abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an important therapeutic modality in drug refractory symptomatic @entity1 of @entity712 with wide QRS (>= 120 ms) on electrocardiogram. However, wide QRS (considered as a marker of electrical dyssynchrony) occurs in only 30% of @entity712 @entity1 , making majority of drug @entity712 @entity1 ineligible for resynchronization therapy. Significant numbers of @entity1 with narrow QRS have echocardiographic evidence of @entity1002 . However, there is sparse data about additional features on the surface ECG which can predict @entity1757 . This study was undertaken to assess the utility of fragmented narrow QRS complex to predict significant @entity1757 in symptomatic @entity1 of @entity384 . METHOD: 100 symptomatic @entity1 of @entity384 with narrow QRS complexes (50 each with fragmented and normal QRS) were recruited. Tissue Doppler imaging was used to assess @entity1757 as per 'Yu index'. RESULTS: 78% @entity1 (n = 39) in fQRS complex group and 14% (n = 7) in normal QRS complex group had significant @entity1757 (  (2) = 20.61; p < 0.000005). fQRS complexes had 84.78% sensitivity, 79.62% specificity, a positive predictive value of 78% and negative predictive value of 86% to detect @entity1757 . fQRS also had sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 90% respectively to localize the @entity1347 . CONCLUSION: fQRS is a marker of electrical dyssynchrony, which results in significant @entity1757 in @entity1 of @entity384 and a narrow QRS interval. fQRS localizes the @entity1347 and might be useful in identifying @entity1 who can benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy.

title: Fragmented narrow QRS complex: predictor of @entity1002 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynchronous segment']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity33262 mutation of the @entity20618 was found in @entity1 with @entity4306 . A transgenic animal carrying this mutation could be useful as a genetic model system of @entity788 . METHODS: @entity19 transgenic for the @entity1 @entity33262 @entity20618 were generated using the -205 fragment of the @entity35 elastase promoter. The presence of the transgene was assayed in the DNA, in pancreatic mRNA and in zymogen granule lysates. Serum levels of amylase, @entity26317 and cytokines ( @entity8929 , @entity777 ) were monitored and the histological appearance of the tissue was investigated. @entity788 was induced by 7 hourly injections of 50 mug/kg @entity8629 . The procedure was repeated twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. The animals were sacrificed 24 (n = 8) and 48 hours (n = 8) after the first injection and at the end of the whole treatment (n = 7). RESULTS: The transgene was detected at the genomic level and in pancreatic mRNA. The corresponding protein was found in low amounts in zymogen granule lysates. @entity33262 @entity19 showed elevated pancreatic @entity26317 , but there was no spontaneous development of @entity788 within 18 months. After induction of @entity788 , levels of @entity26317 (after 24 hours) and amylase (after 48 hours) were higher in @entity33262 @entity19 compared to controls. Repeated treatment with @entity8629 resulted in a slightly more severe @entity788 in @entity33262 animals. Amylase, @entity26317 , and the cytokine levels were similar to controls. CONCLUSION: The @entity33262 transgenic @entity19 failed to develop a spontaneous @entity788 but a repeatedly provoked @entity8629 -induced @entity788 led to a slightly more severe @entity788 . The rather small difference in comparison to controls could be due to the low expression of the transgene in the @entity19 pancreas.

title: Characterisation of a transgenic XXXX expressing @entity33262 @entity1 @entity20618 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity20618 :: ('5644', 'Gene') :: ['cationic trypsinogen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curative resection (R0) is the treatment of @entity356 , but it is unclear whether this operation should include a @entity348 ( @entity348 ) with splenectomy and extended (D2) lymph node dissection. A new concept was developed based on the fact that residual metastatic lymph nodes after a limited (D1) subtotal gastrectomy (SG) may be the source of fatal relapse. We conducted a prospective study on @entity1 who had undergone a D2 @entity348 to evaluate whether certain stations left behind after a D1 SG contain @entity3 . METHODS: We studied 1207 nodes obtained from 35 eligible @entity1 who underwent a @entity348 within 2 years. Of these @entity1 , 29 fulfilled the criterion for a D2 dissection with curative potential. Numbers of retrieved and @entity5 -containing nodes by each station according to the Japanese Research Society for @entity356 were documented prospectively in a standardized protocol. All lymph nodes were studied in sections smaller than 2 mm, but emphasis was given to the study of nodes from stations 1 and 2 (paracardial right and left), station 10 (splenic hilum), and stations 7 through 12 (around celiac axis, and in hepatoduodenal ligament) that can be dissected with a @entity348 , splenectomy, and D2 dissection, respectively. For quality control of D2 dissection, the numbers of nodes retrieved by each compartment II nodal station (7-12) documented by a pathologist were used and compared with proposed reference values. Long-term survival and cumulative risk of relapse were calculated in terms of lymph node status and presence of @entity3 in compartment II nodes. RESULTS: A mean total node yield of 37.4 from stations 1-12 and 11.4 from compartment II (stations 7-12) was obtained from 29 @entity1 who had a D2 @entity348 with curative intent. A substantial variation in node yields was found, and sometimes several stations contained no lymph nodes, which suggested an important cause of noncompliance (no yield of lymph nodes detected by the pathologist from that indicated for dissection stations) and difficulties for quality control. No positive node was detected in stations 1, 2, and 10 among @entity1 who had a curative @entity348 with splenectomy. However, substantially high was the incidence of @entity3 in compartment II nodes, which was detected in one third of @entity1 with node-positive disease. After 10 years of follow-up, overall survival and relapse rates among R0 D2 @entity1 with negative compartment II nodes (pN0/ @entity3121 disease) were 47% and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the necessity of D2 dissection, but not of @entity348 with splenectomy, to achieve an R0 resection for @entity1 with distal @entity356 . A large prospective study based on our protocol and findings may clarify whether a D2 R0 resection would result in a survival benefit.

title: XXXX and extensive surgery: a new evaluation method based on the study of the status of residual lymph nodes after limited surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['choice for distal gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Distal gastric cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate an impact of @entity1729 on the study population, type/subtype of @entity683 viruses circulating during 2004/05 season within the groups of hospitalised (n=35) and ambulatory @entity1 (n=420) and to determine antigenic affinity of isolated viral strains. Laboratory diagnostics of @entity683 A and B type, @entity5842 , adenovirus and parainfluenzavirus (type 1, 2 and 3) was performed using direct immunofluorescence test (DIFA), virus isolation on MDCK cell line and RT-PCR assay. Respiratory viruses were detected in about half of hospitalised @entity1 and one fifth of ambulatory @entity1 . Within these groups more than 80% hospitalised @entity1 and 70% ambulatory @entity1 were infected with @entity683 virus. Two @entity683 A subtypes (H3N2) and (H1N1) and B type were detected. @entity683 ranged from 68,8% (26-45 age group) to 89,5% (15-25 age group) of all laboratory confirmed @entity1729 , only among the youngest @entity1 (0-3 years old) one fourth of @entity281 was caused by @entity683 virus and in 50% samples @entity5842 was detected. @entity683 virus was also present in over 80% positive samples from hospitalised @entity1 over 65 years old. Sensitivity of RT-PCR compared to other @entity683 diagnostic methods was 95% and specificity was > or = 99%. Fast and accurate @entity683 diagnostics using molecular biology methods enables implementing therapy with the new generation antivirals ( @entity689 inhibitors), that are effective only when administered up to 36-48 h from onset of the illness. In diagnostics of other. respiratory viruses it is necessary to apply more sensitive diagnostic methods e.g. multiplex RT-PCR. @entity683 isolates were A/Wyoming/3/2003-like, B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99-like and B/Jiangsu/10/2003-like strains that were components of @entity683 vaccines for 2003/04 and/or 2004/05 seasons. Annual vaccination remains the best way to prevent @entity281 in high risk populations. Costs of @entity683 vaccine and @entity684 prophylaxis in our country are on average respectively fifty and five times lower than each day of @entity1 ' stay at an intensiv care unit. Every year within the confines of global surveillance programs (e.g. SENTINEL), there are monitored circulating @entity683 viruses, in order to define vaccine composition for the next season and identify new and potentially pandemic strains.

