abstract: To study the clinical presentation of the first episode of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), treatment tactics and its compliance with current recommendations, features of the further clinical course and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity955 we performed a retrospective study on data of Polyclinic No 1 of the General Management Department of the President of RF . We analyzed data from 58 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) from January 2009 to September 2011 inclusive. The first episode of @entity955 was recorded in the age from 48 to 90 years (in 39.7% of @entity1 - aged 80 to 90 years old), mostly had paroxysmal character (84.5%), in 82.1% of cases was accompanied by marked clinical symptoms: sense of disruption of the heart (50%), feeling short of breath (28.6%), @entity425 (17.9%). In 87% of cases clinical symptomatology required calls for medical emergencies. In 42.9% of cases uncontrolled @entity101 was possible predisposing factor for developing @entity955 . @entity955 moved to constant in 38.8% of @entity1 during the period from 1 year to 18 years. Due to the high risk of @entity1031 complications (2 to 5 on a scale of CHADS2), after the detection @entity955 @entity1229 was shown to 96.6% of @entity1 , because of the high risk of @entity548 in practice was appointed only 37.9%. Complications of therapy in the form of @entity548 were 9.1%. Tactics of rhythm control by antiarrhythmic drugs I and III classes has remained in 36.7% of @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 . -adrenoblockers were constantly taken by 63.3% of the patients using antiarrhythmic drugs I and III classes for relief of @entity943 during her recurrence (the strategy of "pill in pocket").

title: [ XXXX registered for the first time: characteristics of clinical course, treatment, prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Paroxysmal AF', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity3785 (SA) is a critical mediator of plant innate immunity. It plays an important role in limiting the growth and reproduction of the virulent powdery mildew (PM) Golovinomyces orontii on @entity958 ( @entity958 ). To investigate this later phase of the PM interaction and the role played by SA, we performed replicated global expression profiling for wild-type and SA biosynthetic mutant isochorismate synthase1 ( @entity19061 ) @entity958 from 0 to 7 d after infection. We found that @entity19061 -impacted genes constitute 3.8% of profiled genes, with known molecular markers of @entity958 defense ranked very highly by the multivariate empirical Bayes statistic (T(2) statistic). Functional analyses of T(2)-selected genes identified statistically significant PM-impacted processes, including photosynthesis, cell wall modification, and alkaloid metabolism, that are @entity19061 independent. @entity19061 -impacted processes include redox, vacuolar transport/secretion, and signaling. Our data also support a role for @entity19061 (SA) in @entity68 and @entity460 homeostasis and identify components of SA cross talk with other phytohormones. Through our analysis, 39 novel PM-impacted transcriptional regulators were identified. Insertion mutants in one of these regulators, @entity27010 (for plant ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein 2), results in significantly reduced reproduction of the PM in a cell death-independent manner. Although little is known about @entity27010 , @entity27011 acts as a negative regulator of @entity958 @entity27012 , an essential AAA-ATPase chaperone that mediates diverse cellular activities, including homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Future work will elucidate the functional role of the novel regulator @entity27010 in PM resistance.

title: Temporal global expression data reveal known and novel salicylate-impacted processes and regulators mediating powdery mildew growth and reproduction on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The optimal autologous stem cell rescue (HDC-SCR) regimen for @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 (HR-NBL) is not defined. @entity3003 / @entity2879 / @entity3601 (CEM) is the current US standard; however, European data suggest @entity1863 / @entity3601 (Bu/Mel) may have less @entity137 . Published data regarding @entity137 associated with CEM and Bu/Mel are limited. We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with HR-NBL who received CEM or Bu/Mel preparative regimens. @entity137 data were analyzed using   (2) or @entity16043 's exact, Wilcoxon two-sample or log-rank tests. @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) was observed in 7/44 CEM (15.9%) and 5/21 (24%) Bu/Mel @entity1 (P=0.50). Median time to @entity5501 was longer following Bu/Mel than CEM (20 versus 9 days, P=0.02). @entity120 ( @entity120 ) was observed in ~20% of @entity1 after Bu/Mel and none after CEM (P=0.01). CEM @entity1 had more nephrotoxicity (P=0.001), packed red blood cell (P=0.02) and platelet transfusions (P=0.008), and days on maximum @entity158 support (P=0.0007). Time to engraftment, length of stay, documented infection rates and HDC-SCR-related mortality were similar. Nephrotoxicity and resource utilization associated with @entity1503 and @entity33 were greater after CEM. Pulmonary @entity137 were more severe after Bu/Mel, and increased vigilance for @entity120 may be warranted, particularly in @entity1 with @entity519 out of proportion to respiratory distress.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 9 May 2016; doi:10.1038/bmt.2016.84.

title: @entity137 of @entity1863 / @entity3601 versus @entity3003 / @entity2879 / XXXX for high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue for high-risk @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PHTN']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome', 'SOS']

answer: @entity3601 :: (MESH:D008558,Chemical) :: ['melphalan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Current surgical treatment of FIGO stage 1B1 cervical @entity5 is radical surgery. However, several reports have shown that for small @entity5 a more conservative approach can be as effective in terms of survival, whilst at the same time reducing the morbidity associated with removing the parametrium. The objective of our study was to report survival and obstetric outcomes following conservative management of small-volume stage 1B1 disease. METHODS: All @entity1 with FIGO stage 1B1 @entity5 and estimated @entity5 volume of less than 500 mm(3) in a loop biopsy specimen were included in the study, irrespective of other histological characteristics. A second loop biopsy was performed to rule out residual disease in 79% of @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixty two @entity1 were identified with a median age of 35 years (range 27-67). Median @entity5 length was 9.75 mm (7.2-20) and median depth of invasion was 1.55 mm (0.3-5). Thirty five @entity1 (56.4%) were treated with loop biopsy, whilst 27 (45.6%) had simple hysterectomy. Fifty seven @entity1 (92%) had pelvic lymphadenectomy and one positive node was recorded. After a median follow up of 56 months (16-132) no recurrence was noted. Seven full term pregnancies have been achieved. There were no preterm deliveries or mid-term miscarriages. CONCLUSION: Cervical loop biopsy or simple hysterectomy combined with negative pelvic lymphadenectomy for small-volume stage 1B1 cervical @entity5 offers excellent prognosis in terms of survival. Postoperative morbidity is reduced and obstetric outcomes may be improved. Should these results be verified by further prospective studies, radical surgery for these @entity1 may be avoided.

title: Small volume stage 1B1 cervical XXXX : Is radical surgery still necessary?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: On February 19, 2016, the FDA approved @entity20406 (Ibrance, Pfizer) for use in combination with @entity1299 (Faslodex, AstraZeneca) for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5282 ( @entity5282 )-positive, @entity1722 -negative advanced or @entity0 ( @entity0 ) with disease progression following endocrine therapy. The approval was based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 521 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive, @entity1722 -negative advanced or @entity0 . @entity1 were randomized (2:1) to receive @entity20406 plus @entity1299 (n = 347) or placebo plus @entity1299 (n = 174). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). A statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS (9.5 months vs. 4.6 months) was observed in @entity1 receiving @entity20406 plus @entity1299 [ @entity5282 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.59; P < 0.0001]. Safety data confirmed the known adverse reaction profile of @entity20406 . The most common adverse reactions (>20%) in @entity1 treated with @entity20406 were @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity281 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity417 , @entity3136 , @entity10 , @entity294 , and @entity882 . This approval was granted in the context of a prior accelerated approval for @entity20406 in combination with @entity4672 in @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive, @entity1722 -negative @entity0 as initial endocrine-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4968-72.   2016 AACR.

title: FDA Approval of @entity20406 in Combination with @entity1299 for the Treatment of XXXX -Positive, @entity1722 -Negative Metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvestrant']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity20406 :: ('MESH:C500026', 'Chemical') :: ['palbociclib']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity5282 :: (3164,Gene) :: ['Hormone Receptor']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">An internal hernia is a prot @entity547 of bowel through a normal or abnormal orifice in the peritoneum or mesentery. Although they are considered as a rare cause of intestinal obstr @entity1321 er @entity547 mmon type of congenital herni @entity2914 erature search using PubMed was performed to identify all published cases of left paraduodena @entity547 : @entity547 iterature search between 1980 and 2012 using PubMed revealed only 44 case reports before the present one. Median age was 47 years (range 18 - 82 years). Nearly 50% reported previous mild symptoms. Two-third of patients require @entity1 ncy surgery in form of laparotomy or laparoscopic repair. Reduction of hernia contents @entity547 idening or suture repair of the hernia orifice w @entity547 e most common standards in surgical management of LPDH. CONCLUSION @entity547 testinal obstruction secondary to internal hernias is a rar @entity547 ntation. High index of suspicion and preoperative imaging are essential to make an early diagnosis in order to improve outcome.

