abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cesarean section is one of the most common operations. The new technologies of postoperative @entity158 treatment such as @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 , are expensive and may limit @entity1 caring for their newborns shortly after delivery. The present study assessed @entity1 satisfaction with oral @entity1337 following cesarean section. STUDY DESIGN: An open prospective study was conducted on all @entity1 who had a cesarean section with epidural @entity1337 , during two consecutive periods of 3 months each. In the first group of 109 @entity1 , an oral solution of 1 g @entity10964 was allowed every 4 h, upon @entity1 request. @entity1 requesting additional @entity1337 were administered a tablet of 30 mg immediate-release @entity1286 . In the second group of 90 @entity1 , the same protocol was used; however, oral @entity1286 was the drug of choice and @entity10964 was used for rescue @entity1337 . @entity158 intensity and satisfaction were self-evaluated by @entity1 using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The results of each study period were independently evaluated. The demographic and obstetrical variables were similar in both groups. The duration of analgesic effect of @entity10964 was 6.5 h and the satisfaction score was 90. The duration of analgesic effect of oral @entity1286 was 5.05 h and the satisfaction score was 83.7. Overall, @entity1 in both groups requested only 25% of the permissible dosage of @entity1337 . CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1337 following cesarean section provides satisfactory @entity158 relief, is easily administered, and is a substantially less costly alternative to the new @entity158 treatment technologies currently in use.

title: Oral @entity1337 in the treatment of post-cesarean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: A thoracic aortic @entity2849 is a life-threatening complication after cardiovascular surgery. We reviewed the short- and long-term outcomes following the surgical repair of thoracic aortic @entity2849 . METHODS: We reviewed 20 @entity1 (mean age, 63.3        10.8 years) who underwent surgical repair for a thoracic aortic @entity2849 after cardiovascular surgery over the past 17 years. The mean follow-up period was 5.7        4.2 years and the rate of follow-up was 90.0%. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were asymptomatic, and the remaining had preoperative symptoms ( @entity397 , n   =   4; @entity1353 , n   =   4; hemoptysis, n   =   2; hoarseness, n   =   1; @entity662 , n   =   1; @entity417 , n   =   1; and jugular venous distension, n   =   1). The interval between previous and present surgery was 14.9        8.0 years. Although @entity130 with @entity548 occurred during re-sternotomy, there were no hospital @entity204 , and all @entity1 were discharged from our hospital. Late survival rates at 5 years and 10 years were 83.3%        8.8% and 72.9%        12.4%, respectively. There were five late @entity204 , and no aorta-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of surgical repair of thoracic aortic @entity2849 are satisfactory. However, even in asymptomatic @entity1 , lifelong @entity1 follow-up is required.

title: Outcomes of surgical repairs for thoracic aortic XXXX after cardiovascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: Signs of decreasing landing and recruitment were observed in the last decade in @entity35465 ( @entity35465 ) from the St. Lawrence River basin, Canada. In order to verify if the declines were associated with high prevalence of diseases among commercial catches, a total of 12243 eels captured in five commercial fishing sites were inspected at two processing plants in 1992. They were all examined for external lesions and palpated to detect @entity85 . Eels from Lakes Ontario, Saint-Fran  ois and Saint-Pierre were mainly resident eels, while those from the Richelieu River and the St. Lawrence Estuary at Kamouraska were mainly mature migrating eels. Prevalences of every lesion observed were low (< or = 1%) at every site. Scratches all over the body were found only on eels from Kamouraska. @entity1066 were observed more frequently in the Richelieu River. Higher prevalences of @entity85 were found in mature migrating eels captured in Kamouraska and in the Richelieu River. @entity85 were also observed more frequently among eels captured at the end of the 1992 fishing season in Kamouraska. Higher length, weight and/or age of mature migrating eels may be associated with higher prevalences of @entity85 among this group. These results do not indicate that the health of the @entity35465 commercially captured in the St. Lawrence basin is severely impaired. However, the magnitude of diseases among the biological population is probably underestimated by such a survey.

title: A processing plant survey of external lesions of XXXX ( @entity35465 ) from Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral deformities', 'vertebral deformities']

entities_list: @entity35465 :: ('7938', 'Species') :: ['Anguilla rostrata', 'American eels']

answer: @entity35465 :: (7938,Species) :: ['American eels']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hautmann neobladder is one of the most widely bladder replacement techniques in the two sexes. The uretero-ileal @entity850 rate is estimated to be 11% with the initial CAMEY-LE DUC technique. A new @entity254 technique is presented in order to improve this @entity260 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two 5 to 10 cm ileal segments are prepared at the two extremities of the W of the neobladder to receive the largely spatulated ureters. The @entity254 is performed directly on the ileal resection margin, in a strictly retroperitoneal position. Between December 1996 and December 1998, the technique was performed in 89 @entity1 including 19 @entity1 . One hundred and sixty six renal units (RU) were analysed by preoperative renal ultrasound, repeated after 1, 3 and 6 months and then every 6 months. Urine culture was performed monthly for 6 months. RESULTS: Thirteen RU were dilated (grade II and III) preoperatively (7.8%). No @entity850 was observed with a mean follow-up of 5.8 +/- 7.6 months. Of the 166 RU examined, 129 were normal, 13 preoperative dilatations were improved and 24 RU presented minimal postoperative dilatation (grade I). Ileo-ureteric reflux was observed on the postoperative retrograde cystography in two cases. The only complication was acute @entity2885 (1.1%) at 1 month. 90% of urine cultures were sterile after 6 months. CONCLUSION: Modification of uretero-ileal @entity254 by the "double chimney" technique is performed without tension by placing the two ureters in an anatomical position without plication or torsion. Preservation of the ureteric blood supply contributes to the low complication rate and a decreased risk of @entity850 . However, the technique needs to be validated by analysis of the results with a longer follow-up.

title: [The new uretero-ileal XXXX technique in Hautmann ileal neobladder].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'secondary anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our ongoing research has revealed that total @entity3857 extracted from the medicinal herb Radix Astragali (AST) exhibits significant growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects in @entity1 @entity5 cells. In the present study, the potential of AST in controlling angiogenesis was further investigated with elaboration of the underlying molecular mechanism in @entity1 @entity694 cell and @entity5 xenograft. RESULTS: AST decreased the protein level of @entity7 and @entity540 in HCT 116 @entity694 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Among the Akt/ @entity3470 signal transduction molecules being examined, AST caused @entity983 upregulation, reduction in Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation of @entity3470 . AST also suppressed the induction of @entity7738 and @entity7 under @entity5303 -mimicked @entity519 . These effects were intensified by combined treatment of AST with the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity3446 . Despite this, our data also indicate that AST could attenuate @entity5303 -evoked @entity2247 activation, while such effect on @entity2247 and its downstream target @entity7 was intensified when @entity3352 was concurrently treated. The anti-carcinogenic action of AST was further illustrated in HCT 116 xenografted athymic @entity19 . AST significantly suppressed @entity5 growth and reduced serum @entity7 level in vivo. In the @entity5 tissues excised from AST-treated animals, protein level of p-Akt, p- @entity3470 , @entity7 , @entity6758 and @entity319 was down-regulated. Immunohistochemistry has also revealed that AST effectively reduced the level of @entity2247 in @entity5 sections when compared with that in untreated control. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings suggest that AST exerts anti-carcinogenic activity in @entity694 cells through modulation of @entity3470 signaling and downregulation of @entity2247 , which together reduce @entity7 level in @entity5 cells that could potentially suppress angiogenesis.