title: [Diagnostics of viral @entity1729 in hospitalized XXXX and ambulatory @entity1 from SENTINEL program during 2004/05 season in Poland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To prospectively study the relationship between blood pressure levels and subsequent @entity65 and mortality in a population aged 65 years and older. METHODS: @entity1 of the 1992 baseline survey of the population-based Starnberg Study on Epidemiology of @entity304 and @entity101 in the Elderly (STEPHY, 394 @entity1 and 588 @entity1 above age 65) were followed up for 3 years. Total mortality was assessed by official @entity204 data. @entity65 , that is, the occurrence of non-fatal events (new cases of @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity64 , and @entity712 ) could be assessed in 681 of the 863 survivors by a second interview and analysis of general practitioners' records. The mortality and morbidity risks were compared for @entity101 (baseline blood pressure > or = 160/95 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment) and non- @entity101 . RESULTS: During follow-up a total of 55 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 died resulting in a 2.7-year cumulative mortality in this population of 12%. Mortality was higher in @entity1 (14%) than in @entity1 (11%). @entity101 had no increased risk of @entity204 compared to non- @entity101 (adjusted relative risk (RR)=0. 92; 95% CI: 0.48-1.76 for @entity1 and RR=1.36; 95% CI 0.67-2.78 for @entity1 ). This was confirmed in age-stratified analyses. However, among survivors @entity101 was associated with a significantly higher occurrence of non-fatal cardiovascular events. After controlling for potentially confounding baseline conditions, the relative risk for any event (RR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.04-2.0) and, in particular, of @entity583 (RR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.6-18. 7) was raised among @entity101 . Higher rates for @entity951 (RR=1.4; 95% CI: 0.9-2.4) and @entity712 (RR 1.7; 95% CI: 0.9-2. 9) were of borderline significance. Positive risk associations were confined to the age group 65 to 75 years and not detected at higher ages. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for a Central European population older than 65 years the impact of @entity101 as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. To address the issue that risk of @entity204 showed no significant relationship to blood pressure, a longer follow-up period might be necessary.

title: @entity101 as a risk factor for @entity65 and mortality in an elderly German population; the prospective STEPHY II study. Starnberg Study on Epidemiology of XXXX and @entity101 in the Elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertensives', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular morbidity', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonism']


abstract: While surgery is the usual treatment for localized well-differentiated and @entity1821 (WDLPS/DDLPS), the therapeutic options for @entity1 with @entity1442 are limited. The classical antimitotic treatments are most often inefficient. The establishment of genetically characterized cell lines is therefore crucial for providing in vitro models for novel targeted therapies. We have used spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting and locus-specific probes, and array-comparative genomic hybridization to identify the chromosomal and molecular alterations of a novel cell line established from a recurring sclerosing WDLPS. The karyotype was hypertriploid and showed @entity32641 . All cells retained the presence of a giant marker chromosome that had been previously identified in the primary cell cultures. This giant chromosome contained high-level amplification of chromosomal regions 12q13-21 and lacked the alpha-satellite centromeric sequences associated with WDLPS/DDLPS. The 12q amplicon was large, containing 370 amplified genes. The DNA copy number ranged from 3 to 57. The highest levels of amplification were observed at 12q14.3 for GNS, @entity21124 , and @entity9625 . We analyzed the mRNA expression status by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for six genes from this amplicon: @entity7465 , @entity9625 , @entity8985 , @entity29049 , @entity21124 , and @entity31031 . mRNA overexpression was correlated with genomic amplification. A second amplicon originating from 10p11-14 was also present in the giant marker chromosome. The 10p amplicon contained 62 genes, including oncogenes such as @entity44621 , previously described in chimeric fusion with @entity11626 in @entity1778 , @entity44622 , and @entity3752 .

title: A newly characterized XXXX well-differentiated @entity1821 cell line contains amplifications of the 12q12-21 and 10p11-14 regions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity32641 :: ('MESH:C536503', 'Disease') :: ['multiple structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiated liposarcomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity450 is the main cause of failure in the distally based sural artery flap. Herein, we present our technique of phlebotomy to relieve flap @entity384 . Venous blood is intermittently drained via an exteriorized segment of the short saphenous vein until flap circulation normalizes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2000 to 2005, 34 distally based sural artery flaps were performed. In all @entity1 , an extra 5 cm of the short saphenous vein was incorporated with the flap during harvest. Fourteen flaps were noted to be congested after inset. In 2 @entity1 , supercharging was performed. In the remaining 12 @entity1 , intermittent phlebotomy was performed through an externalized segment of the short saphenous vein on the operating table and hourly thereafter until @entity450 improved. RESULTS: All flaps survived. The mean duration of phlebotomy was 30 hours, and mean @entity190 in the first 24 hours was estimated to be 94 mL. The color of the flap was noted improved gradually over this period as it established a more efficient venous drainage. CONCLUSION: Our approach of providing an additional venous outlet for congested flaps contributed to the favorable survival rate noted in this series. Intermittent phlebotomy was a simple and effective way to relieve @entity450 during the immediate postoperative period. As oscillating avalvular veins @entity1184 and multiplied during the ensuing 24-48 hours, venous circulation improved and the short saphenous vein spontaneously stopped draining. Phlebotomy improved flap survival and was a valuable temporizing measure to prevent critical @entity384 in flaps adapting to a new circulatory pattern.

title: Intermittent short saphenous vein phlebotomy: an effective technique of relieving XXXX in the distally based sural artery flap.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Venous congestion', 'venous congestion']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['venous congestion']


abstract: (Case 1) An 82-year-old @entity1 started immunotherapy with interferon because of lung metastasis 5 years after he had undergone radical nephrectomy. Three years later, he developed multiple @entity3 , and was started on @entity2857 (400 mg/day) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) orally. As his @entity5 -related @entity158 worsened with time, he was administered 30 Gy radiation therapy for bone metastasis of L4. He was then admitted to our hospital for @entity158 control because of ineffective radiation therapy. One day, he suddenly had @entity490 , and was diagnosed as bowel perforation based on computed tomography. He was managed conservatively by nasogastric suction and antibiotic course. (Case 2) A 62-year-old @entity1 diagnosed as metastatic @entity1358 began immunotherapy soon after undergoing radical nephrectomy in Dec., 2006. Although he was started on oral @entity2857 (800 mg/day) in July, 2008, metastatic foci enlarged after 18 months. He was then changed to @entity2240 (50 mg/day). @entity2240 had immediate and long-lasting effect on the @entity5 for about 10 months, but he was then admitted to our hospital for @entity1143 . While under treatment for thoracic cavity drainage, he experienced upper @entity490 and was diagnosis as bowel perforation based on computed tomography. He underwent emergency laparotomy. Molecular target drugs such as @entity2857 and @entity2240 have serious adverse effects. Bowel perforation is rare, but among those adverse effects. It should be remembered that caution is required for long-term use or combined radiation therapy and NSAIDs with molecular target drug.

title: [Two cases of bowel perforation in XXXX with metastatic renal cancer treated with a molecularly targeted drug].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain and vomiting']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) makes up 80-85% of all @entity2 cases. @entity2 in older individuals is frequently undertreated. @entity1 eligible for @entity900 - based chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to evaluate prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in elderly (>= 65 years) @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who received first-line @entity900 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 110 elderly @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 who had been administered @entity900 -based first-line chemotherapy between December 2004 and November 2011. Seventeen potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with @entity1349 . RESULTS: Among the 17 variables of univariate analysis, 4 were identified to have prognostic significance for @entity1349 : comorbidities (p<0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (p=0.02), first-line chemotherapy cycles (p<0.001) and serum albumin level (p=0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that only ECOG PS (p=0.01) was independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: PS was important prognostic factor in elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . The findings of this study may facilitate pretreatment prediction of @entity1349 and therefore can be used for selecting the most appropriate treatment for elderly @entity1 .

title: Prognostic factors in elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 treated with first-line XXXX -based chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The interaction between @entity1482 and @entity586 ( @entity587 ) receptors was evaluated with an autoradiographic technique. The inhibition of @entity587 receptors by @entity1482 was found to be related to the decrease of tritiated @entity587 granules in the sebaceous glands of the treated site. 6 male @entity1 affected by @entity5477 entered the study. The acute study was performed by applying to 25 cm2 of the back a cream containing 5% @entity1482 under occlusive dressing. The dosage of @entity1482 applied was 4 mg/cm2 for 48 h. The long-term study was performed by applying the same amount to the entire back, without occlusion, twice daily for 1 month. Skin biopsies were taken at the end of the treatment, incubated with tritiated @entity587 and processed for autoradiography. Both the acute and the long-term study revealed a decrease of the autoradiographic granules in the treated site. This effect is related to the binding of @entity1482 with @entity586 receptors in the sebaceous glands. Our study demonstrates that 5% topical @entity1482 cream acts as an antiandrogen in @entity1 sebaceous glands, competing with @entity587 receptors and producing a decrease of labelled @entity587 . At the concentrations used the effect has been only local. No side-effects were recorded during both studies.

