abstract: The mechanisms of @entity2 are highly complex. Not only mRNA gene expression but also microRNAs, DNA methylation, and copy number variation ( @entity471 ) play roles in tumorigenesis. It is difficult to incorporate so much information into a single model that can comprehensively reflect all these @entity2 mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the 129 TCGA (The @entity5 ) @entity957 samples with gene expression, microRNA expression, DNA methylation, and @entity471 data. First, we used variance inflation factor (VIF) regression to build the whole genome integrative network. Then, we isolated the @entity2 subnetwork by identifying the known @entity2 genes and their direct regulators. This subnetwork was refined by the Bayesian method, and the directed regulations among mRNA genes, microRNAs, methylations, and CNVs were obtained. The novel candidate key drivers in this refined subnetwork, such as the methylation of @entity41666 and @entity37068 , microRNA let-7a and miR-31, and the @entity471 of AGAP2, were identified and analyzed. On three large public available @entity2 datasets, the key drivers @entity41666 and @entity37068 demonstrated significant associations with the overall survival of @entity2 @entity1 . Our results provide new insights into @entity2 mechanisms.

title: Novel Candidate Key Drivers in the Integrative Network of Genes, MicroRNAs, Methylations, and Copy Number Variations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma']


abstract: Studies suggest that the preferential role of L-type voltage-sensitive @entity141 channels (VSCCs) in coupling strong synaptic stimulation to transcription is due to their selective activation of local chemical events. However, it is possible that selective activation of the L-type channel by specific voltage waveforms also makes a contribution. To address this issue we have examined the response of specific @entity141 channel types to simulated complex voltage waveforms resembling those encountered during synaptic plasticity (gamma and theta firing frequency). L-, P/Q- and N-type VSCCs ( @entity7819 @entity7819 A, @entity7819 B/beta1 @entity7819 delta, respectively) were all similarly activated by brief action potential (AP) waveforms or sustained step depolarization. When complex waveforms containing large excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), @entity28286 and spike accommodation were applied under voltage clamp we found that the integrated L-type VSCC current was approximately three times larger than that produced by the P/Q- or N-type @entity141 channels (gamma frequency 1 s stimulation). For P/Q- or N-type channels the complex waveforms led to a smaller current than that expected from the response to a simple 1 s step depolarization to 0 or +20 mV. EPSPs present in the waveforms favoured the inactivation of P/Q- and N-type channels. In contrast, activation of the L-type channel was dependent on both EPSP- and AP-mediated depolarization. Expression of P/Q-type channels with reduced voltage-dependent inactivation ( @entity7819 A/beta2A/ @entity7819 delta) or the use of hyperpolarized intervals between AP stimuli greatly increased their response to complex voltage stimuli. We propose that in response to complex synaptic voltage waveforms P/Q- and N-type channels can undergo selective voltage-dependent inactivation leading to a @entity141 current mediated predominantly by L-type channels.

title: Decoding of synaptic voltage waveforms by specific classes of recombinant high-threshold XXXX channels.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to @entity1 with chronic @entity74 both before and after tertiary rehabilitation. The association of the SF-36 with various socioeconomic outcomes was then examined. OBJECTIVES: To assess the correlation of scores on SF-36 with treatment program completion and clinically meaningful 1-year socioeconomic outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There has been much interest in identifying variables that can predict which disabled workers with chronic @entity74 will have good versus poor socioeconomic outcomes after tertiary rehabilitation. Results of previous research have indicated that psychosocial factors are better predictors of such outcomes than physical factors. A more recent trend in research is assessing health-related quality of life from the health care recipient's perspective. METHODS: The SF-36 was administered to a cohort (n = 146) of @entity1 chronically disabled by @entity74 before entry into a tertiary functional restoration program. Of this cohort, preprogram SF-36 scores and 1-year socioeconomic data were available for 128 program completers and 18 program noncompleters. The pre- and postprogram SF-36 scores of program completers for each of the outcome variables were compared. RESULTS: Better scores on the preprogram SF-36 Social Functioning and Bodily @entity158 scales were found to be associated with successful completion of the treatment program. Postprogram SF-36 scores were more frequently associated with outcomes than were preprogram scores. Most SF-36 scores, especially the physical domain scales, were associated with the variables of return to work, work retention, and use of health care resources. The overwhelming majority of significant associations were between higher (i.e., better) SF-36 scores and "good" treatment outcomes (e.g., return-to-work). CONCLUSIONS: The large number of associations between SF-36 scores and outcome variables highlights the importance of assessing the health-related quality of life of @entity1 , and supports the use of the SF-36 in accomplishing this task. Among the findings, perhaps the most significant was the value of assessing health-related quality of life, particularly the subjective physical components, after completion of a functional restoration program. Prediction of long-term socioeconomic outcomes is likely to be improved if assessment is conducted at the end of the treatment process. SF-36 is recommended for assessing general health status, and more spine-specific measures are recommended for assessing @entity158 and disability variables.

title: The association of the SF-36 health status survey with 1-year socioeconomic outcomes in a chronically disabled XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain', 'Pain']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['spinal disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1067 is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of the aging males. Watchful waiting is an acceptable management strategy for @entity1067 in which the @entity1 is monitored by the physician but receives no active intervention. The epidemiological data on this are lacking in China. Our study was designed to evaluate the changes of signs and symptoms of @entity1 with @entity1067 during management by watchful waiting in China. METHODS: One hundred and forty-five @entity1 with @entity1067 aged > 50 years were enrolled in management by watchful waiting. All the @entity1 were visited every 6 months and were given an International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life questionnaire to complete. They also had uroflowmetry and were assessed using ultrasonography to get the volume of prostate, transition zone and amount of residual urine. The Student's t test, the Chi-square test, and variance analysis were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: All @entity1 were visited after 6 months, the mean volume of transitional zone was found to have increased by 1.6 ml (P < 0.01), International Prostate Symptom Score was increased by 0.8 (P < 0.01) and Quality of Life was increased by 0.2 (P < 0.01), and there was no statistical change in other data. Among these @entity1 , 17.9% (26/145) visited again after 12 months when the data failed to show a statistically significant difference among the three groups (0, 6, and 12 months). CONCLUSIONS: After one year's follow-up, the progression of @entity1067 was slow and the clinical data did not undergo much change.

title: Natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia', 'Benign prostate hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']


abstract: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive technique for excision of selected benign and @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess the long-term results after benign and malignant rectal lesions excision using TEM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between December 1998 and October 2005 37 @entity1 were operated on using TEM. Median follow-up was 3.5 years (range 1-5 years). There were 9 (33.3%) @entity1 and 18 (66.7%) @entity1 with a median @entity1 age of 75 years (range 38-83 years). 27 @entity1 were included into this study. RESULTS: One @entity1 has still incontinent. There have been two local recurrences and liver @entity3 in one @entity1 . Two @entity1 have had stricture of the rectum. One @entity1 died because of @entity299 . 21 (77.7%) of @entity1 were satisfied with treatment. CONCLUSION: TEM is a safe, effective treatment for selected cases of benign lesions and some cases of early stage @entity5 . Long-term results and a prospective randomized trial are needed.

title: [Long-term results of XXXX treatment by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant rectal neoplasmas', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we investigated the relative efficacy of different classes of commonly used anti- @entity302 drugs (AEDs) with different mechanisms of action, individually and in combination, to suppress @entity302 in an in vitro model. Extracellular field potential were recorded in 450  m thick transverse hippocampal slices prepared from juvenile @entity35 , in which " @entity302 " ( @entity2613 's) were produced with a high-K+ (8.5 mM) @entity3157 -buffered saline solution. Single and dual recordings in stratum pyramidale of @entity1399 and @entity1400 regions were performed with 3-5 M   glass microelectrodes. All drugs- @entity2812 (LTG), @entity3174 ( @entity29597 ) and @entity1092 ( @entity3262 )-were applied to the slice by superfusion at a rate of 2 ml/min at 32  C. Effects upon frequency of @entity2613 's were assessed for LTG, @entity29597 and @entity3262 applied at different concentrations, in isolation and in combination. We demonstrated that high-K+ induced @entity2613 frequency was reversibly reduced by LTG, @entity29597 and @entity3262 , at concentrations corresponding to @entity1 therapeutic blood plasma concentrations. With a protocol using several applications of drugs to the same slice, @entity29597 and @entity3262 in combination displayed additivity of effect with 50 M @entity29597 and 350 M @entity3262 reducing SLD frequency by 44% and 24% individually (n = 19), and together reducing SLD frequency by 66% (n = 19). 20 M LTG reduced SLD frequency by 32% and 350 M @entity3262 by 16% (n = 18). However, in combination there was a supra-linear suppression of @entity2613 's of 64% (n = 18). In another independent set of experiments, similar results of drug combination responses were also found. In conclusion, a combination of conventional AEDs with different mechanisms of action, @entity29597 and @entity3262 , displayed linear additivity of effect on @entity302 . More intriguingly, a combination of LTG and @entity3262 considered particularly efficacious clinically showed a supra-additive suppression of @entity2613 's. This approach may be useful as an in vitro platform for assessing drug combination efficacy.

