abstract: BACKGROUND: The histology and function of the kidney deteriorates with age and progressive @entity177 , but the mechanisms involved in renal ageing are not known. In vitro studies suggest that telomere @entity3207 is important in replicative senescence, and is accelerated by stress factors that increase replication. We investigated whether @entity8 , a @entity740 , is associated with localized intrarenal cellular ageing. METHODS: We studied the mean length of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ), a measure of average telomere size, in the DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urinary sediment of 15 @entity1 with @entity8 . RESULTS: The mean @entity1949 lengths in peripheral blood is 7043.8 +/- 1 182.8 base pairs, and in urinary sediment is 6 749.7 +/- 636.5 base pairs. The mean @entity1949 lengths of urinary DNA significantly correlate with the serum @entity1011 (r = -0.525, p = 0.044) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = 0.651, p = 0.009). The mean @entity1949 lengths of urinary DNA had an insignificant inverse correlation with @entity1 age (r = -0.364, p = 0.2), and do not correlate with the degree of @entity631 (r = 0.004, p = 0.9) or tubulointerstitial scarring in renal biopsy (r =-0.032, p = 0.9). After 30 months of follow-up, the rate of decline of estimated GFR has an inverse correlation with the mean @entity1949 lengths of urinary DNA (r = -0.699, p = 0.004). The @entity1949 lengths of peripheral blood DNA do not correlate with any clinical or histological parameter or the rate of renal function decline. CONCLUSIONS: Although this is a pilot study, our observation indicates that the @entity1949 lengths of genomic DNA extracted from urinary sediment is related to the degree of @entity8 . However, a long telomere length of genomic DNA in urinary sediment is associated with a more rapid decline of renal function. Our findings might be relevant to the pathogenesis of progressive @entity177 .

title: XXXX in @entity8 by the measurement of DNA in urinary sediment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['TRF', 'terminal restriction fragments']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['prototype chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Chromosomal telomere shortening of kidney cells']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of managing the comminuted @entity174 of @entity1171 is to restore length, rotation and alignment which might be more challenging with extensive comminution around the area of the distal tip. The common osteosynthesis techniques such as the one-third tubular plate, @entity2701 band wiring, K-wires, screws, or intramedullary nail may be insufficient in cases with a comminuted @entity1171 . The anatomical hook plate is an alternative implant in such cases. We present our results of the comminuted lateral @entity174 (Weber A, B), managed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with an anatomical hook plate of @entity1171 (K  nigsee Implant Company, Germany). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 20 @entity1 of comminuted @entity174 of distal @entity1171 between 2008 and 2010. There were 12 males and 8 females, right side was involved in 18 @entity1 and left in 2. The mean age was 51.9 years (range 18-75 years). The @entity174 were categorized by Denis-Weber classification type A (n=1), B1 (n=1), B2 (n=13) and B3 (n=5). Nineteen cases were of closed @entity130 (Gustilo Anderson type II). These @entity1 underwent ORIF with a @entity1171 anatomical hook plate. Followup including radiographs and clinical examinations were performed. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot scores were documented at followups. RESULTS: The mean followup was 21.4 months (range 16-27 months). The average AOFAS score was 94.3 (range 78-100) points. A stable anatomic reduction and bony union were obtained in all the cases. The average time was 3.1 months (range 2.5-4 months). Four cases had complications like @entity571 , hardware impingement and @entity2737 . CONCLUSION: A reasonably good stability can be obtained in distal most comminuted @entity174 of @entity1171 with a @entity1171 anatomical hook plate. We believe this method to be a reasonable treatment option for a distal lateral comminuted @entity174 when other common fixations are insufficient to fix the fragments.

title: Lateral malleolus hook plate for comminuted Weber A and B XXXX : A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malleolar fracture', 'fracture', 'malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and one of open injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The success of myoblast transplantation in clinical trials has been limited in part by the low dispersion of grafted cells outside the injection site. Our research group previously reported that the culture of myoblasts with concanavalin A, a stimulator of metalloproteinase production, increased their migration. Several lines of evidence also suggested that muscle cell fusion involves metalloproteinase-sensitive mechanisms. To determine whether the increased expression of metalloproteinases had an influence on myoblast fusion and dispersion through the muscle following transplantation, we generated a myoblast cell line expressing @entity1 matrilysin ( @entity1917 ). The @entity1917 -expressing myoblasts were obtained by the stable transfection of a matrilysin expression vector in a TnILacZ immortomouse myoblast clone. Matrilysin-expressing myoblasts showed a highly increased in vitro fusion index, forming seven times (p < 0.001) more myotubes than the control cell line and three times (p < 0.001) more myotubes than the Immortomyoblast parental clone. Single-site transplantation of matrilysin-expressing myoblasts generated more fibers (p < 0.001), over a greater surface (p < 0.001) than the control cell line. The cotransplantation of matrilysin-expressing myoblasts and of normal @entity1 myoblasts in @entity915 @entity19 increased the number of @entity1 @entity8249 by sixfold. Although no significant increased migration of myoblasts outside the injection sites was observed, our results show that the metalloproteinase activity can improve the myogenic potential of myoblasts in vitro and the fusion of myoblasts with host fibers in vivo. @entity1917 expression may be useful in increasing myoblast transplantation success.

title: Increased myogenic potential and fusion of matrilysin-expressing myoblasts transplanted in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophin-positive fibers and myotubes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are conflicting data on using the Cockroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula to assess graft function in kidney transplants. This study uses a cohort of Jordanian kidney transplant @entity1 to assess performance of the Cockroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in @entity8 equations by using the criterion standard of measured @entity1011 clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1011 clearance measured by 24-hour urine @entity1011 in @entity1 with a kidney transplant was compared with the estimated clearance using the Cockroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in @entity8 equations. Correlation, limits of agreement, and concordance analyses were used. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between both the Cockcroft-Gault (r=0.878; P < .001) and the Modification of Diet in @entity8 (r=0.732; P < .001) equations with @entity1011 clearance. The former was statistically superior (P = .0416). Using Bland-Altman plots, the limits of agreement were wide for both methods. After log transformation, the limits of agreement were -0.06 to +0.27 for the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and -0.21 to + 0.26 for the Modification of Diet in @entity8 . Concordance analyses showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7384 (95% CI: 0.6134 to 0.8273) when the Cockcroft-Gault formula was used, and 0.7257 (95% CI: 0.5622 to 0.8345) for the Modification of Diet in @entity8 . Pearson P coefficient (precision) and bias correction factor Cb (accuracy) for the Cockcroft-Gault formula and for the Modification of Diet in @entity8 were 0.8762, 0.8427, 0.7324, and 0.9908. CONCLUSIONS: In Jordanian @entity1 with a renal transplant, although the Cockcroft-Gault formula performed slightly better than the Modification of Diet in @entity8 equation in estimating @entity1011 clearance, neither of these equations can accurately predict renal graft function.

title: Comparison of XXXX clearance estimates with routine measured clearance in adult Jordanians with a kidney transplant.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine', 'Creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Application of @entity1242 ( @entity1242 ) ointment with perianal administration is a widely used treatment for chronic anal fissure. However, @entity10 occurs after application in 20% to 70% @entity1 and leads to withdrawal in 10% of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether endoanal application of the ointment may lower the frequency of @entity10 without sacrificing effectiveness. compare the effects of perianal versus endoanal administration of @entity1242 ointment on frequency of @entity10 and rate of healing in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. DESIGN: This was a prospective randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01132391). SETTINGS AND @entity1 : Study @entity1 were consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of chronic anal fissure treated at a university teaching hospital in Elche, Alicante, Spain. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive perianal (n = 26) or endoanal (n = 26) administration of 0.4% @entity1242 ointment (375 mg of ointment containing 1.5 mg of @entity1242 ), applied every 12 hours over an 8-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint of the study was the number of @entity1 with @entity10 within 3 hours after application of the ointment, analyzed with the intention-to-treat principle. Intensity of @entity158 was rated on a 10-point visual analog scale. Secondary endpoints included frequencies of fissure healing, @entity158 , @entity548 , @entity111 , and @entity322 . RESULTS: @entity10 were reported in 14 (54%) @entity1 with perianal treatment and in 6 @entity1 (23%) with anorectal treatment (p = 0.003). The median @entity158 score was 6 (range, 0-10) in the perianal group and 4.5 (range, 0-10) in the endoanal group (p = 0.03). Disabling @entity10 led to crossover from perianal to endoanal treatment in 4 @entity1 (15%), and from endoanal to perianal treatment in 1 @entity1 (4%) (p = 0.004). Of the 4 @entity1 who switched from perianal to endoanal treatment, 2 reported improvement in @entity10 and 2 stopped treatment. The @entity1 who switched from endoanal to perianal treatment also showed no improvement and stopped treatment. The healing rate at 24-week follow-up was 62% (16 @entity1 ) with perianal treatment and 77% (20 @entity1 ) with endoanal treatment (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: Effects on sphincter pressure were not evaluated because manometric measurements were not available. CONCLUSIONS: Endoanal application significantly reduces the frequency of @entity10 due to treatment with 0.4% @entity1242 ointment and results in a higher healing rate compared with perianal administration. However, roughly 1 in 4 @entity1 still experiences @entity10 . Our data suggest that endoanal application may be a better option for treatment of anal fissure with @entity1242 ointment.

