abstract: This study investigated the occurrence of @entity73 1 and 6 months after @entity64 in a cohort of @entity1 with a first-ever @entity64 . In addition, it was investigated whether age, sex and level of education are risk factors for vascular @entity73 . Memory, simple speed, @entity73 and overall cognitive functioning were examined in 139 @entity1 at 1 and 6 months post- @entity64 . Inclusion criteria on admission were first @entity64 , age>/=40, no other @entity16 and ability to communicate. Mean age was 69.3 years (S.D.=12.3). @entity1 were compared with a healthy control group matched for age, sex and level of education. A large group of @entity1 who, at 1 month after @entity64 , scored below the cutoff on cognitive domains, scored above the cutoff on most of these cognitive domains at 6 months. For overall cognitive functioning, 16 out of 39, for memory, 13 out of 26 and for @entity73 , 15 out of 49 @entity1 , who at 1 month scored below the cutoff, scored above the cutoff at 6 months. Simple speed did not change; 12 @entity1 scored above the cutoff and 7 @entity1 scored below the cutoff at 6 months after @entity64 . Speaking in terms of improvement or deterioration, most @entity1 remained stable on the four cognitive domains (ranging from 37.6% to 83.5%), and a substantial group improved (ranging from 12.9% to 52.1%). Older and female @entity1 had more @entity73 . Overall, the conclusion is that the prognosis of cognitive functioning after @entity64 is general favourable, especially in younger @entity1 .

title: Vascular @entity73 : memory, mental speed and @entity73 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive disturbances', 'cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BackgroundThere has been a rapid increase in the publication of guidelines for managing @entity28 and @entity1017 during pregnancy over the past five years. Healthcare professionals have identified multiple barriers to this area of practice, including the need to improve their communication skills, beliefs that pregnant @entity1 will have negative reactions to weight-related discussions, and a lack of weight management knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify: the effectiveness of interventions in changing healthcare professionals   practice relating to maternal @entity28 or weight management during pregnancy; and which behaviour change techniques and modes of intervention delivery have been used in interventions to date.FindingsThe search strategy included searching electronic databases, trial registers, and citation searching. Inclusion criteria were intervention studies targeted towards changing healthcare professionals   practice in relation to maternal @entity28 or weight management. The searches identified 3,608 studies. However, no eligible completed studies were identified. One registered Canadian randomised controlled trial was identified. The trial includes a training intervention for family physicians with the aim of supporting adherence to gestational @entity1017 guidelines. The trial had not yet commenced therefore no effectiveness data were available.ConclusionsThe current focus of maternal @entity28 and weight management research is targeted towards changing pregnant @entity1  s behaviours. These interventions do not address the multiple healthcare professionals   barriers to maternal @entity28 and weight management practice. Further research is required to identify the most effective approaches to support healthcare professionals to implement maternal @entity28 and weight management guidelines into practice.

title: Interventions to change maternity healthcare professionals   behaviours to promote weight-related support for obese pregnant XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The @entity4235 test is used to test the @entity1636 . The present study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of combined stimulation of ACTH and compound-S (CMP-S). In addition, we analyzed the safety and practicability of this test as an outpatient procedure. A total of 327 @entity4235 tests were analyzed retrospectively in 185 @entity1 (mean age, 50.3 +/- 15.2 yr). One hundred thirteen @entity1 had one test, and 72 @entity1 had between 2 and 6 tests over 1-3 yr. Most @entity1 suffered from @entity977 (60 macroadenomas, 63 microadenomas) or other @entity4611 (n = 29). @entity4235 (2 g) was given at 2400 h as an outpatient procedure. Blood samples for analysis of ACTH, CMP-S, and @entity701 were taken at 0730 h. Stimulation of adrenal CMP-S and @entity701 by pituitary ACTH demonstrated a dose-response curve with the shape of half a geometric parabola. CMP-S reached a plateau when ACTH rose above 175 ng/liter [r = 0.661, P < 0.0001 for ACTH <175 ng/liter; r = 0.083, P = not significant (NS) for ACTH >175 ng/liter], @entity701 flattened at ACTH levels above 230 ng/liter (r = 0.633; P < 0.0001 for ACTH < 230 ng/liter; P = NS for ACTH >230 ng/liter). Alternatively, the sum of CMP-S plus @entity701 also flattened when ACTH rose above 230 ng/liter (r = 0.696; P < 0.0001 for ACTH <230; P = NS for ACTH > 230 ng/liter). Receiver operating curve analysis defining a cut-off for ACTH at 150 ng/liter demonstrated a sensitivity of 47% and 67% at a cut-off level for CMP-S at 200 or 260 nmol/liter, respectively. The respective specificity was 82% and 68% for CMP-S. This compared with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 69% if the sum of CMP-S plus @entity701 of 450 nmol/liter were used as cut-off. The response curve between CMP-S and ACTH implies a maximally stimulated adrenal cortex at circulating ACTH levels above 175 ng/liter. Single measurement of CMP-S using the cut-off at 200 nmol/liter, as suggested in the literature, yields a poor sensitivity of only 47% compared with ACTH. Despite the relatively high cross-reactivity of CMP-S in the @entity701 assay, the sum of CMP-S and @entity701 levels with a cut-off value of 450 nmol/liter yields a better diagnostic accuracy compared with CMP-S alone.

title: Combined stimulation of adrenocorticotropin and compound-S by single dose XXXX test as an outpatient procedure to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone', 'Metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity4235 :: (MESH:D008797,Chemical) :: ['metyrapone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that a high-dose inactivated @entity683 vaccine (IIV- @entity2033 ) was 24.2% more efficacious than a standard-dose inactivated @entity683 vaccine (IIV-SD) in preventing laboratory-confirmed symptomatic @entity683 in adults >= 65 years. Here we evaluate the effectiveness of IIV- @entity2033 compared to IIV-SD in preventing serious illnesses considered potential sequelae or complications of @entity281 . METHODS: The original study was a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, multicenter trial. @entity1 were adults >= 65 years randomized to receive IIV- @entity2033 or IIV-SD, and followed for 6-8 months post-vaccination for the occurrence of @entity683 and @entity137 ( @entity137 ). @entity137 were events: leading to @entity204 or hospitalization (or its prolongation); considered life-threatening or medically important; or resulting in disability. For the present analysis, reported @entity137 were classified as possibly related to @entity683 by three blinded physicians and rates per 1000 @entity1 -seasons were calculated. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) was estimated as (1-Rate Ratio)*100. RESULTS: 31,989 @entity1 were enrolled, with 15,991 and 15,998 randomized to receive IIV- @entity2033 and IIV-SD, respectively. IIV- @entity2033 was significantly more effective than IIV-SD in preventing @entity137 possibly related to @entity683 overall (rVE, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6-27.4%) and serious @entity55 (rVE, 39.8%; 95% CI, 19.3-55.1%). Borderline significance was observed for the efficacy of IIV- @entity2033 relative to IIV-SD for the prevention of all-cause hospitalizations (rVE, 6.9%; 95% CI, 0.5-12.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to IIV-SD, IIV- @entity2033 reduced the risk of @entity137 possibly related to @entity683 . The observed relative effectiveness against serious @entity55 is particularly noteworthy considering the burden of @entity55 in older adults.

title: Prevention of serious events in adults 65 years of age or older: A comparison between high-dose and standard-dose inactivated XXXX vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['serious adverse events', 'SAEs']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'influenza and pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of @entity172 - @entity1871 replacement therapy and exercise on the lumbar spine mobility and back symptoms of early postmenopausal @entity1 . The population sample consisted of 78 healthy, 49- to 55-year-old @entity1 , 0.5-5 years after menopause, who were randomized into three groups, two receiving different protocols of @entity2691 combined with @entity11796 replacement therapy, and the third group a placebo. These groups were then randomized into exercise and control cases and monitored for 2 years. The mobility of the lumbar spine was measured and symptoms investigated using the Million and @entity158 and disability questionnaires and @entity158 drawings at the baseline and after 1 and 2 years. During the follow-up, the mobility of the lumbar spine decreased in all six groups. The decrease was most evident in those who had been the most flexible at baseline (P < 0.0001). The decrease was less notable in the hormone replacement therapy groups than in the control group. When the replacement therapy groups were pooled together, the difference was significant at a P < 0.05 level. No difference was seen between the hormone combinations. The exercise intervention was insufficient to influence lumbar spine mobility. Only sporadic cases of back symptoms appeared and disappeared among the subjects during the follow-up, and no preventive or aggravating effects of hormone replacement therapy or the exercise program on symptoms were detected.