title: Astragalus saponins downregulate @entity7 under @entity5303 -stimulated XXXX in @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride', 'CoCl2']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity263 usually metastasizes to bone and is untreatable due to poor biodistribution of intravenously administered anticancer drugs to bone. In this study, we modulated the surface charge/composition of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) to sustain their blood circulation time and made them small enough to extravasate through the openings of the bone's sinusoidal capillaries and thus localize into marrow. NPs with a neutral surface charge, achieved by modulating the NP surface-associated emulsifier composition, were more effective at localizing to bone marrow than NPs with a cationic or anionic surface charge. These small neutral NPs (~150nm vs. the more usual ~320nm) were also ~7-fold more effective in localizing in bone marrow than large NPs. We hypothesized that NPs that effectively localize to marrow could improve NP-mediated anticancer drug delivery to sites of bone @entity3 , thereby inhibiting @entity5 progression and preventing @entity604 . In a PC-3M-luc cell-induced @entity263 , these small neutral NPs demonstrated greater accumulation in bone within metastatic sites than in normal contralateral bone as well as co-localization with the @entity5 mass in marrow. Significantly, a single-dose intravenous administration of these small neutral NPs loaded with @entity1311 ( @entity4045 -NPs), but not anionic @entity4045 -NPs, slowed the progression of bone @entity3 . In addition, neutral @entity4045 -NPs prevented @entity604 , whereas animals treated with the rapid-release drug formulation Cremophor EL ( @entity4045 -CrEL) or saline (control) showed >50% @entity604 . Neutral @entity4045 -NPs did not cause acute @entity137 , whereas animals treated with @entity4045 -CrEL experienced @entity353 . These results indicate that NPs with appropriate physical and sustained drug-release characteristics could be explored to treat bone @entity3 , a significant clinical issue in prostate and other @entity5 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX with surface-modulated, drug-loaded nanoparticles in an intraosseous model of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced-stage prostate cancer', 'osteolytic intraosseous model of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent evidence has indicated that overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 may experience @entity73 , but the underlying mechanisms responsible for the association between overweight/ @entity28 , @entity1200 , and cognition have yet to be established. The present study aimed to identify a novel link between @entity28 and cognition in preadolescent @entity1 . A total of 27 male @entity1 (age: 8-10years) were recruited and separated by body mass index (BMI) into healthy weight (HW: 5th-84.9th percentile, n=16) and overweight/ @entity28 (OW:    85th percentile, n=11) groups. @entity1386 was assessed using dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry (DXA), and aspects of executive function were assessed using the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Monocyte populations ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (-), @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+)) with and without expression of @entity9172 ( @entity9172 ), and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs: @entity2280 (+) @entity1195 (dim)), in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. CPCs were isolated by flow sorting and cultured for 24h for collection of conditioned media (CM) that was applied to SH-SY5Y @entity521 to examine the paracrine effects of CPCs on neurogenesis. OW had significantly higher quantities of both populations of monocytes ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (-): 57% increase; @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+): 95% increase, both p<0.01), monocytes expressing @entity9172 ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (-) @entity9172 (+): 66% increase; @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+) @entity9172 (+): 168% increase, both p<0.01), and CPCs (47% increase, p<0.05) than HW. CPCs were positively correlated with @entity1625 in OW, and negatively correlated in HW with a significant difference between correlations (p<0.05). CPC content was positively correlated with executive processes in OW, and negatively correlated in HW with a significant difference in the strength of the correlations between groups (p<0.05 for correlation between OW and HW). Finally, CPC-CM from OW trended to increase neuroblast viability in vitro relative to HW (1.79 fold, p=0.07). These novel findings indicate that increased content of CPCs among OW @entity1 may play a role in preventing @entity73 via paracrine mechanisms.

title: Circulating progenitor cells are positively associated with cognitive function among overweight/ @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'obesity-induced immune system dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity9172 :: ('729230', 'Gene') :: ['CCR2', 'chemokine receptor type 2']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['decrements in cognitive function', 'cognitive and immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) prior to the diagnosis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and within the first 2   years of follow-up. METHODS: The @entity1252 collaborating clinics (SLICC) @entity731 inception cohort enters @entity1 within 15   months of @entity1252 diagnosis. MIs were reported and attributed on a specialised vascular event form. MIs were confirmed by one or more of the following: abnormal ECG, typical or atypical symptoms with ECG abnormalities and elevated enzymes (>= 2 times upper limit of normal), or abnormal stress test, echocardiogram, nuclear scan or angiogram. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 31 of 1848 @entity1 who entered the cohort had an @entity583 . Of those, 23 @entity1 had an @entity583 prior to @entity1252 diagnosis or within the first 2   years of disease. Of the 23 @entity1 studied, 60.9% were female, 78.3% were Caucasian, 8.7% black, 8.7% Hispanic and 4.3% other. The mean age at @entity1252 diagnosis was 52.5  15.0   years. Of the 23 MIs that occurred, 16 MIs occurred at a mean of 6.1  7.0   years prior to diagnosis and 7 occurred within the first 2   years of follow-up. Risk factors associated with early @entity583 in univariate analysis are male sex, Caucasian, older age at diagnosis, @entity101 , hypercholesterolaemia, family history of @entity583 and smoking. In multivariate analysis only age (OR=1.06 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), @entity101 (OR=5.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 18.23), hypercholesterolaemia (OR=4.43, 95% CI 1.51 to 12.99) and smoking (OR=7.50, 95% CI 2.38 to 23.57) remained significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In some @entity1 with lupus, @entity583 may develop even before the diagnosis of @entity1252 or shortly thereafter, suggesting that there may be a link between @entity32 and @entity731 .

title: Cardiovascular events prior to or early after diagnosis of @entity1252 in the XXXX collaborating clinics cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'systemic lupus international']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus international']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Borderline intellectual capacity (BIC) is defined by the detection of an intelligence quotient of between 71 and 84. In most cases, the diagnosis of BIC only represents the appreciation of one characteristic measured by intelligence tests. Thus, in most @entity1 with BIC there is an underlying disorder that has helped to configure an intelligence quotient within the borderline range. The executive functions themselves, in addition to playing a role in the cognitive foundations of the disorders associated with @entity11899 , also exert an effect on the degree of intelligence. AIM: To evaluate the impact of @entity409 in a group of @entity1 with BIC. @entity1 AND METHODS: A group of 87 @entity1 who had been diagnosed with BIC were selected and their clinical diagnoses were analysed. The scores from the BRIEF questionnaire for evaluating the executive functions were obtained for 51 of the @entity1 . These results were compared with those from a sample of @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity149 ( @entity71 , learning @entity245 ) was high in the group of @entity1 . Moreover, an important degree of executive function involvement was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity245 , and more particularly @entity71 , exert a strong influence on intellectual capacity. Early detection and intervention in those disorders may prevent many cases of BIC by lessening the sustained impact of a poor working memory.

title: [Borderline intellectual capacity and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodevelopmental disorders', 'difficulties and pervasive developmental disorders']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['executive dysfunction']


abstract: 1. Effects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on central dopaminergic system were investigated by testing the behavioral responses to @entity3826 and brain @entity935 metabolism in @entity19 . 2. @entity11755 for 48 hr significantly suppressed @entity3826 . @entity5828 (3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg, i.p.)-stimulated spontaneous locomotor activity without affecting the intensity of stereotyped behavior. 3. Neither the latency of nociceptive response in a hot-plate test nor the duration of @entity4485 -induced sleep was changed by @entity11755 . 4. @entity935 turnover in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens of REM sleep-deprived @entity19 was significantly higher than that of control animals. 5. These results suggest that @entity11755 may decrease the function of postsynaptic @entity935 receptor in the mesolimbic but not nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.

title: @entity11755 decreases XXXX -induced stimulation of locomotor activity but not stereotyped behavior in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['apomorphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) begins with @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio (ARR) measurement followed by confirmative tests. However, the ARR has high false positive rates which led to unnecessary confirmatory tests. @entity20805 challenge test (CCT) has been used as one of confirmatory tests, but the accuracy of it in the diagnosis of @entity1368 is still controversial. We aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of CCT as a post-screening test in @entity1368 . METHODS: In a prospective study, we enrolled subjects with suspected @entity1368 who had @entity101 and ARR >20 (ng/dL)/(ng/mL/hr). Sixty-four @entity1 who underwent both the saline infusion test and the CCT were included. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of plasma @entity1369 concentration (PAC) post-CCT was greater than that of ARR post-CCT and ARR pre-CCT in @entity1368 (area under the curve=0.956, 0.797, and 0.748, respectively; P=0.001). A cut-off value of 13 ng/dL showed the highest diagnostic odds ratio considering PAC post-CCT at 60 and 90 minutes. A PAC post-CCT of 19 ng/dL had a specificity of 100%, which can be used as a cut-off value for the confirmative test. Determining the diagnostic performance of PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes was sufficient for @entity1368 diagnosis. Subjects with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes <13 ng/dL are less likely to have @entity1368 , and those with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes >= 13 but <19 ng/dL should undergo secondary confirmatory tests. CONCLUSION: The CCT test may be a reliable post-screening test to avoid the hospitalization in the setting of falsely elevated ARR screening tests.

title: Diagnostic Role of @entity20805 Challenge Test in Korean Subjects with High XXXX -to- @entity916 Ratios.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['Aldosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To screen and construct the recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) strain expressing and secreting the @entity1 interleukin 12 (rBCG-12). METHODS: IL-12 complete gene including p40 and p35 subunits was amplified by PCR from a plasmid pORF-h IL-12 and cloned into @entity526 -Mycobacteria shuttle vector pMV361. The recombinant vector was named as rpMV-IL-12. rpMV-IL-12 was confirmed by DNA sequencing, and then rpMV-IL-12 was used, by electroporation way, to transform the BCG for getting the recombinant rBCG-12 strain. The positive rBCG-12 clone was screened and identified by @entity7913 resistance and IL-12 target gene PCR amplification. The IL-12 protein expression of rBCG-12 was induced with @entity1457 reaction. Then rBCG-12 culture supernatant and bacterial precipitation were collected respectively and analyzed with @entity214 -PAGE electrophoresis for their protein components. RESULTS: The recombinant shuttle plasmid rpMV-IL-12 was constructed successfully. The sequence of amplified IL-12 gene was consistent with GenBank report. By @entity214 -PAGE electrophoresis, it was confirmed that the IL-12 protein could express and secrete into the supernatant of rBCG-12 strain culture. CONCLUSION: The recombinant BCG strain expressing @entity1 IL-12 protein, rBCG-12 strain, is constructed and screened successfully. It is the foundation for further research on rBCG-12 immune function.

title: [Construction and screen of recombinant BCG strain expressing and secreting XXXX interleukin 12 protein].