title: Perianal versus endoanal application of @entity1242 0.4% ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized controlled trial. Is this the solution to the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin', 'glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['headache pain', 'anorectal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headaches', 'headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: CONTEXT: Known polymorphisms of DNA repair genes can be associated with the risk of many types of @entity5 . There is no consensus regarding association between @entity20319 and @entity9552 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to collect relevant published studies systematically. DATA SOURCES: Sixty-two publications were identified through searching PubMed, PubMed Central, ISI web of knowledge, and reference list of related articles. STUDY SELECTION: We performed a systematic review according MOOSE guideline criteria. All longitudinal cohort and case-control studies investigating association of any type and grade of @entity0 with @entity20319 and @entity9552 gene and their polymorphisms were eligible for initial inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors screened titles and abstracts and extracted all needed information from eligible studies. Four research methodological components causing bias for the association between gene polymorphisms and @entity0 risk, including source of controls sampling, population ethnicity, sample size of studies and menopausal status of cases and controls was used for assessment of quality of studies. RESULTS: A total of 14,793 @entity0 cases and 15,409 controls were included in assessment of @entity20319 @entity20320 . Four studies showed significant association and one study showed protective effect of @entity20319 @entity20320 and @entity0 . A total of 7,716 cases and 7,370 controls were included for @entity20319 @entity48541 . Only one study showed significant association of @entity20319 @entity48541 and @entity0 (OR = 1.82 (1.06 - 3.15). A total of 27,167 cases and 31,998 controls were included to estimate association between @entity20319 @entity20322 polymorphism and @entity0 . Seven studies showed significant association and one showed protective effect of @entity20319 @entity20322 and @entity0 . A total of 9,417 cases and 11,087 controls were included for @entity9552 @entity35385 . Among studies focused on @entity9552 @entity35385 , none showed significant association with @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Systematic search of major databases identify many studies addressing the relationship between @entity0 and susceptible alleles in the base excision repair genes and the fact that there are many variations in the magnitude of association depending on inheritance model and the population of the study.

title: @entity20319 and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity35385 :: ('p|SUB|S|326|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser326Cys']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity48541 :: ('p|SUB|R|280|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg280His']

entities_list: @entity20322 :: ('p|SUB|R|399|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg399Gln']

entities_list: @entity20320 :: ('p|SUB|R|194|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg194Trp']

answer: @entity9552 :: (4968,Gene) :: ['OGG1']


abstract: To determine the potential contribution of intermittent low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment (2-8 mg/week) to @entity260 , we studied 122 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who had 201 surgical procedures. The @entity1 with treatment with @entity1500 were allocated to two groups: those who continued @entity1500 (group A, 77 procedures) and those who discontinued @entity1500 more than 1 week (group B, 21 procedures). The @entity1 who had no treatment with @entity1500 were allocated to group C (103 procedures). The incidence of @entity86 , poor wound healing, and flare-up of @entity309 was compared between the three groups. @entity86 occurred in 3.9%, 4.8%, and 3.9% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Poor wound healing was experienced in 1.3%, 9.5%, and 7.8% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. At 4 weeks postoperatively, 3.9%, 14.3%, and 6.8% of flares were seen in groups A, B, and C, respectively. No significant difference was found in the @entity1 with or without perioperative use of @entity1500 . From these results, it is unlikely that continuation of intermittent low-dose @entity1500 treatment increases the risk of @entity260 in @entity1 with @entity309 . Continued treatment with @entity1500 during perioperative period could suppress disease flares, especially in severe @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Lack of XXXX with low-dose @entity1499 therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['increase in postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytologic screening is commonly used in follow-up of @entity1 with @entity5 to detect vaginal recurrence. The study objective was to assess the efficacy and costs associated with Pap tests in routine surveillance of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Medical records and pathology databases identified @entity1 with @entity5 at one institution from 1990 to 2002. @entity1 with their cytologic follow-up at our institution were selected for a subset analysis of Pap tests to estimate the number of @entity45575 and associated charges and costs during follow-up. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventeen @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 ; the mean age was 60.9 years and the median follow-up was 46 months. A total of 36 @entity1 had a recurrence in the vagina; 31 (86%) were apparent clinically, and only 5 (14%) were asymptomatic and identified by Pap test. @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 had decreased risk of vaginal recurrence, with an odds ratio of 0.186 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.712) on multivariate analysis (stage and histology were not significant factors for vaginal recurrence). A subset of 435 @entity1 received cytologic follow-up at our institution, with a median 3 Pap tests/ @entity1 (mean 4.25, range 1-24). Estimates based on our data demonstrate that 430 Pap tests are required to detect one asymptomatic vaginal recurrence, and the addition of the Pap test increases the cost of surveillance by  15,142 per asymptomatic recurrence detected (but a charge to insurance of  23,487). Pap tests identified an asymptomatic vaginal recurrence in only 0.7% of this @entity5 population. CONCLUSION: Pap tests after diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 infrequently detect asymptomatic vaginal recurrences and may not be cost-effective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Is cytologic screening an effective surveillance method for detection of vaginal recurrence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['uterine cancer']


abstract: Many procedures have been proposed for the management of sacrococcygeal @entity2869 . The aim of this work is to evaluate the superiorly based flap (used before for reconstruction of pressure sore) for reconstruction after excision of sacrococcygeal @entity2869 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and February 2007, 25 male @entity1 of ages between 14 and 29 years(median age: 23 years), who had recurrent @entity2869 , underwent surgical treatment by the Limberg flap technique. The mean duration of symptoms was 5.2 + or - 4.5 years (range 3-6 years). Rhombic-shaped excision of the sinus-bearing skin and subcutaneous tissue up to the presacral fascia guided by electrocautery was performed, followed by reconstruction of the defect by perforator-based Limberg flap (based on the superior gluteal and sacral perforators). RESULTS: Primary healing occurred in 22 @entity1 . Two @entity1 (8%) had @entity2080 with negative bacterial cultures, which healed completely with bedside drainage and conservative treatment. Another @entity1 (4%) had superficial wound infection that were treated by appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Complete healing of all cases occurred without recurrence during the follow-up period. The mean operative time was 40min (ranging between 30 and 45min according to the size of the lesion). There was no ischaemia or @entity39 of the flaps, and all flaps remained viable. The mean length of hospital stay was 2 days, ranging between 1 and 6 days. CONCLUSION: The use of superiorly based Limberg flap in reconstruction after excision of sacrococcygeal @entity2869 is reliable, easily performed, associated with complete cure and @entity260 .

title: Reconstruction following excision of sacrococcygeal XXXX with a perforator-based fasciocutaneous Limberg flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['low postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Enterocutaneous @entity292 (ECF), enteroatmospheric @entity292 (EAF), and intra- @entity1661 /abscess (IAS) are major challenges for surgeons caring for @entity1 undergoing damage control laparotomy after @entity130 . OBJECTIVE: To determine independent predictors of ECF, EAF, or IAS in @entity1 undergoing damage control laparotomy after @entity130 , using the AAST Open Abdomen Registry. DESIGN: The AAST Open Abdomen registry of @entity1 with an open abdomen following damage control laparotomy was used to identify @entity1 who developed ECF, EAF, or IAS and to compare these @entity1 with those without these complications. Univariate analyses were performed to compare these groups of @entity1 . Variables from univariate analyses differing at P   <   .20 were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors for ECF, EAF, or IAS. SETTING: Fourteen level I @entity130 centers. @entity1 : A total of 517 @entity1 with an open abdomen following damage control laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Complication of ECF, EAF, or IAS. RESULTS: More @entity1 in the ECF/EAF/IAS group than in the group without these complications underwent bowel resection (63 of 111 @entity1 [57%] vs 133 of 406 @entity1 [33%]; P   <   .001). Within the first 48 hours after surgery, the ECF/EAF/IAS group received more colloids (P   <   .03) and total fluids (P   <   .03) than did the group without these complications. The ECF/EAF/IAS group underwent almost twice as many abdominal reexplorations as did the group without these complications (mean [SD] number, 4.1 [4.1] vs 2.2 [3.4]; P   <   .001). After multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of ECF/EAF/IAS were a large bowel resection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.56 [95% CI, 1.88-6.76]; P   <   .001), a total fluid intake at 48 hours of between 5 and 10 L (AOR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.15-3.88]; P   =   .02) or more than 10 L (AOR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.04-3.57]; P   =   .04), and an increasing number of reexplorations (AOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.06-1.21]; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Large bowel resection, large-volume fluid resuscitation, and an increasing number of abdominal reexplorations were statistically significant predictors of ECF, EAF, or IAS in @entity1 with an open abdomen after damage control laparotomy.

