abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 has been associated with the development of @entity65 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: We examined whether symptoms related to the 2 core features of @entity308 and @entity4270 -and @entity148 were differentially associated with cardiovascular hospitalization and whether there were symptom-specific mechanisms ( @entity285 , smoking, physical activity, body mass index, @entity413 , @entity165 , and blood pressure) in play. METHOD: A total of 1465 @entity1 in Dutch primary care completed the Edinburgh @entity308 Scale in 2005 and were followed up until first cardiovascular hospitalization during follow-up (event) or December 31, 2010 (study end). @entity797 regression analyses examined (1) differences in time to hospitalization for a cardiovascular event between @entity1 with a low vs a high baseline dysphoria/ @entity4270 / @entity148 score (adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders) and (2) mediating mechanisms. RESULTS: A total of 191 @entity1 were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event. In univariable analysis, dysphoria predicted a shorter time to cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.17). After adjustment for confounders, neither dysphoria (hazard ratio = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.91-2.64) nor @entity4270 (hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.47-1.48) was significantly associated with time to cardiovascular hospitalization. @entity148 was associated with a longer time to cardiovascular hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.89). However, none of the selected factors qualified as a mediator for the (adjusted) association between @entity148 and time to cardiovascular hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Dysphoria was associated with a shorter time to cardiovascular hospitalization in unadjusted analyses only, whereas @entity148 predicted later hospitalization after confounder adjustment. @entity4270 did not show a significant association. Mechanistic pathways remain unclear.

title: Depressive Symptom Clusters Differentially Predict Cardiovascular Hospitalization in @entity1 With Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression-dysphoria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia', 'Anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The interaction of developing thymocytes with peptide-MHC complexes on thymic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is crucial for T cell development, both for positive selection of "useful" thymocytes as well as negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes to prevent @entity792 . The peptides presented on MHC II molecules are generated by lysosomal proteases such as the cathepsins. At the same time, lysosomal proteases will also destroy other potential T cell epitopes from self-antigens. This will lead to a lack of presentation on negatively selecting thymic @entity1358 and consequently, escape of autoreactive T cells recognizing these epitopes. In order to understand the processes that govern generation or destruction of self-epitopes in thymic @entity1358 , we studied the antigen processing machinery and epitope processing in the @entity1 thymus. We find that each type of thymic @entity1358 expresses a different signature of lysosomal proteases, providing indirect evidence that positive and negative selection of @entity404 (+) T cells might occur on different sets of peptides, in analogy to what has been proposed for @entity405 (+) T cells. We also find that myeloid dendritic cells (DC) are more efficient in processing autoantigen than plasmacytoid DC. In addition, we observed that cathepsin S plays a central role in processing of the autoantigens @entity2610 and @entity2690 in thymic dendritic cells. Cathepsin S destroyed a number of known T cell epitopes, which would be expected to result in lack of presentation and consequently, escape of autoreactive T cells. Cathepsin S therefore appears to be an important factor that influences selection of autoreactive T cells.

title: Cathepsin S dominates autoantigen processing in XXXX thymic dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell division cycle 42 ( @entity5605 ), an important member of the Rho family, is overexpressed in various @entity1 @entity5 . However, its expression and role in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are not well understood. AIM: The present study was designed to investigate the expression patterns and underlying cellular mechanisms of @entity5605 in @entity788 . METHODS: First, immunohistochemical analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect @entity5605 expression in clinical @entity3123 and adjacent tissues. Second, differential expression of @entity5605 between @entity788 cells and normal cells was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Third, the correlation between @entity5605 expression as well as clinicopathological characteristics and @entity1 survival was analyzed. Finally, @entity5605 was knocked down to examine its role both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: The results showed significantly increased @entity5605 expression in pancreatic @entity5 tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, as revealed by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining. Compared to PanC-1 cells, @entity5605 expression was downregulated in HPDE6-C7 cells as shown by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. High @entity5605 expression was observed in 69.2% (83/120) of @entity788 @entity1 and was significantly associated with @entity5 differentiation (p  =  0.013), median @entity5 size (p  =  0.005), @entity5 infiltration (pT stage, p  =  0.04), lymph nodal status (pN stage, p  =  0.044) and TNM staging (p  =  0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed @entity5605 expression to be an independent predictor of survival of @entity788 @entity1 (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.60-5.61, p  =  0.001). Finally, we found that @entity5605 promoted the proliferation of PanC-1 cells both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that @entity5605 might play an important role in promoting @entity788 development, and the findings suggest that @entity5605 might serve as a potential prognostic indicator of @entity788 .

title: High Expression of Cell Division Cycle 42 Promotes @entity788 Growth and Predicts Poor Outcome of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pattern of lateral meniscus tears observed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured subjects varies greatly and determines subsequent management. Certain tear patterns with major biomechanical consequences should be repaired in a timely manner. Knowledge about risk factors for such tears may help to identify @entity1 in the early posttraumatic phase and subsequently may improve clinical results. METHODS: A database of 268 @entity1 undergoing primary ACL reconstruction was used to identify all @entity1 with isolated ACL tears and @entity1 with an associated tear of the lateral meniscus. @entity1 who underwent surgery >6  months after the injury were excluded. Based on the arthroscopic appearance of the lateral meniscus, @entity1 were assorted to one of three groups: 'no tear,' 'minor tear,' and 'major tear.' Tear patterns defined as major included root tears, complete radial tears, and unstable longitudinal tears including bucket-handle tears. Univariate analysis was performed by comparing the three groups with regard to gender, age, height, weight, BMI, @entity130 (high-impact sport, low-impact sport, and not sports related), and mechanism of injury (non-contact vs. contact). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify independent risk factors for minor and major @entity937 and to calculate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Two hundred fifteen @entity1 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of those, 56% had isolated ACL tears, 27% had associated minor tears, and 17% had associated major tears of the lateral meniscus. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups for gender (p   =   0.002), age groups (p   =   0.026), and mechanism of injury (p   <   0.001). A contact injury mechanism was a risk factor for minor tears (OR: 4.28) and major tears (OR: 18.49). Additional risk factors for major tears were male gender (OR: 7.38) and age <30  years (OR: 5.85). CONCLUSION: Male @entity1 , @entity1 <30  years, and particularly @entity1 who sustained a contact injury have a high risk for an associated major lateral meniscus tear. Special attention is therefore necessary in those @entity1 and early referral to magnetic resonance imaging and/or arthroscopy is recommended to allow meniscus repair in a timely manner.

