abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity375 pseudohyphal filamentation is a stress-responsive growth transition relevant to processes required for virulence in pathogenic fungi. Pseudohyphal growth is controlled through a regulatory network encompassing conserved MAPK (Ste20p, @entity6770 , @entity6771 , @entity5677 , and Fus3p), protein kinase A ( @entity6772 ), @entity6773 , and Snf1p kinase pathways; however, the scope of these pathways is not fully understood. Here, we implemented quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify each of these signaling networks, generating a kinase-dead mutant in filamentous @entity375 and surveying for differential phosphorylation. By this approach, we identified 439 phosphoproteins dependent upon pseudohyphal growth kinases. We report novel phosphorylation sites in 543 peptides, including phosphorylated residues in @entity6774 and @entity5673 required for wild-type filamentous growth. Phosphoproteins in these kinase signaling networks were enriched for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule components, and we observe co-localization of @entity5677 , Fus3p, Ste20p, and @entity6772 with the RNP component @entity6775 . These kinases localize in puncta with GFP-visualized mRNA, and @entity5677 is required for wild-type levels of mRNA localization in RNPs. @entity5677 pathway activity is reduced in @entity6776  /   and @entity6777  /   strains, and these genes encoding P-body proteins are epistatic to @entity6771 . The P-body protein Dhh1p is also required for hyphal development in @entity5132 . Collectively, this study presents a wealth of data identifying the @entity375 phosphoproteome in pseudohyphal growth and regulatory interrelationships between pseudohyphal growth kinases and RNPs.

title: Large-Scale Analysis of Kinase Signaling in XXXX Pseudohyphal Development Identifies Regulation of Ribonucleoprotein Granules.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: The main goal of this study was to investigate pancreatic islet function with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a ligand-functionalized @entity968 ( @entity970 ) hydrogel for the treatment of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). @entity35 bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBM-MSCs) were encapsulated within synthetic @entity970 hydrogel, and cell viability and apoptosis within this 3D environment was examined in detail. @entity855 content and @entity4124 activity of encapsulated MSCs showed that fibronectin-derived @entity15211 , laminin-derived IKVAV and/or insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide ( @entity15212 ) were required to maintain MSC survival. Incorporation of these peptides into the hydrogel environment also improved pancreatic islet viability, where combinations of peptides had altered effects on islet survival. @entity15212 alone was the leading stimulator for insulin secretion. Cell adhesion peptides @entity15211 and IKVAV improved insulin secretion only when they were used in combination, but could not surpass the effect of @entity15212 . Further, when pancreatic islets were co-encapsulated with MSCs within synthetic @entity970 hydrogel, a two-fold increase in the stimulation index was measured. Synergistic effects of MSCs and peptides were observed, with a seven-fold increase in the stimulation index. The results are promising and suggest that simultaneous incorporation of MSCs and ECM-derived peptides and/or @entity15212 can improve pancreatic islet function in response to altered @entity413 levels in the physiological environment. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells and ligand incorporation in biomimetic XXXX hydrogels significantly improve insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: We report the ontogeny and persistence of sleep and @entity19824 in amygdala-kindled kittens. We also identify procedural differences that may explain discrepancies in the literature on postkindling @entity25 . The study population consisted of 12 preadolescent kittens kindled between 2.5 and 6.5 months of age, 8 of which were followed to adulthood (> or = 1 year), and 8 unkindled implanted control animals. Sleep and @entity410 patterns were monitored on 12-24-h polygraphic or split-screen video recordings of EEG and behavioral activity. Kindled kittens displayed spontaneous @entity410 and @entity25 that persisted to adulthood, as follows. As compared with neurosurgical controls, kindled kittens exhibited @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and @entity1949 at least 1 year after kindling and 1-5 months after @entity410 , regardless of postictal recording delay. Sleep and arousal defects in kindled kittens were similar to but more pronounced than those in kindled adult @entity468 , possibly because kittens spontaneously became @entity302 . Detection of postkindling @entity25 insomnia could be masked by brief scoring epochs (less than the preferred 1-min epoch for @entity468 ); recurrent behavioral arousals after kindling frequently aborted 1-min @entity25 epochs but often did not interrupt 30-s @entity25 epochs (based on 1-min vs. 30-s minimum duration scoring criteria). Detection of postkindling @entity1949 could be masked in kittens with alternating patterns of REM loss and REM rebound; all these kittens showed periodic bouts of REM onset from waking after kindling. Different data collection and analysis procedures influence detection of sleep and @entity19824 in amygdala-kindled @entity468 when replication of findings is attempted. We conclude that these differences explain some controversies regarding the nature and prevalence of @entity25 in the kindling literature in @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ).

title: Ontogeny of feline @entity1315 . III: Spontaneous sleep and XXXX in amygdala-kindled kittens.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep insomnia']

entities_list: @entity19824 :: ('MESH:D020921', 'Disease') :: ['arousal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow-wave sleep', 'sleep disorders', 'SWS', 'sleep disturbances', 'interictal sleep anomalies']

answer: @entity19824 :: (MESH:D020921,Disease) :: ['arousal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage show characteristic alterations in chondrocyte morphology and in the composition and content of matrix proteoglycans (PGs). Data concerning matrix components are mostly of biochemical nature. Ultrastructural histochemistry is needed to gain more information about distribution of these altered matrix components. METHODS: We used the cationic dye @entity10849 ( @entity8681 ) to visualize at the EM level alterations in the distribution and dimensions of PGs of @entity1 healthy young, healthy aged, and @entity1844 . RESULTS: Young cartilage contained @entity8681 -positive granules in the superficial layer and big winding @entity8681 -positive structures in the deeper layers. In the healthy aged tissue, @entity8681 -positive granules were observed throughout the matrix and smaller winding structures were present in the deeper layer. In OA cartilage both types of @entity8681 -positive structures were absent in the superficial layer. Deeper in the matrix @entity8681 -positive granules could be demonstrated. Moreover, @entity8681 -positive angular structures were observed in the deeper zones. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in @entity8681 -positive structures are a good reflection of the differences in PGs between young, ageing, and OA cartilage as demonstrated in biochemical studies. @entity8681 , used at the EM level, gave more precise information concerning the localized changes in quality, quantity, and location of PGs in articular cartilage during ageing and disease.

title: Changes in proteoglycans of ageing and osteoarthritic @entity1 articular cartilage: an electron microscopic study with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['OA articular cartilage']

entities_list: @entity10849 :: ('MESH:D011094|MESH:C505405', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneimine']

answer: @entity10849 :: (MESH:D011094|MESH:C505405,Chemical) :: ['polyethyleneimine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and @entity353 according to sleep quality and duration in adults enrolled in common weight-loss interventions. METHODS: @entity1 included overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 (n=150) (mean  s.d. age, 38.8  8.6 years; mean  s.d. body mass index (BMI), 33.3  3.5   kg m(-2)) who were subjected to a dietary intervention over a period of 12-16 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score) and sleep duration (hours per night, self-reported from the PSQI) were assessed at both baseline and post intervention. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between eating behavior traits and changes in anthropometric markers for all subjects and by sleep categories (short sleep: <7   h per night vs recommended sleep:    7   h per night; poor sleep quality:    5 PSQI score vs good sleep quality: <5 PSQI score). We adjusted for age, sex and baseline BMI in analyses. RESULTS: Baseline eating behavior traits were modest predictors of weight-loss success, but they were all significantly associated with their changes over the weight-loss intervention (P<0.01). The diet intervention induced significant changes in eating behavior traits and even more for those having a non-favorable eating behavior profile at baseline. We observed that changes in flexible control and strategic dieting behavior were constantly negatively associated with changes in body weight and fat mass (P<0.05) for recommended duration sleepers. The change in situational susceptibility to disinhibition was positively associated with the change in fat mass and body weight for those having healthy sleeping habits (P<0.05). For poor quality sleepers, the change in avoidance of fattening foods was negatively associated with changes in adiposity (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Eating behavior traits and sleep may act together to influence the outcome of weight-loss programs.

