abstract: Aims. To evaluate whether reduced waiting time influences survival of @entity1 treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain @entity3 . Materials and Methods. Retrospective intention-to-treat study including 110 @entity1 treated with primary WBRT (typically 10 fractions of 3   Gy; no other treatment between diagnosis and WBRT). Uni- and multivariate tests were performed. Results. Median delay between imaging diagnosis and WBRT was 12 days (range 0-66 days). WBRT started within 1 week in 36%, during the second week in 28%, and during the third week in 18% of @entity1 . No significant correlation between waiting time and survival was evident, except for one subgroup of @entity1 . Those without extracranial @entity3 (potentially more threatened by worse @entity1504 control) survived for a median of 2.5 months from WBRT if waiting time was 2 weeks or longer as compared to 5.6 months if waiting time was shorter than 2 weeks (P = 0.03). The same correlation was seen if survival was computed from imaging diagnosis. Conclusion. If departmental resources are not sufficient to provide immediate WBRT within 2 weeks to all @entity1 , those without extracranial @entity3 should be prioritised. This study did not address the impact of waiting time on quality of life or symptom palliation.

title: Does Time between Imaging Diagnosis and Initiation of Radiotherapy Impact Survival after Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Continued progress in @entity988 investigation requires the development of less invasive procedures for screening purposes. The application of finger-prick and related dried @entity1503 (fpDBS) for @entity10067 detection appears suitable for this aim. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a screening method for @entity10067 using fpDBS with capillary electrophoresis (CZE) analysis.Blood samples prepared by finger-prick were placed on DBS cards and left to air dry; each dried fpDBS disc was shredded into small pieces and suspended in acid solution (60  L of @entity5828 120 mmol/L). After centrifugation (10 min at 1500g) the collected sample was adjusted to pH 3.5. After an overnight incubation, the pH was neutralized and an @entity68 rich solution was added. After 1 hour, CZE analysis was carried out. A group of 47 individuals was studied. Parallel serum samples collected from each investigated subject and the % @entity10067 for each sample was measured using @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and CZE techniques. The fpDBS @entity69 sialo isoform electropherograms were similar to those obtained with serum. Moreover, fpDBS CZE @entity10067 percentage levels demonstrated significant statistical correlation with those obtained from serum for both @entity2101 and CZE % @entity10067 (p< 0.01; r(2) = 0.8913 and r(2) = 0.8976 respectively), with % @entity10067 from 0.8% to 13.7% for fpDBS and from 0.7% to 12.7% for serum. The newly developed fpDBS procedure for @entity10067 analysis provides a simple and inexpensive tool for use in population screening. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The use of finger-prick dried XXXX (fpdbs) and capillary electrophoresis for carbohydrate deficient @entity69 (cdt) screening in forensic toxicology.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcohol abuse']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood spots']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HPLC', 'high performance liquid chromatography']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood spots']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare primary care providers' (PCPs') use of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and surgical referrals for @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) before and after dissemination of the 1994 Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research (AHCPR) @entity1643 guidelines. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Computerized audits identified @entity1 with @entity1643 evaluated by PCPs in 1994 or 1996 at a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center who had an MRI order and/or a surgical referral. Research assistants recorded @entity1 ' demographic characteristics, @entity1643 -related symptoms, and whether the PCP ordered an MRI and/or a surgery consult. For @entity1 referred to surgery without an MRI, subsequent MRI orders by surgeons were recorded. We compared @entity1 characteristics and utilization patterns for 1994 and 1996 and identified independent predictors of MRI orders. RESULTS: PCPs saw 279 and 261 @entity1 with @entity1643 in 1994 and 1996, respectively. An almost identical number of MRIs were ordered in 1994 (99 by PCPs and 42 by surgeons) and 1996 (105 by PCPs and 32 by surgeons). Nearly 50% of @entity1 meeting AHCPR guidelines underwent an MRI in 1994 or 1996. PCPs more frequently ordered a surgery consult in 1994 than in 1996. Providers were less likely to order an MRI for @entity1 with a previous MRI and more likely to order an MRI for those seen in an urgent visit clinic. Neither year nor meeting AHCPR guidelines predicted MRI ordering. CONCLUSIONS: Orders for MRI did not decrease after education on the guidelines. Limiting MRI orders to only "appropriate" @entity1 would not have changed the observed results.

title: Can guidelines impact the ordering of magnetic resonance imaging studies by primary care providers for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brusini's recently introduced @entity726 @entity5 system (GSS) categorizes visual-field damages into different types (i.e. generalized, mixed and localized) and classifies them into stages similar to those of Aulhorn-Karmeyer. Basically, the Brusini GSS is a scatterplot of mean defect ( @entity13671 ) and corrected loss variance ( @entity7618 ; y-axis). The Brusini GSS charts are claimed to be simple to understand due to their 2-dimensional spatial representation and there is no subjective interpretation necessary, since their numerical presentation provides an objective evaluation. Inter- and intraindividual comparisons are, thus, provided 'at a glance'. METHODS: Retrospectively, 610 visual fields (Octopus 201, Program G1) for each eye of 32 @entity726 @entity1 were inspected on screen with PeriData 7.0. The performance of the Brusini GSS was evaluated in terms of typing of @entity227 and @entity5 as defined by the Aulhorn-Karmeyer classification. RESULTS: Typing of defects into 'normal' and various degrees of generalized and localized damage agreed with PeriData in 89% of fields; 5% were wrongly classified as normal by the Brusini GSS. The type of @entity227 showed in 1.3% fields as marked and in 5% a minor discrepancy. Most of the 11% of nonagreement was due to high short-term fluctuation. Agreement could potentially be enhanced by using loss variance instead of @entity7618 Staging of @entity227 with Brusini GSS charts was in agreement with the Aulhorn-Karmeyer classification in 73% of fields. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend the Brusini GSS because of its simplicity to concisely describe @entity227 for clinical use as well as research work and because of the remarkably good agreement with the well-known Aulhorn-Karmeyer classification.

title: Evaluation of the Brusini @entity726 @entity5 system for typing and XXXX of perimetric results.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual defect', 'visual-field damage', 'visual-field defects', 'visual-field defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['staging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of opioid medications to manage @entity1118 is complex and challenging, especially in primary care settings. Medication contracts are increasingly being used to monitor @entity1 adherence, but little is known about the long-term outcomes of such contracts. OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcomes of a medication contract agreement for @entity1 receiving opioid medications in a primary care setting. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 placed on a contract for opioid medication between 1998 and 2003 in an academic General Internal Medicine teaching clinic. MEASUREMENTS: Demographics, diagnoses, opiates prescribed, urine drug screens, and reasons for contract cancellation were recorded. The association of physician contract cancellation with @entity1 factors and medication types were examined using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 330 @entity1 constituting 4% of the clinic population were placed on contracts during the study period. Seventy percent were on indigent care programs. The majority had @entity1643 (38%) or @entity239 (23%). Contracts were discontinued in 37%. Only 17% were cancelled for substance abuse and noncompliance. Twenty percent discontinued contract voluntarily. Urine toxicology screens were obtained in 42% of @entity1 of whom 38% were positive for illicit substances. CONCLUSIONS: Over 60% of @entity1 adhered to the contract agreement for opioids with a median follow-up of 22.5 months. Our experience provides insight into establishing a systematic approach to opioid administration and monitoring in primary care practices. A more structured drug testing strategy is needed to identify nonadherent @entity1 .

title: Long-term opioid contract use for XXXX management in primary care practice. A five year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this paper is to study short-term changes in @entity167 consumption by subgroups of the population in Denmark, Finland and southern Sweden following large-scale decreases in @entity167 taxation in Denmark and Finland and large increases in travellers' allowances in Finland and Sweden. DESIGN: General population random samples surveyed before and after the changes, using northern Sweden as a control site. SETTING: Denmark, Finland, southern Sweden and northern Sweden. @entity1 : Respondents aged 16-69 years. MEASUREMENTS: Volume of drinking is the main measure reported. Changes are examined by gender, age, income and year 2003 consumption level. RESULTS: Consumption decreased or remained the same among @entity1 and @entity1 in all three study sites. Relative changes were similar across subgroups of age, gender and income in all countries. In absolute terms, there was a consistent differential change by age in Denmark, Finland and Southern Sweden, with the higher level of the young and lower level of the old converging. @entity1 's and @entity1 's consumption converged in Finland and southern Sweden. The changes did not differ systematically by income. Changes were not larger among heavier drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The results did not confirm expectations: an increase in consumption larger than that in the control site could not be shown in any of the countries or subgroups of the population. If there has been an effect -- as shown in aggregate data in Finland -- it seems to have been stronger among the old than the young and, in Finland and southern Sweden, among @entity1 rather than @entity1 .