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interaction of @entity880 with various sizes of @entity8894 clusters (MgO)(x) (x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18) is investigated. Density functional theory with the PBE functional and a polarized double-   basis set is employed to optimize the structures. For @entity11999 dimer, optimizations are also performed at the PBE/DZP, PBE/TZP, and @entity4885 /TZV(d,p) levels of theory, and single-point CCSD(T)/TZV(d,p) calculations are computed at the PBE/TZP optimized geometries. CCSD(T)/TZV(d,p) calculations show that the PBE/DZP results are off by no more than 5 kcal/mol. Dissociative adsorption of a proton bound to @entity26 is possible for the @entity4880 group, the @entity3787 group, and for a simultaneous interaction of the @entity4880 and @entity3787 groups. Associative adsorption of various functional groups is also possible, although these represent higher energy structures. All of the adsorptions are calculated to be exothermic. Dissociative adsorption of the @entity4880 group of @entity880 at the lowest coordinated @entity1760 sites is determined to be the lowest energy structure. Adsorption energies are found to decrease in magnitude as the size of @entity11999 increases. The geometry of the @entity8894 cluster changes to a nanorod-like structure when @entity880 interacts with higher coordinated @entity1760 atoms in double layer systems, but remains simple cubic when a third layer is added. The coordination environment rather than the size of the @entity11999 cluster appears to dominate the adsorption energy when the size becomes larger than (MgO)(12).

title: Theoretical investigation of surface reactions of @entity880 on XXXX clusters.

entities_list: @entity8894 :: ('MESH:D008277', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium oxide']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity11999 :: (CHEBI:31794,Chemical) :: ['MgO']


abstract: @entity5 of the heart are rarely seen. @entity5426 are @entity5 that almost always have a poor prognosis. @entity397 and @entity453 are very rare complications of primary @entity5426 . We describe a 57-year-old @entity1 suffering from primary @entity5426 with @entity1409 of the right atrium and right coronary artery (RCA). Theoretically, either of these @entity397 invariably results in pericardial effusion and tamponade that is rare but potentially life threatening. In this instance, however, the @entity1 might have developed @entity82 resulted from previous @entity2294 . A massive pericardial effusion was localized, which consequently prevented @entity2293 . Echocardiography revealed the @entity5 progression leading to detectable infiltration of solid mass into the right atrial (RA) wall, which is close to RCA. And color Doppler displayed the flow into the pericardial cavity through a disrupted RA wall and perforated RCA. Echocardiography remains the primary method of choice for evaluation of cardiac masses.

title: Primary XXXX with @entity1409 of the right atrium and right coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous adhesions']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic collapse']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous ruptures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['bloody pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac angiosarcomas', 'cardiac angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'Atrium rupture']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fistula']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['cardiac angiosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity876 and @entity14050 are central checkpoint genes involved in the repair of DNA damage after ionising irradiation, which has been associated with risk of @entity1313 . Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms and haplotypes in @entity876 and @entity14050 could be associated with @entity11 and @entity1653 risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six hundred and eighty @entity11 cases (298 @entity463 ( @entity463 )), 503 @entity1653 cases, and 1555 controls recruited in the Nordic-UK Interphone study, were analysed in association with three polymorphisms in @entity876 ( @entity39850 , @entity39851 , @entity39852 ) and five polymorphisms in @entity14050 ( @entity39853 , @entity39854 , @entity39855 , @entity39856 , @entity39857 ). Haplotypes were constructed using the HAPLOSTAT program. RESULTS: The global statistical test of @entity463 and @entity876 haplotypes was p = 0.02. The haplotype analysis on @entity463 revealed the 1-2-2 haplotype (promotor-codon72-intron 6) had a frequency of 6.1% in cases compared with 9.8% in controls (p = 0.003). The 1-2-1 haplotype was significantly more frequent in @entity463 cases, 10.2%, than in controls, 7.3% (p = 0.02). The haplotype analysis in @entity14050 revealed an increased frequency of the 1-1-1-2-1 haplotype in @entity1653 cases (33.8%) compared with controls (30.3%) (p = 0.03). The 2-1-2-1-1 haplotype had a lower frequency in @entity1653 cases (36.1%) than controls (40.7%) (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: This study found both positive and negative associations of haplotypes in @entity876 for @entity463 and @entity14050 for @entity1653 . This study provides new data that could add to our understanding of @entity1313 susceptibility.

title: Genetic variation in @entity876 and @entity14050 haplotypes and risk of XXXX and @entity1653 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analyze the clinical presentation, laboratory indicators, and outcome of @entity1 with late-onset @entity1737 (after 60 years). METHOD: This retrospective cohort design with prospective follow-up included 45 @entity1 with late-onset @entity1737 diagnosed in hospitals in Avignon, Montpellier, and Nimes between 1993 and 2000. Prospective data collection of their subsequent course took place in 2001. RESULTS: Median age at onset was 72 years and median follow-up 35.5 months. Initial symptoms were ocular (38/45, 95%) and bulbar (31/45, 69%). Initial Osserman grades were distributed as follows: 10 grade I, 2 grade IIA, 25 grade IIB, 8 grade III and no grade IV. Anticholinesterase antibodies were positive in 39 @entity1 (91%), response to anticholinesterase positive in 31/33 (94%), and electrophysiological abnormalities observed in 20/33 (61%). @entity1514 computed tomography, performed in 42 @entity1 (93%), found thymic abnormalities in 7. At least one comorbid disease was diagnosed in 41/43 @entity1 (93%) and an @entity792 in 18/43 (42%). In all, 42 @entity1 (93%) received anticholinesterase and 36 (80%) immunosuppressive therapy. Sixteen @entity1 (36%) died during follow-up, 8 of causes directly related to the @entity1737 . The relative risk of @entity204 estimated by odds ratios (OR) was highest for @entity1 with @entity5 (OR 8.6 [1.8-40.6]) and those with the highest Osserman scores: grades I-II OR: 0.05 [0.01-0.29] versus grades III-IV OR: 15.5 [2.9-83.0]. CONCLUSION: Late-onset @entity1737 is specific in many aspects (presentation, autoimmune and other comorbid conditions, and course) that require attentive care.

title: [ XXXX in the elderly: diagnosis, comorbidity and course: 45 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Little is known on the clinical effects of @entity2865 on @entity3124 @entity1 . We conducted this retrospective, observational study in 488 @entity3124 @entity1 to investigate the incidence of @entity2865 abnormalities, effects of hypochloremia in @entity74 , and association between @entity2865 and clinical outcome. The study involved retrieval of arterial blood gas analyses, biochemical and demographical data from electrical records as well as quantitative acid-base analyses. For statistical analysis, the @entity1 were stratified into three groups according to their @entity2865 level (normal range: 98-106   mEq/L). The distribution of @entity2865 levels was hyperchloremia 16.6%, normochloremia 74.6%, and hypochloremia 8.8%. The hypochloremic group was significantly alkalemic (P < 0.0001) and has significantly higher apparent strong ion difference (SIDa) (P < 0.0001) compared to the two other groups. The hypochloremic group had significantly longer stays in the ICU and hospital (P < 0.0001) with higher mortality (P < 0.0001). However, multiple regression analysis showed that @entity2865 was not an independent factor of poorer outcome. In conclusion, the acid-base characteristics of the hypochloremic @entity1 were alkalemia coexisting with higher SIDa. And although it was not an independent prognostic factor, hypochloremia was related to poorer outcome in @entity3124 settings.