title: Eating behavior traits and sleep as determinants of @entity353 in overweight and XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The experimental model reported consists of a subcutaneous reservoir connected to a @entity35 sciatic nerve @entity254 . The right sciatic nerve was exposed, served, and repaired at a level 1.5 cm proximal to its trifurcation. Then, a dome-shaped silicone reservoir, connected to the proximal end of a @entity1346 tube, was placed subcutaneously in the dorsum of the experimental animal. The distal end of the connecting tube was located at the nerve @entity254 . There were two experimental groups: Group A animals (n = 90) received daily doses of a solution containing nerve growth factor (NGF)-7S during the first 4 weeks after surgery and a single weekly dose thereafter. Within this group, there were three subgroups of 30 @entity35 each: A-4 sacrificed at 4 weeks after surgery: A-8 sacrificed at 8 weeks; and A-12 at 12 weeks. Group B animals (n = 90) received the same vehicle solution without NGF at the same schedule and volumes as in Group A. There were also three subgroups as in Group A, depending on the survival period: B-4 (n = 30); B-8 (n = 30); and B-12 (n = 30). In order to localize the motoneurons in the spinal cord, the retrograde tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was administered at the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve (tibialis branch) that was severed 1 cm distal to the sciatic trifurcation (1.5 cm distal to the nerve @entity254 ). The number of spinal neurons in the NGF-treated group was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that percutaneous administration of multiple doses of @entity851 factor in this model enhances motor nerve regeneration after sciatic lesions, evaluated by HRP-labeling of spinal motoneurons.

title: Regeneration of the motor component of the @entity35 sciatic nerve with local administration of XXXX factor in @entity1346 chambers.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic growth']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic growth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of @entity662 of uncertain origin in the emergency department is a challenge. @entity662 units, involving non-invasive stress testing, have logistic constraints. Our aim was to identify very low risk @entity1 for early discharge using clinical data. METHODS: A total of 772 @entity1 were studied. @entity63 in the electrocardiogram, troponin elevation or history of @entity741 , were exclusion criteria. The primary end point was 30 day @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity583 or revascularization). The secondary end point was 1 year major events ( @entity204 or @entity583 ). RESULTS: The primary and secondary end point rates were 123 (18%) and 31 (4%). Predictive variables for the primary end point were typical @entity662 (OR=1.8, p=0.007), >=  2 @entity158 episodes in last 24h (OR=3.4, p=0.0001), age >=  55 years (OR=1.8, p=0.03), male (OR=2.2, p=0.001), @entity6 (OR=1.8, p=0.01) and family history of @entity741 (OR=2.0, p=0.02). A very low risk category could be distinguished (<2 predictors, n=114) that showed only 3 (2.6%) events at 30 days (all 3 revascularizations), compared with 120 (18%) in the remaining @entity1 (p=0.0001). The very low risk criteria had 97% negative predictive for 30 day @entity299 . No very low risk @entity1 presented major events at 1 year compared with 31 (4.7%) in the remaining @entity1 (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with @entity662 of uncertain origin and without prior @entity741 , very low risk @entity1 can be identified using clinical data. These @entity1 could be quickly discharged without further non-invasive stress testing.

title: Identification of very low risk XXXX using clinical data in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Adult @entity35 display taste avoidance and disgust reactions when stimulated with gustatory stimuli previously paired with aversive agents such as @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ). By the second postnatal week of life, preweanling @entity35 also display specific behaviors in response to a tastant @entity558 ( @entity558 ) that predicts @entity4113 -induced malaise. The present study compared conditioned disgust reactions induced by @entity4113 or @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in preweanling @entity35 . In Experiment 1 we determined doses of @entity1068 and @entity4113 that exert similar levels of conditioned taste avoidance. After having equated drug dosage in terms of conditioned taste avoidance, 13-day-old @entity35 were given a single pairing of a novel taste ( @entity8021 ) and either @entity4113 or @entity1068 (2.5 g/kg; Experiment 2). @entity8021 intake and emission of disgust reactions were assessed 24 and 48 hr after training. Pups given paired presentations of @entity8021 and the aversive agents ( @entity1068 or @entity4113 ) consumed less @entity8021 during the first testing day than controls. These pups also showed more aversive behavioral reactions to the gustatory @entity558 than controls. Specifically, increased amounts of grooming, general activity, head shaking, and wall climbing as well as reduced mouthing were observed in response to the @entity558 . Conditioned aversive reactions but not taste avoidance were still evident on the second testing day. In conclusion, a taste @entity558 paired with postabsorptive effects of @entity167 and @entity4113 elicited a similar pattern of conditioned rejection reactions in preweanling @entity35 . These results suggest that similar mechanisms may be underlying CTAs induced by @entity4113 and a relatively high @entity167 dose.

title: A comparison between taste avoidance and conditioned disgust reactions induced by XXXX and @entity13557 in preweanling @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['conditioned stimulus', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin', 'Saccharin']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Induction of apoptosis in @entity5 cells has become the major focus of anti- @entity5 therapeutics development. @entity12900 , a major chemical constituent of Withania somnifera, reportedly shows @entity137 in a variety of @entity5 cell lines while its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We observed that @entity12900 primarily induces oxidative stress in @entity1 @entity1778 HL-60 cells and in several other @entity5 cell lines. The @entity12980 induced early ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(mt)) loss, which preceded release of @entity4674 , translocation of @entity589 to mitochondria and apoptosis inducing factor to cell nuclei. These events paralleled activation of @entity12981 and @entity12982 cleavage. WA also activated extrinsic pathway significantly as evidenced by time dependent increase in @entity8186 activity vis-  -vis @entity10736 over expression. WA mediated decreased expression of @entity5353 may be an important event for cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Furthermore, @entity12900 inhibited DNA binding of NF-kappaB and caused nuclear cleavage of @entity9135 / @entity4632 by activated @entity522 . @entity898 rescued all these events suggesting thereby a pro-oxidant effect of @entity12900 . The results of our studies demonstrate that @entity12900 induced early @entity2383 in @entity5 cells trigger events responsible for mitochondrial -dependent and -independent apoptosis pathways.

title: Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the apoptotic cell death of XXXX myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells by a dietary compound @entity12900 with concomitant protection by @entity898 .

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12900 :: ('MESH:C009684', 'Chemical') :: ['WithaferinA', 'withaferinA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12980 :: ('CHEBI:74716', 'Chemical') :: ['withanolide']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is preceded by high-grade embolisation (detected using transcranial Doppler (TCD)) and can be prevented by incremental doses of Dextran. However, this strategy is labour intensive and Dextran manufacture has now ceased. A randomised trial has suggested that a single 75 mg dose of @entity1397 (administered the night before surgery in addition to daily 75 mg @entity117 ) significantly reduces post-CEA embolisation. We hypothesized that this model of dual antiplatelet therapy might significantly reduce the need for adjuvant Dextran therapy. METHODS: Retrospective audit of prospectively acquired data in 297 @entity1 undergoing CEA between 01.08.2006 and 30.07.2009. All received routine @entity117 (75 mg daily) in addition to a single 75 mg dose of @entity1397 the night before surgery. All underwent completion angioscopy and those with a temporal window (n = 270) underwent intra- and post-operative TCD monitoring. RESULTS: High rate embolisation requiring Dextran (>25 emboli in any 10 min period) occurred in only 1/270 @entity1 (0.4%), significantly less than the 3.2% rate in historical controls where @entity1397 was not administered. There were no peri-operative deaths, but 3/297 @entity1 suffered non-disabling @entity64 (intra-operative extension of a pre-existing deficit, @entity548 into lentiform nucleus after @entity101 crisis, contralateral @entity64 ). The overall 30-day death/ @entity64 rate (1.0%) was not-significantly lower than the 2.6% rate observed in the preceding 821 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 75 mg @entity1397 administered the night before surgery (in addition to daily 75 mg @entity117 ) was associated with a significant @entity7441 and Dextran utilisation. No ipsilateral @entity1031 ischaemic events occurred in this series. As a consequence of this audit, one dose of 75 mg @entity1397 will continue to be given pre-operatively (in addition to daily 75 mg @entity117 ) and routine post-operative TCD monitoring has now ceased.

