abstract: A case is reported of post-traumatic delayed appearance of a @entity2849 on the posterior meningeal artery. In the immediate post-traumatic stage, the @entity1 had mild disturbance of @entity1662 , mild @entity510 , and mid-line skull fracture of the posterior cranial fossa. At 15 hours after the @entity130 , the @entity1 suddenly developed @entity772 and @entity1576 . CT scanning showed further spreading of the @entity510 and newly detected @entity548 . After the @entity1 regained spontaneous respiration, cerebral angiography was performed 24 hours after admission. This initial angiography showed no @entity439 , but at 17 days after the @entity130 , follow-up angiography demonstrated the delayed appearance of an @entity384 on the posterior meningeal artery. The @entity439 was resected surgically and proved to be a @entity2849 . Having developed normal pressure @entity1276 afterwards, the @entity1 received a V-P shunt, and was discharged 150 days after the @entity130 with no major @entity51 . We discussed the indication for and timing of angiography for detecting @entity2849 . Posterior meningeal @entity2849 should be resected surgically, because intravascular surgery through the vertebral artery involves considerable risk of @entity887 .

title: [A case of post-traumatic XXXX on the posterio meningeal artery].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['deep coma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'artery pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) is delivered by intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC). The relative survival benefits of each or both regimens are explored in this large series of @entity1 undergoing cytoreduction at a single institution. METHODS: @entity1 with a complete (CCR0) or optimal ( @entity16951 ) cytoreduction who received intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal and @entity14 were included for analysis. PIC regimens were delivered according to the treatment protocol. Standardized statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 262 @entity1 , 98 @entity1 (37%) had @entity14 , 108 @entity1 (41%) had low-grade @entity1725 and 56 @entity1 (21%) had @entity298 . For @entity1725 , @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) did not vary with PIC regimen, 5-year survival was 86% in the HIPEC and EPIC group and 64% in the HIPEC or EPIC group (P = 0.070). For @entity298 , @entity1349 and overall survival (OS) did not vary with PIC regimen. For @entity14 , the median @entity1349 was 33 months in the HIPEC and EPIC group, 19 months in the HIPEC alone group and 20 months in the EPIC alone group (P = 0.046). OS did not vary with PIC regimen. CONCLUSION: From our experience, without compromising the perioperative morbidity and mortality, PIC consisting of HIPEC and EPIC appears to be associated with potential survival benefits of improved OS in @entity1725 and @entity1349 in @entity14 .

title: Comparative analysis of perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen in appendiceal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of etanercept vs placebo in preventing relapses of @entity1596 in @entity1 taking @entity1499 with control of @entity1596 and whose @entity1499 dosage was being tapered. METHODS: @entity1 with chronic or recurrent noninfectious @entity1596 with @entity32 controlled by low-dose @entity1499 were randomized to either the drug or placebo group in a double-masked manner, given a @entity1499 taper schedule, and followed for 24 weeks. The main outcome measures were control of @entity32 , visual acuity, and adverse reactions. Data were analyzed both as an attempt-to-treat analysis and an analysis only of those @entity1 who completed the study. RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 were randomized to the drug and placebo groups. Relapse of @entity1596 occurred in 3 of 10 @entity1 in the treatment group and 5 of 10 @entity1 in the control group. Two @entity1 in the treatment group withdrew prematurely from the study due to adverse effects. There was no significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups with regard to the rate of relapse and the final visual acuity. No @entity1 suffered from any irreversible, long-term morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSION: Etanercept has no significant efficacy over placebo in preventing relapses of @entity1596 in @entity1 being tapered from @entity1499 .

title: Efficacy of etanercept in preventing relapse of @entity1596 controlled by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity2177 20 mg/kg per day (10 mg/kg administered intravenously 12 hourly) in paediatric @entity1 with severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Open and prospective. SETTING: Tertiary referral multi-disciplinary ICU. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 (two groups - group A: 3 months-1 year; group B 1-5 years). INTERVENTIONS: Timed blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetics after the first dose (D(0)), as well as day 2 (D(2)) and then between days 6-8. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity2177 serum levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Demographic and clinical data and all adverse events were noted. Standard pharmacokinetic variables were calculated by non-compartmental methods. Peak concentrations (C(max)) for group A were D(0) 6.1+/-1.2 mg/l, D(2) 9.0+/-1.8 mg/l and D(7) 5.8+/-1.3 mg/l and, for group B, 7.4+/-1.3 mg/l, 7.8+/-1.6 mg/l and 6.4+/-1.3 mg/l, respectively, for the study periods. Concentration 12 h after the start of infusion (C(min)) for all periods were 0.2 mg/l or less. Areas under the curve (AUC, 12 h) were group A: 15.6+/-1.3, 19.2+/-1.63 and 14.1+/-1.4 mg/h per l, and group B: 15.9+/-1.3, 18.0+/-1.7 and 13.2+/-1.26 mg/h per l. One @entity1 presenting with @entity410 , initially controlled, had another @entity410 and a further @entity1 developed @entity410 whilst on @entity2177 . C(max) in these @entity1 were higher than the average C(max). The @entity410 of both @entity1 were easily controlled. No other drug-related serious adverse events occurred. No @entity2720 was noted. Three @entity1 died of their underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: There was no accumulation of drug even after 7 days of administration. Our C(max) and AUC were lower than that achieved in a similar adult pharmacokinetic study. To achieve end points of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) of 100-150 mg/h per l, 10 mg/kg @entity2177 eight hourly would be required for some resistant ICU organisms.

title: XXXX pharmacokinetic profiles in paediatric @entity295 : how much @entity2177 is enough?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies indicate that in both normal and pathological @entity2414 (WM) performance deteriorates, especially when associations have to be maintained. However, most studies typically do not assess the relationship between WM and episodic memory formation. In the present study, we examined WM and episodic memory formation in normal aging and in @entity1 with early @entity195 (mild @entity73 , MCI; and @entity195 , @entity195 ). METHOD: In the first study, 26 young adults (mean age 29.6 years) were compared to 18 middle-aged adults (mean age 52.2 years) and 25 older adults (mean age 72.8 years). We used an associative delayed-match-to-sample WM task, which requires @entity1 to maintain two pairs of faces and houses presented on a computer screen for short (3 s) or long (6 s) maintenance intervals. After the WM task, an unexpected subsequent associative memory task was administered (two-alternative forced choice). In the second study, 27 @entity1 with @entity195 and 19 @entity1 with MCI were compared to 25 older controls, using the same paradigm as that in Experiment 1. RESULTS: Older adults performed worse than both middle-aged and young adults. No effect of delay was observed in the healthy adults, and pairs that were processed during long maintenance intervals were not better remembered in the subsequent memory task. In the MCI and @entity195 @entity1 , longer maintenance intervals hampered the task performance. Also, both @entity1 groups performed significantly worse than controls on the episodic memory task as well as the associative WM task. CONCLUSIONS: Aging and @entity195 present with a decline in WM binding, a finding that extends similar results in episodic memory. Longer delays in the WM task did not affect episodic memory formation. We conclude that @entity2414 are found when WM capacity is exceeded, which may occur during associative processing.

title: Working memory binding and episodic memory formation in aging, mild @entity73 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['aging working memory', 'WM deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's dementia"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: The effects of weight reduction on reproductive hormones were investigated in 24 moderately @entity28 @entity1 , 18-108% above ideal body weight. Serum @entity1815 (E1), @entity53 (E2), @entity251 (T), percent free T (%FT), @entity443 ( @entity443 ) capacity, and, in 9 subjects, @entity2671 (A) were measured serially before and during an outpatient supplemented fasting program (320 kcal/day) for 8-20 weeks. In the baseline state mean E1 was elevated to 100 +/- 7 pg/ml (normal, 30-60 pg/ml). The E2 was slightly elevated to 36 +/- 3 pg/ml (normal, 8-35 pg/ml). The mean T of 400 +/- 20 ng/dl was at the lower end of normal (400-1000 ng/dl). The mean %FT was elevated to 4.1 +/- 0.2% (normal 1.6-3%). The calculated free T was normal. The mean @entity443 binding capacity was 0.99 +/- 0.05 micrograms @entity586 bound/dl (normal, 1.0-1.8 micrograms/dl). The mean A of 52 +/- 5.8 ng/dl was normal. These data were in accord with previous findings in much heavier @entity1 . Eight weeks of @entity353 (mean, 19.5 kg) were associated with normalization of all the measured parameters. The mean E1 decreased to 48 +/- 23 pg/ml, E2 to 28 +/- 2.1 pg/ml. T increased to 536 +/- 35 pg/dl and %FT fell to 3.2 +/- 0.2%. Data on @entity1 remaining on the program for 16 or 20 weeks showed a continued fall of @entity172 and stabilization of T and %FT. @entity443 and A did not change significantly over the entire time period. In conclusion, increased circulating @entity172 and reduced @entity342 binding were found in moderately @entity28 @entity1 , which were completely corrected with @entity353 .