title: Acute XXXX : a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hernias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'LPDH', 'left paraduodenal hernia', 'paraduodenal hernias']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['intestinal obstruction secondary to left paraduodenal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of immunoglobulin G type of autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL-lgG) and oxLDL-lgM with the progression of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: Residents from Feicheng, China aged 40 to 69 years were screened for esophageal lesions in a screening program conducted during the period of January 2008 to December 2006. There were 33 controls with normal esophageal squamous epithelium cells, 37 @entity1 with @entity1491 , 47 with esophageal squamous cell @entity1141 , and 43 with ESCC. All the @entity1 were diagnosed by biopsy and histopathological examination. @entity1254 , oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), autoantibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL-ab), OxLDL-lgG, and OxLDL-lgM were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total @entity165 , High-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity412 , serum albumin, and blood pressure were co-estimated. Analysis of covariance for lipid levels was used to control the influence of covariates. RESULTS: The level of oxLDL-lgM increased gradually along with @entity418 progression. The oxLDL-lgM levels in the ESCC group were the highest after possible covariates were controlled. Binary logistic regression showed that oxLDL-lgM had a positive correlation with the development of @entity418 , while oxLDL and oxLDL-ab had a negative correlation with @entity1721 . No significant association between the levels of oxLDL-lgG and @entity1254 and the different stages of @entity1721 was observed. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that the decreased oxLDL and oxLDL-ab and the elevated oxLDL-lgM serum levels may relate to the development and progression of @entity1721 .

title: Association of serum levels of lipid and its novel constituents with the different stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESSC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: Intensive sequential chemotherapy with @entity2664 , 12 mg/m2/d on days 1 through 3, @entity2879 , 200 mg/m2/d as a continuous infusion on days 8 through 10, and @entity2592 , 500 mg/m2/d as a continuous infusion on days 1 through 3 and 8 through 10 was administered to 72 @entity1 aged less than 60 years with previously treated @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Forty @entity1 had refractory @entity3052 (nonresponse to prior therapy, early first relapse, or multiple relapse) and 32 had late first relapse. Sixty-one percent of @entity1 , with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 49% to 72%, achieved complete remission (CR), including 45% (CI: 30% to 62%) of refractory @entity1 and 81% (CI: 64% to 93%) of late first relapse @entity1 . Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 (CI: 19% to 41%) did not respond to therapy and 10% (CI: 4% to 19%) died from therapy-related @entity137 . Median duration of @entity3894 was 30 days. Nonhematologic WHO grade 3 or more @entity137 included @entity295 (57% of @entity1 ), @entity391 (10%), @entity33 (35%), @entity294 (7%), @entity1910 (6%), and @entity3638 (11%). Postinduction therapy was attempted in 36 of 44 CR @entity1 : 16 of them received a second course of the same regimen, 7 received maintenance chemotherapy, 4 underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and 9 allogeneic BMT. At a median follow-up of 20 months, 23 of the 44 complete remitters have relapsed, 1 to 14 months after achievement of CR, including 19 of 31 @entity1 not undergoing BMT. Median survival is 7 months with 16% (CI: 4% to 28%) projected survival at 47 months. Median disease-free survival is 6 months with 21% (CI: 3% to 39%) of CR @entity1 projected to remain disease-free at 46 months. Twenty-six percent (CI: 13% to 43%) of the evaluable @entity1 who did not receive transplantation had inversion of CR duration. Among @entity1 younger than 50 years, there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between @entity1 receiving postinduction chemotherapy and those receiving BMT. We conclude that this chemotherapy regimen is highly efficient and could be used as first-line therapy in young @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Intensive sequential chemotherapy with @entity2664 and continuous infusion @entity2879 and @entity2592 for previously treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: The imaginal discs of @entity238 provide a favorable system for the analysis of the mechanisms controlling developmental cell proliferation, because of the separation in time between cell proliferation and differentiation, and the facility with which controlling genes can be identified and characterized. Imaginal discs are established in the embryo, and grow by cell proliferation throughout the larval period. Proliferation terminates in a regular spatial pattern during the final stages of larval development and the first day of pupal development. Cell proliferation can be locally reactivated in growth-terminated imaginal discs by removing part of the disc and culturing the remaining fragment in an adult host. The pattern of proliferation in these fragments suggests that cell proliferation in imaginal discs is controlled by direct interactions between cells and their neighbors. Proliferation appears to be stimulated by positional information differences, and these differences are reduced by the addition of new cells during tissue growth. Genes involved in cell proliferation control have been identified by collecting and analyzing recessive lethal mutations which cause overgrowth of imaginal discs. In some of these mutants (fat, lgd, @entity32517 , dco) the overgrowing tissue is @entity5072 ; it retains its single-layered epithelial structure and is capable of differentiating. In two of the @entity5072 mutants (dco and @entity32517 ), the imaginal discs show a failure of gap-junctional cell communication, suggesting that this form of cell communication may be involved in termination of proliferation. In other mutants the overgrowing disc tissue is neoplastic: it loses its structure and ability to differentiate, becoming a tumorous growth. The two genes that give a neoplastic phenotype (dlg and @entity32516 ) have been cloned and cDNAs of one of them ( @entity32516 ) sequenced. The @entity32516 gene encodes a cell surface molecule with significant homology to @entity460 -dependent cell adhesion molecules (cadherins). The expression of @entity32516 at the time of termination of cell proliferation suggests that there are changes in the way that cells interact with one another at these times, and that these changes may be implemented by cell adhesion molecules. Direct cell contact within the epithelium, as well as signalling through gap junctions, appears to be involved in the cell interactions needed for the termination of cell proliferation. Mutations in genes encoding the @entity238 homologs of growth factors, growth factor receptors and oncogenes usually show an effect on cell-fate decisions rather than cell proliferation control, but this may be because oncogenic mutations in these genes would be dominant lethals and would therefore not be identified by conventional genetic analysis.

title: The genetic control of cell proliferation in XXXX imaginal discs.

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite increasing evidence that assessing frailty facilitates medical decision-making, a quick and clinically simple frailty assessment tool is not available for @entity130 settings. STUDY DESIGN: This study examined accuracy and acceptability of a novel wearable technology (upper-extremity  frailty [ @entity2045 ]) to objectively assess frailty status in older adults (65 years or older) admitted to the hospital due to traumatic ground-level falls. Frailty was measured using a validated modified Rockwood questionnaire, the @entity130 -Specific Frailty Index (TSFI), as the gold standard. @entity1 performed a 20-second trial of rapid @entity14228 with the dominant elbow in a supine posture while wearing the @entity2045 system. RESULTS: We recruited 101 eligible older adults (age 79    9 years). Parameters of the @entity2045 indicative of @entity73 , @entity425 , and exhaustion during @entity14228 were independent predictors of the TSFI score, while adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. A high agreement (r  = 0.72, p  < 0.0001) was observed between TSFI score and the @entity2045 model; sensitivity and specificity for predicting the frailty status were 78% and 82%, respectively. Of recruited @entity1 , 57% were not able to walk at the time of measurements, suggesting a limitation for walking-based frailty assessments. Significant correlations were observed between @entity2045 parameters and number of falls within a previous year, with highest correlation observed for @entity73 (r  =  -0.41). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a simple test of 20-second @entity14228 may be practical and sensitive to identify frailty among hospitalized older adults. The @entity2045 test is independent of walking assessments, reflects several frailty markers, and it is practical for bed-bound @entity1 .