title: Dual antiplatelet therapy prior to carotid endarterectomy reduces @entity7441 and XXXX events: post-operative transcranial Doppler monitoring is now unnecessary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'embolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Thrombotic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in post-operative embolisation']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the early phase of radiation-induced @entity651 using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) under experimental conditions and to perform precise CT-pathologic correlation. METHODS: Five Yorkshire @entity1707 received a single dose of 12.5 Gy to the right lower lung. Computed tomographic images were obtained at 2-week intervals. The animals were killed after follow-up periods of 4-16 weeks. The lungs were removed, inflated, fixed, dried, and sliced corresponding to the CT sections. Computed tomography, specimen radiography, and histologic findings were correlated. RESULTS: Various CT findings were observed during the first 16 weeks, including ground-glass opacity, discrete consolidation, patchy consolidation, thickened interlobular septum, and bronchovascular bundle. Ground-glass opacity was associated with thickened alveolar wall and scattered tiny fibrotic foci. Thickened interlobular septum and bronchovascular bundle were the results of @entity82 adjacent to these structures. Discrete consolidation correlated with @entity4 with @entity548 and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution CT correlated well with pathology of the lung due to @entity1161 as verified by precise radiologic-pathologic correlation.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX using a @entity1707 model. Evaluation by high-resolution computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['intraalveolar edema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was (1) to evaluate contrast enhancement patterns of @entity2001 on magnetic resonance imaging and (2) to discuss possible radiological explanations of cyst enhancement based on existing theories of @entity2001 formation in @entity571 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Multicenter @entity571 Study (MOST) is a NIH-funded longitudinal observational study for individuals who have or are at high risk for @entity626 . All subjects with available non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI were included. The tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were divided in 14 subregions. The presence and size of @entity2001 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) were scored semiquantitatively in each subregion on non-contrast-enhanced MRI from 0 to 3. Enhancement of @entity2001 was evaluated on contrast-enhanced MRI as grade 0 (absent), grade 1 (partial enhancement), or grade 2 (full enhancement). The adjacent articular cartilage was scored in each subregion on non-enhanced MRI as grade 0 (intact), grade 1 (partial thickness loss), or grade 2 (full thickness loss). RESULTS: Four hundred knees were included (1 knee per @entity1 , 5600 subregions). @entity2001 were detected in 260 subregions (4.6%). After intravenous contrast administration, 245 cysts (94.2%) showed full enhancement, 12 (4.6%) showed partial enhancement and 3 (1.2%) showed no enhancement. Enhancing @entity236 were found in 237 (91.2%) subregions containing cysts, which were located adjacent or in the middle of @entity236 . In 121 subregions (46.5%) having cysts, no adjacent full thickness cartilage loss was detected. CONCLUSION: Most @entity2001 demonstrated full or partial contrast enhancement, and were located adjacent or in the midst of enhancing @entity236 . As pure @entity5409 are not expected to enhance on MRI, the term " @entity236 " might be appropriate to describe these lesions.

title: Contrast-enhanced MRI of XXXX in @entity1 with or at risk for @entity626 : the MOST study.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral cysts', 'subchondral cyst', 'Subchondral cysts']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema-like lesions', 'subchondral cyst-like bone marrow lesion', 'BMLs']

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['subchondral cysts']


abstract: This work attempted to study the segmental wall motion on left ventriculograms, in terms of segmental @entity3207 , velocity of segmental @entity3207 , and temporal sequences of various events in systole as well as in diastole. The ability of such a method to characterize patterns of normal regional wall motion and to detect mild abnormalities such as @entity3491 , was tested on two groups of @entity1 . Group I included 25 @entity1 presenting evidence of a normal left ventricle (LV) after left heart catheterization. Group II consisted of 21 @entity1 suffering from an isolated pure idiopathic @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ), with no @entity339 and with an unaffected global LV function. In all @entity1 left ventriculography was filmed in the right anterior oblique view at a rate of 50 frames/s. For each @entity1 a cycle was chosen, distant from any premature beat, with acceptably contrasted outlines, and a quantitative frame by frame study of the motion of 10 segments was performed using a semiautomated method derived from the Stanford method. In the control group (Group I), analysis of the segmental motion by means of this method demonstrates a mild nonuniformity of the normal wall motion. This is principally marked by a stronger and faster contraction in anterolateral segments (segments 7, 8, 9) and by a shorter duration of the contraction in this region. In contrast the @entity3454 group (Group II), exhibited a frank asynergy of the anterolateral region occurring from end systole to early diastole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative frame by frame analysis of regional contraction and lengthening on left ventricular cineangiograms: application to the study of normal left ventricles and left ventricles with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated asynchronisms']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether @entity1 with persistent @entity323 ( @entity323 ), minimum 12 months after radical prostatectomy (RP), experienced a better recovery of erectile function (EF) with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) compared with @entity1 without this intervention. Second, we aimed to investigate the effect of PFMT on climacturia. All @entity1 , who underwent RP, with persistent @entity323 of minimum 1 year post operation were eligible. The treatment group started PFMT immediately at 12 months post operation and the control group started at 15 months after RP. All @entity1 received PFMT during 3 months. The sample size needed to detect with 80% power a 6 points-difference regarding the EF-domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), was at least 12 subjects per group. @entity1 were evaluated using the IIEF and questioned regarding climacturia. Differences between groups at 15 months were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. As a result, the treatment group had a significantly better EF than the control group at 15 months after surgery (P=0.025). Other subdomains of the IIEF remained constant for both groups. The effect of PFMT was maintained during follow-up. At 15 months, a significantly higher percentage of @entity1 in the treatment group showed an improvement regarding climacturia (P=0.004).International Journal of Impotence Research advance online publication, 5 November 2015; doi:10.1038/ijir.2015.24.

title: Pelvic floor muscle training for XXXX and climacturia 1 year after nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The aim of this article is to briefly review available data regarding changes in the structure of microvessels observed in @entity1 with @entity6 , and possible correction by effective treatment. The development of structural changes in the systemic vasculature is the end result of established @entity101 . In essential @entity101 , small arteries of smooth muscle cells are restructured around a smaller lumen and there is no net growth of the vascular wall, although in some secondary forms of @entity101 , a @entity1184 remodelling may be detected. Moreover, in @entity2175 a @entity1184 remodelling of subcutaneous small arteries is present. Indices of small resistance artery structure, such as the tunica media to internal lumen ratio, may have a strong prognostic significance in @entity101 and @entity6 @entity1 , over and above all other known cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, regression of vascular alterations is an appealing goal of antihypertensive treatment. Different antihypertensive drugs seem to have different effect on vascular structure. In @entity101 @entity1 , a significant regression of structural alterations of small resistance arteries with drugs blocking the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers) was demonstrated. Alterations in the microcirculation represent a common pathological finding, and @entity455 is one of the most important mechanisms involved in the development of organ damage as well as of clinical events in @entity1 with @entity6 . Renin-angiotensin system blockade seems to be effective in preventing/regressing alterations in microvascular structure.

title: Small artery remodelling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies have suggested factors in drinking water influence on the @entity1 cardiovascular system. A clear identification of the factors involved requires more invasive techniques and more strict experimental controls than can usually be applied in epidemiologic studies. Consequently laboratory animals are often used to expand and support epidemiologic data. For laboratory purposes cardiovascular toxicology must be broken down to effects on the myocardium, the vasculature and the kidney. Further division may be necessary to take into account the influence of the neuroendocrine system or other systems that influence the function of the cardiovascular system. Since environmental influences upon the @entity65 are relatively subtle (versus the acute effects of some drugs) it is assumed that major difficulties are chronic in nature. Accordingly, it is suggested that laboratory experimentation focus on either chronic toxin exposure or short-term exposure to stressed or genetically susceptible animals. A variety of in vivo and in vitro tests may be necessary to relate the @entity137 realized in animals to what might be expected in @entity1 . Wide species differences with respect to the susceptibility of particular target tissues must be taken into account to clearly apply the results to @entity1 . Similarly, special characteristics of stressed and genetically susceptible animals must be understood to avoid deceptive results.

title: Experimental approaches to evaluating the role of environmental factors in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated antipsychotic drug prescription practice of Dutch @entity717 physicians, studying prevalence of antipsychotic drug use, reasons for prescription and the relationship between these reasons and @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of medical and pharmaceutical records in a population living in residential settings of three care providers for @entity1 with @entity24394 in the Netherlands (n = 2373). RESULTS: Prevalence of antipsychotic drug use was 32.2% (95% CI 30.1-33.9). Behavioural problems were the reason for prescription of antipsychotic drugs in 58% of cases and @entity914 or @entity716 symptoms in 22.5%. In 11.7% the diagnosis of @entity914 was specified according to DSM-IV criteria. In 18.5% the reason for prescription was not noted in the medical record. Behavioural problems as reason for prescription was associated with profound and severe @entity717 , living in a central location and male sex. @entity914 specified according to DSM-IV as indication for prescription was negatively associated with profound and severe @entity717 and with presence of an additional @entity146 . Absence of a noted reason for prescription was associated with female sex and with the presence of an additional @entity146 . DISCUSSION: Current prevalence and reason for prescription of antipsychotic drugs are similar with outcomes of previous studies. Our results show the continuing lack of evidence-based psychopharmacological treatment in mental health care for @entity1 with @entity24394 .