title: Influence of XXXX -progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity2299 , a disorder in the levels of cholesterol or lipoproteins in the plasma, is a feature of @entity731 , leading to @entity65 . The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Tanerella forsythia and @entity14148 are related to reduced levels of antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL). Method and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 108 @entity1 were invited to participate. The diagnosis of @entity7278 and the diagnosis of adipose tissue disorders were made based on criteria previously defined. The presence of @entity3289 and @entity14148 was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 61 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 with @entity7278 , and 18 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 without @entity2521 were studied. The serum levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Inversely, the levels of @entity40582 ( @entity40582 ) were higher in @entity2521 @entity1 compared to subjects without @entity2521 (178 mg/dL vs 165 mg/dL; P < .05), and the levels of HDL were lower (44 mg/dL vs 50 mg/dL; P < .05), respectively. The presence of @entity14148 was associated with low levels of HDL in @entity2521 @entity1 after adjustment for possible confounders (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.2-7.2). Conclusion: Higher levels of @entity40582 and lower levels of HDL were associated with the presence of @entity14148 in @entity7278 . These results may suggest that the presence of @entity14148 could reduce the antiatherogenic potency of HDL and may increase the risk for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity7278 .

title: Association between the presence of @entity14148 and reduced levels of antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['T denticola', 'Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity40582 :: ('MESH:C566031', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity5513 has been improved by advancements in microsurgical techniques and in radiosurgery. To further elucidate the degree of clinical improvement, we evaluated the treatment results of a combination of surgery and radiosurgery for large @entity5513 . METHODS: From January 1994 through December 2000, we treated 14 @entity1 with large @entity5513 using a combination of surgery and radiosurgery. Of these, 8 were male and 6 were female @entity1 , with an average age of 47 years (range, 18-64). The average maximum diameter of the @entity5 was 42 mm (range, 30-58 mm). All @entity1 underwent operations using the retrosigmoid approach, and one @entity1 was retreated using the transpetrosal transtentorial approach. The @entity5 were removed subtotally in thirteen @entity1 and partially in one who had a very large hypervascular @entity5513 . There were no mortality and no surgical complications, such as @entity548 or CSF leakage. @entity86 was avoided in 10 @entity1 (71%). Radiosurgery was performed 1 to 6 months (mean, 2.9 months) after surgery. At the time of radiosurgery, the treatment size (mean diameter) became 19.2 mm (range, 9.8-36.1 mm). The average @entity5 marginal dose was 12.1Gy (range, from 10-14 Gy). The mean follow-up period was 32 months after radiosurgery. RESULTS: The @entity5 size decreased in 6 @entity1 , unchanged in 5 @entity1 , and increased in 3 @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 (7%) with extra large @entity5 needed surgical resection 1 year after radiosurgery. Excellent facial nerve function (House _ Brackmann Grade I or II) was preserved in 12 @entity1 (85.7%) in the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of large @entity5513 , subtotal removal and subsequent radiosurgery is one option for maintaining cranial nerve function and long-term @entity5 growth control.

title: Surgery combined with radiosurgery of large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative facial palsy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiac remodelling in @entity6 includes pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix and myocyte @entity1184 that contribute to @entity299 . Attenuation of remodelling represents a potential therapeutic target. We tested this hypothesis using a new anti-fibrotic drug, @entity65304 (Fibrotech Therapeutics Pty Ltd), on @entity6 Ren-2 @entity35 , a model which replicates many of the structural and functional manifestations of @entity13088 in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Homozygous Ren-2 @entity35 were randomized to receive @entity3839 or vehicle then further randomized to @entity65304 (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle treatment for 6 weeks. Prior to tissue collection, cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Total collagen deposition and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 were assessed by picrosirius red and @entity6175 and @entity1711 staining, respectively. Macrophage interstitial infiltration and type I and III collagen were quantitated by immunostaining. Without affecting blood pressure or hyperglycaemia, treatment of @entity6 @entity35 with @entity65304 significantly attenuated @entity82 (total collagen, 5.09   1.28 vs, 2.42   0.43%/area; type I collagen, 4.09   1.16 vs. 1.42   0.38%/area; type III collagen, 1.52   0.33 vs. 0.71   0.14 %/area; P < 0.05), cardiomyocyte @entity1184 (882   38 vs. 659   28   m(2); P < 0.05), and interstitial macrophage influx (66   5.3 vs, 44   7.9 number/section; P < 0.05). Cardiac @entity384 was normalized, as evidenced by reduced left ventricular inner diameter at diastole (0.642   0.016 vs. 0.577   0.024 cm), increased ejection fraction (75   1.1 vs. 83   1.2%) and preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship (44   6.7 vs. 77   6.3 slope-mmHg; P < 0.05), and reduced end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (0.059   0.011 vs. 0.02   0.003 slope-mmHg/ L; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A direct anti-fibrotic agent, @entity65304 , attenuates @entity299 in experimental @entity13088 . This represents a novel therapy for the treatment of @entity13088 associated with cardiac @entity82 and @entity1184 .

title: @entity65304 , a new anti-fibrotic drug, attenuates @entity82 and chronic heart failure in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodelling and dysfunction', 'heart dysfunction']

answer: @entity13088 :: (MESH:D058065,Disease) :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Penicillium verrucosum is a fungus that can produce @entity26244 and @entity22443 , two structurally related nephrotoxic mycotoxins. P. verrucosum usually occurs on @entity3505 but can occasionally also be found in @entity1219 rich habitats such as salted cheeses or olives, indicating that this fungus can adapt to different environments. The ratio of @entity26244 to @entity22443 produced by P. verrucosum is shifted to one of either mycotoxin at the expense of the other dependent on the environmental conditions. High @entity1219 concentrations shift secondary metabolite biosynthesis towards @entity26244 production. P. verrucosum copes with @entity1219 stress by increased @entity26244 biosynthesis, ensuring @entity2865 homeostasis. @entity26244 carries @entity3878 in its molecule and can excrete @entity3878 from the cell. It was further shown that the regulation of @entity26244 by high @entity1219 conditions is mediated by the HOG MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Here it is shown that high oxidative stress conditions, evoked for example by increasing concentrations of @entity8863 cations in the growth medium, shift secondary metabolite biosynthesis of P. verrucosum from @entity26244 to @entity22443 . The production of @entity22443 normalizes the oxidative status of the fungal cell under oxidative stress conditions leading to an adaptation to these environmental conditions and protects against increased oxidative stress caused by increased @entity8863 concentrations. Moreover @entity22443 also protects against light of short wavelength, which may also increase the oxidative status of the environment. The biosynthesis of @entity22443 is apparently regulated by a @entity268 /PKA signaling pathway, because increasing amounts of external @entity268 reduce @entity22443 biosynthesis in a concentration dependent manner. These conditions lead to the cross-regulation of the @entity26244 / @entity22443 secondary metabolite pair and support the adaptation of P. verrucosum to different environments.

title: Oxidative stress induces the biosynthesis of XXXX by Penicillium verrucosum at the expense of ochratoxin.