title: Anti-Epileptic Drug Combination Efficacy in an In Vitro Seizure Model - @entity3174 and @entity1092 , XXXX and @entity1092 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['Lamotrigine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is defined as @entity158 that originates from myofascial trigger points in skeletal muscle. It is prevalent in regional @entity4512 syndromes, either alone or in combination with other @entity158 generators. The @entity158 syndrome is one of the largest groups of under-diagnosed and under-treated medical problems encountered in clinical practice. Trigger points are commonly seen in @entity1 with @entity158 that can be responsible for localized @entity158 in the affected muscles as well as @entity158 patterns. Correct needle placement in a myofascial trigger point is vital to prevent complications and improve efficacy of the trigger point injection to help reduce or relieve @entity158 . In the @entity28 @entity1 , these injections may not reach the target tissue. In the cervicothoracic spine, a misguided or misplaced injection can result in a pneumothorax. Here, we review an electromyographically guided trigger point injection technique to avoid this potential pitfall. METHODS: Using a disposable Teflon coated hypodermic injection needle attached to an electromyography (EMG) machine, a trigger point injection can be performed utilizing electromyographic guidance. This guidance by observing motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) on the EMG screen helps confirm the needle placement to be within the muscle tissue and not in an adipose tissue or any other non-musculature structure. RESULTS: The technique is simple when performed by a @entity158 management specialist who has electromyographic training. CONCLUSION: This technique helps confirm proper needle placement within the cervicothoracic musculature in an @entity28 @entity1 in whom the musculature is not readily palpated. This, thus, reduces the potential for a pneumothorax by an improperly placed injection.

title: Electromyographically guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature of @entity28 XXXX : a new and unreported technique.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'Myofascial pain', 'referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16732 ( @entity16732 ) that are located abnormally within the myometrium or cervix cause a higher incidence of pelvic @entity158 compared with normally positioned devices. METHODS: Over a period of 9 months, all @entity1 with an IUD presenting at our unit for two-dimensional pelvic ultrasound underwent a three-dimensional (3D) volume reconstruction of the coronal view, to visualize the entire IUD within the cavity. The IUD was deemed malpositioned if any part extended past the cavity, into the myometrium or cervix. The indications for ultrasound were recorded at presentation for the exam. The presenting symptoms of @entity1 with an abnormally located IUD were compared with those with normally positioned ones. RESULTS: Among 167 consecutive @entity1 with an IUD evaluated using the 3D reconstructed coronal view, 28 (16.8%) had an IUD with side arms abnormally located within the myometrium. The abnormal positioning of the IUD arms was only detected using the 3D coronal view. A higher proportion of @entity1 with an abnormally located IUD presented with @entity548 (35.7%) or @entity158 (39.3%) compared with those with normally positioned @entity16732 (15.1% with @entity548 and 19.4% with @entity158 ) (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Seventy-five percent of @entity1 with an abnormally located IUD presented with @entity548 or @entity158 compared with 34.5% of those whose IUD was normally placed (P = 0.0001). Twenty of 21 @entity1 with an abnormally located IUD presenting with @entity2371 or @entity548 reported improvement in their symptoms after IUD removal. CONCLUSION: A 3D coronal view of the uterus is useful in the visualization of @entity16732 . The coronal view showing the entire device and its position within the uterus may help in identifying the cause of @entity2371 and @entity548 in @entity1 with an embedded IUD.

title: Three-dimensional ultrasound detection of abnormally located XXXX which are a source of pelvic @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity16732 :: ('MESH:D058736', 'Disease') :: ['IUDs', 'intrauterine contraceptive devices']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and abnormal bleeding']

answer: @entity16732 :: (MESH:D058736,Disease) :: ['intrauterine contraceptive devices']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the perirhinal cortex (Prh) has been extensively related to recognition memory, little is known about its specific role in taste memories. The main aim of the present series was therefore to examine the effect of @entity2359 of the Prh on taste neophobia, a phenomenon consisting of a low intake of a novel food until its postingestive consequences are determined. The results showed that Prh-lesioned @entity35 consumed significantly more novel @entity8021 in trial 1 than control subjects when a @entity8021 solution of 0.3% (expt. 1a) and 0.5% (expt. 1b) was presented. However, when the @entity8021 concentration was high and qualitatively more aversive, Prh lesions did not affect the neophobic response (0.7%, expt. 1c) and the lesioned and control animals consumed a similar amount of the fluid during the first and subsequent test trials. In all three experiments, Prh-lesioned and control @entity35 showed a comparable intake at asymptote. Experiment 2 and 3 showed that @entity2359 to the dorsal hippocampus prior to or 24h after the intake of the novel taste (0.3% @entity8021 ) had no effect on the initial occurrence of the neophobic response or on the consolidation of safe taste memory, respectively. These findings support a dissociation of functions between the Prh and the hippocampus in taste neophobia. Also, the data suggests that the Prh plays an essential role in detecting the novelty of the new tastant.

title: Differential contribution of perirhinal cortex and hippocampus to taste neophobia: Effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate visibility is an important factor for achieving successful endoscopic hemostasis for the treatment of @entity548 ( @entity548 ). The independent factors that affect visibility during endoscopic procedures have yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that affect endoscopic visibility and to create a model that can predict in which @entity1 unacceptable visibility is suspected before emergent endoscopic procedures for @entity548 . DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care hospital in South Korea. @entity1 : A total of 121 @entity1 admitted because of @entity548 . INTERVENTION: Analysis of the visibility score of the emergency endoscopies for @entity548 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Factors affecting the visibility score of endoscopy and a classification and regression tree (CART) model for predicting of visibility. RESULTS: The EGD time and the appearance of the nasogastric (NG) tube aspirate were independent factors that were significantly associated with visibility (EGD time, P<.001; red blood appearance in NG tube aspirate, P<.001; coffee grounds appearance of NG tube aspirate, P=.006). Based on these results, a CART model was developed by using 70 @entity1 who had been allocated to the training set. The CART generated algorithms that proposed the use of the appearance of the NG tube aspirate and the EGD time (8.5 hours) to predict visibility. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor visibility were 71.4% and 86.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of the CART model enables the prediction of which @entity1 will have poor visibility during emergent endoscopy.

title: Factors that affect visibility during endoscopic hemostasis for XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding', 'UGIB']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['upper GI bleeding']


abstract: Recently, three @entity62368 @entity1 with @entity6563 and a neonatal progeroid appearance were reported. Although their phenotype was distinct from that of classic @entity1614 , they all had a truncating mutation in the penultimate exon, i.e., exon 64, of @entity6099 , the causative gene for @entity1614 . These @entity1 might represent a new entity, but the exact phenotypic and genotypic spectrum remains unknown. Here, we report on a @entity1 born prematurely who exhibited severe @entity6563 and a neonatal progeroid appearance. The @entity1 exhibited a characteristic growth pattern consisting of an accelerated growth in height with a discrepant poor @entity1017 . She had a characteristic facial appearance with @entity91 . A mutation analysis identified @entity62369 , @entity62370 *9 in exon 64 of the @entity6099 gene. A review of similar, recently reported @entity1 revealed that the cardinal features of these @entity1 include (1) @entity6563 , (2) premature birth with an accelerated linear growth disproportionate to the @entity1017 , and (3) a progeroid appearance with distinct facial features. Lines of molecular evidence suggested that this new @entity43608 represents a neomorphic phenotype caused by truncated transcripts with an extremely charged protein motif that escapes from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, altering @entity6099 - @entity2533 signaling, rather than representing the severe end of the hypomorphic phenotype of the @entity6099 - @entity2533 disorder spectrum. We propose that this @entity62368 entity comprised of @entity6563 , a neonatal progeroid appearance, and a peculiar growth profile and caused by rare mutations in the penultimate exon of @entity6099 , be newly referred to as @entity43608 .

