow-up.

title: Value of Whole Brain Computed Tomography Perfusion for Predicting Outcome After @entity63 or Minor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vessel stenosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'ischemic', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: OBJECT: Spinal dural arteriovenous @entity292 (DAVFs) are the most common @entity1462 and can be a significant cause of @entity602 , yet remain inefficiently diagnosed lesions. Over the last several decades, the treatment of spinal DAVFs has improved tremendously due to improvements in neuroimaging, microsurgical, and endovascular techniques. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature regarding the clinical characteristics, classification, and endovascular management of spinal DAVFs. METHODS: A search of the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine and reference lists of all relevant articles was conducted to identify all studies pertaining to spinal DAVFs, spinal dural @entity292 , and @entity1462 , with particular attention to endovascular management and outcomes. RESULTS: The ability to definitively treat spinal DAVFs using endovascular embolization has significantly improved over the last several decades. Overall rates of definitive embolization of spinal DAVFs have ranged between 25 and 100%, depending in part on the embolic agent used and the use of variable stiffness microcatheters. The majority of recent studies in which @entity7548 or other liquid embolic agents were used have reported success rates of 70-90%. Surgical treatment remains the definitive option in cases of failed embolization, repeated recanalization, or lesions not amenable to embolization. Clinical outcomes have been comparable to surgical treatment when the fistula and draining vein remain persistently occluded. Improvements in gait and motor function are more likely following successful treatment, whereas micturition symptoms are less likely to improve. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular embolization is an increasingly effective therapy in the treatment of spinal DAVFs, and can be used as a definitive intervention in the majority of @entity1 that undergo modern endovascular intervention. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of these lesions is required, as surgery is required for refractory cases or those not amenable to embolization. Newer embolic agents, such as Onyx, hold significant promise for future therapy, yet long-term follow-up studies are required.

title: Endovascular management of spinal dural arteriovenous XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['spinal vascular malformations']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: The dentate gyrus (DG) normally functions as a filter, preventing propagation of synchronized activity into the @entity410 -prone hippocampus. This filter or 'gatekeeper' attribute of the DG is compromised in various pathological states, including @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). This study examines the role that altered inhibition may play in the deterioration of this crucial DG function. Using the @entity2134 animal model of @entity1315 , we demonstrate that inhibitory synaptic function is altered in principal cells of the DG. Spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) recorded in dentate granule cells (DGCs) from @entity302 animals were larger, more sensitive to blockade by @entity219 and less sensitive to augmentation by the @entity1245 type site 1 modulator @entity2492 . Furthermore, mIPSCs examined during a quiescent period following injury but preceding onset of @entity302 were significantly smaller than those present either in control or in @entity1315 DGCs, and had already acquired sensitivity to blockade by @entity219 prior to the onset of spontaneous @entity410 . Rapid agonist application experiments demonstrated that prolonged (>35 ms) exposure to @entity219 is required to block GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in patches pulled from @entity302 DGCs. Therefore, @entity219 must be tonically present to block DGC GABAARs and alter DG function. This would occur only during repetitive activation of mossy fibres. Thus, in the @entity2134 animal model of @entity1315 , an early, de novo, expression of @entity219 -sensitive GABAARs is coupled with delayed, @entity302 -induced development of a @entity219 delivery system provided by aberrant sprouting of @entity219 -containing mossy fibre recurrent collaterals. The temporal and spatial juxtaposition of these pathophysiological alterations may compromise normal 'gatekeeper' function of the DG through dynamic @entity219 -induced failure of inhibition, predisposing the hippocampal circuit to generate @entity410 .

title: Dentate granule cell GABA(A) receptors in XXXX hippocampus: enhanced synaptic efficacy and altered pharmacology.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: @entity241 ( @entity241 ) is an uncommon @entity8650 . It is locally invasive and is known to recur. @entity3 are rare and occur most commonly to the lungs. @entity3 to lymph nodes is extremely rare with only a few case reports in literature. The management strategy for such lymph node @entity3 remains controversial because of rarity of the condition. We report a case of @entity241 of the lower limb with definite inguinal node secondaries managed by loco-regional surgery. We recommend that block dissection of lymph nodes should be performed in all cases with secondaries. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;72;178-180.