entities_list: @entity26244 :: ('MESH:C025589', 'Chemical') :: ['ochratoxin A', 'Ochratoxin A']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity22443 :: (MESH:D002953,Chemical) :: ['citrinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a benefit of magnetic resonance (MR)-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for follow-up after liver radiofrequency (RF) ablation. However, no data are available concerning acute changes of DWI characteristics immediately after RF ablation. PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the MR-diffusion characteristics of pre-interventional hepatic @entity5 and the ablation zone during successful MR-guided RF ablation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the local institutional review board. Forty-seven @entity1 with 29 @entity157 (24 @entity1 ) and 30 hepatic @entity3 (23 @entity1 ) underwent MR-guided radiofrequency ablation including DWI before and immediately after ablation (b   =   50, 400, 800   s/mm(2)). Two reviewers (A and B) analyzed DWI with focus on detectability of the @entity5 before ablation and characteristics of the coagulative area after treatment. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was compared between liver, untreated @entity5 , and hyperintense areas in post-ablative DWI (b   =   800   s/mm(2)) with the paired Student's t-test. RESULTS: Pre-ablative: the reviewers classified 19/29 (A) and 23/29 (B) @entity157 and 25/30 (A and B) @entity3 as detectable in DWI. Post-ablative: a hyperintense rim surrounding the ablation zone was observed in 28/29 treated @entity157 and 30/30 treated @entity3 (A and B). A homogenous hypointense central ablation zone was found in 18/29 (A) and 20/29 (B) treated @entity157 and 17/30 (A _ B) treated @entity3 in DWI. ADC of the rim was significantly lower than ADC of the liver (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: DWI enables @entity227 in MR-guided liver radiofrequency ablation in most cases. A common post-ablative DWI finding is a hyperintense rim with decreased ADC surrounding the ablation zone.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging during MR-guided radiofrequency ablation of hepatic XXXX : analysis of immediate pre- and post-ablative diffusion characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visualization of the target tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Contradictory results have been found for the impact of therapist's adherence and competence on intervention outcomes. Most studies focus on generic aspects of competence and adherence, rather than taking into account treatment-specific aspects or specific challenges of the clientele. Appropriate analyses are lacking for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with caregivers of @entity1 with @entity303 . METHOD: In a sample of 43 caregivers, we examined adherence and different competence ratings of 80 complete sessions, as predictors of symptom change and goal attainment. Therapist's competence was evaluated by four raters, using an adapted version of the cognitive therapy scale (CTS) on three subscales of competence: @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ), session-structuring (SS), and treatment-specific CBT technique (CT). Therapist's adherence to the manual was also assessed. RESULTS: The results show that @entity6191 competencies were associated with lower post-test @entity308 scores and that CT competencies predicted a decrease in caregiver burden and higher goal attainment, while SS competencies predicted higher post-test burden. Therapist's adherence had no relationship to outcome, but the higher application of modifying dysfunctional thoughts was associated with higher goal attainment. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the importance of treatment-specific competencies for outcome. Future research should identify empirically what kind of therapeutic behavior is appropriate to the challenges of a specific clientele such as caregivers of @entity1 with @entity303 .

title: The effects of treatment adherence and treatment-specific therapeutic competencies on outcome and goal attainment in telephone-based therapy with caregivers of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['General therapeutic', 'GT']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Atrial to control reinfection cycle of @entity9124 was made in a rural village in Korea by blocking the process of new egg production. Chemotherapy with @entity12471 was repeated bimonthly in three hamlet groups, each consisted of 105~149 inhabitants of whole age group. In one hamlet (2.5 mg/kg dose) blanket mass treatment was repeated for 18 times from June 1977 to May 1980. In other two, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg/kg dose groups, treatment was undertaken for 10 times from June 1977 until December 1987 and later reinfection patten was observed. Follow-up examination was made by whole-day stool collection for 2 days from each case after every treatment. The samples were examined both for eggs and worms, adult and immature young, of A. lumbricoides. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The pre-treatment egg positive rate in Group A, B and C was 48.1, 45.3 an 37.8% respectively. 2. The lowest dose of @entity12471 , 2.5 mg/kg was equally effective as higher doses in case of repeated use for reinfection control. 3. Among 4,311 pyrantel treatments, only 8 cases complained of side effects such as @entity490 and @entity294 . 4. When the blanket mass chemotherapy was continued 18 times in Group A, all of the examined inhabitants were free from reinfection and egg production from 28th month (the 15th treatment) until the end of study period, for 8 months. 5. When the mass chemotherapy was stopped after 10 times, the egg positive rate returned gradually up to half of pre-treatment level within one year. 6. From the analysis of total 124 positive cases during the course of follow-up, it was revealed that the mass chemotherapy with 2-month interval was successful for the suppression of fertilized egg production. However, social factors such as infected immigrants or absentees were inevitably encountered and involved in the fertilized egg production. Summarizing the results, at least 28-30 months were needed to eradicate A. lumbricoides in the subjected area of Korea, by repeated blanket mass treatment bimonthly with a quarter dose of @entity12471 . Furthermore, to lessen the social factors as a source of later reinfetion, the project area of control programme should be extended as wide as possible.

title: Effect Of Two-Month Interval Mass Chemotherapy On The Reinfection Of XXXX In Korea.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrantel pamoate']

answer: @entity9124 :: (6252,Species) :: ['Ascaris Lumbricoides']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a chronic and progressive disease. Oral antidiabetic monotherapies directly address only one defect as their primary mechanism of action, and do not control blood @entity413 sufficiently well to meet current glycaemic targets. In consequence, most @entity1 need combination therapy within a few years. However, the co-administration of two or more oral antidiabetic drugs may render treatment regimens difficult to follow. Combining oral antidiabetic agents into a single tablet provides a means of intensifying antidiabetic therapy while supporting good @entity1 compliance. An @entity2690 sensitiser and an @entity2690 secretagogue represent a rational oral antidiabetic combination, as they address the dual endocrine defects of @entity2690 resistance and impaired beta-cell function in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Nevertheless, the components of a combination tablet must be carefully chosen. @entity2449 (an @entity2690 sensitiser) and @entity5217 (an @entity2690 secretagogue) are well supported by decades of clinical evidence, and the pharmacokinetics of these agents support twice-daily co-administration. The final technical challenge is to optimise their delivery within a single-tablet combination. A recently-introduced @entity2449 - @entity5217 combination tablet (Glucovance) has been extensively studied in well-designed clinical trials, where it has been shown to be more effective than its component monotherapies in controlling fasting and postprandial glycaemia. This treatment provides a case study in the development of a single-tablet oral antidiabetic combination, in terms of the pharmacokinetic issues facing the development of this preparation, and the implications of the pharmacokinetic properties of the components of the combination tablet on their pharmacodynamic actions and risk-benefit profile.

title: The development of an oral antidiabetic combination tablet: design, evaluation and clinical benefits for @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Although certain risk factors are known to be associated with @entity323 ( @entity323 ), the demographic and @entity323 characteristics of the population of @entity1 with @entity323 are quite diverse. We examined results from randomized trials of @entity7855 (Viagra) to ascertain if efficacy differed across various subgroups of @entity1 with @entity323 . In addition, we reviewed findings from long-term extension studies and published accounts of @entity7855 use in clinical practice to determine if effectiveness is maintained with long-term @entity7855 treatment and to determine if effectiveness in the clinic practice setting is consistent with that reported in clinical trials. Data were pooled from 11 double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose (taken as needed) studies to assess efficacy (N = 2667) of @entity7855 in @entity1 (aged 23 to 89 years) with @entity323 of broad-spectrum etiology who were not receiving concomitant @entity1507 therapy. Efficacy evaluations included the International Index of Erectile Function, a global efficacy question ("Did treatment improve your erections?"), and a @entity1 -recorded event log of sexual activity. Significantly improved erectile function was demonstrated for @entity7855 compared with placebo for all efficacy parameters analyzed (P <0.02 to 0.0001), regardless of @entity1 age, race, body mass index, @entity323 etiology, @entity323 severity, @entity323 duration, or the presence of various comorbidities. Long-term effectiveness was assessed in 3 open-label extension studies. Of those who continued long-term therapy (1 to 3 years) with @entity7855 , >95% of @entity1 reported that they were satisfied with the effect of treatment on their erections, and that treatment had improved their ability to engage in sexual activity. Findings from published accounts of @entity7855 use in the clinical practice setting further demonstrated that @entity7855 is an effective treatment for a wide range of @entity1 with @entity323 .