title: Associated tears of the lateral meniscus in anterior cruciate XXXX : risk factors for different tear patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 plus @entity900 (GC) has been adopted as a neoadjuvant regimen for muscle-invasive @entity150 despite the lack of Level I evidence in this setting. METHODS: Data were collected using an electronic data-capture platform from 28 international centers. Eligible @entity1 had clinical T-classification 2 (cT2) through cT4aN0M0 urothelial @entity150 and received neoadjuvant GC or @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , plus @entity900 (MVAC) before undergoing cystectomy. Logistic regression was used to compute propensity scores as the predicted probabilities of @entity1 being assigned to MVAC versus GC given their baseline characteristics. These propensity scores were then included in a new logistic regression model to estimate an adjusted odds ratio comparing the odds of attaining a pathologic complete response (pCR) between @entity1 who received MVAC and those who received GC. RESULTS: In total, 212 @entity1 (146 @entity1 in the GC cohort and 66 @entity1 in the MVAC cohort) met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of @entity1 in the MVAC cohort (77%) received dose-dense MVAC. The median age of @entity1 was 63 years, they were predominantly @entity1 (74%), and they received a median of 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pCR rate was 29% in the MVAC cohort and 31% in the GC cohort. There was no significant difference in the pCR rate when adjusted for propensity scores between the 2 regimens (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.72; P   =   .77). In an exploratory analysis evaluating survival, the hazard ratio comparing hazard rates for MVAC versus GC adjusted for propensity scores was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-1.54; P   =   .48). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who received neoadjuvant GC and MVAC achieved comparable pCR rates in the current analysis, providing evidence to support what has become routine practice. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Comparative effectiveness of @entity136 plus @entity900 versus XXXX , @entity5713 , @entity632 , plus @entity900 as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the bladder', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity4262 with extensive femoral involvement, severe @entity3192 may cause @entity85 that are difficult to treat with a single-stage surgical procedure. We evaluated the results of treatment of such @entity1 with a two-stage procedure. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity4262 and severe @entity3192 (including one who required bilateral treatment and one who required repeat treatment) were treated surgically at a mean age of fourteen years and four months. A two-stage surgical procedure was planned to correct the deformity. The first stage involved correction of the @entity3192 and fixation with a hip plate. The second stage involved correction of a shepherd's @entity85 if present and definitive fixation with an interlocking cervicodiaphyseal nail. All @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean of four years and seven months after the second-stage procedure. RESULTS: The femoral neck-shaft angle averaged 83   before surgery and was corrected to a mean of 130   after the first-stage procedure. In two @entity1 , cutout of the hip screw-plate caused acute postoperative loss of correction (by 40   in one @entity1 and 20   in the other). After the second-stage procedure, the neck-shaft angle was either fully corrected or improved and the shepherd's @entity85 was fully corrected in all @entity1 . At the time of the latest follow-up, the mean neck-shaft angle was 124  , with a mean loss of correction of 5   relative to the angle measured at the end of the second-stage procedure. The mean estimated @entity190 was 625 mL in the first stage and 979 mL in the second. CONCLUSIONS: The two-stage surgical procedure designed to treat @entity1 with @entity4262 with complex femoral @entity3192 restored a nearly normal femoral alignment that was maintained at a mean of four years and seven months of follow-up. The clinical benefits were @entity158 relief in all of the @entity1 and gait normalization or improvement in most. The estimated @entity190 was substantial in both stages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Two-stage surgical treatment of complex femoral XXXX in @entity4262 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and severe coxa vara', 'coxa vara']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['complex femoral deformities', 'crook deformity']

answer: @entity3192 :: (MESH:D060905,Disease) :: ['deformities with severe coxa vara']


abstract: Background. @entity19339 results from a @entity600 of the vertebral processes, sometimes accompanied by @entity3570 ; its progression causes @entity7194 in the intervertebral joints and an anterior repositioning of the entire vertebra. Isthmic spondylolisthesis, on the other hand, most often results from a spinal fissure. The body and part of the arch are dislocated, while the intervertebral joints are normal. Treatment is indicated when there is @entity16 , or radiological signs of progression of the slippage. Material and methods. Twenty-five @entity1 with spondylolisthesis (14 with @entity6349 and 11 with isthmic) were treated surgically using in situ fusion, the Harrington method with posterolateral fusion, or transpedicular instrumentation with posterolateral fusion. Grade III or IV spondylolisthesis was reduced with traction screws. Decompression of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina was performed in @entity1 with @entity51 . Results. Complete @entity158 relief was achieved in 72% of the @entity1 , partial in 24%, none in 4%. @entity51 subsided in the majority of @entity1 . Complete recovery was achieved in 87.5% of the transpedicular @entity1 , 72.7% of the in situ fusion @entity1 , and 50% of the Harrington @entity1 . Transient @entity16 occurred in 2 @entity1 after complete reduction of the displacement, mechanical complications ( @entity3029 , rod or screw failure) in 2 @entity1 . Conclusions. @entity353 proved to be a riskier procedure than partial reduction.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX and isthmic spondylolisthesis.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Complete reduction of the slippage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurological symptoms', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxation or dislocation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplastic spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['hook dislocation']

answer: @entity6349 :: (MESH:D004416,Disease) :: ['dysplastic']


abstract: Spontaneous apoptosis was assessed in ten small-cell ( @entity4153 ) and five non-small cell (NSCLC) @entity2 cell lines by the TUNEL assay and chromatin cleavage. TUNEL staining showed significantly higher apoptotic index (AI) in @entity4153 (2-20%) compared with NSCLC lines (0.2-1%) in untreated exponentially growing cells. Six out of ten @entity4153 and none of the NSCLC showed DNA fragmentation when analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Field inversion pulse gel electrophoresis was used in a subset of cell lines and showed the presence of high molecular weight fragments in untreated @entity4153 lines U-1285 and U-1906 cells, but not in the NSCLC line U-1810. Important molecular determinants of apoptosis were studied by Western blot. @entity588 was detected at highest level in @entity4153 . There was no correlation between the ratio @entity588 / @entity589 and AI in all tested cell lines. Neither @entity876 nor @entity517 protein status correlated to AI. @entity522 was expressed in all cell lines without correlation to AI and no difference between the @entity4153 and NSCLC groups was found. In conclusion, this study shows a high degree of spontaneous apoptosis in @entity4153 lines compared to NSCLC lines unrelated to @entity588 / @entity589 ratio.

title: Higher spontaneous apoptotic index in small cell compared with non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines; lack of correlation with XXXX / @entity589 .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Large vessel vasculitides (LVV) are a group of @entity792 characterized by injury to and anatomic modifications of large vessels, including the aorta and its branch vessels. Disease etiology is unknown. This study was undertaken to identify antigen targets within affected vessel walls in aortic root, ascending aorta, and aortic arch surgical specimens from @entity1 with LVV, including @entity226 , @entity12040 , and isolated focal @entity3665 . METHODS: @entity2334 specimens and autologous blood were acquired from consenting @entity1 who underwent aorta reconstruction procedures. Aorta proteins were extracted from both @entity1 with LVV and age-, race-, and sex-matched disease controls with noninflammatory @entity439 . A total of 108 serum samples from @entity1 with LVV, matched controls, and controls with antinuclear antibodies, different forms of @entity1333 , or @entity295 were tested. RESULTS: Evaluation of 108 serum samples and 22 aortic tissue specimens showed that 78% of @entity1 with LVV produced antibodies to 14-3-3 proteins in the aortic wall (93.7% specificity), whereas controls were less likely to do so (6.7% produced antibodies). LVV @entity1 sera contained autoantibody sufficient to immunoprecipitate 14-3-3 protein(s) from aortic lysates. Three of 7 isoforms of 14-3-3 were found to be up-regulated in aorta specimens from @entity1 with LVV, and 2 isoforms (   and   ) were found to be antigenic in LVV. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use sterile, snap-frozen thoracic aorta biopsy specimens to identify autoantigens in LVV. Our findings indicate that 78% of @entity1 with LVV have antibody reactivity to 14-3-3 protein(s). The precise role of these antibodies and 14-3-3 proteins in LVV pathogenesis deserves further study.

title: 14-3-3 in @entity2334 : Identification of a Novel Autoantigen in Large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Vessel Vasculitis']


abstract: This study describes the use of cork as a new coating for bar adsorptive microextraction (BA E) and its application in determining @entity25851 , @entity25407 and @entity28728 in aqueous samples by HPLC-DAD. In this study bars with 7.5 and 15  mm of length were used. The extraction and liquid desorption steps for BA E were optimized employing multivariate and univariate procedures. The desorption time and solvent used for liquid desorption were optimized by univariate and multivariate studies, respectively. For the extraction step the sample pH was optimized by univariate experiments while the parameters extraction time and ionic strength were evaluated using the Doehlert design. The optimum extraction conditions were sample pH 5.5, @entity4202 concentration 25% and extraction time 90  min. Liquid desorption was carried out for 30  min with 250   L (bar length of 15  mm) or 100   L (bar length of 7.5  mm) of @entity2830 : @entity2716 (50:50, v/v). The quantification limits varied between 1.6 and 20   g  L(-1) (bar length of 15  mm) and 0.64 and 8   g  L(-1) (bar length of 7.5  mm). The linear correlation coefficients were higher than 0.98 for both bars. The method with 7.5  mm bar length showed recovery values between 65 and 123%. The bar-to-bar reproducibility and the repeatability were lower than 13% (n  =  2) and 14% (n  =  3), respectively.