title: Topical @entity1482 inhibits @entity586 receptors in @entity1 sebaceous glands: an autoradiographic study in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction This is a single-center clinical study for the evaluation of safety, efficacy, and performance of endovenous @entity3080 (Sapheon Venaseal Closure System, now Medtronic Medical) for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux. Methods Primary outcome measures included the GSV obliteration, with clinical recurrence on follow up as detected by serial clinical and duplex examinations of @entity1 at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. Venous clinical severity score (VCSS), Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ), Short Form Health Survey 36 Item (SF-36) questionnaires were used at clinical follow up. Diameter of the GSV, treatment length of the GSV, and pretreatment clinical severity of the varicose vein were analyzed to predict recanalization using Cox regression analysis. Results Fifty-seven legs in 29 @entity1 with primary varicose veins were included. One week follow-up duplex showed successful obliteration of the GSV in all except one of the legs. Two legs had minimal extension of @entity715 to deep vein. None of the @entity1 had @entity1150 . All the @entity1 were discharged the same day of operation. Median time to return to work was 1   day (range 1-16 days). Our VCSS, AVVQ, and the SF-36 physical and mental scores changed from a mean of 6.91, 23.66, 44.24, 54.26 at baseline to 2.43, 6.10, 43.85, 52.50 at 1 month post operation, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the GSV closure rates were 98.2%, 94.3%, 89.7%, and 78.5% at post-op 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively. With median follow-up period of 9 months (range 1-13 months), no clinical recurrence of varicosity was observed. Mean GSV diameter >= 8   mm was a significant predictor for recanalization (hazard ratio 6.92, 95%CI 1.34-35.67, p   =   0.021). Conclusion This study showed that the use of endovenous @entity3080 in the treatment of the GSV reflux was safe. All @entity1 had symptomatic improvement as shown by the VCSS and AVVQ.

title: XXXX glue used to treat great saphenous reflux: Measures of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity3080 :: (MESH:D003487,Chemical) :: ['Cyanoacrylate']


abstract: The efficacy of dynamic cardiomyoplasty for hemodynamic support during @entity120 was studied. Five @entity235 underwent a right latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty. Each @entity235 was later studied in a short-term experiment. A graded @entity120 was induced by infusion of glass microspheres into the pulmonary artery. This resulted in decrease in pulmonary artery flow, systemic pressure, and systemic flow. The cardiomyoplasty was then stimulated with a new R wave synchronous rate-responsive pulse-train stimulator (Prometheus system). This pacemaker delivers a pulse train with the duration of stimulation determined as a proportion of the RR interval. At an optimal level of hemodynamic impairment, the dynamic cardiomyoplasty was able to immediately improve pulmonary artery flow 26.4% +/- 5.84% (standard error of the mean) (p less than 0.005, paired t test), mean systemic arterial pressure 11.6% +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.05), and thoracic aortic flow 15.7% +/- 6.3% (p less than 0.05). The degree of improvement in hemodynamic variables could be correlated with the magnitude of hemodynamic impairment present (e.g., r = 0.78; p less than 0.005 for pulmonary blood flow). We conclude that a significant beneficial effect of dynamic cardiomyoplasty on hemodynamics in short-term @entity235 @entity120 is demonstrated in this study. Thus cardiomyoplasty may be useful in @entity1 with @entity712 associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance.

title: Dynamic cardiomyoplasty for hemodynamic support during XXXX . An experimental study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'acute pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Intrathoracic spread in @entity1 with @entity1725 ( @entity1725 ) is rare. We reviewed 101 @entity1 uniformly treated at our institution for @entity1725 of appendiceal origin. In that study, we suggested @entity189 peritonei (MCP) as the pathologic terminology for all cases of @entity1725 . Four @entity1 had pathologically documented pleuropulmonary involvement. We subsequently examined another @entity1 with @entity3 . Of 5 @entity1 , 3 had low-grade histologic features in the peritoneum; these showed variably proliferative, bland-appearing neoplastic cells arising from low-grade appendiceal @entity5 . In 2 cases, 1 or more pulmonary parenchymal metastases of low histologic grade developed. The lack of pleural involvement argued against transdiaphragmatic @entity5 extension. The third @entity1 with low-grade MCP had direct extension through the left diaphragm involving the left pleural and pericardial spaces without pulmonary parenchymal involvement. In the 2 @entity1 with high-grade MCP, right-sided @entity1143 developed. Neither @entity1 had documented @entity130 . Pleural cytologic examination revealed high-grade @entity420 cells singly, in small clusters, and in large spheres. The smear backgrounds contained wispy mucin. None of the 5 @entity1 developed thoracic lymph nodal metastases. Although rare, @entity5 from @entity1725 may involve the thorax.

title: Pleuropulmonary involvement in XXXX : morphologic assessment and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['PP', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the diaphragm']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: Endolymph @entity132 were induced by microinjections of artificial endolymph into the second turn of the @entity840 cochlea at rates less than 60 nl/min. Induced @entity717 and area changes of endolymph were quantified in the basal turn using an ionic flow marker technique. @entity30715 ( @entity10226 ) was used as a flow marker by iontophoresing it into endolymph in micromolar amounts. TMA movements in the apical and basal directions were monitored by ion-selective electrodes. Changes in endolymph flow and @entity2915 media were derived using a mathematical model to interpret the recorded tracer time courses. The model was validated by performing comparable volume injections and flow measurements in fine-diameter plastic tubes. The rate of flow of endolymph measured prior to injection was close to zero, in agreement with prior studies. Based on the injection of different volumes into endolymph over a 15 min period, we found that injection of up to 80 nl of artificial endolymph into the second turn would not induce flow in the basal turn. However, above this amount, flow towards the base increased at a rate which correlated with the injected volume, with endolymph moving basally by a distance of 0.0067 mm/nl of artificial endolymph injected. Flow rates measured in the third turn, on the apical side of the injection were far lower and showed characteristics consistent with there being no outlet at the apex. These results suggest that small @entity132 are corrected locally in the cochlea, but larger disturbances produce a longitudinal flow of endolymph out of the cochlea which represents a significant mechanism contributing to homeostasis. It can be concluded that structures outside the cochlea, such as the endolymphatic sac, do play a role in the correction of endolymph @entity132 . Although the maintenance of endolymph composition is dominated by local ion transport mechanisms, the capacity of these local mechanisms to maintain normal endolymph volume appears to be limited.

title: Longitudinal endolymph flow associated with acute volume increase in the XXXX cochlea.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['volume disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-sectional area of scala']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal movements']

entities_list: @entity30715 :: ('MESH:C027917', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylammonium']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treating @entity282 remains a significant challenge for perioperative medicine. Recent studies have shown that nerve growth factor is up-regulated and contributes to incisional @entity158 . To date, few studies have examined expression of other neurotrophin-related mediators that may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of incisional @entity158 . METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent a plantar incision, and @entity158 were examined (n = 6). In a separate group of @entity35 , expression of neurotrophic factors were studied. At various times after incision (n = 4) or sham surgery (n = 4), the skin, muscle, and dorsal root ganglia were harvested and total RNA isolated. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed and the fold change in gene expression was analyzed using significance analysis of microarrays. RESULTS: Several genes were changed (P < 0.05) as early as 1 h after incision. Expression of artemin and nerve growth factor were increased in both incised skin and muscle. @entity2136 , @entity10862 , and @entity10863 were all down-regulated in the skin but up-regulated in the muscle 48 h after incision. Few genes changed in the dorsal root ganglion. Most changes in expression occurred in the first 48 h after incision, a timeframe when @entity158 behavior was the greatest. CONCLUSION: @entity954 is associated with @entity158 -related gene expression changes in skin, muscle, and, to a lesser extent, dorsal root ganglion. The gene expression profile provides clues as to mediators that are involved in peripheral sensitization and @entity158 transmission after @entity954 and also suggest mechanisms for resolution of @entity282 when more persistent @entity158 syndromes like @entity9 continue.

