abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit of botulinum toxin A in treatment of @entity392 with a prospective, double-blinded study design. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blinded, prospective clinical study. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity392 were randomly placed into 1 of 2 treatment arms. @entity1 either received botulinum toxin A (20 to 50 units) or saline injection at the first treatment, and the opposite treatment 4 months later. Prospective data including @entity392 matching test, @entity1032 inventory (THI), @entity392 ( @entity392 ), and @entity1 questionnaires were obtained over a 4-month period after each injection. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed both injections and follow-up and were included in data analysis. After botulinum toxin A, subjective @entity392 changes included 7 @entity1 improved, 3 worsened, and 16 unchanged. Following placebo, 2 @entity1 were improved, 7 worsened, and 17 unchanged. Comparison of the treatment and placebo groups was statistically significant (P < 0.005) when including better, worse, and same effects. A significant decrease in THI scores between pretreatment and 4 month postbotulinum toxin A injection (P = 0.0422) was recorded. None of the other comparisons of pretreatment to 1 month, or pretreatment to 4 months were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: This small study found improvement in THI scores and @entity1 subjective results after botulinum toxin A injection compared with placebo, suggesting a possible benefit of botulinum toxin A in @entity392 management. Larger studies need to be completed to further evaluate potential benefits of botulinum toxin A in treatment of this difficult problem.

title: Evaluation of botulinum toxin A in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus handicap']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'TRS', 'tinnitus rating scale']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: The nicotinic agonist @entity6958 ( @entity6958 ) transiently stimulates @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) gene transcription in cultured @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells (Craviso et al., J. Neurochem., 59 (1992) 2285-2296). The present studies examined the mechanism of this stimulation, exploring the hypothesis that c- @entity12516 - and/or @entity1919 -related mechanisms are involved. As determined by nuclear run-on assay, exposure of chromaffin cells to @entity6958 (1 microM) induced c- @entity12516 and TH gene transcription fivefold and twofold, respectively. @entity9805 (20 microM) blocked both responses, indicating a similar dependency of each on extracellular @entity460 . Both c- @entity12516 and TH gene transcription rates were also elevated by entry of @entity460 due to the presence of the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 (5 microM). Comparison of the time dependence of the @entity6958 stimulation of c- @entity12516 and TH gene transcription revealed similar time courses. Both were rapid and transient, peaking within 10-30 min of nicotinic receptor occupancy and returning to control values by 1 h. This simultaneous activation of the TH and c- @entity12516 genes indicates that @entity12516 induction cannot be responsible for the stimulation of TH gene transcription. This conclusion was further supported by a failure of @entity11007 (100 microM) pretreatment of chromaffin cells, which blocked protein synthesis 99%, to have any effect on either the rapid stimulation of TH gene transcription or the length of time that the TH gene was activated by @entity6958 . Thus, neither @entity12516 nor other high turnover-rate transcription factors appear to be responsible for the stimulation, or return to control level, of TH gene activity following nicotinic stimulation of chromaffin cells. In other experiments, treating chromaffin cells with a combination of maximally effective concentrations of @entity6958 and @entity1928 was found to produce no greater stimulation of TH gene transcription than either agent alone, suggesting that @entity6958 acts through the same mechanism as @entity1928 . Taken together, these results support the conclusion that the mechanism of TH gene activation in chromaffin cells by @entity6958 involves a @entity1919 -dependent process and not the induction of transcription factors such as @entity12516 .

title: The transient nicotinic stimulation of XXXX hydroxylase gene transcription in @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells is independent of c- @entity12516 gene activation.

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity6958 :: ('MESH:D004246', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylphenylpiperazinium', 'DMPP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of @entity63 and reperfusion on the transmural levels of @entity413 and @entity880 in the interstitium in 11 open-chest @entity1707 . Microdialysis probes were used to estimate changes in interstitial metabolities across the ventricular wall. Probes were placed in the subepicardium and the subendocardium of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery perfusion bed and in the midmyocardium of the circumflex ( @entity5443 ) perfusion bed. The @entity1347 coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with blood from the femoral artery through an extracorporal perfusion circuit. @entity63 was induced in the @entity1347 perfusion bed by reducing the flow of the @entity1347 perfusion pump by 60% for 50 min, and was followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow was assessed with fluorescent microspheres. @entity63 resulted in a transmural gradient in blood flow, with the most severe reduction in flow occurring in the subendocardium (p < 0.05). We found a significant reduction in interstitial @entity413 in both the @entity1347 (1.26 +/- 0.24 mM) (p = 0.0009) and subendocardium (0.89 +/- 0.21 mM) (p = 0.0001) during @entity63 compared to the aerobic (non-ischemic) period (1.97 +/- 0.25 mM, 2.03 +/- 0.29 mM for the subepicardium and subendocardium, respectively). This coincided with a significant reduction in @entity413 delivery ( @entity1347 pump flow * arterial @entity413 ) to the @entity1347 perfusion bed during @entity63 (54.5 +/- 8.5 mumol/min) compared to aerobic values (182.1 +/- 25.3 mumol/min) (p < 0.05). Interstitial @entity880 levels were significantly increased during @entity63 in the @entity1347 subendocardium (3.39 +/- 0.46 mM) compared to the aerobic values (1.73 +/- 0.46 mM) (p < 0.0029). A transmural gradient in interstitial @entity880 levels was observed during @entity63 : this gradient was not seen during the aerobic period and was negated upon reperfusion. In conclusion, @entity63 resulted in a decrease in interstitial @entity413 in both the @entity1347 and subendocardium, and an increase in interstitial @entity880 in the @entity1347 subendocardium. Further, a transmural gradient in interstitial @entity880 levels was observed during @entity63 , with the highest @entity880 values appearing in the subendocardium.

title: Decreased interstitial XXXX and transmural gradient in @entity880 during @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD subepicardium', 'LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity1271 problems were assumed to decrease profitability of dairy @entity291 through milk price, treatment cost, and involuntary culling cost. Milk price decreased through a stepwise function of @entity7018 (actual French conditions). A continuous latent variate was supposed to trigger other costs through appropriate thresholds. The relative weights for one genetic standard deviation in the selection objective were 1, -.07, and -.14 for yield, @entity7018 , and @entity1271 liability, respectively. @entity74 were predicted for a conventional breeding scheme using statistical parameters from the literature. Selection on yield and log @entity7018 , with or without @entity1271 culling rate, increased genetic gains for the overall profitability of .7 or .9%, respectively, compared with selection on yield only. Increases of log @entity7018 and @entity1271 problems because of selection were substantially reduced (40 to 60%). Consequences from constraint of the genetic trend for @entity1271 liability to zero depended on the method used to assess @entity1271 problems. Use of log @entity7018 had a significant and variable negative impact (-8.9 to -36% according to parameters) on overall efficiency compared with the relevant unconstrained selection. Simultaneous use of log @entity7018 and culling rate had a moderate effect (-4.9 to -7.4%) on overall efficiency compared with that from unconstrained selection.

title: A simulation study of selection methods to improve @entity1271 resistance of dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Annual genetic gains']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical resection remains the most effective treatment in @entity1 with @entity358 of @entity1358 . To our knowledge the prognostic significance of mediastinal and hilar lymph node @entity3 during pulmonary metastasectomy in @entity1 with @entity1358 is unknown. We analyzed the value of computerized tomography to predict mediastinal/hilar lymph node involvement as well as the impact of systematic lymphadenectomy on survival in @entity1 with @entity1358 @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed survival in 110 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity358 of @entity1358 using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was done by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 was histologically proved in 35% of @entity1 . @entity3 was not associated with initial @entity5 grade, lymph node status, the number of pulmonary @entity3 or recurrent @entity358 . Computerized tomography had 84% sensitivity and 97% specificity to predict lymph node @entity3 . Sensitivity was markedly better for detecting mediastinal than hilar lymph node @entity3 (90% vs 69%). @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 had significantly shorter median survival than @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 (19 vs 102 months, p <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity5 infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes were an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 survival. Match paired analysis showed that after lymph node dissection @entity1 showed a trend toward improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal and hilar lymph node @entity3 significantly correlate with decreased survival. Systematic lymphadenectomy provides valuable information on staging and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity358 of @entity1358 , and may prolong survival.