title: The incidence and prognostic value of hypochloremia in @entity3124 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['acid-base disorders']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the results and complications of Latarjet procedure in @entity1 with anterior recurrent @entity2065 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 (52 shoulders) with anterior recurrent dislocation, surgically treated by Latarjet procedure, were analyzed retrospectively. The average follow-up time was 22 months, range 12-66 months; The age range was 15-59 years with a mean of 31; regarding sex, 42 (82.4%) @entity1 were male and nine (17.6%) were female. The dominant side was affected in 29 (55.8%) shoulders. Regarding the etiology, 48 (92.3%) reported @entity130 and four (7.6%) had the first episode after a @entity410 . RESULTS: The average elevation, lateral rotation and medial rotation of the operated shoulder were, respectively, 146   (60-80  ), 59   (0-85  ) and T8 (T5 gluteus), with statistical significance for decreased range of motion in all planes, compared with the other side. The scores of Rowe and UCLA were 90.6 and 31.4, respectively, in the postoperative period. Eleven shoulders (21.2%) had poor results: signs of instability (13.4%), non-union (11.5%) and early loosening of the synthesis material (1.9%). There was a correlation between poor results and @entity410 @entity1 (p  =  0.026). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Latarjet procedure for correction of anterior recurrent dislocation leads to good and excellent results in 82.7% of cases. Complications are related to errors in technique.

title: Evaluation of the results and complications of the Latarjet procedure for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the shoulder']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['anterior dislocation of the shoulder']


abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a central role in cellular regulation and protein quality control (PQC). The system is built as a pyramid of increasing complexity, with two E1 (ubiquitin activating), few dozen E2 (ubiquitin conjugating) and several hundred E3 (ubiquitin ligase) enzymes. By collecting and analyzing E3 sequences from the KEGG BRITE database and literature, we assembled a coherent dataset of 563 @entity1 E3s and analyzed their various physical features. We found an @entity2383 of the system with @entity74 predictors (IUPred - E1: 5.97%, E2: 17.74%, E3: 20.03%). E3s that can bind E2 and substrate simultaneously (single subunit E3, ssE3) have significantly higher disorder (22.98%) than E3s in which E2 binding (multi RING-finger, mRF, 0.62%), scaffolding (6.01%) and substrate binding (adaptor/substrate recognition subunits, 17.33%) functions are separated. In ssE3s, the disorder was localized in the substrate/adaptor binding domains, whereas the E2-binding RING/HECT-domains were structured. To demonstrate the @entity74 in E3 function, we applied normal modes and molecular dynamics analyses to show how a disordered and highly flexible linker in @entity1 @entity5315 (an E3 that acts as a regulator of several @entity669 kinase-mediated signalling pathways) facilitates long-range conformational changes bringing substrate and E2-binding domains towards each other and thus assisting in ubiquitin transfer. E3s with multiple interaction partners (as evidenced by data in STRING) also possess elevated @entity74 (hubs, 22.90% vs. non-hubs, 18.36%). Furthermore, a search in @entity4261 uncovered 21 distinct @entity1 E3 interactions, in 7 of which the disordered region of E3s undergoes induced folding (or mutual induced folding) in the presence of the partner. In conclusion, our data highlights the primary @entity2383 in the functions of E3 ligases that manifests itself in the substrate/adaptor binding functions as well as the mechanism of ubiquitin transfer by long-range conformational transitions.

title: Functional diversity and structural disorder in the XXXX ubiquitination pathway.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['levels of disorder', 'involvement of disorder', 'multiple disorder']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['role of structural disorder', 'increase in structural disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3126 often have marked @entity101 but, after reduction of the blood pressure, have a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (> or =0.50). However, the @entity3126 may not have resulted from isolated @entity67 but, instead, may be due to transient @entity299 , @entity339 , or both. METHODS: We studied 38 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; mean [+/-SD] age, 67+/-13 years) with @entity3126 and systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg. We evaluated the ejection fraction and regional function by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography, both during the acute episode and one to three days after treatment. RESULTS: The mean systolic blood pressure was 200+/-26 mm Hg during the initial echocardiographic examination and was reduced to 139+/-17 mm Hg (P< 0.01) at the time of the follow-up examination. Despite the marked difference in blood pressure, the ejection fraction was similar during the acute episode (0.50+/-0.15) and after treatment (0.50+/-0.13). The left ventricular regional wall-motion index (the mean value for 16 segments) was also the same during the acute episode (1.6+/-0.6) and after treatment (1.6+/-0.6). No @entity1 had severe @entity339 during the acute episode. Eighteen @entity1 had a normal ejection fraction (at least 0.50) after treatment. In 16 of these 18 @entity1 , the ejection fraction was at least 0.50 during the acute episode. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity101 @entity3126 , a normal ejection fraction after treatment suggests that the @entity4 was due to the exacerbation of @entity67 by @entity101 --not to transient @entity299 or @entity339 .

title: The pathogenesis of XXXX associated with @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['acute mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postprandial @entity4854 contributes to poor @entity413 control and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The objective of the study was to determine the effect of postprandial self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (pp-SMBG) on @entity413 control, lipids, body weight, and cardiovascular events. METHOD: Subjects with @entity6 hemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ) between 6.5 to 7.0% were randomized into the study group (at least two pp-SMBG a day and dietary modification based on @entity413 readings) and control group (dietary modification based on @entity413 readings but no mandatory pp-SMBG) for a 6-month, observational study. Oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin regimen was unchanged in either group if @entity3916 remained less than 7.0% during the study. End points included @entity3916 , lipids, body weight, and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-nine subjects, mean age 63 years, and body weight 88 kg were recruited. Hemoglobin A1c, weight, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and @entity1674 (TGs) were similar in the groups at baseline. By the end of 6 months, @entity3916 (6.7    0.1 to 6.4    0.1%, p < .05), body weight (88.5    7.3 to 85.2    6.3 kg, p < .05), LDL (92.3    2 8.4 to 81.1    22.6 mg/dl, p < .05), and TGs (141    21 to 96    17 mg/dl, p < .05) decreased in the study group, but did not change in the control group. No cardiovascular events were observed in either group during the 6-month study period. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 subjects who had already reached their @entity3916 goal, pp-SMBG at least twice a day was associated with further improvement in glycemia, lipids, and weight, as well as exercise and dietary habit. We assume that lifestyle modification promoted by postprandial @entity4854 awareness may underlie these findings. These results substantiate the importance of implementing pp-SMBG into lifestyle modification, and emphasize that pp-SMBG is critical in the control of @entity6 .

title: Postprandial XXXX monitoring further improved glycemia, lipids, and weight in persons with @entity6 who had already reached hemoglobin A1c goal.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: GH binding proteins (GHBPs) are present in the blood of several species and by complexing with circulating GH may alter its clearance and distribution. The actions of @entity1 @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) have hitherto been studied indirectly via their effects on the clearance of hGH. In the present experiments, recombinant preparations of @entity9045 and a shorter variant lacking exon 3 (delta 3hGHBP) were tested in vivo, either alone or after preincubation with recombinant hGH, recombinant 20K methionyl-hGH, or @entity35 GH. Multiple serial blood sampling was performed in conscious chronically cannulated @entity840 and both @entity9045 and GH variants monitored in the same samples by specific RIAs, unaffected by endogenous activities in this species. @entity9045 , delta 3hGHBP, hGH, and 20K met-hGH (10-40 micrograms) were all cleared rapidly when injected alone (t1/2 = 11-20 min). However, when the same amounts of @entity9045 and hGH were incubated together for 60 min and then injected, the clearance of both proteins was greatly prolonged (t1/2 @entity9045 = 75-94 min, hGH = 80-137 min). Similar results were obtained for hGH complexed with delta 3hGHBP, and over a range of GH: @entity9045 ratios from 0.3:1 to 4:1. The effect was specific for 22K hGH; neither @entity35 GH nor 20K met-hGH altered @entity9045 clearance, nor were their clearances slowed by preincubation with @entity9045 . Rapid complex formation also could be demonstrated in vivo. Injections of hGH 30 min after delta 3hGHBP, or vice versa, altered the established plasma disappearance curve of @entity9045 , and hGH clearance was slowed in parallel. During a continuous infusion of hGH to steady state, injections of delta 3hGHBP increased plateau hGH concentrations by forming a delta 3hGHBP/hGH complex in the circulation. These experiments show that the conscious chronically cannulated @entity840 provides a useful model in which the in vivo interaction between @entity9045 and hGH can be studied dynamically. The results imply that the location, extent, and rate of complex formation between @entity9045 and GH may be an important determinant of the passage of GH between the intra- and extravascular compartments, which could affect the pattern of tissue exposure to GH.

