abstract: The four alternatives discussed in the previous paper (5), are applied to a number of @entity778 which are common in @entity1707 . The enzootic state of @entity778 and parvovirus should be promoted by bringing the young gilts into close contact with the older sow population at a sufficiently early stage. There should preferably not be a change of herd for primiparous sows during pregnancy. In @entity8543 , maternal immunity may be so prolonged that gilts will only be infected after the time of breeding. Therefore, mating should preferably be postponed until they are nine months of age, unless previous serological tests have shown that they are in a state of active immunity. Considering the present disease situation of @entity1707 @entity221 in several continental West European countries and consequently they high number of existing virus sources, compulsory vaccination of sows and fattening piglets is recommended against this virus on an international scale for at least three years. This vaccination can be omitted only after the number of outbreaks has been reduced to a very low level. Vaccination is the only possible alternative left in the combat against @entity195 . Caution is undoubtedly indicated in using live vaccines in these cases. So far, methods have not become available for the effective control of transmissible @entity1902 and prospects are not encouraging. The possibility of eradication of transmissible @entity1902 is discussed.

title: [Possible methods of control of virus disease in XXXX today and in the future. II. Specific applications (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['SMEDI enteroviruses, vomiting and wasting virus', 'virus infections']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Aujezky's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8543 :: ('MESH:D010322', 'Disease') :: ['parvovirus infection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of parental histories of @entity65 factors on risk factor clusters (RFC) in representative samples from three French populations (MONICA centers of Lille, Strasbourg, Toulouse). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a representative cross-sectional study, we screened 1,291 males and 1,264 females, aged 35-64 years. Subjects were defined as RFC cases when they were affected by at least 2 disorders among, @entity101 (systolic or diastolic blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive drug), @entity6 (physician-diagnosed @entity6 and/or glycemia >=7.0 mmol/l and/or hypoglycemic drug), and dyslipidemia ( @entity1674 > 2.26 mmol/l and/or HDL- @entity165 <0.9 mmol/l in @entity1 and<1.2 mmol/l in @entity1 ). Nineteen percent of the subjects were RFC cases. Parental histories of @entity65 factors ( @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity407 ) were positive if they were under 65. About 29% of the subjects had at least one parental history of risk factor. RESULTS: After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, sedentary lifestyle, @entity167 consumption, body mass index, LDL @entity165 and center, parental histories of @entity65 factors were significantly associated with the RFC. One, two, or at least three parental histories were significantly associated with increased odds of being RFC cases (adjusted OR 1.39 95% CI [1.05-1.82], 2.90 95% CI [1.91-4.40], 2.93 95% CI [1.41-6.08]). Furthermore, a maternal-only history vs a paternal-only history of @entity101 or @entity6 was associated with strong odds of being an RFC case. CONCLUSION: At least a single @entity65 factor in parents was significantly associated with RFC in offspring, independently of environmental parameters.

title: Influence of parental histories of XXXX factors on risk factor clusters in the offspring.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: The release of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) has been demonstrated from the infiltrating T lymphocytes of the thyroid gland from @entity1 with @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). We have shown previously that @entity379 inhibited @entity3745 (Tg) gene transcription, and that its action was mediated by an increase in intracellular @entity460 and @entity7256 . In the present study, we tried to determine the specific site of action of @entity379 on the Tg gene. A 565 bp fragment (position -530 to +34) spanning the transcriptional start site of the @entity1 @entity3745 promoter was ligated to the luciferase plasmid and transiently transfected into @entity1 thyrocytes. Stimulation with TSH (10 mIU/l) and @entity379 (500 IU/l) resulted in a twofold increase and a 60% reduction in the luciferase activity respectively, similar to the effect observed with the endogenous @entity3745 gene. Deletion studies revealed that the region with the strongest suppression by @entity379 lay between 5' -388 to -258. Mobility gel shift experiments and DNA footprinting experiments demonstrated that the action of @entity379 was mediated through a trans-acting protein which complexed to position -282 to -262 TTGAGCCTGTTCCCTC CAAA. Position -272 to -261 TTCCCTCCAA corresponded to the gamma-interferon activation site (GAS) consensus sequence TTNC(C)T NNNA. The turnover time of the nuclear protein lasted for only 4 h although the suppressive effect of @entity379 on @entity3745 gene transcription lasted for 48 h. The effect of @entity379 was lost when the thyrocytes were co-treated with @entity670 , a specific @entity669 kinase inhibitor. The presence of the GAS in the promoter sequence of the @entity3745 gene confirms the specific action of @entity379 in thyroid hormone metabolism. In conclusion, apart from its regulatory role in T cell development and perpetuation of the immune response in @entity1669 , @entity379 may also play a role in altering cellular function of the thyrocytes by its action on the Tg gene promoter.

title: Gamma-interferon activates a nuclear protein that binds to the gamma-interferon activation site of the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7256 :: ('MESH:D007295', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphates']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define multimolecular phenotypes of @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) and to correlate outcome with morphologic and molecular parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical data were analyzed for 124 @entity1 , histopathologic slides for 67 @entity5 , and tissue specimens for 74 @entity1 (38 primary and 36 @entity3 ) with @entity1636 and for 38 normal adrenal tissue samples. Molecular expression profiles were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of 12 gross and histologic parameters in 67 primary ACCs was evaluated. Morphologic and protein expression patterns were correlated with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Univariate influence of prognostic factors on @entity66 was analyzed by log-rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox regression. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Significant predictors of @entity66 included distant @entity3 at time of initial presentation; venous, capsular, and adjacent organ invasion; @entity5 necrosis, mitotic rate, atypical mitosis, and @entity7465 overexpression. Five-year @entity66 by number (one to six) of adverse histologic parameters was as follows: one to two, 84%; three to four, 37%; more than four, 9% (P =.005). The phenotype Ki-67(-) @entity876 (-) @entity7465 (+)cyclinD1(-) @entity588 (-) @entity3544 (-) @entity5438 (+) was observed in 83% of normal and 3% of malignant adrenal tissue (P =.01). Molecular phenotypic expression was more heterogeneous in malignant than in normal (10 v five phenotypes) adrenal tissue. CONCLUSION: Meticulous morphologic evaluation, mitotic count, and @entity5 stage are essential in determining prognosis for @entity1 with @entity1636 . Multimolecular phenotyping demonstrates that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity of these @entity5 are such that targeted therapy needs to be @entity1 specific.

title: XXXX : clinical, morphologic, and molecular characterization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Basilar @entity438 continue to generate technical challenges and management controversy. Endovascular intervention is becoming the mainstay in the management of these formidable @entity439 , but it has limitations, especially with large/giant or wide neck basilar apex @entity439 . There is paucity of data in the available literature pertaining to the successful management of large/giant, wide neck, and calcified/thrombosed basilar apex @entity439 . We present our experience with consecutively operated complex basilar apex @entity439 so as to present the role of microneurosurgery as a viable management option for these @entity439 . METHODS: Ours is a retrospective analysis of case-records for operated cases of basilar @entity438 spanning 18 years. Basilar apex @entity439 >10 cm, calcified or thrombosed, neck >= 4 mm posterior direction, and retro/subsellar were considered as complex anatomy @entity439 . Basilar apex @entity439 with favorable anatomy were included in the study as a reference group for statistical analysis. @entity1 demographics, complex features of @entity439 , clinical grade, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 33 (53.2%) @entity1 had complex anatomy: large (>10 mm) in eight (24.2%); @entity439 (>25 mm) in seven (21.2%); wide-neck in 22 (66.7%); and calcified/thrombosed morphology in five (15.1%). The mean age was 48.5 years, and 22 (66.67%) were @entity1 . All @entity439 were clipped by the use of various skull base approaches. A total of 71.9% of @entity1 harboring complex @entity439 had good outcomes. If only unruptured and good grade complex @entity439 also are considered, then 86.9% (n = 20) @entity1 had good outcomes. Statistically there was no significant difference in the outcomes of complex and noncomplex @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: Although concerning, the management of large/giant, wide neck, and calcified/thrombosed @entity439 with microneurosurgery is still a competitive alternative to endovascular therapy. After careful selection of appropriate skull base approaches based on the complexity of the basilar apex @entity439 , microneurosurgery can achieve acceptable results.