title: Changes in volume of drinking after changes in XXXX taxes and travellers' allowances: results from a panel study.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) and its physiological antagonist @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of @entity29 . Polymorphisms in the genes coding for these cytokines, the restriction enzyme TaqI polymorphism for @entity1356 and the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism for @entity1193 , have been shown to influence cytokine synthesis in vitro. Recently, an association has been described for distinct allele combinations of these two polymorphisms in @entity1 with @entity31 and with @entity30 but not in healthy control subjects. METHODS: We studied 56 @entity1 with @entity31 , 64 @entity1 with @entity30 and 196 healthy control subjects. All were unrelated Caucasians of European ancestry. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the amplification products were analysed on agarose gels. For the @entity1356 polymorphism the PCR product was additionally digested using the restriction enzyme TaqI. RESULTS: The allele and genotype frequencies as well as the carriage rates of the @entity1356 TaqI polymorphism in healthy control subjects were in agreement with previous findings in other populations. Allele and genotype frequencies of the @entity1356 polymorphism were not different in @entity29 @entity1 compared with healthy control subjects. Comparing allele combinations of both polymorphisms no association could be identified either within healthy control subjects or in the groups of @entity1 with @entity31 or @entity30 . CONCLUSION: Thus, we could not confirm the results of a previous study reporting an association between the @entity1193 and @entity1356 gene polymorphisms in @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: XXXX : no association between allele combinations of the interleukin (IL) I beta and IL-I receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 ra', 'interleukin-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for adverse outcomes after transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) have not been identified to date. Such information would facilitate preoperative risk stratification and case-mix-adjusted outcome comparison, and lead to the development of processes of care directed at improving outcomes and ultimately the quality of care for @entity150 @entity1 . METHODS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is a prospective quality management initiative of 123 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers nationwide. Since 1991, a total of 21,515 TURBTs have been prospectively registered by the NSQIP; these cases compose the current study population. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors determined the independent association between preoperative @entity1 risk factors and perioperative elements of structure/process and morbidity, mortality, and prolonged length of stay (LOS) outcomes. RESULTS: The postoperative complication, 30-day, and 90-day mortality rates were 4.3%, 1.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. The median, 75th percentile, and 90th percentile for LOS among @entity1 undergoing TURBT was 2 days, 3 days, and 8 days, respectively. Robust preoperative @entity1 risk factors that were found to be uniformly associated with all adverse outcomes included the presence of disseminated disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.9-5.2) @entity353 (OR, 1.8-3.8), low serum @entity2313 (OR, 2.3-7.1), elevated serum @entity1011 (OR, 1.3-2.9), a dependent functional status (OR, 1.5-2.7), and emergent case status (OR, 1.8-3.1). Compared with models using preoperative @entity1 factors alone, models including perioperative structure and process measures explained further variation in surgical outcomes (each likelihood ratio test, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study highlight the fact that there are a wide array of @entity1 risk factors that are associated with adverse outcomes after TURBT. Validation of those processes implemented to modify such elements can provide a basis for quality metrics in the context of TURBT.

title: Risk factors for adverse outcomes after transurethral resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity1152 and/or tracheosophageal (TE) @entity292 were treated from 1972 to 1977. Twenty-eight percent were premature and 24% weighed less than 2.0 kg. Major symptoms included excess salivation (56 @entity1 ), @entity649 (28 @entity1 ), @entity848 (26 @entity1 ), and choking (nine @entity1 ). @entity55 and or @entity891 occurred in 58% and associated anomalies in 68%. Seventy-three of 84 @entity1 (87%) had proximal @entity1152 and distal TE @entity292 (type C defect). Operation was carried out in 79 @entity1 . Gastrostomy was performed in 75 @entity1 , often under local anesthesia with subsequent delayed extrapleural thoractomy (mean, 3.9 days), when the @entity1 's @entity358 was improved. Primary @entity254 was performed in 55 @entity1 , division TE @entity292 and esophagostomy in ten, staged @entity254 in seven, cervical esophagostomy alone in three, division H fistual in two, ligation TE @entity292 alone in one, and gastrostomy alone in one. Complications were frequent, including need for ventilator support in 28 @entity1 , @entity891 in 28, @entity55 in 18, @entity1087 in 13, @entity712 in 11, @entity834 in 10, and stricture in four. Operative mortality was 5% (four of 79). Two deaths followed immediate thoracotomy and two were premature with anomalies. There were eight late deaths 4 to 39 months after operation. Seven had @entity156 . The overall mortality was 15%. Management of high-risk cases by preliminary gastrostomy and delayed extrapleural thoracotomy is associated with improved survival (67 to 79) (85%). Neonatal intensive care, detection of associated anomalies, and long-term follow-up are essential factors in reducing mortality.

title: XXXX and tracheoesophageal fistula: Effect of delayed thoracotomy on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary condition']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['Esophageal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical utility of performing repeat biopsies during @entity1988 flares is questionable and data pointing towards frequent class switches are based on the old WHO classification. This retrospective study investigates the hypothesis that clinically relevant switches from proliferative to @entity75 and vice versa as determined by the new ISN/RPS classification are a rare event and that repeat biopsies are unnecessary in many cases. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity1988 and one or more repeat renal biopsies were included. Eighty-four biopsies were blindly reassessed according to the ISN/RPS classification. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 had one repeat biopsy, 6 @entity1 had two and 4 @entity1 had three repeat biopsies. Forty-nine comparisons between reference and repeat biopsies could be made. In 25 cases (54.3%), there was no shift in ISN/RPS class on repeat biopsies. In 41 instances, paired biopsies showed @entity75 both on reference and repeat biopsies, whereas five of six cases with @entity75 on a reference biopsy switched to @entity75 on a repeat biopsy. Clinically significant class switches during @entity1988 flares were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity75 in their reference biopsy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results show that @entity1 with @entity75 in the original biopsy rarely switch to a pure non-proliferative @entity1310 during a flare. Therefore, a repeat biopsy during a @entity1988 flare is frequently not necessary if @entity75 were found in the reference biopsy. However, in the case of a non-proliferative lesion in the reference biopsy, class switches are frequently found and repeat biopsies are advisable.

title: The clinical relevance of a repeat biopsy in XXXX flares.

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-proliferative lesions', 'proliferative lesions']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity8803 , @entity11739 , and @entity6368 in urethral specimens of 252 @entity1 attending a @entity2953 clinic was studied. When using a selective broth medium containing @entity8801 and @entity802 , Staph. saprophyticus was isolated from 20.8% of 178 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity6369 and from 14.9% of 74 @entity1 without such symptoms. Staph. saprophyticus was found significantly less often in controls (7.1% of 56) than in the @entity1 with symptoms of @entity6369 . In the 35 @entity1 from whom Staph. saprophyticus was recovered more than 10 leucocytes per high power field in urethral smears occurred more often than in those from whom this organism, or either of the other two agents, were not isolated. No differences were found in the symptoms reported by the @entity1 harbouring Staph. saprophyticus or @entity11739 or those with negative cultures. The results of the present study tend to suggest that Staph. saprophyticus is the aetiological agent of some cases of @entity6369 .