title: Tumor infiltrated hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes are an independent prognostic factor for decreased survival after pulmonary metastasectomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'pulmonary renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The grim prognosis of @entity2 , that has an overall 10-15% survival at 5 years, remains in the US the leading cause of @entity5 mortality, provides a compelling rationale for studying the molecular basis of this malignancy. Surmising the common, general association with smoking, @entity2 differ at the microscopic, anatomical, epidemiological and clinical level and harbor complex genetic and epigenetic alterations. Currently, @entity2 is divided into @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) for the purpose of clinical management. ( @entity1149 ) constitutes 80-85% of @entity2 and is further divided into histological subtypes such as @entity420 , @entity957 , and @entity152 , etc. The ultimate goal for @entity2 research is to develop a strategy to block the @entity5 progression and improve the prognosis of @entity2 . This goal can realistically be achieved only when the biological complexity of this disease is taken into account. To this end, identification and understanding of molecular markers that are mechanistically involved in @entity5 progression is needed. Our recent studies suggest histological subtype-dependent distinct correlations between the expression and/or subcellular localization of @entity5 suppressive @entity24208 with the progression and prognosis of @entity1149 . @entity24208 is an epithelial specific member of the @entity563 protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily but recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of @entity17029 ( @entity17029 ). This novel biochemical activity coincides with a consensus emerged recently from the evidence that nuclear @entity24208 confers better differentiated epithelial phenotypes, decreased @entity5 angiogenesis, @entity5 sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis, and a more favorable prognosis. In the current review, we discuss the evidence that @entity24208 may be a marker that stratifies the progression and prognosis of different subtypes of @entity1149 .

title: The natural XXXX suppressor protein @entity24208 and potential application in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity17029 :: ('3065', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC1', 'histone deacetylase 1']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Circadian Aspects of @entity117 Induced Injury and Protective Effect of @entity5616 on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In a randomised parallel double-blind study the gastric and duodenal effects of 300 mg @entity117 ( @entity1281 , CAS 50-78-2) daily in the presence and absence of 150 mg @entity5616 (Zantic, CAS 66357-35-5) daily was evaluated in 32 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 16) or at 8 p.m. (n = 16). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages: 8 a.m. group: @entity1281 /placebo 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum): @entity1281 / @entity5616 1.0 +/- 0.0 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). 8 p.m. group: @entity1281 /placebo 0.9 +/- 0.06 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.09 (duodenum). @entity1281 / @entity5616 0.8 +/- 0.08 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesions score increased in the @entity1281 /Placebo group in the 8 a.m. group to 9.1 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and 2.7 +/- 1.0 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m. group to 10.9 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 duodenum). The corresponding values in the @entity1281 / @entity5616 group were 2.6 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.08 (duodenum) (8 a.m.) and 4.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.). There was no statistical difference between the morning- and the evening dose of @entity1281 . In addition, @entity5616 protection was also time-independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Circadian aspects of XXXX induced injury and protective effect of @entity5616 on the the upper gastrointestinal tract].

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'Acetylsalicylic Acid']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) and its inducer IL-12 have multiple biological activities that are important in generating @entity1198 responses and inflammatory tissue damage. We investigated serum concentration of the novel proinflammatory @entity1198 cytokine; @entity8923 , and its inducer IL-12 in @entity1 with immune @entity627 . Group I comprised32 @entity1 of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), Group II comprised 36 @entity1 of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Group III comprised 9 @entity1 (2 @entity1 of Behcet, 2 @entity1 of @entity6017 , 2 @entity1 of @entity10632 , one @entity1 of @entity2631 , and 2 @entity1 of Mixed @entity2597 ). Group IV is a control group consists of 21 sex and age matched healthy subjects and correlated their levels with autoantibody concentration (ANA and ds-DNA), clinical grades and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Serum @entity8923 , IL-12, ANA and ds-DNA were measured by enzyme immuno sorbent assay. @entity8923 , IL-12 and ANA were significantly higher in the three studied groups than in the control group ( @entity8923 ; P < 0.001 in the three groups, IL-12; P = 0.019, P = 0.002, and P = 0.006, and ANA; P < 0.001, P = 0.002,and P = 0.006, respectively).ds-DNA was significantly higher in @entity1252 @entity1 than in control group (P < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between; A) levels of @entity8923 ,and both ANA and ds-DNA in @entity1252 @entity1 (r = 0.41,P = 0.001, r = 0.58 and P=0.001 respectively); and B) @entity8923 and ANA in both @entity309 and group III @entity1 (r = 0.32, P = 0.005, r = 0.61and P = 0.022 respectively). Also, there were significant positive correlation between the levels of @entity8923 and clinical grades of the three groups (r = 0.60,P = 0.001, r = 0.79,P = 0.001, r = 0.78 and P= 0.001 respectively). In @entity1252 @entity1 , @entity8923 concentration shows significant positive correlation with @entity1252 score (r = 0.76, P = 0.001). In conclusion, the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity8923 and IL-12 ) may trigger the inflammatory process in immune @entity627 and @entity8923 is correlated with disease activity

title: Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and XXXX ) in immune @entity627 : relation with disease activity and autoantibodies production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'SLEDAI', 'SLE disease activity index', 'systemic lupus erythmatosus']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['Sicca syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: Through multibarrelled microelectrodes, simultaneous extracellular unit recording, microniotophoretic application of @entity2227 and pressure ejection of picoliter volumes of @entity134 hormones were carried out in order to study the effects of @entity53 on spontaneous and @entity2227 -induced activity in the female @entity840 brain. Preliminary were undertaken to ascertain the reliability of the method. Reversible and dose-dependent unspecific fluid effects inhibited the neuron discharge. These effects were mainly observed when the discharge was induced by @entity2227 and also occurred on spontaneous activity. A control procedure was adopted to avoid fluid effects when testing @entity134 hormones. Recordings from 280 septopreoptic neurons indicated that local application of @entity53 increased (13.93%) or decreased (3.93%) the discharge frequency. Responses were elicited within 30 sec after the pressure was turned on. This finding suggests a direct hormonal action on membrane functioning. In addition, the effects of pressure-applied @entity701 were tested on 13 @entity53 -sensitive neurons. Two neurons discriminated between the two hormones whereas 11 responded in a very similar manner. These results are discussed in terms of the stereoselectivity of the @entity134 -sensitive neurons.

title: Pressure ejection of drugs on single neurons in vivo: Technical considerations and application to the study of XXXX effects.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: @entity1 with high-grade @entity242 arising from the scapula or periscapular soft tissues traditionally have been treated with either a total scapulectomy or a wide, en bloc, extraarticular scapular resection, termed the Tikhoff-Linberg resection. The major challenge after such resections is to restore shoulder girdle stability while preserving a functional hand and elbow. The current authors describe three @entity1 who had an extraarticular, total scapula resection (modified Tikhoff-Linberg) for a high-grade @entity242 . Each @entity1 had reconstruction with a constrained (rotator cuff-substituting) total scapula prosthesis in an effort to optimally restore the normal muscle force couples of both glenohumeral and scapulothoracic mechanisms. At latest followup, the @entity85 Society functional score was 24 to 27 of 30 (80%-90%). All @entity1 had a stable, painless shoulder and functional hand and elbow. Forward flexion and abduction ranged from 25 degrees to 40 degrees. @entity717 (internal rotation, T6; external rotation -10 degrees) below shoulder level, shoulder extension, and adduction were preserved. Protraction, retraction, elevation, and abduction of the scapula were restored and contributed to shoulder motion and upper extremity stabilization. There were no complications. Total scapula reconstruction with a constrained total scapula prosthesis is a safe and reliable method for reconstructing the shoulder girdle after resection of select high-grade @entity242 . The authors emphasize the clinical indications, prosthetic design, surgical technique, and early functional results.