title: The efficacy of XXXX (Viagra) in clinical populations: an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil citrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the efficacy, safety and impact on quality of life (QoL) of a dose-dense biweekly regimen of @entity1205 and @entity1487 in first-line treatment of advanced @entity356 (AGC). Eligible @entity1 received @entity1205 60  mg/m(2) and @entity1487 (400  mg/m(2) bolus followed by 2,400  mg/m(2) 46-h infusion), fortnightly. Prophylactic use of @entity1261 was adopted in all @entity1 . The primary end point was response rate (RR). Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 and QoL. Thirty-nine @entity1 with a median age of 55 (28-80) were included. The RR was 51.3  %. Median PFS and @entity1349 were 6.7 and 14.0  months, respectively. The most common adverse events (all grades) were @entity417 (34, 87.2  %), fatigue (29, 74.4  %), @entity1398 (26, 66.7  %), nail change (19, 48.7  %) and @entity409 (15, 38.5  %). In QoL analysis, improvements were obtained in seven scales, whereas drops were seen in three scales. Common Grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity417 (28.2  %), @entity409 (7.7  %) and fatigue (7.7  %). This novel regimen is a promising option for AGC, showing high RR, improvement on QoL and acceptable @entity137 .

title: Dose-dense biweekly @entity1205 combined with XXXX as first-line treatment in advanced @entity356 : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the rates of @entity5 -specific mortality, other-cause and @entity150 mortality in @entity1 with upper-tract @entity189 undergoing radical nephroureterectomy. METHODS: Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 9899 @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy were identified. A 20-strata graphical aid was constructed using age (<60, 60-69, 70-79, >79 years) and American Joint Committee on @entity5 /TNM stage ( @entity18190   /x , @entity18190   /x , @entity18190   /x , @entity18190   /x , pTany pN         ) as stratifying variables. The 5-year @entity5 -specific mortality, other-cause and @entity150 mortality rates were generated through competing-risks Poisson regression methodologies. Multivariable competing-risks regression models were used to test the effect of age and stage on three different end-points: @entity5 -specific mortality, other-cause and @entity150 mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 1797 (18.1%), 891 (9.1%) and 3090 (31.2%) @entity1 died of @entity5 -specific mortality, other-cause and @entity150 mortality, respectively. Following stratification according to age and stage, the proportion of @entity1 who succumbed to @entity5 -specific mortality (11.7-21.9%) and other-cause mortality (8.9-30.4%) increased with age. In contrast, with increasing stage, the proportion of @entity1 who died of @entity5 -specific mortality increased (7.2-37.5%), whereas the proportion of other-cause mortality remained stable (18.9-22.0%). The rate of @entity150 mortality increased with advancing stage. At multivariable competing-risk regression model, besides age and stage, @entity1 , type of surgery, grade and location were associated with higher @entity5 -specific mortality. Furthermore, ureteral location, stage and grade were associated with @entity150 mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The developed graphical aid for prediction of @entity5 -specific mortality, other-cause, and @entity150 mortality according to age and stage in @entity1 with upper-tract @entity189 undergoing radical nephroureterectomy can be useful for physicians and @entity1 during clinical counseling.

title: Survival after nephroureterectomy for upper tract XXXX : a population-based competing-risks analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: 1. In peripheral @entity9085 , leg blood flow during exercise is reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic response in different muscle types during exercise at reduced versus normal exercise blood flow. 2. A modified @entity35 hindlimb perfusion model was used. Muscle metabolites and distribution of labelled microspheres were analysed in the soleus and the gastrocnemius muscles during exercise induced by sciatic nerve stimulation. 3. Blood flow distribution between the soleus and the gastrocnemius muscles (per unit weight) was 1.7:1 at rest, and this ratio did not change significantly during exercise at reduced flow. 4. There was a more pronounced decrease in the [ @entity1734 ], the [glycogen] and the [ @entity855 ]/[ @entity857 ] ratio as well as a more pronounced increase in the [ @entity880 ] and the [ @entity880 ]/[ @entity2388 ] ratio in the gastrocnemius muscle during exercise at reduced blood flow as compared with values obtained at normal exercise flow. In the soleus muscle the difference between the two conditions was confined to an increased [ @entity880 ]/[ @entity2388 ] ratio. 5. The results show that a muscle composed mainly of fast-twitch fibres with a high glycolytic and low oxidative capacity is much more susceptible to a reduced exercise flow than a muscle composed of slow-twitch, oxidative fibres. It is suggested that claudicating @entity158 is related to these metabolic changes and it is concluded that @entity158 most probably originates in type II fibers.

title: Metabolic response in different muscle types to reduced blood flow during exercise in perfused XXXX hindlimb.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyruvate', 'pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a highly curable malignancy of young @entity1 . Appropriate and timely management is critical to ensure optimal clinical outcomes. A 3-year population-based review of @entity5 @entity1 in Manitoba, Canada was undertaken to evaluate our management patterns. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 from 1998 to 2000 were identified from the Provincial @entity5 Registry. Chart review was utilized to collect information on demographic characteristics, timelines of diagnostic and staging investigations, completeness of pathology reports, management, and outcomes. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 were identified with 80 @entity5 : 46 (59%) @entity1 had 48 @entity4797 and 32 (41%) had @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ). One or more pre-operative @entity5 markers were missing or unavailable in 41 (52%) cases. Median time from scrotal ultrasound to orchiectomy was 7 days, but was greater than 2 weeks in 13 (16%) @entity1 . Pathology reports provided acceptable detail in only 21 (27%) cases. Eighteen subjects (23%) did not complete necessary staging investigations (chest and abdominal imaging, and post-orchiectomy markers) until at least 3 weeks after surgery. Post-orchiectomy management of both @entity4797 and @entity10711 @entity1 was largely within acceptable limits apart from some non-standard chemotherapy choices in advanced stage disease, and significant departures from standard recommendations regarding surveillance. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival at 5 years is 97% in @entity4797 and 84% in @entity10711 . CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical outcomes do not appear to have been compromised, deficiencies are evident in @entity5 management in Manitoba from 1998 to 2000, indicating the need for well-defined management guidelines and improved education of caregivers.

title: Appropriateness of XXXX management: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancers', 'tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'Testicular cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['NSGCT', 'non-seminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: Although endoscopic adrenalectomy is advocated for small @entity16663 , questions remain about the safety of endoscopic retroperitoneal resection of @entity1911 . In this study we evaluated the outcome of retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity1911 . Between June 1995 and September 1999 we performed 18 retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomies for a @entity1911 or @entity1823 . All @entity1 received adequate alpha-adrenergic blockade. The adrenal vein was ligated at the end of the procedure. Operative blood pressure values were recorded and evaluated. Altogether 15 @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; mean age 47.2 years) were operated on for 17 @entity1911 and 1 extraadrenal @entity5 (4 right, 11 left, 3 bilateral). One female @entity1 was operated on at 13 weeks' gestation. @entity101 episodes at operation were seen in 4 (26.7%) @entity1 , and @entity591 occurred in 5 (33%). Hemodynamic changes could be corrected in all cases using simple measures without morbidity or detrimental effects. The mean operating time was 125 minutes (80-180 minutes), and the conversion rate was 5.6% (1/18). The median hospital stay was 5 days (3-28 days). Morbidity was 20% (3/15). Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy for @entity1911 is safe and effective, and it is associated with limited morbidity.