title: Use of antipsychotic drugs in individuals with XXXX ( @entity717 ) in the Netherlands: prevalence and reasons for prescription.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['Psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: The effects of @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) on hemodynamics, epicardial electrography, @entity583 size, @entity66 and gene proteins involving apoptosis (Fas, @entity9470 and @entity9471 ) were observed in aneasthetized @entity95 myocardium. The results are as follows. (1) During @entity63 -reperfusion, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and myocardial @entity26 consumption were reduced progressively. The epicardial electrographic ST-segment was elevated significantly during @entity63 (P<0.001)and recovered to the baseline during reperfusion. (2) The @entity1188 size occupied 57.7+/-2.0% of the @entity63 myocardium in IR group while @entity63 reduced the @entity1188 size to 27.7+/-1.5% (P<0.01). (3) DNA ladder pattern of @entity63 myocardium was revealed by agrose gel electrophoresis in IR group while it was not found in @entity63 group. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were sparse within the @entity63 myocardium at risk in @entity63 as compared with those in IR heart. Apoptosis rate of the @entity63 myocardium from IR and @entity63 groups detected by flow cytometry was 11.2+/-0.4% and 6.35+/-0.2% (P<0.01), respectively. (4) Fas and @entity9471 protein expression in the @entity63 myocardium of IR and @entity63 groups was elevated as compared with those in non- @entity63 myocardium group (P<0.05). The Fas protein expression of IR group was higher than that of @entity63 group (P<0.05). @entity9470 / @entity9471 ratio of IR group was lower than that in non- @entity63 myocardium (P<0.01). From the results, it is suggested that @entity63 decreases @entity66 induced by IR and this action is mediated by the reduction of Fas protein expression.

title: [Ischemic preconditioning reduces XXXX in @entity95 heart in vivo].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocytic apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'ischemia', 'ischemic preconditioning', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cardiomyocytic apoptosis']


abstract: Between 1965 and 1984 in 215 @entity1 with @entity14 an extended resection was performed due to invasion of adjacent organs. 158 @entity1 were operated on primary and 57 @entity1 on recurrent @entity5 . Most of the @entity5 were localized in the sigma and the rectum and therefore about 77% of the resected organs derived from the urogenital tract. 55% of the resected organs proved to be infiltrated histologically by the @entity5 . In 71% of the @entity1 at least one organ was histologically infiltrated. @entity260 were observed in 26%. The mortality was 12%. In the period between 1978 and 1984 the mortality rate was decreased to 7.6%. The prognosis was independent of the localization of the @entity5 and of the number of resected organs. Infiltration of adjacent organs by the @entity5 was of significant prognostic value. The low perioperative mortality and the reasonable 5 year-overall survival (35%) are encouraging and @entity5 penetration should not be the reason for inoperability.

title: [Extended organ resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that monitoring the ST segment on a single electrocardiographic (ECG) lead reflecting activity in the @entity1188 zone provides sensitive and specific recognition of reperfusion within 60 min of initiation of therapy in @entity583 . BACKGROUND: @entity1188 that fail to recanalize early may benefit from immediate rescue angioplasty. Hence, detection of reperfusion has important practical clinical implications. METHODS: Of 41 @entity1 with @entity583 who had ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitors placed, 38 had adequate ST segment monitoring for 3 h; 35 of the 38 were treated with thrombolytic agents and 3 with primary angioplasty. All @entity1 underwent early coronary angiography and were classified into two groups: Group P (22 @entity1 ) had angiographic patency (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] grade 2 or 3 flow), the Group O (16 @entity1 ) had persistent occlusion (TIMI grade 0 or 1 flow) of the @entity1188 at 60 min from initiation of therapy. The initial ST segment level was defined as the first ST segment level recorded; the peak ST segment level was defined as the highest ST segment level measured during the 1st 60 min. To assess the optimal ST segment recovery criteria for reperfusion, the presence or absence of a > or = 75%, > or = 50% and > or = 25% decrement from initial and peak ST segment levels, sampled and analyzed at 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 15-and 20-min intervals, was correlated with patency of the @entity1188 at 60 min. RESULTS: ST segment recovery of > or = 50% reduction from peak ST segment levels with sampling rates at < or = 10-min intervals provided the optimal criterion for recognizing coronary artery patency at 60 min (sensitivity 96%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77% to 99%; specificity 94%, 95% CI 69% to 99%, p < 0.0001). The subgroup of 13 @entity1 in Group P with TIMI grade 3 reperfusion flow all met this criterion (sensitivity 100%, 95% CI 75% to 100%). The use of the initial ST segment level as the baseline for determining the presence of a > or = 50% reduction in ST segment levels within 60 min was less sensitive. Prediction of coronary reperfusion within 60 min of therapy on the basis of a > or = 75% decrement from peak ST segment levels was less sensitive, and the use of a > or = 25% decrement was less specific. CONCLUSIONS: ST segment monitoring of a single lead reflecting the @entity1188 zone provides a reliable method for assessing reperfusion within 60 min of @entity583 . Optimal criteria for ECG reperfusion include a > or = 50% decrease from peak ST segment levels, with ST segment measurements recorded continuously or at least every 10 min.

title: ST segment tracking for rapid determination of patency of the XXXX in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'Infarct-related arteries', 'infarct-related vessel', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct-related artery']


abstract: The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) is one of the most frequently employed measures for assessing @entity158 -related fear in @entity158 @entity1 . Although the @entity2653 has been translated into different languages, a Spanish version of the @entity2653 has not been available, up to now. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the @entity2653 in 2 different @entity158 samples: A  heterogeneous @entity1118 sample (n = 125) and a musculoskeletal acute @entity158 sample (n = 86). Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor model of 11 items replicated on both samples, named @entity2653 -11. The instrument obtained shows good reliability (internal consistency and stability) and validity (convergent and predictive), with the advantage of brevity. Evidence is provided on discriminant validity between both @entity2653 factors (called Activity Avoidance and Harm). The Harm factor shows the best predictive validity, as it predicts @entity158 persistence, catastrophizing, @entity308 , and @entity158 intensity scores after 6 months. Changes in the Activity Avoidance factor are positively correlated with changes in catastrophizing and @entity148 , and negatively associated with changes in functional status. The results of this study point to the relative contribution of both components of @entity158 -related fear to @entity158 adjustment. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the Spanish version of the @entity2653 . Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor model (called Activity Avoidance and Harm). The version obtained shows good reliability and validity. Results provide clinicians with access to a measure of @entity158 -related fear for Spanish-speaking @entity158 @entity1 , offering the advantage of brevity.

title: Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the XXXX ( @entity2653 ).

