abstract: @entity540 ( @entity540 ) was recently found to modulate the outgrowth-regulating effects of @entity2227 , and protected neurons from several brain regions against excitotoxi/ @entity2806 . We provide evidence that the excitoprotective mechanism of @entity540 involves suppression of the expression of a 71 kDa @entity143 receptor protein (NMDARP-71). NMDARP-71 protein and mRNA levels were reduced in neurons in @entity540 -treated hippocampal cell cultures. The levels of the NMDARP-71 were not reduced by NGF or epidermal growth factor, and @entity540 did not reduce the level of mRNA for the @entity7335 @entity4176 / @entity140 receptor, demonstrating the specificity of the effect of @entity540 on the NMDARP-71. The reduction in NMDARP-71 expression in @entity540 -treated neurons was correlated with reduced vulnerability to @entity143 @entity2359 . A major role for NMDARP-71 in @entity460 responses to @entity143 and excitotoxicity was demonstrated using antisense oligonucleotides directed against NMDARP-71. Northern and Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry showed that NMDARP-71 antisense oligonucleotides caused a selective suppression of NMDARP-71 mRNA and protein levels during 12-44 hr exposure periods. Elevations in intracellular @entity460 levels normally caused by @entity2227 and @entity143 were attenuated in neurons exposed to NMDARP-71 antisense oligonucleotide; @entity460 responses to kainate were relatively unaffected. NMDARP-71 antisense oligonucleotides protected the neurons against excitotoxicity. Thus, NMDARP-71 is a necessary component of an @entity143 receptor mediating @entity460 responses and @entity2359 in hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these data identify a mechanism whereby @entity540 can modify neuronal responses to @entity2227 , and suggest that regulating the expression of excitatory @entity535 receptors may provide a means for growth factors to influence the plasticity and @entity528 .

title: Basic FGF regulates the expression of a functional 71 kDa XXXX receptor protein that mediates @entity460 influx and @entity2359 in hippocampal neurons.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of neural circuits']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 may be the first symptom of @entity715 ( @entity3257 ); therefore, rapid diagnosis and therapy are crucial. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, main predictors, and long-term clinical evolution of @entity1 with @entity3257 in the acute phase of @entity64 . METHODS: We studied consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves who underwent emergent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during a 5-year period. Two groups were defined depending on the presence of @entity3257 ( @entity3257 or @entity3257 ). Baseline characteristics, TEE findings, and international normalized ratios (INRs) at the @entity64 event were registered. Follow-up visits and TEE control examinations were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were registered. TEE was performed within the first week in 85% of @entity1 (n   =   57). @entity3257 was diagnosed in 41.8% of cases (n   =   28). Clinical severity and baseline INR level showed no differences when the @entity3257 and @entity3257 were compared. The presence of @entity3257 was associated with the mitral valve location as compared with the aortic valve location (75% versus 25%, P   =   .003), the presence of spontaneous echocontrast (64.3% versus 35.9%, P   =   .022), and low ejection fraction (66.7% versus 32.7%, P   =   .019). The @entity3257 group showed a trend toward higher percentage of recurrence (10.7% versus 2.5%, P   =   .102) in the follow up period (mean follow-up 25 months). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity3257 in the acute @entity64 phase was relevant, as the @entity64 recurrence rate was considerable. Therefore, all @entity1 with prosthetic heart valve should undergo emergent TEE.

title: @entity715 in the Acute Phase of the XXXX : Relevance of Detection and Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['PVT', 'non-PVT groups']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: This study investigated whether osseointegration can occur on a surface which had previously been coated with @entity2413 . The mandibular premolar regions of four young adult Labrador @entity235 were used for the study. The lower premolars (P1, P2, P3, and P4) were extracted on either side of the mandibles. Following a 12-week healing period, three 3.75 mm x 13 mm commercially pure @entity702 implants (Nobel BiocareAB, Gothenburg, Sweden) were partially inserted in one side of each mandible. This resulted in some threads protruding from the tissues into the oral cavity. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on the exposed implant surfaces. Following a 5-week healing period, the contaminated parts of each implant were treated using three different cleaning techniques: (1) swabbing with supersaturated @entity1792 for 30 s on a @entity2708 pellet followed by rinsing with physiological saline, (2) cleansing with a toothbrush and physiological saline only for 1 min, and (3) swabbing with 10% @entity273 ( @entity274 ) on a @entity2708 pellet for 1 min followed by rinsing with physiological saline. The treated implants and one previously unused implant (control) were then placed into freshly prepared tapped sites to the full implant length on the contralateral sides of the mandibles. Following 11 weeks of healing, biopsies were obtained and ground sections prepared for histomorphometric analysis. All treatment modalities were associated with direct bone to implant contact on the portion of implant surface previously exposed to the oral environment. In conclusion, The results demonstrate that osseointegration can occur to surfaces that were plaque contaminated and cleaned by different methods.

title: Osseointegration on implant surfaces previously contaminated with plaque. An experimental study in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: AIMS: Reports of rheological changes following intensification of metabolic control are limited and not concordant. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that intensification of management of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) with diet, exercise and insulin improves haemorheological behaviour by reducing red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. METHODS: Blood was sampled from 55 subjects before and following 14 +/- 3 weeks of intensified management. @entity1503 was measured in vitro for cells in plasma or in an aggregating 70 kD dextran solution. Plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity were also measured. RESULTS: During treatment, fasting @entity413 fell 27%, @entity4051 c fell 21%, and serum @entity1674 and total @entity165 fell 28% and 12%, respectively (P < 0.0001 for each). The extent and strength of @entity1503 in plasma fell by 10-13% (P < 0.002). Similar decreases of @entity1503 were seen for cells suspended in dextran (P < 0.002). Plasma viscosity decreased by 3% (P < 0.02) and high shear blood viscosity by 6-7% (P < 0.0001). Changes of @entity1503 in plasma and in dextran were significantly correlated, supporting a cellular rather than a plasmatic origin for these changes. However, there were no significant correlations between @entity1503 changes and changes of fasting @entity413 , HbA1c, serum @entity1674 , serum @entity165 , or plasma fibrinogen. CONCLUSIONS: Intensified metabolic control results in a @entity1503 that appears to be intrinsic to RBC. Since increased @entity1503 can impair microcirculatory flow, it is possible that haemorheological factors may contribute to the @entity455 resulting from improved metabolic control in T2DM.

title: Decreased red blood cell aggregation subsequent to improved glycaemic control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of RBC aggregation', 'RBC aggregation']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare geriatric @entity146 @entity1 and their management in an integrated (with other adult age groups) care in the Psychiatric University Hospital of G  ttingen (IGV) compared to those in a separated (according to age) care in the Psychiatric University Hospital of Magdeburg ( @entity22026 ). Compared to the former, the latter is also involved in the regional obligatory care system. METHOD: We performed standardised chart reviews of randomly selected groups of @entity1 , wo had been treated in the IGV (n = 104) and the @entity22026 (n = 144) in the years 1998 and 1999. RESULTS: Most @entity1 of the @entity22026 suffered from organic @entity75 / @entity303 ( @entity22026 : 57.6 %; IGV: 36.6 %). In the IGV, @entity308 (51 %) and addiction (27.9 %) were the most frequent diagnoses. Disabilities of vision, audition, speech or @entity400 and @entity121 were more often found in the @entity22026 . Specialised diagnostics were performed mostly in the @entity22026 . Both institutions treated the majority of patients with antipsychotic drugs. A program of ergotherapy and physiotherapy was significantly more often documented in the @entity22026 . Nearly half of the @entity22026 @entity1 were released into changed living environments (IGV: 12.9 %). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with further progressed organic @entity75 / @entity303 as well as older, psychically and somatically more severely ill @entity1 were treated more frequently in the @entity22026 . Obligatory care seems to be the reason for this and not separation or integration. In general, separated care according to age seems to provide a more diversified treatment approach for the elderly.