title: Safe retroperitoneal endoscopic resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors in locally advanced @entity0 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy differ from those of early @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical significance of potential predictive and prognostic factors in @entity0 @entity1 treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 145 @entity0 @entity1 received neoadjuvant @entity1205 / @entity632 chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. We examined the clinical and biological factors (ER, PR, @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity588 , and Ki-67) by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed clinical outcome and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: Among the clinicopathologic parameters investigated, none of the marker was correlated with response rate (RR) except triple negative phenotype. @entity1 with triple negative phenotype showed higher RR (83.0% in triple negative vs. 62.2% in non-triple negative, p = 0.012) and pathologic complete RR (17.0% in triple negative vs. 3.1% in non-triple negative, p = 0.005). However, @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were significantly shorter in triple negative @entity0 @entity1 (p < 0.001, p = 0.021, respectively). Low histologic grade, positive hormone receptors, positive @entity588 and low level of Ki-67 were associated with prolonged @entity4557 . In addition, positive ER and positive @entity588 were associated with prolonged @entity1349 . In our homogeneous @entity1 population, initial clinical stage reflects @entity4557 and @entity1349 more precisely than pathologic stage. In multivariate analysis, initial clinical stage was the only significant independent prognostic factor to impact on @entity1349 (hazard ratio 3.597, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: Several molecular markers provided useful predictive and prognostic @entity0 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant @entity1205 / @entity632 chemotherapy. Triple negative phenotype was associated with shorter survival, even though it was associated with a higher response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Prognostic impact of clinicopathologic parameters in XXXX treated with neoadjuvant @entity1205 and @entity632 chemotherapy: paradoxical features of the triple negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['information in stage II and III breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'stage II and III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse free survival']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage II/III breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Characterization of the defect in a @entity1 presenting a @entity1897 with atypical features of distal motor involvement mimicking @entity4574 . @entity1 : Clinical signs included generalized @entity2421 and @entity2421 , absence of stretch reflexes, @entity2057 , lack of head control and lingual @entity2901 associated with unaffected facial muscles, and normal intellectual development. RESULTS: Normal muscle histology ruled out @entity4574 . Elevated plasma concentrations of very long-chain @entity1718 and @entity6741 intermediates combined with normal plasmalogen levels in erythrocytes suggested defective peroxisomal beta-oxidation directly demonstrated by deficient @entity27737 and partially deficient C26:0 was present oxidation in cultured fibroblasts. Severely impaired @entity16443 oxidation in liver and @entity16442 oxidation in fibroblasts was present. On light and electron microscopy of the liver tissue, rare peroxisomal membrane ghosts and trilamellar inclusions but absence of peroxisomes was noted. Immunoblot analysis revealed absence of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes in liver tissue but normal results in fibroblasts. Remarkably, expression of the @entity16440 in fibroblasts was indicated by the finding of mainly cytoplasmatic @entity2196 , as in liver. Preliminary studies excluded classification of this @entity1 within the large @entity63227 complementation group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a novel peroxisome biogenesis disorder involving peroxisomal beta-oxidation as well as phytanic and @entity16443 oxidation rather than an isolated defect of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. The association of a clinical picture mimicking @entity4574 with a novel @entity16440 raises the question of whether investigation for peroxisomal function should be considered in every @entity1 with an enigmatic @entity2057 .

title: Defective peroxisome biogenesis with a neuromuscular disorder resembling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity27737 :: ('MESH:C002844', 'Chemical') :: ['pristanic acid']

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['peroxisomal defect', 'peroxisomal disorder']

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16442 :: ('MESH:D010831', 'Chemical') :: ['phytanic acid']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia', 'floppiness']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity16443 :: ('MESH:C031345', 'Chemical') :: ['pipecolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy-like syndrome', 'muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity4574 :: (MESH:D014897,Disease) :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Neurocan-cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 ( @entity66657 ) region forms a tight linkage disequilibrium (LD) block and is associated with plasma lipid levels and @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) in individuals of European descent but not in the Malay and Japanese ethnic groups. Recent genome-wide resequence studies identified a missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ( @entity66658 ) of the @entity66659 ( @entity66659 ) gene in the @entity50260 - @entity66660 region related to hepatic @entity412 content. This study aims to analyze the influences of SNPs in this region on @entity1561 and plasma lipid levels in the Asian and Pacific ethnic groups and to reveal the reasons behind positive and negative genetic associations dependent on ethnicity. METHODS: Samples and characteristic data were collected from 3,013 Japanese, 119 Palauan, 947 Mongolian, 212 Thai and 401 Chinese @entity1 . Hepatic sonography data was obtained from the Japanese individuals. Genotyping data of five SNPs, @entity66658 , @entity66661 , @entity66662 , @entity66663 , and @entity66664 , were used to verify the effect on serum lipid levels by multiple linear regression, and the association with @entity1561 in the Japanese population was examined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity66658 showed significant association with the plasma @entity412 (TG) level in Japanese (P   =   0.0009, effect size   =   9.5 (  3.25) mg/dl/allele) and Thai (P   =   0.0008, effect size   =   31.6 (  11.7) mg/dl/allele) study subjects. In Mongolian individuals, there was a significant association of @entity66658 with total @entity165 level (P   =   0.0003, 11.7 (  3.2) mg/dl/allele) but not with TG level. In multiple comparisons in Chinese individuals, @entity66658 was weakly (P   =   0.022) associated with TG levels, although the threshold for statistical significance was not reached. In Palauan individuals, there was no significant association with the studied SNPs. @entity66658 also showed significant association with Japanese @entity1561 . The minor allele (t) increased @entity1561 risk (OR 1.682, 95  % CI 1.289-2.196, p value 0.00013). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the genetic association of missense SNP of @entity66659 , @entity66658 , with plasma lipid levels in multiple East Asian ethnic groups and with @entity1561 in Japanese individuals.

title: Replication analysis of genetic association of the XXXX - @entity66660 region with plasma lipid levels and @entity1561 in Asian and Pacific ethnic groups.

entities_list: @entity66659 :: ('53345', 'Gene') :: ['TM6SF2', 'transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity50260 :: (1463,Gene) :: ['NCAN']


abstract: Angiography by means of iodinated contrast material, before endovascular or surgical treatment, may result in serious complications in @entity1 with @entity177 or previous anaphylactoid reaction to @entity1496 . Alternative techniques, such as magnetic resonance angiography or @entity544 angiography, have their own limitations. We report effectiveness and safety of cerebral angiography using @entity2287 for a @entity1 with right vertebral artery and basilar @entity432 and @entity177 . A 66-year-old @entity1 with @entity6 under medical treatment suffered @entity909 and @entity1269 following dehydration for 24 hours. She was transferred to our hospital. Emergent MRI suggested brain stem and @entity1188 due to @entity432 with diffusion-perfusion mismatch. Because of @entity177 , the digital subtraction cerebral angiography using @entity2287 was performed. Appropriate diagnosis was achieved by angiography using @entity2287 of 0.4 mmol/kg. There was no any complication including deterioration of renal function. @entity2287 appears to be a safe and useful intraarterial contrast agent in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: [Experience of cerebral angiography using @entity2287 for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'vertebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is growing evidence that in @entity30 the achievement and maintenance of @entity33 ( @entity33 ) through anti- @entity310 antibodies may change the natural history of the disease. Few studies evaluating such outcome as a therapeutic goal are available in paediatrics. The primary aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of biologics in obtaining @entity33 in a paediatric @entity30 cohort. The secondary aims were: (1) to assess response based on early or late treatment introduction and on combination therapy with immunomodulators versus biologics alone; and (2) to evaluate clinical outcome 2 years after the second endoscopy. METHODS: Biologic-naive paediatric @entity30 patients starting anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor a ( @entity310 ) treatment were enrolled. @entity1 ' demographic and treatment data were recorded. Clinical [Pediatric @entity30 Activity Index (PCDAI)] and endoscopic [Simple Endoscopic Score for @entity30 (SES- @entity1050 )] evaluations were performed at time 0 (T0) and after 9-12 months (follow-up). Appropriate induction and maintenance therapeutic schemes were applied. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled. At enrolment, mean age was 12.3    3.4 years and mean disease duration was 13.0    16 months. At follow-up there was a significant decrease in PCDAI and SES- @entity1050 compared with T0 (p < 0.01). No statistical difference in frequency of @entity33 between the early and late treatment introduction groups was found. Combination therapy was superior in obtaining complete plus partial @entity33 (p < 0.01). One and 2 years after the second endoscopy, all and 79% of @entity1 with complete @entity33 and 75 and 67% of those with partial @entity33 were still in clinical remission, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Biologics improve @entity3137 , apparently more effectively if given in combination with immunomodulators. @entity33 appears to sustain a @entity66 .