title: The effect of @entity353 on reproductive hormones in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We sought to determine whether neonatal @entity35 that sustain unilateral @entity2806 or excitotoxic insults (1) manifest contralateral @entity51 during development or in adulthood and (2) recover from those deficits. Seven-day-old (P7) @entity35 received a right intrastriatal injection of the @entity2227 analog @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) was induced by right carotid ligation followed by 1.5 h in 8% O2. Both procedures produce @entity528 in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex. Nonlesioned controls were included. We scored percent forepaw placement on the edge of a horizontal surface, with lateral vibrissa stimulation, from P9 to P19, and at P33 and P50. Then, on P50, @entity35 were treated with the @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 to determine whether deficits could be reinstated. @entity143 - and HI-lesioned @entity35 exhibited a deficit in contralateral vibrissa-stimulated forepaw placing that emerged during the second week of life. Yet, by P33 and P50, the lesioned groups and controls were indistinguishable. @entity3390 injection on P50 resulted in transient reinstatement of the placing deficit. After unilateral neonatal excitotoxic or HI @entity1545 , contralateral @entity51 are detected, but in many animals, these deficits have resolved by adulthood. Thus, timing of sensorimotor tests may influence their sensitivity for detection of focal neuropathology originating in the neonatal period.

title: Early appearance of functional deficits after neonatal excitotoxic and XXXX : fragile recovery after development and role of the @entity143 receptor.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxic-ischemic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum albumin (SA) is a major @entity1503 . In the present study we report on the determination and structural characterization of the modified SA in the plasma of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) @entity1 . Fluorescence analysis of albumin-enriched fractions (AEF) isolated from serum of @entity631 @entity1 leads to the discovery of a proteinacous component with essential blue shift of intrinsic fluorescence. MATERIAL/METHODS: AEF were isolated from serum blood of 35 @entity631 @entity1 , 30 @entity631 @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) corrected by hemodialysis (HD) and 40 healthy donors. Their fluorescence characteristics have been compared using variations in the value of parameter A = I320/I365 that characterizes fluorescence spectrum position and shape. RESULTS: The fluorescence spectra of AEF from @entity631 and @entity631 with @entity177 @entity1 were blue- and red-shifted, respectively, in comparison with spectra of donors' serum. The value of parameter A was 1.27I0.05 for protein preparations from healthy donors, while this characteristic lies within range of 1.3-2.1 or 0.77-1.29 for @entity631 and @entity631 with @entity177 @entity1 , respectively. Moreover, for @entity631 @entity1 , the magnitude of spectral parameter A was approaching control values during the treatment of disease. CONCLUSIONS: hSA enriched fractions isolated from @entity631 @entity1 or @entity631 @entity1 with @entity177 corrected by HD differ by their spectrofluorometric properties from those of healthy donors. This technique allows the detection of @entity8 and the efficiency of their cure.

title: Biophysical characterization of albumin preparations from blood serum of healthy donors and @entity1 with XXXX . Part I: spectrofluorometric analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['proteinacous component of the blood plasma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between tubal ligation, change in menstrual cycle characteristics, and early follicular phase hormones. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of @entity1 36-44 years of age. SETTING: The greater Boston area. @entity1 (S): Nine hundred seventy-six premenopausal @entity1 with intact uteri. INTERVENTION(S): A comparison of @entity1 with and without a history of tubal ligation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Menstrual and reproductive histories were self-reported. Early follicular phase blood samples were obtained to assess FSH, LH, and E(2). We compared menstrual cycle changes from the first 5 years after menarche with completion of the baseline questionnaire in @entity1 with and without a prior history of tubal ligation. RESULT(S): Cycle length, cycle regularity, menses length, flow volume, @entity1834 , and hormone levels were similar in @entity1 with and without a history of tubal ligation. However, among parous @entity1 with a history of cesarean section, those with a tubal ligation >5 years ago experienced a marginal increase in volume of menstrual flow compared with @entity1 with no tubal ligation history. CONCLUSION(S): We found no significant change in menstrual cycle characteristics or hormone levels in @entity1 with or without a history of tubal ligation. However, tubal ligation may have a modest effect on the change in menstrual flow volume over time among parous @entity1 with a history of cesarean section.

title: Does tubal sterilization influence the subsequent risk of menorrhagia or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['dysmenorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the role of computerized tomography on the diagnosis of intradiverticulum @entity150 . We present images of various cases and perform a bibliographic review. METHODS: 5 cases of intra-diverticulum @entity150 were identified after a retrospective review. All cases had pathological confirmation. Radiological findings are reviewed for this technique and compared with those obtained by other diagnostic tests. RESULTS: CT scan allowed the diagnosis of the disease and its extension. Lateral wall was the most frequent diverticulum location and intra-diverticulum mass was the most frequent clinical presentation. Two @entity1 showed @entity5 calcification, one in the peripheral area, the other allover the @entity5 area. Vascular behavior of these @entity5 is similar to the rest of non intra-diverticulum @entity150 . Two cases showed main lumen involvement as well. All @entity5 were @entity1606 . CONCLUSIONS: CT scan is an efficient diagnostic method for the intra-diverticulum @entity189 as well as for extension determination, and it is essential for surgical planning.

title: [Intradiverticular XXXX : C.T. assessment].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasms', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is mediated by signal-induced phosphorylation of @entity4284 , subsequent @entity4284 degradation, and then translocation of unbound @entity2451 to the nucleus. Termination of gene expression occurs when @entity4284 binds @entity2451 subunits ( @entity9135 ) in the nucleus. @entity18421 specifically inhibits export of @entity4284 and the inactive @entity4284 / @entity9135 complex via the nuclear export protein @entity15200 . We hypothesized that inhibition of @entity4284 nuclear export would increase nuclear @entity4284 and attenuate @entity2451 inflammatory gene expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. We found that inhibition of @entity15200 causes nuclear accumulation of both endogenous @entity2451 ( @entity9135 ) and @entity4284 . @entity1356 causes nuclear accumulation of @entity2451 ( @entity9135 ) but does not increase nuclear @entity4284 . Inhibition of @entity15200 before @entity1356 prevented an increase in the nuclear ratio of @entity2451 ( @entity9135 ) to @entity4284 and decreases @entity2451 DNA binding. Furthermore, inhibition of @entity15200 attenuates @entity1356 -induced phosphorylation of @entity4284 without affecting IkappaB kinase phosphorylation. Lastly, inhibition of @entity15200 attenuates monocyte chemoattractant protein, @entity687 , and intercellular adhesion molecule expression in response to @entity1356 stimulation. We suggest that the decrease in cell activation due to @entity15200 inhibition is a result of termination of @entity2451 DNA binding due to increased concentration of @entity4284 in the nucleus.

title: XXXX inhibition attenuates nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent gene expression.

entities_list: @entity18421 :: ('MESH:C038753', 'Chemical') :: ['Leptomycin B']

answer: @entity15200 :: (7514,Gene) :: ['Exportin 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ) is common in @entity235 . Clinical signs may be vague until cardiac tamponade and associated @entity65 develops. Vomiting has previously been identified in some @entity235 , but the actual prevalence of @entity391 in @entity235 with @entity2294 is unknown. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of @entity391 associated with @entity2294 , and to determine if @entity391 is associated with the underlying cause of effusion, presenting plasma @entity880 concentration, or volume of @entity2294 removed. KEY FINDINGS: The medical records of 49 @entity235 diagnosed with @entity2294 were restrospectively reviewed. Data collected from the medical record included signalment, the presence or absence of @entity391 , presenting plasma @entity880 concentration, and the etiology of the @entity2294 . Twenty-five of 49 @entity235 (51%) identified with @entity2294 had recently vomited. Vomiting was more common in @entity235 with presenting plasma @entity880 concentration > 5.0 mmol/L (P = 0.02) but was unrelated to the specific etiology of the @entity2294 . The volume of @entity2294 obtained via pericardiocentesis did not differ (P = 0.79) between @entity235 with (8.7    3.4 mL/kg) and without historical @entity391 (9.1    4.3 mL/kg). SIGNIFICANCE: Vomiting is common in @entity235 with @entity2294 , and in particular, @entity235 with evidence of hypoperfusion. @entity2294 should be included as a differential diagnosis in @entity235 with a history of @entity391 that present with @entity425 or @entity891 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity235 with pericardial effusion.