title: Constrained total scapula reconstruction after resection of a high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Glenohumeral rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the @entity130 and outcomes of ejected victims who reached a Level I @entity130 center with nonejected MVC occupants. METHODS: Data from 6,909 MVC victims admitted to a Level I @entity130 center, over a 91/2-year period, were retrospectively reviewed. Three mutually exclusive groups were studied: ejected, nonejected nonrestrained, and nonejected restrained. RESULTS: The @entity1 distribution was as follows: ejected 6.4% (n = 443), nonrestrained 50.1% (n = 3,461), and restrained 43.5% (n = 3,005). Ejected @entity1 were younger, required ICU care more frequently, and a higher percentage were males compared with nonrestrained or restrained @entity1 . Injury Severity Score (ISS) and length of stay (LOS) were significantly higher in ejected @entity1 . Ejected @entity1 suffered more @entity130 per anatomic region, and had a higher number of severe @entity130 in the head and neck region. The overall in-hospital mortality was 3.9% (272/6,909), and 10.8% (48/443) for the ejected group. The incidence of restrained @entity1 increased during the study period but was not associated with a change in the incidence of ejected @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 who were ejected after motor vehicle collisions were more severely injured and had a worse outcome than those not ejected. Efforts should be concentrated on enforcement and enactment of better seat belt laws, as well as the development of new strategies that will prevent ejection regardless of occupant behavior.

title: Analysis of motor vehicle ejection victims admitted to a level I XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Claudins are major tight junction proteins that regulate the integrity and function of tight junctions. Aberrant expression of claudins has been shown in @entity189 with diverse prognostic implications. However, their expression pattern and prognostic value have not been investigated in @entity189 . This is the first study to characterize the expression pattern of claudins 1, 4, and 7 in a cohort of 176 @entity1 with @entity189 and a minimum follow-up of 9.4 years. Immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative assessment of expression of claudins 1, 4, and 7 was performed on 176 biopsy specimens. Results were correlated with sex, age, extent of @entity5 , lymph node status, the presence or absence of distant @entity3 , and @entity1 survival. High expression of @entity24177 (72.2% and 88.1%) and low expression of @entity17291 (82.4%) were frequently detected. Low @entity17290 expression (P = .020) and high @entity17291 expression (P < .001) were associated with distant @entity3 . Elevated @entity17291 expression also correlated with high @entity5 stage (P = .001). Furthermore, decreased @entity17290 expression (P = .003) and increased @entity17291 expression (P < .001) independently predicted shorter distant @entity3 -free survival by Cox regression analysis. @entity17290 and @entity17291 may be a novel biomarker for the prediction of distant @entity3 and unfavorable prognosis in @entity189 .

title: Expression pattern and prognostic significance of claudins 1, 4, and 7 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['various carcinomas', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 is an @entity792 that affects the @entity149 and involves @entity32 and @entity17 . The recent advances in our understanding of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and the utilization of these cells in clinical settings to treat diseases have made it essential to identify the most effective ASCs for therapy. Studies have not yet investigated the impact of @entity28 on the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs. Obesity is characterized by adipocyte @entity1373 and @entity1184 and can extend to @entity4903 . Investigating the impact @entity28 has on ASC biology will determine whether these cells are suitable for use in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic efficacy of ASCs isolated from lean subjects (body mass index [BMI]   <   25; lnASCs) and @entity28 subjects (BMI   >   30; obASCs) were determined in @entity19 @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), a model of @entity15 . Compared with the @entity6503 disease-modifying effects of lnASCs, obASCs consistently failed to alleviate clinical symptoms or inhibit @entity32 in the central nervous system. When activated, obASCs expressed higher mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with lnASCs. Additionally, conditioned media (CM) collected from the obASCs markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of T cells; whereas, CM from lnASC did not. These results indicate that @entity28 reduces, or eliminates, the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity1 ASCs such that they may not be a suitable cell source for the treatment of @entity792 . The data suggest that donor demographics may be particularly important when identifying suitable stem cells for treatment. Stem Cells 2016.

title: XXXX Adipose Stromal/Stem Cells from Obese Donors Show Reduced Efficacy in Halting Disease Progression in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['white matter of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'Multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity5165 from fish consumption has been linked to a potentially increased risk of @entity65 , but evidence from prior studies is equivocal. Beneficial effects of the ingestion of fish and @entity4259 may also modify such effects. METHODS: Among subjects from two U.S. cohorts (a total of 51,529 @entity1 and 121,700 @entity1 ) whose toenail clippings had been stored, we prospectively identified incident cases of @entity65 ( @entity301 and @entity64 ) in 3427 @entity1 and matched them to risk-set-sampled controls according to age, sex, race, and smoking status. Toenail @entity349 and @entity4259 concentrations were assessed with the use of neutron-activation analysis. Other demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, fish consumption, and lifestyle habits were assessed by means of validated questionnaires. Associations between @entity349 exposure and incident @entity65 were evaluated with the use of conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Median toenail @entity349 concentrations were 0.23  g per gram (interdecile range, 0.06 to 0.94) in the case @entity1 and 0.25  g per gram (interdecile range, 0.07 to 0.97) in the controls. In multivariate analyses, @entity1 with higher @entity349 exposures did not have a higher risk of @entity65 . For comparisons of the fifth quintile of @entity349 exposure with the first quintile, the relative risks were as follows: @entity301 , 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.04; P=0.10 for trend); @entity64 , 0.84 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.14; P=0.27 for trend); and total @entity65 , 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.01; P=0.06 for trend). Findings were similar in analyses of @entity1 with low @entity4259 concentrations or low overall fish consumption and in several additional sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of any clinically relevant adverse effects of @entity349 exposure on @entity301 , @entity64 , or total @entity65 in U.S. adults at the exposure levels seen in this study. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).

title: XXXX exposure and risk of @entity65 in two U.S. cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['Mercury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) and @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) are widespread within the lumbosacral spine. Their connection to @entity615 has been debated in the current literature; however, there is no consensus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of LSTV and @entity7674 with that of LDH among young @entity1 with @entity615 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1094 @entity1 with @entity615 , aged between 20 and 40 years, with @entity615 history persisting for longer than 12 weeks were studied. All the @entity1 in the study were evaluated with standard pelvic radiographs and lumbar vertebra magnetic resonance imaging. The severity of @entity158 was measured using the visual analog scale, and the effect of @entity615 on daily life activities was measured using the Oswestry disability index. The @entity1 were separated into two groups: Group 1 consisted of @entity1 without LDH, and Group 2 consisted of @entity1 with LDH. Additionally, these two groups were separated into three subgroups: Non-LSTV- @entity7674 , LSTV, and @entity7674 . RESULTS: It was determined that LSTV frequency was significantly higher (p=0.004) in the @entity890 . In addition, the existence of LSTV increased the risk of @entity615 (p<0.001, p<0.001) and disability (p<0.001, p<0.001) in young @entity1 with and without LDH or not. However, the presence of @entity7674 did not increase @entity615 (p=0.251, p=0.200) and disability (p=0.134, p=0.161) in both groups. CONCLUSION: A relationship was detected between the frequency of LDH and LSTV in young @entity1 with @entity615 between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Also, the presence of LSTV was found to increase the risk of @entity615 and disability.

title: Are Transitional Vertebra and @entity7674 Related with XXXX and Clinical Parameters in Young @entity1 with Chronic Low Back Pain?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'spina bifida occulta']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and/or lower back pain', 'chronic lower back pain', 'lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation group 2']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['Lumbar Disc Herniation']


abstract: Every physician managing @entity1 with @entity29 should be alert to the possibility of the development of @entity74 , especially in @entity1 with extensive @entity1049 . There is the question concerning type of follow-up study to be instituted in @entity1 with @entity8787 . Elevation of the level of serum alkaline phosphatase appears to be the most useful and consistent biochemical indicator of @entity409 (101). This should be estimated at six monthly intervals. A persistent elevation of the level of serum alkaline phosphatase or more overt clinical manifestations, such as @entity158 in the right upper quadrant, @entity382 , @entity3883 or @entity353 , would all indicate the need for further investigations. This would normally take the form of roentgenologic investigation of the biliary tree and biopsy of the liver. Once a @entity1 with @entity8787 has been diagnosed as having one or more @entity74 , what is the appropriate management? Each instance should be treated individually according to the nature of the disorder. In general, most of these conditions are histologic abnormalities and are of little clinical importance. There is the question of whether or not there is a role for prophylactic colectomy. There has been conflicting evidence to both support and refute the rationale that colectomy will prevent the development of, or arrest, existing @entity409 . In the view of the authors, based upon a large experience with the management of these @entity1 , the indication for colectomy should be based upon the severity and extent of @entity1049 and almost never upon the existence of associated @entity74 .