title: Assessing Upper-Extremity Motion: An Innovative, Objective Method to Identify Frailty in Older Bed-Bound XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion slowness', 'slowness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the impact of age and gender on the clinicopathological characteristics of histologically confirmed @entity150 in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to June 2008, records of @entity1 with @entity150 were evaluated for age and gender at presentation, clinical symptoms, cystoscopic finding, history of smoking, and histopathological characteristics. A total of 561 @entity1 were identified from the computer-based hospital information system and the case files of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 97% of the @entity1 presented with painless @entity811 . The mean age was 60.2 +/- 4.4 years old (range: 18-90 years old) and the male to female ratio was 8.6:1. @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) was the most common histological variety, which was present in 97.71% (470 of 481) of the @entity1 . A total of 26% of the @entity1 had muscle invasive disease at the time of presentation. However, 34.5% (166 of 481) of the @entity1 did not show any evidence of detrusor muscle in their biopsy specimen. In @entity1 with nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 , 55% had p Ta while 45% had p T1. Overall, 44.7% (215 of 481) of the @entity1 had low-grade disease. Among @entity1 younger than 60 years old, low-grade (51.0% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.006) and low-stage (77.1% vs. 70.8%; P = 0.119) disease were more prevalent than in @entity1 older than 60 years old. The incidence of smoking was much higher among males compared with females (74% vs. 22%). CONCLUSION: @entity1606 is the predominant @entity5 , with significant male preponderance among Indian @entity1 . Younger-aged @entity1 have low-grade disease. @entity811 is the most common presentation and greater awareness is needed not to overlook @entity150 .

title: Impact of age and gender on the clinicopathological characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A total of 142 subjects have been examined; of these 49 healthy relatives of @entity1 with manifest porphyria @entity10921 (PCT) (group 1), 48 subjects with melanodermal skin changes characteristic of PCT abd with anamnesis aggravated for @entity988 (group 2), and 45 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 (group 3). None of the examinees has developed @entity9335 symptoms. The findings have been compared to the results of examinations of 24 normal subjects and of 145 @entity1 with manifest PCT. Minimal abnormalities of @entity7170 metabolism have been detected in 43 subjects (30.2%). In group 1 subjects these abnormalities presented as increased levels of @entity10475 and fecal @entity10474 , in Groups 2 and 3 as secondary coproporphyrinuria and a symptomatic rise of fecal protoporphyrin level. Latent PCT has been diagnosed in 18 @entity1 (12.7%). In @entity10921 the total @entity7170 excretion with the urine has been 10-fold lower than in manifest PCT, not exceeding 1000 nmol/day; in has been associated with a relative elevation of @entity10475 level (up to 42-65% of the total @entity7170 content). Increased @entity10474 concentrations have been recorded, with @entity10474 share making up over 60% of the total amount. It is possible that the minimal shifts of @entity7170 metabolism anticipate the development of the biochemical syndrome of @entity10921 . The author suggests criteria for the early diagnosis of the latent forms of the disease. He considers that the examinees should be referred to a group at risk of developing manifest PCT.

title: [Latent porphyria XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10921 :: ('MESH:D017119', 'Disease') :: ['cutanea tarda', 'latent PCT']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['photosensitization']

entities_list: @entity10474 :: ('CHEBI:23388', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity10475 :: ('CHEBI:27259', 'Chemical') :: ['uroporphyrin']

answer: @entity10921 :: (MESH:D017119,Disease) :: ['cutanea tarda']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is one of the most common @entity2675 . The prevalence of @entity263 is different due to genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis of @entity263 is by biopsy due to @entity1486 and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE). Controversy about decision making for prostate biopsy in @entity1486 between 4 and 10 and normal DRE, is one of the problems in this time. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of @entity263 in males with @entity1486 between 4 and 10 and normal DRE. We also evaluated the @entity1486 density and percent of free @entity1486 in @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 121 males with @entity1486 between 4 and 10 and normal DRE, were evaluated. Then, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) andprostate biopsy from 12 points of peripheral zone, was done. These data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test and ANOVA and Roc curve. RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence of @entity263 in @entity1486 between 4 and 10 and normal DRE, was evaluated, 29.8%. With use of Roc curve, @entity1486 density cutoff point was calculated 0.12 and percent of free @entity1486 cutoff point, was calculated, 18%. CONCLUSION: In males with @entity1486 between 4 and 10 and normal DRE, @entity1486 density smaller than 0.12-0.15, and percent of free @entity1486 greater than 18%, the prevalence of @entity263 is very few and we can safely ignore the TRUS and prostate biopsy in these males and eliminate its costs and side effects.

title: Evaluation of @entity263 prevalence in XXXX with prostatic-specific antigen between 4 and 10 and normal digital rectal examination.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male cancers']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects were studied in a combination therapy with @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ) and @entity869 (ABPC) in neonates and premature @entity1 . The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics (1) Average serum concentrations at 30 minutes after one-shot intravenous injection of @entity5647 20 mg/kg and ABPC 25 mg/kg to a 4-7 days age-group of neonates were 41.3 ( @entity5647 ) and 30.5 (ABPC) micrograms/ml, respectively. They gradually decreased to 14.7 and 2.7 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the administration, but the concentration of @entity5647 was always higher than that of ABPC. (2) Serum half-lives (T1/2) in the 4-7 days age-group were 3.61 hours for @entity5647 and 1.42 hours for ABPC, thus T1/2 of @entity5647 was longer. However, T1/2 of @entity5647 was scarcely affected in the concomitant administration of ABPC. (3) Urinary excretion of @entity5647 in the concomitant administration to the 4-7 days age-group was 52.7%, which was the same or a little higher comparing to that in @entity5647 alone administration. 2. Clinical studies (1) @entity5647 and ABPC were concomitantly administered to 160 cases and 133 cases were evaluated for efficacy. Pathogenic organisms were identified in 29 cases (Group A) and the efficacy rate was 86.2% (25/29). The number of cases in which pathogenic organisms were not identified (Group B) was 50 and in this group, the efficacy rate was excellent, 94.0% (47/50). @entity5647 and ABPC were concomitantly administered to 54 cases for prophylaxis and in all the cases the administrations showed prophylactic effect. (2) Bacterial changes were confirmed in 21 of the 29 cases in which pathogenic organisms were identified initially and all of these 21 cases showed bacterial eradication, i.e., the bacterial eradication rate in the treatment was 100%. (3) There were 2 cases in which side-effects were observed among the analyzed 152 cases (1.3%). The side effects found were 1 case each of @entity294 and @entity203 . Abnormal laboratory values were found in 23 cases (15.9%), i.e., @entity1712 (9 cases), platelet-increase (4), elevation of GOT (4), elevation of GOT and GPT (3) and others (3). From the above pharmacokinetics and clinical results, the combination therapy of @entity5647 and ABPC is considered to be one of the useful empiric antibiotic-therapies when pathogenic organisms are unknown in the infections of neonates and premature @entity1 .

title: [Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on @entity5646 in neonates and premature @entity1 (the second report). Study on effectiveness and safety in combination therapy using XXXX and @entity869 . A study of @entity5646 in the Perinatal Co-research Group].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity5646 :: (MESH:D001398,Chemical) :: ['aztreonam']


abstract: We present six cases of @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ) of the @entity1374 without distant @entity3 at diagnosis and with a long follow-up. We retrieved the six consecutive cases of thyroid @entity5426 between 2005 and 2011. Gender was equally represented; median age was 60  years (range 53-68). One case was post-irradiation and another post-exposure to @entity7398 . Median diameter was 6  cm (range 5-13). Regional nodal @entity3 were present at onset in two cases. All the cases expressed @entity2279 in a membranous pattern. @entity2280 was always negative. All the @entity1 underwent complete surgical resection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied in one case and adjuvant chemotherapy in four cases with adjuvant radiation therapy in one case. Follow-up until June 2015 was available in five cases. Median follow-up was 59  months (range 9-82). Three @entity1 relapsed. Two @entity1 (the post-irradiation and post @entity7398 exposure cases) died of disease after 36 and 9  months, after a local relapse soon followed by distant @entity3 . Three @entity1 are alive and well after 59, 70, and 82  months, including a @entity1 with a relapse treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. In conclusion, thyroid @entity5426 without distant @entity3 at diagnosis are very rare @entity5 . They all expressed @entity2279 , while @entity2280 was always negative. Distant @entity3 developed together with local relapse, rapidly followed by @entity204 . Inadequate surgery contributed to poor outcome. Cases with previous exposure to irradiation and @entity7398 showed a particularly poor behavior.