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular decompensation']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: Reported associations between body measurements and the risk of @entity263 are weak and inconsistent, possibly because some measures used do not differentiate between adipose and nonadipose tissue, body components that would theoretically have different associations with @entity263 . Some studies have addressed this problem by estimating lean body mass from subjects' age, height, and weight. In a prospective cohort study of @entity1 27-75 years of age at recruitment in 1990-1994, body measurements were taken by trained interviewers. Nonadipose and adipose mass were calculated from bioelectric impedance analysis. @entity263 were ascertained by use of the population @entity5 registry. Altogether 16,336 @entity1 contributed 113,535 @entity1 -years and 477 @entity5 , of which 79 were " @entity146 ," to the analysis. We found no overall association between @entity263 and any anthropometric measurement. Analysis stratified by @entity5 @entity146 revealed modest associations between measures of adiposity and the risk of @entity146 . On the basis of the WHO cut points and compared with @entity1 in the normal range of body mass index, the risk ratio for @entity28 @entity1 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.1). For each 10-kg increase in fat mass, the risk ratio was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.8). Energy imbalance may play a role in the development of @entity263 .

title: Body size and composition and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Incident prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'aggressiveness', 'aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity526 O157:H7 (O157) is a Gram negative and highly virulent bacteria found in food and water sources, and is a leading cause of @entity102 worldwide. Diagnosis and prevention from the infection require simple and rapid analysis methods for the detection of pathogens, including O157. Endogenous membrane peroxidase, an enzyme present on the surface of O157, was used for the colorimetric detection of bacteria by catalytic oxidation of the peroxidase substrate. In this study, we have analyzed the impact of the synthesized bare gold nanorods (AuNRs) and @entity3440 -coated AuNRs on the growth of @entity526 O157. Along with the membrane peroxidase activity of O157, other bacteria strains were analyzed. Different concentrations of nanorods were used to analyze the growth responses, enzymatic changes, and morphological alterations of bacteria by measuring optical density, @entity6416 assay, flow cytometry analysis, and microscopy studies. The results revealed that O157 showed higher and continuous membrane peroxidase activity than other bacteria. Furthermore, O157 treated with bare AuNRs showed a @entity851 in comparison with the bacteria with surface modified AuNRs. Interestingly, @entity3440 -coated AuNRs favored the growth of bacteria and also increased membrane peroxidase activity. This result can be particularly important for the enzymatic analysis of surface treated AuNRs in various microbiological applicants.

title: Enhanced detection sensitivity of XXXX O157:H7 using surface-modified gold nanorods.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['decreased growth rate']

entities_list: @entity6416 :: ('MESH:C021758', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @entity1339 as a final anaesthetic manoeuvre on colonic anastomoses. A colonic @entity254 was constructed in 40 @entity35 . The animals were divided into two groups: (1) @entity35 receiving intravenous saline solution (placebo); and (2) @entity35 receiving an intravenous injection of @entity1339 . The size of the caecum, and the diameters of the pre-anastomotic and post-anastomotic colon were measured during the operation and 4 days after surgery, when all the animals were sacrificed. At this time, the presence of adhesions was also investigated. Each segment containing an @entity254 was removed, and the bursting pressure and bursting wall tension were determined. Loss of caecum diameter was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 (P = 0.03). Dilatation and obstruction of the colon were significantly more frequent in group 1 (dilatation, P = 0.01; obstruction, P = 0.047). Also, consumption of water by group 2 was greater than that by group 1 (P = 0.049). No statistically significant differences were found between the diameters of the colon (pre- and post- @entity254 ), or with respect to general adhesions and adhesions to the anastomotic line. No significant differences were found between anastomotic resistance (determined in terms of bursting pressure and bursting wall tension) in the two groups. The inclusion of @entity1339 in an anaesthetic protocol under experimental setting did not reduce the resistance of colonic anastomoses and did not compromise normal healing. Moreover, obstruction caused by peristaltic weakness might be prevented by the expulsion of stool that is induced by the strong contraction of the colonic smooth muscle.

title: Does XXXX have a deleterious effect on the resistance of colonic anastomoses?

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['neostigmine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Previously, outstanding questions have been identified including the relationship of proposed subtypes to etiology, underlying biology, and prognosis. This situation presents an opportunity for major developments in the field. The review summarizes the progress made over the past 1-2 years. RECENT FINDINGS: The etiologic, physiological, and clinical differences between @entity400 dominant, postural @entity426 , and indeterminate phenotypes have been further explored, finding genetic influences, functional imaging and clinical differences. New cluster analyses suggest that nonmotor features are important aspects of @entity191 subtypes, but there was little association found between @entity400 -dominant /postural @entity426 phenotype and nonmotor symptoms. In the cognitive realm, empirically derived subtypes of @entity1726 did not map well onto cognitive subtypes derived using a data-driven approach. In data-driven subtype research, important survival differences between subtypes were identified within the PROPARK database. SUMMARY: It will be important to revisit @entity1726 classification to consider subtyping based upon data that relate cognitive phenotype to prognosis. Given the traction that traditional motor subtyping has had in the field it would be of value to consider how nonmotor symptom clusters can be used with or alongside the motor subtypes. Finally, incorporating subtypes into clinical trials remains a significant gap in @entity191 research.

title: Subtypes of XXXX : state of the field and future directions.

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['instability gait disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Narrowband UV-B (NB-UV-B) phototherapy is used extensively to treat @entity1694 . @entity60353 , an analogue of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is known to induce tanning of the skin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for generalized @entity1694 consisting of @entity60353 implant and NB-UV-B phototherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This study was performed in 2 academic outpatient dermatology centers and 1 private dermatology practice. We enrolled @entity1 and @entity1 18 years or older with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPTs) III to VI and a confirmed diagnosis of nonsegmental @entity1694 that involved 15% to 50% of total body surface area. @entity1694 was stable or slowly progressive for 3 months. @entity1 were randomized to combination therapy (n   =   28) vs NB-UV-B monotherapy (n   =   27). After 1 month of NB-UV-B phototherapy, 16 mg of @entity60353 was administered subcutaneously to the combination therapy group monthly for 4 months while NB-UV-B phototherapy continued; the other group continued to receive NB-UV-B monotherapy. INTERVENTIONS: Narrowband UV-B monotherapy vs combined NB-UV-B phototherapy and @entity60353 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Response on the @entity1694 Area Scoring Index and @entity1694 European Task Force scoring system. RESULTS: Response in the combination therapy group was superior to that in the NB-UV-B monotherapy group (P   <   .05) at day 56. For the face and upper extremities, a significantly higher percentage of @entity1 in the combination therapy group achieved repigmentation, and at earlier times (face, 41.0 vs 61.0 days [P   =   .001]; upper extremities, 46.0 vs 69.0 days [P   =   .003]). In the combination therapy group, repigmentation was 48.64% (95% CI, 39.49%-57.80%) at day 168 vs 33.26% (95% CI, 24.18%-42.33%) in the NB-UV-B monotherapy group. Notable adverse events included @entity281 and @entity390 in the combination therapy group. Comparison between Fitzpatrick SPTs showed @entity1 with SPTs IV to VI in the combination therapy group had improvement in the @entity1694 Area Scoring Index at days 56 and 84 (P   <   .05); no significant difference was noted in @entity1 with SPT III. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A combination of @entity60353 implant and NB-UV-B phototherapy resulted in clinically apparent, statistically significant superior and faster repigmentation compared with NB-UV-B monotherapy. The response was more noticeable in @entity1 with SPTs IV to VI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01430195.