title: Severe @entity6563 and a progeroid appearance: Mutation in the penultimate exon of XXXX causing a recognizable phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6563 :: ('MESH:D052497', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity43608 :: ('MESH:C536423', 'Disease') :: ['progeroid syndrome', 'marfanoid-progeroid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity62370 :: ('p|SUB|R|2726|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg2726Glufs']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity6099 :: (2200,Gene) :: ['FBN1']


abstract: Long-term survival following chemotherapy or autologous bone marrow transplantation in adults with relapsed/ @entity1893 was evaluated. English language articles published from January 1, 1988 to September 1, 1993 were obtained from a broad-based MEDLINE search retrieving 3,854 citations regarding therapy for @entity706 . Citations were evaluated using both computer-based evaluation and manual review. Articles were included if they addressed the disease of interest ( @entity1893 , Working Formulation D-H), the population of interest (adults with either relapsed or @entity66 ), and the therapies of interest (chemotherapy or autologous bone marrow transplantation). Articles were excluded if they did not provide convincing information on long-term survival (as evidenced by either survival analysis or individual @entity1 data) or if they reported a small number of @entity1 (N < 15). No randomized trials of the two therapies were found. Nine case series were found reporting on 444 eligible @entity1 receiving chemotherapy; eight were found reporting on 256 @entity1 undergoing autologous marrow transplantation. After weighting by sample size, the mean 3-year survival rate was 25% (95% CI, 20-30%) following chemotherapy and 40% (95% CI, 33-47%) following marrow transplantation. The reporting of potentially relevant prognostic factors was inconsistent among articles. Despite our comprehensive synthesis and evaluation of currently available data, the survival advantage of marrow transplantation in relapsed/ @entity1893 that we report must be viewed as tentative, given the limitations of the case series data. In addition, establishing the comparability of @entity1 treated with these therapies is made more difficult by the inconsistent reporting of potentially relevant prognostic factors. The results of an international randomized trial of these two therapies is forthcoming and may address some of these shortcomings.

title: Autologous bone marrow transplantation versus chemotherapy in relapsed/ XXXX : estimates of long-term survival from the recent literature.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to present the outcome of operative and non-operative management of @entity1 with @entity99 treated in a single institution depending on imaging. This study was conducted at the Causality Unit of Minia University Hospital, and included 60 @entity1 with @entity99 from March 2012 to January 2013. In our study, males represent 80  % while females represent 20  % of the traumatized @entity1 . The peak age for @entity130 found was 11-30  years. @entity130 is the most common cause of @entity99 as it was the cause in 48 @entity1 (80  %). Firearm injuries are the most common cause of penetrating @entity130 (60  %) followed by @entity130 (40  %). More than one half of our @entity1 (34 out of 60) were treated with non-operative management (NOM) with a high success rate. The operative procedures done were suture hepatorrhaphy (20 cases), non-anatomical resection in one case, anatomical resection in one case, and damage control therapy using pads in two cases. In another two cases, nothing was done as subcapsular @entity1410 had resolved. Minia University Hospital is a big tertiary Hospital in Egypt at which blunt @entity409 is more common than penetrating @entity409 . Surgery is no longer the only option available. It has been reserved for extensive lesions with condition of hemodynamic instability or for the treatment of the complications. NOM is an effective treatment modality in most cases.

title: Management of XXXX in Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Blunt trauma', 'stab injuries']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 may be linked to @entity73 in old age. METHODS: The Leiden 85-Plus Study is a prospective population-based study of 599 subjects from age 85 onward. The generalized atherosclerotic burden was rated by the number of cardiovascular pathologies at baseline, as assessed by history taking from treating physicians and EKG. Cardiovascular pathologies included @entity583 , @entity951 or @entity741 , claudicatio intermittens, and arterial surgery. Global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), attention (Stroop Test), processing speed (Letter Digit Coding Test), immediate recall memory (Word Learning Test-Immediate Recall), delayed recall memory (Word Learning Test-Delayed Recall), and @entity308 (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) were assessed each year from ages 85 through 90. The prospective associations between both the generalized @entity731 rating and @entity64 with cognitive function and @entity308 were analyzed by linear mixed models adjusted for sex and level of education. RESULTS: During follow-up, there was a significant @entity73 and a significant @entity308 . At baseline, a history of @entity64 was correlated with @entity73 , slower processing speed, impaired immediate and delayed recall memory, and more @entity308 . In addition, a higher generalized @entity731 rating was correlated with @entity73 , lower attention, and a slower processing speed at baseline. During follow-up, a higher generalized @entity731 rating was associated with an accelerated decline of immediate recall memory and delayed recall memory. In contrast, there was no relation between the generalized @entity731 rating and @entity308 , either in the cross-sectional analysis or in the prospective analysis. CONCLUSION: In the population at large, generalized @entity731 contributes to @entity73 in old age but not to @entity308 .

title: Generalized XXXX , @entity73 in old age.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'increase of depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired global cognitive function', 'cognitive decline and depression', 'cognitive decline', 'lower global cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous @entity5 within the CNS have been reported as radiogenic in origin; radiation-induced @entity1653 are at least five times more numerous than @entity11 or @entity242 in the world literature. METHODS: The authors review 10 cases of @entity1779 following high-dose radiotherapy in @entity1 operated for @entity11809 . The pathologic and clinical aspects of this unusual complication are analyzed in all cases in the world literature. RESULTS: There is a female predominance (F-M ratio: 3:2) and the @entity1 are young (mean age: 33.1 years; median: 29 years). The average latency period is 14.4 years (range: 9-21 years). The first disease is @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in 40% of cases. Radiation induced @entity1653 are atypical in four cases. Recurrence was observed in one case without malignant transformation. CONCLUSION: High-dose radiation-induced @entity1653 have the following characteristics: (1) @entity1 appear particularly sensitive to the development of this @entity5 ; (2) there is a female predominance, otherwise than is observed in low-dose @entity1653 ; (3) these @entity5 present a peak frequency in the third decade of life; and (4) frequently, these @entity5 are atypical and recur. Finally, it is essential that every new case be reported to throw light on this particular pathologic correlation with its many grey areas.

title: High-dose radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: Differentiation and morphogenesis of skeletal muscle are complex and asynchronous events that involve various myogenic cell populations and extracellular signals. @entity2241 are responsible for the formation of primary and secondary fibers, respectively, although the mechanism that diversifies their fate is not fully understood. @entity460 transients appear to be a signaling mechanism that is widely utilized in differentiation and embryogenesis. In mature skeletal muscle, @entity460 transients are generated mainly by @entity8452 receptors (type 1 and type 3), which are involved in excitation-contraction coupling. However, it is not clear whether the activity of these receptors is important for contractile activity alone or whether it may also play a role in regulating the differentiation/developmental processes. To clarify this point, we first examined the expression of the receptors during development. The results show that the expression of both receptors appears as early as E13 during limb muscle development and parallels the expression of skeletal myosin. The expression and the activity of both receptors is maintained in vitro by all myogenic cell populations isolated from different stages of development, including somitic, embryonic and fetal myoblasts and satellite cells. Blocking @entity8452 receptor activity by using @entity8452 inhibits in vitro differentiation of fetal myoblasts (judged by the expression of sarcomeric myosin and formation of multinucleated myotubes) but not of somitic or embryonic and satellite muscle cells. This block is caused by the transcriptional inhibition of markers characteristic of terminal differentiation, rather than commitment, as the expression of muscle regulatory factors is not impaired by @entity8452 treatment. Taken together, the data reported in this paper demonstrate that, although @entity460 transients represent a general mechanism for the control of differentiation and development, multiple @entity460 -dependent pathways may be relevant in different myogenic populations during development. Moreover, since fetal myoblasts are responsible for the formation of secondary fibers during development, and therefore for the building of the bulk of muscular mass, these results suggest that @entity460 release from @entity8452 receptors plays a role in the histogenesis of @entity1 skeletal muscle.