title: @entity8803 in the aetiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['nongonococcal urethritis', 'urethritis']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal disease']

entities_list: @entity8801 :: ('MESH:D009675', 'Chemical') :: ['novobiocin']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis', 'Chlamydia trachomatis']

answer: @entity6369 :: (MESH:D014526,Disease) :: ['nongonococcal urethritis']


abstract: This study seeks to define the role of pretreatment of evaluation of @entity5 growth fraction in cervical @entity5 and its relationship to the clinical course of the disease. In addition, it also seeks to explain whether cell kinetics and growth factor expression have an association with @entity5 response to radiotherapy and hence could be of value in the management of @entity1 . All pre-treatment biopsies were analysed for the @entity5 -proliferative compartment by evaluation of Ki67 antigen expression and argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) counts. Growth factor analysis was done by analysing for expression of @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity21222 ( @entity7790 , @entity2533 ). A total of 152 @entity1 were evaluated and a correlation obtained between pre-treatment status of the @entity5 -growth-fraction-associated markers and clinical outcome following radiotherapy. Such @entity1 were either disease-free (group 1, n=106) or with residual/recurrent disease (group 2, n=46) at a 16-month follow-up. Pre-treatment analysis of AgNOR significantly correlated to disease status after treatment (r=-0.517, P=0.0000). This may be due to an effect of cell proliferation. Lower AgNOR counts were significantly associated with @entity5 , suggesting that increased proliferative activity may be a positive prognostic indicator. Similar results were also obtained for the other proliferation-associated marker Ki67 (r=-0.443, P=0.0000). Expression of @entity4179 and @entity470 also showed significant pre-treatment correlations with the final disease outcome (r=0.248, P=0.031 and r=0.503, P=0.0000 respectively). Both these markers were expressed more by @entity1 belonging to group 2. The opposite was the case for @entity7790 , where @entity1 belonging to group 1 showed higher values (r=0.417, P=0.0001). The other growth factor investigated, @entity2533 , also showed a conspicuous differential expression in the two groups of @entity1 (r=-0.604, P=0.0000). Group 1 @entity1 showed mostly mild to moderate expression while most group 2 @entity1 were negative for the growth factor. It therefore appears that @entity5 with high AgNOR counts and Ki67 index, along with expression of the two types of transforming growth factor (alpha and beta), responded better to radiotherapy.

title: Tumour-proliferative fraction and growth factor expression as markers of XXXX response to radiotherapy in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'recurrent/residual tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGF-R']

entities_list: @entity21222 :: ('7039;7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factors alpha and beta']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Macrophages are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of @entity16 . The contribution of resident endoneurial macrophages is unknown since their differentiation from infiltrating macrophages is difficult due to missing cellular markers. Previous studies demonstrated the participation of resident macrophages in @entity6441 and the pathogenesis of @entity16 . The question arises whether resident macrophages are involved in experimental autoimmune @entity5013 (EAN) where they could contribute to immunosurveillance and antigen presentation. To address this question we used bone marrow chimeric @entity35 , allowing the differentiation between resident and hematogenous cells. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were applied on to identify and characterize resident macrophages in terms of morphological features, expression of activation markers, proliferation, phagocytosis, and MHC-II expression. Endoneurial macrophages of resident origin were detectable at all stages of disease with a contribution of at least 27% of the total macrophages. They appeared activated by morphological and immunohistochemical criteria and proliferated early. MHC-II-positive resident macrophages were observed that had phagocytosed myelin. These results demonstrate that the macrophage response in EAN is partly of intrinsic origin. The rapid activation and proliferation of resident endoneurial macrophages points toward an active role of these cells in inflammatory @entity1897 , especially early in disease.

title: Contribution of resident endoneurial macrophages to the local cellular response in experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neuropathies', 'inflammatory neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve disease']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: General anesthesia (GA) for @entity64 may be associated with inferior functional outcomes. Our goal was to identify physiologic parameters that mediate this association. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 treated at our institution between August 2007 and December 2010 were identified from a prospective database. Clinical data were then extracted by retrospective chart review. Variables significantly associated with outcome in univariate analysis were also examined in multivariate analysis, controlling for well-established prespecified predictors of functional outcome. RESULTS: Of the 106 @entity1 identified, 20 were excluded (17 due to the absence of 90-day mRS and 3 due to insufficient anesthetic records). Blood pressure (BP) decreased significantly after induction of GA, but there was no association between BP and outcome. End tidal @entity544 values (ETCO2) at 60 and 90 min, however, were significantly associated with outcomes in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Mean ETCO2 in @entity1 with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-3) was higher than in those with unfavorable outcomes (mRS 4-6): 35.2 mmHg versus 32.2 (p = 0.03) at 60 min and 34.9 versus 31.9 (p = 0.04) at 90 min. The adjusted odds ratios for poor outcomes for each 1 mmHg decrease in ETCO2 were the same: 0.76 (95 % CI 0.65-0.92; p = 0.004) at 60 min and 0.76 (95 % CI 0.61-0.93; p = 0.01) at 90 min. CONCLUSIONS: While BP decreased significantly in @entity1 undergoing GA for @entity64 , it did not correlate with @entity1 outcome. Decreases in ETCO2 at 30 and 60 min, however, were associated with 90-day mRS.

title: Association of intraprocedural blood pressure and end tidal @entity544 with outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke interventions', 'acute stroke intervention']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke intervention']


abstract: In order to assess the effectiveness of sairei-to on @entity3450 and to elucidate its mechanism of action, we made a @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) @entity35 model by a single intra-peritoneal injection of @entity7540 at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and compared it to the normal controls. Sairei-to was administered in various doses (100,200,500 mg/kg B.W.) orally for 8 days after the initial injection of @entity7540 . @entity644 and serum @entity412 levels were significantly reduced in the sairei-to-treated groups showed a morphological improvement in the kidney over the @entity7540 group. We found 500 mg/kg B.W. of sairei-to to be the most effective dose. The @entity224 dismutase (SOD)-like activity was significantly elevated in the serum but not changed in the urine of sairei-to-treated groups pretreated with @entity7540 . The normal control fed with 500 mg/kg B.W. of sairei-to showed a significant increase in serum SOD-like activity. The urinary prostanoid levels in the @entity7540 group were lower than those in the normal and sairei-to-treated groups. These results support our hypothesis that sairei-to has effects on the elevation of SOD-like activity and on the synthesis of prostanoid in @entity7540 -induced @entity3450 , and that these effects are responsible for the mechanism of action of sairei-to.

title: Studies on the effectiveness of sairei-to on XXXX @entity3450 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8424 :: (MESH:D011692,Chemical) :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 / @entity5815 (CFS/ME) is an illness associated with high levels of physical and @entity73 over a prolonged period of time. Recovery from CFS/ME can be interspersed with relapses. Further, the legitimacy of the illness continues to be questioned within and beyond the health profession. AIM: This paper examines the reconstruction of self-identity for those experiencing CFS/ME. METHOD: This longitudinal qualitative study involved up to three in-depth interviews with 17 @entity1 with CFS/ME and family members. RESULTS: A trajectory that describes transitions in identity over time and the range of elements that influence these is proposed. During the acute phase of illness, characterised by total debility, @entity1 adopted the traditional sick role. The medium term phase highlighted movement between disability as part of the total self, total debility, and/or the adoption of a supernormal identity. The longer-term phase was defined for the majority of @entity1 as the positive reconstruction of self. Identity was contingent with positive and negative experiences and responses co-existing with the potential to 'tip' the balance and perceived identity. In the longer term @entity1 's identity became more static with the development of coping strategies to maintain this. The trajectory can be described as pendular and movement between each type of identity was possible during all phases of the illness experience depending on the nature and impact of the illness and responses given to these. The proposed trajectory represents a dynamic model of identity reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Understanding the @entity1 ' experience and recognising that different stages may exist is important for health professionals. This awareness can enhance shared understanding and opportunities to work with @entity1 in negotiating the impact of illness.