title: @entity60353 and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of XXXX : a randomized multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo', 'Vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['erythema in both groups and minor infections']

entities_list: @entity60353 :: ('MESH:C534526', 'Chemical') :: ['Afamelanotide', 'afamelanotide']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: @entity2 is the largest @entity5 killer of @entity1 and @entity1 in the united states. In addition to the progress made from antismoking primary prevention measures, new tools to help treat @entity1 with @entity2 are emerging from the rapid advances in knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of @entity2 . These tools include molecular and cellular biology and are starting to provide an insight into how the @entity5 cell, by altering oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes, achieves growth advantage, uncontrolled proliferation and metastatic behavior via disruption of key cell-cycle regulators and signal transduction cascades. Moreover, new knowledge is being developed in terms of the molecular definition of individual susceptibility to @entity286 smoke carcinogens. These tools are being translated into clinical strategies to complement surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and also to assist in primary and secondary prevention efforts. This review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of @entity2 . From this we know that respiratory epithelial cells require many genetic alterations to become invasive and @entity5 . We can detect cells with a few such changes in current and former smokers, offering the opportunity to intercede with a biomarker-monitored prevention and early detection effort. This will be coupled with new advances in computed tomography-based screening. Finally, because the molecular alterations are known, new mechanism-based therapies are being developed and brought to the clinic, including new drugs, vaccines, and gene therapy, which also must be integrated with standard therapies.

title: Molecular pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1659 with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH- @entity7058 ) is a rare @entity74 caused by mutations in the C1 inhibitor gene @entity19459 . Phenotype and clinical features of the disease are very heterogeneous, varying even in the same family. Compared to @entity7058 cohorts in other countries the genetic background of the Swiss @entity7058 @entity1 has not been elucidated yet. In the present study we investigated the mutational spectrum of the @entity19459 gene in nineteen @entity1 of nine unrelated Swiss families. The families comprise a total of 111 @entity7058 - affected subjects which corresponds to approximately 70% of all @entity7058 -affected @entity1 living in Switzerland. Three of the identified mutations are newly described. Members of family A with a @entity4334 duplication as genetic background seem to have a more intense disease manifestation with a higher attack frequency compared to the other families. Newly designed genetic screening tests allow a fast and cost efficient testing for @entity7058 in other family members. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mutational spectrum of the @entity19459 gene in Swiss XXXX with @entity1659 .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sensitive and quantitative detection of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in bone marrow (BM) samples of @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is essential for evaluation of early treatment response. In this study, we evaluated whether the traumatic BM samplings can be replaced by peripheral blood (PB) samplings. @entity41 levels were analyzed in follow-up samples of 62 @entity1 with precursor-B- @entity981 (532 paired BM-PB samples) and 22 @entity1 with @entity981 (149 paired BM-PB samples) using real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements with sensitivities of 10(-3) to 10(-5) (one @entity981 cell in 10(3) to 10(5) normal cells). In 14 of the 22 @entity981 @entity1 , detectable @entity41 levels were found in 67 paired BM-PB samples: in 47 pairs @entity41 was detected both in BM and PB, whereas in the remaining pairs very low @entity41 levels were detected in BM (n = 11) or PB (n = 9) only. The @entity41 levels in the paired BM-PB samples were very comparable and strongly correlated (r(s) = 0.849). Comparable results were obtained earlier by immunophenotyping in 26 @entity981 @entity1 (321 paired BM-PB samples), which also showed a strong correlation between @entity41 levels in paired BM and PB samples (r(s) = 0.822). In 39 of the 62 precursor-B- @entity981 @entity1 , @entity41 was detected in 107 BM-PB pairs: in 48 pairs @entity41 was detected in both BM and PB, in 47 pairs @entity41 was solely detected in BM (at variable levels), and in 12 pairs only the PB sample was @entity41 -positive at very low levels (</=10(-4)). Furthermore, in the 48 double-positive pairs, @entity41 levels in BM and PB varied enormously with @entity41 levels in BM being up to 1000 times higher than in the corresponding PB samples. Consequently, BM samples cannot easily be replaced by PB sampling for @entity41 analysis in childhood precursor-B- @entity981 , in line with their BM origin. In @entity981 , which are of thymic origin, BM sampling might be replaced by PB sampling, because the dissemination of @entity981 cells to BM and PB appears to be comparable.

title: Minimal residual disease levels in bone marrow and peripheral blood are comparable in @entity1 with T cell @entity981 ( XXXX ), but not in precursor-B- @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A @entity5274 ([ET] tuba aperta) may cause symptoms as autophony, @entity1109 , and conductive @entity393 and thus lead to an enormous cutback in quality of life. In combination with "sniffing," it can trigger the development of @entity3540 . Because of the ambiguous symptoms, the diagnosis can be challenging. A patulous ET can only be diagnosed through a well-structured examination, including @entity1 history, physical examination with thorough observation of the movements of the tympanic membrane, and tympanometry with reflex-decay. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Transnasal endoscopic injection of injectable soft-tissue bulking agent into the torus tubarius was performed in 20 @entity1 as a new treatment option for patulous ET. All @entity1 were followed up 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months after treatment. For each intervention, 0.8 to 2 mL of injectable soft-tissue bulking agent was used. RESULTS: In nine @entity1 , more than one procedure was necessary. On follow-up, 10 out of 15 @entity1 were satisfied with the result. Only three out of 15 @entity1 reported no improvement of their symptoms. The procedure was minimally invasive, fast, and easy to perform. CONCLUSION: There is no gold standard for the therapy of patulous ET. The injection of soft-tissue bulking agent in the torus tubarius is a new minimally invasive therapeutic approach, but much more clinical experience is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Treatment of the XXXX with Soft-Tissue Bulking Agent Injections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['breath synchronous tinnitus, pressure sensation']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['patulous Eustachian tube']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['Patulous Eustachian Tube']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity387 ( @entity387 ) is associated with increased rate of perioperative complications. @entity25 is a frequent symptom of @entity387 . Thus, aim of the present study was to evaluate whether preoperative assessment of @entity25 would be eligible for sufficient prediction of @entity387 . METHODS: @entity1 before scheduled surgery were prospectively recruited and asked to answer a standardized sleep questionnaire (Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ESS). The night before surgery, sleep polygraphy was performed and the oxygen desaturation index 4% (ODI   4%) was calculated. RESULTS: Data of 363 @entity1 (190 @entity1 and 173 @entity1 ) were finally analyzed. Regarding risk assessment, 42 @entity1 had ASA grade 1, 192 @entity1 had ASA grade 2, 123 @entity1 had ASA grade 3 and 6 @entity1 had ASA grade 4. Mean Body Mass Index was 27.9    5.1 kg/m2, mean age was 59.2    13.3 years and mean ESS score was 5.7    3.4. Clinical relevant @entity25 (ESS >=  11) was found in 32 @entity1 (9%). In 11 @entity1 (34%) with ESS >=  11, ODI 4% >=  5/h was calculated whereas in 21 @entity1 with ESS >=  11 (66%), ODI 4%   < 5/h was found. Odds ratio between ODI 4% >=  5/h and ESS >=  11 was 0.919 (CI 0.85-0.99, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: In @entity28 @entity1 , @entity25 is a rare event and is not associated with @entity387 . Thus, @entity25 is not eligible for the preoperative @entity387 screening.

title: [Is @entity25 a sufficient predictor of XXXX breathing during pre-anesthesia consultation?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered']


abstract: The internodal @entity2829 pulvinus responds to gravistimulation with differential cell elongation on the lower side. As the site of both graviperception and response, the pulvinus is an ideal system to study how organisms sense changes in orientation. We observed a transient 5-fold increase in @entity671 (IP3) within 10 s of gravistimulation in the lower half of the pulvinus, indicating that the positional change was sensed immediately. Over the first 30 min, rapid IP3 fluctuations were observed between the upper and lower halves. @entity2829 plants require a presentation time of between 2 and 4 h before the cells on the lower side of the pulvinus are committed to elongation. After 2 h of gravistimulation, the lower half consistently had higher IP3, and IP3 levels on the lower side continued to increase up to approximately 5-fold over basal levels before visible growth. As bending became visible after 8-10 h, IP3 levels returned to basal values. Additionally, @entity1076 5-kinase activity in the lower pulvinus half increased transiently within 10 min of gravistimulation, suggesting that the increased IP3 production was accompanied by an up-regulation of @entity1078 biosynthesis. Neither IP3 levels nor @entity1076 5-kinase activity changed in pulvini halves from vertical control plants. Our data indicate the involvement of IP3 and @entity8580 phospholipids in both short- and long-term responses to gravistimulation. As a diffusible second messenger, IP3 provides a mechanism to transmit and amplify the signal from the perceiving to the responding cells in the pulvinus, coordinating a synchronized growth response.