title: [A comparison of geriatric @entity146 inpatients of two German XXXX university hospitals in integrated or separated (with regard to age) care--part 2: Diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain diseases']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle diseases']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The objective of this phase I-II study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy with @entity1487 , @entity4181 , @entity632 , @entity1499 , and oral @entity2879 ( @entity1182 ) in @entity1 with measurable unresectable or metastatic @entity356 . Starting doses on the phase I study were as follows: @entity1499 50 mg/m2 intravenous bolus day 1; @entity4181 20 mg/m2 intravenous bolus days 2 through 4, starting 24 hours after the @entity1499 dose; @entity1487 325 mg/m2 intravenous bolus 15 minutes after @entity4181 days 2 through 4; @entity632 25 mg/m2 intravenous bolus day 8; and oral @entity2879 50 mg/day for 14 days, starting on day 8. A new cycle started on day 28. A total of 42 @entity1 were treated--10 @entity1 in the phase I study and 32 @entity1 in the phase II study. Dose-limiting @entity137 was encountered in the phase I study on the second escalation step, when @entity632 was escalated to 30 mg/m2 and @entity1487 was escalated to 350 mg/m2. In the phase II study 28 @entity1 (109 courses) were evaluable for @entity137 . @entity1398 grade 3 or more was dose limiting and was documented in 12 @entity1 (43%) during 22 treatment courses (20%). @entity1398 was associated with @entity1398 requiring hospitalization in four @entity1 during five courses of therapy. Grade 3 @entity3136 and grade 3 @entity294 was infrequent, documented in two @entity1 (two courses) and three @entity1 (four courses), respectively. All other @entity137 was grade 1 and grade 2. The combined objective response rate in 38 evaluable @entity1 entered in both studies was 23.3% (six partial responses and one complete response). Stable disease was documented in 15 @entity1 (39.5%). The median survival for the 42 @entity1 entered in both trials was 6.9 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9-8.5 months). The objective response rate and median survival for the combined group is comparable with that reported for the @entity2879 , @entity4181 , and @entity1487 (ELF), and @entity1487 and @entity1499 (FMTX) regimens in a recently reported, multicenter, phase III study.

title: Phase I-II study of @entity1487 , XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1499 , and long-term oral @entity2879 ( @entity1182 ) in unresectable or metastatic @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: Frequent loss of heterozygosity of microsatellites markers on specific chromosomal region have been reported in various types of primary @entity1 @entity5 . The same loss of heterozygosity has also been identified in the matched plasma/serum DNA. Using 109 microsatellite markers representing 24 chromosomal arms, we have examined the loss of heterozygosity in 21 cases of @entity157 , six of @entity201 , and 27 cases of chronic @entity99 or @entity82 . All cases of the @entity157 showed deletion from two to 10 chromosomal arms, while deletion of chromosomes from two to eight regions was detected in five of six @entity201 @entity1 . One or more loss of heterozygosity in the paired serum DNA could be detected in 16 of 25 (76.2%) @entity157 @entity1 . In contrast, no alterations in serum DNA test could be found in @entity201 @entity1 . Five of seven (71.4%) @entity157 @entity1 with @entity160 levels less than 20 ng ml(-1) produced positive serum DNA test. The profiles of 19 microsatellite markers gave a 100% positive predictive value and an 80.8% negative predictive @entity157 . In conclusion, we have determined a profile of microsatellite markers appropriate for differential diagnosis of primary @entity96 . The discovery may permit a high-throughput screening of @entity157 at an early stage of disease.

title: Molecular diagnosis of primary XXXX by microsatellite DNA analysis in the serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['value for hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Bone @entity236 (BME) of the talus is a rare, mostly self-limiting cause of foot and @entity158 . We sought to investigate in @entity1 with idiopathic BME of the talus the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic fields and to determine the effect of this therapy on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Methods : Six @entity1 with BME of the talus confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. @entity158 was quantified with a visual analog scale from 0 (no @entity158 ) to 10 (the worst @entity158 imaginable). The clinical outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system. Treatment consisted of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation 8 h/d for 30 days. The device used generated pulses 1.3 milliseconds in duration, with a frequency of 75 Hz and a mean    SD induced electric field of 3.5    0.5 mV. Results : The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from 59.4 (range, 40-66) before treatment to 94 (range, 80-100) at the last follow-up. The visual analog scale score decreased significantly from 5.6 (range, 4-7) before treatment to 1 (range, 0-2) at the last follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that BME improved after 1 month of treatment and resolved completely within 3 months in 5 @entity1 , with normal signal intensity and no signs of progression to @entity2530 . Conclusions : A significant reduction in BME area was associated with a significant decrease in @entity158 within 3 months of beginning treatment.

title: Treatment of @entity236 of the Talus with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Outcomes in Six XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this phase II study was to determine the activity and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 , in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with unresectable, stage IIIB and stage IV @entity1149 , measurable lesions and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status < or = 3, were entered into the trial. The treatment consisted of @entity1260 1500 mg/m2 on days 1 to 3 with @entity1206 25 mg/m2 and @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on days 3 and 8, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 with stage IIIB (24%) and stage IV (76%) were enrolled into the trial. The median age of the @entity1 was 65 years. The performance status was 0-1, 2 and 3 in 48%, 43% and 9% of @entity1 , respectively. The histology was @entity957 (52%), which was poorly-differentiated in 30% of @entity1 . All @entity1 , receiving a total of 249 chemotherapy courses, were assessable for response and @entity137 on an intent-to-treat basis. Objective responses included complete response in 3 (5.6%) @entity1 (95% CI: 1.1% to 15.3%), partial response in 26 (48.1%) @entity1 (95% CI: 34.3% to 62.2%), giving an overall response rate of 53.7% (95% CI: 39.6% to 674%). Stable disease was observed in 20 (37%) @entity1 (95% CI: 24.3% to 51.2%) and progressive disease in 5 (9.3%) @entity1 (95% CI: 3% to 20.3%). The median time to progression was 8.8 months (range: 2-55+ months). The median overall survival was 13.2 months (range: 2-55+). The 1-year survival rate was 56% for all @entity1 , comprising 78% and 47% for stage IIIB and stage IV @entity1 , respectively (p=0.088). Myelosuppression was the main side-effect with (WHO) grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 in 56% and 13% of the @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that even @entity1 with a poor performance status may benefit from @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 treatment, with acceptable @entity137 .

title: @entity136 , XXXX and @entity1206 in advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mainly squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risks of @entity2099 and @entity43 ( @entity43 ) are increased in @entity1 with @entity4082 resistance WHO group 2 dysfunction undergoing ovulation induction as well as the risk of @entity2208 if conception takes place. Semi-purified preparations of FSH have been developed in an effort to reduce the impact of exogenous LH, relatively high levels of which are present in @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). Ovulation induction in @entity1 with @entity4082 resistant WHO group 2 dysfunction who often have clinical features of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ), is a major challenge. The risks of @entity2099 and @entity43 ( @entity43 ) are increased in this population. There also appears to be an increased risk of @entity2208 in those who conceive, perhaps associated with elevated LH levels. Semi-purified preparations of FSH have been developed in an effort to reduce the impact of exogenous LH, relatively high levels of which are present in @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophins. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of daily FSH versus daily hMG in @entity1 with @entity4082 -resistant @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ), in terms of rates of pregnancy and moderate to severe @entity43 ( @entity43 ). SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Subfertility Review Group specialised register of controlled trials was searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: All RCTs relevant to the clinical question were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A diverse search strategy was employed, including hand-search of 43 core journals from 1966 to the present, bibliographies of relevant trials, MEDLINE database, abstracts from North American and European meetings and contact with authors of relevant papers. Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardized data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomisation, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. DATA SYNTHESIS: 2x2 tables were generated for all relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using x2. MAIN RESULTS: No significant benefit was demonstrated from semi-purified FSH versus hMG in terms of pregnancy rate: common odds ratio per @entity1 0.66 (95% CI 0.35-1.24) and per cycle 0.89 (95% CI 0.51-1.53). FSH appeared to be associated with a reduction in moderate to severe @entity43 : common odds ratios 0.2 (95% CI 0.09-0.46). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity3610 , no significant difference could be demonstrated between FSH and hMG, in terms of pregnancy rate. However, given similar cost, potential advantages in terms of purity and a possible reduction in @entity43 risk, highly purified or recombinant FSH are likely to be widely adopted in the future. Further research should consider live birth as a primary clinical outcome, given concerns over the association between high @entity342 and LH levels with @entity2208 risk.