title: Growth hormone (GH) binding protein and GH interactions in vivo in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The authors studied the sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) of an epidural test dose containing either @entity3303 100 mg or @entity4487 100 mg as symptomatic markers of intravascular injection in labouring parturients. In a prospective, double-blind and randomized fashion 48 unmedicated and labouring parturients were equally divided into three groups. After placement of a lumbar epidural catheter the normal saline group (NS) received 5 ml normal saline i.v., the @entity3303 group (LD) received @entity3303 100 mg i.v., and the @entity4487 group (CH) received @entity4487 100 mg i.v. All injections were given during uterine diastole. Within the next one to two minutes a blinded observer recorded the @entity1 's perception of the presence of metallic or funny taste, dizziness, and @entity392 . We then calculated SN and SP of each symptom (alone and in combination) along with their positive (+) and negative (-) predictive value (PV). In both groups no symptom alone reached clinically acceptable levels of SN (< 87%). Only in the LD group, @entity392 +taste and dizziness+taste reached a SN of 100% with a SP of 81% and 69% respectively. While the -PV was 100% for both groups of symptoms, the +PV reached 42% for @entity392 +taste and 30% for dizziness+taste. We conclude that @entity3303 100 mg is a sensitive marker of intravascular injection in labouring parturients, and that @entity392 +taste is the most reliable indicator of intravenous injection.

title: Epidural test dose: @entity3303 100 mg, not XXXX , is a symptomatic marker of i.v. injection in labouring parturients.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroprocaine']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity4487 :: (MESH:C004616,Chemical) :: ['chloroprocaine']


abstract: In general, the prevalence of @entity146 among @entity1 with @entity1201 has greatly increased to date. However, inadequate @entity146 care of @entity1 with @entity1201 is an area of increasing concern. Many studies have been conducted in India and abroad to find out the prevalence of comorbid @entity146 in @entity1 suffering from @entity1201 . Although efforts have been made by the government and international organizations to solve the medical problems among this group of @entity1 , this disease still carries a number of psychosocial issues. The social stigma connected to these @entity1 makes this disease completely different from others. Even nowadays @entity1 affected by @entity1201 have to leave their village and are socially isolated. @entity308 is the most common @entity146 found in these @entity1 . Early detection and treatment of @entity146 among @entity1201 @entity1 is a powerful psychotherapeutic measure. Integrated healthcare strategy will be beneficial to these @entity1 . A comprehensive MEDLINE search and review of relevant literature was carried out and the data extracted and studied with particular reference to psychosocial issues in @entity1201 . The focus of this research work is related to @entity146 and social aspects vis-  -vis stigma in these @entity1 with @entity1201 .

title: Psychosocial aspects of XXXX ( @entity1201 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ["Hansen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['Hansen's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase and @entity15087 ( @entity2215 ) confer @entity5 cells sustained proliferation and survival potentials. Targeting telomerase or @entity2215 is a novel anti- @entity5 strategy. However, telomerase/ @entity2215 inhibition alone has minimal clinical efficacy. We explored the relationship between @entity2215 and @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and evaluated synergistic anti- @entity5 effects of targeting both @entity2215 and @entity1996 . METHODS: @entity2215 was depleted in gastric and cervical @entity5 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and analysed for @entity1996 expression using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Viable cells and apoptotic cells in @entity356 cells treated with @entity2215 siRNA or/and the @entity1996 inhibitor @entity12698 were measured using Trypen blue exclusion and flow cytometry. The in vivo anti- @entity5 effect of @entity2215 depletion or/and @entity12698 was evaluated using @entity19 xenograft models. RESULTS: Knocking down @entity2215 expression in @entity5 cells led to robust increases in mRNA and protein levels of @entity1996 . The @entity1996 promoter activity increased substantially in @entity2215 -depleted cells. @entity2215 depletion led to the activation of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase responsible for the stimulation of @entity1996 gene transcription. @entity2215 depletion or @entity12698 alone did not affect @entity5 cell survival, whereas their combination synergistically killed them both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: @entity2215 induces @entity1996 expression and simultaneously targeting @entity2215 and @entity1996 synergistically kills @entity5 cells.

title: @entity15087 inhibition stimulates @entity1996 expression in @entity5 cells and synergizes with XXXX to exert anti- @entity5 effects.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15087 :: ('21752(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity836 has been found to be an effective adjunct to treatment to reduce the rate of drinking among alcoholics. However, adherence to the medication has been of considerable concern; the high rates of noncompliance with the medication limits the benefits that could potentially be realized from this pharmacotherapy. Knowledge of predictors of noncompliance could result in interventions targeted at these variables. METHOD: @entity1 were 128 @entity167 -dependent @entity1 who participated in a clinical placebo-controlled trial of @entity836 . Upon discharge from a 1- to 2-week partial hospital program, @entity1 were randomly placed into 12 weeks of @entity836 (50 mg/day) or placebo (n = 64 per condition). @entity1 met with a physician and a research assistant weekly for 4 weeks then biweekly for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compliance (number of days taking medication) was not predicted by demographic or pretreatment @entity167 use variables. Number and severity of side effects in the first week, particularly @entity390 and @entity1295 , predicted early termination. Compliance was not predicted by commitment to abstinence or self-efficacy about abstinence, but was greater among @entity1 who believed more strongly that the medication would help them stay sober. Compliance was not predicted by general level of urge to drink during the first week on medication but compliance was greater among those with a higher urge to drink in response to @entity167 stimuli in the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for approaches to increase compliance include reducing side effects and increasing @entity1 ' beliefs in the efficacy of @entity836 .

title: Predictors of compliance with XXXX among alcoholics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['naltrexone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the detection of neck recurrence in @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), sometimes it is difficult to distinguish metastatic from inflammatory neck lymph nodes. The measurement of serum @entity3745 (sTg) under thyroid hormone suppression therapy the presence of serum @entity3745 antibodies (sAbTg), the diagnostic whole body scan and cytology can give false negative results. Measurement of @entity3745 in the washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of suspicious neck lymph nodes could improve the diagnostic accuracy. AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of detecting Tg in lymph nodes (LTg) suspicious by ultrasonography (US) and compare it to cytology. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between the years 2004 and 2007 we prospectively studied 30 @entity1 with @entity3557 and cervical US findings of suspicious recurrence. LTg was assayed in US guided FNAB used for cytology. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 30 @entity1 underwent surgery using as selective criteria an LTg higher than sTg or a positive cytology. Surgery confirmed the presence of @entity3 in all 15 @entity1 with positive LTg (8 with positive cytology) and in 1 @entity1 with negative LTg and positive cytology (a case with undifferentiated @entity259 ). The sensitivity was 93.7% for LTg and 56.2% for cytology. We identified by LTg 3 of 6 @entity1 with undetectable sTg and positive sAbTg. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of LTg showed a higher sensitivity than cytology for the detection of cervical lymph node @entity3 . This method is useful even in the presence of sAbTg.

title: [ XXXX levels in needle lymph node cytology for the detection of @entity3557 recurrence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['Thyroglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asbestos is known to be an independent risk factor for lung and @entity5 . However, to date, little attention has been paid to the psychological effects of @entity1355 exposure among exposed subjects. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of @entity308 among >2000 French @entity1 of the Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort (ARDCO), 6 years after their inclusion, to identify the risk factors associated with those @entity308 and to evaluate the impact of the @entity1355 -risk perception. METHODS: The ARDCO was constituted in four regions of France between October 2003 and December 2005, by including former @entity1355 workers. Between 2011 and 2012, @entity1 of the ARDCO program were invited to undergo another chest CT scan 6 years after the previous scan. @entity1 were asked to complete questionnaires including @entity1355 exposure assessment, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), @entity1355 -risk perception and self-perception of @entity66 . RESULTS: Among the 2225 @entity1 , 2210 fully completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of symptoms of probable @entity148 and probable @entity308 was 19.7% and 9.9%, respectively. The risk of @entity308 was independently associated with self-perception of the intensity of @entity1355 exposure, @entity1355 -risk perception and self-perception of @entity66 . CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this large study confirm that previously @entity1355 -exposed subjects are likely to develop @entity308 . Finally, implications related to the prevention of @entity148 and @entity308 among @entity1355 -exposed workers is discussed.

title: Anxious and XXXX in the French Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort: risk factors and self-perception of risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'anxious and depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cancers']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: @entity11 account for 40% of all central nervous system @entity5 . These are essentially localized @entity5 that have defied most treatment. In spite of improved techniques, surgery is unlikely to increase survival further since true @entity5 operations cannot be performed. Radiation therapy has made a significant difference in outcome. Investigation in radiation oncology is essential for further improvement in the treatment of these @entity5 . The pattern of failure is local @entity5 recurrence, but the method to overcome this resistance to treatment is not clear. Radiation therapy techniques and inherent radio-resistance have been considered as possible reasons for failure. With newer imaging procedures, the extent of @entity5 can be more accurately defined allowing improved treatment planning. Identifying an effective treatment program is more difficult. Studies have documented the beneficial effect of radiation therapy, but the optimal dose or fractionation schedule has not been determined. Whereas some studies have reported improved survival using higher radiation doses, others have reported no benefit. More recently, studies of multiple daily fractionation schedules have been conducted using two or three daily fractions. Equally confusing results have been reported. Histologically, these @entity5 have @entity39 areas and may be radioresistant due to @entity519 cells. Treatment methods designed to overcome the radioprotective effect of @entity519 have yielded disappointing results. The addition of @entity519 cell sensitizers has not produced the expected improvement in outcome. Studies using neutron radiation therapy report @entity5 control but not improved survival. Radiobiologic information is now available which may contribute to our understanding of the response of these @entity5 to radiation. Further laboratory and clinical investigation is required. Carefully designed clinical trials are needed to test new treatment concepts, and all radiation oncologists should be prepared to participate in such clinical studies.