title: Transient and sustained increases in @entity671 precede the differential growth response in gravistimulated XXXX pulvini.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was performed to evaluate efficacy for the @entity86 and transfusion requirements of topical use of @entity927 in @entity1 undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. METHOD: Potential articles were identified from Medline (1966 - September 2014), Embase (1980 - September 2014), Pubmed (1980 - September 2014) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Other internet databases are also searched to find trials according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Moreover, gray literatures are also selected from the reference list of the included studies. High quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were selected. The software RevMan 5.1 was used for the mate-analysis. RESULTS: Four RCTs and four non-RCT meet the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in hemoglobin, total @entity190 , transfusion requirements and postoperative drainage volume between @entity928 groups and control groups. There were no significant differences in length of stay, incidence of @entity2737 , @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) between treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Present meta-analysis indicates that the antifibrinolytic agent, also known as @entity927 , could reduce hemoglobin decline, volume of @entity190 and transfusion requirements after THA, and is not related to adverse reactions or complications such as @entity2737 , @entity1150 and @entity1151 .

title: Topical application of XXXX in primary total hip arthroplasty: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['drainage, total blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: Part 1 of this article described the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and its implementation. Part 2 aims to provide basic practical guidance for treating @entity3147 . Establishing the aim of treatment and undertaking a dietary assessment will provide the basis for your intervention. Addressing nutrition-related problems, such as drug induced @entity344 , will improve the efficacy of your treatment. A food-first approach should be adopted, paying attention to meal pattern, snacks, appropriate food choices, and food fortification. Over-the-counter supplements can be useful. Proprietary (prescribable) nutritional supplements or sip feeds should be used if dietary intervention does not sufficiently improve nutritional status. Consideration of @entity1 preferences regarding flavour, style and presentation are necessary for compliance and particular care is required when selecting sip-feeds for @entity1 with @entity6 . Regular monitoring is essential and gradual discontinuation of supplements should commence if the aim of treatment is achieved. Assistance from dietetic services should be sought in developing a locally agreed policy for treating @entity3147 .

title: Acting on screening results: a guide to treating XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Official guidelines recommend palliative treatments for @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity356 . However, many case series reported that hepatectomy for such cases is safe and effective. This systematic review compares the overall survival between hepatectomy and palliative therapy in @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity356 . METHODS: Two independent reviewers performed a systematic search of literature in EMBASE and PubMed, updated until 26 October 2016. The Newcastle-Ottawa score for cohort studies was used for quality assessment of included studies. RESULTS: A total of eight cohort studies involving 196 @entity1 in the hepatectomy arm and 481 in the palliative arm were included. Median overall survival of @entity1 in the two arms was 23.7 (range, 13.0 to 48.0) and 7.6 (range, 5.5 to 15.2), respectively. Median rates of overall survival of the two arms were 69, 40, 33 and 27, 8, 4% at 1, 2, and 3  years, respectively. Comparing with palliative therapy, hepatectomy was associated with significantly lower mortality at 1  year (odds ratio 0.17, P   <   0.001) and 2  years (odds ratio 0.15, P   <   0.001). Among the @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy, Asian cohorts showed higher median rates of overall survival than Western cohorts at 1  year (76 vs. 60%), 2  years (47 vs. 30%) and 3  years (39 vs. 23%). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy in the management of liver metastases from @entity356 can be considered effective. In the elective setting, hepatectomy provides a potential alternative to palliative therapy.

title: Hepatectomy for liver metastases from XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: This paper describes the methods and initial validation of a cost-effectiveness model developed to simulate the @entity0 screening situation in France. The first screening pilot programmes were set up in France in 1989 to test the feasibility of a decentralized screening model based in a large number of existing non-dedicated radiology centres. The present cost-effectiveness model was built as a tool to help guide current policy discussions on the future of screening in France. This Markov model compares the costs and effects expected when a screening programme is offered to a given cohort of @entity1 to those expected in the absence of screening. The model was initially validated using current results from the Bas-Rhin screening programme and @entity5 registry epidemiological data. Over a 20-year period, 315 274 @entity1 would attend for screening, of whom 12 491 would be recalled for further assessment. 4423 @entity5 would be detected, resulting in 637 @entity204 . Screening allows the detection of 106 additional @entity5 cases, thereby preventing 92 @entity204 , and saves 1522 life-years compared with a situation without screening. @entity0 mortality is reduced by 12.6%, yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio of 137 000 FF per life-year saved. The results of initial analyses suggest that the model is capable of suitably assessing the impact of @entity0 screening in terms of costs and effects. Further scenario analyses are needed to understand the impact of screening policy changes on the costs and effectiveness of future screening programmes.

title: Building a model to determine the cost-effectiveness of XXXX screening in France.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Globally many @entity1 suffer from @entity308 during pregnancy. This study investigated the impact of antenatal depressive symptoms on the duration of breastfeeding up to 6 months among @entity1 in Sabah, Malaysia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 2,072 @entity1 was conducted in Sabah during 2009-2010. @entity1 were recruited at 36-38 weeks of gestation and followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. @entity308 were assessed using the validated Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between antenatal EPDS scores and cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months postpartum. RESULTS: In total, 1,078 (52%) @entity1 with complete information on breastfeeding duration were included in the final sample. Approximately 99% of mothers were breastfeeding at discharge, and 87% of them continued to breastfeed at 6 months postpartum. @entity1 with an antenatal EPDS score of 8 or above were twice more likely to stop breastfeeding before 6 months (adjusted hazards ratio=1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.26, 3.01) than those who scored less than 4 on the EPDS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 during pregnancy appeared to be associated with early breastfeeding cessation for mothers residing in Sabah.

title: Antenatal XXXX Symptoms and Breastfeeding: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive']


abstract: More than 90% of @entity14 develop from @entity652 ( @entity5 -sequence). An adequate preoperative diagnosis must include the @entity5 classification: 1. Typing = identification of the @entity5 type (by histology), 2. Grading = degree of differentiation and @entity5 (by histology), 3. Staging = anatomical spreading of the @entity5 (preoperative: clinically, postoperative: following the @entity2802 classification). Therefore, an exact @entity5 classification needs an endoscopic and histologic examination. Radiology does not fulfil these criteria and remains a complementary method only. In @entity652 with severe cell atypia and in @entity652 with @entity3 with few exceptions (degree of @entity5 3, @entity2580 , undifferentiated @entity5 ) polypectomy (by snare or surgically) is the method of choice. Only when the excision cannot be performed totally or a lymphatic infiltration is proven radical operation has to be done subsequently. In cases of advanced @entity14 only total colonoscopy with forceps-biopsies ( = typing, grading) and clinical staging with ultrasonography (liver metastases) is essential. Examination of the entire colon is decisive for preoperative diagnosis ( @entity5 in 1,6%, additional @entity75 up to 20%).