title: A novel approach to bar adsorptive microextraction: Cork as extractor phase for determination of XXXX , @entity25407 and @entity28728 in aqueous samples.

entities_list: @entity25407 :: ('MESH:C009540', 'Chemical') :: ['triclocarban']

entities_list: @entity25851 :: ('MESH:C047723', 'Chemical') :: ['benzophenone']

answer: @entity25851 :: (MESH:C047723,Chemical) :: ['benzophenone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity51446 (TETS) is a potent convulsant poison that is thought to trigger @entity410 by inhibiting the function of the type A @entity1246 receptor ( @entity22099 ). @entity8769 with TETS can cause @entity391 , @entity410 , @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and even death. Clinical case reports indicate that individuals who survive poisoning may exhibit long-term neuropsychological issues and @entity73 . Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine whether a recently described @entity19 model of acute TETS intoxication exhibits persistent @entity146 . Young adult male NIH Swiss @entity19 received a @entity410 -inducing dose of TETS (0.15mg/kg, ip) and then were rescued from lethality by administration of @entity3175 (5mg/kg, ip) approximately 20min post-TETS-exposure. TETS-intoxicated @entity19 typically exhibited 2 clonic @entity410 prior to administration of @entity3175 with no subsequent @entity410 post- @entity3175 injection as assessed using behavioral criteria. @entity410 lasted an average of 72s. Locomotor activity, @entity148 -like and @entity146 and cognition were assessed at 1week, 1month and 2months post-TETS exposure using open field, elevated-plus maze, light   dark transitions, tail suspension, forced swim and novel object recognition tasks. Interestingly, preliminary validation tests indicated that NIH Swiss @entity19 do not respond to the shock in fear conditioning tasks. Subsequent evaluation of hot plate and tail flick nociception tasks revealed that this strain exhibits significantly decreased @entity158 sensitivity relative to age- and sex-matched C57BL/6J @entity19 , which displayed normal contextual fear conditioning. NIH Swiss @entity19 acutely intoxicated with TETS exhibited no significant @entity148 -related, @entity308 -relevant, learning or @entity2414 relative to vehicle controls at any of the time points assessed with the exception of significantly increased locomotor activity at 2months post-TETS intoxication. The general absence of long-term @entity146 in TETS-intoxicated @entity19 on these six assays suggests that the neurobehavioral consequences of TETS exposure described in @entity1 survivors of acute TETS intoxication are likely due to sustained @entity410 activity, rather than a direct effect of the chemical itself. Future research efforts are directed toward developing an animal model that better recapitulates the @entity159 and @entity410 duration reported in @entity1 acutely intoxicated with TETS.

title: Behavioral assessment of NIH Swiss @entity19 acutely intoxicated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits', 'depression-relevant behaviors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity51446 :: ('MESH:C010349', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['Acute intoxication']

answer: @entity51446 :: (MESH:C010349,Chemical) :: ['tetramethylenedisulfotetramine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondria play a central role in cellular physiology. Besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are involved in multiple cell functions, including energy distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, regulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), @entity460 homeostasis, and control of apoptosis. Simultaneously, mitochondria are the main producer and target of ROS with the result that multiple @entity2383 are related to ROS-induced @entity2383 . Increased free radical generation, enhanced mitochondrial inducible @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) activity, enhanced @entity842 (NO) production, decreased respiratory complex activity, impaired electron transport system, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores have all been suggested as factors responsible for impaired mitochondrial function. Because of these, @entity179 , such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity746 ( @entity746 ), @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), and aging, are caused by ROS-induced @entity2383 . @entity2493 , the major hormone of the pineal gland, also acts as an anti-oxidant and as a regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetic function. @entity2493 is selectively taken up by mitochondrial membranes, a function not shared by other anti-oxidants, and thus has emerged as a major potential therapeutic tool for treating @entity179 . Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown the protective role of @entity2493 for preventing oxidative stress-induced @entity2383 seen in experimental models of @entity191 , @entity195 , and @entity2033 . With these functions in mind, this article reviews the protective role of @entity2493 with mechanistic insights against @entity2383 and suggests new avenues for safe and effective treatment modalities against these devastating @entity179 . Future insights are also discussed.

title: XXXX : A Potential Anti-Oxidant Therapeutic Agent for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Related Disorders.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial injuries', 'mitochondrial dysfunctions', 'mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to monitor the long-term effect of @entity1088 administered to @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 with @entity716 . @entity911 , @entity1833 , and @entity716 are major dose-limiting factors for long-term dopaminergic management of @entity191 . Classic neuroleptic agents exacerbate the motor symptoms of the disease. For this reason, the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs has been a major advancement for the management of @entity716 in @entity1 with @entity191 . Of them, @entity1088 is one of the most effective. Thirty-two @entity1 (mean age, 73 years; mean disease duration, 12.2 years) with @entity191 and @entity716 (DSM-IV), 14 of them with @entity303 (DSM-IV), were followed for 5 years with periodic clinical evaluation, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and @entity716 Rating Scale (PPRS) administered before and following the study (at least once in 6 months). Periodic blood count was performed for tracking @entity1398 . Nineteen @entity1 (8 with @entity303 ) have continued to receive @entity1088 (mean daily dose, 50 mg). Thirteen @entity1 stopped medication: 9 because symptoms improved and did not return after weaning off @entity1088 ; 3 @entity1 because of somnolence; and 1 because of personal reasons. The average duration of treatment in those in whom medication was stopped was 8.5 months (range, 1-24 months). No correlation was found between age, sex, duration, and severity of disease (Yahr scoring), the presence of @entity303 , and the response to @entity1088 . Also, the PPRS scoring did not influence @entity1088 response. No case of @entity1398 was found. According to the experience accumulated and the results of the present study, the authors believe @entity1088 is the best therapeutic choice currently available for the management of @entity716 in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: @entity1088 in XXXX : 5-year follow-up review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian Psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease psychosis']


abstract: Contact interactions between glia and neurons are required for hormonal induction of @entity1160 synthetase in M  ller glial cells. Glucocorticoids induce a pronounced increase in @entity1160 synthetase gene transcription in the intact retinal tissue but not in separated retinal cells. However, if the separated cells are reaggregated and glial cells reestablish contacts with neurons, @entity1160 synthetase inducibility is restored. This study examines the possible involvement of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) in cell contact control of @entity1160 synthetase induction. Using the glucocorticoid-inducible reporter construct, p delta G46TCO, and control constructs that are not inducible by glucocorticoids, we demonstrated that the trans-activating capability of GR markedly declines upon cell separation. Analysis of @entity4738 protein revealed that cell separation results in a pronounced decrease in @entity4738 expression. This decrease temporally correlated with the decline in @entity1160 synthetase gene transcription. Cell separation also results in a marked increase in @entity1178 expression. This increase might be related to the decline in GR activity since elevation of @entity1178 expression in the intact tissue inhibits the transcription activity of @entity4738 . Over-expression of @entity4738 by transfection of a GR expression vector or activation of endogenous GR molecules by @entity5987 enhanced the responsiveness of separated retinal cells to glucocorticoids. These results demonstrate that transcription activity of the receptor protein depends on contact interactions between retinal cells and suggest that GR is involved in cell contact control of @entity1160 synthetase induction.

title: Cell to cell contacts control the transcription activity of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: Two bacterial strains were isolated in the presence of @entity12683 as the sole @entity505 and energy source from sediments of the Orbetello Lagoon, Italy, which is highly contaminated with both organic compounds and metals. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the two isolates assigned the strains to the genera Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas. The effect of different contaminants on the growth behaviors of the two strains was investigated. Pseudomonas sp. ORNaP2 showed a higher tolerance to @entity7935 , @entity8336 , and @entity18008 than Paenibacillus sp. ORNaP1. In addition, the @entity137 of heavy metals potentially present as co-pollutants in the investigated site was tested. Here, strain Paenibacillus sp. ORNaP1 showed a higher tolerance towards @entity3494 , @entity3409 , and lead, whereas it was far more sensitive towards @entity349 than strain Pseudomonas sp. ORNaP2. These differences between the Gram-negative Pseudomonas and the Gram-positive Paenibacillus strain can be explained by different general adaptive response systems present in the two bacteria.