title: Gene expression in skin, muscle, and dorsal root ganglion after plantar incision in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain behaviors', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical incision', 'surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment strategies for tight control of early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are highly effective but can be improved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adding @entity229 , 10 mg/d, at the start of a @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-based treatment strategy for tight control in early @entity309 increases its effectiveness. DESIGN: A 2-year, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial (CAMERA-II [Computer Assisted Management in Early @entity309 trial-II]). (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN 70365169) SETTING: 7 hospitals in the Netherlands. @entity1 : 236 @entity1 with early @entity309 (duration <1 year). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to an @entity1500 -based, tight control strategy starting with either @entity1500 and @entity229 or @entity1500 and placebo. @entity1499 treatment was tailored to the individual @entity1 at monthly visits on the basis of predefined response criteria aiming for remission. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was @entity16 after 2 years. Secondary outcomes included response criteria, remission, and the need to add @entity205 or a biologic agent to the treatment. RESULTS: @entity16 after 2 years was limited and less in the group receiving @entity1500 and @entity229 (n = 117) than in the group receiving @entity1500 and placebo (n = 119). The @entity1500 and @entity229 strategy was also more effective in reducing disease activity and @entity717 , achieving sustained remission, and avoiding the addition of @entity205 or biologic treatment. Adverse events were similar in both groups, but some occurred less in the @entity1500 and @entity229 group. LIMITATION: A tight control strategy for @entity309 implies monthly visits to an outpatient clinic, which is not always feasible. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of low-dose @entity229 in an @entity1500 -based treatment strategy for tight control in early @entity309 improves @entity1 outcomes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Catharijne Foundation.

title: Low-dose @entity229 inclusion in a @entity1499 -based, tight control strategy for early XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Erosive joint damage', 'radiographic erosive joint damage']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is the most commonly @entity74 . Therapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity395 , namely "orphan drugs", have recently drawn the attention of researchers and pharmaceutical companies. To ensure the successful conduction of clinical trials to evaluate novel treatments for @entity1 with @entity395 , an appropriate infrastructure is needed. One of the effective solutions for the lack of infrastructure is to establish a network of @entity395 . METHODS: To accomplish the conduction of clinical trials in Japan, the @entity3986 clinical trial network (MDCTN) was established by the clinical research group for @entity3986 , including the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, as well as national and university hospitals, all which have a long-standing history of research cooperation. RESULTS: Thirty-one medical institutions (17 national hospital organizations, 10 university hospitals, 1 national center, 2 public hospitals, and 1 private hospital) belong to this network and collaborate to facilitate clinical trials. The Care and Treatment Site Registry (CTSR) calculates and reports the proportion of @entity1 with @entity4094 in the cooperating sites. In total, there are 5,589 @entity1 with @entity4094 in Japan and the proportion of @entity1 with each disease is as follows: @entity1555 , 29  %; @entity3918 type 1, 23  %; @entity17325 , 11  %; @entity1555 , 10  %. We work jointly to share updated health care information and standardized evaluations of clinical outcomes as well. The collaboration with the @entity1 registry (CTSR), allows the MDCTN to recruit @entity1555 @entity1 with specific mutations and conditions, in a remarkably short period of time. CONCLUSION: Counting with a network that operates at a national level is important to address the corresponding national issues. Thus, our network will be able to contribute with international research activity, which can lead to an improvement of @entity4094 treatment in Japan.

title: Clinical trial network for the promotion of clinical research for @entity395 in Japan: XXXX clinical trial network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease', 'neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Muscular dystrophy', 'muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Becker muscular dystrophy', 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease', 'rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb girdle muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The increase in drug resistance and invasion caused by biofilm formation brings enormous challenges to the management of @entity6923 . @entity117 's antibiofilm activity in vitro was discovered recently. The spectrophotometric method and the XTT { @entity43804 } reduction assay used for data generation make it possible to evaluate fungal biofilm growth accurately. The combined use of the most commonly used methods, the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) and a newly developed method, the /\E model, which uses the concentration-effect relationship over the whole concentration range instead of using the MIC index alone, makes the interpretation of results more reliable. As an attractive tool for studying the pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents, time-kill curves can provide detailed information about antimicrobial efficacy as a function of both time and concentration. In the present study, in vitro interactions between @entity117 ( @entity117 [ @entity1281 ]) and @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) against @entity1358 and biofilm cells of @entity5132 and @entity7409 were evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution method and the time-kill test. Synergistic and indifferent effects were found for the combination of @entity1281 and @entity11015 against @entity1358 , while strong synergy was found against biofilm cells analyzed by @entity6251 . The /\E model gave more consistent results with @entity6251 . The positive interactions in concentration were also confirmed by the time-kill test. Moreover, this approach also revealed the pharmacodynamics changes of @entity1281 and synergistic action on time. Our findings suggest a potential clinical use for combination therapy with @entity1281 and @entity11015 to augment activity against biofilm-associated @entity281 .

title: In vitro interactions between @entity117 and @entity2379 against @entity1358 and biofilm cells of @entity5132 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic cells']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['fractional inhibitory concentration index', 'FICI']

entities_list: @entity43804 :: ('MESH:C059087', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide']

answer: @entity7409 :: (5480,Species) :: ['C. parapsilosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare measured and predicted @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) in @entity1 with @entity299 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The cardiac catheterisation laboratory in a university hospital. @entity1 : 125 @entity1 undergoing preoperative cardiac catheterisation. INTERVENTIONS: @entity4962 was measured using indirect calorimetry; the predicted values were calculated from regression equations published by Lindahl, Wessel et al, and Lundell et al. Stepwise linear regression and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the influence of age, sex, weight, height, @entity299 , and @entity712 on the bias and precision of predicted @entity4962 . An artificial neural network was trained and used to produce an estimate of @entity4962 employing the same variables. The various estimates for @entity4962 were evaluated by calculating their bias and precision values. RESULTS: Lindahl's equation produced the highest precision (+/- 42%) of the regression based estimates. The corresponding average bias of the predicted @entity4962 was 3% (range -66% to 43%). When @entity4962 was predicted according to regression equations by Wessel and Lundell, the bias and precision were 0% and +/- 44%, and -16% and +/- 51%, respectively. The neural network predicted @entity4962 from variables included in the regression equations with a bias of 6% and precision +/- 29%; addition of further variables failed to improve this estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Both regression based and artificial intelligence based techniques were inaccurate for predicting preoperative @entity4962 in @entity1 with @entity299 . Measurement of @entity4962 is necessary in the preoperative evaluation of these @entity1 .

title: Measured versus predicted @entity26 consumption in XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformation', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The balance of evidence suggests that @entity2012 is a risk factor for @entity694 . We have evaluated the prevalence of @entity1586 in acromegalics from Southern Italy and characterized the lymphocyte subsets in the @entity694 in order to analyze differences in the colonic immunological environment. DESIGN: All the @entity1 and controls were submitted to pancolonoscopy. Ten per-endoscopic biopsies of the intestinal mucosa surrounding @entity1127 were carried out to evaluate lymphocyte subsets. @entity1 : Fifty acromegalics and 318 sex- and age-matched controls entered this study. Colonic lamina propria lymphocyte subsets were studied in 34 @entity1 and 34 controls. RESULTS: @entity1586 were resected in 23 acromegalics (46%) and 42 controls (13.2%; P < 0.0001); @entity1127 were found in 24% and 6.3%, @entity6523 in 22 and 6.9%, (P < 0.01), @entity420 in 2 and 1.2% while synchronous @entity1127 occurred in 18% and 2.5% (P < 0.01), respectively. The number of @entity1127 was significantly correlated with age both in acromegalics (r = 0.422, P < 0.005) and in controls (r = 0.865, P < 0.001). However, @entity1127 prevalence was greater in @entity1 aged below 40 yrs (r.r = 1.9) and in @entity1 with two or more @entity272 (r.r = 1.2). A significant decrease of @entity2225 , @entity1075 , @entity4071 , gamma/delta, @entity404 @ @entity1196 - and increase of CD3 and @entity404 +/ @entity1196 + was found in the lamina propria lymphocyte subsets. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that acromegalics are at increased risk of @entity1586 compared to the healthy population. The increased prevalence of @entity1127 , namely the adenomatous type, suggests that acromegalics should undergo a careful screening and follow-up by pancolonoscopy. An @entity1200 seems to exist in @entity2012 although a causal effect in the @entity1127 formation cannot be ruled out.