title: @entity74 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the liver', 'hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disorders']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease', 'colonic involvement']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: This paper studies the mortality and @entity5 morbidity of the 470 male workers involved in tackling the 1957 Sellafield Windscale fire or its subsequent clean-up. Workers were followed up for 50 years to 2007, extending the follow-up of a previously published cohort study on the Windscale fire by 10 years. The size of the study population is small, but the cohort is of interest because of the involvement of the workers in the accident. Significant excesses of @entity204 from diseases of the circulatory system (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 120, 95% CI = 103-138; 194 @entity204 ) driven by @entity299 ( @entity299 ) (SMR = 133, 95% CI = 112-157, 141 @entity204 ) were found when compared with the population of England and Wales but not when compared with the population of Northwest England (SMR = 105, 95% CI = 90-120 and SMR = 115, 95% CI = 97-136 respectively). When compared with those workers in post at the time of the fire but not directly involved in the fire the mortality rate from @entity299 among those involved in tackling the fire was raised but not statistically significantly (rate ratio (RR) = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.92-1.33). A RR of 1.11 is consistent with an excess relative risk of 0.65 Sv(-1) as reported in an earlier study of non- @entity5 mortality in the British Nuclear Fuels plc cohort of which these workers are a small but significant part. There was a statistically significant difference in @entity2 mortality (RR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.05-4.52) rates between workers who had received higher recorded external doses during the fire and those who had received lower external doses. Comparison of the mortality rates of workers directly involved in the accident with workers in post, but not so involved, showed no significant differences overall. On the basis of the use of a propensity score the average effect of involvement in the Windscale fire on all causes of @entity204 was - 2.13% (se = 3.64%, p = 0.56) though this difference is not statistically significant. The average effect of involvement in the Windscale fire was - 5.53% (se = 3.81, p = 0.15) for all @entity5 mortality and 6.60% (se = 4.03%, p = 0.10) for @entity299 mortality though neither figure was statistically significant. This analysis of the mortality and @entity5 morbidity experience of those Sellafield workers involved in the 1957 Windscale fire does not reveal any measurable effect of the fire upon their health. Although this study has low statistical power for detecting small adverse effects, due to the relatively small number of workers, it does provide reassurance that no significant health effects are associated with the 1957 Windscale fire even after 50 years of follow-up.

title: Mortality and XXXX registration experience of the Sellafield workers known to have been involved in the 1957 Windscale accident: 50 year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that exercise training results in compensatory mechanisms that attenuate @entity353 . However, this has only been examined with large doses of exercise. The goal of this analysis was to examine actual @entity353 compared to predicted @entity353 (compensation) across different doses of exercise in a controlled trial of sedentary, overweight or @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 (n = 411). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity1 were randomized to a non-exercise control (n = 94) or 1 of 3 exercise groups; exercise energy expenditure of 4 (n = 139), 8 (n = 85), or 12 (n = 93) kcal/kg/week (KKW). Training intensity was set at the heart rate associated with 50% of each @entity1 's peak VO(2) and the intervention period was 6 months. All exercise was supervised. The main outcomes were actual @entity353 , predicted @entity353 (exercise energy expenditure/ 7700 kcal per kg), compensation (actual minus predicted @entity353 ) and waist circumference. The study sample had a mean (SD) age 57.2 (6.3) years, BMI of 31.7 (3.8) kg/m(2), and was 63.5% Caucasian. The adherence to the intervention was >99% in all exercise groups. The mean (95% CI) @entity353 in the 4, 8 and 12 KKW groups was -1.4 (-2.0, -0.8), -2.1 (-2.9, -1.4) and -1.5 (-2.2, -0.8) kg, respectively. In the 4 and 8 KKW groups the actual @entity353 closely matched the predicted @entity353 .0 kg, respectively, resulting in no significant compensation. In the 12 KKW group the actual @entity353 was less than the predicted @entity353 (-2.7 kg) resulting in 1.2 (0.5, 1.9) kg of compensation (P<0.05 compared to 4 and 8 KKW groups). All exercise groups had a significant reduction in waist circumference which was independent of changes in weight. CONCLUSION: In this study of previously sedentary, overweight or @entity28 , postmenopausal @entity1 we observed no difference in the actual and predicted @entity353 with 4 and 8 KKW of exercise (72 and 136 minutes respectively), while the 12 KKW (194 minutes) produced only about half of the predicted @entity353 . However, all exercise groups had a significant reduction in waist circumference which was independent of changes in weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00011193.

title: Changes in weight, waist circumference and compensatory responses with different doses of exercise among sedentary, overweight postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss of -1.0 and -2', 'weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Periodontal tissue engineering is a complex process requiring the regeneration of bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL). Since cementum regeneration is poorly understood, we used a @entity235 model of @entity39 and in vitro cellular wounding and mineralization assays to determine the mechanism of action of @entity6086 , @entity15383 , in cementogenesis. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by qRT-PCR were used to assay responses of periapical tissues to @entity15383 treatment. Additionally, viability, proliferation, migration, and mineralization responses of @entity1 mesenchymal PDL cells to @entity15383 were assayed. Finally, biochemical inhibitors and siRNA were used to investigate @entity15383 -mediated signaling in PDL cell differentiation. In vivo, @entity15383 -treated teeth formed a neocementum in a @entity23517 ( @entity23517 )-positive cellular environment. LCM-harvested tissues adjacent to the neocementum exhibited higher mRNA levels for @entity23517 , @entity16240 , and @entity8087 than central PDL cells. In vitro, @entity15383 and @entity23517 promoted STRO-1-positive cell proliferation, migration, and wound closure. @entity15383 stimulated expression of the cementum-specific proteins @entity23517 and @entity23518 /CAP in an @entity3963 -dependent manner. Lastly, @entity15383 stimulated mineralization by @entity23517 -positive cells. Blocking @entity23517 and @entity3963 function abolished @entity15383 -induced mineralization, confirming a role for @entity23517 and @entity3963 in the process. @entity15383 promotes cementogenesis and recruits STRO-1-positive mesenchymal PDL cells to undergo cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization via a @entity23517 - and @entity3963 -dependent pathway.

title: @entity6086 promotes cementogenesis and induces cementoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal periodontal ligament cells in a XXXX - and @entity3963 -dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['dental pulpal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16240 :: ('3381', 'Gene') :: ['integrin-binding sialoprotein']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity23517 :: ('752014', 'Gene') :: ['STRO-1- and cementum protein-1', 'CEMP1']

answer: @entity23517 :: (752014,Gene) :: ['CEMP1']


abstract: Three out of 140 @entity1 with @entity1893 treated in a Department of Internal Medicine showed @entity2741 during their clinical course. @entity2741 was symptomatic in two @entity1 causing @entity177 in one of them and a @entity9555 in the other. In the third case @entity2741 was a casual finding. Serum @entity460 levels varied between 14.8 and 16.6 mg/100 ml; serum @entity1391 and tubular reabsorption of @entity1391 were normal. Alkaline phosphatase were high in the three cases. @entity79 was present in two cases. Transient responses were obtained with the administration of @entity229 and calcitonin associated to forced diuresis. @entity3352 was ineffective. Pathogenesis of @entity2741 could be related to the release of an osteoclastic activator factor. The role of @entity2918 and the presence of PTH-like mechanisms were discarded in our cases by indirect methods. The poor prognosis of @entity1 with non-hogkin's @entity706 and @entity2741 in stressed.

title: [Hipercalcemia and XXXX . Report of three @entity1 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: Purpose. To develop an institutional @entity64 database at West Virginia University to support the classification and description of clinical and radiographic characteristics of @entity64 in @entity1 living in rural areas. Methods. A custom-made database was developed using Microsoft Access to include specific query forms for data retrieval. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical record of pediatric @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity64 , with emphasis on clinical presentation, risk factors, and neuroimaging studies between 2000 and 2012. Results. In the @entity1 group, @entity1333 and @entity49 were identified less frequently than reported. In the neonate group, only extremely sick, symptomatic patents were acutely diagnosed with @entity64 . Conclusion. @entity1 with the most common risk factors for @entity64 ( @entity299 ) were overrepresented. This suggests that in @entity1 receiving medical attention in rural areas less common risk factors for @entity64 might not be identified, increasing the risk recurrence. Increased index of suspicion is needed about @entity64 in rural areas, and early transfer to a tertiary care center for identification of risk factors is mandatory.