title: Two XXXX degrading bacteria belonging to the genera Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas isolated from a highly polluted lagoon perform different sensitivities to the organic and heavy metal contaminants.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

answer: @entity12683 :: (MESH:C031721,Chemical) :: ['naphthalene']


abstract: The surface antigenic profile of 10 surgically removed @entity2184 and 5 conjunctival @entity320 was analyzed with a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against membrane bound @entity320 -associated antigens (MAA). In addition these lesions were tested for their reactivity with mAbs against MHC class I and II molecules, @entity4587 ( @entity1619 ) and @entity2282 ( @entity2282 ). The anti-MAA mAbs can be divided into two major groups: first those mAbs detecting markers expressed by the majority of @entity2184 such as NKI-Beteb, NKI/ @entity4417 , M-2-2-4, Mel-14, G7A5, AMF6, AMF7, Pal M1, @entity14409 , Me14/D12. The staining intensity for these mAbs was rather high, ranging in intensity between 70 and 100%. The second group of antibodies includes mAbs detecting markers not or very poorly expressed on @entity320 . The anti- @entity2071 mAb P358 did not react with any of the lesions tested and mAb @entity9502 and Muc54 only with one and two out of 15 lesions, respectively. The majority of spindle lesions and mixed @entity75 and half of the epitheloid @entity75 expressed HLA class I molecules, while HLA class II molecules were found on half of the spindle and epitheloid @entity75 and on a small number of mixed cell @entity75 . All spindle lesions were found to express the @entity2282 ( @entity2282 ) molecule and less than half of the other type of lesions were stained with an anti @entity2282 mAb. The @entity320 associated ganglioside @entity20577 was mainly expressed on epitheloid @entity75 while GD2 was predominantly expressed on mixed @entity75 . In essence, the overall surface phenotype of the @entity2184 tested, as defined by the panel of mAbs used, differs markedly from the surface phenotype of @entity320 defined by a very similar antibody panel.

title: Surface antigenic profile of @entity2184 analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type lesions']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma lesions', 'uveal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'ocular melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma lesions']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: The overall objective of this study was to develop an optical imaging approach to simultaneously measure altered cell metabolism and changes in tissue extracellular pH with the progression of @entity5 using clinically isolated biopsies. In this study, 19 pairs of clinically normal and abnormal biopsies were obtained from consenting @entity1 with @entity135 at University of California, Davis Medical Center. Fluorescence intensity of tissue biopsies before and after topical delivery of @entity25803 ( @entity25803 ) and @entity24672 -pHLIP [pH (low) insertion peptide] was measured noninvasively by widefield imaging, and correlated with pathologic diagnosis. The results of widefield imaging of clinical biopsies demonstrated that @entity25803 and pHLIP peptide can accurately distinguish the pathologically normal and abnormal biopsies. The results also demonstrated the potential of this approach to detect subepithelial lesions. Topical application of the contrast agents generated a significant increase in fluorescence contrast (3- to 4-fold) in the @entity5 biopsies as compared with the normal biopsies, irrespective of the @entity1 and location of the biopsy within a head and neck cavity. This unpaired comparison across all the @entity1 with @entity5 in this study highlights the specificity of the imaging approach. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that changes in intracellular @entity413 metabolism and @entity5 @entity520 are initiated in the early stages of @entity5 , and these changes are correlated with the progression of the disease. In conclusion, this novel optical molecular imaging approach to measure multiple biomarkers in @entity5 has a significant potential to be a useful tool for improving early detection and prognostic evaluation of oral @entity5 . Cancer Prev Res; 7(10); 1035-44.   2014 AACR.

title: Widefield Optical Imaging of Changes in Uptake of XXXX and Tissue Extracellular pH in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity25803 :: ('MESH:C098340', 'Chemical') :: ['2-NBDG', '2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity1771 as monotherapy in adults and @entity1 with recently diagnosed, localization-related @entity302 , comparing two dosages of @entity1771 in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. METHODS: Adults and @entity1 (>/=3 years of age) were eligible if the maximum interval since @entity302 diagnosis was 3 years and @entity1 had one to six partial-onset @entity410 during a 3-month retrospective baseline. At study entry, @entity1 (N = 252) were untreated or receiving one antiepileptic drug for less than 1 month. After randomization to 50 or 500 mg/d @entity1771 (25 or 200 mg/d if weight </= 50 kg), @entity1 remained in the study until 4 months after the last @entity1 was randomized or until @entity1 met @entity410 -related exit criteria (e.g., had two @entity410 ). The primary efficacy outcome was a univariate analysis of time-to-exit, which was time to second @entity410 in 96% of @entity1 . RESULTS: The time-to-exit (median, 422 days vs 293 days) favored the higher dose of @entity1771 , but this difference was not significant. When time-to-exit was analyzed with time-to-first- @entity410 as a covariate, the difference between dosage groups was significant (p = 0.01), reflecting the higher @entity410 -free rates (54% vs 39%, p = 0.02) and longer time-to-first- @entity410 (median 317 days vs 108 days; p = 0.06) in @entity1 receiving 200 or 500 mg/d @entity1771 . Higher plasma concentration was associated with increased time-to-first @entity410 (p < 0.01). Dose-related adverse events included @entity809 , @entity353 , @entity294 , and @entity1183 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the primary efficacy analysis was negative, time-to-exit analyses that included time-to-first- @entity410 as a covariate, between-group differences in @entity410 -free rates, and longer time-to-first- @entity410 with higher serum concentration provide evidence that @entity1771 is effective as monotherapy in @entity1 with localization-related @entity302 .

title: A dose-comparison trial of XXXX as monotherapy in recently diagnosed partial @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity505 ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for locally advanced sinonasal @entity420 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with sinonasal @entity420 were treated with CIRT. CIRT was the primary treatment for 16 @entity1 . Four @entity1 received CIRT for local recurrence after surgery and two for @entity5 after surgery or chemotherapy. At the start of CIRT, 1 @entity1 had T-classification (T) 2 disease, 2 had T3 disease, 5 had T4a disease, and 14 had T4b disease. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with 57.6Gy equivalent (GyE)/16 fractions, and 8, with 64.0GyE/16 fractions. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 43months for all @entity1 . The 3-year local control and loco-regional control rates for all @entity1 were 76.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]=56.7-97.1%) and 61.3% (95% CI=38.5-84.1%), respectively. The 3-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 59.1% (95% CI=38.6-79.6%) and 65.6% (95% CI=44.9-86.3%), respectively. Acute reactions of grade 3 of the skin and mucosa were observed in 2 and 4 @entity1 , respectively. Late reactions included lateral @entity227 (5 @entity1 ), @entity9645 (1 @entity1 ), and @entity39 with clinical symptoms (1 @entity1 ). In the 5 @entity1 who developed @entity227 , the optic nerve was close to the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: CIRT was effective and generally safe for locally advanced sinonasal @entity420 .

title: Feasibility of @entity505 ion radiotherapy for locally advanced sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['brain necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Sera from @entity19 infected with @entity380 were found to contain substantial amounts of an acid-active hemoglobinolytic enzyme. Recovery of this enzyme from aliquots of pooled 12-week infected serum, using a @entity815 -agarose affinity column, showed that a portion of the enzyme binds tightly to the column at pH 4.0, and can be eluted with 0.01 M @entity5189 . Another larger portion of hemoglobin-digesting activity is not bound to the column and emerges with the buffer front. Sera from @entity35 which were exposed to cercariae, but in whom worms were stunted and did not develop to maturity, were found not to contain hemoglobin-active protease. At the present time, the source of the enzyme has not been unequivocably proven. The enzyme found in the serum binds to and releases from the affinity column in the same manner as does hemoglobinase recovered from freeze-dried @entity383 worms. Maximal activity of both enzymes against the substrate occurs at pH 4.5-5.0. Present evidence suggests that the protease present in the serum is of worm origin. It is postulated that this protein may be excreted by the parasite during the process of regurgitation of gut contents. Presence of worm enzyme circulating in the host plasma would correlate with the known sensitization of the host to schistosomal hemoglobin-digesting enzyme.

title: Hemoglobinolytic activity of serum in XXXX infected with @entity380 .