title: [ XXXX --diagnostic requirements from the clinical point of view].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative tumour', 'cancer', 'adenoma-cancer', 'metachronous cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Negative-margin resection is crucial to favorable prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1124 . However, the definition of a negative superior mesenteric artery margin (SMAM) varies. The College of American Pathologists defines positive SMAM as the presence of @entity5 cells at the margin, whereas the European protocol is based on a 1 mm clearance. In this study, we examined the prognostic significance of the SMAM distance in 411 consecutive @entity1124 @entity1 who completed neoadjuvant therapy and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Per College of American Pathologists criteria, 32 (7.8%) had positive margins, and 379 (92.2%) had negative margins. Among margin-negative group, SMAM was  <= 1, 1.0 to 5.0, and >5.0 mm in 66, 145, and 168 @entity1 , respectively. There was no difference in either disease-free survival (DFS) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the positive-margin group and SMAM  <= 1 mm (P > 0.05). However, @entity1 with SMAM 1.0 to 5.0 mm had better @entity1349 than those with positive margins or SMAM  <= 1 mm (P = 0.02). @entity1 with SMAM > 5.0 mm had better DFS and @entity1349 than those with SMAM 1.0 to 5.0 mm and those with positive margins or SMAM  <= 1 mm (P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, the SMAM distance, @entity5 differentiation, lymph node @entity3 , and histopathologic @entity5 response grade were independent prognostic factors for both DFS and @entity1349 . SMAM distance correlated with lower ypT and AJCC stages, smaller @entity5 size, better histopathologic @entity5 response grade, fewer lymph node @entity3 , and recurrences (P < 0.05). Thus our results strongly support use of SMAM > 1 mm for R0 resection in posttherapy pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens.

title: Superior Mesenteric Artery Margin of Posttherapy Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Prognosis in XXXX With @entity1124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective when used alone in the treatment of @entity308 with @entity716 features. The purpose of the present study was to examine the response to sertraline for @entity1 with and without @entity716 features using standard criteria such as recovery and remission. METHOD: An 8-week open-label trial of @entity3756 in depressed inpatients was conducted. Twenty-five subjects had DSM-IV major @entity308 with @entity716 features, and 25 had DSM-IV major @entity308 without @entity716 features. After a 1-week open washout, all subjects were rated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at baseline. The HAM-D was administered weekly, and the BPRS was administered again only at the end of the 8-week trial. Medication dosage was started at 50 mg/day, increased to 100 mg/day after 1 week, and then increased up to 200 mg/day if subjects had not remitted. RESULTS: @entity308 @entity1 without @entity716 responded significantly better than did depressed @entity1 with @entity716 using the criteria of remission (HAM-D score - 7; p =.001), response (HAM-D score - 50% of baseline score; p =.011), referral for electroconvulsive therapy (HAM-D score >/= 15; p =.011), or change in HAM-D scores (p =.016). Baseline HAM-D score and @entity716 independently predicted response, whereas baseline BPRS scores did not, regardless of whether @entity716 status was entered into the analyses. CONCLUSION: @entity308 responds more poorly than @entity308 without @entity716 to sertraline alone. @entity716 was a predictor of response independent of degree of @entity308 and general psychopathology. Limitations due to an open-label design are discussed, as are differences between this study and others using SSRIs for @entity308 .

title: @entity3756 as monotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic depression', 'Depression', 'depressive disorder', 'Depressed', 'Psychotic depression', 'depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'Psychosis', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['psychotic and nonpsychotic depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity929 ( @entity930 ), including the effects of @entity930 on coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy @entity1641 . ANIMALS: 6 adult @entity1641 . PROCEDURES: Each @entity1641 received 3.5 mg of @entity930 /kg/min for 20 minutes, i.v. Plasma @entity930 concentration was measured before (time 0), during, and after infusion. Coagulation variables and plasma alpha(2)-antiplasmin activity were evaluated at time 0 and 4 hours after infusion; viscoelastic properties of clot formation were assessed at time 0 and 0.5, 1, and 4 hours after infusion. Plasma concentration versus time data were evaluated by use of a pharmacokinetic analysis computer program. RESULTS: Drug disposition was best described by a 2-compartment model with a rapid distribution phase, an elimination half-life of 2.3 hours, and mean residence time of 2.5 +/- 0.5 hours. Peak plasma @entity930 concentration was 462.9 +/- 70.1 microg/mL; after the end of the infusion, @entity930 concentration remained greater than the proposed therapeutic concentration (130 microg/mL) for 1 hour. Compared with findings at 0 minutes, @entity930 administration resulted in no significant change in plasma alpha(2)-antiplasmin activity at 1 or 4 hours after infusion. Thirty minutes after infusion, platelet function was significantly different from that at time 0 and 1 and 4 hours after infusion. The continuous rate infusion that would maintain proposed therapeutic plasma concentrations of @entity930 was predicted (ie, 3.5 mg/kg/min for 15 minutes, then 0.25 mg/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that @entity930 has potential clinical use in @entity1641 for which improved clot maintenance is desired.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity929 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimal clinical target volume for internal mammary (IM) node irradiation is uncertain in an era of increasingly conformal volume-based treatment planning for @entity0 . We mapped the location of gross internal mammary lymph node (IMN) @entity3 to identify areas at highest risk of harboring occult disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with axial imaging of IMN disease were identified from a @entity0 registry. The IMN location was transferred onto the corresponding anatomic position on representative axial computed tomography images of a patient in the treatment position and compared with consensus group guidelines of IMN target delineation. RESULTS: The IMN location in 67 patients with 130 IMN @entity3 was mapped. The location was in the first 3 intercostal spaces in 102 of 130 nodal @entity3 (78%), whereas 18 of 130 IMNs (14%) were located caudal to the third intercostal space and 10 of 130 IMNs (8%) were located cranial to the first intercostal space. Of the 102 nodal @entity3 within the first 3 intercostal spaces, 54 (53%) were located within the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group consensus volume. Relative to the IM vessels, 19 nodal @entity3 (19%) were located medially with a mean distance of 2.2  mm (SD, 2.9  mm) whereas 29 (28%) were located laterally with a mean distance of 3.6  mm (SD, 2.5  mm). Ninety percent of lymph nodes within the first 3 intercostal spaces would have been encompassed within a 4-mm medial and lateral expansion on the IM vessels. CONCLUSIONS: In women with indications for elective IMN irradiation, a 4-mm medial and lateral expansion on the IM vessels may be appropriate. In women with known IMN involvement, cranial extension to the confluence of the IM vein with the brachiocephalic vein with or without caudal extension to the fourth or fifth interspace may be considered provided that normal tissue constraints are met.

title: Delineation of Internal Mammary Nodal Target Volumes in XXXX Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Exogenous surfactant therapy has an established role in the management of neonatal @entity649 ( @entity649 ). This article summarises the current evidence on surfactant therapy. The use of surfactant for the treatment or prophylaxis of neonatal @entity649 results in a 30% to 65% relative reduction in the risk of pneumothorax and up to a 40% relative reduction in the risk of mortality. Adverse effects, of which @entity548 is of most concern, are infrequent and long-term follow-up studies of treated @entity1 are reassuring. Natural surfactants have advantages over synthetic surfactants, including a @entity2198 and a lower mortality. Prophylactic administration of surfactant is preferred over 'rescue' administration, especially in @entity1 of < 30 weeks' gestation, as it decreases the risk of pneumothorax, @entity2542 and neonatal mortality. Prophylaxis can be administered after initial resuscitation and stabilisation. In preterm @entity1 who do not receive prophylactic surfactant, the first dose of surfactant should be administered as early as possible--early selective treatment decreases the risk of pneumothorax, @entity2542 , @entity1030 and neonatal mortality. A regimen of using multiple doses of surfactant if required has advantages over a single dose regimen. Exogenous surfactant therapy has also been used in neonatal @entity1576 other than @entity649 . In trials in severe meconium aspiration syndrome, surfactant therapy reduced the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Its role in other disorders requires testing. The development and testing of newer surfactants is in progress.

title: Exogenous surfactant therapy in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['lower frequency of pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary interstitial emphysema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Currents arising from @entity1 alpha1E and alpha1Ebeta3 Ca2+ channel subunits expressed in HEK-293 cells were examined with whole-cell recording methods and compared to properties of T-current in DRG neurons studied under identical ionic conditions. Coexpression of alpha1E subunit with the @entity1093 subunit shifted activation to more negative potentials. Activation and deactivation of both variants were comparable at most voltages, with deactivation becoming faster, but less voltage-dependent, at more negative potentials. The inactivation time course for alpha1E and alpha1Ebeta3 currents was best described by at least two exponential components. Recovery from inactivation was markedly voltage-dependent and similar for both constructs. In comparison to alpha1E and alpha1Ebeta3 constructs, T current activation was shifted to more negative potentials, activation was typically slower, deactivation exhibited a steeper voltage-dependence, and recovery from inactivation was less voltage-dependent. Over most of the activation range, native T current inactivated more completely and in a single exponential fashion. Despite some pharmacological similarities (e.g. @entity10333 , barbiturates) between alpha1E and T-type currents, aspects of blockade by @entity6478 and @entity3174 appear to distinguish alpha1E current from T-type currents. The results define several distinguishing features of alpha1E currents that distinguish them from native T-type currents.

title: Properties of Ba2+ currents arising from XXXX alpha1E and alpha1Ebeta3 constructs expressed in HEK293 cells: physiology, pharmacology, and comparison to native T-type Ba2+ currents.