title: West Virginia University Pediatric Stroke Registry: Clinical Description and Risk Factors Identification in XXXX From a Rural Area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric stroke', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary stones are known predisposing factors for @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) which are commonly detected at advanced stage with poor outcome because of rarity and lack of specific criteria for early detection. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The main aim was to evaluate the impact of age, gender andstone characteristics on risk of developing @entity3484 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1790 . We also discuss the role of @entity7499 ( @entity7499 ) and immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity2225 and Ki-67 in diagnosis of pelvicalyceal neoplastic (NL) and pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of pelvicalyceal urothelial lesions from 88 nephrectomy specimens were carried out in a tertiary care centre from June 2012 to December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 selected cases. Computed image analysis was performed to analyse @entity7499 . RESULTS: All @entity3484 (5.7%) and metaplastic lesions were found to be associated with stones. Some 60% were @entity957 and 40% were @entity1606 . Odd ratios for developing NL and PNL lesions in presence of @entity1290 , impacted stones, multiple and large stag horn stones were 9.39 (95% CI 1.15-76.39, p value 0.05), 6.28 (95% CI 1.59-24.85, p value 0.000) and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.29-23.94, p value 0.001) respectively. When @entity1 age was >=  55, the odds ratio for developing NL was 3.43 (95% CI 1.19-9.88, p value 0.019). IHC analysis showed that mean Ki-67 indices were 3.15    3.63 % for non-neoplastic lesions, 10.0  9.45 % for PNL and 28.0   18.4% for NL. Sensitivity and specificity of @entity2225 , @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity7499 were 76% and 95.9%; 100% and 27.5%; 100% and 26.5%; 92.3 % and 78.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Age >= 55 years, large stag horn stones, multiple stones and impacted stones are found to be associated with increased risk of NL and PNL in UUT. For flat lesions, a panel of markers, Ki 67 index >10 and presence of @entity7499 were more useful than individual markers.

title: Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors and Immunohistochemical Findings for Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic lesions of Upper Urinary Tract in @entity1 with Chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['UUTC', 'upper urinary tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant angiogenesis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['pure squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['Nephrolithiasis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Repeated administration of the @entity935 D2/D3 agonist @entity11640 (QNP) progressively increases non-regulatory water intake. This effect may model @entity716 , a potentially fatal but poorly understood condition. OBJECTIVES: The growing evidence for a role of orexin in mediating arousal and cognition has linked this peptide to @entity161 , hence we examined whether manipulations of dopaminergic and orexinergic systems, as well as of setting, would further characterize the model. METHODS: Water intake was measured in @entity35 sequentially tested in home and then operant conditioning setting, with chronic administration of D2 antagonist @entity1767 ( @entity18899 ) prior to QNP treatment. A group of @entity35 similarly treated was also assessed for @entity22658 ( @entity22658 ) expression in the cortex. Finally, the effect of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist @entity23908 on QNP-induced @entity4683 was evaluated. RESULTS: In @entity35 made polydipsic by QNP the amount of water drank during the first 4 h was strongly correlated with the degree of dissociation between appetitive and consummatory components of @entity457 behavior in the following hour of operant access to water. @entity18899 0.2 mg/kg prevented both @entity4683 and the dissociation, while 0.1 mg/kg only blocked the dissociation. Chronic QNP treatment increased, in a @entity18899 -reversible way, @entity22658 expression in the somatosensory cortex (SI). Moreover, pretreatment with @entity23908 sped up and potentiated QNP-induced @entity4683 . CONCLUSIONS: Results disclose compulsive components in QNP-induced @entity4683 that are mediated by @entity935 D2 receptors. QNP also regulates @entity22658 expression in the SI, while the block of orexin-1 receptors enhances QNP-induced @entity4683 . We suggest that @entity935 and @entity22658 play opposite roles in QNP-induced @entity4683 .

title: Opposite roles of @entity935 and orexin in XXXX -induced excessive @entity457 : a @entity35 model of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking']

answer: @entity11640 :: (MESH:D019257,Chemical) :: ['quinpirole']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: @entity9296 ( @entity9296 ) and @entity7157 (BCCA) are @entity99 . Prior reports concerning the proper surgical treatment and long-term survival are scarce. We report our experience and survival outcome of 30 @entity1 over the last 25 years. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic data of the pathologically confirmed 18 @entity9296 and 12 BCCA @entity1 , who underwent operations from 1983 to 2006, at the Seoul National University Hospital. RESULTS: The @entity1 consisted of 8 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a mean age of 51 years. With abdominal computed tomography scans, 73.3% (n=22) were preoperatively diagnosed as @entity9296 or BCCA, and differentiating BCCA from @entity9296 was accurate in 58.3% @entity1 . R0 resection was achieved in 90% (n=27). The differentiating factors included the presence of mural nodule (4/18 vs. 8/12; p=0.009) and mucinous content (2/9 vs. 8/1; p=0.005), and @entity5 size tending to be larger in BCCA (11.7 cm vs. 7.9 cm; p=0.067). Overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates of BCCA were 72.9% and 60.9%, respectively. Of @entity1 with BCCA, 4 experienced recurrence. In case of recurrence, @entity1 tended to be younger than 50 years (p=0.061) and the lesions tended to be larger than those without recurrence (p=0.088). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative differentiations of @entity9296 from simple cyst, and BCCA from @entity9296 are still difficult. Complete @entity5 , via major hepatectomy, should be considered, especially in the younger age group with large @entity5 .

title: Clinical outcome and long term results after surgical treatment of XXXX and @entity7157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['rare cystic hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary cystadenoma', 'BCA']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity9296 :: (MESH:D003537,Disease) :: ['biliary cystadenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 that are expected to survive for longer, the risk of complications combined with the need for more vacuum drainage bottles have become barriers to the placement of indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), since these could increase costs. OBJETIVES: The objective of the current article is to determine the cost and efficiency of treating @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) with IPC in Spanish hospitals. METHODS: We compared the cost associated with the use of IPC per outpatient and per inpatient. We analyzed the number of consultations, length of hospital stay, and outcome of the procedure. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were recruited. Spontaneous pleurodesis was achieved in 34.4% of the cases. Post-catheterization complications were observed in 7.2%. Supplementary procedures were unnecessary and 87.7% of the @entity1 reported improved @entity1353 . In 64.9% of the cases, the IPCs were inserted during hospitalization with a median hospitalization time of 4 days (1-7.5). There were differences in the number of visits with more consultations being observed in the outpatient group. There was no difference in the number of vacuum drainage bottles used. The complications supposed a cost increase of    1045.6 per outpatient and    432.54 per inpatient. The overall average cost of treatment per outpatient was    3310.2 and    5450.3 per inpatient. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with IPC was effective, safe, without need of any more procedures and led to improved @entity1353 in more than 85% of the @entity1 . The cost is lower in the outpatient group, although complications represent an increased cost in both groups.

title: Management of XXXX by an indwelling pleural catheter: A cost-efficiency analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a debate as to whether universal drug coverage confers similar access to care at all @entity159 ( @entity159 ) levels. Experiences in Canada may bring light to questions raised regarding access. OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between @entity159 and access to cardiac care and outcomes in Canada's universal health care system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted to acute care hospitals in Quebec (QC), Ontario (ON), and British Columbia (BC), between 1996 and either 2000 (QC) or 2001 (ON, BC) with @entity583 , were identified using provincial government administrative databases (n = 145,882). MEASUREMENTS: Variables representing @entity159 grouped at the census area level were examined in association with use of cardiac medications and procedures, survival, and readmission, while adjusting for individual-level variables. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model was used to account for the nested structure of the data. RESULTS: Despite provincial variations in @entity159 and drug reimbursement policies, there were generally no associations between the @entity159 variables and access to cardiac medications or invasive cardiac procedures. The few exceptions were not consistent across @entity159 indicators and/or provinces. Similarly, the only observed effect of @entity159 on clinical outcomes was in BC, where there was increased 1-year mortality among @entity1 living in less-affluent regions (adjusted odds ratios per standard deviation change in proportion of low-income households, 95% Bayesian credible intervals, QC: 1.09, 0.96-1.25; ON: 1.02, 0.95-1.08; and BC: 1.18, 1.09-1.28). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intermediary factors other than @entity159 , such as @entity65 factors, likely account for observed "wealth-health" gradients in Canada. Implementation of a universal drug coverage policy could decrease socioeconomic disparities in access to health care.