title: Microsurgical management of basilar XXXX : a single surgeon's experience from Louisiana State University, Shreveport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery apex aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery apex aneurysms']


abstract: @entity2955 treatments which preferentially depleted either @entity1063 or @entity935 were used to define the importance of these transmitter systems in the behavioral alterations produced by @entity2922 synthesis inhibitors and @entity2254 on self-stimulation of the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. After chronic reduction of brain @entity935 , an acute @entity308 of self-stimulation of both the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra occurred. Preferential depletion of @entity1063 with @entity2955 did not result in a significant decrease in self-stimulation of locus coeruleus or substantia nigra. However, a dose of @entity8490 wihch had no effect in control @entity35 or in @entity35 with brain @entity1063 depleted caused a significant reduction in responding at both electrode placements in animals depleted of brain @entity935 . Administration of @entity47992 affected neither substantia nigra nor locus coeruleus self-stimulation, even though it produced an additional 70% depletion of @entity1063 . When @entity2254 was given to @entity2955 -treated @entity35 , the facilitation of self-stimulation produced by this compound was significantly attenuated in @entity35 with prior depletion of brain @entity935 . Depletion of brain @entity1063 did not affect the actions of @entity2254 on self-stimulation. In other experiments, the actions of @entity2254 to increase self-stimulation of animals pretreated with @entity2515 was found to be antagonized by @entity8490 but not by U-14,624. Results suggest that drugs can alter self-stimulation of a site in brain anatomically associated with noradrenergic neural pathways and self-stimulation of a site primarily associated with dopaminergic pathways in a similar manner. These data also provided evidence for the involvement of @entity935 fibers in the pharmacological actions of @entity2254 , @entity2515 and @entity8490 .

title: Effects of @entity2922 depleting drugs and XXXX on self-stimulation of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine', 'd-amphetamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Hydroxydopamine', '6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyltyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['d-amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2794 , @entity148 and @entity308 - the major disorders of the brain - are highly comorbid in the western world. Whether this is so in South Asia has not been investigated, but the question is of public-health importance to countries in the region. We aimed to investigate associations, and their direction(s), between @entity2794 ( @entity2704 , @entity2701 [ @entity2701 ] and @entity10 on >= 15 days/month) and @entity146 manifestations ( @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity663 ), and how these might affect quality of life (QoL). METHODS: In a nationwide, cross-sectional survey of the adult Nepalese population (N   =   2100), trained interviewers applied: 1) a culturally-adapted version of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire to diagnose @entity2794 ; 2) a validated Nepali version of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) to detect @entity148 (HADS-A), @entity308 (HADS-D) and comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 (HADS-cAD); 3) a validated Nepali version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form-Neuroticism (EPQRS-N); and 4) the World Health Organization Quality of Life 8-question scale (WHOQOL-8). Associations with @entity10 types were analysed using logistic regression for @entity146 caseness and linear regression for @entity663 . Adjustments were made for age, gender, household consumption, habitat, altitude and use of @entity285 and @entity16349 . RESULTS: HADS-A was associated with any @entity10 (p   =   0.024), most strongly @entity10 on >= 15 days/month (AOR   =   3.2) followed by @entity2704 (AOR   =   1.7). HADS-cAD was also associated with any @entity10 (p   =   0.050, more strongly among females than males [p   =   0.047]) and again most strongly with @entity10 on >= 15 days/month (AOR   =   2.7), then @entity2704 (AOR   =   2.3). Likewise, @entity663 was associated with any @entity10 (p   <   0.001), most strongly with @entity10 on >= 15 days/month (B   =   1.6), followed by @entity2704 (B   =   1.3). No associations were found between HADS-D and any @entity10 type, or between @entity2701 and any @entity146 manifestation. Psychiatric caseness of any sort, when comorbid with @entity2704 or @entity2701 , aggravated the negative impact on QoL (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity2794 are highly comorbid with @entity148 and show associations with @entity663 in Nepal, with negative consequences for QoL. These findings call for reciprocal awareness, and a holistic coordinated approach to management and in the health service. Care for common @entity10 and common @entity146 disorders should be integrated in primary care.

title: Comorbidities of @entity146 and XXXX in Nepal: implications from a nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache disorders', 'headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache', 'TTH']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['headache disorders']


abstract: Class I antiarrhythmic drugs may increase the incidence of @entity204 , and controlled treatment is required in @entity1 with severe @entity943 . Electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic therapy remains an important method to manage @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlations between baseline heart rate variability in ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings of @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 and the response to @entity9337 on @entity1165 inducibility, and to look for the changes in heart rate variability during @entity9337 treatment. Thirty-five @entity1 with spontaneous and inducible sustained @entity1165 were studied. Programmed ventricular stimulation and time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability were studied in the control state and 9-12 days after treatment with 300-600 mg of @entity9337 . In 11 @entity1 (group I), @entity9337 prevented @entity1165 induction. In 24 @entity1 (group II), sustained @entity1165 remained inducible during treatment with @entity9337 . In the control state, heart rate variability was similar in both groups. During treatment with @entity9337 , heart rate variability tended to decrease in groups I and II, but the changes were significant only in group II: the coefficient of variance (CV) decreased from 13 +/- 4% to 10% +/- 3% (p < 0.01) and low frequency/high frequency amplitude ratio decreased from 4.6 +/- 3.3 to 2.87 +/- 2.42 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, baseline heart rate variability does not differentiate the responders and nonresponders to @entity9337 . @entity9337 decreases heart rate variability in all @entity1 , but principally in those with still inducible @entity1165 .

title: Relationships between heart rate variability and antiarrhythmic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity9337 :: ('MESH:C014486', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinidine', 'Hydroquinidine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity9337 :: (MESH:C014486,Chemical) :: ['hydroquinidine']


abstract: Recurrent @entity697 occurs during the first several years of life in approximately 20 to 30% of the pediatric population. A clinical challenge closely related to recurrent @entity2172 is persistent @entity2172 , manifested by persistence during antimicrobial therapy of symptoms and signs of @entity2172 (treatment failure) and/or relapse of @entity697 within 1 month of completion of antibiotic therapy. Recurrent and persistent @entity2172 are early childhood problems with identifiable risk factors. Differentiation of these @entity281 media with effusion is important in avoiding misdiagnosis and overtreatment with antibiotics. The predominant pathogens of recurrent and persistent @entity697 are antibiotic-resistant @entity328 and beta-lactamase-producing @entity327 . A working group convened by the Centers for Disease Control recommended three antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent and persistent @entity697 : (1) @entity115 / @entity798 in combination with @entity115 (high dose @entity115 regimen, 80 to 90 mg/kg/day); (2) @entity9127 (standard dose, 30 mg/kg/day); and (3) @entity2756 (possibly requiring up to three injections to optimize clinical success). Other antibiotics were considered suboptimal or had accumulated insufficient data upon which to base a judgment. Conclusions. Optimal management of recurrent and persistent @entity697 is a clinical challenge. Accurate diagnosis of @entity697 is the first step in optimal management. Selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy should take into account the major pathogens ( @entity2260 , @entity327 and @entity6729 ) and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance.

title: Recurrent and persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media', 'middle ear infection', 'otitis media infections']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections from otitis']

entities_list: @entity9127 :: ('MESH:C040738', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime axetil']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['otitis media']