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['TSK', 'Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2653 :: (MESH:C538175,Disease) :: ['Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia']


abstract: Background: @entity4352 -receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are recommended as an alternative treatment in @entity1 with mild @entity565 , but their effect compared with placebo is unclear. Purpose: To determine the benefits and harms of LTRAs as monotherapy or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo in adults and adolescents with @entity565 . Data Sources: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through June 2015. Study Selection: Peer-reviewed, English-language, randomized, controlled trials in @entity1 with @entity565 that reported the effect of LTRAs versus placebo on measures of @entity565 control. Data Extraction: Three researchers extracted data on study population, interventions, outcome measures, and adverse events. One researcher assessed risk of bias. Data Synthesis: Of the 2008 abstracts that were screened, 50 trials met eligibility criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses of 6 trials of @entity21292 monotherapy showed that LTRAs reduced the risk for an exacerbation (summary risk ratio [RR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.81]). In 4 trials of LTRAs as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids, the summary RR for exacerbation was 0.80 (CI, 0.60 to 1.07). @entity4352 -receptor antagonists either as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to inhaled @entity288 increased FEV1, whereas FEV1 percentage of predicted values was improved only in trials of @entity21292 monotherapy. Adverse event rates were similar in the intervention and comparator groups. Limitation: Variation in definitions and reporting of outcomes, high risk of bias in some studies, heterogeneity of findings, possible selective outcome reporting bias, and inability to assess the effect of @entity565 severity on summary estimates. Conclusion: @entity4352 -receptor antagonists as monotherapy improved @entity565 control compared with placebo, but which @entity1 are most likely to respond to treatment with LTRAs remains unclear. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: XXXX -Receptor Antagonists Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Asthma in Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4352 :: (CHEBI:25029,Chemical) :: ['Leukotriene']


abstract: Exposure of @entity840 3 hr/day for 5 consecutive days to freshly formed ultrafine @entity1947 ( @entity1948 ) (count median diameter: 0.05 micron; geometric standard deviation: 2.0) at a concentration of 7 mg/m3 produced a gradual decrease in total lung capacity and vital capacity over the course of the exposure period. The @entity1223 (CO) diffusing capacity (DLCO) was not affected until the fourth day, when it dropped abruptly to 30% below control levels. @entity1053 and @entity3126 /dry-lung weight ratios increased, indicating the presence of @entity4 . Exposures to 2.7 mg/m3 @entity1948 , using the same 3 hr/day, 5 day time frame, did not alter any parameters measured. In 2 experiments a single high peak of @entity1948 (25-34 mg/m3) occurred. In one experiment exposure was stopped, but pulmonary function measurements were made as scheduled; in the other case, exposures to @entity1948 were continued. In both, lung volumes were decreased abruptly and to a greater extent than when peaks were absent. Continued exposure caused greater decrements in total lung capacity (TLC) and vital capacity (VC) as well as decrements in functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) than were observed when exposure was stopped. Peak exposures reduced DLCO to 45%-60% below control. These values rose to 25%-30% below control with or without continued exposure. Airway resistance increased and compliance decreased following peak exposures. When exposure was stopped, these changes were reversible; with continued exposure they still were different from control levels on the fifth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary function of XXXX exposed to freshly generated ultrafine @entity1947 with and without spike concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Wet-lung weight/body weight ratios']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Age is an important prognostic factor in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). An invasive strategy has been shown to benefit many non-ST elevation @entity1187 populations; however, there is some controversy regarding @entity1 who are more susceptible to procedure-related complications, such as the elderly, an under-represented population in the studies on this subject. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the in-hospital and long-term prognosis of elderly @entity1 with non-ST elevation @entity1187 treated with either invasive procedures or a conservative strategy, and to characterize the @entity1 selected for an early invasive approach. METHODS: This observational, longitudinal, prospective and continuous study included 307 @entity1 aged over 75 years consecutively admitted for non-ST elevation @entity1187 . They were divided into two groups, according to the approach adopted: Group A (n=91)-- @entity1 treated with an early invasive strategy; and Group B (n=216)-- @entity1 treated conservatively. The median clinical follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: The subjects who were treated invasively were younger (79.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 81.4 +/- 3.9 years, p < 0.001) and more often male (63.7 vs. 50.9%, p = 0.04), had a higher incidence of previous @entity453 , were more often treated with @entity1397 , and had a longer hospital stay (5.8 +/- 3.1 vs. 4.9 +/- 2.6 days, p = 0.01). @entity1 managed conservatively presented higher Killip class, and were more often treated with diuretics during hospitalization. The group treated by an invasive approach presented a higher incidence of in-hospital complications (13.6 vs. 4.9%, p = 0.009), but there were no significant differences in mortality rates. Multivariate analysis showed that an invasive strategy was an independent predictor of in-hospital morbidity (OR = 3.55). In follow-up, rates of MACE (56.3 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.002) and @entity204 (32.5 vs. 13.8%, p = 0.007) were higher in the group that received conservative treatment, and an invasive strategy was a protective factor against MACE; the strongest predictor of mortality was left ventricular ejection fraction <50%. CONCLUSIONS: Although an invasive strategy was associated with @entity455 , it was shown to confer a better long-term prognosis. These data show that age should not be the only criterion in selecting @entity1 for an invasive strategy and favor early adoption of this approach in the elderly.

title: Invasive strategy in non-ST elevation XXXX : risks and benefits in an elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increased in-hospital complications']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: The lack of a rapid and clinically accurate diagnostic tool remains a major obstacle to optimal care of @entity1 with @entity64 . Cytokine changes in @entity1 with @entity64 have been insufficiently studied. The purpose of this study is to delineate the relevance of @entity650 as a biochemical marker of @entity64 diagnosis, taking into account the genetic basis, and changes of the protein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in relation to @entity64 development. Inflammation has an important role in @entity63 pathophysiology. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as @entity650 , have been implicated in several mechanisms that might promote @entity2806 and an early neurological worsening. @entity65 constitute one of the principal health problems in developing countries. Over the past few years, several studies have found evidence of the important role of @entity32 in the @entity63 . The availability of a diagnostic biomarker panel for @entity1 with @entity64 symptoms would be enormously valuable to complement clinical data and to precede radiological findings. @entity650 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum seem to reflect either the extent of tissue damage, or the accompanying clinical worsening. The @entity8996 functional polymorphism in the @entity650 gene might not be solely involved in disease susceptibility but also in linkage disequilibrium with other functional polymorphisms. Further studies are needed to solve this. Presently, the association between @entity650 genotype and @entity64 remains undetermined. Development of new neuroprotective therapies targeted to modulate cytokine-induced @entity32 could be a promising way to prevent @entity5122 in acute @entity385 .

title: @entity650 as a biomarker of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['early deterioration']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity432 (TACE) for initial conservative management of @entity548 cesarean scar pregnancy after multimodal image diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Five consecutive cases of @entity548 cesarean scar pregnancy were diagnosed for precise localization of ectopic placentation site, depth of placental invasion and uteroplacental neovascularization by imaging studies including color Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional computerized tomographic angiography. Emergency TACE with @entity4316 was initially performed to achieve immediate hemostasis and cytotoxic effects on chorionic villous tissue. Then, the need for either expectant management or subsequent hysteroscopic resection was individually determined. Systemic @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) administration was added when delayed decline of serum hCG value was noted. RESULTS: On MRI, @entity3 to the serosa of the anterior uterine wall was diagnosed in three cases, while the two remaining cases showed subtotal invasion to the anterior uterine wall. All cases were managed by emergency TACE as an initial conservative measure. Subsequently, spontaneous expulsion of gestational products occurred in one case of @entity3 . Additional @entity1500 administration was required to achieve complete resorption of cesarean scar pregnancy in two cases of @entity3 . In one case of @entity3 , successful hysteroscopic resection was performed under laparoscopic guidance, whereas, in one case of @entity3 , hysteroscopic removal of gestational products was incomplete due to the risk of uterine perforation and additional systemic @entity1500 administration was required for complete resolution. Uterine preservation was achieved in all cases without unfavorable effects of TACE or secondary @entity548 complications. CONCLUSIONS: This small case series emphasizes that TACE is potentially useful as an initial emergency intervention for conservative management of @entity548 cesarean scar pregnancy to achieve immediate hemostasis and direct cytotoxic effects on chorionic villous tissue with minimal systemic side effects of chemotherapeutic agent.

title: Diagnostic multimodal imaging and therapeutic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for conservative management of XXXX cesarean scar pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal placental invasion', 'total placental invasion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['value of emergency transcatheter arterial chemoembolization']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A deviation of the subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ) is often found in @entity1 with unilateral @entity1897 and in most cases the deviation is transitory and easy to compensate. The purpose of the study was to find out if there is a correlation between deviation of the @entity6355 and objective cyclodeviation of the retina. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 (10 females and 10 males aged between 16 and 78 years) with @entity697 were enrolled. Only @entity1 with a binocular deviation of the @entity6355 of more than 2 degrees and/or a difference between the monocular deviation of more than 1.5 degrees were included. The @entity6355 was examined monocular in a darkened room and after @entity384 , fundus photography was performed on each eye. The angle between papilla and macula was measured manually. RESULTS: We found a good qualitative correlation between @entity6355 (mean 7.9 degrees) and objective cyclodeviation (mean 10.6 degrees). CONCLUSION: In contrast to the binocular measurement of the @entity6355 , we found good correlation between the monocular @entity6355 and the objective cyclorotation measured with fundus photography. It is not yet clear which part of the vestibular system is responsible for cyclodeviation. Because of our results we recommend monocular measurement of the @entity6355 in clinical examinations.