title: Toward a trajectory of identity reconstruction in XXXX / @entity5815 : a longitudinal qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disability']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['myalgic encephalomyelitis', 'Chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 predisposes individuals to @entity418 , which develops from intermediate stages of tissue @entity1141 primarily in the vicinity of the gastroesophageal junction. Understanding the cellular and molecular events in the progression of @entity355 to @entity420 may contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment. Mutation and overexpression of the @entity5 suppressor @entity876 have previously been observed in Barrett high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 . The expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CdK) inhibitor @entity994 can be up-regulated by @entity876 , resulting in the down-regulation of cell division at the G(1)/S-phase transition. The current study examined the correlation between the expression of @entity994 and @entity876 by quantifying their levels during the progression of @entity1141 and @entity420 in Barrett esophageal tissues. METHODS: Barrett esophageal tissue samples that were negative or indefinite for @entity1141 , contained @entity1141 , and contained @entity420 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Paraffin embedded sections of lining and glandular epithelia were adsorbed with primary murine antibodies against @entity1 @entity994 or @entity876 followed by horseradish peroxidase secondary antibody. An immunoreactivity score for each primary antibody and section was obtained by multiplying a staining intensity factor by the percent of positively stained cells. RESULTS: Nuclear @entity994 expression was detectable immunohistochemically in @entity355 that was negative for @entity1141 , but it was significantly elevated (P </= 0.05) in tissues scored as indefinite for @entity1141 , positive for low grade or high grade @entity1141 , and positive for @entity420 . Importantly, @entity876 expression did not parallel @entity994 expression. @entity876 levels were low in the early stages of @entity355 and were increased in high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 . There were no differences in @entity994 or @entity876 levels between glandular and lining epithelia in Barrett tissue throughout the histologic stages of neoplastic progression evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity994 expression in Barrett tissue scored as indefinite for @entity1141 or low grade @entity1141 was significantly elevated relative to @entity876 expression. Elevated levels of @entity994 were also observed in high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 , in which they do not appear to be effective in down-regulating cell division. Analysis of @entity994 and @entity876 expression may aid in the evaluation of tissue abnormalities in @entity355 .

title: Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) and @entity876 XXXX suppressor in dysplastic progression and @entity420 in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus', 'Barrett dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity12042 shows symptoms of @entity8 due to the deposition of amyloid protein in the kidney. Recently, it was reported that apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity6 and @entity195 of which @entity527 is seen in the tissue. We investigated whether or not apoptosis and related factors are observed in @entity12042 . In situ nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed in seven autopsied renal tissues with primary and secondary @entity2783 and 10 autopsied renal tissues without @entity8 as the control. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in both the @entity8 with @entity2783 than in the control. Electron microscopic analysis was performed on one biopsied renal tissue with @entity2783 and six biopsied renal tissues with @entity854 as the control. Typical apoptotic cells were observed only in the former. @entity589 product, an inducer of apoptosis, and @entity588 protein, an inhibitor of apoptosis, were examined immunohistochemically in the seven autopsied renal tissues with @entity2783 and 10 autopsied control tissues. @entity589 was overexpressed in the tubulus and glomeruli of subjects with @entity12042 , compared to the normal controls. However, @entity588 protein was not detected in the glomeruli in any of the subjects examined. These results indicate that apoptotic cells are increased in number in @entity12042 and @entity589 overexpression may play an important role in this increase.

title: [Participation of apoptosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruli and tubulus of the kidney', 'renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['Renal amyloidosis', 'renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type-2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['minor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity12042 :: (MESH:C538249,Disease) :: ['renal amyloidosis']


abstract: The blood esterase that mediates the metabolism of @entity34374 , an ultra short-acting beta blocker, was characterized. Esterase activity occurred in plasma of @entity1 , @entity235 , @entity35 , and @entity840 and not in erythrocytes of the same species. The esterase activity was greatest in @entity1 and @entity840 followed by @entity235 and @entity35 . Purified human serum cholinesterase was very active against @entity34374 while human serum albumin was slightly active. @entity1 and @entity291 erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterases, electric eel acetylcholinesterase, @entity1 hemoglobin, @entity235 , @entity35 , @entity1573 , and bovine serum albumin were all inactive. Esterase activity with @entity34374 was inhibited in @entity1 , @entity235 , and @entity35 blood by @entity12864 , @entity2607 , and @entity3163 . @entity840 blood esterase activity was inhibited by @entity12864 and @entity3163 , but not by @entity2607 . Metabolic interaction studies indicated that @entity2900 , @entity8162 , and @entity4487 interfere with the metabolism of @entity34374 in @entity1 blood. Succinylcholine prolonged the in vitro half-life of @entity34374 in @entity235 blood, but @entity934 , @entity8162 , and @entity4487 had no effect. @entity34374 did not affect the metabolism of @entity8162 or @entity4487 in @entity1 and @entity235 blood. The metabolism rate of @entity34374 decreased in individuals with atypical, @entity1388 -resistant and silent forms of serum cholinesterase.

title: Biochemical characterization of XXXX esterase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity34374 :: ('MESH:C047847', 'Chemical') :: ['Flestolol', 'flestolol']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'Guinea pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprocaine']

entities_list: @entity12864 :: ('CHEBI:4753', 'Chemical') :: ['echothiophate']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity34374 :: (MESH:C047847,Chemical) :: ['flestolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1729 are the most common illness in childhood, and caregivers often make an excessive use of medication and medical consultations. It is vital to design and implement educational interventions in order to minimize the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a @entity283 ( @entity283 ) about @entity1729 on the indicators of individual health and health care utilization of day-care @entity1 . METHODS: Randomized controlled trial in 10 day-care centres in Porto, including caregivers (parents or legal tutors) of @entity1 under 3 years of age. @entity1 's caregivers were randomly distributed into an Intervention Group (IG), who attended a @entity283 , and a Comparison Group (CG). @entity1 's indicators of individual health and health care utilization were evaluated in both groups, during the month after @entity283 . RESULTS: @entity1 whose caregivers attended to the @entity283 had fewer @entity1729 (IG = 5.8%; CG = 19.0%; P = 0.050) and fewer @entity697 (IG = 9.5%; CG = 27.0%; P = 0.030), as well as fewer medical consultations (IG = 38.5% versus CG = 61.9%; P = 0.015) and less antibiotic consumption (IG = 11.5% versus CG = 29.5%; P = 0.022). They were also less absent from day care (IG = 21 days versus CG = 59 days; P = 0.037) and their caregivers were less absent from work (IG = 15 days versus CG = 44 days; P = 0.046). Caregivers who attended @entity283 made more use of nasal irrigation (IG = 79.6% versus CG = 53.3%; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity283 about @entity1729 has positively influenced the indicators of individual health and health care utilization of @entity1 attending day-care centres in Porto.

title: Impact of caregivers' education regarding XXXX on the health status of day-care @entity1 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health education session', 'HES']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: Thrombocytes, functional analog to @entity1 platelets, have been described as the primary circulating phagocyte in @entity1573 blood when challenged with bacteria (Chang and Hamilton, 1979). In order to determine if the phagocytic capacity could be extended to protozoa, interaction of @entity1573 thrombocytes with tachyzoites of @entity3204 and bloodstream trypomastigotes of @entity1527 was performed. Interaction with @entity794 and @entity526 was also performed using fluoresceinated and living bacteria, to be examined by fluorescence microscopy (after @entity5611 staining) and transmission electron microscopy (after @entity3739 red fixation). Using these approaches it was possible to distinguish internalized from attached bacteria. @entity1527 was only found attached to the thrombocyte surface while @entity3204 could be observed within the cell. To determine if @entity3204 invasion was active or by phagocytosis, interaction was performed under conditions where active penetration and phagocytosis were inhibited by previous fixation of the parasites or treatment of thrombocytes with cytochalasin D, respectively. Interactions with fixed @entity3204 showed only attached parasites. Cytochalasin D treated thrombocytes could still be found with internalized @entity3204 . By fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy it was possible to observe a small number of bacteria internalized by thrombocytes. These findings show that @entity3204 invade thrombocytes through an active penetration process and these blood cells cannot be considered as the primary circulating phagocyte in @entity1573 .

title: Further studies on the phagocytic capacity of XXXX thrombocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity521 is the most common extracranial solid @entity5 in @entity1 under the age of 5 years and, after @entity981 , is the second most prevalent @entity5 in childhood. Acute urinary retention is rare in @entity1 , especially due to a @entity521 . OBJECTIVES: To present the potential complications of a @entity530 . CASE REPORT: A 9-month-old @entity1 presented with urinary retention that had been attributed in the past to the @entity1 's chronic @entity1142 . She was catheterized and a large residual of urine was obtained; she was discharged home. She returned the following day with the same complaint. Plain radiographs suggested a soft tissue density in the pelvic region with no evidence of @entity1142 . Rectal examination revealed a mass, and a computed tomography scan showed a large, solid mass. Pathological examination confirmed a @entity530 , which was resected. CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of acute urinary retention are @entity293 , lower urinary stones, neurologic processes, @entity130 , and @entity1142 . A detailed and focused history and physical examination can be very helpful in diagnosing a pathological cause of urinary retention, such as a @entity530 .