title: Increased prevalence of @entity1586 and altered lymphocyte subset pattern in the @entity694 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant polyps', 'polyp', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of mucosal immune surveillance']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tags']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lamina propria', 'colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps', 'Colonic polyps']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Mk-CSA) is required for in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation. Its in vivo significance in megakaryocytopoiesis is unknown. We studied 12 @entity1 undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at our institution. The bone marrow megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-Mk), the serum level of Mk-CSA, and the platelet count on the 28th day after BMT were studied. @entity1 with elevated Mk-CSA levels had less CFU-Mk in their bone marrow than did @entity1 with a normal or decreased Mk-CSA (p less than 0.01). Animal experiments using @entity19 models have documented that several purified molecules including @entity14190 , @entity2772 and @entity2304 possess Mk-CSA. The in vitro @entity26118 of WEHI-3-conditioned medium is @entity2772 . The in vivo significance for megakaryocytopoiesis of these factors is not clear. In the @entity1 system, Mk-CSA is increased in conditions with decreased bone marrow megakaryocytes. Recombinant @entity1 or primate CSFs have in vitro Mk-CSA utilizing both @entity1 and @entity19 cells as targets. However, the presence of these activities does not fully explain the Mk-CSA in human serum rich in Mk-CSA. The precise regulation of @entity1 blood cell levels and the studies discussed suggest that there is a specific @entity26118 that responds to in vivo changes in megakaryocyte numbers. Proof of its physiologic role awaits the isolation of a pure factor.

title: XXXX ( @entity26118 ): its physiologic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: AIMS: To compare all-cause mortality in older @entity1 with or without @entity6 and consider the associated risk of comorbidity and polypharmacy. METHODS: A 10-year cohort study using data from the Health Innovation Network database (2003-2013) comparing mortality in @entity1 aged >=  70 years with @entity6 ( @entity3918 cohort) (n = 35 717) and without @entity6 (No @entity3918 cohort) (n = 307 918). RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity3918 cohort was 78.1    5.8 years vs. 79.0    6.3 years in the No @entity3918 cohort. Mean @entity6 duration was 8.2    8.1 years, and 30% had @entity6 for > 10 years. The @entity3918 cohort had a greater comorbidity load and @entity1 in this cohort were prescribed more therapies than the No @entity3918 cohort. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were lower in the @entity3918 cohort at 64% and 39%, respectively, compared with 72% and 50% in the No @entity3918 cohort. The excess mortality in the @entity3918 cohort was greatest in those aged < 75 years with longer duration @entity6 , the relative hazard for mortality was higher in females. Although comorbidity and polypharmacy were associated with increased mortality risk in the @entity3918 cohort, this risk was lower compared with the No @entity3918 cohort. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for comorbidities > 4 and medicines >=  7 were 1.29 (1.19 to 1.41) and 1.34 (1.25 to 1.43) in the @entity3918 cohort and 1.63 (1.57 to 1.70) and 1.48 (1.40 to 1.56) in the No @entity3918 cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant excess mortality in older @entity1 with @entity6 , which is unexplained by comorbidity or polypharmacy. This excess is greatest in the younger old with longer disease duration, suggesting that it may be related to the effect of @entity6 exposure.

title: Examining factors associated with excess mortality in older @entity1 (age >=  70 years) with @entity6 - a 10-year cohort study of older @entity1 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: ANCA-associated @entity1333 (AAV) is an @entity32 of small- to medium-sized vessels with relapsing/remitting progression. @entity130 is a major feature of AAV. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may provide an endogenous repair mechanism to counteract ongoing endothelial damage. We hypothesized that decreased capacity for endothelial regeneration paralleled by low EPC numbers could increase the risk of relapse in @entity1 with AAV. METHODS: The number of circulating EPCs was determined by a colony-forming assay in a cohort of 41 @entity1 with AAV. The @entity1 were stratified into three subgroups according to the initial EPC count (low, medium and high) and prospectively followed. The primary goal was to determine the association between baseline EPC level and the time to the first relapse of the disease. RESULTS: A total of 19 (46%) @entity1 relapsed during the study period. The cumulative relapse-free survival increased stepwise across three increasing baseline levels of EPCs (P = 0.013). EPC levels were not predictive of progression of @entity8 , number of organs involved or death from any cause. CONCLUSION: Low numbers of EPCs are associated with increased propensity for early relapse of AAV.

title: Reduced number of endothelial progenitor cells is predictive of early relapse in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular endothelial injury']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: 1. The mechanism of post-extrasystolic, rest and frequency potentiation was studied in @entity235 isolated ventricular muscle. 2. @entity8452 , which impairs @entity9495 availability from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), reduced the amplitude of the extrasystole less than that of the steady state contraction. @entity8452 also inhibited post-extrasystolic potentiation and converted rest-potentiation into rest @entity308 . Rest-potentiation was blocked preferentially by @entity8452 compared to post-extrasystolic potentiation. An increase in the contribution of extracellular @entity9495 to the extrasystolic contraction could not entirely account for the post-extrasystolic potentiation. 3. Prolonged rest, by itself, also caused @entity308 of the first post-rest contraction. During rest-potentiation, SR @entity9495 seemed to play a greater role in contraction than transmembrane @entity9495 influx. However, the ability of the 'release pool' of @entity9495 in the SR to be reprimed after a contraction was reduced. This was seen as a decrease in post-extrasystolic potentiation elicited immediately after rest. 4. A decrease in stimulus interval was associated with a transient decrease in contraction amplitude followed by an increase. An abrupt increase in stimulus interval had the opposite effect. @entity8452 blocked the initial transient changes and accelerated the delayed changes. These results suggest that the transient changes in contraction after sudden changes in drive interval are dependent on the SR. 5. Transmembrane @entity9495 entry and the rate of recovery of the @entity9495 release process (repriming) in the SR after a contraction seem to be interval-dependent. The data also indicate that different mechanisms are involved in post-extrasystolic and rest-potentiation. 6. The results are consistent with a model which proposes 'recirculation' of activator @entity9495 within the SR after a contraction or of the presence of an appreciable amount of inactivation of the SR @entity9495 release process during normal stimulation. An increased pool of releasable @entity9495 due to longer recirculation time or a time-dependent decay in the level of inactivation of @entity9495 release from the SR may give rise to rest-potentiation.

title: Control of interval-force relation in XXXX ventricular myocardium studied with @entity8452 .

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine', 'Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evolution of @entity565 starting in childhood varies and depends on a series of factors (atopy, allergens, and environmental irritants, etc). Treatment may influence the evolution of the disease and even cause the symptoms to disappear. However, there remains a risk of relapse years later. OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of @entity2488 in @entity565 relapse in young adulthood in @entity1 with symptoms that disappeared after treatment prescribed in childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine the evolution of @entity565 and @entity1 ' personal opinions, 78 @entity1 were sent a questionnaire several years after having been discharged without symptoms in the previous 2 years, and without the need for medication. The @entity2710 test was used to evaluate @entity2488 at discharge. The 40 @entity1 who correctly completed the questionnaire were divided into three groups according to the @entity2710 dose required to obtain a 20 % decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PD20): group 1 (15 @entity1 ), < 1000microg; group 2 (10 @entity1 ) between 1001 and 2000 microg; and group 3 (15 @entity1 ) > 2100 microg. The mean age at discharge was 16 years (range 13-25 years) versus 26 years at the time of response (range 18-33 years), with a similar distribution in all three groups. Age at disease onset, with estimation of severity, age at the first visit and at the start of treatment, and respiratory function were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty of the interviewed @entity1 considered themselves to be cured. Seven of the @entity1 (three in group 1, one in group 2, and three in group 3) did not consider themselves to be cured, although their symptoms were minimal and they rarely used medication. Health status was described as "regular" with sporadic symptoms by one @entity1 in each group. No correlation with @entity2710 response was observed. CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between the degree of @entity2488 and the risk of relapse in young adults who suffered @entity565 in childhood.

title: Intensity of @entity2488 and XXXX relapse risk in the young adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIM: The primary objective of the study was to compare the effect of laparoscopic-assisted (LPS) versus open surgery (LPT) for @entity14 on postoperative morbidity. The secondary objectives were to evaluate immune response and intestinal wall @entity26 perfusion. METHODS: A total of 610 @entity1 with @entity14 were randomly assigned to receive colon resection by either LPS (n=306) or LPT (n=304). Four surgical staff members not involved in the study recorded postoperative complications up to 30 days after the operation. Immune response was evaluated by measuring lymphocytic proliferation after challenge with @entity5132 and phytohemoagglutinin before, at 3 and 15 days after the operation. Intestinal wall @entity26 perfusion was continuously monitored using a probe. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 4.6% in the LPS group. Morbidity was 18.6% in the LPS group and 34.5% in the LPT group (P<0.0005). Infections developed in 9.1% of LPS-treated @entity1 and in 20.2% of LPT-treated @entity1 (P<0.0005). The mean length of stay was 9.7+/-2.6 days in the LPS group and 12.2+/-4.2 days in the LPT group (P<0.0001). In both groups lymphocytic proliferation was low at 3 days postoperative but returned to normal range at 15 days only in the LPS group. Interoperative intestinal @entity26 perfusion values were higher in the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery reduced both postoperative morbidity and length of stay. Lymphocytic proliferation and intestinal wall @entity26 perfusion were higher in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic-assisted surgery.