title: [Acute XXXX . Monocular subjective visual vertical and cyclodeviation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute vestibular disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupil dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vestibular lesions']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral vestibular lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A variety of chemicals have been used in a wide range of indoor materials, such as wallpaper and furniture, and some of them are released into the indoor air. The level of consumption as well as the diversity of these chemicals has been increasing. The particle size of the materials in the air is known to affect the depth of @entity1 exposure, e.g., particles >10   m can only reach the nasal cavity, whereas particles 2.5-10   m can reach the respiratory tract and particles <2.5   m can reach the bottom of the lungs. However, information on the concentrations and form of these chemicals in indoor air is very limited. In this study, we measured 54 compounds, including plasticizers ( @entity5600 , adipates, and others) and @entity5139 flame retardants, in indoor air samples from the living rooms of 21 dwellings in 11 prefectures across Japan. For sampling, we used a four-stage air sampler (multi-nozzle cascade impactor) equipped with three quartz fiber filters to capture chemical particulates in three size ranges (<2.5, 2.5-10, and >10   m) and a @entity6173 solid-phase extraction disk to capture chemicals that exist in a gas phase in indoor air. Each of the chemicals in the three particulate phases and single gas phase was extracted by @entity1324 and measured separately using GC/ @entity15 . Of the 54 compounds tested, 37 were detected in the indoor air samples. The highest  concentration observed was that  of @entity6174 (5.1   g/m(3)), which was detected in samples from all 21 houses. The 37 compounds were captured in the four fractions at different rates roughly based on their molecular sizes. Compounds with a smaller molecular size were commonly  detected as a gas phase, whereas compounds with a larger molecular size were detected as one or more of the three particulate phases in the indoor air samples. Among the three particulate phases, many of the compounds were detected from the filter capturing the smallest (<2.5   m) particles. Therefore, these results suggest that the chemicals measured in this study might penetrate deeply into the lungs as many of them tend to exist as a gas and/or as particles smaller than 2.5   m.

title: Differential determination of plasticizers and XXXX flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

answer: @entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['organophosphorus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the additional contribution of @entity16 in acute physiology and chronic health to the prediction of intensive care outcome in @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 . DESIGN: A nationwide study in Finland with prospectively collected data on all adult @entity1 admitted to intensive care after head trauma or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 during a 14-month period. Two-thirds of the @entity1 were randomly selected to derive predictive models, and the remaining one third constituted the validation sample. SETTING: A total of 25 medical and surgical ICUs in Finland (13 in tertiary referral centers). @entity1 : 901 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Variables of the APACHE II including Glasgow @entity772 Score were collected at the time of ICU admission. Two predictive models were created to explain hospital mortality. The addition of variables describing acute physiology to a predictive model consisting of Glasgow @entity772 Score, age, diagnosis of @entity542 and the type of ICU admission did not increase its performance in discriminating between survivors and nonsurvivors, but the calibration accuracy of the predictive model especially at the high ranges of risk was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity16 in acute physiology have prognostic significance in the prediction of intensive care outcome in @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic @entity1779 . The created predictive model may supplement clinical judgement of this @entity1 group.

title: Contribution of XXXX in acute physiology to the prediction of intensive care outcome after @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurologic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['non-neurologic disturbances']


abstract: The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the available literature data investigating the effects of low glycaemic index/low glycamic load dietary regimens on anthropometric parameters, blood lipid profiles, and indicators of @entity413 metabolism in @entity1 and adolescents. Literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of trials with restrictions to randomized controlled trials, but no limitations concerning language and publication date. Parameters taken into account were: body weight, body mass index, z-score of body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, height, waist cicrumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , diastolic and systolic blood pressure, fasting serum @entity413 , fasting serum insulin, HOMA-index, glycosylated haemoglobin, and @entity1851 . Meta-analyses were performed for each parameter to assess pooled effect in terms of weighted mean differences between the post-intervention (or differences in means) of the low glycaemic index diets and the respective high glycaemic index counterparts. Data analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.3. software. Nine studies enrolling 1.065 @entity1 or adolescents met the inclusion criteria. Compared to diets providing a high gylcaemic index, low glycaemic index protocols resulted in significantly more pronounced decreases in serum @entity1674 [mean differences -15.14  mg/dl, 95  %-CI (-26.26, -4.00)] and HOMA-index [mean difference -0.70, 95  %-CI (-1.37, -0.04), fixed-effects model only]. Other parameters under investigation were not affected by either low or high glycaemic indices. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of a beneficial effect of a low glycaemic index/load diet in @entity1 and adolescents being either overweight or @entity28 . Regarding the limitations of this analysis, further studies adopting a homogenous design are necessary to assure the present findings. Since low glycaemic index/load regimens were not associated with a deterioration of the outcome parameters, these diets should not be categorically excluded when looking for alternatives to change lifestyle habits in this age group.

title: Effects of low glycaemic index/low glycaemic load vs. high glycaemic index/ high glycaemic load diets on overweight/ @entity28 and associated risk factors in XXXX and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In the preceding paper, we describe how @entity935 , @entity11879 , and @entity750 modulate the neural circuit generating a well-described motor pattern, the pyloric rhythm of the stomatogastric ganglion in the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus. In this paper, we identify the neurons within the pyloric circuit that are directly affected by each @entity6115 . We accomplished this by isolating each pyloric neuron from all known synaptic input, using a combination of Lucifer yellow photoinactivation of presynaptic neurons and pharmacological blockade by pyloric neurotransmitters. @entity935 , @entity11879 , and @entity750 were bath applied to the preparation, and the responses of synaptically isolated neurons were recorded. Each @entity6115 had a unique constellation of effects on the neurons of the pyloric circuit. Almost every neuron in the circuit was directly affected by each @entity6115 . @entity935 and @entity11879 modulated every neuron, whereas @entity750 affected four of the six cell types. Each @entity6115 had multiple effects among pyloric neurons including the induction of endogenous rhythmic bursting activity, initiation or enhancement of tonic firing activity, and inhibition accompanied by hyperpolarization. All three @entity4478 induced rhythmic bursting in one neuron (the AB neuron), but the form of the underlying slow-wave membrane-potential oscillations was different with @entity11879 than with @entity935 and @entity750 . Our knowledge of the effects of each @entity6115 on each pyloric neuron, combined with the extensive knowledge of the synaptic organization of the pyloric circuit, has allowed us to explain qualitatively the major aspects of the unique variants of the pyloric motor rhythm that each @entity6115 produces in the synaptically intact circuit.

title: Aminergic modulation in lobster stomatogastric ganglion. II. Target neurons of @entity935 , XXXX , and @entity750 within the pyloric circuit.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity11879 :: (MESH:D009655,Chemical) :: ['octopamine']


abstract: In recent years tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of peripheral, spinal cord and brain mechanisms involved in acute @entity158 and in the neurophysiologic description of nociceptive pathways, receptors and mediators. Great strides have been made in our knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used to treat @entity158 . However, in spite of unprecedented interest in @entity158 and its management, most @entity1 undergoing surgery still receive treatments that have changed little in the past decades. Untreated severe @entity282 has many deleterious effects on respiration, circulation, autonomic activity, renal function and gastrointestinal activity. The technique of @entity158 control does have a significant influence on @entity260 particularly in high risk @entity1 undergoing major surgery. Today we have a variety of effective modalities to control @entity282 . These include different opioid administration techniques such as spinal opioids (epidural, intrathecal), @entity1 controlled analgesia (i.v., subcutaneous, epidural), i.v. infusions, sublingual, oral transmucosal ("lollipop"), rectal, nasal, intra articular. Non-opioid analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and alpha-adrenergic agents (systemic, epidural, intrathecal) are available. Various combinations of the above are also possible. However, it is increasingly recognised that the solution to the problem of inadequate @entity158 relief on surgical wards lies not so much in the development of new drugs and new techniques but in the development of a formal organisation for better use of existing drugs and techniques. A simple, low-cost organisation model for @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) is described.