title: Independent predictors of enteric @entity292 and XXXX after damage control laparotomy: results from the prospective AAST Open Abdomen registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal sepsis']


abstract: An observed case of @entity1822 of the stomach in a 67 year old @entity1 leads to an analysis of the diagnostic, clinical and therapeutical aspects of this @entity5 in the digestive tract representing 50-60% of cases. Symptoms are aspecific and @entity356 is the most common sign (50%). @entity1822 always presents considerable problems of diagnosis and represents the most important among the various examined diagnostic investigations but it is maintained that surgery many times plays a primary role in the diagnosis of this @entity5 . The accuracy of gastrofiberoscopic biopsy is limited by frequent false-negative cases. False negative cases are obtained because the @entity5 tissues are usually covered by gastric mucosa and so the biopsy with standard forceps is too small and too superficial. The ultrasonographic finding of a @entity356 is variegated, in fact it can be hyperechoic or hypoechoic. Frequently we can see echo-free spaces due to liquefactive @entity39 and in such a case, an echogenic rim is demonstrable. According to our experience ultrasonography is very important in post-operative follow-up. The TC study can be considered superior to the other diagnostic investigations, in fact with it, detailed characteristics and location of the @entity5 , invasivity, metastatic dissemination, are recognized. It is still controversial the criterium concerning the diagnosis of @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract. We believe that number of mitoses (having five or more mitotic figures x 10 high-power fields), cellularity, pleomorphism, atypicality, together with macroscopic aspects (size, @entity548 , @entity1066 , @entity39 , invasivity) are the most reliable indicators of @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX . Clinico-diagnostic considerations and therapeutic criteria].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myoid tumour', 'malignant smooth muscle tumour', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyosarcoma', 'gastric bleeding']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Stomach leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: The purpose of this overview is to estimate more precisely the long-term effect of mammography screening by adding four more years of follow-up to @entity1 aged 40-49 years in the four Swedish trials on mammography screening. Data from the four, trials were merged and linked to the Swedish @entity5 and Cause of Death Register for 1958-1993 and 1951-1993 respectively to identify date of @entity0 diagnosis and cause and date of @entity204 . The invited and control groups comprised 48,569 and 40,247 @entity1 respectively. At the December 1993 follow-up, 602 and 482 @entity0 cases were identified in the two groups respectively, of which 104 and 111 had @entity0 as the underlying cause of @entity204 . This corresponds to a relative risk (RR) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-1.01) for the two groups. In the 40-44 age group at randomization, 94% of @entity0 @entity1 in the study and 89% in the control group were diagnosed before the age of 50; however, among @entity0 deaths in this age group, only two in the invited and five in the control group died after age 50. At follow-up of @entity1 40-44 years at randomization 208 @entity1 in the invited and 184 in the control group were reported to the @entity5 registry with @entity0 . Out of these 195 (94%) and 163 (89%) respectively were reported before the age of 50. Further, the relative risk for the age group 40-44 years at randomization by age at follow-up was 1.11, 0.51 and 0.46 for the age groups 45-49, 50-54, and 55-59 at follow-up. This study shows a 23% reduction in the @entity0 mortality in @entity1 40-49 years at randomization achieved from a median trial time of 7.0 years, a median follow-up time of 12.8 years, and a screening interval of 18-24 months. Almost all of the effect in the 40-44 year age group at randomization was due to screening before the age of 50.

title: Updated overview of the Swedish Randomized Trials on Breast XXXX Screening with Mammography: age group 40-49 at randomization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Division of labor is a distinguishing characteristic of eusocial insects. To understand the proximate factors underlying caste determination, it is essential to clarify the developmental mechanisms during the differentiation of each caste. Termite soldiers have species-specific and diverse morphologies that are specialized for colony defense. Soldiers of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae (Termitidae), one of the most derived termite groups, possess a long, horn-like frontal projection (nasus), an @entity2383 in the head (frontal gland), and regressed mandibles. These morphological changes occur prior to the molt into presoldiers (the preceding stage of soldiers). In @entity238 and other insects, @entity17809 genes determine segment identities; thus they might be involved in such body-part-specific modifications during soldier differentiation. Deformed ( @entity31162 ) functions not only in the formation of the mandible and maxilla but also in other head parts (e.g., @entity735 ) in other insects. In this study, we examined @entity31162 functions in nasus/frontal gland formation and mandibular regression in Nasutitermes takasagoensis. Relative expression analyses showed that @entity31162 expression levels in the mouthparts were significantly higher than those in any other body parts of workers before presoldier molt. @entity31162 RNA interference resulted in the inhibition of mandibular regression during presoldier differentiation, but nasus and frontal gland formation were not affected. These results suggest that @entity31162 is involved in the determination of mandibular positional information and specific modification during presoldier differentiation in N. takasagoensis. This is the first work to show the effects of @entity17809 genes on caste-specific morphogenesis in social insects.

title: XXXX Gene Deformed is likely involved in mandibular regression during presoldier differentiation in the nasute termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye-antennal disc']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['invaginated glandular structure']

answer: @entity17809 :: (42536(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Hox']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endovascular aortoiliac @entity439 (EAIA) repair uses substantial fluoroscopic guidance that requires considerable radiation exposure. Doses were determined for a team of three vascular surgeons performing 47 consecutive EAIA repairs over a 1-year period to determine whether this exposure constitutes a radiation hazard. METHODS: Twenty-nine surgeon-made aortounifemoral devices and 18 bifurcated devices were used. Three surgeons wore dosimeters (1) on the waist, under a lead apron; (2) on the waist, outside a lead apron; (3) on the collar; and (4) on the left ring finger. Dosimeters were also placed around the operating table and room to evaluate the @entity1 , other personnel, and ambient doses. Exposures were compared with standards of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). RESULTS: Total fluoroscopy time was 30.9 hours (1852 minutes; mean, 39.4 minutes per case). Yearly total effective body doses for all surgeons (under lead) were below the 20 @entity2073 /y occupational exposure limit of the ICRP. Outside lead doses for two surgeons approximated recommended limits. Lead aprons attenuated 85% to 91% of the dose. Ring doses and calculated eye doses were within the ICRP exposure limits. @entity1 skin doses averaged 360 @entity2073 per case (range, 120-860 @entity2073 ). The ambient (> 3 m from the source) operating room dose was 1.06 @entity2073 /y. CONCLUSIONS: Although the total effective body doses under lead fell within established ICRP occupational exposure limits, they are not negligible. Because radiation exposure is cumulative and endovascular procedures are becoming more common, individuals performing these procedures must carefully monitor their exposure. Our results indicate that a team of surgeons can perform 386 hours of fluoroscopy per year or 587 EAIA repairs per year and remain within occupational exposure limits. Individuals who perform these procedures should actively monitor their effective doses and educate personnel in methods for reducing exposure.

title: Does the endovascular repair of XXXX pose a radiation safety hazard to vascular surgeons?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) after pediatric liver transplantation has been associated with high mortality rates. METHODS: The present study examined 282 consecutive pediatric liver transplant recipients from October 1989 to June 1996 who received primary @entity1140 immunosuppression. The aim was to determine the incidence of @entity1071 , management strategies, and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1071 was 13% (361282) with a mean age of 5.5+/-0.7 years (range 0.6 to 15) at diagnosis. The average time from transplantation to @entity1071 was 10.1+/-2.1 months. Initial treatment of @entity1071 consisted of reduction (3 @entity1 ) or discontinuation (33 @entity1 ) of @entity1140 and initiation of antiviral therapy (intravenous @entity4540 , 14 @entity1 ; intravenous @entity1033 , 22 @entity1 ; or both, 5 @entity1 ). Alpha-interferon was used in four @entity1 (two successfully). One @entity1 also received gamma-interferon, chemotherapy, and radiation for a @entity6220 . Chemotherapy was also used in one @entity1 with Burkitt's, whereas one @entity1 with a @entity358 received additional radiation therapy. Three @entity1 received supportive surgery for gastrointestinal involvement, and one @entity1 had a splenectomy for @entity2142 . Overall mortality was 22% (8/36) with 5 (14%) @entity1071 -related @entity204 (disseminated disease, 4 @entity1 ; bowel perforation, 1 @entity1 ). Of 31 survivors, 23 had acute rejection at a median time of 24 days after @entity1071 , with 2 @entity1 developing chronic rejection. One @entity1 required retransplantation. Present immunosuppression consists of @entity1140 monotherapy in 14 @entity1 , @entity1140 / @entity229 in 8 @entity1 , and none in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In summary, @entity1071 can be successfully treated with reduction of immunosuppression and administration of antiviral agents in most @entity1 . The management of rejection after @entity1071 requires reassessment of disease status and judicious reintroduction of immunosuppression therapy.