title: [Laparoscopic-assisted versus open surgery for XXXX : postoperative morbidity in a single center randomized trial].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report clinical outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with weekly @entity900 chemo-radiation therapy (chemoRT) stratified by pre-treatment @entity900 in vitro chemosensitivity. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity5 seen at our institution between May 2009 and August 2011. @entity1 underwent pre-treatment in vitro chemoresponse testing (Precision Therapeutics, Inc.) and were treated with concurrent weekly @entity900 chemoRT. The study consisted of 33 @entity1 with @entity5 stages @entity3847 to IIIb. Pre-treatment @entity900 chemoresponse of individual @entity1 @entity5 was determined from chemoresponse dose response curves and scored as responsive (R), intermediate response (IR), or nonresponsive (NR). RESULTS: There were 28 @entity1 with @entity957 and 5 with @entity420 . @entity900 chemosensitivity was R and IR in 18 @entity1 specimens and NR in 15. The 2-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 87% for @entity1 whose specimens tested R+IR to @entity900 compared to 58% for those whose specimens were NR (p=0.036). The 2-year @entity1349 were 86% for the R+IR group compared to 46% for the NR group for @entity1 with @entity5 of squamous cell histology (p=0.009). Stepwise proportional hazards modeling for @entity1349 demonstrated that chemoresponsiveness to @entity900 (p=0.029) and FDG-PET lymph node status (p=0.011) were the only independent predictors of @entity1349 for @entity1 with @entity5 of squamous cell histology. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment in vitro @entity900 chemoresponse testing of cervix @entity5 biopsies was technically feasible and prognostic of @entity1349 in @entity1 treated with weekly @entity900 chemoRT.

title: In vitro chemoresponse to @entity900 and outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FIGO tumor', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survivals']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Surgery remains the best curative option in @entity1 with early stage @entity2 (stage I and II). Developments in minimally invasive techniques now allow surgeons to perform lung resections on elderly @entity1 , @entity1 with poor pulmonary function or significant cardiopulmonary comorbidities. New techniques, such as stereotactic radiotherapy and ablative procedures, are being evaluated in @entity5 and may represent an alternative to surgery in @entity1 unfit for lung resection. Perioperative mortality rates have dropped significantly at most institutions in the past two decades and complications are managed more efficiently. Progress in imaging and staging techniques have helped cut futile thoracotomy rates and offer @entity1 the most adequate treatment options. Large randomised trials have helped clarify the role of neoadjuvant, induction and adjuvant chemotherapy, as well as radiotherapy. Surgery remains an essential step in the multimodality therapy of selected @entity1 with @entity5 (stage III and IV). Interventional and endoscopic techniques have reduced the role of surgery in the diagnosis and staging of @entity1149 , but surgery remains an important tool in the palliation of @entity5 . Large national/international surgical databases have been developed and predictive risk-models for surgical mortality/morbidity published by learned surgical societies. Nonetheless, @entity2 overall survival rates remain deceptively low and it is hoped that early detection/screening, better understanding of @entity5 biology and development of biomarkers, and development of efficient targeted therapies will help improve the prognosis of @entity2 @entity1 in the next decade.

title: Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage lung cancer', 'advanced-stage lung cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Reduction of Endpoints in @entity2175 with the @entity2178 Antagonist @entity9886 (RENAAL) study has previously shown @entity9886 to confer significant benefits to @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity8 . The original study of 1513 @entity1 included 96 Japanese @entity1 ; the present study is a post-hoc analysis of the effects of @entity9886 in this Japanese subpopulation. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study compared @entity9886 (50 to 100 mg once daily) with placebo. The study medication was taken in addition to conventional antihypertensive treatment, and the mean follow-up period for the Japanese @entity1 was 2.8 years. The primary endpoint was the composite of doubling of serum @entity1011 , @entity8 , or @entity204 . Secondary endpoints included changes in @entity644 levels. Safety was also evaluated. RESULTS: The primary composite endpoint was reached in fewer Japanese @entity1 receiving @entity9886 than placebo (50.0% versus 65.4%, respectively). The treatment effects of @entity9886 were more robust when data were corrected for differences in @entity644 at baseline--a significant relative risk reduction of 45% with @entity9886 (P=0.0397) was apparent. Treatment benefit exceeded that attributable to blood pressure changes alone. Levels of @entity644 were reduced with @entity9886 compared with placebo, with an overall @entity9886 treatment effect of 37.8% (P<0.001). Overall, @entity9886 was similarly well tolerated in both the Japanese @entity1 and the total population. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity8 , @entity9886 offers renal protection and is generally well tolerated.

title: Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 : a subanalysis of Japanese @entity1 from the RENAAL study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'endstage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Three groups of dairy @entity291 were immunized by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a preparation of live @entity43750 ) and an intramammary infusion of a soluble surface extract derived from same the bacteria. Animals in Groups 1 and 2 received two s.c. vaccinations plus an intramammary inoculation. Animals in Group 3 received two s.c. vaccinations but did not receive the intramammary infusion. In addition to the vaccinated animals, each group also contained two non-vaccinated (control) animals. All animals were challenged experimentally by intramammary infusion (in two quarters per animal) of ca 100 c.f.u. of @entity43750 or C221) and monitored for clinical signs of disease, bacterial numbers in milk, somatic cell count in milk, and daily milk yield for the following 10 days. Animals in Group I were challenged with strain @entity43750 . Only one out of six challenged quarters of three vaccinated @entity291 developed clinical disease compared to all (four out of four) quarters of non-vaccinated @entity291 . Animals in Group 2 were challenged with strain C221. All challenged quarters of three vaccinated (six out of six) and two non-vaccinated (four out of four) @entity291 developed clinical @entity1271 . Animals in Group 3 were challenged with strain @entity43750 . Five out of eight quarters on four vaccinated @entity291 developed clinical @entity1271 but the onset was delayed in comparison with that in both non-vaccinated @entity291 in which four out of four challenged quarters developed clinical @entity1271 . These results indicated that vaccination with live @entity8211 protects against challenge with the homologous strain but was less effective against a heterologous strain. Reduced protection was also seen when the intramammary booster was omitted.

title: Further studies on the efficacy of a live vaccine against XXXX caused by @entity8211 .

entities_list: @entity43750 :: ('218495', 'Species') :: ['0140J', 'Streptococcus uberis (strain 0140J', 'S. uberis (strain 0140J']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: Within one year 38 @entity1 with @entity150 --most malignant--were treated by @entity3503 -laserbeam (6 Watt and 15 Watt). We now survey altogether 45 endoscopic operations. To bring the laserbeam into the waterfilled bladder, we use a special light-conductor and a normal operation-cystoscope. Laser therapy takes place after conventional electro-resection (TUR) by coagulation of the @entity5 ground or independently by destroying small relapses of @entity5 . We have observed some advantages of @entity3503 -laser treatment compared to electro-surgery: 1. No @entity410 of bladder muscle with the danger of perforation, sometimes produced by current impulses. 2. Painlessness. Laser treatment is possible without anesthesia. 3. More therapeutic range. 4. Cases of absence of recidivation. We hope that the new therapy will be able to reduce the recidivation of @entity150 and to improve the poor results of operative treatment.