title: The block of XXXX receptors selectively inhibits fetal myoblast differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Embryonic and fetal skeletal myoblasts']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: Each sport presents with unique risk factors and different mechanisms of injury, and therefore extrapolation of the data from one sport to another makes comparison difficult. The current evidence exploring the relationship of @entity2587 and degenerative changes of the cervical spine leaves much to be debated, and future prospective longitudinal studies will be needed to clarify our understanding further. Such research will help structure clinical recommendations and improve sports safety and the care of @entity2587 of all ages. Currently, there is evidence to suggest that participation in collision sports is implicated in @entity528 of the cervical spine. There is some evidence to suggest that the same is true with noncollision sports and activities that result in direct and indirect repetitive loads to the cervical spine over time. The risk factors have yet to be clearly identified. The natural history and sequelae of @entity528 have yet to be elucidated. @entity4720 also appears to increase the severity, but not the frequency, of irreversible @entity16 during collision sport participation. Prudence dictates that we not ignore the present evidence suggesting a link between neuropraxia and @entity850 . Proper screening for @entity850 in @entity1 with transient neuropraxia with subsequent cessation of participation in collision sports if severe @entity850 is present is suggested. There is no consensus for RTP guidelines in the setting of transient @entity16 in the athlete when severe @entity528 is present, and each case must be considered individually with regard to the sport involved.

title: Degenerative disease of the cervical spine and its relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury', 'neurologic injuries']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['premature degeneration', 'degeneration']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Millions of workers worldwide are employed in occupations involving potentiality hazardous exposure to crystalline @entity3440 . The diatomaceous earth industry can have particularly high exposures, but there is a lower likelihood of simultaneously occurring confounding exposures. We extended follow-up for diatomaceous earth industry workers previously studied for mortality. METHODS: The cohort included 2342 white @entity1 who were employed for at least 1   year at a diatomaceous earth plant in Lompoc, California beginning in 1942. Workers' vital status was updated using the National Death Index through 2011, an extension of 19   years from earlier studies. Detailed work history and quantitative air monitoring measurements estimated exposure intensity. Cox proportional hazards modelling estimated HRs and 95% CIs. SMRs were calculated. RESULTS: Elevated mortality was observed by quartile of cumulative crystalline @entity3440 exposure for @entity2 (HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.85, highest quartile, unlagged) and @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) (HR=3.59, 95% CI 1.94 to 6.67, highest quartile, unlagged), although trends were not statistically significant. Associations were attenuated when adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure. Mortality from @entity1576 was significantly increased over the entire follow-up compared to the general population (SMR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60). An @entity2 was confined to the earlier follow-up (SMR=1.29, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity2 and @entity1576 mortality remained elevated, although generally non-significant, and exposure-response trends with cumulative crystalline @entity3440 persisted on extended follow-up of this cohort. The findings support a generally consistently observed aetiological relation between crystalline @entity3440 and @entity2 .

title: Extended follow-up of XXXX and @entity1576 mortality among California diatomaceous earth workers.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increase for lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['NMRD', 'non-malignant respiratory disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Our purpose was to assess the presence of centrosomal aberrations as measured by immunohistochemistry in primary @entity0 and their association with established and proposed prognostic factors. Tissue sections of 103 primary invasive @entity0 were examined using centrosome-specific antibodies to @entity16144 and gamma-tubulin. At least 3 different @entity5 regions per case were examined to determine maximum centrosomal aberration levels, which represent the proportion of cells with abnormal centrosomes in the region with the highest percentage of cells with centrosomal aberrations. The chi(2) test was performed to evaluate the association of maximum centrosomal aberration levels with @entity1 age; @entity5 size; nodal status; nuclear grade; @entity5282 and @entity1722 expression; proportion of Ki67-, @entity876 - and @entity588 -positive @entity5 cells; DNA index; S-phase fraction; and proliferation index. With @entity16144 immunohistochemistry, maximum centrosomal aberration levels >35% were detectable in 92 of the 103 @entity0 (89%). We found a highly significant correlation of maximum centrosomal aberration levels above 35% with axillary nodal @entity5 involvement (p < 0.0001) and the absence of hormone receptors (p < 0.0001). In addition, there was a borderline significant relationship with age <50 years (p = 0.050) and @entity1722 overexpression (p = 0.050). Among node-negative @entity1 , maximum centrosomal aberration levels >35% were also associated with an increased DNA index (p = 0.006). In a subset of @entity1 , additional staining of centrosomes with a monoclonal anti-gamma-tubulin antibody essentially confirmed these results. In primary @entity0 , centrosomal aberrations are associated with those factors predicting a more aggressive course of disease. This might indicate a fundamental role of centrosomal dysfunction in disease evolution, possibly as a result of chromosome missegregation during mitosis.

title: Centrosomal aberrations in primary XXXX are associated with nodal status and @entity5282 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast carcinomas', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality is very high in @entity8193 , and there is no satisfactory treatment other than treatment of the underlying cause. Uncontrolled studies have suggested that @entity19800 , which stimulates the oxidation of @entity880 to @entity6625 and @entity544 , might reduce morbidity and improve survival among @entity1 with this condition. METHODS: We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized trial of intravenous @entity13085 therapy in 252 @entity1 with @entity8193 ; 126 were assigned to receive @entity19800 and 126 to receive placebo. The entry criteria included an arterial-blood @entity880 concentration of > or = 5.0 mmol per liter and either an @entity551 of < or = 7.35 or a base deficit of > or = 6 mmol per liter. The mean (+/- SD) arterial-blood @entity880 concentrations before treatment were 11.6 +/- 7.0 mmol per liter in the @entity19800 -treated @entity1 and 10.4 +/- 5.5 mmol per liter in the placebo group, and the mean initial @entity551 values were 7.24 +/- 0.12 and 7.24 +/- 0.13, respectively. Eighty-six percent of the @entity1 required mechanical ventilation, and 74 percent required pressor agents, inotropic drugs, or both because of @entity551 . RESULTS: The arterial-blood @entity880 concentration decreased 20 percent or more in 83 (66 percent) of the 126 @entity1 who received @entity19800 and 45 (36 percent) of the 126 @entity1 who received placebo (P = 0.001). The @entity551 also increased more in the @entity19800 -treated @entity1 (P = 0.005). The absolute magnitude of the differences was small, however, and they were not associated with improvement in hemodynamics or survival. Only 12 percent of the @entity19800 -treated @entity1 and 17 percent of the placebo @entity1 survived to be discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19800 treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity8193 results in statistically significant but clinically unimportant changes in arterial-blood @entity880 concentrations and pH and fails to alter either hemodynamics or survival.

title: A controlled clinical trial of XXXX for treatment of @entity8193 in adults. The @entity19800 -Lactic Acidosis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity19800 :: ('CHEBI:36386', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetate', 'Dichloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'arterial-blood pH']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity13085 :: ('MESH:D003999', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dichloroacetate']

answer: @entity19800 :: (CHEBI:36386,Chemical) :: ['dichloroacetate']


abstract: AIMS: To compare treatment regimens of two widely used natural surfactant preparations Curosurf and Survanta in @entity649 ( @entity649 ). METHODS: The effects of the two treatment regimens on gas exchange, ventilatory requirements, and 28 day outcome in @entity1 with @entity649 were compared. Seventy five preterm @entity1 (birth weight 700-1500 g) with @entity649 requiring artificial ventilation with an FIO2 of > or = 0.4, were randomly selected at 1-24 hours of age. One group received an initial dose of Curosurf (200 mg/kg); the other group Survanta (100 mg/kg). @entity1 who remained dependent on artificial ventilation with an FIO2 of > or = 0.3 received up to two additional doses of Curosurf (each of 100 mg/kg) after 12 and 24 hours or up to three additional doses of Survanta (each of 100 mg/kg) between six and 48 hours after the initial dose. RESULTS: There was a rapid improvement in oxygenation and ventilatory requirements were reduced in both groups. However, @entity1 treated with Curosurf had a higher arterial:alveolar @entity26 tension ratio and required a lower peak inspiratory pressure and mean airway pressure at several time points within 24 hours of randomisation (p < 0.05-0.001). The incidences of pneumothorax in the Curosurf and Survanta groups were 6% and 12.5%, respectively; the corresponding figures for grades 3-4 @entity1779 were 3% and 12.5%, respectively. Mortality was 3% in the Curosurf group and 12.5% in the Survanta group. However, these differences did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: The Curosurf treatment regimen resulted in a more rapid improvement in oxygenation than Survanta and reduced ventilatory requirements up to 24 hours after start of treatment. This was associated with a trend towards reduced incidence of serious @entity358 .