title: Management of posttransplant @entity1071 in pediatric liver transplant recipients receiving primary XXXX ( @entity1140 ) therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lesion']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease', 'PTLD']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used in adult stem cell-based gene therapy for @entity455 . To test the hypothesis that MSCs alone or endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS)-modified MSCs can be used for treatment of @entity323 ( @entity323 ), syngeneic @entity35 MSCs (rMSCs) were isolated, ex vivo expanded, transduced with adenovirus containing eNOS, and injected into the penis of aged @entity35 . Histological analysis demonstrated that rMSCs survived for at least 21 days in corporal tissue after intracavernous injection, and an inflammatory response was not induced. Intracavernous administration of eNOS-modified rMSCs improved the erectile response in aged @entity35 at 7 and 21 days after injection. The increase in erectile function was associated with increased eNOS protein, NOS activity, and @entity6708 levels. rMSCs alone increased erectile function of aged @entity35 at day 21, but not at day 7, with the transplanted cells exhibiting positive immunostaining for several endothelial and smooth muscle cell markers. This change in rMSC phenotype was accompanied by upregulation of penile eNOS protein expression/activity and elevated @entity6708 levels. These findings demonstrate that an adenovirus can be used to transduce ex vivo expanded rMSCs to express eNOS and that eNOS-modified rMSCs improve erectile function in the aged @entity35 . Intracavernous injection of unmodified wildtype rMSCs improved erectile function 21 days after injection through mechanisms involving improved endothelium-derived NO/ @entity6708 signaling and rMSC differentiation into penile cells expressing endothelial and smooth muscle markers. These data highlight the potential clinical use of adult stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of @entity323 .

title: Mesenchymal stem cells alone or ex vivo gene modified with endothelial @entity842 synthase reverse age-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Macedonia is an endemic region of @entity291 as well as of @entity742 and @entity1237 @entity743 In @entity291 , Theileria orientalis (=T. buffeli?), the agent of Eurasian benign @entity12110 , is the most common and widespread piroplasm species. @entity7546 , the agent of @entity12110 , seems to be rare and limited to few foci, but causes very severe clinical cases, especially in imported pure-bred or cross-bred animals. @entity14097 and B. bigemina are present in several localities, and often coexist. @entity291 @entity743 cases are due to both piroplasms, but @entity14097 is considered responsible for the severe and acute clinical cases. Ovine and caprine @entity743 is due to @entity744 and mainly affected imported animals as well as indigenous animals which have been transported from localities where the infection was absent. @entity744 is extremely widespread in both @entity742 and @entity1237 . During the last decades, no clinical cases of small ruminant @entity12110 have been registered in this region. However, T. @entity744 , a non-pathogenic theileria, is common in @entity742 , but not in @entity1237 . Anaplasma @entity744 , a protobacterium of small ruminants, is also present in the region.

title: @entity291 and small ruminant XXXX in Macedonia, Greece.

entities_list: @entity12110 :: ('MESH:D013801', 'Disease') :: ['tropical theileriosis', 'theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['piroplasmosis', 'babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity14097 :: ('5865', 'Species') :: ['Babesia bovis', 'B. bovis']

answer: @entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['piroplasmosis']


abstract: The role of angiotensin receptor subtypes 1 and 2 was assessed on @entity8233 formation after injury in @entity35 carotid artery. The effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by @entity4687 (3 mg.kg-1 x day-1 p.o.) and selective blockade of angiotensin subtype 1 receptors by @entity9886 (5 and 30 mg.kg-1 x day-1 p.o.) were compared on proliferative response to @entity130 . In @entity35 treated 6 days before and for 14 days after injury, @entity4687 significantly reduced (-76%, p < 0.01) myointimal @entity1373 . In contrast, @entity9886 at 5 mg.kg-1 x day-1 did not modify the hyperplastic response to balloon catheterization. Only at 30 mg.kg-1 x day-1 was @entity9886 able to reduce @entity8233 formation (-47%, p < 0.05). This dose was equipotent to @entity4687 on the renin-angiotensin system as assessed by the pressor response to @entity1808 and angiotensin I. Therefore, blockade of subtype 1 receptors was a less effective means of suppression of myointimal growth than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, suggesting that another angiotensin receptor subtype or converting enzyme substrates are involved in this process. For the determination of whether angiotensin subtype 2 receptors were implicated, the specific subtype 2 receptor antagonist @entity22179 (1 mg.kg-1 x day-1) was continuously infused perivascularly for 14 days in the vicinity of the injured carotid artery. @entity22179 was as effective in preventing @entity8233 formation as @entity4687 (-73%, p < 0.01, versus -76%, p < 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of angiotensin subtype 2 receptor in XXXX formation after vascular injury.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of lamellar resection and adjunctive 90Sr-beta plesiotherapy in the management of @entity235 limbal @entity320 and the frequency and morbidity of early and late-onset side effects following treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty @entity235 treated for limbal @entity320 at the Animal Health Trust (AHT), between 1992 and 2004. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed and information collected on the radiation dose administered, duration of follow-up, and the frequency of early- and late-onset ocular side effects. Follow-up information was obtained by re-examination of @entity1 or completion of a telephone interview with the referring veterinary surgeons or the owners. RESULTS: Recurrence of limbal @entity320 occurred in 1 of 30 cases (3%; 95% CI: 0.2-14%). One or more side effects occurred in 16 of 30 cases (53%; 95% CI: 28.1-74.9). The occurrence of side effects was not associated with the number of sites treated or the total surface dose of radiation. Short-term side effects were reported in 16/30 cases (53%) and included corneal scarring (12/30), @entity7499 (6/30), @entity2024 with or without granulation tissue formation (5/30), @entity2372 (1/30), and @entity2372 (2/30). Long-term side effects were reported in 6 of 30 cases (20%) cases and included @entity5692 (5/30), focal scleromalacia (3/30), globe perforation (2/30), @entity2372 (3/30), @entity2372 (1/30), and sectoral cortical @entity231 (1/30). CONCLUSIONS: Lamellar resection and adjunctive 90 @entity15346 plesiotherapy is relatively easy to perform, is minimally invasive, and extremely well tolerated by @entity1 . The treatment is highly efficacious in the management of @entity235 limbal @entity320 . Modification of the radiation dosimetry, in particular reducing the total dose of radiation and the dose per radiation fraction, is necessary to reduce the incidence of late onset side effects.

title: XXXX limbal @entity320 : 30 cases (1992-2004). Part 2. Treatment with lamellar resection and adjunctive strontium-90beta plesiotherapy--efficacy and morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['lipid keratopathy', 'localized bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['deep scleral thinning']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When total splenectomy is unavoidable it is important to preserve splenic function in some form in order to prevent the complications of asplenism. Splenic autotransplantation is a good alternative in such cases. We describe the use of splenic autotransplantation for the treatment of portal @entity101 . METHODS: We carried out total splenectomy on 31 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ), ranging in age from 21 to 68 years, with @entity101 . From each removed spleen, we took 20 fragments and implanted them on the greater omentum. This procedure was combined with abdominal portal-variceal disconnection. Transgastric running suture of the lower esophageal and gastric varices completed the treatment of portal @entity101 . All @entity1 underwent clinical, hematologic, immunologic and scintigraphic assessment. The results with respect to morbidity and mortality, and hematologic and immunologic findings were compared with those in 36 @entity1 submitted to other splenic procedures. RESULTS: There was no complication related to the splenic implants and none of the @entity1 died. Hematologic and immunologic findings were normal. Scintigraphy registered images of splenic tissue in all cases. CONCLUSION: The implantation of splenic fragments on the greater omentum seems to be a safe and useful procedure for maintaining splenic function after total splenectomy.