title: XXXX causing acute urinary retention: a rare presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: It was previously reported that @entity37478 (PRL)-containing cells differentiate by days 15 to 19 of embryonic development and that vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity38615 ) increased plasma PRL concentrations and pituitary PRL protein and mRNA levels in vivo. In the present study, anterior @entity4611 derived from day 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 embryos were subjected to reverse hemolytic plaque assays (RHPA) for @entity1573 PRL to determine the ontogeny of lactotrophs. We found that PRL secreting cells were first consistently detected on day 17 of embryonic development, indicating that lactotroph differentiation during normal development occurs by this age. However, extended treatment in the RHPA with @entity38615 exposed lactotrophs as early as day 15, suggesting that a lactotroph precursor population was present earlier. Next, primary cultures of embryonic anterior pituitary cells from day 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 embryos were incubated for 0, 2, or 4 days in serum-free medium or medium supplemented with 10 nM @entity38615 . After the culture periods, cells were subjected to RHPAs for @entity1573 PRL. PRL-secreting cells differentiated spontaneously by 2 days in culture for day 15 and 16 cells and by 4 days in culture for all embryonic ages tested, except day 17. Culturing with @entity38615 for 2 days did not increase PRL-secreting cells at any embryonic age tested, whereas @entity38615 treatment for 4 days increased lactotroph numbers at all ages except day 12. Cells from days 15, 16, and 17 were responsive to @entity38615 in the RHPA after 2 days in untreated cultures, but after 4 days only day 17 cells continued to respond to @entity38615 in the RHPA. Treatment with @entity38615 in culture for 4 days maintained @entity38615 responsiveness in the RHPA for cells derived from embryos as early as day 14. We conclude that lactotroph differentiation during normal @entity1573 development occurs by embryonic day 17. Moreover, our results indicate that responsiveness to @entity38615 is an early event in PRL cell development and that lactotroph differentiation may be stimulated in vitro by @entity38615 as early as embryonic day 13.

title: Ontogeny of @entity37478 -secreting cells during XXXX embryonic development: effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide.

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is prevalent in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , but the influence of @entity27 on @entity2412 is not clear. We aimed to investigate the association of @entity27 with chronic @entity2412 in Chinese @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 880 hospitalized @entity1 were enrolled in a multicenter, cross-sectional study that involved 12 hospitals from six cities in the @entity1 's Republic of China. Overnight sleep monitoring with a portable monitor was used to record respiratory parameters, including the @entity27 index (AHI), the @entity26 desaturation index (ODI), the @entity26 saturation (SPO2), and the cumulative time of SPO2 below 90% or 85% (CT90% and CT85%, respectively). @entity2412 were recorded from medical charts. RESULTS: CT90% was independently associated with @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) after adjusting for age, sex, @entity6 duration, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, @entity101 , and the use of @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker drugs within 1 week. The associated parameters increased from two (the average SPO2 and CT90%) to three (ODI, the lowest SPO2, and CT85%) when the severity of @entity2316 increased from microalbuminuria to @entity177 . The estimated glomerular filtration rate was independently correlated with ODI (b   =   -0.172, P   =   0.029) and the lowest SPO2 (b   =   0.354, P   =   0.004) after adjustments. The lowest SPO2 was associated with proliferative @entity6 by univariate logistic regression but was not significant in multivariate regression after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Parameters of nocturnal @entity519 are associated with @entity2316 and renal function of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The parameters of @entity519 may more sensitively reflect the association of @entity27 and @entity2412 than AHI.

title: Association of @entity2412 and Parameters of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications', 'Chronic diabetes complications', 'diabetic microvascular complications']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: 257 @entity1 suffering from @entity5 (stage I and II according to FIGO classification) were included in this retrospective study. All of them underwent radical surgery between 1978 and 1987, including pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition to conventional follow-up procedures, isotope nephrograms (ING) were performed as a routine measure. ING curves reflect renal function and serve as a highly sensitive qualitative parameter of urine flow. It may therefore be used as indirect indicator of pathologic changes in the small pelvis, such as recurrent disease. Follow-up period was between 3 and 10 years. Chi-square test was used to determine the probability of correlation between the evidence of pathologic ING-curves (yes/no) and a) lymph node status (pos/neg), b) @entity1 , who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (yes/no), or c) @entity1 , who revealed recurrent disease (yes, no). All of the subgroups showed significant positive correlation. Pathological ING curves appeared a) in 61% of @entity1 having a positive lymph node status (n = 66, p = 0.001), in 88% of @entity1 , who developed recurrent disease (n = 56, p = 0.001) and in 44% of @entity1 , who received adjuvant irradiation therapy (n = 131, p = 0.05). The high degree of sensitivity of ING concerning urinary tract obstruction seems to justify the routine use of this method in the follow-up of these @entity1 . It should help to identify @entity8 in good time.

title: [Isotope nephrogram in follow-up of radically operated cervix XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20312 chemicals are leading causes of @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 243 workers exposed to @entity5590 ( @entity13521 ) in a @entity4774 mold plant that had been designed to minimize @entity13521 exposure (levels were maintained below 0.005 ppm and were continuously monitored). All @entity1 were screened by questionnaire and tests for serum antibodies to @entity13521 -human serum albumin (HSA). On the basis of questionnaire responses, diagnoses were derived that included @entity7446 ; non- @entity7446 ; work-related and non-work-related @entity2490 ; and lower respiratory irritant responses. Serial peak expiratory flow rate studies were performed for 2 weeks in 43 workers with and in 23 workers without lower respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Results of serial peak expiratory flow rate studies were abnormal in 3 (33%) of 9 workers with @entity7446 , in 2 (50%) of 4 with non- @entity7446 , and in 2 (9%) of 23 case control subjects. A significant association was found between peak flow rate variability and a questionnaire @entity565 diagnosis (chi 2 p < 0.002). Physicians confirmed three cases of @entity7446 , one of which occurred in a control worker who was free of symptoms. In all three cases @entity565 symptoms remitted after the worker left the workplace. Serum specific IgE and IgG levels were elevated in 2 of 243 workers, one of whom was prick test positive to @entity13521 -HSA and had had cutaneous anaphylaxis after @entity13521 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these cases, specific work activities associated with exposure to @entity13521 were identified and corrective measures were instituted. Strict control and monitoring of ambient @entity13521 exposure was associated with a low prevalence of specific sensitization to @entity13521 and a lower than expected prevalence of @entity7446 .

title: The low prevalence of @entity7446 and antibody-dependent sensitization to XXXX in a plant engineered for minimal exposure to @entity20312 .

entities_list: @entity5590 :: ('MESH:C005969', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylmethane diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity20312 :: ('CHEBI:53213', 'Chemical') :: ['Diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'occupational asthma']

answer: @entity5590 :: (MESH:C005969,Chemical) :: ['diphenylmethane diisocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Use of protective stents may not be effective in coil embolization of wide-neck @entity439 involving the posterior communicating artery. Successful implementation depends on the caliber of the vessel, its angle of origin, and the manner in which its orifice is incorporated into the @entity439 . Presented here are the results (clinical and radiographic) of coil embolization in @entity438 , variably aided by stents. The primary focus is angiographic configurations that impact stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a prospective data repository, we retrieved records of 32 consecutive @entity1 with 33 posterior communicating @entity438 , all of which were treated by stent-assisted coil embolization between June 2008 and August 2012. Outcomes were analyzed in terms of @entity439 and clinical status. RESULTS: Stents were positioned entirely in the ICA (n = 26), from the ICA to the posterior communicating artery (n = 2), in the posterior communicating artery only (n = 3), and retrograde from the posterior communicating artery to the @entity6455 terminus (n = 2). Procedure-related complications occurred in 3 @entity1 (9.1%), but only 1 (3.0%) had mild neurologic sequelae (Glasgow Outcome Score 4). Using coil embolization, we achieved successful occlusion in 24 @entity439 (72.7%), and in 9 others, @entity432 was conferred. During a mean follow-up of 15.7    10.7 months, imaging of 27 @entity439 documented stable occlusion in 19 (70.4%), whereas angiography of 15 @entity439 (39.5%) disclosed 2 instances of in-stent @entity850 (13.3%) and a solitary occurrence of stent migration (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In posterior communicating @entity438 , stent protection during coil embolization is feasible by adjusting the procedural strategy to accommodate differing configurations of the @entity439 and its vascular source.