title: WITHDRAWN: Ovulation induction with urinary follicle stimulating hormone versus @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin for @entity4082 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound (US) is often used for the work-up of testicular pathology. The findings may implicate on its management. However, there is only scant data on the correlation between US findings and @entity5 type and size. Herein, we report on a multicenter study, analyzing these correlations. METHODS: The study included @entity1 who underwent orchiectomy between 2000 and 2010. Their charts were reviewed for US echogeneity, lesion size, pathological dimensions, histology, and the presence of @entity730 , @entity82 , @entity39 and/or @entity5436 . The incidence of these parameters in benign versus malignant lesions and @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) versus nonseminomatous @entity2971 (NSGCT) was statistically compared. RESULTS: Eighty five @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 71 malignant (43 @entity10711 , 28 NSGCT) and 14 benign. Sonographic lesions were at least 20% smaller than the pathologically determined dimensions in 21 (25%) @entity1 . The ability of US in estimating the size of @entity5 was 71%, compared to 100% of @entity5 (p=0.03), with no significant difference between @entity10711 and NSGCT. Necrosis was more frequent in @entity5 (p=0.03); hypoechogeneity and @entity82 were more frequent in @entity10711 than in NSGCT (p=0.002 and 0.04 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Testis US of malignant lesions underestimates the size in 25% of the cases, a fact that may impact on the decision of testicular sparing surgery. The ultrasonic lesions were eventually proven to be benign in 16% of the cases. Therefore it is advised to apply frozen sections in borderline cases. Hypoechogeneity is more frequent in @entity10711 than NSGCT.

title: The value of testicular ultrasound in the prediction of the type and size of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['seminomatous germ cell tumors', 'SGCT']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular tumors']


abstract: The Bacillus caldotenax @entity5097 dehydrogenase gene (lct) has been cloned into @entity526 , using the @entity8220 lct gene as a hybridisation probe, and its complete @entity377 sequence determined. The lct structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 951 base pairs commencing with an ATG start codon and followed by a @entity2796 stop codon. Upstream of the gene are putative transcriptional promoter -35 and -10 regions; a ribosome binding site with a predicted delta G of -66.9 kJ/mol is also present six base pairs upstream of the ATG start codon. The B. caldotenax lct gene is highly homologous to the @entity8220 lct gene displaying a DNA sequence homology of 89.7%. Examination of the DNA sequence 3' of the lct gene revealed the presence of two further open reading frames. This suggests that the lct gene may be the first gene of an operon. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the @entity5097 dehydrogenase (LDH) from B. caldotenax predicted a protein of 317 @entity535 residues; comparison with the @entity8220 enzyme revealed only 30 @entity535 differences between the two enzymes; thus the enzymes are 90.4% homologous. These @entity535 differences must account for the different thermostabilities of the two enzymes. The B. caldotenax lct gene was efficiently expressed in @entity526 and the original lct-containing plasmid construct isolated (pKD1) induced the synthesis of LDH at a level of 4.5% of the @entity526 soluble cell protein whilst a SmaI subfragment of this clone, (pKD2) produced LDH at a level of 6.9% of the @entity526 soluble cell protein. LDH isolated from @entity526 cells had the same thermal stability properties as LDH isolated from B. caldotenax cells.

title: @entity535 sequence of the @entity5097 dehydrogenase of Bacillus caldotenax deduced from the XXXX sequence of the cloned gene.

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['B. stearothermophilus', 'Bacillus stearothermophilus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lactate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction. We present a retrospective single-centre study to determine whether delays in diagnosis of high-grade @entity11 (HGG) impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Material and methods. Consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with HGG at a single neuroscience centre in 2011 were reviewed. Route of referral and time from initial presentation to diagnosis were analysed and correlated with @entity1349 . Results.118 @entity1 were studied - 92 @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). Diagnosis of @entity463 in @entity1 presenting to emergency services was quicker than that through outpatients (8 days vs. 26 days, p < 0.0001), but these @entity1 had significantly worse @entity1349 (181 days vs. 386 days p = 0.0075). This trend was observed for the whole cohort (Grade III and @entity463 ), with @entity1349 278 days in @entity1 presenting to emergency services compared with 423 days for @entity1 presenting via outpatients (p = 0.0034). @entity1 presenting to outpatients were younger (median age: 54 years) compared with @entity1 presenting to emergency services (median age: 62.5 years) (p = 0.0106). There were no other differences between the two groups with respect to the nature of presenting symptoms. Conclusion. Earlier diagnosis is paradoxically associated with a worse @entity1349 in @entity463 . An ' @entity146 ' phenotype with rapid symptomatic deterioration and hence emergency presentation is a poor prognostic factor not influenced by earlier diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic delay and survival in high-grade XXXX - evidence of the 'waiting time paradox'?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: In a previous study we were the first to describe a negative correlation between circulating ghrelin concentrations and @entity342 levels in @entity1 plasma, suggesting an interaction between ghrelin and the endocrine regulation of reproductive physiology. We now investigated a potential direct regulatory influence of circulating @entity3800 on plasma ghrelin levels. Fourteen @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) on a hypocaloric diet were randomly assigned to treatment groups (open-labeled design), receiving either placebo (no.=7) or the antiandrogen @entity12194 (no.=7) for 6 months. Anthropometry, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue (quantified by computerized tomography), plasma hormone levels, insulin sensitivity indexes (Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index-QUICKI) and Homeostatic Model Assessment applied to the oral @entity413 tolerance test (HOMA(OGTT)) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Body weight decreased and insulin resistance indexes improved in both groups. A tendency toward a greater loss of VAT was observed in the @entity12194 group. Only in the @entity12194 group was a significant reduction of @entity3800 levels observed. Plasma ghrelin levels significantly increased following treatment with @entity12194 , while ghrelin remained unchanged in the placebo group. We observed a negative correlation between changes of ghrelin levels and changes of @entity342 plasma concentration in the @entity12194 -treated group. In the same group a positive correlation was found between plasma ghrelin changes and insulin sensitivity as expressed by HOMA(OGTT). Analysis in a multiple regression model, however, showed that plasma ghrelin changes were mainly due to changes of @entity342 levels rather than improved insulin sensitivity. We, therefore, conclude that @entity3800 are independent modulators of circulating ghrelin concentrations.

title: Anti- @entity342 treatment increases circulating ghrelin levels in @entity28 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Wrist @entity174 is considered a typical initiating @entity130 for complex regional @entity158 ( @entity6866 I). However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated factors associated with the occurrence of @entity6866 I after the surgical treatment of a @entity174 ( @entity174 ). This study evaluates the factors influencing the occurrence of @entity6866 I after the surgical treatment of a @entity174 . METHODS: A total of 477 @entity1 with a @entity174 who had been treated surgically were enrolled in this prospective observational study. @entity1 were followed for 6  months after surgery, and @entity6866 I was diagnosed using the Budapest diagnostic criteria for research. The factors assessed for the development of CPRS I were age, gender, the body mass index, the type of @entity174 , the energy of @entity130 , the number of trial reductions, the type of surgery, and the duration of immobilization. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of the occurrence of @entity6866 I. RESULTS: Among the 477 @entity1 , 42 (8.8  %) satisfied the Budapest criteria for @entity6866 I within 6  months of surgery. Female @entity1 developed @entity6866 I more frequently, and the @entity1 who developed @entity6866 I were older and more likely to sustain a high energy injury or have a comminuted @entity174 . According to the multivariate analysis, female @entity1 and those with a high energy @entity130 or severe @entity174 type were significantly more likely to develop @entity6866 I (p  =  0.02, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High energy injuries, severe @entity174 , and the female gender contribute to the development of @entity6866 I after the surgical treatment of @entity174 . The results have important implications for physicians who wish to identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity6866 I after operative fixation for @entity174 and instigate treatment accordingly.

title: Factors associated with complex regional XXXX in @entity1 with surgically treated @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fracture', 'DRF', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome type I']


abstract: @entity20542 is a non-cardioselective beta adrenergic blocking drug used in the treatment of @entity726 . 56 @entity1 with intraocular pressure between 30-49 mm hg were randomised to one of six treatment regimens for a 12 week period. Each @entity1 received each concentration for 4 weeks and intraocular pressures were checked every two weeks. Using a worst and an average eye approach, mean initial intra-ocular pressures were 35.8 and 35.0 mm hg respectively. The mean fall in intra-ocular pressure after 4 weeks treatment ranged from 12.8 (0.1%) to 14.1 mm hg (0.6%) for average eyes (n = 56), and from 13.4 to 16.7 mm hg for worst eyes. These differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05-p greater than 0.5). Increasing the concentration had no significant effect on pressure. Reducing the concentration had no effect except in @entity1 who changed from 0.6% to 0.1%, when there was a mean rise of approximately 2 mm hg, p less than 0.02. The incidence of stinging varied from 19% of attendances on 0.1%, to 63% on 0.6%. We recommend the use of the 0.1% strength since all three significantly lower intra-ocular pressure but the higher concentrations are more expensive, cause more stinging, and are no better at lowering intra-ocular pressure.