title: Splenic autotransplantation for treatment of portal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomal portal hypertension', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Introduction. Immunological factors seem to play a pivotal role in @entity11533 ( @entity11533 ). Among all, @entity8923 cytokine is overexpressed and drives the inflammatory process. Objective. We aimed to investigate the levels of @entity8923 in sera of Italian @entity1 with @entity11533 and to assess its possible role as a marker of disease activity. Methods. @entity8923 serum levels were determined by ELISA in 26 Italian @entity1 with @entity11533 . Disease activity was assessed using Pouchot's criteria. As controls, 21 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), 21 @entity1 with @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ), 20 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and 21 healthy subjects (normal @entity1 sera, NHS) were evaluated. Results. @entity8923 serum levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with active @entity11533 than in non-active (P = 0.001) and control groups ( @entity309 P = 0.0070, @entity10632 P = 0.0029, @entity1252 P = 0.0032, NHS P = 0.0004). A significant correlation between @entity8923 serum levels and disease activity (P < 0.0001), and laboratory parameters as ferritin (P = 0.0127) and @entity1851 (P = 0.0032) was demonstrated. Conclusions. Higher levels of @entity8923 are detected in active AODS @entity1 and correlate with disease activity and inflammatory laboratory features. ROC-AUC analysis of the serum concentration of @entity8923 suggests that it can be considered a diagnostic marker of @entity11533 . This paper supports the targeting of this cytokine as a possible therapeutic option in @entity11533 .

title: @entity8923 Serum Level in XXXX : A Marker of Disease Activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["Adult Onset Still's Disease", 'AOSD']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's Syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['Adult Onset Still's Disease']


abstract: Studies of drug-dependent @entity1 reveal high rates of adverse fetal effects of @entity2072 . However, no data are available on the effect of the chemical in social users who discontinue @entity2072 upon realizing they are pregnant. We report the results of the first phase of a prospective study examining the outcome of pregnancy in @entity1 seeking counseling from the Motherisk Program in Toronto. Of 25 @entity1 seen in our clinic for 1st trimester @entity2072 exposure, 92% reported use of less than 10 g of @entity2072 and 36% reported marijuana use. Other illicit drug use was rare; cigarette and @entity167 use was common. The study group did not experience adverse pregnancy outcome above the rate expected in the general population. There were 23 single births 1 pair of twins, and 1 spontaneous @entity5852 . Birth weight and gestation were within normal limits. Only 1 @entity1 had a major @entity600 , syndactyly. @entity1 development was within normal limits, as measured by developmental milestones. All @entity1 are scheduled for assessment using the Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development. The results of the BSID will be compared to results from a cannabis-exposed control group and a no-drug control group.

title: Pregnancy outcome following first trimester exposure to XXXX in social users in Toronto, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Infant', 'child']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of @entity1476 and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 )-2 in @entity5 cells of @entity1352 and its clinical significance. METHODS: Expression of @entity1476 and @entity1552 in @entity5 cells of 72 cases of @entity1352 was studied by immunohistochemistry. The profile was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, microvessel density (MVD) (analyzed by @entity2279 immunostaining) and survival rate. RESULTS: (1) There was a statistically significant negative correlation between expression of @entity1476 and @entity1552 (r = -0.290 and P = 0.013). (2) The proportion of high @entity1476 expression to low @entity1552 expression in @entity1 with @entity5 @entity3 was significantly higher than that in @entity1 without @entity3 (P = 0.010 and 0.002 respectively). (3) MVD of @entity1 with high @entity1476 expression was higher than that in the low @entity1476 expression group (P = 0.005). MVD of @entity1 with high @entity1552 expression was lower than that in the low @entity1552 expression group (P = 0.048). (4) Low @entity1552 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1352 , by univariate and multivariate survival analysis (P = 0.002 and 0.016 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of @entity1476 and @entity1552 correlates with metastatic potential and @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity1352 . Low @entity1552 expression often indicates poor prognosis and unfavorable clinical outcomes.

title: [Correlation between matrix metalloproteinases-2 and @entity2843 -2 expression, metastatic potential and XXXX angiogenesis in @entity1352 and its prognostic significance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: While much is known about the metrics and kinematics of gaze shifts to visual targets in @entity468 , little is known about gaze shifts to auditory targets. Here, @entity468 were trained to localize @entity227 via gaze shifts. Five properties of gaze shifts to sounds were observed. First, gaze shifts were accomplished primarily by @entity910 . Unlike primates, the head movement in @entity468 often preceded eye movement though the relative timing of eye in head and head latencies depended upon the target modality and gaze shift magnitude. Second, gaze shift latencies to auditory targets tended to be shorter than equivalent shifts to visual targets for some conditions. Third, the main sequences relating gaze amplitude to maximum gaze velocity for @entity227 were comparable. However, @entity227 were less consistent than gaze shifts and tended to undershoot the targets by 30  % for both modalities. Fourth, at the end of gaze movement, the proportion of the gaze shift accomplished by the eye-in-head movement was greater to @entity227 . On the other hand, at the end of head movement, the proportion of the gaze shift accomplished by the head was greater to auditory than visual targets. Finally, gaze shifts to long-duration auditory targets were accurate and precise and were similar to accuracy of gaze shifts to long-duration visual targets. Because the metrics of gaze shifts to @entity227 are nearly equivalent, as well as their accuracy, we conclude that both sensorimotor tasks use primarily the same neural substrates for the execution of movement.

title: Gaze shifts to auditory and visual stimuli in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['large head movements']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual than auditory targets', 'visual and auditory targets', 'auditory and visual targets', 'head movements to auditory and visual targets']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous trials suggesting that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) reduced mortality among adults with the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) were limited by the use of outdated comparator ventilation strategies and small sample sizes. METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial conducted at 39 intensive care units in five countries, we randomly assigned adults with new-onset, moderate-to-severe @entity649 to HFOV targeting lung recruitment or to a control ventilation strategy targeting lung recruitment with the use of low tidal volumes and high positive end-expiratory pressure. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital death from any cause. RESULTS: On the recommendation of the data monitoring committee, we stopped the trial after 548 of a planned 1200 @entity1 had undergone randomization. The two study groups were well matched at baseline. The HFOV group underwent HFOV for a median of 3 days (interquartile range, 2 to 8); in addition, 34 of 273 @entity1 (12%) in the control group received HFOV for refractory @entity519 . In-hospital mortality was 47% in the HFOV group, as compared with 35% in the control group (relative risk of death with HFOV, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.64; P=0.005). This finding was independent of baseline abnormalities in oxygenation or respiratory compliance. @entity1 in the HFOV group received higher doses of @entity1363 than did @entity1 in the control group (199 mg per day [interquartile range, 100 to 382] vs. 141 mg per day [interquartile range, 68 to 240], P<0.001), and more @entity1 in the HFOV group than in the control group received neuromuscular blockers (83% vs. 68%, P<0.001). In addition, more @entity1 in the HFOV group received vasoactive drugs (91% vs. 84%, P=0.01) and received them for a longer period than did @entity1 in the control group (5 days vs. 3 days, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with moderate-to-severe @entity649 , early application of HFOV, as compared with a ventilation strategy of low tidal volume and high positive end-expiratory pressure, does not reduce, and may increase, in-hospital mortality. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Current Controlled Trials numbers, ISRCTN42992782 and ISRCTN87124254, and ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00474656 and NCT01506401.).

title: High-frequency oscillation in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Familial @entity2969 (FTGCTs) are hypothesized to result from the combined interaction of multiple low-penetrance genes. We reported inactivating germline mutations of the @entity268 -binding phosphodiesterase 11A ( @entity31886 ) as modifiers of FTGCT risk. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single- @entity4334 polymorphisms in the @entity6826 gene, the ligand for the @entity2467 @entity4149 kinase receptor, as strong modifiers of susceptibility to both familial and sporadic @entity2969 . DESIGN: We studied 94 @entity1 with FTGCTs and 50 at-risk male relatives from 63 unrelated kindreds, in whom the @entity31886 gene had been sequenced by investigating the association between @entity6826 genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms @entity51461 and @entity51462 and FTGCT risk in these @entity1 and in 692 controls. We also examined @entity268 and @entity2467 signaling in testicular tissues and cell lines and extended the studies to 2 sporadic cases, one with a @entity31886 defect and one without, as a comparison. RESULTS: We found a higher frequency of the @entity6826 risk alleles in FTGCT @entity1 who also had a @entity31886 sequence variant, compared with those with a wild-type @entity31886 sequence. In NTERA-2 and Tcam-2 cells transfected with the mutated forms of @entity31886 ( @entity51463 , @entity51464 , @entity51465 , @entity51466 , @entity51467 , @entity51468 , and @entity51469 ), @entity268 levels were significantly higher, and the relative phosphodiesterase activity was lower than in the wild-type cells. @entity6826 expression was consistently increased in the presence of @entity31886 -inactivating defects, both at the RNA and protein levels, in familial @entity2969 . The 2 sporadic cases that were studied, one with a @entity31886 defect and another without, agreed with the data in FTGTCT and in the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with FTGCT and @entity31886 defects also carry @entity6826 risk alleles more frequently. There may be an interaction between @entity268 and @entity2467 signaling in predisposition to @entity2969 .

title: Cyclic AMP and XXXX signaling in familial testicular germ cell tumor predisposition.