title: Prospective Evaluation of the Achievement of Mucosal Healing with Anti- @entity310 Therapy in a Paediatric XXXX Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['better disease course']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: @entity16 have long been associated with @entity683 . A novel strain of @entity683 (H1N1) first described in @entity1 to have outbreak potential in 2009 in Mexico went on to become the first @entity683 pandemic of this century. We evaluated the neurologic complications of the novel @entity683 (H1N1) 2009 in @entity1 and adults admitted to all public hospitals in Singapore during the @entity683 (H1N1) 2009 pandemic between May 2009 and March 2010. All @entity1 were positive for novel @entity281 and presented with neurologic symptoms prior to @entity684 treatment. Ninety-eight @entity1 (median age 6.6 years, range 0.4-62.6) were identified; 90 % were younger than 18 years; 32 % suffered from preexisting neurological, respiratory, or @entity299 ; and 66 % presented with @entity410 . Of those presenting with @entity410 , new onset @entity410 were the most common manifestation (n = 40, 61.5 %), followed by @entity410 (n = 18, 27.7 %) and @entity159 (n = 7, 10.8 %). Influenza-associated @entity75 occurred in 20 %. The majority of @entity1 (n = 88) presented with @entity410 (n = 63, 71.6 %), @entity75 (n = 19, 21.6 %), and @entity1163 (n = 4, 4.5 %). Among adults, a wider range of @entity16 were seen, with half of them presenting with an exacerbation of their underlying @entity16 . The neurological symptoms developed at a median of 2 days after the onset of systemic symptoms. The median length of hospital stay was 3 days, and 79 % were monitored in general wards. @entity16 associated with the novel @entity683 (H1N1) 2009 strain were generally mild and had a good outcome. They occurred more frequently in @entity1 with underlying @entity16 . @entity410 and @entity75 were the most common manifestations, similar to other @entity683 virus strains.

title: Neurology of the H1N1 pandemic in Singapore: a nationwide case series of XXXX and adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'breakthrough seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications', 'neurological disease', 'neurological disorders', 'neurological conditions']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to develop a parenteral microemulsion formulation of @entity205 ( @entity9472 ). The @entity9472 solubility in caprylic capric @entity412 (GTCC), @entity32441 and @entity1460 oil were determined. The pseudo-ternary diagrams of oil (GTCC), surfactant (Solutol   HS-15), cosurfactants ( @entity1068 / @entity968 [PEG 400] mixture) and water were constructed to identify boundaries for microemulsion existence. The @entity9472 was added at 3, 6 and 9% w/w to the optimal microemulsion composition. Microemulsion particle size, solution viscosity and conductivity were examined. The microemulsion stability and haemolytic potential were examined after dilution in 5% @entity413 solution for injection to 1   mg/mL @entity9472 . Microemulsion stability was examined after a three-month storage at 4 and 25     C. The GTCC was selected as an oil phase for @entity9472 microemulsion based on solubility results. The optimum @entity9472 microemulsion formulation consisted of 2.5% @entity9472 , 9% GTCC, 24% Solutol   HS 15, 8% PEG 400, 4% @entity1068 and 52.5% water based on weight percent. The average particle sizes of the optimized blank and drug-loaded microemulsions were 68.7   nm and 71.6   nm, respectively and remained unchanged upon 25-fold dextrose dilution. The results of microemulsion physical and @entity9472 chemical were confirmed by a three-month stability study at 4 and 25     C. In vitro haemolysis studies indicated that @entity9472 microemulsions were well tolerated by erythrocytes. The novel microemulsion formulation of @entity9472 was developed that is suitable for parenteral administration. This new formulation could potentially have less vehicle-associated side effects that current commercial formulation of @entity9472 based on Cremophor   EL and @entity1068 solution.

title: Development of XXXX microemulsion for parenteral delivery.

entities_list: @entity32441 :: ('MESH:C033180', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl oleate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol 400']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity323 affects more than 20 million @entity1 in the United States. Currently, there are at least 10 novel erectogenic agents in development. It is incumbent on clinicians and especially urologists to be facile in interpreting data from drug trials investigating such medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature addressing novel Food and Drug Administration approved erectogenic drugs was conducted using MEDLINE to highlight the key points in the analysis of data arising from these trials. RESULTS: The major points for analysis include trial design, @entity1 population studied, end points used and adverse event profile. The @entity1 enrolled in @entity323 drug trials should be representative of the general @entity323 population. Assessment of the population includes defining baseline @entity323 severity, co-morbidity profiles and concomitant medication use. Defining clinically meaningful end points is difficult. Several validated questionnaire instruments are available, the most commonly used being the International Index of Erectile Function. Much of the data gathered are based on this self-report inventory. Factors relating to adverse events include frequency of events--per @entity1 and per administration rates--and severity and duration of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Several key factors in trial design, @entity1 enrollment and outcome analysis need to be assessed to interpret accurately the data generated from @entity323 drug trials.

title: Deciphering XXXX drug trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, @entity291 @entity378 (bTB) is a potential hazard for animals and @entity1 health. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of bTB epidemiology in Burkina Faso and especially @entity2497 transmission within and between the @entity291 and @entity1 populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Twenty six @entity2499 strains were isolated from 101 @entity291 carcasses with suspected bTB lesions during routine meat inspections at the Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou slaughterhouses. In addition, 7 @entity2499 strains were isolated from 576 @entity1 with @entity1907 . Spoligotyping, RDAf1 deletion and MIRU-VNTR typing were used for strains genotyping. The isolation of @entity2499 strains was confirmed by spoligotyping and 12 spoligotype signatures were detected. Together, the spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR data allowed grouping the 33 @entity2499 isolates in seven clusters including isolates exclusively from @entity291 (5) or @entity1 (1) or from both (1). Moreover, these data (genetic analyses and phenetic tree) showed that the @entity2499 isolates belonged to the African 1 (Af1) clonal complex (81.8%) and the putative African 5 (Af5) clonal complex (18.2%), in agreement with the results of RDAf1 deletion typing. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first detailed molecular characterization of @entity2499 strains from @entity1 and @entity291 in Burkina Faso. The distribution of the two Af1 and putative Af5 clonal complexes is comparable to what has been reported in neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the strain genetic profiles suggest that @entity2499 circulates across the borders and that the Burkina Faso strains originate from different countries, but have a country-specific evolution. The genetic characterization suggests that, currently, @entity2499 transmission occurs mainly between @entity291 , occasionally between @entity291 and @entity1 and potentially between @entity1 . This study emphasizes the bTB risk in @entity291 but also in @entity1 and the difficulty to set up proper disease control strategies in Burkina Faso.

title: XXXX in Burkina Faso: Epidemiologic and Genetic Links between @entity1 and @entity291 Isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: In recent years major advances have been made in the clinical pharmacology of many drugs used for the treatment of @entity66 , particularly in the design and development of dosage regimens for the treatment of severe @entity311 . For example, by careful manipulation of its rate of administration, @entity503 has been shown to be well tolerated when used for treatment of severe disease caused by susceptible parasites. Similarly, important advances have been made in the rational design of @entity4807 dosage regimens for @entity1 in South East Asia and Africa. Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of @entity8775 has drawn attention to the problems associated with its administration as combination therapy with @entity4765 and @entity9230 in Thailand. Similarly, evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of @entity12963 has led to the demonstration that poor and erratic absorption could be just as likely to explain therapeutic failure as resistance of the parasite to effects of this drug. Disposition of the antimalarial biguanides has highlighted the role of host-related effects in the determination of drug response. For example, a small percentage of individuals are unable to convert @entity24517 ( @entity24517 ) to its active @entity21750 metabolite, @entity9798 . Finally, agents that reverse @entity503 resistance are currently under development for the treatment of @entity311 . The importance of assessing the clinical pharmacokinetic properties of potential resistance reversers must be recognised. While limited success has been achieved in antifilarial chemotherapy, other @entity4801 have been largely neglected with advances in the laboratory still awaiting full recognition of their clinical application. For example, clinical pharmacokinetic concepts may be used to improve the therapy of @entity1 hydatid disease. We believe that clinical management of @entity66 can be improved by the application of clinical pharmacokinetic principles. However, this may not be universally advantageous. For example, the @entity507 (qinghaosu) derivatives are among the most recently developed antimalarials that have great therapeutic promise. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacokinetic data would be of limited value in the design and optimisation of dosage regimens because of its chemical reactivity and the unusual mechanism by which these drugs kill parasites. Similar limitations may apply to the microfilaricidal drug, ivermectin.