title: Doubled-masked three-period crossover investigation of XXXX in control of raised intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20542 :: ('MESH:D014290', 'Chemical') :: ['Metipranolol']

answer: @entity20542 :: (MESH:D014290,Chemical) :: ['metipranolol']


abstract: First, @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 levels were determined simultaneously in the striatum of free-moving @entity35 after administration of their major oxidative enzyme inhibitors followed by @entity167 . The results showed that @entity3094 was present in the @entity58713 (CY) + @entity167 , CY + @entity7084 ( @entity30166 ) + @entity167 and CY + @entity4627 + @entity167 groups. The CY + @entity167 -induced peak @entity3094 level was 195.2 +/- 19.4 microM, and this value was significantly higher than those in the other groups. The peak @entity167 level was 25.9 +/- 2.3mM in the CY + @entity30166 + @entity167 group, and this level was considerably higher than the value in @entity167 . No significant difference in brain @entity167 levels was found in any of the other groups studied. Second, the effects of @entity167 and @entity3094 on @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4833 ) were investigated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of high @entity3094 -producing @entity35 using RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that @entity167 and @entity3094 decreased @entity4268 expression at 40 and 240 min after @entity167 dosing in the brain. The @entity3094 -induced reduction in @entity4268 expression was significantly higher than that induced by @entity167 . No remarkable alteration of @entity4833 expression was observed. The study suggested that catalase made a significant contribution to @entity3094 formation in the @entity35 brain, and that @entity167 and @entity3094 decreased @entity4268 expression at 40 and 240 min after @entity167 dosing.

title: XXXX and @entity3094 : in vivo quantitation and effects on cholinergic function in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity7084 :: ('MESH:C010238', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylpyrazole']

entities_list: @entity58713 :: ('MESH:D003484', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanamide']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role of regulating @entity130 . However, it is not clear about the correlation between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and @entity32 induced by @entity558 in mammary gland cells. So immunofluorescence was performed to verify the @entity15505 expression in mammary gland cells. @entity98 assay was performed to detect cell viability. ELISA was performed to detect cytokines in cell supernatant. Western Blot was performed to analyze RAS levels and @entity15505 level change was observed by immunofluorescence. The @entity2939 level and @entity9135 phosphorylation were detected by Western Blot. The @entity15505 protein intensively located on the cell membrane. According to the results of @entity98 assay and @entity310 level, the injury was evidently induced by high concentration @entity558 after 9h. The @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity1289 , @entity7743 and AngII had an increasing expression with the rise of cell injury. In contrast, the MasR, @entity3658 -7 and @entity15505 had a declining expression with the increase of cell injury degree. The @entity2939 level and @entity9135 phosphorylation in high concentration @entity558 group was significantly higher than that of control group. These results suggest that a valid @entity130 was induced after the cells were treated by high concentration of @entity558 for 9h. Meanwhile, the @entity1289 /AngII/ @entity7743 axis was activated and the @entity15505 / @entity3658 -7/MasR axis was @entity308 .

title: The correlation between @entity130 induced by XXXX and RAS in EpH4-Ev cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory injury']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and feasibility of direct cryothermic and hyperthermic therapy on @entity10401 and adjacent myometrium, and to contribute to evidence-based treatment thresholds based on measurements of direct cell injury. DESIGN: Experimental study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity2909 and myometrium tissue from 10 @entity1 undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. INTERVENTION: In vitro cryothermic or hyperthermic therapy was performed with @entity2909 and myometrium tissue samples. Using a directional solidification stage to simulate cryothermic therapy, 10 @entity2909 and 6 myometrium specimens were cooled in vitro at a rate of -5 degrees C/minute to end temperatures of -20 degrees, -40 degrees, -60 degrees, and -80 degrees C with a 15-minute hold period and then rapidly thawed to 21 degrees C. Hyperthermic therapy was simulated using a preheated 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, and 80 degrees C constant temperature @entity920 heating block with a 10-minute treatment period. In conjunction with tissue culturing and control tissues, cell death was assessed with routine histology and viability dyes ( @entity5611 homodimer/Hoechst). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In cryothermic results, @entity204 ( @entity204 ) increased from 12% to 27% by histology and 26% to 38% by viability dye assay over the thermal range from -20 degrees to -80 degrees C, respectively. @entity204 ( @entity204 ) increased from 10% to 12% and 4% to 20% for the same measurements, respectively. Whereas @entity204 appeared relatively stable from -40 degrees to -80 degrees C, it was significantly less than @entity204 over this range (p <0.05). For hyperthermic results, @entity204 increased from 17% to 88% by histology with progressive temperature increase from 45 degrees to 80 degrees C, respectively. The @entity204 showed a similar increase from 16% to 91% by histology over this temperature range. Hyperthermic histology and dye assay results were similar for @entity204 and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with myometrium, @entity10401 showed greater direct cryothermic and equal @entity131 . Whereas cell death increased up to 70 degrees C and down to -80 degrees C, the interval increases in cell injury diminished with more extreme temperatures. In vivo studies of combined direct and @entity1317 thresholds have yet to be performed, but direct @entity204 matrixes determined in this study will help provide guidelines for minimally invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of @entity10401 .

title: Cryothermic and hyperthermic treatments of @entity1 XXXX and adjacent myometrium and their implications for laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermic cell injury']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Myometrial cell death', 'LCD', 'leiomyomata cell death', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['representative leiomyoma', 'Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity10401 :: (MESH:C535516,Disease) :: ['leiomyomata']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no consensus has been reached regarding which @entity5 subtypes are managed appropriately with hepatic metastectomy. Specifically, the role of hepatic resection for metastatic periampullary or @entity788 remains controversial. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2005, 1563 @entity1 underwent surgical resection for @entity189 (n=608 @entity1 ) or @entity788 (head, n=905 @entity1 ; tail, n=50 @entity1 ). Data on demographics, operative details, @entity5 status, and-when indicated-extent of hepatic @entity3 were collected. RESULTS: Of the 1563 @entity1 who underwent resection of periampullary or @entity788 , 22 @entity1 (1.4%) underwent simultaneous hepatic resection for synchronous liver @entity3 . The @entity5 site was ampullary (n=1 @entity1 ), duodenal (n=2 @entity1 ), distal bile duct (n=2 @entity1 ), or pancreas (head, n=10 @entity1 ; tail, n=7 @entity1 ). The majority of @entity1 (86.4%) had a solitary hepatic @entity3 , and the median size of the largest lesion was 0.6 cm. Hepatic metastectomy included wedge resection (n=20 @entity1 ), segmentectomy (n=1 @entity1 ), and hemihepatectomy (n=1 @entity1 ). After matching @entity1 on @entity5 histology and location, the median survival of @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection of synchronous @entity3 was 5.9 months compared with 5.6 months for @entity1 who underwent palliative bypass alone (P=.46) and 14.2 months for @entity1 with no @entity3 who underwent @entity5 resection only (P<.001). Pancreatic (median, 5.9 months) versus nonpancreatic (median, 9.9 months) @entity5 histology was not associated with a difference in survival in @entity1 who underwent resection of synchronous liver @entity3 (P=.43). CONCLUSIONS: Even in well selected @entity1 with low-volume metastatic @entity409 , simultaneous resection of periampullary or @entity3123 with synchronous liver metastases did not result in long-term survival in the overwhelming majority of @entity1 .