title: Stent-assisted coil embolization of posterior communicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm configuration', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the ICA-posterior communicating artery junction', 'artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and molecular genetic studies of @entity1 with @entity6391 associated with a mutation in the @entity45305 gene. DESIGN: Results of molecular genetic screening and case reports with DNA analysis and clinical features. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : One hundred twenty anamnestically unrelated @entity1 with @entity6391 . METHODS: DNA analysis was performed by single strand conformation polymorphism followed by @entity4334 sequencing to search for a mutation in exon 11 of the arrestin gene. Clinical features were characterized by visual acuity slitlamp biomicroscopy, fundus examinations, @entity941 angiography, kinetic visual field testing, and electroretinography. RESULTS: We identified 3 unrelated @entity1 with @entity6391 associated with a homozygous 1-base-pair deletion mutation in codon 309 of the arrestin gene designated as @entity45306 . All 3 @entity1 showed @entity2000 with or without macular involvement. @entity1 1 had a sibling with @entity39489 associated with the same mutation. @entity1 2 demonstrated @entity2000 associated with a golden-yellow reflex in the peripheral fundus. @entity1 1 and 3 showed features of @entity6391 without the golden-yellow fundus reflex. CONCLUSIONS: Although the arrestin @entity45306 has been known as a frequent cause of @entity39489 , this mutation also may be related to the pathogenesis of @entity6391 . This phenomenon may provide evidence of variable expressivity of the mutation in the arrestin gene.

title: Arrestin gene mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary retinal degeneration in the midperipheral area', 'pigmentary retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity39489 :: ('MESH:C537743', 'Disease') :: ['Oguchi disease']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: The effect of @entity49564 on @entity1223 (CO)-induced @entity2730 were investigated. A step-down type passive avoidance task with @entity19 was used to compare the effects of @entity49564 with those of @entity2445 . Two types of CO-induced @entity2730 model, acute and delayed models, were used. The acute @entity2730 model was developed using @entity19 exposed to CO before memory consolidation, just after training, and a retention test carried out 24 h after training. The delayed @entity2730 model was prepared 7 days after CO exposure even when the animals were exposed to CO 4 h after training, after memory had consolidated. @entity49564 administered post-training at 0.03-0.3 and 3 mg/kg or pre-retention test (24 h after training) at 0.3 and 10 mg/kg attenuated the acute @entity2730 . In addition, @entity49564 (0.03, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and @entity2445 (0.03, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) administered before the retention test (7 days after CO exposure) improved retrieval in the delayed @entity2730 model. @entity2445 (0.01-0.3 and 3 mg/kg), administered post-training, attenuated the acute @entity2730 but pre-retention test administration did not. The dose-response curves for @entity49564 and @entity2445 were biphasic bell-shaped. These results indicated that @entity49564 has an improving effect on @entity519 -induced acute and delayed @entity73 , and suggest that @entity49564 has promise as a nootropic drug for therapy of @entity2414 in @entity1 with @entity1504 .

title: Effects of @entity49564 on CO-induced impairment of passive avoidance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular-type dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: To identify luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was produced by immunization of Balb/c @entity19 with @entity35 luteal cell membranes. Hybridomas, produced by a method for proteins of low antigenicity, were selected by competition with [125I]- @entity3566 (LH) for luteal membrane binding. Conditions for analysis of @entity7813 antibody (IgG2b isotype) binding by immunohistochemistry with an avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex were examined and results compared to localization of bound @entity3566 , to detect receptors. By light microscopy, both bound @entity3566 and the @entity7813 antibody were located on luteal cell surfaces. In addition, the @entity7813 antibody was associated with luteal cell cytoplasm. Cell surface membrane binding, but not cytoplasmic staining, was reduced in ovaries from @entity35 injected with @entity3566 . By electron microscopy, @entity7813 antibody was observed in patches on luteal cell surface membranes and was associated with polysomes, small vesicles, and occasionally with discrete areas of endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, detection of LH receptors with bound @entity3566 may be limited to receptors found on cell surfaces, while additional LH receptors are revealed by use of a receptor antibody. The cytoplasmic @entity7813 may represent stages in the processing of receptor protein. Furthermore, the methodology used in this study should be generally useful for immunohistochemistry with other MAb to receptors.

title: Comparison of monoclonal XXXX antibody and LH binding sites in vibratome sections of @entity35 ovary by immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity7813 :: (25477(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive, fatal @entity179 . Since no diagnostic laboratory test exists, the identification of specific biomarkers could be fundamental in clinical practice. microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered promising biomarkers for @entity179 . The aim of the study was to identify a CSF miRNA set that could differentiate @entity746 from non- @entity746 condition. miRNA profiling in CSF from @entity746 @entity1 (n  =  24; eight with @entity3301 expansion) and unaffected control subjects (n  =  24) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR identified fourteen deregulated miRNAs. Validation experiments confirmed eight miRNAs as significantly deregulated in @entity746 . No significant differences were observed between @entity746 @entity1 with or without @entity3301 expansion. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed the highest diagnostic accuracy for the upregulated miR181a-5p and the downregulated @entity29087 and @entity27437 -5p. The miR181a-5p/ @entity29087 and miR181a-5p/ @entity27437 -5p ratios detected @entity746 with 90 and 85  % sensitivity and 87 and 91  % specificity, respectively, confirming the application potential as disease biomarkers. These deregulated miRNAs are implicated in apoptotic way and provide insight into processes responsible for motor @entity528 .

title: Identification of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We report the development of an intracellular recording technique for adult @entity19 motoneurons in sacral spinal cord. Based on a similar preparation for adult @entity35 , we modified the cord preparation solution and filled the sharp electrode with a solution that has physiological osmolarity and pH. The viability of the preparation was examined by recording root reflexes. Short-latency reflexes mediated through monosynaptic transmission between S1 and S3 ventral root were reliably produced by dorsal root electrical stimuli and were stably recorded for more than eight hours. Long-lasting potentiation of the root reflex was observed by bath application of @entity7202 , a noradrenergic alpha1 receptor agonist. Bath application of @entity1026 and picrotoxin, antagonists for @entity2228 and @entity1246 (A) receptors respectively, unmasked long-lasting reflexes that may contain polysynaptic components. In addition, on the background of @entity1026 and @entity5094 , adding @entity7202 induced spontaneous ventral root activity. For intracellular recording, the motoneurons could be reliably penetrated and held for up to 30 min. In all 16 motoneurons recorded, resting membrane potential, input resistance, action potentials and repetitive firing were comparable to those of @entity35 motoneurons. Thus, this preparation is viable and provides a new method for combined electrophysiological and genetic studies of the adult @entity19 spinal cord.

title: In vitro sacral cord preparation and motoneuron recording from adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The roles of autophagy in @entity788 are complex and may differ depending on @entity5 type or context. This study aimed to investigate if aloe polysaccharide can be used as a radio-sensitizing chemical to induce autophagy in @entity788 cells. @entity3123 BxPC-3 cells were divided into four groups: A control group, an aloe polysaccharide only group, a radiation only group and a radiation combined with aloe polysaccharide group (combination group). Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultra structural changes of autophagosomes in each cell group. The mRNA expressions of @entity10621 , @entity19669 , @entity8783 , and @entity588 were detected by real-time PCR. Autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes were observed in all experimental groups except the control group. Compared with the control group, @entity10621 mRNA expression was up-regulated and @entity8783 and @entity588 mRNA expression were down-regulated in all groups (P<0.05); changes in expression were most obvious in the combination group (P<0.05). @entity19669 mRNA expression was up-regulated in the combination group (P<0.05), but had no significant changes among other groups. In brief, aloe polysaccharide induces autophagy in @entity3123 BxPC-3 cells both alone and in concert with radiation. Autophagic cell death may be one of the mechanisms producing a radiosensitizing effect.