title: Socioeconomic status, access to health care, and outcomes after XXXX in Canada's universal health care system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amblyopia results in deficits in a number of visual functions in both the amblyopic and dominant eye. The present work describes oscillatory movement displacement thresholds (OMDT) in childhood @entity4457 . METHODS: The OMDT from the dominant and @entity735 of 50 orthoptic @entity1 (aged 74 (SD 16) months) were compared with those from a group of 24 controls (79 (21) months). OMDT were measured using a forced choice staircase procedure. Subjects were asked to identify which of the computer controlled monitors displayed the oscillating stimulus. Visual acuity and stereoscopic responses were noted from clinical records. RESULTS: Amblyopic @entity1 demonstrating stereopsis showed no significant OMDT @entity735 . Those @entity1 having no stereopsis had elevated OMDT in the amblyopic eye (p < 0.05). Results suggest that the dominant eye of @entity1 with @entity4457 may also have a pattern of visual development which is anomalous (difference in correlation coefficient with age; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OMDT deficits demonstrated in some @entity735 indicate that @entity4457 is incompletely described by its "clinical" definition. Results suggest that the dominant eye in those with unilateral @entity4457 may not be "normal".

title: Movement hyperacuity in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopic eyes', 'deficit in the amblyopic eye']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the effect of @entity560 on insulin resistance and glycaemic control in @entity5710 . METHODS: A literature search was conducted of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science and www.clinicaltrials.gov, together with a historical search through the reference lists of relevant articles until end of June 2014. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials of @entity560 or @entity560 analogues in @entity5710 and if they reported homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance or 2-h plasma @entity413 after oral @entity413 tolerance test. Treatment effect was estimated according to mean difference in the changes from baseline of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test plasma @entity413 , fasting plasma @entity413 and HbA1c between @entity560 and control groups. Meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed. RESULTS: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included. @entity560 did not significantly improve homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test plasma @entity413 : the mean differences were -0.06 (95% CI -0.36 to 0.24) and -0.23 mmol/l (95% CI -0.65 to 0.19), respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested that @entity560 improved homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in a subgroup with baseline @entity14257 >=  50 nmol/l [mean difference -0.59 (95% CI -1.14 to -0.04); P=0.03] and improved 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test plasma @entity413 in the subgroup with baseline @entity14257 < 50 nmol/l [mean difference -0.68 mmol/l (95% CI -1.35 to -0.01); P=0.05]. @entity560 significantly reduced fasting plasma @entity413 and HbA1c levels. The mean differences were -0.10 mmol/l (95% CI -0.18 to -0.03), P=0.006 and -1 mmol/mol (95% CI -2 to 0), P=0.008, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No beneficial effect of @entity560 in improving insulin resistance was identified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of XXXX supplementation on insulin resistance and glycaemic control in @entity5710 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: @entity5123 is the most common @entity14253 , and it can be locally invasive, despite its slow growth. This study aimed to establish a novel cell line (AP-1) derived from a @entity1 @entity5123 sample to better understand local invasiveness of this @entity5 . @entity19 cell line was characterized by cell growth analysis, expression of epithelial and myoepithelial markers by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, 3D cell culture assays, cytogenetic features and transcriptomic study. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) was also analyzed by immunofluorescence and zymography. Furthermore, epithelial and myoepithelial markers, MMPs and TIMPs were studied in the @entity5 that originated the cell line. @entity19 cells showed neoplastic epithelial and myoepithelial markers, such as cytokeratins, @entity3111 , @entity14254 protein and smooth-muscle actin. These molecules were also found in vivo, in the @entity5 that originated the cell line. MMPs and TIMPs were observed in vivo and in @entity19 cells. Growth curve showed that AP-1 exhibited a doubling time of 3.342 days. @entity19 cells grown inside Matrigel recapitulated @entity5 architecture. Different numerical and structural @entity2008 were visualized in cytogenetic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis addressed expression of 7 target genes ( @entity3111 , @entity5783 , @entity5780 , @entity1235 , @entity5779 , @entity3113 e @entity14255 ). Results were compared to transcriptomic profile of non-neoplastic salivary gland cells (HSG). Only @entity1235 was not expressed in both libraries, and @entity3111 was expressed solely in AP-1 library. The major difference regarding gene expression level between AP-1 and HSG samples occurred for @entity5780 . This gene was 184 times more expressed in @entity19 cells. Our findings suggest that @entity19 cell line could be a useful model for further studies on @entity5123 biology.

title: A novel cell line derived from @entity5123 expresses @entity5780 , XXXX , @entity5779 , @entity5783 , and shows numeric @entity2008 .

entities_list: @entity14253 :: ('MESH:D012468', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity1235 :: (17395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MMP9']


abstract: The cell wall of @entity5132 lies at the crossroads of pathogenicity and therapeutics. It contributes to pathogenicity through adherence and invasion; it is the target of both chemical and immunological antifungal strategies. We have initiated a dissection of cell wall function through targeted insertional mutagenesis of cell wall-related genes. Among 25 such genes, we were unable to generate homozygous mutations in 4, and they may be essential for viability. We created homozygous mutations in the remaining 21 genes. Insertion mutations in SUN41, Orf19.5412, Orf19.1277, MSB2, Orf19.3869, and WSC1 caused @entity56 to the cell wall inhibitor @entity11794 , while two different ecm33 insertions caused mild @entity11794 resistance. Insertion mutations in SUN41 and Orf19.5412 caused biofilm defects. Through analysis of homozygous sun41Delta/sun41Delta deletion mutants and sun41Delta/sun41Delta+pSUN41-complemented strains, we verified that Sun41 is required for biofilm formation and normal @entity11794 tolerance. The sun41Delta/sun41Delta mutant had altered expression of four cell wall damage response genes, thus suggesting that it suffers a cell wall structural defect. Sun41 is required for inducing disease, because the mutant was severely attenuated in @entity19 models of disseminated and @entity11876 . Although the mutant produced aberrant hyphae, it had no defect in damaging endothelial or epithelial cells, unlike many other hypha-defective mutants. We suggest that the sun41Delta/sun41Delta cell wall defect is the primary cause of its attenuated virulence. As a small fungal surface protein with predicted glucosidase activity, Sun41 represents a promising therapeutic target.

title: Requirement for XXXX Sun41 in biofilm formation and virulence.

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), in accordance with the licensed indication, based upon the manufacturer's submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The ERG project ran between 22 January 2008 and 4 November 2008. The clinical evidence came from two unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cetuximab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of mCRC. A third RCT submitted later compared cetuximab with @entity2600 in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (FA) and cetuximab with @entity901 in combination with @entity1487 and FA in @entity1 with mCRC with liver @entity3 only. No published economic evaluations of cetuximab for first-line chemotherapy in mCRC were identified in the submission. A de novo model examined the cost-effectiveness of cetuximab in @entity1 with mCRC that was @entity470 positive, @entity984 wild type and with liver @entity3 . The main source of clinical effectiveness evidence came from the first two RCTs which provided follow up information for 1-2 years. Secondary information was used to estimate survival for a further 22 years. The model focused on the @entity1 for whom the treatment had been licensed. This limited the applicability of the model to the @entity9462 setting in which @entity1 would be a mixture of @entity984 wild type and mutations and also a mixture of @entity1 with liver @entity3 and other @entity3 . The difference in progression-free survival for the two trials was between 0.5 to 1.2 months over a 7-10 month period. Eight months' treatment with cetuximab, given as an initial loading dose and then weekly until progression, would cost around 22,932 pounds for an average @entity1 and 18,427 pounds for an average @entity1 . It is uncertain whether this constitutes good value for money. The guidance issued by NICE on 25 September 2008 stated that cetuximab was not recommended for the first-line treatment of mCRC and @entity1 currently receiving cetuximab for the first-line treatment of mCRC should have the option to continue treatment until they and their clinicians consider it appropriate to stop.