title: Randomised clinical trial of two treatment regimens of natural surfactant preparations in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and non-pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: DESCRIPTION: A multidisciplinary group of Danish experts developed this guideline on management of @entity10189 . Sources of data included published studies up to March 2011. Quality of evidence and strength of recommendations have been graded. The guideline was approved by the Danish Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology September 4, 2011. RECOMMENDATIONS: Recommendations emphasize the importance of early and efficient resuscitation. Endoscopy should generally be performed within 24 hours, reducing operation rate, rebleeding rate and duration of in- @entity1 stay. When serious @entity1066 is suspected and blood found in gastric aspirate, endoscopy within 12 hours will result in faster discharge and reduced need for transfusions. Endoscopic hemostasis remains indicated for high-risk lesions. Clips, thermocoagulation, and @entity1425 injection are effective in achieving endoscopic hemostasis. Use of endoscopic monotherapy with @entity1425 injection is not recommended. Intravenous high-dose @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy for 72 hours after successful endoscopic hemostasis is recommended as it decreases both rebleeding rate and mortality in @entity1 with high-risk stigmata. Although selected @entity1 can be discharged promptly after endoscopy, high-risk @entity1 should be hospitalized for at least 3 days after endoscopic hemostasis. @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 who require secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis should start receiving @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) again as soon as cardiovascular risks outweigh @entity344 . @entity1 in need of continued treatment with @entity1281 or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug should be put on prophylactic treatment with @entity7371 at standard dosage. The combination of 75mg @entity1281 and PPI should be preferred to monotherapy with @entity1397 in patients needing anti-platelet therapy on the basis of indications other than coronary stents.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal risks']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With an aging but still active population, open @entity1171 are increasingly presenting as low energy @entity2100 , sharing many characteristics with that of @entity173 . Yet, there is little in the literature on the management and outcome of these @entity174 . The primary aim of this study was to describe the outcome following open, @entity1171 . Our secondary aim was to identify potential factors that improved outcome. METHODS: All consecutive, low energy open @entity1171 treated at a Level I Trauma Centre over a five-year period were included. The method of @entity174 fixation, soft tissue closure, @entity1 demographics, complications and mortality were recorded. Functional outcome was assessed using the Enneking Scoring system. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 61 @entity1 with a mean age of 73 years (range 27-100); 50 (82%) were females and all @entity1 requiring operative intervention. The overall rate of complication was 24.5% (n=15), with reoperation due to loss of reduction, non-union, @entity281 or amputation required in 7 cases (11.5%). The one-year mortality was 23%. The mean Enneking score, measuring functional outcome, was 36 out of 40 (SD: 6, range: 16-40). It was significantly higher for those treated with internal fixation (37, SD: 5 range: 16-40) than those with external fixation (31, SD: 6 range: 21-38) (p=0.01). Similarly, definitive wound closure - primary closure (37, SD: 5) or flap with split thickness skin graft (SSG) (36, SD: 6) - led to better outcomes than non-definitive closure (31, SD: 8). CONCLUSIONS: The high morbidity associated with low energy @entity1171 is likely to reflect the hosts' reserves and is comparable to other @entity174 seen in the elderly. It is evident that definitive @entity174 fixation providing absolute, rather than relative stability; and definitive wound cover, with either primary closure or flap and SSG, enable early mobilization and shorter hospital stays with improved overall functional outcomes.

title: Low energy open XXXX in the elderly: Outcome and treatment algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'ankle fragility fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility injuries']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity855 and @entity1425 on distribution of @entity63 hepatic tissue flow in the isolated perfused @entity35 liver. Five minutes after clamping both the portal vein and hepatic artery, perfusion was started. @entity3303 was infused into the portal vein, and the concentration of @entity3303 in hepatic outflow was measured with FPIA. The @entity26 extraction ratio was also measured. Tissue surface blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. We measured the tissue flow at 2 points: one where flow was more than 10 ml.min-1.100 gm liver @entity31204 (R), and the other where flow was less than 10 ml.min-1.100 gm liver @entity31204 (P). After perfusion pressure had become stable, @entity855 or @entity1425 was infused for 15 minutes. Perfusion pressure increased, and tissue flow of R decreased significantly, while that of P increased (not significantly). The extraction ratio of @entity3303 decreased significantly by @entity1425 , and that of @entity26 decreased (not significantly). We conclude that in the @entity63 liver, vasoconstriction results in changes in the distribution of tissue blood flow and alters drug metabolism.

title: [The effects of vasoconstrictors on distribution of XXXX tissue flow in isolated perfused @entity35 liver].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The incidence of second @entity5 ( @entity11280 's) was investigated in a group of 529 @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) treated at @entity580 ( @entity580 ). @entity11280 's were seen in 27 of these @entity1 giving an incidence rate three and a half times that expected in an age and sex matched normal population (p = much less than 0.001). The incidence rate was higher in those receiving multiple chemotherapy and radiotherapy for relapsed @entity978 compared with those receiving primary radiotherapy, chemotherapy or chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.02). However, the increased incidence rate in those @entity1 treated with chemotherapy on relapse, may reflect in part a delayed effect of their primary therapy, since the incidence rate in the primary treatment group only becomes significantly raised after six years. When allowance was made for this delay the difference between the two groups was no longer significant. The incidence rates for Non-Hodgkin's @entity706 were 32 and 57 times those expected, compared with only two and a half times the expected rate for non-haematological @entity11280 's (p = much less than 0.001). The four @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) all occurred within five years of treatment compared to wide-ranging intervals between treatment and occurrence of @entity11280 in the other groups. The increased incidence of @entity1893 may be an alternative expression of @entity706 rather than a treatment-related occurrence. Multiple @entity11280 's were diagnosed in three @entity1 . This represented a highly significant (p = much less than 0.001) increase over the expected incidence of multiple @entity5 in the general population. Several factors may contribute to the development of @entity11280 's in @entity978 , including an inherent disposition of @entity978 itself. The time-dependent incidence pattern of @entity11280 's with a delay followed by an increased incidence rate, suggests that treatment plays a key role. It is not yet clear whether more intensive, or multiple treatments add to the risk accrued for the initial treatment.

title: Second primary @entity5 in @entity1 treated for XXXX at @entity580 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma (NHL) and myelogenous leukaemia', 'lymphoid abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['SBH', "St Bartholomew's Hospital"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's Disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Cholera toxin exerts its effects on cells in large part through the @entity857 -ribosylation of @entity6370 -binding proteins. Toxin-catalyzed @entity857 -ribosylation is enhanced by approximately 20-kDa @entity6370 -binding proteins termed @entity857 -ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are allosteric activators of the toxin catalytic unit. Rabbit antiserum against a purified @entity291 brain ARF (sARF II) reacted on immunoblots with two approximately 20-kDa ARF-like proteins (sARF I and II) in tissue extracts from @entity291 , @entity35 , frog, and @entity1573 . Levels of ARF were higher in brain than in non-neural tissues. In @entity35 brain, on the second postnatal day, amounts of sARF I and II were similar. By the 10th postnatal day and thereafter, sARF II predominated. Relative levels of ARF determined by immunoreactivity were in agreement with levels assessed in functional assays of cholera toxin-catalyzed @entity857 -ribosylation. Based on @entity377 and deduced @entity535 sequences of @entity1 and @entity291 cDNAs, there appear to be at least six different ARF-like genes. Northern blots of @entity35 brain poly(A)+ RNA were hybridized with cDNA and oligonucleotide probes specific for each of the @entity1 and @entity291 ARF genes. From the second to the 27th postnatal day, @entity59519 mRNA increased, whereas mRNAs for ARFs 2 and 4 decreased; and those for ARFs 1, 5, and 6 were apparently unchanged. Partial @entity535 sequence of sARF II is consistent with it being either the @entity59520 gene product. The developmental changes in @entity35 brain ARF parallel neuronal maturation and synapse formation.