title: Radio sensitizing effect of aloe polysaccharide on XXXX bxpc-3 cells.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma', 'Pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted for cough and @entity1353 . Bronchofiberscopy examination revealed @entity2 at the right main bronchus. Plain chest X-ray and chest CT revealed that the @entity5 had invaded to the mediastinum and esophagography demonstrated stenosis of the @entity1514 esophagus without @entity292 . Because pulmonary resection was contraindicated, chemotherapy for @entity2 was initiated. Complete response was noted, but an @entity456 developed as a consequence of chemotherapy. After intrathoracic tube drainage, a permanent endoesophageal tube was inserted through a small incision in the stomach under general anesthesia. However, it migrated into the @entity1514 @entity3509 after 4-postoperative days. Because the @entity2 was well-controlled, a second operation to reconstruct the esophagus was performed without resection of the @entity1514 esophagus or @entity292 . After the operation, @entity1514 @entity3509 was washed out with @entity4279 and pure @entity167 . The chest tube was removed 3 months after the second operation. We conclude that in cases of @entity456 caused by chemotherapy for @entity2 , if complete response to chemotherapy is noted, reconstruction of the esophagus should be considered.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity456 caused by chemotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['esophago-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are a good alternative to multipotent stem cells for regenerative medicine. Low tidal volume (LVT) has proved to be an effective ventilation strategy. However, it is not known if ADSCs and LVT can protect against @entity21712 ( @entity21712 ). This study was aimed to determine the potential of ADSCs and LVT to repair following @entity21712 and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this section. METHODS: A total of 72 @entity35 were randomly assigned into group I (sham group, n=18), group II (1 h of high tidal volume-ventilated ( @entity2489 ) 40 mL/kg to peak airway pressures of approximately 35 cm @entity4358 and 100% @entity26 , n=18), group III (1 h of @entity2489 followed by 6 h LVT 6 mL/kg to peak airway pressures of approximately 6 cm @entity4358 and 100% @entity26 , n=18) and group IV (1 h of @entity2489 followed by intravenous injection of 5   *   106 ADSCs, n=18). All animals were sacrificed 7 after the experiments lasted for 7 hours. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lungs were harvested for analysis. RESULTS: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) @entity35 exhibited typical @entity21712 features compared with sham @entity35 . Lung @entity4 , @entity651 index, concentrations of total protein, total cell counts, number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , @entity13358 and transforming growth factor-b1 in BALF were significantly increased in @entity2489 @entity35 . Additionally, gene and protein levels of @entity4024 + channel subunits, @entity4024 - @entity3529 -ATPase pump activity and alveolar fluid clearance were significantly decreased in @entity2489 @entity35 . All these indices of @entity21712 were significantly improved in @entity35 treated with ADSCs. However, compared with ADSCs treatment, LVT strategy had little therapeutic effect in the present study. CONCLUSION: These results may provide valuable insights into the effects of ADSCs in @entity647 .

title: Autologous transplantation of adipose-derived stromal cells ameliorates @entity21712 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21712 :: ('MESH:D055397', 'Disease') :: ['VILI', 'ventilator-induced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['histological lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['HVT', 'High tidal volume-ventilated']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The @entity2339 plays a crucial role in the control of the energy balance and also retains neurogenic potential into adulthood. Recent studies have reported the severe alteration of the cell turn-over in the @entity2339 of @entity28 animals and it has been proposed that a @entity2057 in the @entity2339 could be involved in the development of @entity28 . To explore this possibility, we examined hypothalamic cell renewal during the homeostatic response to dietary fat in @entity19 , i.e., at the onset of diet-induced @entity28 . We found that switching to high-fat diet (HFD) accelerated cell renewal in the @entity2339 through a local, rapid and transient increase in cell proliferation, peaking three days after introducing the HFD. Blocking HFD-induced cell proliferation by central delivery of an antimitotic drug prevented the food intake normalization observed after HFD introduction and accelerated the onset of @entity28 . This result showed that HFD-induced dividing brain cells supported an adaptive anorectic function. In addition, we found that the percentage of newly generated neurons adopting a POMC-phenotype in the arcuate nucleus was increased by HFD. This observation suggested that the maturation of neurons in feeding circuits was nutritionally regulated to adjust future energy intake. Taken together, these results showed that adult cerebral cell renewal was remarkably responsive to nutritional conditions. This constituted a physiological trait required to prevent severe @entity1017 under HFD. Hence this report highlighted the amazing plasticity of feeding circuits and brought new insights into our understanding of the nutritional regulation of the energy balance.

title: Cerebral cell renewal in adult XXXX controls the onset of @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The role of cytosolic free @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) in @entity130 was investigated in @entity35 proximal tubules. [ @entity141 ]i was measured using @entity593 and cell injury was estimated with @entity2667 (PI) in individual tubules using video imaging fluorescence microscopy. [ @entity141 ]i increased from approximately 170 to approximately 390 nM during 5 min of @entity519 . This increase preceded detectable cell injury as assessed by PI and was reversible with reoxygenation. @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ; 100 microM) reduced [ @entity141 ]i under basal conditions (approximately 80 nM) and during @entity519 (approximately 120 nM) and significantly attenuated @entity130 . When [ @entity141 ]i and @entity131 were studied concurrently in the same individual tubules, the 10 min [ @entity141 ]i rise correlated significantly with subsequent cell damage observed at 20 min. 2 mM @entity2228 did not block the rise in [ @entity141 ]i, yet protected the tubules from @entity130 . These results indicate that in @entity35 proximal tubules, @entity519 induces an increase of [ @entity141 ]i which occurs before cell damage. The protective effect of BAPTA supports a role for [ @entity141 ]i in the initiation of @entity519 proximal @entity130 . The @entity2228 results, however, implicate @entity460 -independent mechanisms of injury and/or blockade of @entity460 -mediated processes of injury such as activation of phospholipases or proteases.

title: Evidence for role of cytosolic free XXXX in @entity519 -induced proximal @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic cell injury']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tubule injury', 'hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity7390 of the skin and well-differentiated @entity957 are two cutaneous @entity5 that most often occur in sun-exposed sites of light-skinned @entity1 . It is often difficult to distinguish these two from each other either clinically or histologically. The view that these two cutaneous @entity5 are part of the same disease entity is not new. We reviewed 150 @entity1 with these two diseases in an effort to see whether any specific criteria for diagnosis and treatment could be achieved. It is our hypothesis that they are not separate diseases but within the spectrum of the same disease. @entity7390 may be some sort of @entity5 or hyperplastic @entity75 within the @entity957 spectrum. The incidence of @entity3 from @entity957 of the skin may be as high as 3%. We do not have the courage to wait 3 months to see if a potentially invasive and metastatic @entity5 is indeed involutional. Incision biopsy may be wrought with significant histopathological inconsistencies. We believe that early, complete excision is the treatment of choice for all @entity1489 thought to be @entity7390 .

title: XXXX : is it a real entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aborted malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7390 :: ('MESH:D007636', 'Disease') :: ['keratoacanthoma', 'Keratoacanthoma']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity7390 :: (MESH:D007636,Disease) :: ['Keratoacanthoma']


abstract: @entity1118 is associated with @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor activation and downstream production of @entity842 , which has a pivotal role in multisynaptic local circuit nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. The formation of @entity842 is catalyzed by three major @entity842 synthase (NOS) isoforms (neuronal, @entity5612 ; inducible, iNOS; endothelial, eNOS), which are increased in the spinal cord of rodents subjected to some tonic and chronic forms of experimental @entity158 . Despite the important role of NOS in spinal cord nociceptive transmission, there have been no studies exploring the effect of @entity143 receptor blockade on NOS expression in the dorsal horn during @entity1118 . Furthermore, NOS isoforms have not been fully characterized in the dorsal horn of animals subjected to arthritic @entity158 . The aim of this work was therefore to study the expression of @entity5612 , iNOS and eNOS in the dorsal horns of monoarthritic @entity35 , and the modifications in NOS expression induced by pharmacological blockade of spinal cord @entity143 receptors. Monoarthritis was produced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right tibio-tarsal joint. At week 4, monoarthritic @entity35 were given either the competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity8547 ( @entity8547 ) or the uncompetitive @entity143 antagonist @entity3652 . After 6 and 24 hours, animals were killed and posterior quadrants of the lumbar spinal cord were dissected. Sample tissues were homogenized and subjected to immunoblotting with anti- @entity5612 , anti-iNOS or anti-eNOS monoclonal antibodies. The @entity5612 isoform, but not the iNOS and eNOS isoforms, were detected in the dorsal horns of control @entity35 . Monoarthritis increased the expression of @entity5612 , iNOS and eNOS in the dorsal horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the inflamed hindpaw. Intrathecal administration of @entity8547 and @entity3652 reduced @entity5612 expression in monoarthritic @entity35 but increased the expression of iNOS and eNOS. Results suggest that blockade of spinal cord @entity143 receptors produces complex regulatory changes in the expression of NOS isoforms in monoarthritic @entity35 that may be relevant for nitridergic neuronal/glial mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of monoarthritis and in the pharmacological response to drugs interacting with @entity143 receptors.