abstract: @entity32 is a well recognized risk factor for @entity5 and @entity1 with long-standing @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are at an increased risk for @entity14 development. In order to prevent @entity31 associated @entity105 , we tested the effects of @entity8580 compounds (including @entity8580 and @entity10102 ) on @entity31 -associated @entity105 in our novel @entity19 model. Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were subjected to long-term, cyclic dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS) treatment and fed a 2-fold @entity68 -enriched diet. The @entity8580 compounds were administered via the drinking fluid. In the DSS-plus-2-fold iron positive control group, @entity14 incidence was 70.6% (24/34 @entity19 ) after 15 cycles of DSS treatment (1 DSS cycle=7 day DSS treatment period followed by a 10 day recovery period). @entity5 multiplicity was 1.26+/-1.05 and @entity5 volume was 21.4+/-5.2 mm3. Adding 1% @entity8580 , @entity5 incidence was statistically significantly reduced (42%, 9 of 21 @entity19 with @entity5 ), as was @entity5 multiplicity (0.5+/-0.7) and @entity5 volume (4.2+/-1.9 mm3). Administration of @entity10102 noticeably reduced @entity5 incidence (50%, 12 @entity19 with @entity5 out of 24 total), @entity5 multiplicity (0.8+/-0.9) and @entity5 volume (12.3+/-4.1 mm3); however, the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Further mechanistic studies showed that the inhibition of @entity31 -associated @entity105 by @entity8580 compounds might relate to their function on the modulation of macrophage mediated @entity32 , nitro-oxidative stress and cell proliferation in @entity31 -associated @entity105 . This study indicates that @entity8580 compounds may have the potential to serve as preventive agents for chronic @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of chronic XXXX associated adenocarcinoma development in @entity19 by @entity8580 compounds.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammation-carcinogenesis', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity10102 :: ('MESH:D010833', 'Chemical') :: ['hexaphosphate inositol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity19415 has been increasingly successful as diagnoses are made earlier. The authors investigated features of the disease and prognosis in a consecutive series of 15 @entity1 who were treated within 1 month of initial symptoms. METHODS: A database of @entity1 with @entity281 presenting between March 1984 and March 1992 was analyzed. The recognition, presenting features, culture methods, results, and treatment of the early cases were reviewed to determine the reasons for a good outcome. RESULTS: Recognition depended on perineural infiltrates (11/15), @entity1596 (10/15), limbitis (14/15), and infiltrated epithelium; 6 of 15 @entity1 had epithelial defects, but only 3 of 15 had ring infiltrates or @entity1066 . Epithelial biopsy was culture-positive in 12 of 15 @entity1 . Most (11/15) @entity1 needed only two anti-amebal drugs. One @entity1 only required penetrating keratoplasty for uncontrolled disease. The final visual acuity was at least 6/12 in all @entity1 who had been treated within 1 month of first symptoms, whereas only 17 (53%) of 32 eyes of @entity1 who presented after 1 month achieved a visual acuity of 6/12. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle diagnostic signs, supported by comprehensive microbiologic investigation, justify the immediate instigation of specific antiamebal therapy. Treatment within 1 month of onset results in a lower morbidity and a good visual outcome.

title: XXXX . The value of early diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba infection']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current indications for percutaneous @entity338 (PPVI) are limited to @entity1 who had their outflow tracts repaired with the use of a "full" condui-homograft. @entity1 after a patch repair are believed to have an unfavorable anatomy for PPVI. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a novel use of Edwards SAPIEN(TM) valve for percutaneous treatment of moderate and severe @entity338 after @entity215 ( @entity215 ) repair with a right ventricular outflow (RVOT) patch. METHODS: PPVI was intended in 10 @entity1 (age 21-39 years, 2    ) with regurgitant fraction of 30-59%, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) 16-30 years after repair with a RVOT patch. Balloon test-inflations were used for definitive measurements and location of the landing site for the valve. All RVOTs were prestented. RESULTS: Successful valve implantation was achieved in nine @entity1 . In one @entity1 a bare-metal stent used for prestenting @entity1151 . A 26-mm valve was implanted in seven and a 23-mm in two @entity1 . CMRI at 1-2 month follow-up (n   =   8) demonstrated both, sustained relief of @entity358 (regurgitant fraction   =   0-14%) and significant decrease of the right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexes (from 169.9        43.8 to 140.0        40.3 ml/m(2) , P   <   0.001). At that follow-up no adverse event occurred. No stent @entity174 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case series of @entity1 with significant PR after a RVOT patch repair, successfully treated with a percutaneous Edwards SAPIEN(TM) valve implantation. The procedure is technically feasible and may be offered to @entity1 with the outflow tracts larger than those limited by the Melody(  ) system available currently.

title: Percutaneous Edwards SAPIEN(   ) valve implantation for significant XXXX after previous surgical repair with a right ventricular outflow patch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['embolized into pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'pulmonary valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary incompetence']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 receiving therapy for haematological @entity5 have a higher risk of invasive @entity364 (IFIs). Antifungal prophylaxis is an effective strategy against IFIs, but relative effectiveness estimates across agents are inconclusive. A mixed treatment comparison (MTC) was conducted to estimate the relative effectiveness of all agents for a number of outcomes of interest. METHODS: A systematic review was performed to collect evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the risk of IFIs and on mortality after antifungal prophylaxis. The agents analysed were no prophylaxis/placebo, @entity2380 , @entity2059 , @entity1331 , @entity11794 , liposomal @entity2379 and @entity7143 . Meta-analyses and MTCs were used to synthesize the evidence. The primary outcome was the risk of proven or probable IFI. Secondary outcomes were risk of @entity7553 / @entity2381 , risk of IFI mortality and risk of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Antifungal prophylaxis was more effective than no prophylaxis/placebo in reducing IFI risk. The IFI risk after @entity5074 or @entity7143 was lower than after @entity2380 [relative risk (RR) 0.38, 95% CI 0.14-0.83 and RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.83] or @entity2059 tablets (RR 0.22 95% CI 0.06-0.72 and RR 0.20 95% CI 0.05-0.72). @entity7143 was also found to be more effective than no prophylaxis/placebo in reducing all-cause mortality (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.30-0.98). @entity7143 had the highest probability of being the most effective agent in reducing IFI risk and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: IFI prophylaxis has a positive effect on IFI risk reduction. However, its effect on all-cause mortality is not as pronounced. The analysis has additionally pinpointed @entity7143 as potentially the most effective IFI prophylaxis in @entity1398 @entity1 .

title: Mixed treatment comparison of prophylaxis against invasive XXXX in @entity1398 @entity1 receiving therapy for haematological @entity5 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['Posaconazole', 'posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the orthopedic management of choice in @entity1 having @entity2746 of @entity44984 (ARSACS). DESIGN: A retrospective study from April 1978 to April 1997. SETTING: Centre hospitalier de la Sagamie, Chicoutimi, Que. @entity1 : A review of the records of @entity1 having ARSACS who were identified in the registry of the @entity4094 Clinic at the Centre hospitalier de la Sagamie revealed 26 @entity1 who received surgical orthopedic treatment. Initially, the @entity1 were offered conservative treatment, which consisted of physiotherapy sessions, the wearing of an ankle-foot orthosis or serial casting. When this was unsuccessful, foot surgery was considered. RESULTS: During the study period, 49 orthopedic procedures were done, including 24 triple arthrodeses; of these, 9 were combined with lengthening of the Achilles tendon. Most triple arthrodeses were done in @entity1 between the ages of 30 and 49 years. The surgical options evolved during the study from Lambrinudi arthrodesis through arthrodesis of the ankle to triple arthrodesis with lengthening of the Achilles tendon. CONCLUSIONS: As a complement to conservative treatment, surgery has a place in the care of @entity1 with ARSACS. Clinically, the most effective surgical procedures are triple arthrodesis with percutaneous lengthening of the Achilles tendon and adductor and psoas tenotomies combined with neurectomy of the obturator nerve for perineal hygiene.

title: Orthopedic management in @entity2746 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity44984 :: ('MESH:C536787', 'Disease') :: ['Charlevoix-Saguenay']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular Diseases']

answer: @entity44984 :: (MESH:C536787,Disease) :: ['Charlevoix-Saguenay']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery supplemented by perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a therapeutic option for selected @entity1 with @entity1725 . In some @entity1 , the stomach and/or its vascular supply are so covered by mucinous @entity5 that total gastrectomy is required for complete resection. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 underwent total gastrectomy with a temporary diverting jejunostomy as part of the surgical treatment of @entity1725 of appendiceal origin. Heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity1138 was used in all @entity1 , and 36 had early postoperative intraperitoneal @entity1487 . To date, 39 @entity1 have had second-look surgery and stoma closure; 37 had additional perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. A prospective database was maintained on all @entity1 . RESULTS: The median age was 47 (range 33-66) years. Median interval from diagnosis of @entity1725 to definitive cytoreductive surgery was 23 (range 0-140) months. Six @entity1 presented with @entity1321 . The need for gastrectomy was predicted before operation by abdominal computed tomography. Mean operative time was 13 (range 9-17) h. Mean intraoperative requirement for packed red blood cells was 3.0 units, and that for fresh frozen plasma was 9.9 units. Six peritonectomy procedures, including total gastrectomy, were required for complete cytoreduction. All except seven @entity1 were maintained on parenteral nutrition before second-look surgery for jejunostomy closure. All but two @entity1 have resumed oral nutrition with discontinuation of parenteral feeding. There was one @entity204 and one late death. Thirty-seven @entity1 are alive and disease-free, 0-56 months after initiation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Total gastrectomy with a temporary diverting jejunostomy may be used to facilitate complete cytoreduction in @entity1 with advanced @entity1725 .