title: [Transurethral laser treatment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder neoplasms']


abstract: The paper presents the results of observations concerning the effect of cigarette smoking on the prevalence of peptic @entity1066 among 6,512 rural inhabitants aged 20-64, selected by two-stage sampling. Of these, 2,506 (38.6%) were regular smokers. In order to determine precisely the negative effect of smoking on the @entity1 body the nicotinic index was used (N.I.), calculated by multiplying the number of cigarettes smoked daily by the period of smoking (years). The three-stage scale of the nicotinic index was applied: I degrees - N.I. < 100, II degrees - N.I. = 100-300, III degrees - N.I. > 300. The mean value of the nicotinic index calculated for the total number of smokers in the study was 290.3. A statistically significant higher N.I. was observed in @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 - 432.5, compared to @entity1 with other diseases - 337.2, and healthy individuals - 203.3. Among @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 the highest percentage of @entity1 with N.I. > 300 was noted (59.0%), compared to @entity1 with other diseases (42.9%) and those who were healthy (22. 6%). The differences observed between @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 and those of the remaining groups were highly statistically significant (p<0.001). The percentage of @entity1 with the lowest value of the nicotinic index (N.I.<100) in individual groups was: in @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 - 13.5% (the lowest), among @entity1 with other diseases - 25.0%, in the group of healthy individuals - 38.5% (the highest). An increase was noted in the incidence of peptic @entity1066 with the value of the nicotinic index. @entity10189 occurred in 3.8% of @entity1 with N.I. < 100, in 6.4% of those with N.I. = 100-300, and in 13.2% of @entity1 with N.I. > 300. An increase in the percentage of @entity1 with the nicotinic index was observed irrespective of the site of @entity1066 . It became most evident among @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment due to peptic @entity1066 , where the highest value of the nicotinic index (N.I. > 300) was noted in 79.5%, in @entity1 with gastric and duodenal @entity1066 - 66.7% and those with gastric @entity1066 - 59.6%. A positive correlation was observed between peptic @entity1066 incidence rates, complications of the disease and the value of the nicotinic index. The relationship between state of health and the value of the nicotinic index was confirmed. The results of the study showed that the nicotinic index was useful for determining the negative effect of cigarette smoking on the @entity1 body.

title: XXXX among Polish rural population and the nicotinic index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['Peptic ulcer']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['Peptic ulcer']


abstract: Cortical neurons are vulnerable to ischemic insult, which may cause cytoskeletal changes and @entity179 . Tau is a @entity7333 expressed in neuronal and glial cells. We examined the phosphorylation status of tau protein in the gerbil brain cortex during 5 min @entity63 induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 20 min to 7 days. Control brain homogenates contained 63, 65 and 68 kD polypeptides of tau immunoreactive with Alz 50, @entity5624 14 and Tau 46 antibodies raised against non-phosphorylated tau epitopes. Gerbil tau was also immunoreactive with some ( @entity20108 and 12E8) but not all (AT8, AT100, AT180 and AT270) antibodies raised against phosphorylated tau epitopes. @entity20108 recognized a single 68 kD polypeptide and 12E8 bound the 63 kD polypeptide. During 5 min @entity63 , @entity20108 immunoreactivity declined to 6%, then recovered to control levels after 20 min of blood recirculation and subsequently increased above control values 3 and 7 days later. In contrast, 12E8 immunoreactivity remained stable during @entity63 and reperfusion. Our results suggest that the two phosphorylated epitopes of tau are regulated by different mechanisms and may play different roles in microtubule dynamics. They may also define various pools of neuronal/glial cells vulnerable to @entity63 .

title: Differential changes in phosphorylation of tau at XXXX and 12E8 epitopes during brain ischemia and reperfusion in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity7333 :: ('51115', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity20108 :: (5252,Gene) :: ['PHF-1']


abstract: omega-Conotoxin TxVII is the first conotoxin reported to block L-type currents. In contrast to other omega-conotoxins, its sequence is characterized by net negative charge and high hydrophobicity, although it retains the omega-conotoxin @entity462 framework. In order to obtain structural information and to supply material for further characterization of its biological function, we synthesized TxVII and determined its @entity1520 bond @entity13635 . Because a linear precursor with free SH groups showed a strong tendency to aggregate and to polymerize, we examined many different conditions for air oxidation and concluded that a mixture of cationic buffer and hydrophobic solvent was the most effective for the folding of TxVII. Synthetic TxVII was shown to suppress the slowly inactivating voltage-dependent @entity460 current in cultured Lymnaea RPeD1 neurons and furthermore to suppress synaptic transmission between these neurons and their follower cells. In contrast, TxVII did not block @entity460 flux through L-type channels in PC12 cells, suggesting a phyletic or subtype specificity in this channel family. @entity1520 bond @entity13635 of TxVII and its isomers were determined by enzymatic fragmentation in combination with chemical synthesis, thus revealing that TxVII has the same @entity1520 bond pattern as other omega-conotoxins. Furthermore, the CD spectrum of TxVII is similar to those of omega-conotoxins MVIIA and MVIIC. The precursor sequence of TxVII was determined by cDNA cloning and shown to be closest to that of delta-conotoxin TxVIA, a @entity1372 channel inactivation inhibitor. Thus TxVII conserves the structural fold of other omega-conotoxins, and the TxVIA/TxVII branch of this family reveals the versatility of its structural scaffold, allowing evolution of structurally related peptides to target different channels.

title: Synthesis, bioactivity, and cloning of the L-type XXXX channel blocker omega-conotoxin TxVII.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['Disulfide', 'disulfide']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: In the outpatient @entity5 chemotherapy clinic of Gifu University Hospital, pharmacists contributed to the provision of safe and efficacious @entity5 chemotherapy as full-time staff, together with doctors, nurses and other medical staff. Since April 2010, three pharmacists have been in charge of the provision of pharmaceutical care services(PCS)to all @entity1 . Furthermore, pharmaceutical intervention before medical examination(pre-PCS)was initiated in May 2011. As a consequence, the time spent for @entity1 education and monitoring significantly(p<0. 001)increased from 39. 7  3. 2min/ @entity1 in 2010 to 48. 0  2. 6min/ @entity1 in 2011. The number of proposals on prescriptions also significantly increased, 2. 5 times, compared to 2010. The percentage of the acceptance of proposals was 94% in fiscal year 2011. Importantly, pre-PCS improved the control of chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity1897 and @entity1910 . These results suggest that pre-PCS by pharmacists would be beneficial to progress the quality of outpatient @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: [Evaluation of the efforts of pharmaceutical care services before medical examination at an outpatient XXXX chemotherapy clinic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We hypothesized that like bispectral index, entropy may be anesthetic agent specific. We carried out a study to assess the entropy values of different anesthetics at equi-minimal alveolar concentrations (MACs) with air and @entity3810 as carrier gases. Thirty adult @entity1 undergoing spine surgery were randomized to receive @entity1508 , @entity5161 , or @entity2614 , in 2 stages, (a) with air/ @entity26 mixture (2:1) and (b) in @entity3810 / @entity26 (2:1). Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, response entropy (RE), and @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ) were noted at 1.0 and 1.5 MACs for each agent. Statistical analysis was done using the 2-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni correction and Student t test for paired data. P value of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The demographics and baseline values of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, RE, and @entity3290 were comparable. Changing from air/ @entity26 as carrier gas to 66% @entity3810 in @entity26 resulted in significant increase in both RE and @entity3290 at 1.0 MAC for all the agents (P<0.05). Among the agents, it was found that both RE and @entity3290 values were significantly higher during @entity1508 anesthesia as compared with @entity2614 and @entity5161 (P<0.05). At 1.5 MAC for all agents, after addition of @entity3810 , there was an insignificant reduction in both RE and @entity3290 (P>0.05). Again the values of RE and @entity3290 remained high for @entity1508 as compared with @entity5161 and @entity2614 . In conclusion, our data suggest a possibility of misinterpretation of anesthetic hypnosis when entropy values increase with addition of @entity3810 to 1 MAC @entity5161 and @entity2614 .

title: EEG entropy values during @entity5161 , XXXX and @entity1508 anesthesia with and without @entity3810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'state entropy']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative @entity158 and @entity390 may be a problem in day-case surgery. This study aims to investigate the effect of @entity5935 on @entity158 and @entity390 in @entity169 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 18-70 years scheduled for open @entity169 at two Swedish hospitals, March 2005-December 2009, were eligible for inclusion. @entity1 were randomized, to either treatment with 12   mg @entity5935 intravenously or placebo. Post-operative @entity158 was assessed using a visual analogue scale on the recovery ward, each day the first post-operative week and at 1 month after surgery. One year after surgery, residual @entity158 was estimated by the Inguinal @entity158 Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 398 @entity1 were included (21 @entity1 , 377 @entity1 ). @entity158 at rest on the day of surgery was significantly lower in the treatment group (p   =   0.012). The @entity158 was also significantly lower in the treatment group the day after surgery (p   <   0.001), but not during the remaining part of the first post-operative week. Bleeding complications were reported by 17 @entity1 (8.5%) in the @entity5935 group and seven (3.5%) in the placebo group (p   =   0.028). One month after surgery, 21 out of 173 (12%) in the @entity5935 group still had @entity158 , compared to 33 out of 159 (21%) in the placebo arm (p   =   0.049). After 1 year, no significant difference in @entity158 was seen. CONCLUSION: A 12   mg @entity5935 reduced @entity158 during the first 24   h and at 1 month after @entity169 . If combined with @entity3522 , however, this dose may increase the risk for @entity548 complications.