title: XXXX metastasizing to lymph nodes: a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans', 'DFSP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous soft tissue tumor']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether pretreatment CT texture features can improve @entity1 risk stratification beyond conventional prognostic factors (CPFs) in @entity5 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 91 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with definitive chemoradiation. All @entity1 underwent a pretreatment diagnostic contrast enhanced CT (CE-CT) followed by a 4D-CT for treatment simulation. We used the average (average-CT) and expiratory (T50-CT) images from the 4D-CT along with the CE-CT for texture extraction. Histogram, gradient, co-occurrence, gray-tone difference, and filtration based techniques were used for texture feature extraction. Penalized Cox regression implementing cross-validation was used for covariate selection and modeling. Models incorporating texture features from the 3 image types and CPFs were compared to models incorporating CPFs alone for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), local-regional control (LRC), and freedom from distant metastases (FFDM). Predictive Kaplan-Meier curves were generated using leave-one-out cross-validation. @entity1 were stratified based on their predicted outcome being above/below the median. Reproducibility of texture features was evaluated using test-retest scans from independent @entity1 and quantified using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). We compared models incorporating the reproducibility seen on test-retest scans to our original models and determined the classification accuracy. RESULTS: Models incorporating both texture features and CPFs demonstrated a significant improvement in risk stratification compared to models using CPFs alone in terms of @entity1349 (p=0.046), LRC (p=0.01), and FFDM (p=0.005). The average CCC was 0.89, 0.91, and 0.67 for texture features extracted from the average-CT, T50-CT, and CE-CT, respectively. Incorporating reproducibility within our models yielded 80.4 (SD=3.7), 78.3 (SD=4.0), and 78.8 (SD=3.9) percent classification accuracy in terms of @entity1349 , LRC, and FFDM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 texture may provide prognostic information beyond what is obtained from CPFs. Reproducibility of CE-CT appears inferior to average-CT and T50-CT; however model classification accuracy rates of approximately 80% were still achieved.

title: MO-A-BRD-04: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of Pretreatment CT Texture Features in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'stage III NSCLC', 'Pretreatment tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: The surgical management of @entity322 due to @entity1690 is still a challenging issue for urologists to date. We reviewed our experience with the @entity4438 performed in 10 male and 3 female @entity1 3 to 72 years old (median age 13 years) with @entity1690 , including 11 with a @entity1494 (8 with @entity2590 , 2 after pelvic operation and 1 after @entity1566 ), 1 after transurethral resection of the prostate and 1 after surgical @entity1494 . @entity1 selection for a sling procedure was based on cystography (an open @entity1494 ) and urodynamic findings (underactive external urethral sphincter on electromyography and low maximum urethral closure pressure). A free graft of fascia was harvested from the rectus fascia in 8 @entity1 and from the fascia lata in 5, and the @entity4438 was placed around the @entity1494 in 11 and the bulbous urethra in 2. Augmentation cystoplasty was performed concomitantly in 9 @entity1 with poor bladder compliance (8 ileocystoplasty and 1 gastrocystoplasty). Postoperative followup ranged from 4 to 63 months (mean 36). Nine @entity1 became continent and 3 improved significantly but remain damp. Of these 12 @entity1 10 with a @entity1494 were placed on intermittent catheterization, while the 2 without a @entity1494 are able to void normally. The remaining @entity1 with surgical failure due to inadvertent wound @entity281 received an indwelling urethral catheter. In all but this @entity1 preoperative and postoperative maximum urethral closure pressures were 34.3 +/- 5.7 and 37.2 +/- 3.8 cm. water, respectively, without a significant increase. However, postoperative simultaneous measurements of intravesical and intraurethral pressure demonstrated a dramatic increase in intraurethral pressure during coughing or straining because of the action of the sling. Postoperative upper urinary tract deterioration has not been documented to date. Although various surgical options have been available, the @entity4438 seems to be promising in the management of refractory @entity322 due to @entity1690 .