title: Is resection of periampullary or XXXX with synchronous hepatic metastasis justified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the findings from the @entity1 's Health Initiative became available in July 2002, millions of @entity1 have discontinued postmenopausal @entity34 ( @entity34 ). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity34 cessation and @entity173 risk. METHODS: @entity1 who participated in the National @entity170 Risk Assessment and completed the 12-month follow-up survey were studied. All @entity1 were aged at least 50 years, were postmenopausal, and had no previous diagnosis of @entity170 . Baseline and 12-month follow-up questionnaires assessed use of @entity34 and incident @entity174 . Of the 140,584 @entity1 in this study, 269 reported an incident @entity173 . A logistic regression model was used to assess association between @entity34 use and incident @entity173 , controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: Consistent with the @entity1 's Health Initiative, @entity1 in National @entity170 Risk Assessment who were currently on @entity34 had a 40% lower incidence of @entity173 compared with those who never used @entity34 . @entity1 who stopped using @entity34 more than 5 years earlier had similar @entity173 risk to never users, as expected. However, surprisingly, @entity1 who had discontinued @entity34 within the previous 5 years had an increased @entity173 odds ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.59) relative to never users of @entity34 . CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal @entity1 who have discontinued @entity34 within the past 5 years have a risk for @entity173 that is at least as high as that in @entity1 who have never used @entity34 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2

title: Rapid loss of XXXX protection after estrogen cessation: evidence from the National @entity170 Risk Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity2316 is the most important cause of @entity454 . The aim of this study was to develop a risk score from risk predictors for @entity454 , with and without @entity204 , in the Reduction of Endpoints in @entity2175 with the @entity2178 Antagonist @entity9886 (RENAAL) study and to compare ability of the @entity454 risk score and its components to predict @entity454 . The risk score was developed from coefficients of independent risk factors from multivariate analysis of baseline variables and equals (1.96 x log [urinary albumin: @entity1011 ratio]) - (0.78 serum albumin [g/dl]) + (1.28 x serum @entity1011 [mg/dl]) - (0.11 x hemoglobin [g/dl]). It was robust with respect to severity of @entity8 , gender, race, and treatment group. The risk score for @entity454 or @entity204 was comparable. The four risk predictors for progression of @entity8 were independent of therapy. For combined treatment groups, the hazard ratio between the fourth and first quartiles of the @entity454 risk score was 49.0, as compared with the corresponding hazard ratios for each component: 14.7 for urinary albumin: @entity1011 ratio, 9.2 for serum @entity1011 , 5.5 for hemoglobin, and 10.2 for serum albumin. The RENAAL risk scores for @entity454 with or without @entity204 emphasize the importance of identification of level of @entity633 , serum albumin, serum @entity1011 , and hemoglobin to predict development of @entity454 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity8 . Although @entity633 is a strong risk factor for @entity454 , the contribution of serum albumin, serum @entity1011 , and hemoglobin level further enhances prediction of @entity454 . Future trials with a similar @entity1 population and outcomes measures should consider adjusting analyses for baseline risk factors.

title: Risk scores for predicting outcomes in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX and @entity8 : the RENAAL study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4670 Background: In Japan, the officially recommended dose of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is low as less than one tenth of that in U.S.A. This study was done to confirm the usefulness of low-dose @entity1199 plus @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) against @entity1358 . METHODS: In step 1, the dose of @entity1199 (teceleukin) was fixed at 0.7*10(6) JRU (IU)/body on 5 days/week, i.v., and the dose of @entity4020 ( @entity1 Lymphoblastoid interferon) was increased from 3*10(6) IU/body on 3 days/week (level I) to 6*10(6) IU on 3 days/week (level II) and to 6*10(6) IU on 5 days/week (level III). All @entity1 entered into the study were @entity1358 with @entity3 , and had nephrectomy. RESULTS: In step 1, 10 @entity1 were registered, and 9 (3 at each level) could be evaluated. Since grade 3 and grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 1 @entity1 each at level III, level II was determined as the recommended regimen. The response rate in step 1 was 44.4% (4/9), and it was 66.7% (4/6) in the @entity1 who had only lung metastases. In step 2, 46 @entity1 were registered, and the response rate in the 37 @entity1 who were classified as PPS (per protocol set) was 21.6% (8/37), and that in those with only lung metastases was 33.3% (8/24). The side effects observed were primarily ful-like symptoms due to cytokines, and @entity344 , @entity854 , and @entity409 were noted, but they were milder than those reported at a large dose of @entity1199 . CONCLUSIONS: In the 46 @entity1 evaluated in step 1 and step 2 combined, the response rate was 26.1% (12/46), and it was particularly high at 40.0% (12/30) among those with only lung metastases, so that the combination therapy of low-dose @entity1199 and @entity4020 was suggested to be an effective and safe regimen for this @entity1 group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: A low-dose combination therapy of @entity1199 and IFNa for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the liver function']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound have a well-defined role in staging @entity1 with @entity9451 . The effect of the @entity516 induction on @entity5 biology is unknown. The authors investigated whether an in vitro @entity516 augments the invasive capacity of @entity788 and elucidate a mechanism by which this may occur. METHODS: A pancreatic ( @entity16413 ) @entity420 cell line was exposed to an in vitro @entity516 (carbon dioxide ( @entity3627 ) or helium) for a maximum of 2 h or left in normal growth conditions (control). Cells were nonenzymatically harvested and placed in invasion assays. These were performed over 72 h using Matrigel coated 8-mm Transwell filters and analyzed using MTS colorimetric assay. Gelatin zymography was employed to assess the level of @entity5379 (gelatinase A and B) secretion. Expression of @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) was assessed using ELISA (Biotrak). Inhibition of invasion assays was performed using a specific gelatinase inhibitor (MMPI; Calbiochem). RESULTS: The invasive capacity of @entity5 cells is augmented versus control in both helium (p <0.05) and @entity3627 (p <0.001) groups. Concomitant significant upregulation of the gelatinase activity was demonstrated with both insufflants (p <0.05; 0.001, respectively). Enhanced invasion was attenuated by the addition of a specific gelatinase inhibitor (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the invasive capacity of @entity788 cells is augmented by laparoscopic staging in vitro. This is in part mediated by increased gelatinase activity and may be attenuated by the addition of specific inhibitors.

title: Laparoscopic staging of XXXX induces increased invasive capacity in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and 9']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pancreatic tumour']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic pneumoperitoneum', 'pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumors']


abstract: The UV-endonuclease approach to detect DNA damage has been combined with the alkaline elution technique with a resultant marked increase in sensitivity compared to the conventional method using alkaline sedimentation. DNA from UV-irradiated cells was digested on an inert filter with an extract from @entity7178 and then analyzed by alkaline elution. Endonuclease-sensitive sites (endo-sites) were measured after doses of 0.08-0.7 Jm-2 of UV-radiation. An estimate of endo-site production with UV radiation, 0.27 endo-sites/10(8) daltons of DNA/0.1 Jm-2, was similar to that usually seen at higher doses by others. With repair incubation, approx. 50% of the endo-sites were removed in 4 h by normal @entity1 fibroblasts after 0.2 or 0.4 Jm-2; no appreciable repair was seen in @entity2173 fibroblasts from complementation group A after 24 h of repair incubation. No photoreaction of UV damage due to 0.4 Jm-2 was detected in normal @entity1 fibroblasts. The endonuclease preparation also recognized DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation or an alkylating agent. Approx. 0.4 endo-sites/10(8) daltons of DNA were detected after a dose of 1 krad and 1 endo-site/10(8) daltons was observed after exposure of @entity1 cells to 2.5 microM @entity2482 for 1.3 h. The lesions detected after @entity2482 treatment by the endonuclease preparation decreased with post-treatment incubation--T1/2 8 h. The kinetics of removal of the endo-sites induced by @entity2482 were similar in normal cells and @entity1 cells of the mer- phenotype which has been shown to be more sensitive by cell killing to alkylating-agent damage. This should prove to be a useful approach to study DNA damage and repair since the entire assay can be done in several hours and a very low level of damage (1 endo-site/2 x 10(9) daltons of DNA) can be detected.

title: Measurement of XXXX endonuclease-sensitive lesions by alkaline elution.