title: XXXX --a nemesis which requires clinical and basic investigation in radiation oncology.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'cancer', 'neoplastic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Malignant glioma']


abstract: Macroscopic vascular invasion (macroVI) is associated with poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Whether microvascular invasion (microVI) is associated with the same adverse prognosis is unclear. One hundred and fifty-five consecutive @entity1 with confirmed @entity157 after LT from March 1991 to 2004 at our institution were reviewed. @entity1 had to satisfy Milan criteria to be accepted for LT. They were followed with surveillance images every 3 months while on the waiting list. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. @entity5 , and histopathologic characteristics were tested for their prognostic significance. Median follow-up after LT was 30 months. Overall graft survival rates were 87, 74, and 65% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. All recurrences (22/155, 14%) developed within 4 years after LT with an overall 5-year DFS of 79%. Vascular invasion, either microVI or macroVI, was more likely in @entity1 with multicentric @entity157 (n>or=3, p<0.001) and larger @entity5 size>4 cm (p=0.04). @entity5 size>5 cm (p=0.04), advanced pathological @entity13634 stage (p=0.007), microVI (p=0.001), and macroVI (p<0.001) predicted poor @entity5 -free survival on univariate analysis, but only macroVI was significant in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 54.2, 95% confidence interval 11, 266). Furthermore, only macroVI was a significant predictor of mortality after LT (p=0.01). Macrovascular invasion is strongly associated with high rates of recurrence and diminished survival after LT whereas microVI is not an independent risk factor.

title: Does microvascular invasion affect outcomes after liver transplantation for XXXX ? A histopathological analysis of 155 consecutive explants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Demographic, tumor']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['HCC']


abstract: The effect of synthetic @entity1 GH-releasing factor ( @entity29296 ) on @entity1943 (SRIF) release from the median eminence of the hypothalamus was evaluated in @entity35 with use of an in vitro incubation system. @entity29296 stimulated SRIF release in a dose-related manner. This effect was significant at concentrations varying from 10(-11)-10(-7) M, with a minimal effective dose of 10(-11) M. Maximal stimulation was observed at 10(-10) M. @entity1766 was added in vitro at a concentration of 10(-6) M to block @entity935 (DA) receptors, since DA is a known stimulator of SRIF release. @entity1766 was without effect on SRIF release and did not alter the stimulatory effect of @entity29296 . To evaluate the possibility that DA and GRF may share a common pathway to stimulate SRIF release, median eminence fragments were simultaneously exposed to submaximal concentrations of both DA (6 X 10(-7) M) and @entity29296 (10(-12) M). By themselves, each of these doses had little effect on SRIF release. When they were added together, a marked stimulation was noted, which was not, however, significantly greater than the sum of the responses to each agent alone. These results suggest that DA and GRF act by separate mechanisms to stimulate SRIF release. GRF may be physiologically involved in the regulation of SRIF release. Stimulation of SRIF release may be a mechanism by which GRF exerts a negative ultrashort-loop feedback to inhibit GH release.

title: Stimulation of @entity1943 release in vitro by synthetic XXXX growth hormone-releasing factor by a nondopaminergic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimozide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection about a megaprosthesis is a dreaded complication. Treatment options vary from d  bridement alone to staged revisions, arthrodesis, and amputation. Indications for how to treat this complication are unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore determined (1) the incidence of @entity281 , (2) the methods of treatment, (3) the number of @entity1 who failed their original treatment plan, and (4) the characteristics of the @entity281 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 291 @entity1 who had megaprostheses implanted between 2001 and 2011 and identified all those surgically treated for a perimegaprosthetic @entity281 during that time. We defined a treatment failure as any unplanned reoperation or death due to uncontrolled @entity281 . All @entity1 with failure had a minimum followup of 1 year (mean, 3.3 years; range, 1-8 years). RESULTS: Of the 291 @entity1 , 31 (11%) had subsequent infections. Surgical management varied among irrigation and d  bridement (n=15), single-stage revisions (n=11), two-stage revisions (n=4), and amputations (n=1). Sixteen @entity1 failed their original treatment plan: 13 required additional surgery and three died. Infections were mostly chronic and single organism with five being @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . CONCLUSIONS: An 11% incidence of @entity281 is consistent with the increased risk of @entity281 seen in other studies. A variety of surgical methods were employed at our institution and by those contributing to the literature without clear evidence of superiority of one method over another. Given the complicated medical and surgical histories of these @entity1 , individualization in decision making is necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Treatment solutions are unclear for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'perimegaprosthetic infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['perimegaprosthetic infections']


abstract: Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Mk-CSA) is required for in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation. Its in vivo significance in megakaryocytopoiesis is unknown. We studied 12 @entity1 undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at our institution. The bone marrow megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-Mk), the serum level of Mk-CSA, and the platelet count on the 28th day after BMT were studied. @entity1 with elevated Mk-CSA levels had less CFU-Mk in their bone marrow than did @entity1 with a normal or decreased Mk-CSA (p less than 0.01). Animal experiments using @entity19 models have documented that several purified molecules including @entity14190 , @entity2772 and @entity2304 possess Mk-CSA. The in vitro @entity26118 of WEHI-3-conditioned medium is @entity2772 . The in vivo significance for megakaryocytopoiesis of these factors is not clear. In the @entity1 system, Mk-CSA is increased in conditions with decreased bone marrow megakaryocytes. Recombinant @entity1 or primate CSFs have in vitro Mk-CSA utilizing both @entity1 and @entity19 cells as targets. However, the presence of these activities does not fully explain the Mk-CSA in human serum rich in Mk-CSA. The precise regulation of @entity1 blood cell levels and the studies discussed suggest that there is a specific @entity26118 that responds to in vivo changes in megakaryocyte numbers. Proof of its physiologic role awaits the isolation of a pure factor.

title: @entity26118 ( XXXX ): its physiologic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['Mk-CSF']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess by means of an ELISA technique, the occurrence of 3 putative periodontopathogens, @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 , in 3 clinically-defined adult periodontal conditions. Thirty systemically-healthy subjects were selected and grouped into 3 categories according to their periodontal health: 1) 10 @entity2521 subjects (PS), having moderate adult chronic @entity2521 ; 2) 10 untreated @entity2522 subjects (UGS), exhibiting no signs of periodontal destruction but presenting with clinical signs of mild @entity2522 ; and, 3) 10 @entity392 ( @entity392 ), having the same clinical status as UGS, but who received a thorough prophylaxis treatment within the past 7 to 14 days prior to the baseline examination. A total of 60 samples were collected subgingivally from the six Ramfjord teeth per subject in each group and ELISA analysis was carried out to give a semiquantitative estimate of @entity2523 . @entity3289 , and @entity14148 . The immunologic detection method suggested the presence of antigens of @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 in subjects from each of the 3 groups. When a global analysis for the 3 disease groups was performed at one time, statistically significant differences were found among the ELISA scores of the 3 bacterial species. For example, comparisons of the ELISA scores showed that the concentrations of @entity2523 differed significantly when comparing @entity392 to UGS and PS, but not when examining UGS/PS. The ELISA scores for @entity3289 were significantly different between @entity392 and PS. Mean concentrations of @entity14148 were significantly different when comparing PS to @entity392 or UGS, whereas no difference was found between the latter categories. Within the limited scope of this study, the concentration of antigens detectable from putative periodontopathogens like @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 differed among the 3 diseased groups, with @entity2521 subjects often showing the greatest level of antigens. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that, when using sensitive immunological detection methods, antigens of suspected periodontal pathogens can be found irrespective of the individual's clinical status. However, while detectable in the periodontal sites, the concentrations of these microorganisms are most likely to be above the threshold necessary to induce clinically-significant disease. Studies with larger sample size and standardized antigens are necessary to determine if the groups we found not to differ, were, in fact, different.

title: Occurrence of @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and XXXX in periodontally healthy and diseased subjects as determined by an ELISA technique.