title: @entity5426 of the @entity1374 without distant XXXX at diagnosis: report of six cases with a long follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['EAS', 'epithelioid angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: A subset of Macaca nigra have been identified with elevated levels of fasting and secretory insulin. The insulin increment between 0 and 15 min in an intravenous @entity413 tolerance test (IV-GTT) was 511 +/- 42 microU/ml in hyperinsulinemic (HYPER) monkeys compared to 191 +/- 16 microU/ml in @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) controls (p less than 0.01). Fasting insulin increased from 37 +/- 4 in @entity7964 to 57 +/- 7 microU/ml in HYPER monkeys (p = 0.02). @entity413 clearance also increased from 3.87 +/- 0.18 in @entity7964 to 5.78 +/- 0.52%/min in HYPER monkeys (p less than 0.01). The acute (239 +/- 31 versus 137 +/- 19 microU/ml/min) and secondary insulin responses (542 +/- 75 versus 207 +/- 32 microU/ml/min) were significantly greater in the HYPER monkeys than in the @entity7964 controls, respectively (p less than 0.05). The rate of @entity413 clearance per amount of insulin secreted was diminished about 40% in both the acute and the secondary phases of HYPER monkeys (p less than 0.02). Total C-peptide secretion was two times greater in HYPER than in @entity7964 monkeys (p = 0.05). The HYPER monkeys averaged 12-20% greater weight and 41-44% greater body mass than the @entity7964 monkeys (p less than 0.05), although both groups were fed the same amount of diet and were well within nonobese limits. These Macaca nigra appear to have a functional lesion with excess insulin secretion, relatively impaired clearance of @entity413 , and possible insulin resistance, but no islet pathological lesion. Development toward overt @entity6 might be exacerbated if @entity28 became a more dominant factor.

title: Hyperinsulinemia in Macaca nigra: precession to @entity28 and/or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic', 'ND']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cultured @entity1 erythroid cells derived in vitro may represent alternative transfusion products. It is unknown, however, if these ex vivo expanded erythroid cells remain functional or develop @entity74 after storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using mononuclear cells from four adult blood donors, erythroblasts were generated ex vivo in expansion cultures supplemented with @entity6826 , @entity2772 , @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), @entity619 , and @entity53 . The viability and in vitro function of freshly expanded or short (1-2 months)- and long (8 years)-term-stored erythroblasts cryopreserved in @entity3733 were compared. Erythroblast function was defined as ability to proliferate in expansion media and mature in response to @entity1307 . Cell number was determined manually and expressed as fold increase. Viability was assessed by @entity3460 and @entity2667 exclusion. Maturation was evaluated by morphologic analyses and @entity4210 / @entity33009 expression profiling. Cytogenetic evaluation included karyotype and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. RESULTS: Equivalent numbers (>80%) of erythroblasts were viable after short- and long-term storage. Freshly expanded and short- and long-term-stored erythroblasts equally doubled in number (fold increase, 2.4) retaining an immature phenotype (23% of the cells were @entity4210 (high) @entity33009 (neg)) when cultured for 4 days under expansion conditions. The numbers of freshly expanded and short-term-stored erythroblasts that matured when exposed for 4 days to @entity1307 were also similar (approx. 22% of the cells became @entity4210 (neg) @entity33009 (high)). In spite of the massive amplification, ex vivo generated erythroblasts demonstrated a normal (46,XY) karyotype with no obvious genomic rearrangements. CONCLUSION: Ex vivo expanded erythroblasts remain functional and genetically normal after long-term storage.

title: Long-term storage does not alter functionality of in vitro generated XXXX erythroblasts: implications for ex vivo generated erythroid transfusion products.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['stem cell factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) being the most frequent sleep related @entity387 results in @entity25 , an increased @entity65 and mortality as well as an elevated number of accidents. In Germany at least two million @entity1 have to be expected. @entity27 is diagnosed early enough then sleep may regain its restorative function, daytime performance may be improved and accident risk as well as cardiovascular risk may be normalised. This review critically evaluates anamnestic parameters, questionnaires, clinical findings and unattended recordings during sleep regarding their diagnostic accurracy in recognising @entity27 . There are numerous tools with insufficient results or too few data disqualifying them for screening for @entity27 . Promising preliminary results are published concerning neural network analysis of a high number of clinical parameters and non-linear analysis of oximetry itself or in combination with heart rate. Nasal pressure recordings can be used for risk estimation even without expertise in sleep medicine. More data is needed. Unattended portable monitoring used by qualified physicians is the gold standard procedure when screening methods for @entity27 are compared. It has a very high sensitivity and specificity well documented by several meta-analyses.

title: Early diagnosis of sleep related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['breathing disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['non-restorative sleep']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['If obstructive sleep apnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['breathing disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2553 is the commonest cause for mortality and morbidity in @entity1 following clipping of a @entity1756 . Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor like @entity7855 acts as a vasodilator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of oral @entity7855 in @entity1 with symptomatic refractory @entity2553 . METHODS: A total of 832 @entity1 with @entity510 were operated in 4 years. Two hundred and seventy-three @entity1 had @entity2553 . Of these, 72 @entity1 had @entity2553 . @entity2553 was defined as refractory when institution of " @entity33701 " failed to reverse the transcranial Doppler (TCD) values even after 24 hours. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed no @entity1188 , @entity1410 , or @entity1276 , and the serum electrolytes were within normal limits. They received 100-150 mg of @entity7855 every 4 hours. Response was evaluated by 2-hourly TCD. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had sustained (TCD values normal for >48 hours) and four had temporary relief in @entity2553 , as suggested. Four @entity1 developed complications significant enough to terminate the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7855 may be effective in @entity1 with refractory symptomatic @entity2553 . It calls upon the pharmacologists and scientists to discover newer supraselective PDE inhibitors, specific to PDE receptors in brain vessels.

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity7855 citrate in reversal of XXXX : A feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid bleed']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate', 'Sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vasospasm', 'refractory cerebral vasospasm', 'Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress- induced @entity296 is acute, reversible left ventricle mainly @entity409 in @entity1 with normal coronary angiography. Rarely it regards basal segments, therefore defined as "inverted stress- induced @entity296 ". While classic form mostly affects postmenopausal @entity1 , inverted variant occurs essentially in younger females, always triggered by stress. It can also develop after medical procedures and surgery. Herein we report such unique case of 36- year old @entity1 after cesarean delivery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 36- year- old white @entity1 at 40  week of gestation was admitted to hospital for elective repeated cesarean delivery. During caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia a previously healthy @entity1 became @entity551 , requiring @entity6358 to maintain her blood pressure. Three hours after delivery the @entity1 presented @entity712 and @entity4 . Due to low blood pressure she demanded the administration of inotropic agents. Owing to @entity1576 and gradual deterioration of consciousness, mechanical ventilation was applied. Results of additional tests finally excluded @entity1151 and @entity1187 . The transthoracic echocardiography revealed @entity1002 , ejection fraction 30  % with hypokinesis of the mid and basal segments of posterior, anterior and lateral wall with preserved contractility of the apical segments. The diagnosis of inverted stress- induced @entity296 was set upon the overall clinical data. Both echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging performed on the fifth day showed complete recovery of myocardial function. The @entity1 was discharged after 15  days in good overall condition. At 12- month follow- up she remained asymptomatic with no echocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Inverted stress- induced @entity296 may occur in postpartum period, especially in combination with spinal anesthesia and adrenergic stimulants administration. The clinical awareness and multimodality imaging of possible diagnosis and further management of this unexpected variant of @entity712 after caesarean delivery is required.