title: Differential expression during development of XXXX -ribosylation factors, 20-kDa @entity6370 -binding protein activators of cholera toxin.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity857 :: (MESH:D000244,Chemical) :: ['ADP']


abstract: The draft genome sequence of the @entity24799 @entity24799 facilitates the identification, expression analysis and phylogenetic classification of the amphibian globin gene repertoire. Frog and @entity1 @entity8343 display about 67% protein sequence identity, with the expected predominant expression in frog brain and eye. Frog and @entity1 cytoglobins share about 69% of their @entity1522 , but the frog protein lacks the @entity1 -type extension at the C-terminus. Like in mammals, @entity24799 cytoglobin is expressed in many organs including neural tissue. @entity57766 and cytoglobin genomic regions are syntenically conserved in all vertebrate classes. Frog and fish @entity57767 show only 57% @entity535 identity, but gene synteny analysis confirms orthology. The expression pattern of @entity1238 @entity57767 differs from that in fish, with a prominent expression in the eye and weak expression in most other examined tissues. @entity57767 is possibly present as two paralogous copies in @entity24799 , with one copy showing transition stages of non-functionalization. The amphibian genome contains a previously unknown globin type (tentatively named ' @entity57768 ) which is expressed in a broad range of tissues and is distantly related to the cytoglobin lineage. The @entity57768 gene is linked to a cluster of larval and adult hemoglobin alpha and beta genes which contains substantially more paralogous hemoglobin gene copies than previously published. Database and gene synteny analyses confirm the absence of a myoglobin gene in @entity24799 .

title: The amphibian globin gene repertoire as revealed by the XXXX genome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity24799 :: ('8364', 'Species') :: ['Western clawed frog', 'Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis', 'X. tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic, blistering and @entity792 , common in old age. The treatment usually includes systemic @entity230 , however, these cause high morbidity rates, and then different products that function as adjuvants have been tried. At present, there are no studies to determine which adjuvant offers a better efficacy and safety profile. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study which included the records of @entity1 with bullous pemphigoid, treated either with @entity500 or @entity3761 . We evaluated the time to achieve complete remission, the time to inhibit disease progression, and the control of @entity111 . RESULTS: Fifteen records of @entity1 were selected, eight (53%) treated with @entity500 and seven (47%) with @entity3761 . Complete remission was achieved at week six in both groups. We found no difference in the inhibition of disease progression (p=0.083). @entity111 was controlled at four weeks of treatment in both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Both products are effective as adjuvant in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, with an acceptable safety profile.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX and @entity3761 as an adjuvant in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1254 @entity32 and increases @entity688 mRNA expression in @entity1 macrophages. Thus, we investigated the possible relationship between plasma @entity1254 and @entity688 levels and the effects of a diet-induced moderate @entity353 on both cytokines. @entity1 AND STUDY DESIGN: Plasma @entity1254 and @entity688 levels were analyzed in 64 android [body mass index (BMI), > 28 kg/m2; waist to hip ratio (WHR), > or = 0.86] and 20 gynoid [BMI, > 28 kg/m2; WHR, < 0.86] @entity28 healthy @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 (49 +/- 14 yr) had a mean BMI of 37.1 +/- 5.3 kg/m2, similar to that of @entity28 @entity1 (49 +/- 11 yr; BMI, 33.4 +/- 2.6 kg/m2). Twenty nonobese control @entity1 (46 +/- 11 yr; BMI, 25.2 +/- 2.2 kg/m2) were also studied. In 15 @entity28 @entity1 , measurements were repeated after a 12-wk diet period (1200 kcal/d). RESULTS: Median @entity1254 [5.2 (range, 3.3-7.8) vs. 12.1 (9.7-13.9) vs. 15.0 (12.6-18.2) microg/ml; P < 0.0001] and @entity688 [1.8 (1.2-3.3) vs. 3.5 (2.9-4.3) and vs. 4.1 (3.5-4.8) pg/ml; P < 0.0001] levels were lower in android vs. gynoid vs. nonobese @entity1 . Among @entity28 @entity1 , low @entity1254 levels were independently related (P < 0.0001) to decreased @entity688 levels, independently of BMI, WHR, or insulin resistance. No significant change in either median @entity1254 or @entity688 levels was observed after body weight reduction (8 +/- 4 kg; P < 0.01), although percent changes in @entity1254 paralleled those in @entity688 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 is associated with a concomitant reduction of @entity688 and @entity1254 levels. However, the antiinflammatory status of @entity28 might require prolonged periods of energy-restricted diets to revert to normal.

title: Association between circulating XXXX and @entity688 levels in @entity28 : effects of @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inhibits vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Android obesity', 'Android obese', 'android obese', 'gynoid obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause stress response that increases levels of cytokine and @entity5733 in plasma, resulting in @entity4854 . In adults, it has been demonstrated that @entity1937 infusion during CPB could prevent increases of cytokine, @entity5733 , and blood @entity413 levels, but such effects of @entity1937 in @entity1 have not been elucidated. AIM: In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of @entity1937 on blood @entity413 and @entity880 levels during CPB in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included @entity1 who underwent @entity1757 or @entity118 closure. Data for @entity1 who did not receive, during CPB period, @entity1937 infusion (non-Remi group) and @entity1 who received @entity1937 infusion at 0.5  g/kg/min (Remi group) during CPB were used for analysis. Primary outcomes were @entity880 and blood @entity413 levels just before and after CPB. Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: During CPB, 13 and 11 @entity1 were allocated into Remi and non-Remi groups, respectively. Pre-CPB @entity880 and blood @entity413 levels were not significantly different between the two groups, but post-CPB @entity880 and blood @entity413 levels in the Remi group were significantly lower than that in the non-Remi group. CONCLUSION: 0.5  g/kg/min @entity1937 infusion during CPB suppresses the increases of blood @entity413 and @entity880 levels in @entity1 .

title: @entity1937 prevents increases of blood @entity413 and XXXX levels during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neobladder, using the intestine, was performed after neoadjuvant therapy and total cystectomy as a treatment for @entity150 . METHODS: Between January 1977 and April 1997, an ileocecal neobladder was used for 23 @entity1 and a sigmoid neobladder was chosen for use in 32 @entity1 . For the diagnosis of @entity150 and the evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, we used whole-layer core biopsy (WLCB) of the @entity150 and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes after bipedal lymphography. For neoadjuvant therapy, two to four courses of internal iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy (IIA) were undertaken in 32 @entity1 . Five @entity1 were treated with IIA combined with 40 Gy irradiation to the pelvic space. RESULTS: Pretreatment WLCB revealed a @entity5 of stage T2b or greater in 10 @entity1 . After neoadjuvant therapy, three @entity1 were down-staged to pT0. In five @entity1 , pretreatment FNAB revealed pelvic lymph node metastases that were not detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle aspiration biopsy post-neoadjuvant therapy revealed @entity5 stage N0 in all @entity1 and lymph node dissection revealed pN0 in four @entity1 . Of the five @entity1 who received 40 Gy irradiation, none had any @entity260 , such as @entity4570 or urinary leakage. Four male @entity1 (10%) had urethral recurrence, but all were successfully treated by transurethral resection. Two @entity1 treated prior to 1985 experienced local recurrence. Neither was treated by neoadjuvant therapy. Eight @entity1 who died after 1985 had @entity5 , but none had local recurrence. None of the @entity1 who received a sigmoid neobladder required clean intermittent catheterization or had bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant therapy seems to reduce local recurrence in @entity150 . The sigmoid colon may be suitable for neobladder.