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics in the treatment of XXXX . Some applications and limitations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity24517 :: ('MESH:D002727', 'Chemical') :: ['proguanil', 'chloroguanide']

entities_list: @entity21750 :: ('CHEBI:38056', 'Chemical') :: ['triazine']

entities_list: @entity9798 :: ('MESH:C026009', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloguanil']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity12963 :: ('MESH:C023768', 'Chemical') :: ['halofantrine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['tropical diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The umbilical cord provides nutrition and @entity26 to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) on umbilical cords from @entity1 and other mammals, and the mechanisms of @entity3451 -mediated vasoconstriction in the @entity1 umbilical cord. DESIGN: @entity1 and animal umbilical cords used in vascular and cellular experiments. SETTING: Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. POPULATION: A total of 85 pregnant @entity1 , 16 @entity35 and seven pregnant @entity742 . METHODS: Umbilical cord veins and arteries from @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity742 , aortas and mesenteric arteries from @entity35 , and mesenteric, carotid and femoral arteries from ovine fetuses were used to compare vascular functions in response to @entity3451 and to determine the mechanisms of @entity3451 -mediated umbilical vasoconstriction. Vascular tension and ion channel currents were measured on isolated vessels and smooth muscle cells from @entity1 umbilical cords. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Provision of new evidence to conclude that @entity3451 -stimulated vasoconstriction is common to all umbilical cords, and cellular mechanisms are linked to @entity972 channels. RESULTS: @entity3451 caused reliable vasoconstriction in umbilical veins/arteries in @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity742 , but not in any other vessels, including fetal vessels. @entity3897 inhibited the effects of @entity3451 . The mRNA of @entity3451 -muscarinic receptor subtypes M1 -M5 was expressed in @entity1 umbilical vessels. The protein kinase C antagonist @entity11009 and the @entity460 inhibitor @entity594 decreased @entity3451 -induced vasoconstriction in @entity1 umbilical vessels. @entity3451 also caused a reduction in whole-cell @entity972 channel currents and the single-channel current of large-conductance @entity460 -activated @entity972 (BKca) channels. CONCLUSION: Umbilical vessels are significantly different from other vessels in their response to @entity3451 . BKca channels in smooth muscle cells may play important roles in @entity3451 -mediated vasoconstriction in @entity1 umbilical cords. This information may be important for fetal medicine and practice with regard to the effect on fetal development of umbilical vascular functions.

title: Muscarinic-mediated vasoconstriction in @entity1 , @entity35 and XXXX umbilical cords and related vasoconstriction mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Atypical antipsychotic medications are increasingly prescribed for @entity1 and adolescent @entity1 . Relatively little information on adverse events (AEs), specifically in @entity1 or adolescents taking atypical antipsychotics, is available. METHOD: The Food and Drug Administration spontaneous AE reporting postmarketing surveillance database was queried for @entity1037 until March 31, 2000. @entity1 exposure estimates as of the same date were provided by the manufacturer. AE complaints and exposure estimates were divided by age: @entity1 (birth-9 years), adolescents (10-19), and adults (20+). AE complaint risks per 10,000 @entity1 exposed were calculated along with risk ratios across age groups and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: @entity21 complaint risks were similar across development, and @entity910 complaint risks were comparable in adolescents and adults. Overrepresented AE complaints in @entity1 included sedation, @entity1017 , liver function abnormalities, and @entity910 . Overrepresented AE complaints in adolescents included sedation, @entity1017 , liver function abnormalities, and prolactin increase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21 may be no more common in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1037 than in adults. The frequency of some other AEs may differ across development. Caution is warranted because of the likelihood of reporting bias. Similar analyses should be conducted with other atypical antipsychotics.

title: Effects of development on XXXX -associated adverse events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal syndromes', 'Extrapyramidal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower levels of global DNA methylation in tissue and blood have been associated with increased @entity5 risk. Conversely, cross-sectional analyses of healthier lifestyle patterns have been associated with higher levels of global DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE: In this trial, we explored the associations between changes in lifestyle modifications (diet, @entity353 ), metabolic markers, and global epigenetic biomarkers in white blood cells. METHODS: Study @entity1 were Hispanic, African American, and @entity21429 -Caribbean overweight and sedentary female @entity0 survivors (n = 24) who participated in a larger randomized, crossover, pilot study of a 6-mo @entity353 intervention and who had available blood specimens. Anthropometric measures, a food-frequency questionnaire, and peripheral blood were collected at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Plasma samples were analyzed for metabolic markers (insulin, @entity413 ). We measured DNA methylation of long interspersed @entity4334 element 1 (LINE-1) and satellite 2 by pyrosequencing and MethyLight, respectively, and global DNA methylation by the luminometric methylation assay (LUMA). RESULTS: DNA methylation of LINE-1 was statistically significantly elevated at 6 mo [75.5% vs. 78.5% (P < 0.0001)] and 12 mo [75.5% vs. 77.7% (P < 0.0001)], compared to baseline. Over a 12-mo period, changes in percentage body fat and plasma @entity413 concentrations were positively associated with LINE-1 DNA methylation (b = 0.19, P = 0.001) and LUMA DNA methylation levels (b = 0.24, P = 0.02), respectively. Similarly, 12-mo changes in dietary measures such as vegetable (b = 0.009, P = 0.048), protein (b = 0.04, P = 0.001), and total caloric (b = 0.05, P = 0.01) intake were positively associated with changes in LUMA DNA methylation, as was intake of fruit positively associated with changes in LINE-1 DNA methylation (b = 0.004, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our hypothesis-generating results suggest that lifestyle modifications may be associated with changes in global DNA methylation detectable at 6 and 12 mo. These biomarkers may be useful intermediate biomarkers to use in future intervention trials. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00811824.

title: Dietary modifications, @entity353 , and changes in metabolic markers affect global DNA methylation in Hispanic, African American, and XXXX -Caribbean @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity21429 :: (10974,Gene) :: ['Afro']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to identify static and dynamic O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine PET ((18)FET-PET)-derived imaging biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 were included; 42 @entity1 underwent stereotactic biopsy (unresectable @entity5 ) and 37 @entity1 microsurgical @entity5 resection. All @entity1 were scheduled to receive radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (RCx/TMZ). (18)FET-PET evaluation using static and dynamic analysis was done before biopsy/resection, after resection, 4 to 6 weeks following RCx, and after 3 cycles of TMZ. Endpoints were survival and progression-free-survival. Prognostic factors were obtained from proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Biological @entity5 volume before RCx (BTVpreRCx) was the most important (18)FET-PET-derived imaging biomarker and was independent of @entity8724 promoter methylation and clinical prognostic factors: @entity1 with smaller BTVpreRCx had significantly longer progression-free and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). (18)FET time-activity curves (TACs) before treatment and their changes after RCx were also related to outcome; @entity1 with initially increasing TACs experienced longer @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: BTVpreRCx and TAC represent important (18)FET-PET-derived imaging biomarkers in @entity463 . Increasing TACs are associated with prolonged @entity1349 . The BTVpreRCx is a strong prognostic factor for progression-free survival and @entity1349 independent of the mode of surgery. Our data furthermore suggest that @entity1 harboring resectable @entity463 might benefit from maximal PET-guided @entity5 resection.

title: Biological XXXX volume in 18FET-PET before radiochemotherapy correlates with survival in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in @entity1 with @entity5036 (BBB) with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has not been well described. We sought to determine the prognostic value of @entity1642 in @entity1 with BBB and normal LVEF. METHODS: We analyzed 7214 @entity1 (58      14  years; 57% female) with a mean follow-up time of 9      4  years. @entity452 @entity1642 was performed in 51% of @entity1 and exercise @entity1642 was performed in 49%. All-cause mortality data were obtained from the Social Security Death Index. RESULTS: There were 222 (3%) @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and 50 (0.7%) @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ). @entity1 with @entity714 were 3 times more likely to have an abnormal stress test after adjusting for age, gender, mode of stress test, and @entity453 risk factors (OR  =  3.3; 95% CI: 1.86-5.92; P  <  0.001). The mortality rates were 4.5%/year for @entity1 with @entity714 , 2.5%/year for @entity1 with @entity714 , and 1.9%/year for @entity1 without BBB (P  <  0.001). Among @entity1 with a normal @entity1642 , those with @entity714 had similar mortality to those without @entity714 (HR  =  0.9; 95% CI: 0.4-2.2; P  =  0.8). @entity1 with @entity714 and abnormal @entity1642 had more than 2 times greater risk of all-cause mortality (HR  =  2.4; 95% CI: 1.4-4.2; P  =  0.002). CONCLUSION: A normal stress echocardiogram in @entity714 is associated with benign prognosis while those with @entity714 and abnormal @entity1642 have the worst outcomes.