title: Inverted stress- induced XXXX as a unusual variant of @entity712 after cesarean delivery- a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['apical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) in late @entity2287 enhanced (LGE) cardiac MR (CMR) images is difficult due to the intensity heterogeneity arising from accumulation of contrast agent in infarcted @entity1562 . In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for automatic 3D segmentation of the LV in LGE CMR images. Given myocardial contours in cine images as a priori knowledge, the framework initially propagates the a priori segmentation from cine to LGE images via 2D translational registration. Two meshes representing respectively endocardial and epicardial surfaces are then constructed with the propagated contours. After construction, the two meshes are deformed towards the myocardial edge points detected in both @entity851 and @entity1162 LGE images in a unified 3D coordinate system. Taking into account the intensity characteristics of the LV in LGE images, we propose a novel parametric model of the LV for consistent myocardial edge points detection regardless of pathological status of the @entity1562 (infarcted or healthy) and of the type of the LGE images ( @entity851 or @entity1162 ). We have evaluated the proposed framework with 21 sets of real @entity1 and four sets of simulated phantom data. Both distance- and region-based performance metrics confirm the observation that the framework can generate accurate and reliable results for @entity296 of LGE images. We have also tested the robustness of the framework with respect to varied a priori segmentation in both practical and simulated settings. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can greatly compensate variations in the given a priori knowledge and consistently produce accurate segmentations.

title: Three-dimensional segmentation of the left ventricle in late XXXX enhanced MR images of chronic infarction combining long- and @entity851 information.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-axis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segmentation']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 with favorable histology @entity3969 who had residual abdominal disease (Surgical Stages III and IV) were treated from 1979 to 1988 on a protocol designed to assess the effectiveness of reduced radiation doses. All @entity1 received three-agent chemotherapy, beginning within 1 week after surgery. To permit assessment of disease response to initial chemotherapy, radiation therapy was delayed for a median of 28 days after surgery (range, 14-71 days). Total doses of abdominal radiation were limited to 12 Gy, given as 150 cGy daily fractions; 18 @entity1 with Stage IV disease received 12 Gy bilateral pulmonary irradiation. Two year disease-free survival was 85% and 71% for Stage III and IV, respectively (p = .24). Abdominal relapses occurred in 3 cases (5.7%). The interval between surgery and initiation of irradiation was not related to disease-free survival. Of several @entity1 and disease-related factors analyzed, only @entity1 age was related to outcome. Disease-free survival was 100% at 3 years for @entity1 under the age of 3 versus 78% for @entity1 greater than age 3 (p = .05). Reduced-dose abdominal radiotherapy in conjunction with multi-agent chemotherapy and surgery provided excellent disease control with minimal @entity137 in advanced-stage, favorable histology @entity3969 .

title: XXXX : reduced-dose radiotherapy in @entity3969 with favorable histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Suprapubic cystostomy is performed in @entity1566 @entity1 in order to prevent complications associated with long-term urethral catheter drainage. We report a @entity1 in whom suprapubic catheter did not drain urine satisfactorily and imaging studies revealed @entity1494 . CASE PRESENTATION: A female @entity1 sustained @entity451 in a traffic accident in 1994 at the age of seventeen years. When she was discharged from spinal unit, she was performing self- catheterisations. In 1995, indwelling urethral catheter drainage was instituted, as she was not able to cope up with self-catheterisations. Intravenous urography, performed in 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2003 showed urinary bladder of normal shape. In 2004, this @entity1 developed frequent blockages and bypassing of catheter; therefore, suprapubic cystostomy was performed. In 2005, she was leaking urine per urethra; therefore, an indwelling catheter was inserted; both suprapubic and urethral catheters drained urine. In 2008, suprapubic catheter failed to drain any urine. Cystogram revealed @entity1494 . The balloon of suprapubic Foley catheter was located in the upper compartment of @entity1494 whereas the urethral catheter was placed in the inferior compartment. Ultrasound examination of urinary bladder showed two compartments of @entity1494 separated by a narrow waist. Computed tomography cystogram delineated smaller superior and larger inferior compartment of the @entity1494 . At present this @entity1 is happy to manage her bladder with suprapubic and urethral catheters. CONCLUSION: When prompt replacement of a mal-functioning suprapubic catheter fails to rectify the problem, computer tomography cystography should be performed to check precise location of suprapubic catheter and structural @entity1494 . In this @entity1 , cystogram revealed @entity1494 . Possible reasons for development of @entity1494 in @entity1566 @entity1 are: traction applied to dome of urinary bladder by Foley balloon when suprapubic catheter is taped tightly to anterior abdominal wall for several months; uncoordinated contractions of detrusor muscle; @entity2335 leading to @entity1494 wall.

title: Hourglass urinary bladder in a XXXX @entity1 - unusual late complication of suprapubic cystostomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy of bladder', 'abnormalities of urinary bladder', 'hourglass bladder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cystitis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous anatomical and radiological studies of conus position with flexion and extension of the spine have had conflicting results. We previously performed a @entity1 cadaveric study with direct visualization of the conus during flexion and extension to further study this question and to potentially determine if flexion and extension of the spine during MRI may prove to be a diagnostic tool in occult @entity601 . We found no movement of the conus during flexion or extension. The present is a follow-up study using MR imaging of Rhesus ( @entity2608 ) monkeys to see if the conus moves in flexion or extension of the spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We placed three adult male @entity2608 under general anesthesia into a 1.5 T Siemens MRI machine. Sagittal T2-weighted images were obtained through the lumbosacral spine during flexion and extension. The conus position was compared between studies. RESULTS: In all animals, the conus terminated between L6 and S1, and the conus did not move from its neutral position in either flexion or extension of the spine. CONCLUSIONS: Flexion and extension of the non- @entity1 primate's spine does not result in a change of position of the conus medullaris to change position. Therefore, it is unlikely that the conus would change position during flexion and extension MRI in an adult without a tethered spinal cord.

title: Study of the effects of flexion on the position of the conus medullaris: follow-up study using MR imaging in non- XXXX primates.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tethered cord syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors associated with dissection from inflammatory @entity449 may be different from those in the general population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for aortic dissection/ @entity397 in @entity1 with @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and @entity449 . METHODS: A population-based incident cohort of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity226 from 1950 to 2004 was used. All @entity1 with @entity449 diagnosed 1 year prior to @entity226 diagnosis or any time thereafter were included. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate risk factors for aortic dissection/ @entity397 . RESULTS: The study included 33 @entity1 (91% @entity1 ) with @entity226 and @entity449 . Mean age at diagnosis of @entity449 was 83.6 years. There were 27 thoracic @entity439 and 19 @entity439 . Eight @entity1 developed aortic dissection/ @entity397 (both thoracic and abdominal aorta in 5 cases, thoracic aorta only in 2 cases, and isolated abdominal aorta in 1 case).Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27 per 10 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.86) and later calendar year at diagnosis of @entity449 (HR, 0.29 per 10 years; 95% CI, 0.13-0.69) were associated with decreased risk of dissection/ @entity397 . Size of the @entity439 (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.69-1.99) was not associated with dissection/ @entity397 . Histopathology showed active @entity3665 in 4 of 7 @entity1 with aortic dissection/ @entity397 compared with 0 of 7 @entity1 with @entity449 without dissection/ @entity397 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity439 size was not a predictor of aortic dissection/ @entity397 in this cohort of @entity1 with @entity226 . The higher frequency of active @entity3665 in @entity1 with dissection suggests that active @entity32 may play a role.

title: Predictors of Dissection in @entity449 From XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'thoracic aneurysm', 'abdominal aneurysms', 'Aneurysm']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['Giant Cell Arteritis']