title: XXXX and its management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute pain services', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters was analyzed to predict postoperative functional recovery in @entity1 with cervical @entity602 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with cervical @entity602 caused by @entity4720 , disk herniation or @entity3057 who underwent surgical intervention in our institute were enrolled in this retrospective study. There were 7 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , with a mean age of 62.8 years. Clinical assessment was done before surgery and at least 3 months after surgery. All @entity1 underwent whole-body 3.0-Tesla MRI before surgery. DT images (DTIs) were obtained using a single-shot fast spin-echo-based sequence. Mean values of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) at 6 disk levels of the cervical spine were measured using manual setting of regions of interest. The @entity1893 and FA values at the most compressed part were analyzed. Absolute @entity1893 and FA values at the most compressed spinal level in @entity1 were transformed into the normalized values with a z-score analysis. RESULTS: @entity1893 -z may decrease with the severity of cervical @entity602 . Receiver operating characteristic analysis of @entity1893 -z and FA-z suggested that both @entity1893 -z and FA-z have clinical validity for predicting the efficacy of surgical intervention, but @entity1893 -z was considered to be the most appropriate value to predict the efficacy of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: DTIs may be a promising modality to predict functional recovery after surgery. @entity1893 changes may reflect spinal cord condition and its reversibility.

title: Prediction of the efficacy of surgical intervention in @entity1 with cervical XXXX by using diffusion tensor 3T-magnetic resonance imaging parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few options for @entity0 @entity1 with spinal @entity3 recurrent within a previous radiation treatment field. CyberKnife radiosurgery has been used in our institution to treat such @entity1 . To evaluate their outcomes, as there are no comparable radiation treatment options, the outcomes were compared between 18 @entity1 with spinal @entity3 from @entity0 treated with CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery, 17 of which had prior radiotherapy to the involved spinal region and were progressing, and 18 matched @entity1 who received conventional external beam radiotherapy (CRT) up-front for spinal @entity3 . METHODS: Radiosurgery was delivered in 3 to 5 fractions to doses ranging from 2100 to 2800 cGy. @entity1 were matched to @entity1 in a CRT group with respect to time from original diagnosis to diagnosis of @entity3 , @entity172 receptor / @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) status, presence or absence of visceral @entity3 , prior radiotherapy, and prior chemotherapy. Survival and complications were compared between treatment groups. Surviving @entity1 were followed out to 24 months. RESULTS: The CyberKnife and CRT groups were comparable along all matching dimensions and in performance status before treatment. Outcomes of treatment were similar for @entity1 in both groups; ambulation, performance status, and @entity158 worsened similarly across groups posttreatment. Survival and the number of complications appeared to favor the CyberKnife group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical comparability of the CyberKnife and CRT groups reflects the small sample size and stringent requirements for significance of the matched-pair analysis. Nevertheless, comparability in these difficult cases shows that salvage CyberKnife treatment is as efficacious as initial CRT without added @entity137 .

title: Cyberknife radiosurgery for XXXX spine @entity3 : a matched-pair analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (the development of @entity644 and @entity101 after 20 weeks of gestation) is common; however, there is uncertainty about the natural history of subsequent @entity8 . Our objective is to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 are at increased risk of subsequent @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies. SETTING _ POPULATION: Studies examining kidney outcomes in @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 compared with @entity1 with unaffected pregnancies. SELECTION CRITERIA: From MEDLINE and EMBASE searches, we included case-control and cohort studies of kidney outcomes at least 6 weeks postpartum in @entity1 with and without a history of @entity1468 . 2 independent reviewers determined study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality. STUDY FACTOR: Preeclampsia. OUTCOMES: Microalbuminuria, @entity644 , serum @entity1011 level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS: 7 cohort studies were included, involving 273 @entity1 with @entity1468 and 333 @entity1 with uncomplicated pregnancies. At a weighted mean of 7.1 years postpartum, 31% of @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 had microalbuminuria compared with 7% of @entity1 with uncomplicated pregnancies, a 4-fold increased risk, whereas @entity1 with severe @entity1468 had an 8-fold increase. Serum @entity1011 level and estimated glomerular filtration rate were not significantly different at follow-up in @entity1 with and without @entity1468 , making it unlikely that they would have been different at baseline. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this systematic review include potential confounders that were not explored in most or any of the original studies, the small size of many studies, and possible publication bias (lack of negative studies). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 have an increased risk of microalbuminuria with a prevalence similar to the published prevalence in @entity1 with @entity6 . Further research is needed to determine whether the increased risk of microalbuminuria persists after adjustment for a thorough set of confounding factors in larger populations and the mechanisms underlying this association.

title: @entity8 after XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: @entity99 ( @entity99 )-associated @entity2657 is a common cause of @entity204 in @entity879 ( @entity879 ). Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) albumin dialysis detoxifies endogenous and exogenous toxins from blood and improves @entity99 . In this study we assessed the effect of MARS on increasing the length of time available while waiting for liver graft. Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity879 who received a high-urgent liver transplant (LTx) were divided into three groups according to the amount of histological @entity39 in the explanted liver: group I = 100% @entity39 ; group II = 80-99% @entity39 ; group III = less than 80% @entity39 . MARS was used continuously until LTx. Median time (range) on MARS treatment prior to LTx in groups I-III was 7 days (2-26), 6 days (1-17), and 5 days (1-15), and the median time on the waiting list was 5 days (1-11), 3 days (0-13), and 1 day (0-12), respectively. The @entity99 grade prior to and after MARS was similar in all groups. In two @entity1 the @entity99 grade decreased during MARS treatment, even though the explanted liver showed a complete lack of viable cells. Overall 30-day and one-year survival were 97% and 92%, respectively, without differences between the three groups. In @entity879 @entity1 the liver cell damage progressed to total or near total @entity39 of the liver when the waiting time was prolonged. Yet, with MARS treatment some @entity1 with @entity99 showed an absence of @entity75 . With MARS treatment some @entity1 might be able to wait longer for a LTx with good results.

title: Is it possible to gain extra waiting time to liver transplantation in XXXX @entity1 using albumin dialysis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['total hepatic necrosis', 'Hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) intolerance is defined as gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms occurring before or after @entity6822 administration that may lead to treatment discontinuation. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of @entity6822 intolerance in pediatric @entity29 ( @entity29 ) using the @entity1499 Intolerance Severity Score developed in rheumatology and to identify risk factors for @entity6822 intolerance. METHODS: @entity1 with pediatric @entity29 followed in the @entity29 clinic of Sainte Justine Hospital who had received @entity6822 for @entity29 between 2004 and 2016 and were still actively on @entity6822 were invited to fill out the @entity1499 Intolerance Severity Score questionnaire. A cutoff score of >= 6 points was used to define @entity6822 intolerance, with at least one point for anticipatory, associative or behavioral items. RESULTS: Among 102 pediatric @entity1 with @entity29 , 32 (31%) @entity1 reported symptoms of @entity6822 intolerance. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, factors that were associated with having symptoms of @entity6822 intolerance were female sex (odds ratio 4.31 [95% confidence interval, 1.37-13.60], P = 0.01), receiving a dose of @entity6822 higher than 20 mg/wk at the time of the questionnaire (odds ratio 4.06 [95% confidence interval, 1.30-12.70], P = 0.02), and having active disease according to Physician's Global Assessment (odds ratio 3.44 [95% confidence interval, 1.15-10.26], P = 0.03). Prophylactic prescription of antiemetics and @entity1501 did not prevent symptoms of @entity6822 intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of @entity6822 intolerance are frequent in pediatric @entity29 . The @entity1499 Intolerance Severity Score questionnaire could help better recognition of these symptoms. Identification of risk factors could have important implications for the success of treatment.