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objectives. Natural history studies and @entity64 prevention trials in @entity1 with transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) have focused primarily on @entity64 or death outcomes and not recurrent @entity4905 , yet treatment decisions are often based on recurrences. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency and pattern of recurrent TIAs in @entity1 presenting with their first @entity4905 . Methods. We monitored @entity4905 recurrence for an average of 16 months in 47 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized in a tertiary care center within 3 weeks of their first @entity4905 . Treatment in 22 @entity1 was @entity117 or @entity1396 alone, and 12 underwent endarterectomy. Remaining @entity1 received @entity1229 , @entity4341 , or @entity1502 alone or with @entity117 , including two who underwent endarterectomy. Treatment was changed in only four @entity1 during the follow-up period. Results. Thirty-four @entity1 (72%) had more than one @entity4905 ; 23 of these (68%) had two to five recurrences and 11 (32%) had more than five TIAs. Nineteen of the 34 @entity1 with multiple TIAs had recurrences within 1 month of the initial @entity4905 . Only four @entity1 (12%) had recurrent TIAs throughout the follow-up period. @entity64 occurred in five @entity1 (11%); one @entity1 had a single prior @entity4905 , and the rest had multiple TIAs. No risk factors or treatments predicted which @entity1 had single or multiple TIAs. Conclusions. Most @entity1 have few recurrent TIAs, and recurrences usually occur within the first month of the initial @entity4905 . The patterns of @entity4905 recurrence identified should aid in treating @entity1 and in devising appropriate outcome measures in treatment trials in which @entity4905 is an endpoint.

title: Pattern and frequency of recurrent transient XXXX attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: To study the basic pathological changes of small intestine in @entity2439 , light- and electron microscopic studies were made, using a total of 21 @entity468 which were experimentally infected with metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai. The metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected sweetfish ( @entity15249 ) by digestion technique. The @entity468 were divided in control, light- @entity281 (10,000 metacercariae infected) and heavy- @entity281 (50,000 metacercariae infected) groups. @entity468 were killed at the 5th, 10th, 15th day, and 4th, 8th and 10th week after the @entity281 . And the small intestine was prepared for the study. Pathological studies comprised gross examination, worm distribution pattern, light microscopic examination and both transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Gross morphologic changes were the most marked during the first 2 weeks after @entity281 . The gross abnormalities were severer in the heavily infected animals. The changes were dryness and listlessness of serosal surface due to dehydration, mushy and/or watery intestinal content, effacement of transverse nodes and enlargement of mesenteric lymph folds and Peyer's patches. After 4 weeks of @entity281 , these changes became less marked showing a tendency to return to normal. 2. The sectioned flukes were distributed from duodenum to proximal ileum. However, individual variation was marked in distribution. In the heavy- @entity281 group, the locality of @entity4801 tended to extend more distally. 3. The locality of M. yokogawai in the intervillous space was mostly in the lower-most portion of intervillous space, where they compressed and eroded epithelial cells probably due to mechanical damage to the structure. Very rarely the worms were found in lumen of Lierberkuehn's crypt, and reaching, in two occasions, into proprial lymphoid tissue. 4. Light-microscopically the lesion was restricted in mucosa: Early mucosal changes were shortening, blunting, fusion, and thickening of the villi, crypt @entity1184 with consequent decrease of villus/crypt ratio, as well as stromal changes of @entity4 , @entity4122 and marked inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Goblet cells were markedly reduced in number as with depletion of its cytoplasmic content. In the later stages of @entity281 , mucosa restored its normal configuration in spite of persistent @entity4801 of the worms. 5. At the @entity281 stage of 5-15 days, there was significant shortening of the microvillous height with varible destruction of glycocalyx in electron microscopic examination. With lapse of @entity281 time, microvilli became to restore the normal pattern. With these morphological changes, it appears that @entity294 in experimental @entity2439 would be related to the decrease of absorptive surface of the small intestine particularly in the early phase of @entity281 . The significant changes seen in villi and microvilli might be due to massive intrusion or invasion of Metagonimus worms into the crypts, causing direct mechanical and possible host-immune response to the small bowel mucosa.

title: Study On The Pathology Of XXXX In Experimentally Infected Cat Intestine.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['capilliary ectasia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity15249 :: ('61084', 'Species') :: ['Plecoglossus altivelis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['metagonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity2439 :: (MESH:D014201,Disease) :: ['Metagonimiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that specific molecular sensitization patterns correlate with the clinical data/manifestation in a European peanut allergic population characterized under a common protocol. METHODS: 68 peanut allergic subjects and 82 tolerant controls from 11 European countries were included. Allergy to peanut and lowest symptom-eliciting-dose were established by double-blind placebo-controlled food-challenge in all but anaphylactic subjects. Information of early or late (before or after 14 years of age) onset of @entity16244 was obtained from standardized questionnaires. IgE to peanut allergens @entity8182 h 1-3, 6, 8-9, profilin and CCD were determined using ImmunoCAP. RESULTS: 78% of peanut allergics were sensitised to peanut extract and 90% to at least one peanut component. @entity8182 h 2 was the sole major allergen for the peanut allergic population. Geographic differences were observed for @entity8182 h 8 and @entity8182 h 9, which were major allergens for central/western and southern Europeans, respectively. Sensitisation to @entity8182 h 1 and 2 were exclusively observed in early onset @entity16244 . Peanut tolerant subjects were frequently sensitised to @entity8182 h 8 or 9 but not to storage proteins. Sensitisation to @entity8182 h 2 >= 1.0 kUA /L conferred a 97% probability for a systemic reaction (p=0.0002). Logistic regression revealed a significant influence of peanut extract sensitization and region on the occurrence of systemic reactions (p=0.0185 and p=0.0436 respectively). CONCLUSION: Sensitization to @entity8182 h 1, 2 and 3 is usually acquired in childhood. IgE to @entity8182 h 2 >= 1.0 kUA /L is significantly associated with the development of systemic reactions to peanut. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: IgE recognition patterns in XXXX are age dependent: perspectives of the EuroPrevall study.

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['peanut allergy']

answer: @entity16244 :: (MESH:D021183,Disease) :: ['peanut allergy']


abstract: @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) is a specific immune-mediated disorder, whose treatment is sometimes difficult. In order to investigate the efficacy of intravenous @entity1667 (MP) pulse therapy in @entity6875 , we studied eight @entity1 with @entity6875 , followed up for at least 6 months by clinical @entity1 self-assessment, ophthalmological examination and orbital computed tomography (OCT). A 12.5 mg/kg dose of MP was administered intravenously over a 10 hour period, once every month. Three to six MP pulse administrations were performed in each @entity1 . All @entity1 were outpatients. A 0.5 mg/kg/day oral @entity229 dose was given to each @entity1 as interpulse therapy. Clinical assessment of MP pulse therapy showed a good response in 87.5% and no response in 12.5% of @entity1 . The treatment was rapidly efficient, mostly on @entity1 self-assessment, soft tissue @entity32 , @entity4610 , corneal involvement, visual acuity and extraocular muscle enlargement on OCT. Post-treatment ophthalmic index was significantly improved (6.75 +/- 3.06 vs. 2.5 +/- 1.41: p < 0.05). MP pulse therapy had less effect on proptosis (22.94 +/- 2.32 mm vs. 21.56 +/- 2.22 mm: p < 0.05). No adverse effects were noted with MP pulse therapy. @entity1 showed no relapse of eye involvement during a mean follow up of 31.8 months (2-77 months). In conclusion, our results suggest that intravenous MP pulse therapy is a good immunosuppressive therapy for @entity6875 . Moreover, in comparison with the previous studies, the MP dose used in our present study appears to be optimal with high efficacy. MP pulse therapy represents a safe and efficient treatment in @entity6875 , which can easily be performed in outpatients.