abstract: The combination of @entity5003 and @entity58 stimulates the proliferation of certain @entity19 T cell populations. Although this effect has been best characterized for a number of @entity19 type 2 Th cell (Th2) clones, the mechanism(s) by which these cytokines effect this response is unclear. We have examined the effects of @entity5003 and @entity58 on @entity10496 expression by MD10 cells, and @entity5003 -responsive @entity19 T cell line. These cells bear specific @entity10496 , which bind @entity1 and @entity19 @entity634 . The measured apparent @entity10496 dissociation constant ranged from 41 to 255 pM using 125I-HrIL-1 alpha. Cross-linking studies demonstrated two different 125I-HrIL-1 alpha binding complexes having Mr of 70,000 and 130,000 to 156,000. When removed from passage conditions and placed in non-growth factor-supplemented media, MD10 @entity10496 expression spontaneously increased two- to fourfold over the first 11 to 12 h of culture followed by a decline. This phenomenon is partially inhibitable by @entity1880 suggesting that protein synthesis is involved. In agreement with other reports, HrIL-1 alpha down-regulated the expression of its own receptor with an ED50 of between 1 and 10 pM HrIL-1 alpha for this effect. In most experiments, low amounts of HrIL-1 alpha (1.0, 0.1 pM) significantly augmented @entity10496 expression. Scatchard analysis of data obtained with all HrIL-1 alpha treatment conditions showed that the effects were due to a change in receptor number, not affinity. Significantly, purified @entity19 @entity58 (MpIL-4) augmented MD10 @entity10496 expression in both a time- and dose-dependent fashion. In the presence of 50 U/ml MpIL-4, MD10 @entity10496 expression increased two- to threefold after 24 h without a change in receptor affinity. When MpIL-4 (50 U/ml) and various amounts of HrIL-1 alpha (.01-1000 pM) were co-added, the down-regulatory effect of high levels of HrIL-1 alpha was significantly antagonized. When added to cultures after 24 h of HrIL-1 alpha (100 pM) treatment, MpIL-4 reversed the @entity10496 down-regulatory effect induced by high levels of HrIL-1 alpha. Finally, when combined in MD10 proliferation assays, MpIL-4 synergistically enhanced the proliferation of MD10 cells treated with suboptimal levels of HrIL-1 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity5003 and @entity58 modulate @entity5003 receptor expression in a XXXX T cell line.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post- @entity64 motor impairments cause @entity4764 controlling the joints of the affected limbs to produce useful movements. One way to manage this to use an orthosis to control the movement of the affected joints but evidence for their benefit is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of upper or lower limb orthoses on activity and impairment in @entity1 with @entity64 and other non-progressive @entity75 . SEARCH STRATEGY: In February 2007 we searched the trials registers of the Cochrane @entity64 , @entity717 and Injuries Groups, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2007), MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), CINAHL (from 1983), AMED (from 1985), PsycINFO (from 1967) and RECAL (from 1990), and other databases and trials registers. We screened reference lists, contacted lead authors and other researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials of orthoses applied to the upper or lower limb in @entity1 with @entity64 and other non-progressive @entity75 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently identified trials, extracted data, and assessed trial quality. Results for continuous outcomes were combined and analysed using mean difference or standardised mean difference, both with 95% confidence intervals and fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We analysed 14 trials with 429 @entity1 . The overall effect of lower limb orthoses on walking disability (speed), walking @entity73 (weight distribution in standing) was significant and beneficial. There was no significant effect on postural sway ( @entity73 ) or mobility disability but the numbers of studies and @entity1 were low. However, these were all cross-over trials that looked at the immediate effect while wearing the orthosis; they did not assess the effects of wearing an orthosis over the long term. Upper limb orthoses showed no effect on upper limb function, range of movement at the wrist, fingers or thumb, nor @entity158 . However, this was based on only three trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A lower limb orthosis can improve walking and balance but the included studies have only examined the immediate effects while wearing the orthosis; the effects of long-term use have not been investigated. An @entity3140 does not effect on upper limb function, range of movement at the wrist, fingers or thumb, nor @entity158 , but this conclusion is based on only three trials.

title: WITHDRAWN: Orthotic devices after @entity64 and other non-progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment (step/stride length) and balance impairment', 'balance impairment']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb orthosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorders']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: To examine the relationship between circulating levels of bioactive FSH (B-FSH) and immunoactive inhibin and @entity53 we studied five @entity1 during ovulatory cycles. Daily blood samples were collected from each subject during one menstrual cycle. B-FSH was measured using a modified, highly sensitive in-vitro @entity35 granulosa cell bioassay. The inclusion of @entity442 (10 micrograms/l) and @entity69 (50 mg/l) in the assay system enhanced granulosa cell responsiveness to FSH and resulted in increased assay sensitivity. Inhibin was measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) using an antibody raised against 31 kDa @entity291 inhibin. Bioactive FSH (B-FSH) levels were closely correlated to those of immunoactive FSH (I-FSH, r = 0.79, P less than 0.001) throughout the cycle. Peak levels of B-FSH were observed during the early follicular phase (day -13, 44.7 +/- 9.6 IU/l, mean +/- SEM) and during the midcycle surge (35.2 +/- 6.2 IU/l); lowest levels occurring during the luteal phase (nadir 3.9 +/- 0.27 IU/l). Plasma @entity53 levels increased significantly during the follicular phase (P less than 0.001) to a peak on day -1 and were negatively correlated with B-FSH during the late follicular phase (day -8 to -1; r = -0.45, P less than 0.02). There was no change in the concentration of inhibin (range 55.3-72.3 U/l) during the follicular phase until day -2 after which an increase to a midcycle peak of 139 +/- 10.6 U/l was observed. No correlation was observed between inhibin and B-FSH during the follicular phase. A second increase in the concentration of inhibin was seen during the luteal phase; peak levels occurred by day 6 (311 +/- 25.8 U/l), remained elevated until day 12, and were negatively correlated with B-FSH (r = -0.53, P less than 0.001). No correlation was observed between @entity53 and inhibin or B-FSH during the luteal phase. We conclude that (1) @entity53 secretion from the growing follicle is primarily responsible for the negative feedback regulation of B-FSH resulting in a change from peak levels in the early follicular phase to basal levels in the late follicular phase; (2) significant and sustained increase in peripheral inhibin concentrations occur mostly during the luteal phase; and (3) regulation of FSH secretion by inhibin occurs primarily in the luteal phase. These results suggest a temporal relationship between @entity53 and inhibin in the negative feedback regulation of FSH in vivo.

title: Circulating bioactive follicle stimulating hormone and immunoreactive inhibin levels during the normal XXXX menstrual cycle.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity765 are benign fibrous @entity5 originating from the @entity2383 throughout the body. These rare @entity5 have been shown to account in 0.03% of all @entity5 . Twenty-five percent of all @entity765 occur in @entity1 under 15 years of age. The infrequency of these @entity5 has limited studies to case reports and retrospective reviews dictating the authors recommended treatments and management. We present a case report of @entity765 involving the left mandible in a 14-month-old @entity1 . His treatment course included 2 excisions, removal of the free rib graft secondary to persistence of the @entity5 , and wound dehiscence, and later a free fibular osteomyocutaneous flap for reconstruction. We then retrospectively reviewed all published data of @entity765 involving the pediatric mandible since 1950 to 2007 in the PubMed database. Forty cases have been reported, which had a M:F ratio of 1:1 with an average age of 5.3 (standard deviation [SD] +/- 4.5) years. There appeared to be left-sided predominance of @entity765 in the pediatric mandible with a ratio of 3:1. The mean size of the @entity5 was 4.6 cm (SD +/- 2.1) at the largest diameter. We have tabulated the relevant data of all the cases including the methods of treatment and recurrence. It is found that when compared with conservative management, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and curettage or surgical local excisions as treatment options the most efficient treatment was partial mandiblectomy, which resulted in complete @entity5 dissipation with no @entity5 recurrence. In summary, this is the largest review of the pediatric @entity765 of the mandible to date where we provide for the first time an algorithm for the management and treatment of the pediatric @entity765 of the mandible.

title: XXXX of the pediatric mandible: case report and review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['musculoaponeurotic structures']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['Desmoid tumors']


abstract: The pipeline @entity887 device (PED; ev3 Endovascular, Plymouth, MN, USA) is a flow-diverter used in the endovascular treatment of @entity438 , particularly those with unfavorable configurations. It causes progressive flow redirection leading to @entity439 @entity715 . This study aimed to present a systematic review of the published literature on the clinical outcomes of PED. A Medline search of the English language literature was performed using the keywords " @entity438 " or "flow diverters". The inclusion criteria were: n>10 @entity1 ; unruptured @entity439 ; documentation of complications; and at least 3 months of follow-up. A total of 13 studies, with 905 @entity1 and 1043 @entity439 , were included. The mean age was 53.8 years, with @entity1 comprising 76.3% of @entity1 . The mean @entity439 diameter was 11.1mm with 37% classed as large @entity439 and 10% classed as giant. The cumulative mortality rate was 2.3%. Seventeen @entity1 had a @entity64 (1.9%), while 19 (2.0%) had a transient @entity63 attack and 21 @entity1 (2.3%) had an @entity932 . The two outcome measures were the cumulative event rate (16.7%) and the 6 month @entity439 rate (79.7%). A funnel plot with study size plotted against the two outcome measures revealed publication bias. Data from recent studies suggest that complication and mortality rates associated with PED may be similar to other contemporary endovascular techniques, with a better 6 month @entity439 rate. More prospective clinical trials are warranted to further validate these results.