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 : Female, 51. FINAL DIAGNOSIS: @entity2828 . SYMPTOMS: @entity227 . MEDICATION: -. CLINICAL PROCEDURE: -. SPECIALTY: Oncology. OBJECTIVE: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: Primitive @entity4969 / @entity2828 ( @entity6196 /EWS) is a round blue cell @entity242 that shows varying degrees of neuroectodermal differentiation. @entity6196 /EWS as a primary @entity5 is extremely uncommon. CASE REPORT: We report a unique case of @entity1897 presenting as an intracranial mass in an adult following chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a solid @entity5 . A 51-year-old @entity1 with previously treated @entity0 was evaluated for a newly developed @entity75 . She underwent craniotomy with resection. Surgical pathology was consistent with a @entity1897 /EWS with @entity2828 gene translocation. She was treated appropriately with @entity1891 , @entity786 , and @entity632 (later @entity4316 ) alternating with @entity1260 and @entity2879 . CONCLUSIONS: Although development of @entity6196 /EWS presenting along the CNS is exceedingly rare in adults, establishing the proper diagnosis of this "small blue cell @entity5 " is critical. The further distinction between central @entity6196 and @entity1897 can greatly impact both prognosis and treatment. Our case also highlights the importance of considering the impact of prior intensive therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, on predisposing to future @entity6196 /EWS.

title: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the dura in a 51-year-old XXXX following intensive treatment for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['left breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain mass']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral PNET']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity934 ( @entity3451 ), which can be synthesized and secreted by @entity5 cells, has been reported to play an important role in @entity5 progression. @entity3451 acts its role through activation of its receptors, muscarinic receptor (mAChR), and nicotinic receptor ( @entity6786 ). As a member of mAChR, @entity16237 ( @entity16237 ) is often highly expressed in many @entity5 . Activation of @entity16237 by @entity3451 participates in the proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and @entity105 of @entity5 . However, the effect of @entity16237 activation on @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains unclear. Here, our study found that @entity3451 dose-dependently promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of @entity1149 cells. After silencing of @entity16237 , the biological functions of @entity3451 in @entity1149 cells were greatly attenuated. Furthermore, @entity3451 stimulation increased the production of @entity687 and time-dependently induced the activation of @entity470 , @entity10412 , and @entity584 through @entity16237 . In addition, @entity3451 stimulated the activation of @entity10412 and @entity584 via @entity470 activity, and blocking of @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway by special inhibitor @entity2306 suppressed the @entity3451 -mediated proliferation, invasion, and migration of @entity1149 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of @entity16237 by @entity3451 enhances the proliferation, invasion, and migration of @entity1149 cells. @entity3451 -induced activation of @entity470 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway and subsequent @entity687 upregulation may be one of the important mechanisms of @entity16237 function. Thus, @entity16237 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity1149 .

title: Activation of @entity16237 by @entity934 promotes @entity1149 cell proliferation and invasion via @entity470 / XXXX / @entity584 pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity16237 :: ('1131', 'Gene') :: ['M3R', 'M3 muscarinic receptor']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity10412 :: (5293,Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: We have used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique capable of detecting one leukaemic cell in 10(5) normal cells to monitor @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in a retrospective study of @entity981 . We were particularly interested in comparing @entity41 findings in @entity1 in long-term remission, bone marrow relapse and apparent isolated extramedullary relapse (EMR). Archival slides were initially studied from 21 @entity1 . However, on subsequent analysis, only 15 @entity1 were informative at the molecular level. All seven @entity1 with EMR had evidence of @entity41 in the bone marrow at the time of relapse. Five of the seven also had evidence of @entity236 prior to EMR. In one of the seven @entity1 , @entity41 was not detected in a bone marrow sample studied 5 months prior to EMR. The remaining EMR @entity1 was not studied prior to EMR. Of five @entity1 who remained in long-term remission (mean 144 months), three did not have detectable @entity41 at the end of induction therapy (2 months) and all five were @entity41 -negative at the end of treatment (36 months). This contrasts with the three @entity1 who relapsed in the bone marrow at 8, 15 and 88 months post-treatment and who had evidence of @entity41 at the end of therapy.

title: Correlation of bone marrow @entity41 and apparent isolated extramedullary relapse in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow MRD']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the relative paucity of data regarding the clinical outcome in adult @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in Korea, we analyzed clinical courses in @entity981 @entity1 treated with VPD (L) regimen ( @entity1891 , @entity617 , @entity5699 , @entity4445 ) at the Seoul National University Hospital, and evaluated prognostic factors influencing the outcome. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity981 newly diagnosed between October 1994 and June 2000 at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-three @entity1 were evaluable. Induction chemotherapy consisted of VPD with (46 cases) or without @entity4445 (7 cases). After complete remission (CR), consolidation therapy, CNS prophylaxis and maintenance chemotherapy were administered. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 16 to 67 (median 30). CR rate was 86.8% (46/53) and no significant prognostic factor was found for the CR rate. With a median follow-up time of 27.2 months (range 12.9-83.0 months) in living @entity1 , the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for all cases was 16.7 months (13.4-20.1 months, 95% C.I.) and the estimated 4-year @entity1349 rate was 25.4% +/- 8.9%. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 12.2 months (8.4-16.0 months, 95% C.I.), and 3-year RFS rate was 29.9% +/- 10.2%. Poor prognostic factors for @entity1349 were Ph chromosome (p = 0.005) and T-cell immunophenotype (p = 0.03). For RFS they were Ph chromosome (p = 0.01) and the presence of a mediastinal mass (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Despite an initial excellent response to the VPD (L) regimen, newer therapeutic strategies, including more intensive postremission therapies, are urgently needed because of the high relapse rate. Future therapeutic approaches need to be stratified according to several prognostic factors.

title: Treatment outcome of adult XXXX with VPD(L) regimen: analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is a significant contributor to disability, and @entity28 is one of the most modifiable risk factors. The association between knee @entity571 and @entity28 has been reported to relate to quadriceps strength. To begin to examine this hypothesis, independent measures of quadriceps lean mass are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the absolute lower limb lean body mass in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . METHODS: Japanese @entity1 , aged 45 and over, who presented to a community orthopedics clinic, were categorized as 1) those with no @entity158 , presenting with @entity174 , @entity615 (n = 604); and 2) those presenting with @entity158 meeting clinical and radiographic criteria for knee @entity571 (n = 341). Segmental lower limb lean body mass (L-LBM) was measured with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and subjects were stratified by body mass index (BMI) by Western Pacific Region World Health Organization weight categories. RESULTS: Control and knee @entity571 groups were comparable with respect to age and BMI. Despite an increase in L-LBM with increasing BMI, there was a statistically significant reduction in L-LBM in knee @entity571 subjects in comparison with control subjects in matched normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 strata (11.1, 12.4, and 13.1 kg in the nonknee @entity571 compared with 10.5, 10.6, and 11.6 kg in the knee @entity571 group). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in absolute L-LBM is observed in older Japanese @entity1 with knee @entity571 in comparison with control subjects. Longitudinal studies are warranted in which L-LBM can be prospectively evaluated in a cohort followed for incident knee @entity571 to better characterize the temporal relationship with L-LBM decline. Clinicians should consider this reduction in L-LBM in @entity1 with knee @entity571 to recommend therapy aimed at reducing risk for @entity194 and disability.