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['T. denticola', 'Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['B. forsythus', 'Bacteroides forsythus']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['TGS', 'treated gingivitis subjects']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity14148 :: (158,Species) :: ['Treponema denticola']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of the sacrospinous colpopexy procedure for the treatment of @entity3577 following hysterectomy and marked @entity3134 . DESIGN: A prospective study of all @entity1 undergoing sacrospinous colpopexy for vault and marked @entity3134 between December 1991 and December 1992. SETTING: Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury. SUBJECTS: Forty @entity1 with @entity3577 following hysterectomy and 24 with marked @entity3134 . INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent posterior vaginal repair, enterocele sac obliteration and sacrospinous colpopexy. In 48 @entity1 an anterior vaginal repair with suburethral buttressing sutures was also performed. A long-needle bladder neck suspension operation (Raz procedure) was included for three @entity1 with coexistent stress incontinence. In 13 @entity1 a vaginal hysterectomy was performed and in 11 the uterus was conserved. A postanal sacrorectopexy was performed on one @entity1 with marked @entity3577 . RESULTS: The mean follow up period was five months. So far, there have been three failures in the group treated for @entity3577 . One of these underwent a successful repeat sacrospinous colpopexy and repair. The main long term complication was cystocele formation. One sexually active @entity1 complained of @entity546 following surgery. CONCLUSION: The sacrospinous colpopexy is effective in the treatment of @entity3577 and compares favourably with abdominal vault supporting procedures. It avoids major abdominal surgery and allows the surgeon to correct coexistent cystocele and rectocele. This procedure is also a useful adjuvant when treating marked @entity3134 .

title: Transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vault and marked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['uterovaginal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vault prolapse', 'rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity3134 :: (MESH:D011391,Disease) :: ['uterovaginal prolapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the long-term clinical efficacy of percutaneous repair of @entity338 . BACKGROUND: Percutaneous repair has emerged as an effective therapy for @entity1 with @entity338 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 126 @entity1 who underwent catheter-based treatment of symptomatic prosthetic @entity338 . @entity1 were contacted for symptoms, clinical events, and vital status. RESULTS: The 3-year estimate for survival was 64.3% (95% confidence interval: 52.1% to 76.8%). Mortality occurred due to cardiac, noncardiac, and unknown causes in 9.5%, 7.1%, and 5.6% of @entity1 , respectively. Among survivors, 72% of @entity1 who had presented with @entity712 were free of severe symptoms and need for cardiac surgery. Severity of residual regurgitation was not related to overall survival but was an important determinant of other clinical events. For those with no, mild, or moderate or severe residual regurgitation, 3-year estimate of survival free of @entity204 or need for surgery was 63.3%, 58.3%, and 30.3% (p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous repair of @entity338 can lead to durable symptom relief in selected @entity1 . Nonetheless, mortality remains significant in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity338 . Long-term clinical efficacy is highly dependent on residual regurgitation.

title: Long-term follow-up of percutaneous repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation', 'paravalvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation']


abstract: The structural basis of ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor @entity669 kinase MET by its natural ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ( @entity18942 /SF) is not well understood. However, interesting insight into the molecular mechanism of MET dimerization has emerged from crystal structures of MET in complex with a bacterial agonist, the invasion protein internalin B (InlB) from pathogenic @entity5125 . MET activation by InlB promotes uptake of bacteria into host cells. Structural and biophysical data suggest that InlB is monomeric on its own but dimerizes upon binding to the membrane-anchored MET receptor promoting the formation of a signaling active 2:2 complex. The dimerization interface is small and unusually located on the convex side of the curved InlB @entity368 -rich repeat (LRR) domain. As InlB does not dimerize in solution, the dimerization site could only be identified by studying packing contacts of InlB in various crystal forms and had to be proven by scrutinizing its biological relevance in cellular assays. InlB dimerization is thus an example of a low-affinity contact that appears irrelevant in solution but becomes physiologically significant in the context of 2-dimensional diffusion restricted to the membrane plane. The resulting 2:2 InlB:MET complex has an InlB dimer at its center with one MET molecule bound peripherally to each InlB. This model of ligand-mediated MET dimerization may serve as a blue-print to understand MET activation by NK1, a naturally occurring @entity18942 /SF splice variant and MET agonist. Crystal structures of NK1 repeatedly show a NK1 dimer, in which residues implicated in MET-binding are located on the outside. Thus, MET dimerization by NK1 may also be ligand-mediated with a NK1 dimer at the center of the 2:2 complex with one MET molecule bound peripherally to each NK1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Emerging recognition and activation mechanisms of receptor @entity669 kinases.

title: Structural basis of MET receptor dimerization by the bacterial invasion protein InlB and the XXXX /SF splice variant NK1.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity18942 :: (OMIM:135300,Disease) :: ['HGF']


abstract: Mastectomy is a surgical choice for @entity0 , yet breast reconstruction is underused in @entity1 older than age 60 years. Because of a paucity of information examining @entity0 reconstruction in the elderly, we sought to review our experience. By retrospective chart review, we evaluated 89 @entity1 older than 60 years having mastectomy and reconstruction from January 1998 to June 2008. Mean @entity1 age was 65 years (range, 60 to 74 years). The majority (41%) had Stage 1 disease or Stage 2 (30%). @entity513 in situ comprised 25 per cent and Stage 3 totaled 2 per cent. Mastectomy for ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence after radiation therapy and lumpectomy comprised 11 per cent. Most underwent immediate breast reconstruction (89%). Reconstructive techniques included two-stage implant (58%), transverse rectus abdominus musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap (10%), latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap with implant (2%), or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (1%). Complications included a 12 per cent infection rate, removal of two expanders resulting from exposure, one TRAM failure, and one TRAM required d  briding. Four @entity1 undergoing mastectomy with tissue expander had radiation resulting in one expander being removed. One local skin recurrence was treated with removal of implant and skin resection. Two @entity1 have died from metastatic disease. Age should not be a contraindication for breast reconstruction in elderly @entity1 .

title: XXXX reconstruction in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: Pre-mRNA from bone marrow of @entity95 enriched in erythroid cells was analyzed by T1 and pancreatic RNase treatment and poly(U)- and poly(A)-Sepharose chromatography to contain poly(A)-, oligo(U)- and double stranded sequences. The length of the poly(A)- and oligo(U)-sequences was determined by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis using poly(A)- and oligo(U)-standards of defined length. Poly(A) from poly(A)+pre-mRNA isolated according to the method of Holmes and Bonner shows a size distribution between 40 and 130 @entity2036 with an average of 75 @entity2036 . Hot @entity3971 extraction according to Georgiev et al. leads to a smaller size of about 25 @entity2036 . The oligo(U)-segment consists of 80% U and is about 25 @entity2036 long. Poly(A)+ pre-mRNA of about 12000--16000 @entity2036 posseses 1--2 oligo(U)-units and one double strand of about 70 nucleotide pairs. Most (greater than 90%) of the oligo(U)-and the double stranded sequences are localized at least 1700 @entity2036 away from the 3'terminus. Double strands were investigated with respect to their reannealing behaviour. The material consists of two types of double strands: 20% which reassociate at a cot/2 cot/2 of 1.3 . 10(-4) represent only one or a few types of double strands, the remaining 80% reassociate at a cot/2 of about 7 . 10(-2) and are more complex. Under hybridization conditions pre-mRNA molecules are able to self-annealation. 10% of the sequences become RNase stable.

title: Pre-mRNA from erythroid enriched bone marrow cells of the XXXX . III. Poly(A)-, oligo(U)- and double stranded sequences.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Primary @entity1318 is a @entity74 of the esophagus. The studies for @entity418 pathogenesis may reveal early diagnosis of @entity418 . DNA @entity2007 , @entity876 mutations and cellular proliferation are important factors in @entity5 development. As far as we know, we have not encountered any study on these factors in @entity1318 . METHODOLOGY: We studied DNA ploidy by flow cytometry and @entity876 and @entity1364 index by immunohistochemical technique and studied histopathology in the esophageal mucosa of @entity1318 and control @entity1 . RESULTS: DNA analysis revealed @entity2007 in 2 of 20 @entity1318 @entity1 but none of the 18 control @entity1 . Sixty-five percent of @entity1318 and 22% of normal @entity1 showed @entity876 positivity (P < 0.05). We have found normal mucosa, @entity5702 and @entity1141 in 13, 22 and 3 @entity1 and @entity876 positivity in 2, 12 and 3 of these @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.05). @entity1364 labeling indexes (as % +/- SD) were 34.8 +/- 12.2, and 28.4 +/- 9.3 in @entity1318 and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). @entity1364 labeling index was 28.0 +/- 8.2 in @entity876 (-) and 36.0 +/- 12.9 in @entity876 (+) @entity1 (P < 0.05). @entity1364 indexes were found 29.3 +/- 9.6 in normal histopathologic group, 31.8 +/- 13.4 in @entity5702 , and 41.7 +/- 6.5 in @entity1141 group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DNA @entity2007 , @entity876 positivity, and higher cellular proliferation index may have important role in the pathogenesis of @entity418 in @entity1318 .