title: Cytoreduction including total gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: It is being increasingly recognized that the solution to the problem of inadequate @entity282 relief lies not so much in development of new techniques but in development of a formal organization for better use of existing techniques. @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) are being increasingly established to provide good quality postoperative @entity1337 . In the United States such 24-h services usually consist of anesthesiologists, residents, specially trained nurses and pharmacists. However, less than 30% of US surgical population has access to @entity12761 . Furthermore, only @entity1 selected by surgeons receive the benefits of these services. Additionally, the economic costs of such services are high (> or =  200/ @entity1 ). Less expensive alternatives have to be developed if the aim is to improve the quality of postoperative @entity1337 for every @entity1 after any type of surgery. Sophisticated @entity1337 techniques such as epidural and @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (PCA) are neither necessary nor realistic for the majority of @entity1 . Our nurse-based anesthesiologist-supervised model is based on the concept that @entity282 relief can be greatly improved by provision of in-service training for surgical nursing staff, optimal use of systemic opioids and use of regional @entity1337 techniques and PCA in selected @entity1 . Regular recording of each @entity1 's @entity158 intensity by VAS every 3 h and recording of treatment efficacy on a bedside vital-sign chart are the cornerstones of this model. A VAS greater than 3 is promptly treated. Surgeon and ward nurse participation are crucial in this organization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Organization of acute XXXX services: a low-cost model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Pain Services', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The neisserial opacity (Opa) proteins are phase-variable, antigenically distinct outer membrane proteins that mediate adherence to and invasion of @entity1 cells. We previously reported that @entity6368 Opa protein expression appeared to be selected for or induced during experimental @entity19 @entity5860 . Here we further defined the kinetics of recovery of Opa variants from the lower genital tracts of female @entity19 and investigated the basis for this initial observation. We found that the recovery of different Opa phenotypes from @entity19 appears cyclical. Three phases of @entity281 were defined. Following intravaginal inoculation with primarily Opa- gonococci, the majority of isolates recovered were Opa+ (early phase). A subsequent decline in the percentage of Opa+ isolates occurred in a majority of @entity19 (middle phase) and was followed by a reemergence of Opa+ variants in @entity19 that were infected for longer than 8 days (late phase). We showed the early phase was due to selection for preexisting Opa+ variants in the inoculum by constructing a @entity2755 -resistant (Cm(r)) strain and following Cm(r) Opa+ populations mixed with a higher percentage of Opa- variants of the wild-type (Cm(s)) strain. Reciprocal experiments (Opa- Cm(r) gonococci spiked with Opa+ Cm(s) bacteria) were consistent with selection of Opa+ variants. Based on the absence in @entity19 of @entity1 carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecules, the major class of Opa protein adherence receptors, we conclude the observed selection for Opa+ variants early in @entity281 is not likely due to a specific adherence advantage and may be due to Opa-mediated evasion of innate defenses.

title: In vivo selection for XXXX opacity protein expression in the absence of @entity1 carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecules.

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['genital tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: Dendritic cells and their precursors express @entity6864 , whose stimulation has inhibitory effects on the maturation and function of dendritic cells in vivo. Dendritic cells can differentiate in vitro from @entity5439 + progenitors; the influence of @entity6864 stimulation on this process is unknown. We have addressed the effect of @entity6864 agonist @entity6170 , at a concentration as used in clinics, on the differentiation of dendritic cells from @entity1 @entity5439 + progenitors. Cells were harvested from cord blood by density gradient and immunomagnetic separation, and cultured for 18 days with fetal calf serum, cytokines and 1  mol/L @entity6170 . Analyses included flow cytometry, electron microscopy and mixed lymphocyte reaction. As expected, control cells generated without @entity6170 were dendritic, expressed MHC-II, @entity7938 , @entity8730 and @entity2937 and stimulated mixed reaction potently. A minority of cells expressed the Langerhans cell marker @entity9184 / @entity9184 , but none contained Birbeck granules. With @entity6170 much fewer cells were generated; they were all dendritic, expressed differentiation and maturation-related antigens in higher percentage and were better stimulators of lymphocytes than those generated without the drug. The vast majority of cells expressed @entity9184 / @entity9184 and many contained Birbeck granules, i.e. were full-fledged Langerhans cells. We conclude that stimulation of @entity6864 , while negatively affecting the number of generated cells, promotes the maturation of @entity1 cord blood @entity5439 positive precursors into efficient, immunostimulating dendritic cells with a Langerhans cell phenotype.

title: XXXX promotes the differentiation of Langerhans cells and inhibits that of other dendritic cell types from @entity5439 positive hematopoietic precursors.

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['Rosiglitazone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the current management of @entity1 with @entity6 by Canadian primary care physicians. METHOD: A total of 479 primary care physicians from across Canada submitted data on 5123 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 whom they had seen on a single day on or around World @entity6 Day, November 14, 2012. RESULTS: Mean glycated hemoglobin ( @entity3916 ) was 7.4%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was 2.1 mmol/L and blood pressure (BP) was 128/75 mm Hg. @entity3916  <=7.0% was met by 50%, LDL-C  <=2.0 mmol/L by 57%, BP <130/80 mm Hg by 36% and the composite triple target by 13% of @entity1 . Diet counselling had been offered to 38% of @entity1 . Of the 87% prescribed antihyperglycemic agents, 18% were on 1 @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) (85% of which was @entity2449 ), 15% were on 2 NIAHAs, 6% were on >= 3 NIAHAs, 19% were on insulin only and 42% were on insulin  + >= 1 @entity2175 (s). Amongst the 81% prescribed lipid-lowering therapy, 88% were on monotherapy (97% of which was a statin). Among the 83% prescribed antihypertensive agents, 39%, 34%, 21% and 6% received 1, 2, 3 and >3 drugs, respectively, with 59% prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 35% angiotensin II receptor blockers. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6 Status in Canada survey highlights the persistent treatment gap associated with the treatment of type 2 @entity6 and the challenges faced by primary care physicians to gain glycemic control and global vascular protection in these @entity1 . It also reveals a higher use of insulin therapy in primary care practices relative to previous surveys. Practical strategies aimed at more effectively managing type 2 @entity6 @entity1 are urgently needed.

title: XXXX management in Canada: is it improving?

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin antihyperglycemic agent', 'NIAHA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Locomotor activity in @entity35 was reduced by intracisternal (i.cis.) injection of the selective alpha 2-agonist @entity1338 and increased by the i.cis. administration of the selective alpha 1-agonists @entity2647 and @entity7202 . These responses to i.cis. administered @entity1338 , @entity2647 and @entity7202 were examined in @entity35 pretreated subcutaneously (s.c.) with various alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists believed to exhibit preference for alpha 2- or alpha 1-receptors in peripheral tissues. At a dose that eliminated the locomotor depressant effect of @entity1338 , the alpha 2 -antagonist @entity3160 did not antagonize the locomotor stimulant effects of @entity2647 and @entity7202 . Similar results were obtained in animals pretreated with another alpha 2-antagonist @entity17950 . The alpha 1-antagonist @entity3159 abolished the increase in motor activity elicited by @entity2647 and @entity7202 , but at the same dose @entity3159 did not offset the decrease in motor activity caused by @entity1338 . The alpha 1-antagonist @entity49964 , at a dose that inhibited the increase in motor activity elicited by @entity2647 , was without effect on the decrease in activity produced by @entity1338 . These findings indicate that the locomotor responses to the alpha 2-agonist @entity1338 and the alpha 1-agonist @entity2647 (or @entity7202 ) can be used for determining whether or not a particular substance acts in vivo as a selective antagonist for alpha 1- or alpha 2-receptors in the CNS. In @entity35 pretreated s.c. with 13.5 mg/kg of @entity5079 , the locomotor depressant effect of @entity1338 and stimulant action of @entity2647 were unchanged. At 27 mg/kg s.c., @entity5079 antagonized the responses to both @entity1338 and @entity2647 . Therefore, in this in vivo model system, @entity5079 given systemically did not display any appreciable selectivity for blocking alpha 1- or alpha 2-receptors in the CNS.