title: Cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be obtained both over the counter (OTC) and by prescription in the United States. OTC NSAID use is not recorded in prescription claims databases; this might lead to differential misclassification of NSAID exposure status in studies that use computerized pharmacy databases to study NSAID use. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of OTC versus prescription NSAID users. METHODS: This analysis is set within the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) study; a prospective cohort study of 6814 adults from four ethnic groups (European descent, Asian, African-American, and Hispanic) with a mean age of 62 years. The cohort was restricted to those who initiated NSAID use ( @entity117 , @entity5018 , or @entity1623 ) during follow-up. We compared information about age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, @entity6 , medication use, education, income, health insurance status, and exercise between groups. RESULTS: OTC NSAID use was prevalent at baseline (25% @entity117 , 9% @entity5018 , and 2% @entity1623 ). Compared to prescribed NSAID use, OTC NSAID use was lower for users of non-European descent for all classes: @entity117 (p < 0.0001), @entity5018 (p < 0.0001), and @entity1623 (p = 0.0094). For @entity117 , differences were seen for male gender (relative risk (RR): 0.92; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.98), use of lipid lowering drugs (RR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.80-0.96), low income (RR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.97), and @entity1 one standard deviation above average in intentional exercise (RR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.05). CONCLUSIONS: OTC NSAID use is prevalent in an older multi-ethnic population and OTC users differ from prescription NSAID users. Caution should be exercised when using prescribed NSAIDs as a proxy for NSAID use.

title: Demographic, medical, and behavioral characteristics associated with over the counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in a population-based cohort: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity19 genetically susceptible (withdrawal @entity410 prone; WSP) and resistant (withdrawal @entity410 resistant; WSR) to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) withdrawal @entity410 have been developed by selective breeding. WSP @entity19 show much more severe @entity167 withdrawal than WSR @entity19 after equal intensities of exposure to @entity167 . The present experiments report a systematic comparison between WSP and WSR @entity19 with respect to their neurosensitivity to two effects of @entity167 , @entity167 -induced @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) and loss of righting reflex (RR). The degree of tolerance developed to these effects was also compared between the lines. WSP and WSR @entity19 did not differ in sensitivity to @entity167 -induced @entity2332 . When @entity167 was administered daily for 3 days, both lines developed tolerance as evidenced by attenuated @entity2332 , but there was no line difference. Because blood @entity167 concentrations did not change, the tolerance was functional rather than pharmacokinetic. When twice-daily injections were given for 4 days before testing on the 5th day in an effort to increase the degree of tolerance achieved, functional tolerance was slightly greater in the WSR line than in the WSP line 90 to 120 min, but not 30 to 60 min, after @entity167 . In similar experiments, WSP and WSR @entity19 were found to have the same ED50 to @entity167 -induced loss of RR. The brain @entity167 concentrations of WSP and WSR @entity19 were the same at the time RR was lost and at the time RR was regained. Thus, neither line developed acute functional tolerance to this effect of @entity167 . WSR @entity19 lost RR more quickly than WSP @entity19 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sensitivity and tolerance to XXXX in @entity19 bred to be genetically prone or resistant to @entity1068 @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is the most common form of @entity387 . The standard treatment, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), has limited long-term compliance. Alternative treatment options are required and new methods, including @entity6256 ( @entity6256 ) and continuous transcutaneous electrical stimulation (CTES), are currently emerging. We report on @entity1 ' preference for different treatments of @entity27 . METHODS: We recorded @entity1 ' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire with 10 questions (FOSQ10), severity of @entity27 , and current treatment. We showed pictures of existing [CPAP, mandibular advancement device (MAD)] and emerging treatments ( @entity6256 and CTES). We then asked (I) whether @entity1 were interested in further information about @entity6256 /CTES; (II) if they would be willing to try @entity6256 /CTES; and (III) if they were to choose only one of the four listed treatments, which one would they prefer to use every night. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-two @entity1 completed the survey {81 males, mean age 52 [12] years, BMI 34 [7] kg/m(2), ESS 10.2 (6.0) points, FOSQ10 28.5 (8.1) points}. The majority of the respondents (89.5%) had been diagnosed with @entity27 . A total of 91.3% of the respondents were interested in more information and were willing to try @entity6256 /CTES. Most respondents preferred the potential use of CTES (56.7%), while 21.7% chose @entity6256 , 17.8% CPAP, and 3.8% the MAD. There were no differences in the characteristics of the @entity1 who preferred CTES compared to those who preferred other treatments, but a regression analysis revealed that a low ESS score was an independent predictor of @entity1 choosing CTES (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More than 9 out of 10 of the respondents were interested in trying emerging technologies to treat @entity27 , most preferring CTES. @entity25 @entity1 were more likely to choose less invasive treatments. These findings will likely impact on future research and development of therapies for @entity387 .

title: @entity1 ' preference of established and emerging treatment options for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['HNS', 'hypoglossal nerve stimulation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Less sleepy']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1069 has a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). Thus the identification of @entity1 with @entity32 is mandatory for Urologists. This study investigates which clinical, imaging and laboratory findings are used by Urologists in clinical practice to diagnose @entity1067 and @entity1069 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, non-interventional, observational study involving 30 Italian large-volume primary care urology centers. @entity1 were allocated into four diagnosis group: @entity1 with @entity1067 ; @entity1 with @entity1067 and @entity1069 ; @entity1 with @entity1069 alone; and @entity1 with LUTS due to other causes. RESULTS: In total, 6134 @entity1 were enrolled. @entity1067 diagnosis with or without @entity1069 was more frequent in older @entity1 , while @entity32 alone was prevalent in younger @entity1 . Predictive factors for diagnosis of @entity32 in all @entity1 , regardless of age, were normal urinary flow (OR: 2.73) and proved infection (OR: 5.90), while in older @entity1 (>61 years) diagnosis of @entity1069 was specifically predicted by higher PSA values (>= 4 ng/ml; OR: 2.91), normal prostate volume (OR: 10.23), mild symptoms (IPSS <8; OR: 1.84), presence of intraprostatic calcifications (OR: 4.55), and the combination of both @entity730 (OR: 10.79). CONCLUSIONS: In daily practice, the presence of @entity1069 is underestimated. A stricter application of established diagnostic criteria suggested would increase the detection rate of @entity1069 and potentially change the therapeutic approach in many @entity1 with LUTS.

title: Prevalence of XXXX based on clinical diagnostic criteria in a real-practice setting: a nationwide observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic prostatic inflammation', 'chronic prostate inflammation', 'chronic prostatic inflammation', 'concomitant prostate inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['infection and calcifications']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['chronic prostatic inflammation']


abstract: Meiotic chromosome segregation requires pairwise association between homologs, stabilized by the synaptonemal complex (SC). Here, we investigate factors contributing to pairwise synapsis by investigating meiosis in @entity5700 . We devised a strategy, based on transient inhibition of cohesin function, to generate polyploid derivatives of virtually any @entity2199 . We exploited this strategy to investigate the contribution of recombination to pairwise synapsis in tetraploid and @entity8338 . In otherwise wild-type polyploids, chromosomes first sort into homolog groups, then multipartner interactions mature into exclusive pairwise associations. Pairwise synapsis associations still form in recombination-deficient tetraploids, confirming a propensity for synapsis to occur in a strictly pairwise manner. However, the transition from multipartner to pairwise association was perturbed in recombination-deficient triploids, implying a role for recombination in promoting this transition when three partners compete for synapsis. To evaluate the basis of synapsis partner preference, we generated @entity5700 heterozygous for normal sequence and rearranged chromosomes sharing the same pairing center (PC). @entity8339 had no detectable preference for identical partners, indicating that PC-adjacent homology drives partner choice in this context. In contrast, @entity8338 exhibited a clear preference for identical partners, indicating that homology outside the PC region can influence partner choice. Together, our findings, suggest a two-phase model for @entity2199 synapsis: an early phase, in which initial synapsis interactions are driven primarily by recombination-independent assessment of homology near PCs and by a propensity for pairwise SC assembly, and a later phase in which mature synaptic interactions are promoted by recombination.

title: Manipulation of Karyotype in XXXX Reveals Multiple Inputs Driving Pairwise Chromosome Synapsis During Meiosis.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploid worms']

entities_list: @entity8338 :: ('MESH:D057885', 'Disease') :: ['triploid worms']