title: Absolute reduction in lower limb lean body mass in Japanese XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sprain, or back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['knee pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of unstable @entity1171 , some @entity1 have persistent @entity158 and poor outcomes. This may be secondary to intra-articular injuries that occur at the time of @entity174 , which occur in up to 88% of @entity174 . Ankle arthroscopy at the time of ORIF has been proposed to address these intra-articular injuries. This study compared @entity1 -reported functional outcomes in @entity1 who underwent ankle ORIF with and without ankle arthroscopy. METHODS: An institutional database was used to retrospectively identify 93 @entity1 who underwent ORIF for an unstable @entity1171 with an intact medial malleolus between 2002 and 2013. Forty-two @entity1 had ankle arthroscopy at the time of ORIF and 51 did not. Functional outcomes between groups were compared using @entity1 Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function and @entity158 interference computerized adaptive tests at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Outcomes were also measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score and the Olerud and Molander @entity1171 outcome scale. Average @entity1 follow-up was 67 months (n = 51). RESULTS: PROMIS physical function and @entity158 interference scores were not significantly different between groups (physical function, 57.8 vs. 54.5, P = .23; @entity158 interference, 45.6 vs. 46.9, P = .56). Operative time was increased in the arthroscopy group (74 minutes vs. 59 minutes, P = .027). Overall, 60% (25/42) had chondral lesions of the talus, 7% (3/42) had chondral lesions of the tibial plafond, and 21% (9/42) had loose bodies requiring removal. There was no significant difference in complication rates between groups. CONCLUSION: At intermediate-term follow-up of @entity1 with unstable @entity1171 and intact medial malleoli, functional outcomes were not significantly improved in @entity1 who underwent ankle arthroscopy. However, there were no increased complications attributable to ankle arthroscopy, and average total operative time was increased by only 15 minutes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

title: Effect of Arthroscopic Evaluation of Acute XXXX on PROMIS Intermediate-Term Functional Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['Ankle Fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ) for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and @entity2176 -resistant enterococcus may have risks that outweigh the benefits. These risks, coupled with more widespread use of horizontal interventions such as daily bathing with @entity5164 , have brought into question the value of routine @entity5526 for these organisms. OBJECTIVE To assess the state of utilization of @entity5526 as well as adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of transmission in US hospitals. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. @entity1 Total of 751 physician members of the Emerging Infections Network. METHODS An 8-question electronic survey distributed by email. RESULTS A total of 426/751 (57%) responded to the survey; 337/364 (93%) of respondents use routine @entity5526 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and 335/364 (92%) use routine @entity5526 for @entity2176 -resistant enterococcus. The most widely used trigger for initiation of @entity5526 for both pathogens was positive clinical culture. Practices for discontinuation of isolation varied widely. We found that 325/354 (92%) perform routine @entity5164 bathing and 236/353 (67%) perform @entity794 decolonization with @entity23782 for 1 or more subsets of inpatients, and 82/356 (23%) reported using either @entity273 vapor or ultraviolet-C room disinfection at discharge. Free text responses noted frustration and variation in the application, practice, and process for initiation and discontinuation of @entity5526 . CONCLUSIONS Use of @entity5526 for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and @entity2176 -resistant enterococcus remains commonplace, although horizontal interventions such as @entity5164 bathing are increasingly used. The heterogeneity of practices and policies was striking. Evidence-based guidelines regarding @entity5526 and horizontal interventions are needed. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;00(0):1-5.

title: Routine Use of Contact Precautions for @entity3256 -Resistant @entity794 and XXXX -Resistant Enterococcus: Which Way Is the Pendulum Swinging?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'contact precautions']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['mupirocin']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: @entity150 is mostly superficial at first diagnosis. High incidence of recurrence is the major problem after initial management with transurethral resection (TUR) of @entity150 . Adjuvant chemotherapy has been advocated to reduce the incidence of recurrence. A study was carried out to observe the efficacy of intravesical adjuvant therapy with single immediate versus delayed multi-dose regimen of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in preventing recurrence of superficial @entity150 . One hundred @entity1 having intermediate risk superficial @entity150 were randomized into two equal groups. All @entity1 were followed carefully. Total duration of follow-up was minimum 12 months, maximum 36 months, mean 29 months. No recurrence was seen on 3(rd), 6(th) and 9(th) month of intravesical therapy. As much as 94% and 96% of recurrence free rate was observed in immediate single and delayed multi-dose group respectively on 12(th) month; 86% and 84% on 18(th) month; 74% and 72% on 24(th) month; 70% and 68% on 36(th) month of follow-up cystoscopy respectively. Efficacy of post transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) MMC single immediate dose was found similar to that of MMC delayed multi-dose regimen in preventing the recurrence of intermediate risk superficial @entity150 ( @entity1606 ) in the study. The difference between the two groups insignificant (p>0.05).

title: Intravesical adjuvant therapy using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder tumor', 'bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and possible side-effect of treating @entity308 @entity1 by traditional Chinese body acupuncture. DESIGN: Single-blind double-simulated randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient wards of neurology and rehabilitation departments. @entity1 : Sixty-eight (68) @entity1 who met the criteria were randomly assigned into two groups, 34 cases (32 completed) into intervention group and 34 cases (33 completed) into control group. INTERVENTIONS: Body acupuncture (Shuigou GV 26, Neiguan @entity11399 , and Zusanli ST 36) and oral placebo were used in intervention group while @entity905 and minimal nontraditional acupuncture (minimally active penetrating) were used in control group. @entity1 in both groups were treated separately once a day for 6 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and side-effects were measured using the Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS) of Asberg and a self-designed needling adverse events scale. Clinical effects of both groups were statistically valued before treatment, week-2, week-6, and month-3. RESULTS: The total curative effects of both groups are similar (p   >   0.05; evaluated in week-6 and month-3), while intervention group had an earlier onset time at week-2 (p   <   0.05). The intervention group has fewer side-effects in week-2 (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Body acupuncture was effective in reducing @entity64 @entity1 ' @entity308 and had fewer side-effects. It should be considered as an option for neuropsychiatric sequelae of @entity64 .

title: Traditional Chinese Acupuncture for XXXX : A Single-Blind Double-Simulated Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke depression', 'depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Poststroke Depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine 1-year changes in insulin dynamics in overweight Hispanic @entity1 at high-risk of type 2 @entity6 as a function of body composition and pubertal transition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Longitudinal changes in insulin dynamics, body composition and maturation were determined in 132 Hispanic @entity1 (70 @entity1 /62 @entity1 ; aged 10.9 +/- 1.8 years). METHODS: Body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and Tanner stage by physical examination. Insulin @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ), the acute insulin response to @entity413 (AIR) and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ; an index of beta-cell function) were determined using an insulin modified intravenous @entity413 tolerance test. These measures were conducted at baseline and 1-year later. RESULTS: Fat mass increased by 13% (3.0 kg) and @entity2915 declined by 24%. In repeated measures analysis of variance, the @entity1720 over 1 year remained highly significant even after adjusting for baseline fat mass, age, gender and change in fat mass. The fall in @entity2915 was not significantly influenced by Tanner stage. However, subjects in earlier maturation showed a compensatory increase in AIR (i.e. appropriate beta-cell compensation), whereas subjects in the latter stages of maturation did not (i.e. poor compensation). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that failure to increase AIR in response to the fall in @entity2915 may be one factor in the pathogenesis of the progression of @entity2175 in this at risk population.