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

answer: @entity7178 :: (1270,Species) :: ['M. luteus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 171 Background: Community Care of North Carolina (CCNC) initiated an innovative @entity910 ( @entity910 ) program in the 1990s to improve primary care in Medicaid-insured populations. CCNC has been successful in improving @entity565 , @entity6 , and cardiovascular outcomes, but has not been evaluated in the context of @entity5 care. We sought to determine whether @entity910 enrollment was associated with guideline-concordant surveillance and follow-up care among @entity0 survivors. METHODS: Using state @entity5 registry records matched to Medicaid claims, we identified @entity1 ages 18-64 diagnosed with stage 0, I, or II @entity0 from 2003-2007 and tracked their CCNC enrollment. Using published American Society for Clinical Oncology @entity0 survivorship guidelines to define our outcomes, we employed multivariate logistic regressions to examine correlates of receipt of surveillance mammogram and at least two physical exams within 15 months post-diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 840 @entity1 were included in our sample. Approximately half were enrolled in a CCNC @entity910 during the study period, 38% were enrolled for more than 7 months post-diagnosis. Enrollment in a @entity910 for at least 7 months post-diagnosis was strongly associated with receiving guideline-recommended surveillance mammogram (p<0.01) and at least 2 physical exams (p<0.01) within 15 months post-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that @entity910 enrollment is associated with higher @entity0 survivorship care among @entity1 insured by Medicaid. Given the growing population of @entity5 survivors and increased emphasis on primary care @entity910 , more research is needed to explore how medical homes can enhance and ensure the provision of guideline-recommended care during @entity5 survivorship.

title: Guideline-concordant surveillance and follow-up care among low-income @entity1 with XXXX : The role of primary care medical homes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['quality breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'medical home']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical impact of a prophylactic treatment with sublingual immunostimulation in the prevention of recurrent @entity293 (rUTIs) with the use of antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study evaluating the medical records of 669 @entity1 with rUTIs; 339 had a 6-month prophylaxis with antibiotics and 360 a 3-month prophylaxis with a sublingual bacterial preparation (MV 140-Uromune  ). The time frame after the prophylaxis-period until the appearance of a new @entity281 (assessed by uroculture) was scored and followed during 1 year. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to treat (NNT) were also calculated. RESULTS: All @entity1 treated with antibiotics experienced a new UTI during the scoring period of 12 months, being 19 days the median number of days free of UTIs (range 5-300). In the group treated with the bacterial preparation, 35 (9.7%) @entity1 experienced an UTI in the same period. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing the accumulated survival (disease-free time) between both groups were significant different (P < 0.0001). The absolute risk reduction (ARR) was 90.28% (87.18-93.38) and the number needed to treat (NNT) 1.1 (1.1-1.1). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the treatment with this bacterial preparation significantly reduces the incidence of rUTIs, arising as an effective strategy to reduce the frequency of rUTIs. It reduces antibiotic consumption, matching the current recommendations due to the raise of antimicrobial resistance. Randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled, clinical trials are needed to establish, more accurately, the clinical impact of this bacterial preparation in @entity1 with rUTIs.

title: Comparison of sublingual therapeutic vaccine with antibiotics for the prophylaxis of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising noninvasive imaging technique for the micromorphology of the skin, OCT has not been studied systematically in @entity1489 such as @entity320 ( @entity320 ). OBJECTIVE: We sought to visualize and characterize @entity272 ( @entity272 ) by using OCT in vivo, compare OCT features of benign nevi (BN) and @entity320 , and histologically validate the OCT findings. METHODS: In all, 75 @entity1 with 92 @entity272 , including 52 BN and 40 @entity320 , were included in this study. @entity272 were investigated by OCT in vivo and consecutive histology. We compared the OCT images with the corresponding histologic slices of BN and @entity320 . To ascertain accuracy of correlation between OCT images and histologic sections, the excised lesions were tattooed according to the level of OCT scanning. For every @entity272 , serial histologic slices were prepared. RESULTS: @entity320 often showed a marked architectural disarray (P = .036) and rarely displayed a clear dermoepidermal border (P = .0031) when compared with BN. OCT of @entity320 infrequently demonstrated a dermoepidermal junction zone with finger-shaped elongated rete ridges as typically seen in BN (P = .011). Compared with BN, the papillary and superficial @entity2363 in @entity320 frequently displayed a more diffuse or patchy reflectivity with loss of the typical bright horizontal linear structures (P = .022). However, more or less large vertical, icicle-shaped structures were the most striking OCT feature of @entity320 , which were not observed in BN (P < .001). LIMITATIONS: The diagnostic performance of OCT in the diagnosis of @entity272 could not be fully determined. Sensitivity and specificity studies also including other @entity1489 have not been performed. CONCLUSION: In this study, distinct OCT features of @entity272 could be correlated to histopathologic findings. With regard to the micromorphologic features visualized by OCT, we detected significant differences between BN and @entity320 . These OCT features might serve as useful discriminating parameters of @entity272 .

title: Characterization of benign and malignant XXXX using optical coherence tomography in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MSL', 'melanocytic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular dermis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['melanocytic skin lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess early @entity731 using B-mode imaging of the carotid artery in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to evaluate the relationship between various risk factors and @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) in this population. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 and adolescents (aged 3-18 years) with uncomplicated @entity6 and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were examined. B-mode imaging was used to determine the @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) of the carotid artery in all subjects. @entity1 with @entity6 and control subjects were divided into two groups according to age and gender. Furthermore, duration of @entity3918 was considered for comparison. RESULTS: @entity1 and control subjects showed no association between @entity1004 and sex, systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), serum lipid levels or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, statistical analysis indicated a good correlation between age and carotid arterial wall thickness in both @entity6 and control groups. These findings were consistent with those in the literature. No correlation was found between @entity1004 and the duration of @entity3918 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is no association between @entity6 and @entity1004 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 .

title: Ultrasonic evaluation of early @entity731 in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal plus medial thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A recent report described a pattern of "reverse redistribution" on poststreptokinase 201Tl studies which was believed to be due to rapid washout of 201Tl from the @entity1188 area related to reperfusion of the @entity1188 vessel. We have also observed the phenomenon of rapid washout of 201Tl from the area of @entity1188 in the absence of thrombolytic therapy. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that rapid washout of 201Tl from an area of @entity1188 is an artifact of background subtraction usually employed in analysis of washout. A total of 61 @entity1 with previous @entity583 who underwent cardiac catheterization and exercise 201Tl imaging were examined. Thallium-201 images were analyzed using a validated quantitative method employing interpolative background correction. Abnormally increased 201Tl washout was noted in 11 @entity1188 segments in 10 (18%) @entity1 . @entity1188 with rapid washout had significantly less initial uptake, and more severe associated wall motion abnormalities than @entity1188 segments with normal washout. When quantitative analysis was repeated without background subtraction, no segments with rapid washout were observed. A phantom model was constructed to further test our hypothesis. The frequency of observed rapid washout was directly related to the severity of the initial defect and was entirely dependent upon utilizing background correction during the quantitative analysis. Our study suggests that rapid washout of 201Tl in an area of previous @entity1188 reflects an artifact of background subtraction involved with standard quantitative analysis.

title: Fast washout of thallium-201 from area of XXXX : possible artifact of background subtraction.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct segments', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this article was to report the prevalence of @entity2516 , mainly @entity1714 , among 12- to 13-year-old @entity1 in a metropolitan setting in Mexico. METHODS: A total of 1035 schoolchildren were examined in a field study in Monterrey, Mexico. The examination included best-corrected visual acuity and refraction during cycloplegia. A sample of the @entity1 was sent to a pediatric eye clinic and underwent cycloplegic refraction with an autorefractor. RESULTS: We found a prevalence of @entity1714 (>/=-0.5 D SE) of 44%, whereas @entity1714 was present in 37% of the @entity1 . In the total sample, high @entity1714 (>/=-5D) was found in 1.4%. The prevalence of @entity1714 was significantly higher in @entity1 . Only 20% of @entity1 with @entity1714 used prescription glasses; 8% had prescribed glasses, but did not use them. @entity3467 (>/ @entity12840 ) was present in 6.0% of the total population, and @entity940 (>/=-1.5 D) was present in 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1714 among 12- to 13-year-old @entity1 in Mexico is high. The majority of cases are low grade, and a large number of the myopic @entity1 do not have, or do not use, prescription glasses.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among 12- to 13-year-old schoolchildren in northern Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-based local drug delivery at the site of stent implantation has been proposed to reduce in-stent restenosis. We examined whether local delivery itself may cause additional vessel wall injury and negate the potential benefit of local drug delivery in a porcine coronary in-stent restenosis model. METHODS: @entity1707 were randomly assigned to no local delivery (controls, n = 10) or local saline infusion (5 ml) using commercially available catheters (n = 39; Dispatch catheter, Microporous Infusion catheter, and InfusaSleeve) prior to oversized (stent:artery ratio 1.2) coronary stent implantation. The amount of in-stent @entity8233 was evaluated 4 weeks later with angiography and histology. RESULTS: There was no difference in vessel size or stent: artery ratio. However, at follow-up the local saline delivery group had significantly greater diameter stenosis (50 +/- 19% versus 25 +/- 17% in the controls, P < 0.01). Histology revealed similar injury scores but significantly greater neointimal area in the local saline group (3.61 +/- 1.11 mm2 versus 1.96 +/- 0.82 mm2 in the controls, P < 0.01). In a multivariate linear regression analysis, the use of the local delivery catheter was the only independent variable which was positively correlated with the amount of @entity8233 (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this in-stent restenosis model, catheter-based local saline delivery was associated with significantly @entity1373 . Thus, for local drug delivery to reduce in-stent restenosis, the antiproliferative agent should be potent enough to compensate for the additional neointimal @entity1373 from the infusion itself.