title: Prevalence and Long-Term Prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX (Right or Left Bundle Branch) with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Referred for Stress Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['complete bundle branch blocks']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress echocardiography', 'SE']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['Complete Bundle Branch Block']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the test performance characteristics of CT scanning, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging the mediastinum, and to evaluate the accuracy of the clinical evaluation (ie, symptoms, physical findings, or routine blood test results) for predicting @entity3 in @entity1 in whom @entity1149 or @entity151 is diagnosed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Systematic searches of MEDLINE, HealthStar, and Cochrane Library databases to July 2001, and of print bibliographies. Studies evaluating the staging results of CT scanning, PET scanning, MRI, or EUS, with either tissue histologic confirmation or long-term clinical follow-up, were included. The performance of the clinical evaluation was compared against the results of brain and abdominal CT scans and radionuclide bone scans. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Pooled sensitivities and specificities for staging the mediastinum were as follows: for CT scanning: sensitivity, 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.66); specificity, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.86); for PET scanning: sensitivity, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.89); specificity, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.93); and for EUS: sensitivity, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.89); specificity, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.82). For the evaluation of brain @entity3 , the summary estimate of the negative predictive value (NPV) of the clinical neurologic evaluation was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91 to 0.96). For detecting adrenal and/or liver @entity3 , the summary NPV of the clinical evaluation was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93 to 0.96), and for detecting bone @entity3 , it was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning is more accurate than CT scanning or EUS for detecting mediastinal @entity3 . The NPVs of the clinical evaluations for brain, abdominal, and bone @entity3 are > or = 90%, suggesting that routinely imaging asymptomatic @entity2 @entity1 may not be necessary. However, more definitive prospective studies that better define the @entity1 population and improved reference standards are necessary to more accurately assess the true NPV of the clinical evaluation.

title: Noninvasive staging of XXXX : a review of the current evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A haemodynamic and cineangiographic study was conducted in 20 @entity1 with chronic @entity337 alone or associated with @entity339 before and during i.v. administration of @entity3763 5 mg/hour. Freedom from @entity301 had been ascertained. The heart rate and aortic pressure (initially normal), cardiac index (initially low), pulmonary pressures and pulmonary and systemic resistances (slightly raised initially) remained unchanged. On the other hand, the left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, distinctly raised before treatment, was reduced by 17% (p less than 0.05). There was also a 10% reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (from 204 +/- 60- cm3.m2 to 184 +/- 56 cm3,m2; p less than 0.001) and a 14% reduction in LV end-systolic volume (from 104 +/- 39 cm3.m2 to 89 +/- 40 cm3.m3; p less than 0.001). LV geometry, @entity64 volume and regurgitation volume were unmodified. There was a significant improvement in ventricular function indices, globally reduced before treatment: + 8% for the fiber shortening amplitude (p less than 0.025), + 6% for the ejection fraction (p fiber shortening (p less than 0.01), and + 15% for the ESP: @entity5778 ratio (p less than 0.05). The passive elasticity indices, all increased before treatment, also improved. It is concluded that @entity3763 improves LV systolic and diastolic functions in @entity1 with @entity102 .

title: [Chronic aortic and XXXX . Effects of @entity3763 on systolic function and passive elastic properties of the left ventricle (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing the diet of type 1 @entity6 @entity35 with menhaden oil on @entity3949 . Menhaden oil is a natural source for @entity9539 , which have been shown to have beneficial effects in @entity65 and other morbidities. @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 were used to examine the influence of supplementing their diet with 25% menhaden oil on @entity3949 . Both prevention and intervention protocols were used. Endpoints included motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal and mechanical sensitivity and innervation and sensitivity of the @entity267 and hindpaw. @entity3949 as evaluated by the stated endpoints was found to be progressive. Menhaden oil did not improve elevated HbA1C levels or serum lipid levels. @entity6 @entity35 16 weeks duration were @entity1931 , had reduced motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and innervation and sensitivity of the @entity267 and skin were impaired. These endpoints were significantly improved with menhaden oil treatment following the prevention or intervention protocol. We found that supplementing the diet of type 1 @entity6 @entity35 with menhaden oil improved a variety of endpoints associated with @entity3949 . These results suggest that enriching the diet with n-3 @entity1718 may be a good treatment strategy for @entity3949 .

title: Enriching the diet with menhaden oil improves peripheral neuropathy in @entity3839 -induced type 1 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hypoalgesic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study proposes the DEDE (Door-from-Emergency to Door-to-EVAR [ @entity439 repair]) time as a new metric for ruptured @entity1028 (RAAA) delay time to surgery, permitting coherent centralization in large territories. It demonstrates how the DEDE time can be applied, using data from the province of Quebec, and looks at its potential effect on 30-day mortality. METHODS: We used the Quebec Integrated @entity102 Surveillance System (QICDSS), the linkage of five health administrative databases, to build a retrospective cohort of RAAA @entity1 repaired operatively between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2013. A validated algorithm was used to identify open surgical repair (OSR) and EVAR @entity1 . Hospitals performing these operations were further characterized according to their location, volume of RAAA, types of surgeries (OSR vs EVAR), and surgeon's volume. Logistic and log-binomial regression analyses identified the risk of 30-day mortality with age, sex, hospital volume, and surgical groups as variables. Using the DEDE 90 metric and the attributable fraction, we projected how centralization and increasing the number of EVAR would affect the 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Among @entity1 aged >= 65  years, 895 RAAAs were identified. OSR was performed in 839 @entity1 (93.7%) and EVAR in 56 (6.3%). The overall 30-day mortality was 34.4%, and more specifically, was 35.5% for OSR compared with 17.9% for EVAR (P  = .0046). RAAAs were treated in 39 hospitals, including 16 centers averaging less than one RAAA repair per year. Low-volume (39.4%) vs high-volume centers (32.5%) had similar 30-day mortality (P  = .2198). In the multivariate analysis, the relative risk for OSR was 1.95 (P  = .0211) and was not significant for hospital volume. Applying the DEDE 90 metric and increasing access to EVAR to 50% of @entity1 , the overall 30-day mortality would be 26.8%. CONCLUSIONS: DEDE 90 is a new metric for a coherent centralization model, particularly in large territories, where transport time is crucial. Increasing access to EVAR performed in high-volume centers, with consideration to transport time, could improve the 30-day mortality after a RAAA repair.

title: A new metric for centralization of ruptured XXXX repair in large territories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Disease']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The Scandinavian Breast Group (SBG), established in 1989, has members representing research, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity0 . In 1992 the SBG analyzed ongoing adjuvant trials in the Scandinavian countries. Many trials were analyzing similar questions, but a substantial proportion recruited an insufficient number of @entity1 to enable valid conclusions within a reasonable time. As a result the SBG Clinical Trials Group was established to coordinate and organize trials in primary and advanced disease. Present activities include a study in premenopausal @entity1 with node-positive, receptor-positive disease (CMF vs castration), a study in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with node-positive, receptor-negative disease (CMF vs CEF), and a study in high-risk @entity1 aged < 60 years (dose-escalating CEF vs three cycles of CEF followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support). All these studies are planned to close during 1998. Another study has recently been activated. This enrolls @entity1 with climacteric symptoms given previous treatment for in situ or invasive @entity0 , who are randomized to observation vs hormone replacement therapy for 2 years. Other groups are strongly encouraged to participate. Potential future activities are briefly described. Some of these will be undertaken in international collaboration.

title: Nordic trials of adjuvant therapy in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']