title: Treatment of unruptured XXXX with the pipeline @entity887 device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms" and "pipeline embolization device']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been more than a decade, since the introduction of laparoscopic management of ventral and incisional @entity547 . The purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature, analyze the results of Laparoscopic repair of ventral and incisional @entity547 and to ascertain its role. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pubmed was used for identifying the original articles. Both incisional and @entity4037 repair were included. Out of 145 articles extracted from Pubmed, 34 original studies were considered for review. More than three thousand @entity1 were included in the review. Variables analyzed in the review were inpatient stay, defect size, mesh size, @entity1410 , @entity2080 , wound @entity281 , obstruction, ileus, recurrence and @entity158 . Qualitative analysis of the variables was carried out. RESULTS: @entity2080 (5.45%) and post operative @entity158 (2.75%) are the two common complications associated with this procedure. Recurrence rate was found to be 3.67%. Overall complication rate was 19.24%, with two deaths reported. CONCLUSION: The results suggest laparoscopic repair of ventral and incisional @entity547 as an effective procedure. Faster recovery and shorter in @entity1 stay - makes it a feasible alternative to open repair.

title: Laparoscopic incisional and XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seromas', 'seroma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: The efficacy of antifibrinolytic therapy in the management of @entity360 has been investigated in a double-blind clinical trial. Two-hundred @entity1 were studied using @entity927 , a potent antifibrinolytic agent. Of these, 103 were in the treatment group and 97 in the control group. @entity1 were analysed to determine severity of initial @entity190 , transfusion requirements, together with the incidence of recurrent @entity548 , surgical intervention, and @entity204 . Final diagnosis as to the site of @entity548 was arrived at using endoscopy, barium studies, and the findings at operation and necropsy. The groups were well matched as regards severity of initial @entity548 , age, sex, aetiological diagnosis, and precipitating factors. A significant difference was observed in the requirement for surgical intervention to control continuing or recurrent @entity548 . Twenty-three of 97 in the control group and seven of 103 in the treatment group required surgery. There appeared to be a reduction in the transfusion rate after the first three days of hospitalization in the treatment group. There were no significant differences in mortality or in side-effects between the two groups.

title: @entity927 and XXXX --a double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Surgery is considered necessary to achieve a cure for @entity5 . Minimally invasive oesophageal resection is increasingly performed with the aim of reducing the number of complications compared with open surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate postoperative complications, mortality and long-term survival following hybrid oesophageal resection by laparoscopy and thoracotomy.MATERIAL AND METHOD @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent hybrid resection with curative intent at Oslo University Hospital Ullev  l from 1 November 2007 to 1 June 2013 were included (n  =  109). Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and survival figures were recorded.RESULTS Median age was 65 years, 79  % were @entity1 . Altogether 118 complications were recorded in 70 @entity1 (64.2  %). Distribution of complications was 1.8  % for stage I, 29.4  % for stage II, 22.1  % for stage III and 11.0  % for stage IV. @entity834 occurred in 4.6  %. There was no postoperative mortality. The proportion of R0 resections with microscopic radicality was 91  % (n  =  100). For the entire @entity1 population, the estimated 5-year survival rate was 48  % (95  % CI 36   -   60  %), for R0 resection 51  % (38   -   63  %) and for @entity7077 resection 0  %. Estimated median survival with R0-2, R0 and @entity7077 resection was 55, 55 and 10 months (0   -   28 months), respectively. R status and stage had a significant bearing on survival.INTERPRETATION There was a low percentage of serious complications, no mortality and few @entity834 after hybrid resection for @entity5 . The 5-year survival rate was good.

title: Resection for oesophageal XXXX and survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakages', 'Anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer - complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of a @entity18450 severity index (FGSI), developed to assign a numerical score describing the severity of FG, and evaluate factors in the survival of @entity1 with FG. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 51 @entity1 diagnosed with FG between 1994 and 2006. Data were collected on their medical history, which included vital signs (temperature, heart and respiratory rates) and metabolic variables ( @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1011 , @entity3157 levels, haematocrit, and white blood cell count). We computed a score relating to the severity of the disease at the time, and compared it to other features according to whether the @entity1 survived or died. The different prognostic factors were assessed by univariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney U and Kendall A-B tests. RESULTS: Of the evaluated 51 inpatients, eight died (16%) and 43 survived (84%). The median (range) age was 63 (17-85) years and the median time from the onset of the symptoms until the admission to the emergency room was 7.8 (1-60) days. The mean hospital stay was 33 (2-90) days and 17 @entity1 were admitted to the intensive-care unit for a mean of 4.5 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Body surfaces involved were the scrotum in five @entity1 (10%), the penis and scrotum in 11 (22%), the scrotum and perineum in 30 (59%) and the abdominal wall in five (10%). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution in those who survived or died (P = 0.131). The median age of 60 (17-81) years in the survivors was significantly lower than that of 73.5 (50-85) years in those who died (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference (P = 0.06) between the number of repeated debridements in the survivors (3.23) and those who died (5.25). The mean (range) FGSI score for survivors was 6.7 (0-14), vs 8.7 (6-13) for those who died (P = 0.12). The only laboratory variables associated with @entity204 were serum @entity3157 (P = 0.04) and serum @entity1372 (P = 0.02) levels. CONCLUSIONS: FG is an unpredictable disease process with wide variability in its presentation. In our experience, the FGSI gives no indication of the likelihood of survival, but the risk factors for predicting the severity of FG seem to be greater in older @entity1 and those with high @entity1372 and low @entity3157 levels.

title: Evaluation of a severity score to predict the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity18450 :: ('MESH:D018934', 'Disease') :: ["Fournier's gangrene"]

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity18450 :: (MESH:D018934,Disease) :: ['Fournier's gangrene']


abstract: The phylogenetic relationship of the now fully sequenced species @entity7012 and @entity13272 with respect to the @entity238 species complex has been a subject of controversy. All three possible groupings of the species have been reported in the past, though recent multi-gene studies suggest that @entity7012 and @entity13272 are sister species. Using the whole genomes of each of these species as well as the four other fully sequenced species in the subgenus Sophophora, we set out to investigate the placement of @entity7012 and @entity13272 in the @entity238 species group and to understand the cause of the past @entity1833 . Though we find that the phylogeny grouping @entity7012 and @entity13272 together is the best supported, we also find widespread @entity1833 in @entity377 and @entity535 substitutions, insertions and deletions, and gene trees. The time inferred to span the two key speciation events is short enough that under the coalescent model, the @entity1833 could be the result of incomplete lineage sorting. Consistent with the lineage-sorting hypothesis, substitutions supporting the same tree were spatially clustered. Support for the different trees was found to be linked to recombination such that adjacent genes support the same tree most often in regions of low recombination and substitutions supporting the same tree are most enriched roughly on the same scale as linkage disequilibrium, also consistent with lineage sorting. The @entity1833 was found to be statistically significant and robust to model and species choice. No systematic biases were found. We conclude that phylogenetic @entity1833 in the @entity238 species complex is the result, at least in part, of incomplete lineage sorting. Incomplete lineage sorting will likely cause phylogenetic @entity1833 in many comparative genomics datasets. Methods to infer the correct species tree, the history of every base in the genome, and comparative methods that control for and/or utilize this information will be valuable advancements for the field of comparative genomics.