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity51463 :: ('p|SUB|R|52|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R52T']

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['c-KIT']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with infiltrating @entity189 were treated prospectively for cure between 1986 and 1992 with transoral laser resection of the primary. Nine primaries were classified as T1, and 37 as T2. Thirty-three had staged unilateral or bilateral neck dissections, and 16 had postoperative radiotherapy. All @entity1 were followed up for 2 to 8 years unless they died. Of the 46 @entity1 , 33 are alive without disease, 8 died with disease, and 5 died of intercurrent disease. Among the 8 @entity1 who died with disease, 4 had uncontrollable local or regional recurrences, and 4 had distant metastases but were free of local or regional recurrence. Calculated overall survival was 59% and adjusted survival was 72% after 5 years. Four @entity1 had tracheostomies perioperatively, and 2 required temporary postoperative tracheostomies. The remaining 40 @entity1 needed no artificial airway other than orotracheal intubation for the endolaryngeal intervention. Thirty-seven @entity1 relearned undisturbed deglutition within 2 weeks from surgery, and 4, within 4 weeks. However, 5 (10.9%) @entity1 failed to relearn swallowing and consecutively underwent "completion" total laryngectomy. Among them were the two @entity1 who had previously had unsuccessful surgical or radiologic treatment of their primaries and the @entity1 with a history of @entity1697 . This study confirms that transoral laser resection can effectively control early @entity189 . Tracheostomies are not routinely required, and phonatory function is not compromised. However, transoral laser resection could not steadily preserve undisturbed deglutition in the @entity1 included in this study. @entity1 with histories of unsuccessful attempts of other larynx-sparing therapeutic modalities or of previous major head and neck interventions were not successfully managed with transoral laser resection in this series. Criteria for @entity1 selection remain to be established.

title: Endoscopic laser resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['supraglottic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence of @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) in Iran. We determined the incidence and evaluated prognostic factors for @entity5011 in a prospective, population-based study. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated and followed all @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity5011 admitted to three referral neurology centers in East Azerbaijan province over a 1-year period (2003). Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of cases were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 76 @entity1 were found, corresponding to a crude annual incidence rate of 2.11/100 000 population. Six @entity1 (7.9%) died acutely within 21 days from the onset of the disease. Acute mortality was due to respiratory involvement, @entity295 and @entity697 . The persistence of disability after the acute phase was related to axonal involvement (OR=3.19, 95%CI, 1.65 to 6.16). There was a significant correlation between a history of @entity294 and a further need for mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). Mechanically ventilated @entity1 had a @entity5011 score on discharge compared with @entity1 not mechanically ventilated (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates of @entity5011 in our province is similar to that in other countries. Acute mortality in @entity5011 was mostly due to poor respiratory care of @entity1 and infective complications, but disability and probably late mortality were due to @entity21 .

title: Epidemiology and characteristics of XXXX in the northwest of Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute autonomic system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'low GBS disability', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal nerve injury']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the reproductive outcomes of @entity7996 with duplicated cervix and @entity365 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 who have @entity7996 with duplicated cervix and @entity365 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. In Group I, 11 @entity1 with a poor reproductive outcome (spontaneous @entity2208 or @entity249 ) or @entity546 underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty and removal of @entity365 with the preservation of cervical septum. In Group II, 10 @entity1 without a history of spontaneous @entity2208 did not undergo hysteroscopic transection of the uterine septum. Of 10, four underwent @entity365 incision due to @entity546 , two underwent mere laparoscopic pelvic adhesiolysis because of @entity249 , and four without symptoms had no intervention. The primary endpoints included the pregnancy rate and outcomes of pregnancies. RESULTS: In Group I, the pregnancy rate after surgery is 81.8 % (9/11). Of nine @entity1 who conceived, six had term delivery, one encountered induced abortion due to the @entity600 of the fetal heart, and two had ongoing pregnancy. In Group II, among six @entity1 accepting surgery, three had term delivery. The pregnancy rate after operation is 50 % (3/6). CONCLUSIONS: The uterine septum may not necessarily be transected for @entity1 who have @entity7996 with duplicated cervix and @entity365 , and meanwhile have no a history of poor reproductive outcome.

title: Management and reproductive outcome of XXXX with duplicated cervix and @entity365 : review of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['complete septate uterus']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal septum']

answer: @entity7996 :: (MESH:D014594,Disease) :: ['complete septate uterus']


abstract: In chronic @entity627 , recent treatment regimens comprise multimodal concepts including pharmacologic, physical/exercise, occupational and psychological therapies. Rehabilitation programmes are used for long-term management of disease. @entity11028 therapy is often integrated in various middle and south European and Asian countries. Here, we investigated radon @entity11028 therapy as applied in health resorts compared to a control intervention in rheumatic out- @entity1 . Randomised, blinded trial enroling 681 @entity1 [mean age 58.3 (standard deviation 11.1); female 59.7%] in 7 health resorts in Germany and Austria with @entity615 (n 1 = 437), @entity571 ( @entity571 ) (n 2 = 230), @entity309 (n 3 = 98), and/or @entity1691 (n 4 = 39); multiple nominations in 146 cases). Outcomes were @entity158 (primary), quality of life, functional capacity, and medication measured before start, after end of treatment, and 3 times thereafter in 3 monthly intervals. Adverse events were documented. To analyse between-group differences, repeated-measures analysis of covariance was performed in metric endpoints and Fisher's exact test in rates. Two-sided significance level of 5% was chosen. Until end of follow-up, superiority of @entity30364 therapy was found regarding @entity158 relief (p = 0.032) and analgesic drug consumption (p = 0.007), but not regarding quality of life. Functional capacity was assessed specific to the underlying indication. Significant benefits were found in radon-treated @entity571 @entity1 until 6-month follow-up (p = 0.05), but not until end of study (p = 0.096). Neither the @entity615 sub-population nor the two smaller @entity1 populations with inflammatory indications benefited significantly in functional capacity. Results suggest beneficial analgesic effects of radon @entity11028 therapy in @entity627 until 9 months post-intervention.

title: Long-term benefits of radon @entity11028 therapy in XXXX : results of the randomised, multi-centre IMuRa trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: The Acute @entity158 Summit 2005 was convened to critically examine the perceptions of physicians about current methods used to control @entity282 and to compare those perceptions with the available scientific evidence. Clinicians with expertise in treatment of postsurgical @entity158 were asked to evaluate 10 practice-based statements. The statements were written to reflect areas within the field of @entity12761 management, where significant questions remain regarding everyday practice. Each statement made a specific claim about the usefulness of a specific therapy (eg, @entity5546 ) or the use of @entity158 -control modalities in specific @entity1 populations (eg, epidural analgesia after colon resection). Members of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and @entity158 Medicine (ASRA) were asked, via a Web-based survey, to rate their degree of agreement with each of the 10 statements; 22.8% (n = 632) of members responded. In preparation for the @entity158 summit, a panel member independently conducted a literature search and summarized the available evidence relevant to each statement. Summit @entity1 convened in December 2005. The assigned panel member presented the available evidence, and workshop @entity1 then assigned a category for the level of evidence and recommendation for each statement. All @entity1 then voted about each statement by use of the same accept/reject scale used earlier by ASRA members. This manuscript details those opinions and presents a critical analysis of the existing evidence supporting new and emerging techniques used to control postsurgical @entity158 .

title: XXXX management: a critical appraisal of current practice, December 2-4, 2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5546 :: ('MESH:C562643', 'Disease') :: ['PCA or epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity12761 :: (MESH:D059787,Disease) :: ['Acute post-surgical pain']


abstract: We report the molecular characterization of 8 primary @entity356 , corresponding xenografts, and 2 novel @entity356 cell lines. We compared the @entity5 and cell lines, with respect to histology, immunohistochemistry, copy number, and hypermethylation of up to 38 genes using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and @entity876 and @entity5962 mutation analysis where relevant. The @entity5 and xenografts were histologically comparable and shared expression of 11 of 14 immunohistochemical markers ( @entity5962 , @entity3546 , @entity2247 , @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity3559 , cyclin E, @entity6756 , @entity1594 , @entity993 , @entity1486 , @entity1631 , @entity10428 , and @entity2529 ). Gains of @entity1631 , @entity2529 , and @entity1486 --not yet described in @entity356 --were present in the @entity5 , xenografts, and cell lines. The most prominent losses occurred at @entity986 ( @entity986 ), @entity9288 ( @entity9288 ), @entity13525 ( @entity993 / @entity13525 ), and ATM. Except for ATM, these losses were found only in the cell line or xenograft, suggesting an association with @entity5 progression. However, examination of @entity986 and @entity993 in 174 @entity356 using tissue microarrays revealed no significant correlation with @entity5 stage or lymph node status. Further losses and hypermethylation were detected for @entity6756 , @entity10428 , @entity15893 , and ESR, and were also seen in @entity5 . Loss of @entity10428 expression correlated significantly with the diffuse phenotype. Interestingly, we found the highest rate of methylation in @entity5 which gave rise to cell lines. In addition, both cell lines harbored mutations in @entity5962 , encoding @entity5962 . Xenografts and @entity356 cell lines remain an invaluable research tool in the uncovering of the multistep progression of @entity5 . The frequent gains, losses, and hypermethylation reported in this study indicate that the involved genes or chromosomal regions may be relevant to @entity356 .