title: An in vivo model for investigating alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors in the CNS: studies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity17950 :: ('MESH:D010883', 'Chemical') :: ['piperoxane']

entities_list: @entity49964 :: ('MESH:C004448', 'Chemical') :: ['azapetine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity5079 :: (MESH:D008803,Chemical) :: ['mianserin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of antiangiogenic drugs offers new promise in the treatment of @entity5 . @entity5747 has been reported to inhibit @entity5 growth by blocking angiogenesis and has been used in clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of @entity5747 on colonic anastomotic @entity5 in the @entity35 . METHODS: (a) Colonic anastomotic @entity5 was induced in 120 WAG/RIJ @entity35 . Half of the animals were given 100 mg/kg of @entity5747 intraperitoneally at the time of @entity5 induction. @entity35 were sacrificed after 2, 4 and 8 weeks; @entity5 take and @entity5 weight were evaluated. (b) The number of red blood cell clusters per x 400 field was counted in each @entity5 . (c) A lymphocyte transformation test was performed in four groups of animals, 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after @entity5 implantation and/or @entity5747 administration. RESULTS: (a) A significant enhancement of @entity5 growth was observed in the @entity5747 -treated animals. (b) This was accompanied by a significant increase in functional blood vessels. (c) @entity5747 -treated @entity35 had markedly decreased lymphocyte stimulation, pointing to a possible immunosuppressive effect. CONCLUSIONS: The growth of an anastomotic @entity694 is rather enhanced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg @entity5747 in the @entity35 , possibly by an unexpected immunosuppressive effect.

title: Effects of @entity5747 on anastomotic @entity694 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Using venous retention with a tourniquet (70 mm Hg), we performed a randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of I.V. pretreatment with @entity3575 , @entity1286 , @entity6882 , or @entity3303 in reducing @entity1875 injection @entity158 . Immediately after @entity432 with a tourniquet, I.V. @entity3575 150 microg (Group A, n = 35), @entity1286 4 mg (Group B, n = 35), @entity6882 40 mg (Group C, n = 35), 2% @entity3303 3 mL (Group D, n = 35), or normal saline 3 mL (Group E, n = 35; as placebo control) was given to adult @entity1 . The venous retention of the drug was maintained for 1 min, followed by tourniquet release and I.V. administration of @entity1875 100 mg. @entity158 assessment was made immediately after the @entity1875 injection. @entity3303 and @entity6882 significantly reduced @entity1875 injection @entity158 more than placebo (P < 0.05), but there were more side effects in the @entity6882 group. @entity3575 and @entity1286 reduced the intensity of @entity1875 injection @entity158 (P < 0.05) and had some effect in reducing the incidence of @entity1875 injection @entity158 , but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The order of efficacy was @entity3303 approximately @entity6882 > @entity1286 approximately @entity3575 . We postulate that the peripheral analgesic effect of these opioid is due to their local anesthetic activity. IMPLICATIONS: @entity1875 , a commonly used anesthetic, often causes @entity158 on injection. Given as venous retention pretreatments 1 min before @entity1875 , @entity6882 and @entity3303 were found to significantly reduce the @entity1875 injection @entity158 , whereas @entity3575 and @entity1286 only slightly reduced the @entity1875 injection @entity158 .

title: The analgesic effect of @entity3575 , @entity1286 , @entity6882 , and XXXX in the peripheral veins: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine', 'Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the radiologic evidence of @entity774 on computed tomography (CT) with pathologic reports and to assess the accuracy of CT in the diagnosis of @entity774 with @entity1358 . METHODS: Between January 1992 and June 2000, we treated 229 @entity1 with @entity1358 . In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 73 @entity1 who had been examined by CT before surgery and had undergone radical nephrectomy, including @entity10163 . The abnormal integrity of the adrenal glands on CT and the pathologic @entity774 of @entity1358 were demonstrated by a radiologist and pathologist, respectively. RESULTS: The blinded review by a radiologist of the CT results of 73 @entity1 with @entity1358 identified a normal appearance of the ipsilateral adrenal gland in 54 @entity1 (74%), none of whom had pathologic evidence of malignant involvement. The adrenal gland was diagnosed as abnormal on CT in 19 @entity1 (26%), including enlargement in 7 @entity1 , nodule formation in 7, and an irregular surface in 8. Two of these 19 @entity1 had @entity774 . Both were staged at T3M1, and their primary @entity5 were large, measuring more than 10 cm. In this study, CT demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 76% specificity, 11% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for ipsilateral @entity774 of @entity1358 . CONCLUSIONS: Normal adrenal images on CT could exclude @entity774 by @entity1358 . However, radical nephrectomy, including @entity10163 , should be performed in @entity1 with large @entity5 .

title: Ipsilateral @entity774 from XXXX : retrospective study of the predictive value of computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the ipsilateral adrenal gland']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal involvement']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity2682 as monotherapy for treatment of partial onset @entity410 were evaluated in three large multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-controlled trials. In the first trial, 275 outpatients with refractory partial @entity302 maintained on stable doses of one or two @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were switched to @entity2682 (GBP) monotherapy at 600 mg, 1200 mg, or 2400 mg daily. @entity1 were required to exit the 26-week double-blind phase of the study if they experienced worsening of @entity410 frequency. With respect to time to exit, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups; only 3% of @entity1 withdrew from the trial because of adverse events. In the second study, 82 hospitalized @entity1 with medically refractory @entity302 were tapered off baseline @entity734 and randomly assigned to GBP monotherapy at 300 mg/day or 3600 mg/day. @entity1 remained in the trial for a maximum of 8 days but had to exit the trial if they experienced one or more exit events. Time to exit was significantly longer in @entity1 in the 3600-mg group (151 h) compared with those in the 300-mg group (85 h) (p = 0.0001). None of the @entity1 withdrew from the trial because of side effects. In the third study, 292 @entity1 with newly diagnosed partial @entity410 were randomized to GBP 300, 900, or 1800 mg/day or to @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) 600 mg/day. @entity1 remained in the trial for up to 6 months or until they experienced an exit event. Mean time to exit was significantly longer for @entity1 who received GBP 900 mg/day (p = 0.02) or 1800 mg/day (p = 0.04) compared with those who received 300 mg/day. The completion rate for the @entity2050 group (37%) was similar to that of the GBP 900-mg (39%) and 1800-mg (38%) groups. @entity1 receiving @entity2050 had a higher withdrawal rate because of adverse events compared with the GBP 900-mg and 1800-mg groups. The results of these trials provide good evidence of the efficacy and safety of GBP as monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset @entity410 .

title: Monotherapy trials with @entity2682 for partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify @entity158 , function, and health-related quality of life in comparison with normative data, and to quantify intervention effects. DESIGN: Naturalistic cohort study without a control group. Correction of the effects observed during the intervention by those observed during waiting time prior to the intervention. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation clinic. @entity1 : @entity1 with hip (n=88) and knee (n=164) @entity571 . INTERVENTION: Comprehensive, multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation lasting 3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC). RESULTS: Four or more comorbid conditions had 45.3% of the hip and 51.8% of the knee @entity1 on entry to and discharge from the clinic. On entry, physical health and some dimensions of psychosocial health were significantly diminished compared with population norms. At discharge, @entity570 had improved by a corrected effect size of .20 to .47 in @entity158 , .04 to .39 in function, and -.04 to .32 in psychosocial health. @entity626 showed a corrected effect size of .43 to .62 in @entity158 , .19 to .51 in function, and .19 to .30 in psychosocial health. All but 1 effect in @entity158 and WOMAC function were higher than the minimal clinically important differences. CONCLUSIONS: Hip and @entity626 @entity1 admitted to the inpatient intervention were affected by a substantial burden of disease and comorbidities. Inpatient rehabilitation resulted in small to moderate, statistically significant, and clinically important improvements in @entity158 , function, and psychosocial health.

title: Effects of inpatient rehabilitation in hip and XXXX : a naturalistic prospective cohort study with intraindividual control of effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is conflicting data in literature to show that the McCoy laryngoscope is less stressful and opioids can actually be avoided during laryngoscopy and intubation with the use of this laryngoscope. AIM: A comparison of hemodynamic changes with McCoy vs Macintosh laryngoscope.. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: 180 ASA I and II neurosurgical @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for space occupying lesions were recruited. The study was was prospective, randomized and blinded in the setting of neurosurgical perioperative services. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The @entity1 were divided into four groups (Gr.1 McCoy and @entity3575 ; Gr. 2 McCoy and no @entity3575 ; Gr. 3 Macintosh and @entity3575 ; Gr. 4 Macintosh and no @entity3575 ). In Gr. 2 and 4 equivalent volume of saline was given in place of @entity3575 as placebo. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured after laryngoscopy, after intubation and subsequently every minute for the next five minutes. The incidence of cough due to @entity3575 treatment was observed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Haemodynamic changes were compared between and within groups using oneway ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. All analysis included 95% CI at 5% significance. The Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing incidence of cough. RESULTS: No difference was found between McCoy laryngoscopy when done with or without @entity3575 pretreatment (HR p=0.848, sys BP p=0.229 and diastolic blood pressure p=0.981). Significant changes in haemodynamic parameters were seen between Macintosh and McCoy laryngoscopy without @entity3575 pretreatment (p<0.001) whereas changes were blunted with @entity3575 pretreatment in Macintosh laryngoscopy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: McCoy laryngoscope blade is less stressful and @entity3575 pretreatment is not necessary to attenuate haemodynamic responses with its use in ASA I and II @entity1 .