title: Neoadjuvant therapy and bladder substitute for XXXX : 20 years experience at Tohoku University.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Care of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 has extended the expected survival far into adulthood. The morphological changes of adult @entity1577 @entity1 ' paranasal sinuses have not been thoroughly addressed. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of computed tomography imaging of adult @entity1577 @entity1 at an academic medical center. Developmental changes, bone @entity1463 , mucoceles, and degree of @entity32 (using a modified Lund-Mackay scoring system) were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were included in the study. The majority of frontal and sphenoid sinuses were either aplastic or hypoplastic. @entity3573 was less commonly seen. Seven @entity1 had mucoceles. @entity1463 of the sinuses was a common finding, affecting 84.4% of @entity1 . @entity32 of the sinuses was also common, with a median modified Lund-Mackay score of 15.0 (out of a median 20 possible). CONCLUSION: Poor development of the sinuses seen in pediatric @entity1577 @entity1 persists into adulthood. @entity32 of the sinuses is a common finding. Bone @entity1463 , likely caused by @entity32 , affects a large majority of these @entity1 .

title: Radiological sinonasal findings in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosis', 'sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['Maxillary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: @entity18644 ( @entity18644 ), or @entity18644 , is a @entity2315 caused by a deficiency in the enzyme beta-glucuronidase. Various clinical phenotypes of this autosomal recessively @entity74 have been described. Recent isolation and characterization of @entity1 beta-glucuronidase cDNA and the genomic sequences facilitate analysis of molecular defects underlying the different phenotypes, and eight mutations in the beta-glucuronidase gene have been described. This report summarizes studies characterizing four new mutations in two Caucasian @entity1 with a severe form of @entity18644 . Three are point mutations, resulting in two missense and one nonsense change, and one is a 38 bp deletion. The first @entity1 was a compound heterozygote having @entity62641 and @entity62642 alleles. The second @entity1 was a compound heterozygote of @entity62643 and a 38 bp deletion at position 1642-1679 in exon 10( @entity62644 38nt). The 38 bp deletion was caused by a single base change mutation in exon 10 that generates a new, premature 5' splice site. Expression of mutant cDNAs encoding each of the four mutations showed that all four resulted in a severe reduction of beta-glucuronidase activity, indicating that these mutations are responsible for the reduced enzyme activity in @entity1 cells. These four previously undescribed mutations provide further evidence for the broad molecular heterogeneity in @entity18644 .

title: Four novel mutations in XXXX including a unique base substitution in exon 10 of the beta-glucuronidase gene that creates a novel 5'-splice site.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII', 'Sly syndrome', 'MPS VII']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

answer: @entity18644 :: (MESH:D016538,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type VII']


abstract: PURPOSE: During the past eight to ten years most surgeons have adopted the double-stapled technique to accomplish the pouch-anal @entity254 in restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 . Little attention has been focused on the functional implications of retaining a segment of diseased columnar mucosa in the upper anal canal. The aim of this study was to investigate clinically significant @entity32 in the columnar cuff. METHOD: In all, 113 @entity1 were studied and 715 biopsies were performed during a 2.5-year period. Biopsy specimens were taken from two or three sites, including the columnar cuff, @entity4628 , and anal transitional zone. @entity32 was scored for biopsy specimens from all three sites and compared with endoscopic assessment and pouch function. RESULTS: In the columnar cuff acute histologic @entity32 was found in 13 percent of @entity1 , and in 9 percent this was symptomatic during follow-up and was accompanied by evidence of endoscopic @entity32 . Most @entity1 had mild @entity32 in the cuff that persisted over time. @entity32 in the pouch, pouch frequency, and anastomotic height were not related to columnar cuff @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Cuffitis is a cause of @entity409 after a double-stapled restorative proctocolectomy. We propose a triad of diagnostic criteria, including symptoms and @entity32 .

title: "Cuffitis" and inflammatory changes in the columnar cuff, anal transitional zone, and ileal reservoir after stapled pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'endoscopic and histologic inflammation', 'Acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pouch dysfunction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: 1) To measure the one year cumulative incidence of @entity308 after @entity385 event and 2) to compare its incidence with that of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) in an outpatient neurology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity64 @entity1 were recruited after their first diagnosis and @entity191 @entity1 were recruited during the same recruitment period. Main measures included: 1) disability (Barthel Index and Modified Rankin Scale), 2) cognitive function (Thai Mental State Examination and 3) @entity308 (Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised). The @entity1 were assessed at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity64 @entity1 with hemispheric @entity1188 and 59 @entity191 @entity1 were recruited. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable except that @entity64 @entity1 were 4 years younger. The cumulative one year incidence of @entity308 was 12% after @entity64 and 5.1% in @entity191 with no significant difference. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk for @entity308 among @entity64 cohort was almost three times higher, although not statistically significant, than that among @entity191 cohort (hazard ratio 2.92). In @entity64 , @entity308 mainly occurred within 3 months after the event but in @entity191 , @entity308 developed randomly throughout the follow up period. CONCLUSION: The one year cumulative incidence of @entity64 in the Thai population is much lower than in the Caucasian population. However, its adjusted cumulative incidence was much higher to that of @entity191 . The findings are in line with previous studies that @entity64 significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity308 .

title: A prospective study in one year cumulative incidence of @entity308 after XXXX and @entity191 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a sensitive, specific scale for quantifying functional @entity1282 in @entity64 @entity1 , using results obtained from videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. DESIGN: Data collected from a serial oral and pharyngeal videofluoroscopic swallowing study. SETTING: A @entity1282 clinic in a department of rehabilitation medicine at a tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : One hundred three consecutively admitted @entity64 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Videoflurorscopy to measure a scale of 11 variables: lip closure score, bolus formation, residue in oral cavity, oral transit time, triggering of pharyngeal swallow, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure, nasal penetration, residue in valleculae, coating of pharyngeal wall after swallow, and pharyngeal transit time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polychotomous linear logistic regression analysis of videofluoroscopic and @entity1173 results. Scale sensitivity and specificity, and the correlation between the total score of the scale and @entity1173 grade were analyzed. RESULTS: The scale's sensitivity and specificity for detecting supraglottic penetration and subglottic @entity1173 were 81%, 70.7%, and 78.1%, 77.9%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the scale's total score and the severity of @entity1173 (Spearman's r =.58943, p =.00001). CONCLUSION: This functional @entity1282 scale, which was based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study in @entity64 @entity1 , is a sensitive and specific method for quantifying the severity of @entity1282 .

title: Quantifying swallowing function after XXXX : A functional @entity1282 scale based on videofluoroscopic studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) @entity1 both hippocampi are @entity410 onset zones. These @entity1 are unsuitable candidates for @entity302 surgery but may be amenable to hippocampal deep brain stimulation (DBS). The optimal DBS parameters for these @entity1 are unknown. Recent observations suggest that even in @entity1 with a unilateral focus switching from unilateral hippocampal DBS to bilateral hippocampal DBS could improve @entity410 control. OBJECTIVE: Compare the effect of unilateral with bilateral hippocampal DBS on @entity410 in a @entity35 model for @entity1315 . METHODS: In the post @entity159 ( @entity159 ) @entity4176 @entity35 model for @entity1315 continuous EEG monitoring was performed for 50 days during which @entity35 were subjected to 10 days of unilateral and 10 days of bilateral Poisson-distributed high frequency hippocampal DBS in a cross-over trial. During bilateral DBS, each hippocampus was stimulated with a separate stimulator and its own generated Poisson distribution with a mean and variance of 1/130  s. RESULTS: Electrographic @entity410 rate was 23% lower during bilateral compared to unilateral hippocampal DBS (P  <  0.05). No effect of unilateral nor bilateral hippocampal DBS was observed on @entity410 duration. When bilateral hippocampal DBS was applied, lower stimulation intensities were required to evoke after discharges (P  <  0.05), reflecting a higher potency of bilateral hippocampal DBS compared to unilateral hippocampal DBS to affect hippocampal networks. CONCLUSIONS: Superior outcome in @entity410 control with bilateral compared to unilateral hippocampal DBS indicates that targeting larger regions of the hippocampal formation with more than one stimulation electrode may be more successful in suppressing @entity410 in @entity1315 .