title: Saline infusion via local drug delivery catheters is associated with XXXX in a porcine coronary in-stent restenosis model.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'increased neointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['increased neointimal hyperplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) effectively treats monomorphic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). The @entity1165 may cease immediately upon @entity855 completion (type-1 break), or it may persist or change to another @entity591 for one or more beats before termination (type-2 break). We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of type-2 breaks in @entity1479 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed @entity1165 episodes with stored electrograms that had at least one @entity855 therapy delivered in PainFREE Rx trial, a multicenter trial with 220 @entity453 @entity1 . Further subanalysis was performed by classifying the @entity1165 as slow or fast based on the cycle length (CL); slow @entity1165 : CL >320 ms, fast @entity1165 : 240 < or =CL < or =320 ms. To assess the effect of @entity855 on @entity1165 , comparison was performed of pre- @entity855 and post- @entity855 CL variability, average CL, and morphology. A total of 514 episodes (264 slow @entity1165 and 250 fast @entity1165 ) were analyzed. The burst @entity855 terminated 457 (89%; 239 slow @entity1165 and 218 fast @entity1165 ) of 514 episodes. Forty five (10%) episodes in 18 (32%) @entity1 had type-2 breaks. The mean number of beats during type-2 breaks was 5.4 +/- 3.1 (median 4). The mean time for episode termination measured from the end of @entity855 to return of first sinus/paced beat was 2.9 +/- 1.2 seconds (median 2.6). The @entity1165 CL variability increased by 150% after @entity855 delivery. The @entity855 affected either @entity1165 CL or morphology, or both of 36 (80%) type-2 breaks (9% accelerated, 47% decelerated, 22% changed in morphology only). Among the 9 (20%) episodes that remained unchanged in morphology and CL, four episodes (9%) were unaffected by @entity855 . CONCLUSION: Approximately 10% of @entity1165 episodes that were successfully terminated with burst @entity855 therapy had type-2 breaks. Type-2 breaks are associated with an increase in CL variability. Approximately 9% of all type-2 episodes may be spontaneously terminating nonsustained @entity1165 given that @entity855 did not affect these episodes in any way.

title: Incidence and characteristics of type-2 breaks in response to antitachycardia pacing therapy in implantable cardioverter defibrillator XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The spinal and vagal visceral innervation to the gastrointestinal tract contains mechanosensitive afferents that are activated by contraction, distension of smooth muscle or movement in the receptive field. The mechanism by which free nerve endings detect changes in smooth muscle tension is not clear. The present study investigated the effects of mechanical stimulation on dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Neurons were cultured using standard techniques and used in experiments after 24-72 h. Intracellular @entity460 [ @entity141 ]i was visualized using a video microscopic technique (Attoflour) in @entity593 loaded neurons. DRG neurons innervating the stomach or colon were identified by the presence of a retrograde tracer, dextran-conjugated @entity18523 , injected into the visceral wall 14-28 days previously. Increases in [ @entity141 ]i were measured in response to transient (0.5 s) mechanical stimulation of the cell soma using a flame polished probe. Approximately 25% of the whole population of DRG neurons (n = 199) were mechanosensitive, showing a transient rise in [ @entity141 ]i. In labeled afferents (n = 12), approximately 40% of neurons were mechanosensitive. The increase in [ @entity141 ]i in response to mechanical stimulation was reduced (100 microM) or abolished (250 microM) by superfusion with @entity2287 or by removal of extracellular @entity460 . Cell somata of visceral spinal afferents show a stretch-sensitive @entity460 flux that may be involved in sensory transduction of mechanical stimuli that lead to autonomic and sensory reflexes.

title: Involvement of stretch-sensitive XXXX flux in mechanical transduction in visceral afferents.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: 1. An 'atypical' 5-HT2 receptor which is located on the endothelium of @entity35 jugular vein has been described. In the present study we have further defined the nature of the 5-HT2 receptor subtype present in this preparation. 2. In experiments conducted in the presence of @entity6009 to preclude involvement of 5-HT2 receptors, the mixed @entity56574 /2C antagonist, @entity13012 , acted as an antagonist of @entity750 at the endothelial @entity750 receptor (pA2 = 7.2). @entity3160 , which exhibits negligible affinity for @entity35 5-HT2C receptors but has high @entity56574 receptor affinity, acted as a potent but non-surmountable antagonist (pA2 > or = 7.3) in @entity35 jugular vein. Neither @entity3160 nor @entity13012 affected endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by @entity5402 . 3. @entity5079 also acted as a surmountable antagonist (pA2 = 7.3) and the @entity56574 agonist, BW 723C86, acted as a potent partial agonist (pEC50 [95% C L], intrinsic activity +/- s.e. mean = 7.9 [7.6-8.3], 0.84 +/- 0.04). Responses to BW 723C86 were antagonized by @entity13012 (0.3 microM) yielding an 'apparent' pA2 [95% CL] of 7.03 [6.76-7.32]. 4. These data are consistent with the presence of @entity56574 receptors mediating endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity35 jugular vein.

title: Mediation by 5-hydroxytryptamine2B receptors of endothelium-dependent relaxation in XXXX jugular vein.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['Mianserin']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: If internal @entity547 account for less than 1% of the causes of @entity1321 (PMH) represent 50% of the 500 published as of the year 2000. Despite their congenital character, they are diagnosed more frequently in adulthood, with a mean age of 38 years at diagnosis. In the last few years, diagnoses are being made earlier. With the goal of increased early diagnosis and decreased mortality associated with these internal @entity547 , the authors report on 3 young @entity1 with PMH. METHODS: Three cases of paramesocolic @entity547 are reported, 2 right (RPMH) and 1 left (LPMH). They all had a history of symptoms of recurrent @entity490 of variable frequency and intensity but of sufficient importance to justify previous diagnostic studies. The 2 @entity1 with RPMH, a 3-year-old @entity1 and a 17-year-old @entity1 , presented symptoms of @entity1321 and had @entity39 of the small intestine leading to @entity5277 . The LPMH @entity1 , a 13-year-old @entity1 , suffered recurrent @entity490 from the age of 3. Gastroesophageal reflux was diagnosed, and surgery was performed at the age of 4 years. A laparoscopy at 13 years of age found no pathology. A new upper gastrointestinal tract series found retroperitoneal and paraduodenal jejunum incarceration, partially obstructing the duodenum. During surgery, the adhered jejunal section was restored intraperitoneally, and the open Treitz arch was closed. The authors have not found the anatomic characteristics of this case in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Delays and errors in PMH diagnosis may result in irreparable damage. Differential diagnosis workups of @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 should always include PMH.