title: Opioid sparing during endotracheal intubation using McCoy laryngoscope in neurosurgical XXXX : the comparison of haemodynamic changes with Macintosh blade in a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe our initial results using a @entity9909 -free immunosuppression protocol in renal transplants. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between October 2001 and June 2003, 56 recipients of a renal allografts were started on an immunosuppression protocol without calcineurin inhibitors, consisting of basiliximab, @entity3446 , @entity618 , and @entity230 . We analyzed @entity1 and graft survival, acute rejection episodes, and renal function. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 19.6 months. Actuarial @entity1 survival at 1 and 2 years was 98.1% and 95.3%, respectively. Actuarial graft survival at 1 and 2 years was 92.9% and 87.6%, respectively. Acute rejection occurred in 27.8% of the @entity1 , usually Banff 1 (73.3%). There was stable renal function with mean serum @entity1011 of 1.3, 1.4, 1.3, and 1.3 mg/dL at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The use of immunosuppression free of calcineurin inhibitors is effective and safe. Further follow-up is needed to evaluate the impact on long-term results.

title: XXXX -free immunosuppression in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity9909 :: (23523,Gene) :: ['Calcineurin inhibitor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare cardiac MRI and radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) in cardiac monitoring during @entity4349 ( @entity632 )-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 10 previously untreated adult @entity1893 @entity1 . Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by MRI and RVG simultaneously. In addition, left ventricular (LV) and left atrial size were determined by MRI. Both MRI and RVG measurements were determined at baseline and then repeated after eight cycles of @entity3726 chemotherapy (cumulative @entity632 dose of 400 mg/m  ). Power calculations were made on the basis of reproducibility measurements. RESULTS: Clinical @entity712 was not observed in any @entity1 during the study. MRI detected a statistically significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume (128    39 vs. 151    46 ml, P<0.05) and LV mass (119    32 vs. 146    49 g, P<0.05) after @entity632 therapy but no change in LVEF (46    8 vs. 47    11%, P=NS) or left atrial area. A significant @entity1002 compared with baseline was observed by RVG (61    10 vs. 50    6%, P<0.01). On average, MRI resulted in 7    10% lower LVEF values compared with RVG. CONCLUSION: RVG seems to be a valuable and repeatable tool in detecting early, subclinical deterioration in cardiac function and is the method of choice in the follow-up of LV function during @entity4349 -based chemotherapy. Whether LV volumetric and mass changes found in MRI could predict later significant permanent @entity299 should be evaluated in larger studies with long-term follow-up.

title: A prospective comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide ventriculography in the assessment of cardiac function in @entity1 treated with XXXX -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF reduction']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) endpoints often only weakly correlate. This analysis investigates how different progression events impact on @entity1349 , using data from two phase 3 studies with eribulin in women with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: In Study 301, 1102 women with <= 2 prior chemotherapies for advanced/ @entity0 were randomized to eribulin mesylate (1.4  mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21  days) or @entity416 (1.25  g/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 every 21  days). Study 305/EMBRACE enrolled 762 patients following two to five prior chemotherapies for advanced/ @entity0 , randomized to eribulin (as above) or treatment of physician's choice. We analyzed @entity1349 and PFS post hoc for patients whose disease progressed due to development of "new" @entity3 , growth of pre-existing lesions, and patients with no reported disease progression. RESULTS: In both clinical studies, development of new @entity3 was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 (p   <   0.0001). The time to development of new @entity3 or @entity204 was significantly longer with eribulin than the comparator in Study 305 (p   =   0.0017), but not in Study 301 (p   =   0.46). Significantly longer @entity1349 was observed in the eribulin compared with the comparator arm for the new @entity3 subgroup in Study 301 (p   =   0.008), but not in Study 305 (p   =   0.16), compared with other progression subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with @entity0 progressing with new @entity3 have a worse prognosis than those whose disease progresses due to growth of existing lesions or patients with no reported disease progression. These findings have potentially important implications for the interpretation of clinical study data and clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov registration IDs: Study 301: NCT00337103 ; Study 305: NCT00388726 .

title: "New" XXXX are associated with a poorer prognosis than growth of pre-existing @entity3 in patients with metastatic @entity0 treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced/metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Elbow flexion posture, caused by @entity508 of the muscles on the anterior surface of the elbow, is the most common @entity85 seen in @entity1 with @entity306 . This study retrospectively evaluated early results of 2 surgical interventions for @entity85 based on degree of @entity1159 . We hypothesized that by guiding surgical treatment to degree of @entity1159 , elbow extension and flexion posture angle at ambulation could be improved while preserving maximum flexion. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 (90 elbows) were treated for elbow @entity508 due to @entity306 . Seventy-one @entity1 (74 elbows) were available for follow-up. Fifty-seven @entity1 with fixed @entity1159 less than 45   were surgically treated with a partial elbow muscle lengthening, which included partial lengthening of the biceps and brachialis and proximal release of the brachioradialis. Fourteen @entity1 (17 elbows) with fixed @entity1159 >=  45   had a more extensive full elbow release, with biceps z-lengthening, partial brachialis myotomy, and brachioradialis proximal release. RESULTS: Age at surgery averaged 10 years (range, 3-20 y) for partial lengthening and 14 years (range, 5-20 y) for full elbow release. Follow-up averaged 22 months (range, 7-144 mo) for partial lengthening and 18 months (range, 6-51 mo) for full elbow release. Both groups achieved meaningful improvement in flexion posture angle at ambulation, active and passive extension, and total range of motion. Elbow flexion posture angle at ambulation improved by 57   and active extension increased 17   in the partial lengthening group, with a 4   loss of active flexion. In the full elbow release group, elbow flexion posture angle at ambulation improved 51   and active extension improved 38  , with a loss of 19   of active flexion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity508 in @entity306 can @entity85 . We obtained excellent results by guiding the surgical intervention by the amount of preoperative @entity1159 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Early results of surgical intervention for @entity85 in XXXX based on degree of @entity1159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic elbow flexion', 'spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'preoperative contracture', 'elbow contracture', 'elbow contractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['elbow deformity', 'elbow flexion deformities', 'improve deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: South Asians are at high risk for @entity740 . However, unlike those in the United States and United Kingdom, laboratories in South Asian countries do not routinely report estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) when serum @entity1011 is measured. The objectives of the study were to: (1) evaluate the performance of existing @entity5017 estimating equations in South Asians, and (2) modify the existing equations or develop a new equation for use in this population. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 581 @entity1 40 years or older were enrolled from 10 randomly selected communities and renal clinics in Karachi. PREDICTORS: eGFR, age, sex, serum @entity1011 level. OUTCOMES: Bias (the median difference between measured @entity5017 [mGFR] and eGFR), precision (the IQR of the difference), accuracy ( @entity9510 ; percentage of @entity1 with eGFR within 30% of mGFR), and the root mean squared error reported as cross-validated estimates along with bootstrapped 95% CIs based on 1,000 replications. RESULTS: The CKD-EPI ( @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration) @entity1011 equation performed better than the MDRD (Modification of Diet in @entity8 ) Study equation in terms of greater accuracy at @entity9510 (76.1% [95% CI, 72.7%-79.5%] vs 68.0% [95% CI, 64.3%-71.7%]; P < 0.001) and improved precision (IQR, 22.6 [95% CI, 19.9-25.3] vs 28.6 [95% CI, 25.8-31.5] mL/min/1.73 m(2); P < 0.001). However, both equations overestimated mGFR. Applying modification factors for slope and intercept to the CKD-EPI equation to create a CKD-EPI Pakistan equation (such that eGFRCKD-EPI(PK) = 0.686   eGFRCKD-EPI(1.059)) in order to eliminate bias improved accuracy ( @entity9510 , 81.6% [95% CI, 78.4%-84.8%]; P < 0.001) comparably to new estimating equations developed using @entity1011 level and additional variables. LIMITATIONS: Lack of external validation data set and few @entity1 with low @entity5017 . CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI @entity1011 equation is more accurate and precise than the MDRD Study equation in estimating @entity5017 in a South Asian population in Karachi. The CKD-EPI Pakistan equation further improves the performance of the CKD-EPI equation in South Asians and could be used for eGFR reporting.