title: Fascial sling for the management of @entity322 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter incompetence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial sling']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'injury to the bladder neck', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['sphincter incompetence']


abstract: @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) is increasingly popular in the treatment of @entity810 ( @entity810 ). @entity2794 could remove drugs to a much different degree compared with intermittent standard hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapies; however, there are only scarce data on how @entity2794 influences the pharmacokinetics of frequently used drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of two @entity1536 antibiotics in @entity1 who had anuric @entity810 and were being treated with @entity2794 . Adult @entity1 who were in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care university hospital and receiving @entity3477 (n = 10) or @entity800 (n = 5) therapy were included. The antibiotics were administered intravenously 8 h (400 mg of @entity3477 ) or 12 h (500 mg of @entity800 ) before @entity2794 to study pharmacokinetics off and on @entity2794 . Treatment lasted 8 h; blood and dialysate flow rates were 160 ml/min. In addition to standard pharmacokinetic parameters, the total dialysate concentration of both drugs was measured using a technically simple single-pass batch dialysis system for @entity2794 . @entity3477 pharmacokinetics in @entity3124 @entity1 who had @entity810 and were undergoing @entity2794 were similar to those in healthy subjects without @entity8 . @entity800 , although removed by @entity2794 , had a lower total clearance compared with healthy subjects. According to these findings, anuric @entity3124 @entity1 who are undergoing @entity2794 should be treated with the standard dosage of @entity3477 (400 mg/d intravenously). The @entity800 dosage, however, should be reduced according to the intensity of renal replacement therapy.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity3477 and @entity800 in intensive care unit @entity1 who have XXXX and undergo extended daily dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Extended daily dialysis', 'EDD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: A 21-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for acute @entity99 of unknown cause. His liver function improved with rest, but worsened 2 months later. He developed a high @entity221 and @entity3043 . The serum level of cytokines including @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity650 , and @entity6824 was elevated, and hemophagocytes were seen in bone marrow. These findings suggested a @entity9058 -like state. With @entity617 , gamma-globulin, and @entity1261 , the high @entity221 disappeared and the @entity1 's liver function gradually recovered. However, the severe @entity3043 persisted. The bone marrow became acellular with a small number of hemophagocytes, and @entity99 -associated @entity2150 was diagnosed. After immunosuppressive therapy with ATG, CyA and @entity1261 was started, and the @entity1 showed hematopoietic reconstitution. The bone marrow CD4+/ @entity405 + lymphocyte ratio recovered to within the normal range, and the serum cytokines including @entity310 and @entity379 decreased. The increase in serum cytokines, particularly @entity310 and INF-gamma, as well as the presence of activated T cells associated with the preceding @entity9058 -like state may have predisposed this @entity1 to @entity2150 .

title: [ @entity99 -associated @entity2150 preceded by a XXXX -like state].

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is a severe @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) that necessitates staged, single ventricle surgical palliation. An increased frequency of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has been observed among relatives. We postulated number of mutant alleles as a molecular basis for variable @entity4297 expression in an extended family comprised of an @entity1699 proband and four family members who underwent echocardiography and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Dermal fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were procured from the proband-parent trio and bioengineered into cardiomyocytes. Cardiac phenotyping revealed @entity886 and a slit-like left ventricular cavity in the @entity1699 proband, isolated @entity338 in his mother, BAV in a maternal 4   relative, and no @entity4297 in his father or sister. Filtering of WGS for rare, functional variants that segregated with @entity4297 and were compound heterozygous in the @entity1699 proband identified @entity125 as the sole candidate gene. An unreported missense mutation ( @entity67407 ) in the cytoplasmic domain, segregating with @entity600 , was maternally inherited and a rare missense mutation ( @entity67408 ) in the extracellular domain, clinically silent in the heterozygous state, was paternally inherited. @entity1 -specific iPSCs exhibited diminished transcript levels of @entity125 signaling pathway components, @entity73 , and a higher prevalence of heterogeneous myofilament organization. Extended, phenotypically characterized families enable WGS-derived variant filtering for plausible Mendelian modes of inheritance, a powerful strategy to discover molecular underpinnings of @entity4297 . Identification of compound heterozygous @entity125 mutations and iPSC-based functional modeling implicate mutant allele burden and impaired myogenic potential as mechanisms for @entity1699 .

title: Compound heterozygous @entity125 mutations underlie impaired cardiogenesis in a XXXX with @entity1699 .