title: Widespread discordance of gene trees with species tree in XXXX : evidence for incomplete lineage sorting.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['incongruence']

entities_list: @entity7012 :: ('7220', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila erecta', 'D. erecta']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central sensitization is an important mechanism of @entity9 ; its @entity1 models could be useful for early detection of efficacy of novel treatments. The @entity1931 model invokes central sensitization by repetitive stimulation of the skin. To assess its predictive value, we have investigated @entity4481 , a standard @entity9 treatment, and aprepitant, an NK(1) antagonist, as an example of a drug class active in animal models but not in @entity9 @entity1 . Furthermore, we explored if combinations of either of these drugs with the @entity2247 inhibitor @entity14340 could improve its efficacy. METHODS: This was a double-blind, two-period, placebo-controlled study using incomplete block design. Thirty-two healthy volunteers received either oral @entity4481 (titrated to 300 mg) or aprepitant (titrated to 320 mg), or matching placebo over 6 days before testing. Sensitization was assessed over 3 h; at 2 h, subjects received either @entity14340 (40 mg) or saline i.v. RESULTS: @entity4481 significantly reduced the areas of punctate mechanical @entity1931 and dynamic touch allodynia vs placebo (both P < 0.0001); no significant reduction in the area of @entity1931 or allodynia vs placebo was observed with aprepitant. In the @entity4481 + @entity14340 treated group, the area of allodynia was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) and the area of @entity1931 insignificantly attenuated (P = 0.09) vs placebo + @entity14340 ; no efficacy improvement was observed with @entity15062 + @entity14340 . CONCLUSIONS: The model can serve to predict analgesic efficacy in early @entity1 development and investigate the mechanism of action. The model could also be used to explore efficacy of analgesic combinations to provide a rationale for @entity1 studies.

title: Effects of oral @entity4481 and aprepitant on pain and central sensitization in the @entity1931 model in XXXX volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['electrical hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity15062 :: ('MESH:C114556', 'Chemical') :: ['aprepitant']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: High-calorie food leads to @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) through dysregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. DNA methylation represents one of the mechanisms that contributes to dysregulation of gene expression via interaction with environmental factors. @entity7652 @entity1560 in db/db and ob/ob @entity19 . Here, we investigated whether DNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1561 induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and whether @entity7652 improves @entity1561 through influencing the methylation status of promoters of key genes. HFD markedly decreased the mRNA levels encoding @entity25676 , @entity25677 , and @entity3244 in the liver. In parallel, DNA methylation levels in the @entity25677 promoter of @entity35 with @entity1561 were elevated in the liver. Interestingly, @entity7652 reversed the downregulated expression of these genes and selectively inhibited HFD-induced increase in the methylation of @entity25677 . Consistently, @entity7652 increased hepatic @entity412 (TG) export and ameliorated HFD-induced @entity1560 . Furthermore, a close negative correlation was observed between the @entity25677 expression and its DNA methylation (at sites -113 and -20). These data indicate that DNA methylation of the @entity25677 promoter likely contributes to its downregulation during HFD-induced @entity1561 and, further, that @entity7652 can partially counteract the HFD-elicited dysregulation of @entity25677 by reversing the methylation state of its promoter, leading to reduced hepatic fat content.

title: @entity7652 reduces methylation of the XXXX promoter and alleviates @entity1560 induced by a high-fat diet in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver', 'can alleviate fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity25677 :: (310900(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MTTP']


abstract: @entity4383 growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor are mitogens for @entity1573 growth plate chondrocytes. TGF-beta stimulated a 3.5-fold increase, and @entity10549 a 13.5-fold increase in the rate of @entity1014 incorporation after a 24 h exposure. TGF-beta and @entity10549 were synergistic in chondrocytes, causing a 73-fold stimulation in @entity1014 incorporation compared with control. This synergistic response was not dependent upon the simultaneous presence of both mitogens. Sequential exposure of chondrocytes to TGF-beta and @entity10549 in either order reproduced in large part the synergistic interaction observed when both growth factors were present simultaneously. The time required for induction of the subsequent synergistic response was brief and, in the case of TGF-beta, corresponded to the time required for [125I]TGF-beta receptor binding. EGF and PDGF were not mitogenic for chondrocytes, and neither of these factors enhanced the response of the cells to either TGF-beta or @entity10549 . Finally, TGF-beta and @entity10549 did not, either alone or in combination, elevate intracellular @entity268 levels. These results emphasize the importance of examining growth factor effects in the context of other growth regulators. Furthermore, this specific and dramatic synergistic stimulation of @entity1014 incorporation may provide a useful tool in elucidating the mitogenic mechanism of the individual growth factors.

title: Synergistic effect of transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor on DNA synthesis in XXXX growth plate chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on radiotherapy for @entity808 ( @entity808 ) and comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) are limited. OBJECTIVE: We present a large retrospective review of our institutional experience treating @entity808 with SRS and FSRT. We also describe a flare phenomenon experienced by some @entity1 . METHODS: The records of 23 consecutive @entity808 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy between 1996 and 2011 were reviewed. We investigated radiographic response, @entity5 control, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 underwent SRS and 13 underwent FSRT, with median clinical follow-up of 32 months (range, 3-120 months). Tumor control at 5 and 10 years was 94% overall. Symptom control at 5 years was achieved in 48% of all @entity1 , with nonsignificant improvement in more @entity1 in the FSRT group than those in the SRS group (56% vs 40%, P = .37). Acute @entity137 was higher in the FSRT group (38.5 vs 0%, P < .01), although lesions treated with FSRT were larger (mean, 9.5 mL vs 4.8 mL, P < .01). A symptomatic flare phenomenon occurred in 2 @entity1 (8.7% overall) during FSRT, involving transient cystic formation and dramatic size increase. One lesion regressed in size and 1 remained stable on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tumor control rates for @entity808 are excellent with SRS and FSRT with minimal @entity137 . This represents the first documented report of a flare phenomenon after FSRT for @entity1950 treatment. Flare risk after FSRT in previously resected large lesions should be discussed with @entity1 before treatment, and prophylactic oral @entity230 may be considered.

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['TSs', 'trigeminal schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['trigeminal schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is a @entity5 with high incidence and mortality. OBJECTIVE: our aim was to describe the natural history of a @entity1 cohort with @entity157 , and to identify the factors associated with survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: a retrospective and descriptive study of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 between 1995 and 2002. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Quantitative variables were expressed as medians and standard deviations. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank. RESULTS: a total of 154 @entity1 were analyzed. The @entity1 -to- @entity1 ratio was 2.9/1. Mean age was 68 +/- 9 years. 82% of @entity1 died during a median follow-up of 28 months. Median survival was 21.5 months (95% CI: 16.98-26.04). Curative treatment was done in 40.3% of diagnosed @entity1 , and 59.7% of @entity1 received palliative treatment. Factors associated with survival were: @entity843 , number of lesions at diagnosis, and curative treatment. No statistical differences were found for the next factors: age, sex, etiology of @entity82 , and @entity1 -Pugh stage at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: factors associated with low survival in @entity1 with @entity157 were @entity843 and number of lesions. Curative treatment is associated with a higher survival when compared to palliative treatment.

title: [Natural history of XXXX in a cohort of pacients from a county hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The B16/C3 @entity19 @entity320 cell line produces @entity3034 , @entity2661 and melanin in tissue culture. Growth and development of these cells after transplantation into the @entity35 and @entity19 brain were studied by immunocytochemical and histological techniques. The implanted cells were localized by prelabelling the cell nuclei with @entity2455 , a fluorescent marker which binds to DNA. Following transplantation into @entity35 , B16/C3 @entity320 cells were found to survive for at least 4-6 weeks. These cells initially expressed tyrosinase and @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity and in some cases contained @entity2661 . After 3 weeks, the cytoplasm of the transplanted cells began to accumulate melanin; @entity2661 and tyrosinase immunoreactivity were no longer detected. Ultimately the cells became round in shape and densely pigmented. Growth of the @entity5 in the @entity35 was restricted and the implant was encapsulated within a @entity66 . There was evidence of an immune reaction to the @entity5 in that cells with Ia antigen immunoreactivity were present surrounding the graft. The @entity35 hosts were not adversely affected by the presence of the @entity5 , nor did the @entity5 cell grafts alter rotational behavior consequent to unilateral substantia nigra lesions. In @entity19 hosts, however, the @entity320 grew rapidly, was not encapsulated by glia and led to death of all animals. These data suggest that the @entity5 was not rapidly destroyed in @entity35 , even though its growth was controlled through immunological mechanisms. Both trophic and immunological mechanisms may therefore be involved in the regulation of survival and differentiation of intracerebral grafts of @entity5 cells.

title: Transplantation of B16/C3 @entity320 cells into the brains of XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial sheath']

entities_list: @entity2455 :: ('MESH:D006690', 'Chemical') :: ['bisbenzimide']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']