title: XXXX in hernia surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia surgery']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['Betamethasone']


abstract: RATIONALE: Severe @entity565 represents 5-10% of all @entity565 , yet remains problematic and poorly understood. Although it is increasingly recognized as consisting of numerous heterogenous phenotypes, their immunopathology, particularly in the distal airways and interstitium, remains poorly described. OBJECTIVES: To identify the pathobiology of atypical difficult @entity565 . METHODS: We report 10 from a total of 19 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) meeting @entity565 and severe @entity565 definitions, requiring daily systemic corticosteroid (CS) use, with @entity854 on chest computed tomography scans, who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsies for further diagnosis and management. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The pathology of 10 of the 19 cases revealed small airway changes consistent with @entity565 ( @entity1712 , @entity1373 ), but with the unexpected finding of interstitial nonnecrotizing @entity738 . These @entity1 had no evidence for @entity56 , but 70% of cases had a personal or family history of @entity792 . The 10 cases were treated with @entity500 , @entity3442 , @entity1499 , or infliximab. Nine of 10 showed decreased CS requirements and improved or maintained FEV(1) despite lower CS doses. Of the remaining nine @entity1 , six manifested @entity1565 , alone or in combination with alveolar septal mononuclear cells, but no @entity738 , whereas three manifested other pathologic findings ( @entity1173 , @entity55 , or thromboemboli). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a subset of severe " @entity565 " manifests a granulomatous pathology, which we term " @entity748 @entity2883 ." Although identification of this disease currently requires a thorascopic biopsy, alternative approaches to therapy lead to improvement in outcomes.

title: @entity748 : a novel disease with XXXX and granulomatous features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic small airway disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['inconsistent abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-like disease']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) has largely replaced film-screen mammography in the US. Breast density assessed from film mammograms is strongly associated with @entity0 risk, but data are limited for processed FFDM images used for clinical care. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested among non-Hispanic white female @entity1 of the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were aged 40 to 74  years and had screening mammograms acquired on Hologic FFDM machines. Cases (n   =   297) were @entity1 with a first invasive @entity0 diagnosed after a screening FFDM. For each case, up to five controls (n   =   1149) were selected, matched on age and year of FFDM and image batch number, and who were still under follow-up and without a history of @entity0 at the age of diagnosis of the matched case. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and dense area (DA) were assessed by a radiological technologist using Cumulus. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for @entity0 associated with @entity2101 and DA, modeled continuously in @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) increments and categorically in quintiles, after adjusting for body mass index, parity, first-degree family history of @entity0 , @entity0 , and menopausal hormone use. RESULTS: Median intra-reader reproducibility was high with a Pearson's r of 0.956 (range 0.902 to 0.983) for replicate @entity2101 measurements across 23 image batches. The overall mean was 20.02 ( @entity5494 , 14.61) for @entity2101 and 27.63  cm(2) (18.22  cm(2)) for DA. The adjusted ORs for @entity0 associated with each @entity5494 increment were 1.70 (95  % confidence interval, 1.41-2.04) for @entity2101 , and 1.54 (1.34-1.77) for DA. The adjusted ORs for each quintile were: 1.00 (ref.), 1.49 (0.91-2.45), 2.57 (1.54-4.30), 3.22 (1.91-5.43), 4.88 (2.78-8.55) for @entity2101 , and 1.00 (ref.), 1.43 (0.85-2.40), 2.53 (1.53-4.19), 2.85 (1.73-4.69), 3.48 (2.14-5.65) for DA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2101 and DA measured using Cumulus on processed FFDM images are positively associated with @entity0 risk, with similar magnitudes of association as previously reported for film-screen mammograms. Processed digital mammograms acquired for routine clinical care in a general practice setting are suitable for breast density and @entity5 research.

title: Case-control study of mammographic density and XXXX risk using processed digital mammograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast area', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Percent density']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assay if plasma antibody levels in @entity1 with @entity2438 or @entity245 ( @entity245 ) differ from those with typical development as an indicator of immune function and to correlate antibody levels with severity of behavioral symptoms. METHODS: Plasma was collected from @entity1 with @entity2438 ( @entity2438 ; n=116), @entity245 but not @entity2438 (n=32), @entity72 but not full @entity2438 (n=27), and age-matched @entity245 ( @entity245 ) controls (n=96). Samples were assayed for systemic levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subjects with @entity2438 were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and all subjects were scored on the @entity146 ( @entity146 ) by the parents. Numerical scores for each of the @entity146 subscales as well as the total scores were then correlated with Ig levels. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2438 have a significantly reduced level of plasma IgG (5.39+/-0.29 mg/mL) compared to the @entity245 (7.72+/-0.28 mg/mL; P<0.001) and @entity245 @entity1 (8.23+/-0.49 mg/mL; P<0.001). @entity1 with @entity2438 also had a reduced level of plasma IgM (0.670.06 mg/mL) compared to @entity245 (0.79+/-0.05 mg/mL; P<0.05). Ig levels were negatively correlated with @entity146 scores for all children (IgG: r=-0.334, P<0.0001; IgM: r=-0.167, P=0.0285). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2438 have significantly reduced levels of plasma IgG and IgM compared to both @entity245 and @entity245 controls, suggesting an underlying defect in immune function. This reduction in specific Ig levels correlates with behavioral severity, where those @entity1 with the highest scores in the behavioral battery have the most reduced levels of IgG and IgM.

title: Reduced levels of immunoglobulin in @entity1 with XXXX correlates with behavioral symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aberrant Behavior Checklist', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'AU', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing', 'developmental delays', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is a serious and well known complication of @entity6 . Previous articles circumvented the problem of missing values in @entity65 data by deleting all records and fields with missing values and applying classifiers trained on different sets of features that were complete. Most of them also added alternative features to compensate for the deleted ones. Here we introduce and investigate a new method for classifying @entity65 data with missing values. In contrast to all previous papers, our new method does not delete attributes with missing values, does not use classifiers, and does not add features. Instead it is based on regression and meta-regression combined with the Ewing formula for identifying the classes of @entity65 . This is the first article using the Ewing formula and regression to classify @entity65 . We carried out extensive experiments to determine the best combination of regression and meta-regression techniques for classifying @entity65 data with missing values. The best outcomes have been obtained by the additive regression meta-learner based on M5Rules and combined with the Ewing formula. It has achieved the best accuracy of 99.78% for two classes of @entity65 , and 98.98% for three classes of @entity65 . These outcomes are substantially better than previous results obtained in the literature by deleting all missing attributes and applying traditional classifiers to different sets of features without regression. Another advantage of our method is that it does not require practitioners to perform more tests collecting additional alternative features.

title: Predicting cardiac autonomic neuropathy category for XXXX data with missing values.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy', 'CAN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Previous physiological studies have suggested that loss of microvessels (anatomic rarefaction) occurs in the skeletal muscle microcirculation of @entity35 with chronic @entity101 . However, little is known of the exact structural changes that occur during the process of anatomic rarefaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle at the ultrastructural level to search for evidence of microvessel degeneration that would correlate with the concept of anatomic rarefaction in chronic @entity101 . Cremaster muscles were removed from normal @entity35 and from @entity35 with chronic reduced renal mass @entity101 , which was produced by a 75% reduction in kidney mass followed by salt loading (4% @entity1219 chow with water ad libitum) for 4 weeks. The muscles were fixed and prepared for histological examination by light and electron microscopy. @entity194 and degeneration of both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells were observed in many arterioles of the @entity101 @entity35 . Some arterioles of @entity101 @entity35 were degenerated to such an extent that the original identity of the cells could not be determined. The @entity101 @entity35 also exhibited degeneration of capillaries and extravasation and uptake of red blood cells into lymphatic vessels. In contrast, age-matched control @entity35 exhibited normal histology. The results of this study support previous physiological evidence for anatomic rarefaction in the cremaster muscle of chronically @entity101 @entity35 .

title: Structural changes during microvascular rarefaction in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']