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptoms of XXXX Intolerance in Pediatric @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: Contrast sensitivity of 26 @entity1 (mean age 9 years) was measured using vertical gratings during the course of pleoptic treatment. A statistically highly significant improvement in the vision of amblyopic eyes occurred during intensive treatment in the hospital. @entity432 (inverse occlusion) before the pleoptic treatment did not effect the function of the amblyopic eyes. During 8-week occlusion of the dominant eye (direct occlusion) after pleoptic treatment changes in the vision of the amblyopic eyes were statistically insignificant. In some @entity1 there was change in contrast sensitivity without a corresponding change in visual acuity. The contrast sensitivity of the dominant eye decreased markedly during occlusion in 12 @entity1 . After a continuous occlusion of only 2 weeks there was a statistically significant decrease at spatial frequency 6 c/deg. There was no simultaneous decrease of visual acuity; thus the change can be called 'hidden occlusion @entity4457 '. An additional 8-week occlusion did not cause any statistically significant decrease in contrast sensitivity, but visual acuity of 2 @entity1 decreased slightly, a sign of @entity432 . The changes disappeared during 'Einschleich'-occlusion or penalization except in one @entity1 whose previously dominant eye became non-dominant and slightly amblyopic.

title: Contrast sensitivity in XXXX . III. Effect of occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['beginning occlusion amblyopia', 'Occlusion of the amblyopic eye']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5323 ( @entity5323 ) is a @entity74 characterized by progressive @entity2736 in soft tissues, such as the skeletal muscles. @entity5323 has been shown to be caused by gain-of-function mutations in @entity15703 , which is a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that underlie the activation of intracellular signaling by mutant @entity15703 . Mutant @entity15703 from @entity5323 @entity1 enhanced the activation of intracellular signaling by type II @entity6861 receptors, such as @entity3823 , whereas that from @entity299 @entity1 did not. This enhancement was dependent on the kinase activity of the type II receptors. Substitution mutations at all nine serine and threonine residues in the @entity15703 glycine- and serine-rich domain simultaneously inhibited this enhancement by the type II receptors. Of the nine serine and threonine residues in @entity15703 , T203 was found to be critical for the enhancement by type II receptors. The T203 residue was conserved in all of the @entity6861 type I receptors, and these residues were essential for intracellular signal transduction in response to ligand stimulation. The phosphorylation levels of the mutant @entity15703 related to @entity5323 were higher than those of wild-type @entity15703 and were further increased by the presence of type II receptors. The phosphorylation levels of @entity15703 were greatly reduced in mutants carrying a mutation at T203, even in the presence of type II receptors. These findings suggest that the mutant @entity15703 related to @entity5323 is enhanced by @entity6861 type II receptors via the T203-regulated phosphorylation of @entity15703 .

title: Mutant Activin-Like Kinase 2 in @entity5323 Ossificans Progressiva are Activated via T203 by XXXX Type II Receptors.

entities_list: @entity3823 :: ('659', 'Gene') :: ['BMPR-II and activin receptor, type II B']

entities_list: @entity15703 :: ('90', 'Gene') :: ['activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2', 'ALK2']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva', 'FOP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity6861 :: (649,Gene) :: ['BMP']


abstract: @entity35 tissue levels of @entity141 . calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (protein kinase II) and @entity141 . phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) were selectively assayed using the synthetic peptide syntide-2 as substrate. The sequence of syntide-2 ( @entity13387 ) is homologous to phosphorylation site 2 in glycogen synthase. The relative Vmax/Km ratios of the known @entity141 -dependent protein kinases for syntide-2 were determined to be as follows: protein kinase II, 100; protein kinase C, 22; phosphorylase kinase, 2; myosin light chain kinase, 0.005. Levels of protein kinase II were highest in cerebrum (3.36 units/g tissue) and spleen (0.85 units/g) and lowest in testis (0.05 units/g) and kidney (0.04 units/g). Protein kinase II activity was localized predominantly in the 100,000g particulate fraction of cerebrum and testis, in the supernatant fraction of heart, liver, adrenal, and kidney, and about equally distributed between particulate and supernatant in spleen and lung. Likewise, protein kinase C activity was highest in cerebrum (0.56 units/g) and spleen (0.47 units/g), and the majority of activity was present in the cytosolic fraction for all tissues measured except for cerebrum and testis in which the kinase activity was equal in both fractions. Finally, the ratios of protein kinase II to protein kinase C were different in various @entity35 tissues and between particulate and supernatant fractions. These results suggest somewhat different functions for these two @entity141 -regulated, multifunctional protein kinases.

title: Calcium . calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and calcium . phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activities in XXXX tissues assayed with a synthetic peptide.

entities_list: @entity13387 :: ('MESH:C063391', 'Chemical') :: ['pro-leu-ala-arg-thr-leu-ser-val-ala-gly-leu-pro-gly-lys-lys']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the tolerability and efficacy of @entity901 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 after @entity3003 @entity56 reactions in comparison with conventionally used @entity900 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 were treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy from 2006 to 2011 and developed @entity56 reactions to @entity3003 . @entity901 was administered to 27 @entity1 ; 19 @entity1 received @entity900 . Clinicopathologic variables, @entity137 , and time-to-failure were analyzed retrospectively using descriptive statistics, Fisher exact, and independent sample permutation t tests. RESULTS: The median number of @entity3003 cycles and cumulative dose before reaction were similar in the @entity901 and @entity900 groups, respectively (6 vs 7.5 cycles, P = 0.93; 980 [662] mg vs 686 [579.6] mg, P = 0.49). Non-life-threatening @entity56 reaction to @entity901 developed in 2 of 27 @entity1 . No reactions to @entity900 occurred. The median number of @entity901 / @entity900 cycles was 6 in both groups. Complete response to therapy was 34.6% ( @entity901 ) and 31.6% ( @entity900 ); stable disease was seen in 50.0% and 36.8% of @entity901 - and @entity900 -treated @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.46). Exposure to @entity901 resulted in less @entity2359 than @entity900 (25.9% vs 68.4%, P = 0.01). The median number of prior chemotherapy lines in both groups was 2. The median time-to-failure was 10.8 months in @entity901 group and 9.8 months in @entity900 group (P = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage therapy with @entity901 after @entity56 reaction to @entity3003 is associated with excellent tolerability and time-to-failure comparable to @entity900 . When further administration of @entity3003 is precluded, @entity901 represents a safe and effective treatment strategy in the @entity902 -sensitive relapse setting. The significantly lower @entity2359 profile makes it an attractive alternative to @entity900 .

title: @entity901 Is a Safe Alternative Option for XXXX With Recurrent @entity5 After @entity56 Reaction to @entity3003 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the mammographic, histologic, and clinical features of @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre-biopsy mammograms of 67 @entity1 with @entity189 were reviewed. Lesions were synchronous in 35 @entity1 and metachronous in 32. Mammographic appearance, lesion size and location, and bilateral similarities were evaluated. Axillary nodal status was noted. These characteristics were compared with those of @entity5 . RESULTS: Of 58 mammographically evident lesion pairs, 31 involved the same quadrant. Of the total 67 lesion pairs, 24 pairs were similar in appearance, and 15 had both mirror image location and a similar appearance. Of 17 lesion pairs considered to represent a single @entity189 with @entity3 to the contralateral breast, eight had a similar mirror image appearance and five had mirror image location and a similar mirror image appearance. The second @entity5 of metachronous pairs was smaller, with less frequent axillary nodal involvement. CONCLUSION: The appearance of @entity0 does not differ from that of @entity189 . Bilateral @entity0 frequently demonstrate a similar mammographic appearance and mirror image location.

title: XXXX : mammographic and histologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'bilateral carcinoma', 'unilateral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Bilateral breast carcinoma']


abstract: Thrombin inhibition protects against @entity1575 . However, it is not known whether the thrombin profibrogenic effect is due to effects on @entity1003 or to signaling via protease-activated receptors (PARs). We took advantage of the lack of @entity1003 defects in @entity14604 -knockout @entity19 . Acute @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) @entity137 was similar in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity14604 (-/-), and @entity14604 (+/-) @entity19 as judged by aminotransferase levels, area of @entity409 , and liver peroxidation measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Fifteen @entity19 /group received @entity14605 or its solvent for 6 wk (300 microl/kg, 3 times a week). @entity82 area was increased 10-fold by @entity14605 treatment in @entity164 @entity19 . @entity14604 deficiency protected against @entity82 , with 36% and 56% decrease in @entity14604 (+/-) and @entity14604 (-/-) @entity19 , respectively (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for area of activated fibrogenic cells (64% and 79% decrease in @entity14604 (+/-) and @entity14604 (-/-) @entity19 , respectively, P < 0.001). These findings were corroborated by measurements of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and PDGF-beta receptor mRNA levels. There was also a significant decrease in T lymphocyte infiltration in @entity14604 -deficient @entity19 . Altogether, these results suggest that thrombin profibrogenic effects are independent of effects on @entity1003 and are instead due to direct effects on fibrogenic cells and possibly on T lymphocytes.

title: Protease-activated receptor 1 knockout reduces experimentally induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']