title: Molecular analysis of primary @entity356 , corresponding xenografts, and 2 novel @entity356 cell lines reveals novel alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinogenesis']


abstract: A population of @entity669 hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons that is up-regulated after lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway has been described in the primate striatum. The goal of this study was to examine the morphology, synaptology, and chemical phenotype of these neurons and TH-immunoreactive (-ir) terminals in the striatum of @entity5212 ( @entity5212 )-treated @entity2608 . TH-ir perikarya were small (10-12 microm), displayed nuclear invaginations, and received very few synaptic inputs. On the other hand, TH-containing dendrites were typically large in diameter (>1.0 microm) and received scarce synaptic innervation from putative excitatory and inhibitory terminals forming asymmetric and symmetric synapses, respectively. More than 70% of TH-positive intrastriatal cell bodies were found in the caudate nucleus and the precommissural putamen, considered as the associative functional territories of the primate striatum. Under 10% of these cells displayed calretinin immunoreactivity. TH-ir terminals rarely formed clear synaptic contacts, except for a few that established asymmetric axodendritic synapses. Almost two-thirds of TH-containing boutons displayed @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) immunoreactivity in the striatum of @entity191 monkeys, whereas under 5% did so in the normal striatum. These findings provide strong support for the existence of a population of putative catecholaminergic interneurons in the associative territory of the striatum in @entity191 monkeys. Their sparse synaptic innervation raises interesting issues regarding synaptic and nonsynaptic mechanisms involved in the regulation and integration of these neurons in the striatal microcircuitry. Finally, the coexpression of @entity1246 in TH-positive terminals in the striatum of @entity935 -depleted monkeys suggests dramatic neurochemical changes in the catecholaminergic modulation of striatal activity in @entity191 .

title: Synaptic microcircuitry of @entity669 hydroxylase-containing neurons and terminals in the striatum of XXXX -treated monkeys.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular impact of a patent @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) following kidney transplantation has not been clearly described. This study aimed to evaluate the natural history of AVFs in kidney transplant recipients and the effect of spontaneous @entity2548 closure after kidney transplantation on cardiac status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on vascular access for dialysis were collected from medical charts of kidney transplant recipients between July 2009 and November 2010 at a single center. Echocardiographic re-assessment of the @entity2548 flow and cardiac status was done in selected @entity1 with functioning and nonfunctioning AVFs. RESULTS: Of 180 kidney transplant recipients, 142 had AVFs before transplantation and 99 (69.7%) had a functioning @entity292 at the time of study after kidney transplantation. Twenty-three @entity1 with a functioning @entity2548 were compared with 17 with spontaneously closed AVFs. The left ventricular ejection fraction improved in both groups posttransplant. In the group with patent fistulas, there was a trend towards lower value of left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, but it did not reach statistical significance. The mean @entity292 flow was 560    405 mL/min in this group. A significant reduction was observed in the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall diameters in the group with closed AVFs. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous @entity2548 closure did not offer a significant cardiac beneficial effect. There are insufficient data to promote systematic closure of @entity2548 after successful kidney transplantation.

title: Impact of dialysis access XXXX on cardiac function after kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula', 'AVF']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Preferential @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) accumulation has been clearly associated with @entity2690 resistance. In contrast, the impact of visceral @entity28 on beta cell function is controversial. METHODS: In 62 non- @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 (age 24-69 years, BMI 21-39 kg/m2), we measured @entity1386 and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging. We also measured @entity2690 secretion and beta cell function by C-peptide deconvolution and physiological modelling of data from a frequently sampled, 75-g, 3-h OGTT, respectively. RESULTS: @entity1386 (range 0.1-3.1 kg) was strongly related to sex, age and BMI; @entity1386 was related to sex and BMI. Controlling for sex, age, BMI and @entity1386 by multivariate analysis, excess @entity1386 was associated with a clinical phenotype comprising higher plasma @entity413 levels, BP, heart rate and serum transaminases. The corresponding metabolic phenotype consisted of @entity2690 resistance (partial r=-0.38) and hyperinsulinaemia (partial r=0.29). The latter, however, was appropriate for the degree of @entity2690 resistance regardless of @entity28 and abdominal fat distribution. Moreover, none of the model-derived parameters describing beta cell function ( @entity413 sensitivity, rate sensitivity and potentiation) was independently associated with excess @entity1386 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In non- @entity6 Caucasian adults of either sex, preferential visceral fat deposition in itself is part of an @entity2690 -resistant phenotype. The @entity2690 secretory response to a physiological challenge is increased to fully compensate for the @entity2690 resistance, but the dynamics of beta cell function ( @entity413 sensitivity, rate sensitivity and potentiation) are largely preserved.

title: Visceral fat and beta cell function in non- XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Safety winged steel needles were introduced at the University of Tokyo Hospital in January 2001. We studied their effect in @entity2949 . A total of 952 'needlestick and sharp-object @entity130 were reported. From January 1999 to December 2004, Cases of injury with winged steel needles decreased dramatically soon after safety devices were introduced, from 19.8% in Apr.-Dec.2000 to 6.7% in 2001 and 5.5% in 2002 (p < .01). They began to increase, however, in July 2002, decreased again after medical staff members mere given lectures and notices by e-mail. Due to the introduction of safety devices, cases classified as a "while recapping a used needle" and "when puncturing @entity2144 " decreased. Among 17 @entity130 with safety winged steel needles, the most common cases were "safety mechanism not activated". We estimated that 76.5% of cases with safety winged steel needles could be prevented if they were used properly. In conclusion, the introduction of safety winged steel needles effectively reduced cases of injury with such needles. It is thus important to regularly remind hospital staff of safety device techniques and information reduce the such @entity130 .

title: [The efficacy of safety winged steel needles on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['rubber stoppers']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['needlestick injuries']

answer: @entity2949 :: (MESH:D016602,Disease) :: ['needlestick injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1475 ( @entity1475 ) is the pre-malignant form of @entity1469 . It is of clinical and epidemiological interest because of its significant complication in pregnancy. AIM: This study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of @entity1475 in a Nigerian tertiary health institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 10-year retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1475 managed at the hospital from 1(st) July 2001 to 30(th) June 2010 was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 34 cases of @entity1475 , out of a total delivery of 7,579, giving an incidence of 0.4% or 1 in 223 deliveries. The mean age of the @entity1 was 31.3 (8.7) years, and 29.0% (9/31) of the @entity1 were nulliparous. The mean gestational age of the @entity1 at presentation was 14.7 (3.5) weeks. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal @entity3556 , 93.5% (29/31), while @entity417 was the commonest complication seen in 96.8% (30/31) of @entity1 . Almost all the @entity1 (93.5%) had suction evacuation while 6.5% (2/31) had hysterectomy. As many as 6.5% (2/31) of @entity1 had post-evacuation chemotherapy while 87.1% (27/31) @entity1 had follow-up contraception. As many as 64.5% (20/31) of @entity1 had complete follow-up for less than 6 months. The case fatality rate was 9.7%. CONCLUSION: Molar pregnancy has remained an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our hospital, and the incidence was high. There is need for early recognition, timely referral, prompt and proper treatment of this condition. Adequate follow-up of the @entity1 should be reinforced.

title: XXXX : A Review of Management Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in South-East Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidiform mole', 'molar pregnancy']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['Hydatidiform mole']


abstract: @entity646 is thought to peak at onset of @entity1910 and diminish rapidly over the subsequent 2-3 days. The length of @entity646 and the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected during measles were investigated in 8 adults. Blood was obtained from 7 @entity1 between days 2 and 4 of @entity1910 . Five @entity1 had repeat specimens obtained on day 6 or 7, and 1 @entity1 had samples taken on days 6 and 10. Limiting dilutions of PBMC were cultivated with cord blood PBMC and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. @entity778 was identified by syncytia formation and confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. @entity778 was isolated from all 8 @entity1 . Four of 6 @entity1 were still viremic at day 6 or 7 of @entity1910 . Titers ranged from 3 to 5623 TCID50/10(5) PBMC. Adults with measles may have prolonged @entity646 , and a large proportion of PBMC may be infected.