title: XXXX and beta-cell function in overweight Hispanic @entity1 during pubertal transition: a longitudinal assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['disposition index', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['sensitivity', 'SI']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['fall in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['Deterioration of insulin sensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) has been reported in African Americans with @entity101 and @entity177 , far exceeding that in Caucasians. To assess and compare severity and phenotype of injury in biopsied African Americans and Caucasians who morphologically had @entity101 @entity9161 , we performed a retrospective biopsy study. METHODS: All renal biopsies with a histological diagnosis of @entity101 @entity9161 from the last 11 years were identified from our clinical files. Lesions of global and segmental @entity1463 , interstitial @entity82 and @entity455 were semiquantitatively analyzed as percent involved, or on a 0 to 3 scale, respectively. The phenotypes of global @entity631 also were categorized as either the solidified (that is, the entire tuft is solidified) or the obsolescent type (that is, Bowman's space is occupied by collagenous material and the tuft is retracted). RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 (19 African Americans, 43 Caucasians) were included in the study. At biopsy, African Americans were younger than Caucasians with higher serum @entity1011 , but no difference in @entity644 or mean arterial pressure (MAP). African Americans had a marked increase in the solidified form of @entity631 (25 +/- 6 in African Americans vs. 8 +/- 2% in Caucasians, P < 0.01). This extensive solidification of glomeruli was associated with segmental @entity1463 in African Americans (38 +/- 10%), contrasting low prevalence of solidified @entity631 in Caucasians with segmental @entity1463 (10 +/- 3%, P < 0.05) and in African Americans without segmental @entity1463 (10 +/- 4%, P < 0.05). African Americans with segmental @entity1463 were younger and clinically expressed a more severe @entity8 than Caucasians with this lesion. Interstitial @entity82 was greater in African Americans than in Caucasians (54 +/- 6 vs. 33 +/- 3%, P < 0.01) and correlated with @entity644 and serum @entity1011 levels, especially in African Americans, and also with @entity631 . @entity455 was worse in African Americans than in Caucasians (0.96 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.08 score, P < 0.05) and did not correlate with @entity631 . By modeling, neither MAP nor age was useful in predicting @entity75 and @entity644 accounted only minimally for the variability of @entity631 . CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure levels and @entity644 did not account for @entity75 , suggesting other factors (such as genetic factors, @entity66 ) may play a role. The phenotype of @entity631 differs in biopsied African Americans versus Caucasians with @entity101 @entity9161 , with a marked increase in the solidified form of @entity631 in African Americans. The association of extensive solidified @entity631 with @entity1347 in African Americans, but not in Caucasians, suggests different mechanisms may contribute to the development and progression of @entity1463 in these two @entity1 groups.

title: XXXX in African Americans versus Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular sclerosis', 'Vascular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['morphological lesions', 'any morphological lesions']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental sclerosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Extensive global glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive nephrosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1881 ( @entity270 ) has attracted considerable attention as a potential protective or palliative agent. In vitro its free-radical scavenging antioxidant action has been widely demonstrated. In vivo, however, @entity270 treatment exhibits negligible benefits against oxidative stress. @entity1881 influences lipid ordering within biological membranes and its derivatives have been suggested to inhibit the multi-drug efflux pump @entity1262 . This study employs the fluorescent membrane probe @entity37414 to investigate whether these effects are connected via influences on the membrane dipole potential (MDP), an intrinsic property of biological membranes previously demonstrated to modulate @entity1262 activity. @entity1881 and its non free-radical scavenging @entity4588 analogue induced similar decreases in the MDP of @entity2434 vesicles. @entity1881 succinate also reduced the MDP of T-lymphocytes subsequently decreasing the binding affinity of @entity485 for @entity1262 . Additionally, @entity1881 demonstrated a preference for @entity165 treated (membrane microdomain enriched) cells over membrane @entity165 -depleted cells. Microdomain disruption via @entity165 depletion decreased @entity485 affinity for @entity1262 , potentially implicating these structures in the influence of @entity1881 on @entity1262 . This study provides evidence of a microdomain dipole potential-dependent mechanism by which @entity1881 analogues influence @entity1262 activity. These findings have implications for the use of @entity1881 derivatives for drug delivery across biological barriers.

title: Alpha-tocopherols Modify the Membrane Dipole Potential Leading to Modulation of Ligand Binding by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['Saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol', 'alpha-tocopherol succinate', 'Alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: Lead is a non-essential element that exhibits a high degree of @entity137 , especially in @entity1 . Most research on lead has focused on its effects on organ systems such as the nervous system, the red blood cells, and the kidneys which are considered to be the primary targets of lead @entity137 . However, the molecular mechanisms by which it induces @entity137 , and @entity105 remain to be elucidated. In this research, we performed the @entity98 assay to assess the @entity137 , and the CAT-Tox assay to assess the transcriptional responses associated with lead exposure to thirteen different recombinant cell lines generated from @entity1 @entity96 cells (HepG2), by creating stable transfectants of @entity1 promoter @entity2755 (CAT) gene fusions. Study results indicated that lead @entity1507 is cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, showing LD50 values of 49.0 +/- 18.0 microg/mL, 37.5 +/- 9.2 microg/mL, and 3.5 +/- 0.7 microg/mL for cell mortality upon 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively; indicating a dose- and time-dependent response with regard to the cytotoxic effect of lead @entity1507 . A dose-response relationship was also recorded with respect to the induction of stress genes in HepG2 cells exposed to lead @entity1507 . Overall, six out of the thirteen recombinant cell lines tested showed inductions to statistically significant levels (p < 0.05). At 50 microg/mL of lead @entity1507 , the average fold inductions were: 2.1 +/- 1.0, 5.4 +/- 0.4, 12.1 +/- 6.2, 5.0 +/- 1.7, 2.5 +/- 1.3, and 4.8 +/- 4.5 for XRE, @entity2285 , CRE, @entity3726 , and @entity1477 , respectively. These results indicate the potential for lead @entity1507 to undergo biotransformation in the liver (XRE), to cause cell proliferation ( @entity1639 ), protein damage ( @entity2285 , @entity1477 ), metabolic perturbation (CRE), and @entity851 and DNA damage ( @entity3726 ). Marginal but not significant inductions were also obtained with the GSTYa (1.5 +/- 0.8), and GADD45 (5.7 +/- 8.1) promoters, and the NF-KB (2.0 +/- 1.7) response element, indicating the potential for oxidative stress. No significant inductions (p > 0.05) were recorded for @entity4187 , HMTIIA, @entity876 RE, and RARE.

title: Lead-induced @entity137 and transcriptional activation of stress genes in XXXX @entity96 (HepG2) cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   In general, @entity28 is thought to be associated with increased surgical mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, low body mass index (BMI) has recently been reported as a poor prognostic factor for surgical candidates. This study investigated the effect of BMI on lung surgery. Methods   A retrospective study was conducted on 1,518 consecutive @entity1 who had malignant @entity2 resected between February 2008 and March 2013. BMI was used to classify @entity1 according to the World Health Organization definition: BMI   <   18.5: underweight (UW); BMI 18.5 to <25: normal weight (NW); BMI 25 to <30: overweight (OW); and BMI   >=    30: @entity28 ( @entity28 ). We defined surgical resection-related mortality as any @entity1 who died within 90 days after resection or while in the hospital. We analyzed morbidity and surgical resection-related mortality, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for surgical resection-related mortality. Results   Among the four groups, the incidence of cerebrovascular complications was 1.5% in UW, 0.4% in NW, 0% in OW, and 0% in @entity28 , and that of @entity358 was 13.1% in UW, 8.4% in NW, 7.3% in OW, and 7.6% in @entity28 . Surgical resection-related mortality was 2.9% in UW, 0.6% in NW, 1.7% in OW, and 0% in @entity28 . Multivariate analysis revealed underweight, diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 , and male sex as the significant predictors. Conclusions   In this study, low BMI was an independent risk factor for mortality, and the incidence of @entity358 tended to be higher in @entity1 with low BMI than in @entity28 @entity1 . Underweight @entity1 should be closely monitored following pulmonary resection.

title: Body Mass Index as a Prognostic Factor in Resected XXXX : Obesity or Underweight, Which Is the Risk Factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'OB']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'cerebrovascular and pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4243 is a heritable connective tissue disorder with frequent neurovascular manifestations, such as @entity438 . @entity1 with this syndrome have notoriously fragile blood vessels, and the reported mortality rate for any type of vascular surgical procedure is 40%. This syndrome is rare, however, and the complication rate of @entity439 surgery may have been overestimated. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with @entity439 surgery in a group of @entity1 with @entity4243 . RESULTS: The @entity1 population consisted of three @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age of 44 years (age range, 20-57 yr). One @entity1 , who had a ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 , died as a direct result of surgery because of marked @entity2100 . Three @entity1 underwent successful surgery, consisting of a craniotomy and clipping of a ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 in two @entity1 and a craniotomy and clip ligation of the parent artery in one @entity1 with a @entity1756 . Intraoperatively, mild vascular or connective tissue fragility was commonly observed. @entity260 (e.g., spontaneous pneumothorax and @entity4066 ) also were common but did not result in permanent morbidity. CONCLUSION: The risk of neurovascular surgery is high in @entity1 with @entity260 are common. However, most @entity1 tolerate the operation without permanent morbidity.