title: Paramesocolic XXXX : consequences of delayed diagnosis. Report of three new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'intestinal obstruction, the paraduodenal or paramesocolic hernias']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short-bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 generates a high impact on morbidity, hospital stay, and costs. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficiency and safety of chewing gum to decrease postoperative ileus in colorectal surgery. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was performed including 64 @entity1 who underwent elective colorectal surgery with primary @entity254 in a tertiary referral center. @entity1 were divided in two groups: (i) A: gum chewing group (n = 32), and (ii) B: @entity1 who had standard postoperative recovery (n = 32). RESULTS: @entity86 was observed in 6% (2/32) of the gum-chewing group and in 21.8% (7/32) in the standard postoperative recovery group, with an odds ratio of 0.167 (95% CI: 0.37-0.75; p = 0.006). Vomiting was present in two @entity1 from group A and in eight from group B (6.25 vs. 25.0%; p = 0.03). Passage of flatus within the first 48 hours was present in 30 @entity1 from group A and in 20 from group B (94 vs. 63%; p = 0.002). There was earlier oral feeding (96    53 vs. 117    65 hours; p= 0.164) and a shorter length of hospital stay (7    5 vs. 9    5 days; p= 0.26) in the gum-chewing group (p N.S.). CONCLUSIONS: The use of chewing gum after colorectal surgery was associated with less @entity1209 , and with an increased passage of flatus within the first 48 hours after surgery. Since gum chewing is an inexpensive procedure and is not associated with higher morbidity, it can be safely used for a faster postoperative recovery in elective colorectal surgery.

title: Usefulness of Gum Chewing to Decrease @entity86 in Colorectal Surgery with Primary XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus and vomiting']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: A novel, colon-targeted delivery system (CODES), which uses @entity11884 , was investigated in this study. @entity11884 is not absorbed in the upper GI tract, but degraded to organic acids by enterobacteria in the lower gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon. A CODES consists of three components: a core containing @entity11884 and the drug, an inner acid-soluble material layer, and an outer layer of an enterosoluble material. When a CODES containing a pigment was introduced into the @entity35 cecum directly after shaking in JP 2nd fluid for 3 h, pigment release was observed 1 h after introduction. A CODES containing @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) was orally administered to fasting and fed @entity235 to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profiles. @entity3504 was first detected in plasma after 3 h, which is the reported colon arrival time for indigestible solids, after dosing to fasting @entity235 . The T(max) in fed @entity235 was delayed by 9 h when compared to fasting @entity235 . This corresponds to the gastric emptying time. However, the C(max) and AUC under fed conditions were almost as same as those under fasting conditions. The results of this study show that @entity11884 can act as a trigger for drug release in the colon, utilizing the action of enterobacteria.

title: Studies on XXXX formulations for colon-specific drug delivery.

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose', 'Lactulose']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

answer: @entity11884 :: (MESH:D007792,Chemical) :: ['lactulose']


abstract: A potential clinical and etiological overlap between @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) has long been a subject of discussion. Imaging studies imply functional and structural alterations of the hippocampus in both diseases. Thus, imaging this core memory region could provide insight into the pathophysiology of these disorders and the associated @entity73 . To examine possible shared alterations in the hippocampus, we conducted a multi-modal assessment, including functional and structural imaging as well as neurobehavioral measures of memory performance in @entity162 and @entity161 @entity1 compared with healthy controls. We assessed episodic memory performance, using tests of @entity227 (HVLT, BVMT) in three groups of @entity1 : @entity162 @entity1 (n = 21), @entity161 @entity1 (n = 21) and matched (age, gender, education) healthy control subjects (n = 21). In addition, we examined hippocampal resting state functional connectivity, hippocampal volume using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and fibre integrity of hippocampal connections using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We found @entity2414 , changes in functional connectivity within the hippocampal network as well as volumetric reductions and altered white matter fibre integrity across @entity1 groups in comparison with controls. However, @entity161 @entity1 when directly compared with @entity162 @entity1 were more severely affected in several of the assessed parameters (verbal learning, left hippocampal volumes, mean diffusivity of bilateral cingulum and right uncinated fasciculus). The results of our study suggest a graded expression of @entity4207 accompanied by structural alterations within the hippocampus in @entity162 @entity1 and @entity161 @entity1 , with @entity161 @entity1 being more strongly affected. Our findings imply that these two disorders may share some common pathophysiological mechanisms. The results could thus help to further advance and integrate current pathophysiological models of @entity161 and @entity162 .

title: Multimodal assessments of the hippocampal formation in @entity161 and XXXX : evidences from neurobehavioral measures and functional and structural MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['verbal and visual learning']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['verbal learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: di @entity35607 ( @entity5248 ) is widely used in the plastic industry and can induce reproductive @entity137 . On the other hand, @entity6211 (LC) plays a crucial role in sperm metabolism and maturation. This study evaluates the effect of LC on body and testis weight, testis tissue, count, motility, viability, morphology, and chromatin quality of epididymal sperm, @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ) per gram testis and daily sperm production (DSP) in LC-treated @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY, ADULT MALE NMRI @entity19 (MEAN AGE: 4 weeks) were given doses of @entity5248 and LC by gavaging for 2 weeks. All samples were assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Sperm morphology was assessed using Papanicolaou staining and sperm chromatin quality by @entity9308 -blue staining. The left testes were fixed in Bouin   solution for histological examination and the end slices were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E). The right testes were homogenized, and then @entity10523 and DSP were calculated with an improved Neubauer haemocytometer and respective frames. Paired t-test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized for data analysis. RESULTS: Co-administration of @entity5248 and LC not only prevented significant gains in testicular weight, but also maintained the sperm's normal morphology and chromatin quality (p<0.05). In addition, LC recovered histological changes, @entity10523 , DSP, and sperm count. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that oral administration of LC partially or generally protects spermatogenesis from @entity5248 - @entity137 in @entity19 .

title: Prevention of di @entity35607 -induced Testicular Disturbance in XXXX by Co-administration of @entity6211 .

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['TSN', 'testicular spermatid number']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity35607 :: ('CHEBI:17243', 'Chemical') :: ['(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Having reliable forecasts is critical now for producers, @entity311 -endemic countries and agencies in order to adapt production and procurement of the @entity507 -based combination treatments (ACTs), the new first-line treatments of @entity311 . There is no ideal method to quantify drug requirements for @entity311 . Morbidity data give uncertain estimations. This study uses drug consumption to provide elements to help estimate quantities and financial requirements of ACTs. METHODS: The consumption of @entity503 , @entity16945 / @entity4765 and @entity4807 both through the private and public sector was assessed in five sub-Saharan Africa countries with different epidemiological patterns (Senegal, Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe). From these data the number of adult treatments per capita was calculated and the volumes and financial implications derived for the whole of Africa. RESULTS: Identifying and obtaining data from the private sector was difficult. The quality of information on drug supply and distribution in countries must be improved. The number of adult treatments per capita and per year in the five countries ranged from 0.18 to 0.50. Current adult treatment prices for ACTs range US  1-1.8. Taking the upper range for both volumes and costs, the highest number of adult treatments consumed for Africa was estimated at 314.5 million, corresponding to an overall maximum annual need for financing ACT procurement of US  566.1 million. In reality, both the number of cases treated and the cost of treatment are likely to be lower (projections for the lowest consumption estimate with the least expensive ACT would require US   113 million per annum). There were substantial variations in the market share between public and private sources among these countries (the public sector share ranging from 98% in Rwanda to 33% in Tanzania). CONCLUSION: Additional studies are required to build a more robust methodology, and to assess current consumptions more accurately in order to better quantify volumes and finances for production and procurement of ACTs.

title: Estimating antimalarial drugs consumption in Africa before the switch to XXXX -based combination therapies (ACTs).

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['artemisinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluating the source of @entity299 is one of the most frequent reasons for cardiac consultation. METHODS: In 2003, 99 @entity1 were referred for the evaluation of the source of @entity299 . Evaluation included history, physical examination, ECG, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with contrast and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography. RESULTS: Altogether, 58 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 were studied. In 32 @entity1 a possible source of the @entity299 was found. Two @entity1 were in @entity955 . Of the @entity1 , 16 had a @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) and six @entity1 a @entity4616 and @entity439 ( @entity439 ). Two @entity1 had a @entity715 in the left @entity955 and 14 had severe @entity731 in the aortic arch. In eight @entity1 we found two possible cardiac sources of @entity887 . 24-hour Holter recording did not detect any @entity943 . CONCLUSION: A possible cardiac source of @entity887 was found in 32% of the @entity1 referred. TOE is the ideal tool to visualise the interatrial septum, left @entity955 and aortic arch. We advise performing a TOE with contrast in young @entity64 @entity1 and in older @entity1 with a @entity64 likely to be caused by an @entity887 of cardiac origin. 24-hour Holter recording did not detect any @entity943 and should only be done in selected cases.

title: Evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['emboligenic arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum aneurysm', 'ASA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial appendage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac embolism', 'cardiac emboli']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale', 'PFO']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac emboli source']