title: Flow cytometric DNA analysis, and immunohistochemical XXXX , @entity1364 and histopathologic study in @entity1318 : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['primary achalasia', 'achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant disorder']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia-esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity310 antagonist continuation rates in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), or @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity1 treated with etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab at our teaching hospital. Drug continuation was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The logrank test was used to compare continuation rates. RESULTS: We identified 442 @entity1 who were prescribed 571 @entity310 antagonist treatments between August 1999 and June 2005. Among them, 304 had @entity309 , 92 @entity1691 , and 46 @entity5144 . In the @entity309 group, continuation rates were high with etanercept (n=157; 87% after 12 months and 68% after 24 months) and adalimumab (n=43, 83% and 66%) but significantly lower with infliximab (n=104, 68% and 46%; P=0.0001 vs. etanercept and P=0.01 vs. adalimumab). In the @entity1691 group, in contrast, infliximab (n=53) showed significantly higher continuation rates (89% and 83%) than did etanercept (n=39; 76% after 12 months: P=0.03). Overall continuation rates were higher in @entity1691 than in @entity309 (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Continuation was better with etanercept than with infliximab in @entity1 with @entity309 , whereas the opposite was noted in @entity1 with @entity1691 .

title: @entity310 antagonist continuation rates in 442 XXXX with inflammatory joint disease.

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations are heritable and may cause health disadvantages in the next generation. To investigate trans-generational mutations, we treated male @entity5682 delta @entity19 with @entity330 ( @entity331 ) (85  mg/kg intraperitoneally, weekly on two occasions). The @entity19 were mated with untreated female @entity19 and offspring were obtained. Whole exome sequencing analyses were performed to identify de novo mutations in the offspring. RESULTS: At 20  weeks after the treatment, the @entity5682 mutant frequencies in the sperm of @entity331 -treated @entity19 were 21-fold higher than those in the untreated control. Liver DNA was extracted from six @entity19 , including the father, mother, and four offspring from each family of the @entity331 -treated or untreated @entity19 . In total, 12 DNA samples were subjected to whole exome sequencing analyses. We identified de novo mutations in the offspring by comparing single @entity4334 variations in the parents and offspring. In the @entity331 -treated group, we detected 148 mutation candidates in four offspring and 123 (82  %) were confirmed as true mutations by Sanger sequencing. In the control group, we detected 12 candidate mutations, of which, three (25  %) were confirmed. The frequency of inherited mutations in the offspring from the @entity331 -treated family was 184   *   10(-8) per base, which was 17-fold higher than that in the control family (11   *   10(-8) per base). The de novo mutation spectrum in the next generation exhibited characteristic @entity331 -induced somatic mutations, such as base substitutions at A:T  bp. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that direct sequencing analyses can be a useful tool for investigating inherited germline mutations and that the germ cells could be a good endpoint for evaluating germline mutations, which are transmitted to offspring as inherited mutations.

title: Estimation of the frequency of inherited germline mutations by whole exome sequencing in @entity330 -treated and untreated XXXX delta @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity5682 :: (76282(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['gpt']


abstract: A multicentre Phase II study of @entity1259 has been performed in @entity1 with measurable or evaluable recurrent or metastatic transitional cell @entity150 . @entity1259 was given intravenously every 3 weeks at a dose of 100 mg/m2. An objective response rate of 28% was observed (one complete and nine partial remissions) in an evaluable group of 36 @entity1 , (confidence interval 15%-45%). Subjective improvements in the condition of @entity1 were seen in responding and 'no change' @entity1 . An interesting observation was the good response seen in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1494 who had previously received radial radiotherapy. @entity137 was considered to be acceptable and manageable, the most frequent being @entity1665 , and @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity137 was slight. One @entity1 developed @entity2118 , a not previously recognized complication of @entity1259 treatment. Three cases of possible @entity1370 were seen in the 43 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 . @entity1259 in thus an active agent in transitional cell @entity150 , with a role as a single agent for palliation. It may also be useful in combination regimens for more aggressive treatment.

title: A phase II study of @entity1259 in advanced transitional cell XXXX . The Yorkshire Urological Cancer Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 are defined by the relationship of its epicenter to the gastro-esophageal junction, which is presently defined as the end of the tubular esophagus. We have recently suggested that the true gastro-esophageal junction is best defined by the proximal limit of gastric oxyntic mucosa. AIM: To reclassify @entity420 of this region by the relationship of the @entity5 to the proximal limit of gastric oxyntic mucosa. METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 who had esophago-gastrectomy for @entity420 in this region were classified as @entity420 of distal esophagus (38 @entity1 ) and @entity356 (36 @entity1 ) by present criteria. The epithelial type at the epicenter and distal edge of these @entity5 was assessed. RESULTS: The epicenter of the @entity5 in 64 @entity1 with noncircumferential @entity5 had squamous (5 cases), cardiac (21 cases), oxynto-cardiac (4 cases), and intestinal (Barrett-type) (34 cases) epithelia. None had gastric oxyntic mucosa. Of the 10 @entity1 with circumferential @entity5 , 7 had cardiac or oxynto-cardiac epithelium at the distal @entity5 edge. CONCLUSIONS: If the gastro-esophageal junction is defined histologically as the proximal limit of oxyntic mucosa, 71/74 @entity1 would be classified as @entity420 of the distal esophagus. The other 3 @entity1 were questionable as to gastric or esophageal origin. We suggest that this reclassification based on the proposed new definition of the gastro-esophageal junction provides an explanation for the epidemiologic relationship that exists between @entity418 " and @entity354 .

title: @entity418 " are predominantly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the "gastric cardia', 'Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinomas']


abstract: Between january 1986 and december 1989 we prospectively studied 211 @entity1 with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). Documented by fundus photography and @entity941 angiography clinical and angiographic findings were analysed. The age ranged from 28 to 83 with a mean of 63 years. 104 (48.8%) @entity1 were male, 107 (51.2%) female. 51.1% right and 48.9% left eyes were affected. Mean visual acuity was 20/60. A non @entity63 type of @entity2994 was found in 46.9% and an @entity63 in 53.1% of the @entity1 . The mean visual acuity in the non @entity63 type was 20/50 and significantly better (p = 0.008) than in the @entity63 type with a mean visual acuity of 20/60 (Mann-Whitney test). @entity36720 was found in 14.7% and @entity1539 in 0.9%. One main branch was occluded in 82.9% and two main branches in 17.1%. The temporal superior quadrant was affected in 51.7%, the temporal inferior in 28%, the nasal inferior in 2.8% and the nasal superior in 0.5%. Hemisperical inferior @entity2994 were found in 8.1% and hemisperical superior in 5.7% of the @entity1 . A @entity2994 in the fellow eye occurred in 8.5% and a CRVO in the other eye in 3.8%. @entity1103 was present in 46.4%, a combination of cystoid and @entity63 in 23.7%, and @entity63 was found in 10%. Density of intraretinal hemorrhages was significantly (p = 0.046) and type of @entity1020 highly significant (p < 0.0001) related to the @entity63 type (Chi-square method).

title: [Clinical and fluorescein angiography findings in @entity1 with @entity2994 . A unicenter study of 211 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic maculopathy', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity36720 :: ('MESH:C563287', 'Disease') :: ['Preretinal neovascularisation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ), idiopathic @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are associated with increased risk of @entity1583 . Allogeneic transplantation could be a curative strategy in this setting but has been thought to be associated with increased non relapse mortality (NRM). We conduct a national French retrospective analysis of @entity8787 @entity1 transplanted for @entity1583 and were matched with 3 controls according to recipient, donor and transplant characteristics. Between 2004 and 2015, 18 @entity8787 @entity1 were transplanted. With a median follow-up of 33 months for @entity8787 @entity1 and 57 months for controls, the cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GVHD was 39% for @entity8787 @entity1 and 40% for controls. (HR 1.10, P=0.82). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 48 months was 52% for @entity8787 @entity1 and 43% for controls (HR 0.92, P=0.89). Non-relapse mortality at 48 months was 19% for @entity8787 @entity1 and 11% for controls (HR 4.93, P=0.067). Overall survival at 48 months was 59% for @entity8787 @entity1 and 60% for matched controls (HR 1.35, P=0.56). In conclusion @entity8787 should not be considered as contraindication for transplantation and its impact on comorbidity indexes should be reduced.

title: Influence of previous XXXX on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a matched-pair analysis.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']