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve atresia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['semilunar valve malformation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Growing number of @entity4066 has been detected due to higher awareness and improved imaging techniques, even after seemingly minor head turning in young- or middle-aged adults without predisposing risk factors for @entity66 . Treatment options for this condition at this time are limited and there is a troubling shortage of controlled studies. SUMMARY OF CASE: Our @entity1 suffered a bilateral @entity4066 complicated by posterior circulation @entity64 . We decided to treat @entity64 with intravenous thrombolytic therapy. @entity1 's condition worsened despite the treatment so emergency angiography was performed to assess the arterial patency. Additional dose of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator together with mechanical thrombectomy was administered using intraarterial route. The @entity1 recovered well and at 12-month follow-up visit he had only right marginal incomplete @entity1805 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4066 should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of posterior circulation @entity64 or @entity4905 in young @entity1 with a history of even as subtle precipitating events as forceful head movements. Combined thrombolytic therapy may provide safe and effective treatment of @entity64 -complicated cases. This case report shows that expanded diagnostic protocol for acute @entity385 , including computed tomography perfusion study and angiography of cervical and cranial vessels, assures rapid and correct diagnosis.

title: Combined thrombolysis in posterior circulation @entity64 caused by bilateral XXXX in squash player.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection', 'Vertebral artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature on @entity884 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is virtually confined to case reports. Consequently, the risk of @entity884 in @entity1121 remains undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the occurrence of @entity884 in 810 @entity1121 @entity1 evaluated between 1970 and 1997. @entity884 was diagnosed in 10 @entity1 , 2 of whom were excluded from analysis of prevalence and incidence because they were referred for @entity697 . At first evaluation, echocardiographic features consistent with prior @entity884 were identified in 3 of 808 @entity1 , a prevalence of 3.7 per 1000 @entity1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 11). Of 681 @entity1 who were followed, 5 developed @entity884 , an incidence of 1.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.2); outflow obstruction was present in each of these 5 @entity1 and was associated with the risk of @entity884 (P=0.006). In the 224 obstructive @entity1 , incidence of @entity884 was 3.8 per 1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 1.6 to 8.9) and probability of @entity884 4. 3% at 10 years. Left atrial size was also associated with the risk of @entity884 (P=0.007). In @entity1 with both obstruction and @entity384 (>/=50 mm), incidence of @entity884 increased to 9.2 per 1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 2.5 to 23.5). Analysis of all 10 @entity1 with @entity884 identified outflow obstruction in each and @entity384 in 7. CONCLUSIONS: @entity884 in @entity1121 is virtually confined to @entity1 with outflow obstruction and is more common in those with both obstruction and @entity384 . These results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis is required only in @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 .

title: @entity884 in XXXX : prevalence, incidence, and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is the most common @entity74 among @entity1 and is often defined as @entity3428 . These @entity1 are at risk for oligo/ @entity2588 , chronic @entity3206 , @entity249 , @entity28 , @entity2208 , @entity2690 resistance, @entity3190 and @entity209 . @entity1374 especially @entity1375 is more common in these @entity1 . In @entity3610 @entity1 , @entity1375 may aggravate @entity2690 resistance. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to find any relationship between @entity1375 and @entity2690 resistance in @entity3610 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cross sectional study we included all @entity3610 @entity1 coming to @entity249 clinic of Taleghani Hospital in 2010-2012 who had the criteria of Rotterdam for @entity3610 . Then the clinical examination was done for them and height, weight, body mass index and lab data were measured including thyroid hormone and biochemical profile. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Among 75 @entity3610 @entity1 , 19 (25.5%) had @entity1375 and 56 @entity1 (74.4%) were euthyroid. The prevalence of @entity2690 resistance was 22.7% and 77.3% of @entity1 had no @entity2690 resistance were normal. CONCLUSION: We could find no relationship between @entity2690 resistance and @entity1375 in @entity3610 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity2690 resistance in @entity3610 : is there a relationship?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Subclinical hypothyroidism']