title: Estimation of XXXX in South Asians: a study from the general population in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5017 :: (9771,Gene) :: ['GFR']


abstract: To test for the role of the P2Y(2) receptor (P2Y(2)-R) in the regulation of @entity377 -promoted @entity141 signaling in the lung, we generated P2Y(2)-R-deficient (P2Y(2)-R(-/-)) @entity19 and measured intracellular @entity141 (i) responses (Delta @entity141 (i)) to @entity2036 in cultured lung fibroblasts and nasal and tracheal epithelial cells from wild type and P2Y(2)-R(-/-) @entity19 . In the wild type fibroblasts, the rank order of potencies for @entity377 -induced DeltaCa(2+)(i) was as follows: @entity856 >/= @entity855 > @entity857 > @entity858 . The responses induced by these agonists were completely absent in the P2Y(2)-R(-/-) fibroblasts. @entity19260 responses paralleled those of Delta @entity141 (i) in both groups. @entity855 and @entity856 also induced @entity141 (i) responses in wild type airway epithelial cells. In the P2Y(2)-R(-/-) airway epithelial cells, @entity856 was ineffective. A small fraction (25%) of the @entity855 response persisted. @entity859 and @entity861 were ineffective, and @entity855 responses were not affected by @entity859 deaminase or by removal of extracellular @entity141 , indicating that neither P1 nor P2X receptors mediated this residual @entity855 response. In contrast, @entity39530 promoted a substantial @entity141 (i) response in P2Y(2)-R(-/-) cells, which was inhibited by the @entity23998 antagonist @entity45569 . These studies demonstrate that P2Y(2)-R is the dominant purinoceptor in airway epithelial cells, which also express a @entity23998 , and that the P2Y(2)-R is the sole purinergic receptor subtype mediating @entity377 -induced inositol lipid hydrolysis and @entity141 mobilization in @entity19 lung fibroblasts.

title: @entity377 -regulated calcium signaling in lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells from normal and P2Y(2) receptor (-/-) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity39530 :: ('MESH:C113043', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methylthio-ADP']

entities_list: @entity861 :: ('MESH:C002630', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha,beta-methylene ATP']

entities_list: @entity45569 :: ('MESH:C010840', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3'-5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1355 has been a common occupational risk resulting in much litigation. Where @entity358 has been minimal or even absent, @entity130 has been made an element in claimed damages. Analysis of @entity146 and psychologic claims in 48 cases reveals that diagnoses often do not conform to professional standards, are based on insufficient data sampling, lack adequate overall history as well as medical history, and do not comport with the standard of probability usually required for litigation. The group studied was elderly (mean age--62.6), mostly retired (71%), with some significant medical illnesses (18% on medical retirement). None were retired for pulmonary reasons. As expected, conflict in opinion between the opposing professional medical @entity1 was frequent. Commonly the @entity1 did not substantiate the complaints reported in the medico-legal reports; some ridiculed statements made on their behalf. Many psychological reports reflected simplistic or erroneous concepts of medicine or ignored relevant medical data. This study indicates that in this group claims of @entity130 due to asbestos exposure have little justification and supports the view that the current system of utilization of expert opinions is not reliable or in conformity with reasonable professional standards. Correspondingly, these claims did not result in augmented awards.

title: @entity1355 and XXXX --a review of 48 claims.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['Asbestos exposure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['psychic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['psychic injury']


abstract: We conducted this study to determine the degree of @entity28 influence on the hypoglycemic response of @entity2124 and @entity701 after weight loss of 5%. A total of 45 non-diabetic, male subjects followed in the outpatient endocrinological departments were divided into three groups comprising 15 subjects in each group, based upon body mass index (BMI) to healthy, overweight and @entity28 group. @entity2449 was administered in the dose of 50 mg daily to the overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . @entity701 was measured at 0, 60 and 120 minutes. @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) was measured at -15, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Values of @entity701 and @entity2124 were compared upon changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to insulin induced @entity4053 initially and after weight loss of 5% for overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . The BMI of the healthy group ranged 20.0-24.5 kg/m2 (median: 22.8); overweight group ranged 25.9-29.7 kg/m2 (median: 28.3); and @entity28 group ranged 30.9-34.6 kg/m2 (median: 32.6). There were no significant differences of @entity701 values among groups at 0 (chi2 = 2.0; p = 0.365); 60 (chi2 = 0.754; P = 0.686) and at 120 minutes (chi2 = 0.466; p = 0.792). The comparisons among groups were significant for differences of @entity2124 values at -15 (chi2 = 25.0; p < 0.01); 0 (chi2 = 16.2; p < 0.01); 30 (chi2 = 16.2; p < 0.01); 60 (chi2 = 32.8; p < 0.01); 90 (chi2 = 30.2; p < 0.01) and at 120 minutes (chi2 = 27.3; p < 0.01). Healthy and @entity28 subjects significantly differed in @entity2124 response at -15 (Z = 4.67; p < 0.01); 0 (Z = 3.83; p < 0.01); 60 (Z = 2.78; p = 0.05); 90 (Z = 4.67; p < 0.01) and at 120 minutes (Z = 4.23; p < 0.01). Changes on the various levels of @entity774 , when it is activated by a stress as it is the case in insulin-induced @entity4053 correspond to the degree of @entity28 . Weight loss of 5% was not enough for restoration of a normal stimulated @entity2124 release and did not influence on the level of @entity701 .

title: Preliminary report of hypoglycemic response in obese metabolic syndrome males treated with XXXX after weight loss intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['GH', 'growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among potentially @entity5 , @entity8407 is the most common in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors associated with @entity8407 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 142 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8407 according to World Health Organization clinical and histopathological criteria and a control group of healthy subjects matched for age and gender. Sociodemographic data were registered for each @entity1 : age, gender, smoking and @entity285 consumption. @entity12120 characteristics were also registered: size, position, clinical form, and presence or absence of @entity1141 ; all cases of @entity12120 were classified systematically according to clinicopathological stage. Blood lipid component levels of total @entity165 , high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and @entity1674 were compared between groups. RESULTS: Smoking had a significant effect on the risk of @entity12120 (P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 8.33). High @entity413 levels also increased the probability of @entity12120 (P = 0.03, OR = 6.35), as did low-density lipoproteins (P = 0.049, OR = 5.65). The risk of @entity1141 increased among @entity1 presenting the non-homogeneous form of @entity12120 (P = 0.039, OR = 9.06) and among smokers (P = 0.044, OR = 28.33). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, increased @entity413 and low-density lipoproteins in the blood are associated with a risk of @entity8407 .

title: Association between smoking, glycaemia, blood lipoproteins and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia', 'Leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['oral leukoplakia']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that vascular count significantly increases in the @entity1613 of the bronchial tree, starting from very low levels in the normal epithelium to a significantly higher number of microvessels in moderate @entity2735 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) protein expression has shown to be strictly associated with neovascularization both in @entity1 @entity5 and in various type of preinvasive lesions. A number of studies have demonstrated that mutant @entity876 is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, and immunohistochemical detection of the @entity876 protein is associated with @entity876 gene mutations. In this study we looked for possible correlation between @entity876 protein detection, @entity7 expression and vascular count in a series of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bronchial tree in order to investigate the angiogenic pattern and its genetic control in the early steps of @entity5 development. Twenty-four retrospective bronchial lesions with different grades of @entity1141 and a case of normal bronchial epithelium were analysed. Surgical specimens removed from @entity1 either confirmed, or suspect for @entity2 were stained immunohistochemically for @entity2280 , @entity7 , and @entity876 . There were significant increases in microvascular density (MVD), @entity7 , and @entity876 expression from normal bronchial epithelium through @entity19354 to in @entity2735 to @entity3 and these factors were significantly associated with moderate @entity75 . A statistically significant difference was observed in MVD between hyperplastic-metaplastic, moderate @entity75 and in @entity2735 . A similar pattern was also observed for @entity7 and @entity876 protein expression but no significant difference was observed between moderate @entity75 and in @entity2735 with regard to @entity7 protein expression. The association between MVD, @entity7 expression, @entity876 mutations and preinvasive lesions of the bronchial tree suggests that neoangiogenesis is early in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) development and that @entity876 may have an important role in promoting angiogenesis in this @entity1 model of @entity105 .