title: In search of optimal DBS paradigms to treat @entity302 : bilateral versus unilateral hippocampal stimulation in a @entity35 model for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown a relationship between elevated levels of @entity1255 and @entity455 including @entity64 and @entity583 . We evaluated @entity1 with a recent @entity2994 to determine if there was an associated elevation of @entity1255 . DESIGN: Age and gender matched case-controlled study. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with @entity732 within the previous 6-month period and 40 control @entity1 without @entity732 were enrolled in the study. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with a history of @entity2994 underwent laboratory testing to determine serum @entity1255 levels. In addition, a health survey was completed and several laboratory tests relating to @entity455 including @entity165 were checked. Two control groups were selected. The first group included @entity1 with @entity6 and no history of @entity989 . The second control group included @entity7964 @entity1 who also had no prior history of @entity989 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main parameter measured in this study is fasting @entity1255 . RESULTS: Fifteen of 20 @entity1 (75%) with @entity2994 had an elevated fasting serum @entity1255 level, whereas only 5 of 40 control @entity1 (13%) had an abnormal @entity1255 level (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity732 have higher levels of @entity1255 , which may serve as a modifiable risk factor.

title: @entity1255 : a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion disease']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal venous occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['retinal venous occlusive disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Israeli population has a unique genetic make-up, with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages and @entity74 . In rod-dominated phenotypes, disease-causing genes and mutations that differ from those identified in other populations often are incurred. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify @entity74 in Israeli families with cone-dominated retinal phenotypes. METHODS: Clinical analysis included family history, detailed ocular examination, visual function testing, and retinal imaging. Whole exome sequencing, followed by segregation analysis, was performed in 6 cone-dominated @entity989 families in which prior mutation analysis did not reveal the causative gene. Based on the WES findings, we screened 106 additional families with cone-dominated phenotypes. RESULTS: The WES analysis revealed mutations in known @entity989 genes in five of the six families: two pathogenic mutations in the @entity37188 gene in three families, and one each in @entity58445 and @entity13735 . Targeted screening of additional cone-dominated families led to identification of @entity37188 mutations in four other families, which included two highly probable novel disease-causing variants. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that @entity37188 is a major cause of autosomal dominant cone and @entity6391 in Israel; this is similar to other Caucasian populations and is in contrast with @entity6391 ( @entity66 ), where the genetic make-up of the Israeli population is distinct from other ethnic groups. We also conclude that WES permits more comprehensive and rapid analyses that can be followed by targeted screens of larger samples to delineate the genetic structure of @entity989 in unique population cohorts.

title: Whole exome sequencing reveals XXXX as a major gene associated with cone and @entity6391 in Israel.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary rod disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'cone-rod dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive diseases', 'genetic defects']

answer: @entity37188 :: (3000,Gene) :: ['GUCY2D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of suitability of flexible composite sheets ( @entity692 and polymer) for outer ear canal (OEC) wall reconstruction in tympanoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, open label pilot study. SETTING: University and regional hospital. @entity1 : Forty-two randomly selected @entity1 with @entity102 media (n = 20) and @entity3540 (n = 22) among 356 @entity1 admitted between 1996 and 1997. INTERVENTIONS: Eradication of disease through a partial or total canal wall down mastoidectomy; immediate reconstruction of canal wall with flexible composite sheet ( @entity692 and polymer) and connective tissue graft. OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic integrity of the OEC and neotympanum, extrusion rate, complications. RESULTS: At minimum follow-up of 24 months: recurrent @entity3540 (n = 0), residual @entity3540 (n = 3/22) (13.6%) in the mesotympanum (none behind the @entity692 sheet or in the attic or antrum). The neotympanum was intact in 38 ears (90.4%), reperforated in 2, and severely retracted and lateralized in 1, respectively. Anatomic integrity of the OEC was obtained in 37 (88%) of 42 @entity1 ; @entity850 or membranous synechiae were observed in 5 ears and treated in the office. Extrusion of the @entity692 sheet occurred in 7 @entity1 (16.6%) because of purulent @entity2972 and granulation tissue formation. Surgical revision achieved complete epithelialization of the rebuilt canal wall in 33 ears (78.6%). CONCLUSIONS: A dry, disease-free ear and normal anatomy may be expected 2 years postoperatively in more than three-fourths of the @entity1 treated using the described surgical technique. Complete protection with a connective tissue graft is essential to avoid extrusion of the implant. The failure rate is significantly higher if @entity2972 is present at the time of the operation.

title: Surgical repair of bone defects of the ear canal wall with flexible XXXX sheets: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxylapatite']


abstract: To counter systemic risk of @entity281 by parasitic wasps, @entity238 larvae activate humoral immunity in the fat body and mount a robust cellular response resulting in encapsulation of the wasp egg. Innate immune reactions are tightly regulated and are resolved within hours. To understand the mechanisms underlying activation and resolution of the egg encapsulation response and examine if failure of the latter develops into systemic inflammatory disease, we correlated parasitic wasp-induced changes in the @entity238 larva with systemic chronic conditions in sumoylation-deficient mutants. We have previously reported that loss of either Cactus, the @entity238 (IkB) protein or @entity58032 , the SUMO-conjugating enzyme, leads to constitutive activation of the humoral and cellular pathways, hematopoietic overproliferation and tumorogenesis. Here we report that parasite @entity281 simultaneously activates NF-kB-dependent transcription of Sp  tzle processing enzyme (SPE) and cactus. Endogenous Sp  tzle protein (the @entity36803 ligand) is expressed in immune cells and excessive SPE or Sp  tzle is pro-inflammatory. Consistent with this function, loss of Spz suppresses @entity58032    defects. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory roles of SPE and Sp  tzle, Cactus and @entity58032 exert an anti-inflammatory effect. We show that @entity58032 maintains steady state levels of Cactus protein. In a series of immuno-genetic experiments, we demonstrate the existence of a robust bidirectional interaction between blood cells and the fat body and propose that wasp @entity281 activates @entity36803 signaling in both compartments via extracellular activation of Sp  tzle. Within each organ, the IkB/ @entity58032 -dependent inhibitory feedback resolves immune signaling and restores homeostasis. The loss of this feedback leads to @entity32 . Our studies not only provide an integrated framework for understanding the molecular basis of the evolutionary arms race between insect hosts and their parasites, but also offer insights into developing novel strategies for medical and agricultural pest control.

title: Role for sumoylation in systemic @entity32 and immune homeostasis in XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Juxtahepatic inferior vena cava injuries are often lethal. Various operative strategies have been used to improve outcome, but the mortality rate reported in the literature is 80 percent or more. The atriocaval shunt has been advocated for isolation of bleeding retrohepatic vena cava, but recent reports suggest that mortality might be even higher in @entity1 selected for shunting, perhaps owing to ongoing @entity548 because of indecision and delay prior to insertion, or to technical difficulty with insertion. A series of @entity1 with juxtahepatic inferior vena cava injuries treated successfully with total vascular isolation and occlusion were studied. STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive series of 10 @entity1 with penetrating @entity131 were treated at an urban, university-affiliated Level I @entity130 center. A rapid and direct approach was used along with isolation techniques similar to those used in liver transplantation and elective resection for @entity5 . As resuscitation continued, repair of the inferior vena cava was accomplished in a bloodless field, created by manual compression of the liver, wide exposure, portal inflow occlusion, and proximal and distal control of the inferior vena cava. Aggressive fluid resuscitation and transient aortic cross-clamping controlled resulting systemic @entity551 . RESULTS: Mean injury severity score was 26 and mean penetrating @entity1661 index score was 28. After exposure, three @entity1 had tangential injuries controlled by undersewing a partially occluding clamp. Subdiaphragmatic aortic cross-clamping was performed if total occlusion of the inferior vena cava reduced systolic blood pressure to 60 mm Hg, which was necessary in the remaining seven @entity1 . Nine @entity1 survived surgery, and seven of nine survived to hospital discharge. One @entity204 was a result of @entity881 , and the other of necrotizing @entity2028 . CONCLUSIONS: Total @entity432 with selective use of aortic cross-clamping yielded 70 percent survival in an injury that historically has been associated with survival of 20 percent or less. Minimization of @entity63 is accomplished by occluding the aorta only after complete isolation of the inferior vena cava.

title: Management of penetrating juxtahepatic inferior vena cava injuries under XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the juxtahepatic inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['total vascular occlusion']