title: Expression of @entity842 synthase isoforms in the dorsal horn of monoarthritic @entity35 : effects of competitive and uncompetitive XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity8547 :: ('MESH:C050592', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid', 'CPP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Mutations in @entity47460 are a common cause of @entity8491 . Treatment with @entity6358 or @entity3045 is effective, but diagnosis is often delayed. The aim of our study was to find early clues to the diagnosis of @entity47460 @entity8491 . We included 23 @entity1 of 20 families. Onset of symptoms ranged from birth to age 3 years. 13 presented at birth with feeding difficulties, 11 with stridor (documented @entity3746 in 7), 3/11 with @entity2421 /poor head control. @entity425 was more pronounced proximally in all, axial in early presenting @entity1 . Muscle biopsy showed non-specific features in 15/16, type 1 fibre predominance in 14/16, areas devoid of oxidative enzyme activity in 7/16. Muscle imaging was normal in 8/10, 2/10 showed mild non-specific changes. A diagnostic clue suggesting CMS rather than @entity121 was the discrepancy between muscle imaging or histology findings compared with the degree of @entity425 . Repetitive nerve stimulation and stimulation single fibre electromyography were pathological in 9/17 and 13/14, respectively. In conclusion, stridor and feeding difficulties at birth or progressive @entity425 despite normal milestones in infancy point to the diagnosis and should lead to neurophysiological and genetic investigation. Fatigability can be absent or easily missed in the first years of life.

title: @entity47460 @entity8491 in childhood: early diagnostic clues in 23 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myasthenia', 'congenital myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We report on the immunogenicity and clinical effects in a phase I/II dose escalation trial of a DNA fusion vaccine in @entity1 with @entity263 . The vaccine encodes a domain (DOM) from fragment C of @entity116 toxin linked to an HLA-A2-binding epitope from @entity27425 ( @entity27425 ), @entity27425 (27-35). We evaluated the effect of intramuscular vaccination without or with electroporation (EP) on vaccine potency. Thirty-two HLA-A2(+) @entity1 were vaccinated and monitored for immune and clinical responses for a follow-up period of 72 weeks. At week 24, cross-over to the immunologically more effective delivery modality was permitted; this was shown to be with EP based on early antibody data, and subsequently, 13/15 @entity1 crossed to the +EP arm. Thirty-two HLA-A2(-) control @entity1 were assessed for time to next treatment and overall survival. Vaccination was safe and well tolerated. The vaccine induced DOM-specific @entity404 (+) and @entity27425 (27)-specific @entity405 (+) T cells, which were detectable at significant levels above baseline at the end of the study (p = 0.0223 and p = 0.00248, respectively). Of 30 @entity1 , 29 had a measurable @entity404 (+) T-cell response and @entity27425 (27)-specific @entity405 (+) T cells were detected in 16/30 @entity1 , with or without EP. At week 24, before cross-over, both delivery methods led to increased @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) vaccine-specific T cells with a trend to a greater effect with EP. PSA doubling time increased significantly from 11.97 months pre-treatment to 16.82 months over the 72-week follow-up (p = 0.0417), with no clear differential effect of EP. The high frequency of immunological responses to DOM- @entity27425 (27) vaccination and the clinical effects are sufficiently promising to warrant further, randomized testing.

title: DNA fusion-gene vaccination in @entity1 with XXXX induces high-frequency @entity405 (+) T-cell responses and increases PSA doubling time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27425 :: ('2346', 'Gene') :: ['PSMA', 'prostate-specific membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: While the use of St John's wort extracts as treatment for mild to moderate @entity308 is well established the mode of action is still under investigation. Individual constituents of St John's wort extract were tested for possible effects on the @entity10343 density and a subsequent change in downstream signalling in @entity35 C6 @entity463 cells. METHODS: The effect of compounds from St John's wort extract on the downregulation of b1 -adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins ( @entity10343 -green fluorescent protein (GFP)) of transfected @entity35 C6 gliobastoma cells (C6- @entity10343 -GFP) was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The influence on the lateral mobility of @entity10343 -GFP in C6- @entity10343 -GFP was investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The formation of second messenger was determined by @entity268 -assay. KEY FINDINGS: Confocal LSM revealed that pretreatment of cells with 1    m of @entity22738 and @entity21543 for 6 days, respectively, led to an internalization of @entity10343 -GFP under non-stimulating conditions. Observation by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy showed two diffusion time constants for control cells, with   diff1    =   0.78        0.18   ms and   diff2    =   122.53        69.41   ms, similarly distributed. Pretreatment with 1    m @entity22738 or 1    m @entity21543 for 3 days did not alter the   diff values but decreased the fraction of   diff1 whereas the fraction of   diff2 increased significantly. An elevated level of @entity10343 -GFP with hindered lateral mobility was in line with @entity10343 -GFP internalization induced by @entity22738 and @entity21543 , respectively. A reduced b1 -adrenergic responsiveness was assumed for C6 gliobastoma cells after pretreatment for 6 days with 1    m of both @entity22738 and @entity21543 , which was confirmed by decreased @entity268 formation of about 10% and 5% under non-stimulating conditions. Decrease in @entity268 formation by 23% for @entity22738 and 15% for @entity21543 was more pronounced after stimulation with 10    m @entity452 for 30   min. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of C6 gliobastoma cells with @entity22738 and @entity21543 results in a reduced @entity10343 density in the plasma membrane and a subsequent reduced downstream signalling.

title: Downregulation of b1 -adrenergic receptors in @entity35 C6 XXXX cells by @entity22738 and @entity21543 from St John's wort.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity22738 :: ('MESH:C001654', 'Chemical') :: ['hyperforin']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity21543 :: ('MESH:C021304', 'Chemical') :: ['hyperoside']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether participation in a week-long residential leisure intervention program targeting individuals with an acquired @entity1545 (ABI) improved the leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) of @entity1 . The program included leisure awareness, leisure resources, social interaction skills and leisure activity skills. METHOD: Using a pre- and post-intervention design leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and @entity7027 were assessed prior to, immediately following and at three months post program. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: @entity1 were eight @entity1 and four @entity1 aged between 19 and 49 years who were recent clients of a rural @entity1545 Rehabilitation Service. The majority (7/12) had acquired their ABI more than two years previously, and for most (10/12) the cause was @entity130 . Program @entity1 showed clinically important and statistically significant improvements in leisure satisfaction (p   =   0.002), self-esteem (p   =   0.03) and @entity7027 (p   =   0.02 to 0.008 for four domains of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life - Bref scale) three months post program. CONCLUSION: Adults with an ABI participating in leisure education programs can experience improvements in leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and @entity7027 following the program. The findings suggest that active leisure intervention programs should be included in the ongoing rehabilitative care of adults with an ABI. Implications for Rehabilitation Leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and social integration can be seriously compromised following an acquired @entity1545 (ABI). Engagement in leisure activities has positive effects on physical and mental health and is increasingly recognised as an important determinant of @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) for @entity1 with ABI. Participation in a short-term intensive leisure intervention program can improve leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and @entity7027 . Active leisure intervention programs should be included in the ongoing rehabilitation and reintegration of adults with ABI.

title: Efficacy of leisure intervention groups in rehabilitation of @entity1 with an acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['quality of life', 'QOL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']