title: Degree and length of XXXX in adults with measles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['viremia', 'Measles viremia']

answer: @entity646 :: (MESH:D014766,Disease) :: ['viremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the immediate and early postoperative results obtained in @entity1 subjected to laparoscopic resection of @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHOD: A prospective, observational cohort study was initiated in January 1993, involving 50 @entity1 subjected to laparoscopic resection for @entity14 (rectal amputation in 10 cases, lower rectal resection in 13, recto-sigmoidectomy in 18, and miscellaneous colectomies in 9 cases). Seventy-percent of the @entity5 were in IUCC stages II and III. Mean follow-up was 21 months. RESULTS: Conversion to open surgery was required in 18 cases (36%). Intraoperative problems were limited to a single urethral lesion, while postoperative complications were recorded in 11 @entity1 (22%), and were managed conservatively: a urinary fistula secondary to the aforementioned urethral lesion; subclinical dehiscence of the @entity254 (2 cases); @entity3527 (1 case); @entity6081 (4 cases), and urinary and @entity358 (1 case each). There were no differences between converted surgery (i.e., conventional laparotomy) and those operations completed endoscopically (with a final assisted or combined minilaparotomy) in terms of the length of the surgical resection piece, the length of the distal margin of the specimen or the number of lymph nodes. Global hospital stay ranged from 9-12 days, versus 5-7 in the group without complications. Global survival is 78% at 42 months, with a disease-free interval of 53% at this time. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colorectal resection presents an incidence of @entity260 characteristic of major surgery, with no differences in surgical specimen size with respect to those operations converted to laparotomy. Global survival is similar to that reported in the literature for open surgery.

title: Early results of laparoscopic resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the surgical wound']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intra- and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been developed and fully validated to detect the primary @entity20301 ( @entity20301 ) toxin, @entity5228 (DA). The performance characteristics of two versions of the test were investigated using spiked and naturally contaminated shellfish (mussels, scallops, oysters, clams, and cockles). The tests provide a qualitative result, to indicate the absence or presence of DA in extracts of shellfish tissues, at concentrations that are relevant to regulatory limits. The new rapid assay (LFIA version 2) was designed to overcome the performance limitations identified in the first version of the assay. The improved test uses an electronic reader to remove the subjective nature of the generated results, and the positive cut-off for screening of DA in shellfish was increased from 10 ppm (version 1) to 17.5 ppm (version 2). A simple extraction and test procedure was employed, which required minimal equipment and materials; results were available 15 min after sample preparation. Stability of the aqueous extracts at room temperature (22   C) at four time points (up to 245 min after extraction) and across a range of DA concentrations was 100.3  1.3% and 98.8  2.4% for pre- and post-buffered extracts, respectively. The assay can be used both within laboratory settings and in remote locations. The accuracy of the new assay, to indicate negative results at or below 10 ppm DA, and positive results at or above 17.5 ppm, was 99.5% (n=216 tests). Validation data were obtained from a 2-day, randomised, blind study consisting of multiple LFIA lots (n=3), readers (n=3) and operators (n=3), carrying out multiple extractions of mussel tissue (n=3) at each concentration (0, 10, 17.5, and 20 ppm). No matrix effects were observed on the performance of the assay with different species (mussels, scallops, oysters, clams, and cockles). There was no impact on accuracy or interference from other phycotoxins, @entity367 or @entity1160 with various strip incubations (8, 10, and 12 min). The accuracy of the assay, using naturally contaminated samples to indicate negative results at or below 12.5 ppm and positive results at or above 17.5 ppm, was 100%. Variability between three LFIA lots across a range of DA concentrations, expressed as coefficient of variation (% CV), was 1.1  0.4% (n=2 days) based on quantitative readings from the electronic reader. During an 8 week stability study, accuracy of the method with test strips stored at various temperatures (6, 22, 37 and 50   C) was 100%. Validation for both versions included comparisons with results obtained using reference LC-UV methods.

title: Development and validation of the first high performance-lateral flow immunoassay (HP-LFIA) for the rapid screening of XXXX from shellfish extracts.

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity20301 :: ('MESH:D057096', 'Disease') :: ['amnesic shellfish poisoning', 'ASP']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity5228 :: (MESH:C012301,Chemical) :: ['domoic acid']


abstract: The pol gene of @entity2858 encodes for three essential enzymes, protease (PR), @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) and integrase (IN). More than 16 drugs, targeting two of these enzymes, PR and @entity16757 have been approved by the FDA. At present, there are no clinically useful agents that inhibit the third enzyme, IN. Combination chemotherapy consisting of PR and @entity16757 inhibitors has shown remarkable success in the clinic and has benefited many @entity1 . It is thought that a combination of drugs targeting all three enzymes should further incapacitate the virus. Discovery of highly selective PR inhibitors owe their success to the recent development in structure-guided drug design. During the past several years a plethora of structures of @entity2858 PR in complex with an inhibitor have been solved by x-ray crystallography. This incredible wealth of information provided opportunities for the discovery of second and third generation inhibitors. Due to the inherent nature of IN and insufficient structural information, structure-based inhibitor design selective for IN has not kept pace. However, because of recent developments in the field such information could soon become available. In this review, emphasis is placed on inhibitors with identified or proposed drug binding sites on IN.

title: Structure-based XXXX integrase inhibitor design: a future perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse transcriptase', 'RT']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioural variant of frontotemporal @entity303 (bvFTD) frequently presents complex behavioural changes, that rarely occur in isolation. Targeting behavioural phenotypes instead of single behavioural symptoms may potentially provide a disease model in which to investigate brain substrates of behavioural abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: To identify behavioural phenotypes and to assess the associated brain correlates in a cohort of @entity1 with bvFTD. METHODS: Two hundred and seven consecutive individuals fulfilling clinical criteria for bvFTD were enrolled. Each @entity1 's caregiver completed frontal behavioural inventory on 24 key behavioural disturbances. Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) models were applied, and behavioural phenotypes identified. For each phenotype, a score was derived based on the "best" @entity3795 model (Bifactor @entity3795 ). One hundred two @entity1 underwent SPECT scan. A regression analysis between scores for each factor and regional cerebral blood flow was carried out (P<0.001). RESULTS: One "general" behavioural phenotype and four factors were identified, that were termed "disinhibited", "apathetic", " @entity146 ", and "language" phenotypes. The most robust brain correlate was identified for "disinhibited" phenotype, in the region of the anterior cingulated and anterior temporal cortex, bilaterally, and for apathetic phenotype in the left dorsolateral frontal cortex. As expected, language phenotype correlated with greater hypoperfusion in the left frontotemporal lobes. No significant correlation between @entity146 phenotype and regional cerebral blood flow was found. Moreover, the "general" behavioural severity was associated with greater damage in the right frontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural phenotypes are associated with specific @entity75 in bvFTD, involving distinct cerebral networks.

title: Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural phenotypes in behavioural variant of frontotemporal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Articular cartilage chondrocytes are surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and the interactions between chondrocytes and ECM proteins have important effects on chondrocyte function. In this study, attachment assays were used to examine integrin-mediated attachment of chondrocytes to fibronectin, @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ), and type II collagen. A cyclic peptide containing the @entity11599 integrin recognition sequence was capable of blocking attachment of chondrocytes to all three ECM proteins including collagen. Cations were required for chondrocyte attachment and provided a mechanism to differentially regulate attachment to ECM proteins. @entity1025 and @entity3281 supported attachment to all three ECM proteins but @entity141 did not support attachment to collagen and was less effective than @entity1025 or @entity3281 in chondrocyte attachment to @entity9198 . Treatment of chondrocytes with @entity1968 for the first 3 days of culture, prior to use in attachment assays, resulted in a decrease in the attachment to collagen but not to fibronectin or @entity9198 . Seven days of @entity1968 treatment resulted in decreased attachment to fibronectin, @entity9198 , and collagen. Treatment with 100 pM @entity2533 for 18 h stimulated attachment to all three proteins. @entity2533 treatment was able to at least partially overcome the inhibitory effects of @entity1968 . These results demonstrate several important mechanisms by which chondrocyte-ECM interactions may be modulated. The differential effects of @entity1968 and @entity2533 on attachment correlate with their known effects on matrix synthesis, which suggests a link between matrix synthesis and integrin expression in chondrocytes.

title: Modulation of integrin-mediated attachment of chondrocytes to extracellular matrix proteins by cations, XXXX , and @entity2533 .

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'matrix Gla protein']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']