title: Modulation of neoangiogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions and in situ carcinomas', 'situ carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity19354 :: ('MESH:C565640', 'Disease') :: ['moderate dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['bronchial preneoplastic lesions']


abstract: Aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently associated with the aggressive malignant behavior of @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Based on the preliminary deep sequencing data, we hypothesized that @entity15452 may play an important role in @entity1358 development. In this study, we found that @entity15452 was down-regulated in both @entity5 tissue and plasma of @entity1358 @entity1 . Lower @entity15452 expression levels were associated with higher @entity5 grade and stage. All @entity1 with high @entity15452 expression survived 5years, while with low @entity15452 expression, only 42% survived. Suppressed in vitro proliferation, inhibited in vivo @entity5 growth, and decreased motility were observed in cells treated with the @entity15452 expression vector. Further studies showed that @entity25032 ( @entity25032 ) is a direct target of @entity15452 . Over-expression of @entity15452 decreased @entity25032 mRNA level and repressed @entity25032 -3'-UTR reporter activity. Knockdown of @entity25032 using siRNA resulted in similar phenotype changes as that observed for overexpression of @entity15452 . Our data suggest that @entity15452 is emerging as a novel player in the disease state of @entity1358 . @entity15452 plays a @entity5 suppressor role in @entity1358 .

title: MicroRNA-187, down-regulated in @entity1358 and associated with lower survival, inhibits cell growth and migration though targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

answer: @entity25032 :: (80381,Gene) :: ['B7-H3']


abstract: Fusion proteins constructed of a @entity5 -specific Ab joined to @entity2047 (Ab- @entity2047 ) have been used in the past to deliver cytokine directly to the site of @entity5 cells in vivo. These molecules mimic the activity of @entity2047 and assist in activating and expanding antitumor effector cells. To enhance the cytolytic activity of CTL specific for peptide epitopes of the @entity7171 @entity5 Ag presented by HLA-A*0201 molecules, a fusion protein was constructed consisting of a single chain Ab specific for @entity7171 , linked to @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ). When added to a mixture of @entity5 cells and @entity7171 , the protein was found to augment lysis of @entity5 cells. In addition, the hybrid molecule also promoted lysis of @entity7171 expressing @entity5 by non- @entity5 -specific cloned T cell lines, including Th1 CD4 cells. Analysis of the mechanism of @entity137 revealed that the fusion protein mediates the formation of stable conjugates between T cells expressing @entity3783 and @entity5 cells expressing @entity7171 , resulting in lysis through the Fas-Fas ligand pathway. Lysis induction was independent of specific engagement by the TCR. When tested for its ability to enhance @entity5 cell eradication by @entity7171 / @entity7171 -specific CD8+ T cells in an adoptive transfer model in @entity915 @entity19 , @entity2047 facilitated the elimination of @entity5 cells in vivo. Surprisingly, the combination of non- @entity5 -specific CD8+ T cells and fusion protein also induced a significant delay of @entity5 growth. This represents a novel approach for redirecting non- @entity5 -specific T cells to eliminate @entity5 .

title: Redirecting effector T cells through their XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Childrens Cancer Group 123 was a trial of intensive multidrug chemotherapy as well as cranial irradiation and bulk disease irradiation in @entity1 with @entity981 with @entity1669 (bulk disease and either T-cell phenotype, high white blood count, or absence of @entity417 ), a poor prognostic group with an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) and other extramedullary recurrence. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three hundred eight @entity1 without @entity6220 were randomized among three regimens: A--BFM chemotherapy (designed for high risk @entity981 @entity1 ) with 1800 cGy cranial irradiation; B--LSA2L2 chemotherapy (designed for @entity1893 @entity1 ) with 1800 cGy cranial irradiation and 1500 cGy to nonabdominal bulk disease; C--Reg B without cranial irradiation. All @entity1 received intrathecal methotrexate throughout therapy. Radiation treatment records were reviewed. RESULTS: With a minimum 52-month follow-up, Regimen B and C @entity1 had 5-year actuarial CNS relapses of 7% and 17% (p = 0.01) and event-free survivals of 53% and 39% (p = 0.04). @entity1 with white blood count < 50,000/mm3 did not benefit from cranial irradiation. Regimen A @entity1 had the same CNS relapse rate as Regimen B @entity1 but an improved event-free survival. Regimen B and C @entity1 with large mediastinal masses who received their assigned chest radiation had a lower event rate than those who did not (p = 0.06). @entity1 whose cranial fields did or did not encompass the entire meningeal surface had equivalent CNS relapse rates. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with LSA2L2 chemotherapy, a less than optimal regimen, benefited from cranial and mediastinal irradiation. Compliance with radiation volume guidelines was not essential for @entity1 to receive the benefit of cranial irradiation.

title: The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX with @entity1669 : a report from the Childrens Cancer Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous presentation']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkins lymphoma']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The present studies were undertaken to assess in vivo the effects of repeated administration of the @entity1063 (NE) reuptake blocker @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) (5 or 10 mg/kg/day x 14 days) on five subsets of adrenoceptors and on the effectiveness of the NE reuptake process in the @entity35 central nervous system. These receptors were: 1) the postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors which signal the suppressant effect of microiontophoretically applied NE on the firing activity of dorsal hippocampus pyramidal neurons; 2) the postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoceptors which mediate the short-latency suppressant effect of endogenous NE, released by the electrical stimulation of the locus ceruleus (LC), on the firing activity of these same neurons; 3) the postsynaptic beta adrenoceptors which mediate the long-latency excitatory effect of LC stimulation on hippocampus pyramidal neurons; 4) the alpha-2 autoreceptors located on NE terminals in the hippocampus; and 5) the alpha-2 autoreceptors located on the cell body of LC NE neurons. The suppressant effect of microiontophoretic applications of NE on dorsal hippocampus pyramidal neurons was not changed by the long-term @entity9956 treatments. The recovery time of the firing activity of these neurons after microiontophoretic application of NE, an index of the activity of the NE reuptake process, was the same in control and @entity9956 -treated @entity35 . However, the prolongation of this recovery time by the acute i.v. administration of @entity9956 reached a plateau at a lower cumulative dose in long-term @entity9956 -treated than in control @entity35 . These results thus suggest that long-term administration of @entity9956 did not affect the function of the NE transporter but reduced the number of @entity9956 binding sites. The effectiveness of the 1 Hz stimulation of the LC in suppressing of the firing activity of pyramidal neurons was unchanged by either long-term @entity9956 treatment (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), whereas that of the 5 Hz stimulation was enhanced only in @entity35 on the 10-mg/kg regimen. This suggests that the function of terminal alpha-2 autoreceptors was decreased after this latter @entity9956 regimen, because the reduction of the efficacy of the stimulation obtained by increasing the frequency from 1 to 5 Hz has been shown to be due to the activation of terminal alpha-2 adrenergic autoreceptors. In keeping with this interpretation, the reduction of the effectiveness of the stimulation of the LC by the systemic administration of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist @entity1338 was attenuated in @entity35 treated with the 10-mg/kg/day regimen of @entity9956 , but not in those with the 5-mg/kg/day regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of long-term XXXX administration on noradrenergic neurotransmission: electrophysiological studies in the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score was used to prioritize liver allocation in the USA that decreased the mortality in awaiting @entity1 . The current national policy for liver allocation in Thailand is to offer organs to the transplant center, not directly to the @entity1 themselves. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of @entity3851 score to predict the mortality of @entity1 on liver transplantation waiting list in Thailand, a country with low organ donation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January 2006 and March 2007, we prospectively collected data of all @entity1 on liver transplantation waiting list. @entity3851 score was calculated. All @entity1 were followed until they were transplanted, dead, or to the end of the present study. @entity1 were then divided into three groups (dead, alive, and transplanted) according to the outcome. Differences between groups were compared using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 were enrolled (male:female = 48:25). Mean age was 55.6 years. At the end of the study, 44 @entity1 were alive (60.3%, @entity3851 8-31), 21 were dead (28.8%, @entity3851 15-40), and eight were transplanted (11%, @entity3851 12-30). The dead group was compared with alive group to determine mortality. @entity1 who died had higher @entity3851 score than @entity1 who were alive. @entity1 with @entity3851 score more than 15 had significantly (p-value = 0.006) higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity3851 score of less than 15. CONCLUSION: @entity3851 score is very useful in stratifying severity and mortality risk of cirrhotic @entity1 while on liver transplant waiting list. A @entity3851 score of 15 is associated with significantly increased mortality on awaiting @entity1 . @entity3851 score should be used to prioritize liver organ in order to save lives.

title: Use of XXXX score in country with low organ donation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model for end-stage liver disease']

answer: @entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['MELD']