title: Intracranial @entity439 surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV and intra- and postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['vascular fragility']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV']


abstract: A total of 51 fully evaluable @entity1 with advanced and intensively pretreated @entity0 were treated with a combination chemotherapy of @entity1260 plus mesna, @entity1499 and @entity1487 . All @entity1 had received at least one series of combined chemotherapy, 30 @entity1 had received more than one combination and 41 @entity1 had had anthracyclines before. @entity3 in more than one site were found in 42 @entity1 , and 24 @entity1 had metastatic @entity409 . Partial remission was achieved in 10 @entity1 (20%) and no change in 16 @entity1 (31%). Survival was almost identical in both groups of responding @entity1 and significantly shorter in treatment failures. Response was favorable in @entity1 without pretreatment with @entity8253 . Two @entity1 who received this protocol directly after progression with @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF protocol) responded with a partial remission. Median time to progression was 7 months for partial responders and 4.5 months for @entity1 achieving a no-change status. Median survival was 8 months for all @entity1 . @entity137 was tolerable. @entity1431 and @entity882 were treatment-limiting parameters. Overall, this protocol is well tolerable and effective in @entity0 @entity1 with @entity1442 and in intensively pretreated @entity1 .

title: @entity1260 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 for pretreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Elevated plasma @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) levels in @entity1 with @entity4094 may erroneously lead to the diagnosis of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -In 122 @entity1 with @entity13785 , the relationship between @entity10020 , @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ), @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity908 kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) levels and skeletal @entity121 was assessed. ECG and echocardiography were used to evaluate possible @entity299 . @entity1 were divided into classic infantile, childhood onset and adult onset @entity1 . @entity10020 levels were elevated in 82% of @entity1 (median 27 ng/L, normal values <14 ng/L). @entity6949 levels were normal in all @entity1 , while CK-MB levels were increased in 59% of @entity1 . @entity10020 levels correlated with CK levels in all three subgroups (P<.001). None of the abnormal ECGs recorded in 21 @entity1 were indicative of @entity583 , and there were no differences in @entity10020 levels between @entity1 with and without (n=90) abnormalities on ECG (median 28 ng/L in both groups). The median left ventricular mass index measured with echocardiography was normal in all three subgroups. @entity10020 mRNA expression was not detectable in controls but was strongly induced in Pompe @entity1 . @entity10020 protein was identified by mass spectrometry in @entity1 -derived skeletal muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS: -Elevated plasma @entity10020 levels in @entity1 with @entity13785 are associated with skeletal @entity121 rather than acute @entity296 . Increased @entity10020 levels in @entity13785 and likely other @entity4094 , should be interpreted with caution to avoid unnecessary cardiac interventions.

title: Elevated Plasma XXXX Levels due to Skeletal Muscle Damage in @entity13785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity10020 :: (7139,Gene) :: ['Cardiac Troponin T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is widely accepted as a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting intra-abdominal and intrathoracic @entity548 in @entity130 @entity1 . Nevertheless, many doctors are reluctant to use it because they do not have sufficient training. This study aimed to define intra-abdominal and intrathoracic fluid volumes that can be detected by sonography and their relation to fluid width in @entity1707 to establish a clinically relevant animal model for teaching and training. METHODS: Different volumes of normal saline were infused into the abdomen (50-2,000 mL) and chest (25-250 mL) in five anesthetized @entity1707 . The maximum width of fluid as detected by ultrasound was recorded. The right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, pelvis, and right paracolic section of the abdomen and right @entity1143 were studied. An experienced radiologist performed the studies. The effects on respiratory and cardiovascular functions were evaluated. RESULTS: The sonographic findings in the @entity1707 were similar to those in @entity1 . Up to 50 mL of intra-abdominal fluid and up to 25 mL of intrathoracic fluid could be detected by ultrasound. There was a significant correlation between the volume infused and the fluid width detected. The respiratory and cardiovascular monitoring of the animals showed that the infused intrathoracic volumes mimicked a survivable hemothorax. CONCLUSION: The @entity1707 may serve as an excellent clinically relevant model with which to teach surgeons detection of different volumes of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic fluids. The value of this model as an educational tool has yet to be tested.

title: Establishment of a teaching animal model for sonographic diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A new method has been developed that permits constant postoperative monitoring of mean and phasic cardiac output in @entity1 after correction of @entity4297 . A miniature ultrasound probe is attached to the adventitia of the ascending aorta at the conclusion of the operative procedure. This is connected to the monitoring equipment by means of @entity2636 -covered wires that exit the chest wall through a small stab wound. The probe can easily be removed by gentle traction when the @entity1 's condition is stable. The technique was developed, validated, and refined in extensive animal studies, and this report describes the first series of 20 consecutive @entity1 implants, performed between August 1984 and September 1985, in which the absolute cardiac output determination obtained with the ultrasound probe at the time of its application was correlated with cardiac output as measured with a standard electromagnetic flow probe. Fourteen male and six female @entity1 (mean age 5.5 years) were studied. Operations performed included eight @entity118 repairs, four procedures for tetralogy of Fallot, three @entity1757 repairs, three stenotic valve corrections, and two Senning operations. One @entity204 occurred, but no complications were related to probe application or removal. The average cardiac output in the 20 @entity1 as measured with the ultrasound probe was 2.2 +/- 1.1 L/min (range 0.67 to 5.27 L/min). This is nearly identical to the results noted with the electromagnetic flow probe, where the mean cardiac output was 2.3 +/- 1.2 L/min (range 0.7 to 6 L/min). Regression analysis revealed a high linear correlation (r = 0.9) between the two techniques. A monitor can display the cardiac output trend with 1 minute updates, which greatly enhance management of intravenous drug therapy and volume administration. In conclusion, this new extraluminal removable probe allows virtually continuous monitoring of the postoperative cardiac output after correction of @entity4297 and should become a standard technique in the postoperative care of these @entity1 .

title: Constant postoperative monitoring of cardiac output after correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: A 10-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for @entity221 , @entity353 , @entity1596 , normocytic, @entity417 , @entity177 , and @entity4754 of 8 weeks' duration. Infectious and neoplastic causes of @entity221 were excluded. A renal biopsy performed in the 4th week of disease revealed diffuse plasmocytic @entity1986 . No treatment was prescribed and the @entity1 was transferred to another hospital. Because clinical symptoms and @entity177 were still present, in the 8th week of disease a second biopsy was performed, which showed lympho-monocytic @entity1986 . At the same time, phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was carried out, revealing a significantly decreased number of CD3(+), @entity404 (+), and CD3(+)/ @entity405 (+) cells, increased non-T CD3(-)/ @entity405 (+) and CD56(+) NK cells, and decreased "na  ve" (CD45RA(+)/ @entity404 (+)) and memory (CD45RO(+)/ @entity405 (+)) T lymphocytes. A 6-month course of oral @entity229 was prescribed. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings quickly returned to normal values. After 13 days of corticosteroid therapy, a second phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed, which revealed normalization of CD3(+), @entity404 (+), and CD3(+)/ @entity405 (+) cells as well as proportions of non-T @entity405 (+) and CD56(+) NK lymphocytes, "na  ve" and memory cells. This case shows spontaneous evolution of tubulointerstitial infiltrates from plasmacytic to lympho-monocytic, profound disturbances of the immunological system, and the beneficial effect of @entity288 on both the clinical course and immunological disturbances.

title: @entity1986 with XXXX : clinico-pathological and immunological study.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['normochromic anemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']