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['Tetraploid worms']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans strain']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mutations in the type 2 vasopressin receptor gene ( @entity17367 ) underlie @entity3040 ( @entity3040 ). Here, we report on a family with a mutation in @entity17367 , @entity21401 ( @entity21402 ). This recurrently identified mutation was previously shown to abolish @entity17367 function, yet in some affected members, urine osmolalities of up to 570 mosm/kg were observed. We detail the variable clinical phenotype and investigate its molecular basis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data and in vitro assessment of wild-type and @entity21402 -mutant receptors. RESULTS: Clinical data were available on 6 @entity1 . Four of these demonstrated a substantial increase in urinary concentration after 1-desamino[8-D-arginine] vasopressin, consistent with partial @entity3040 , while 2 did not respond. In vitro analysis revealed a reduced cell surface expression and decreased binding affinity for @entity369 -vasopressin of the mutant receptor, leading to blunted signaling activity. Treatment with the pharmacological chaperone @entity21403 enhanced cell surface expression. CONCLUSION: The @entity21402 mutation is associated with phenotypical diversity, which may be explained by the fact that both the expression level and the hormone-binding affinity are affected by the mutation. Our results provide a rational basis for treatment trials with @entity1951 analogues in combination with pharmacologic chaperones in @entity1 with this recurrently identified mutation.

title: Vasopressin type 2 receptor XXXX mutation: molecular basis of @entity3040 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'X-linked recessive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity21402 :: (p|SUB|V|88|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['V88M']


abstract: Screening for cDNAs encoding proteins similar to the @entity1372 -coupled @entity2227 transporter @entity6485 led to the isolation of a cDNA clone coding for a protein that turned out to be identical to the recently described neutral @entity535 transporter @entity19498 . The new member of the GLAST-related transporter family does not transport @entity2227 or @entity492 but @entity493 , @entity563 , @entity462 , and @entity1889 instead. The expressed sequence tag EST02446, a short cDNA sequence found in the course of a large-scale sequencing project of @entity1 brain-derived cDNAs, showed significant similarity to the eukaryotic @entity2227 transporter @entity6485 and was therefore used as probe in the search for further @entity2227 transporter cDNAs. Fragments of the cDNA were used for the isolation and characterization of @entity1 @entity19498 genomic clones. The ORF of 1572 bp encoding 524 @entity535 residues is distributed over 8 exons, which span at least 40 kb of @entity1 chromosomal DNA. The @entity19498 gene locus was assigned to chromosome 2p13-p15 by chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) studies. The gene structure is not related to any other previously characterized transporter gene. In contrast to the genes of the @entity1372 -coupled nonglutamate neurotransmitter transporters, it shows no obvious correspondence between intron/exon structure and transmembrane organization. The transcription start site in @entity1 liver tissue was determined by primer extension analysis to be located 291 bp upstream of the initiating ATG codon. The DNA region immediately upstream of the transcription start lacks any TATA or CAAT boxes but contains several binding sites for the transcription factors @entity3419 and @entity5738 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX neutral @entity535 transporter @entity19498 : structure of the gene ( @entity19498 ) and localization to chromosome 2p13-p15.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 46 Background: In @entity1 with @entity263 , medical castration remains a mainstay of treatment. A @entity251 level below 50 ng/dL has been previously accepted as an adequate level of @entity342 suppression and remains the benchmark level for clinical trials. However, there is mounting evidence that lower @entity251 levels may be associated with improved clinical outcomes. We evaluated our cohort of @entity1 with @entity263 to assess the impact of @entity251 suppression on progression to @entity263 ( @entity263 ). METHODS: @entity1 data was obtained from a prospective database of @entity1 undergoing @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) at a tertiary centre from 2006-2011. A total of 39 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion with at least 12 months follow-up. @entity1 were administered LHRH agonists or antagonist with @entity251 and @entity7735 assessments every 3 months. @entity1 were considered to have progressed to @entity263 when there were at least 2 consecutive rises in @entity7735 above nadir, clinical progression, or @entity204 from disease. @entity1 were stratified into two risk groups based on 6-month absolute and 1-year mean @entity251 levels following initiation of ADT. Baseline characteristics between risk groups were compared using the Student's t-test and chi-squared test. Probability of disease progression was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Median @entity1 follow up was 2.3 years with 38% free of disease at last follow up. @entity1 with 6-month absolute @entity251 less than 32 ng/dL had an increased time to @entity263 (log rank p=0.06). @entity1 with 1-year mean @entity251 less than 32 ng/dl had a significantly increased time to @entity263 (log rank p=0.005). @entity1 did not differ significantly in their baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate @entity251 suppression during ADT may play a clinically significant role in delaying @entity263 . While @entity7735 levels are often used to assess for response to ADT, the current study suggests @entity251 level in the first year following initiation of ADT may serve as an early predictor of disease progression.

title: @entity251 suppression: Impact of @entity251 level on disease progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['CRPC', 'castrate resistant prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: Six cases of primary advanced squamous @entity189 were treated with concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (C + RT). In five @entity1 it was given in preparation for surgery. The radiation was delivered to the whole pelvis in 10 equal daily fractions of either 2.0 or 2.5 Gy. @entity1138 (10 mg/m2) was given on Day 1, and @entity1487 (1,000 mg/m2) was given daily from Days 1 to 4, inclusive. All six @entity1 had satisfactory early @entity5 response. Three @entity1 received one course of C + RT and three were given two courses. One @entity1 died suddenly of unknown causes 6 days after completing the C + RT. One @entity1 with fixed groin nodes was treated with palliative intent. She maintained a complete local response but died 6 months later of liver metastases. The remaining four @entity1 underwent surgery without healing complications and are alive with no evidence of disease at 1, 4, 14, and 26 months. In our experience @entity189 can be reduced in size and extent by prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy and require less extensive surgery.

title: The use of concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to surgery in advanced stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulval carcinomas', 'carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) often complain of @entity426 . This can occur as the result of various @entity51 , including changes in postural adjustments, loss of postural reflexes, axial @entity910 and @entity2003 , freezing and/or postural @entity551 . In some cases these symptoms remain unexplained, and rare cases of @entity426 have been attributed to @entity400 on standing. To delineate this condition, we investigated 11 consecutive @entity191 @entity1 with unexplained @entity426 because of @entity400 on standing, seen in our department over a 6-year period. All the @entity1 had detailed clinical and electrophysiological investigations based on surface polygraphic electromyographic recordings. Four @entity1 had fast orthostatic @entity400 (13-18 Hz), one had intermediate orthostatic @entity400 (8-9 Hz), and three had slow orthostatic @entity400 (4-6 Hz). The remaining 3 @entity1 had @entity2045 , a condition that has not previously been reported in @entity191 . @entity1 with fast @entity400 improved on @entity2053 . @entity1 with slow @entity400 and @entity2045 improved on levodopa and sometimes benefited further when @entity2053 was added. These observations show the usefulness of neurophysiological investigations for diagnosing and treating unexplained @entity426 in @entity191 .

title: @entity2045 or @entity400 in orthostatism: an under-recognized cause of XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'orthostatic myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['unsteadiness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity426 :: (MESH:D020233,Disease) :: ['unsteadiness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the pathophysiology of chemokine secretion in @entity46 may offer a novel area of therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to identify chemokines differentially expressed in epithelial glands in eutopic endometrium from normal @entity1 and those with @entity46 , and to establish the expression profiles of key chemokines in endometriotic lesions. METHODS: Laser capture microdissection isolated epithelial glands from endometrial eutopic tissue from @entity1 with and without @entity46 in the mid-secretory phase of their menstrual cycles. Gene profiling of the excised glands used a @entity1 chemokine and receptor cDNA array. Selected chemokines were further examined using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: 22 chemokine/receptor genes were upregulated and two downregulated in pooled endometrial epithelium of @entity1 with @entity46 compared with controls. @entity3023 and @entity3024 mRNA was confirmed as elevated in some @entity1 with @entity46 compared to controls on individual samples. Immunoreactive @entity3023 and @entity3024 were predominantly confined to glands in eutopic and ectopic endometrium: leukocytes also stained. Immunoreactive @entity3023 was overall higher in glands in ectopic vs. eutopic endometrium from the same @entity1 (P < 0.05). Staining for @entity3023 and @entity3024 was highly correlated in individual tissues. CONCLUSION: This study provides novel candidate molecules and suggests a potential local role for @entity3023 and @entity3024 as mediators contributing to the inflammatory events associated with @entity46 .

title: Laser capture microdissection and cDNA array analysis of endometrium identify XXXX and @entity3024 as epithelial-derived inflammatory mediators associated with @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity3023 :: (6360,Gene) :: ['CCL16']