title: Intravenous XXXX pulse therapy in the treatment of @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the transcription factor Ki-67, ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity3544 , @entity470 , and TOP II-a in the @entity5 tissue of @entity1 with @entity513 (IDC); in addition, we examined correlations between these markers. Two hundred and sixteen IDC @entity1 , who were not previously been treated with chemo- or radiotherapy, were included in the study. All @entity5 were grade I-III. Expression of molecular markers was determined by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Follow-up data were collected for 3 months to 10 years and analyzed for @entity5 recurrence, survival time, and prognostic risk factors. We determined Ki-67 expression correlates with the expression of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity470 , and TOP-a, as well as lymph node involvement, high @entity5 grade, @entity3 , high @entity5 stage, and high TNM stage in IDC. Positive Ki-67 expression was a risk factor for rapid @entity5 recurrence and may help @entity5 progression, leading to poor prognosis in IDC. Ki-67 was directly correlated with @entity470 , TOP II-a, lymph node involvement, high @entity5 grade, @entity3 , high @entity5 stage, and high TNM stage in the hormone receptor subtypes of @entity0 . In triple negative @entity0 , Ki-67 correlated with TOP II-a. Expression of Ki-67 correlated with that of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity470 , TOP II-a, and @entity3544 . In addition, the biomarker Ki-67 has a role as a prognostic factor and indicates a poor prognosis in IDC.

title: Relation between Ki-67, ER, PR, XXXX , @entity3544 , @entity470 , and TOP II-a Expression in Invasive @entity0 @entity1 and Correlations with Prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['Her2/neu']


abstract: @entity148 affect some 19 million @entity1 in the U.S. alone, costing  46.6 billion, or one third of the nation's total mental health bill in 1990. @entity1245 tranquilizers like the prototypic @entity3175 are among the most widely used anti- @entity148 agents. In addition to their anxiolytic action, they also induce sedation and may impair motor coordination, both of which are undesired side effects when they are used as anxiolytics. Not surprisingly, road traffic accidents may be increased for @entity1 on classical @entity1245 . In addition, these drugs carry the risk of dependence liability. @entity1245 augment the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter g - @entity27859 ( @entity1246 ) at contact points between two nerve cells called synapses, points at which information is transmitted from one nerve cell to the next. Synaptically released @entity1246 binds to postsynaptic GABAA receptors, thus causing an influx of negatively charged @entity2865 ions into the postsynaptic neuron. This leads to a hyperpolarization and thus functional inhibition of the postsynaptic cell. @entity1245 bind to a site on the @entity1246 (A) receptor which is different from the @entity1246 binding site, thus increasing the @entity2865 current. @entity1245 like @entity3175 bind to @entity1246 (A) receptors containing the alpha subunits alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, or alpha 5, most likely in alphabetagamma combinations.

title: Identification of molecular substrate for the attenuation of XXXX : a step toward the development of better anti- @entity148 drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity27859 :: ('MESH:D000613', 'Chemical') :: ['aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepine', 'Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3136 is the dose-limiting @entity137 for @entity1 receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens for @entity5 of the head and neck area. Currently, the management of established @entity33 includes the use of topical anesthetics and systemic analgesics. Based on the clinical evidence of @entity158 alleviation by topical @entity1286 in @entity1 with some inflammatory and painful conditions, a clinical study was undertaken to determine this effect on @entity33 -associated @entity158 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity135 treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for @entity135 who had severe painful @entity33 (World Health Organization Grade 2 or higher) were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity1286 mouthwash (MO; 14 @entity1 ) or magic mouthwash (MG), a mixture of equal parts of @entity3303 , @entity3933 , and @entity30288 (12 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The duration of severe @entity158 was 3.5 days less in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.032). The intensity of @entity158 was also significantly lower in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.038). No @entity1 in the MO group required third-step opiates for alleviation of the mouth @entity158 . There was a significant difference in duration of severe functional impairment (P = 0.017). Five @entity1 in the MG group complained of local side effects and only one in the MO group (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity135 receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy, MO is a simple and effective treatment to decrease the severity and duration of @entity158 and the duration of functional impairment.

title: Effect of topical @entity1286 for @entity33 -associated XXXX following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'head and neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity30288 :: ('MESH:C013591', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The development of simple clinical tools to identify @entity1 at risk of @entity204 would enable rapid and rational implementation of lifesaving measures to reduce childhood mortality globally. METHODS: We evaluated the ability of three clinical scoring systems to predict in-hospital mortality in a prospective observational study of Ugandan @entity1 with fever. We computed the Lambar  n   Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS), Signs of @entity32 in @entity1 that Kill (SICK), and the Pediatric Early Death Index for Africa (PEDIA). Model discrimination was evaluated by comparing @entity7441 ( @entity7441 ) and calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Sub-analyses were performed in @entity311 versus @entity221 ( @entity221 ), and in early ( <=48  hours) versus late (>48  hours) @entity204 . RESULTS: In total, 2089 @entity1 with known outcomes were included in the study (99 @entity204 , 4.7% mortality). All three scoring systems yielded good discrimination ( @entity7441 , 95% confidence interval (CI): LODS, 0.90, 0.88 to 0.91; SICK, 0.85, 0.83 to 0.86; PEDIA, 0.90, 0.88 to 0.91). Using the Youden index to identify the best cut-offs, LODS had the highest positive likelihood ratio (+LR, 95% CI: LODS, 6.5, 5.6 to 7.6; SICK, 4.4, 3.9 to 5.0; PEDIA, 4.4, 3.9 to 5.0), whereas PEDIA had the lowest negative likelihood ratio (-LR, 95% CI: LODS, 0.21, 0.1 to 0.3; SICK, 0.22, 0.1 to 0.3; PEDIA, 0.16, 0.1 to 0.3), LODS and PEDIA were well calibrated (P   =   0.79 and P   =   0.21 respectively), and had higher @entity7441 than SICK in discriminating between survivors and non-survivors in @entity311 ( @entity7441 , 95% CI: LODS, 0.92, 0.90 to 0.93; SICK, 0.86, 0.84 to 0.87; PEDIA, 0.92, 0.90 to 0.93), but comparable @entity7441 in @entity221 ( @entity7441 , 95% CI: LODS, 0.86, 0.83 to 0.89; SICK, 0.82, 0.79 to 0.86; PEDIA, 0.87, 0.83 to 0.893). The majority of @entity204 in the study occurred early (n   =   85, 85.9%) where LODS and PEDIA had good discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: All three scoring systems predicted outcome, but LODS holds the most promise as a clinical prognostic score based on its simplicity to compute, requirement for no equipment, and good discrimination.

title: Prospective validation of pediatric disease severity scores to predict mortality in Ugandan @entity1 presenting with XXXX and @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['areas under receiver operating characteristic curves', 'AUCs']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['non-malaria febrile illness', 'NMFI']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains controversial in adult @entity1 with refractory @entity326 . We sought to describe the clinical outcomes of adult @entity1 supported by ECMO during @entity326 refractory to conventional treatment. METHODS: We analysed consecutive adult @entity1 with refractory @entity326 , assisted by an ECMO system between January 2005 and December 2013 in a single-centre registry. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity1 (21 males) received ECMO support for refractory @entity326 . Of these, 14 @entity1 (43.8%) had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 7 @entity1 (21.9%) did not achieve the return of spontaneous circulation until initiation of ECMO flow. ECMO was weaned off successfully in 13 @entity1 (40.6%) and 7 @entity1 (21.9%) survived to hospital discharge. The survivors had lower peak @entity880 (4.5 vs 15.1 mmol/l, P = 0.03), lower Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment day 3 score (15 vs 18, P = 0.01) and higher peak troponin I (32.8 vs 3.7 ng/ml, P = 0.02) than the non-survivors. None of the @entity1 (31.3%) in whom ECMO was initiated more than 30.5 h after onset of @entity326 , survived. In multivariable-adjusted models, CPR [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 4.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.55-13.69; P = 0.006] was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after ECMO in @entity1 with refractory @entity326 . Higher peak troponin I > 15 ng/ml (adjusted HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.97; P = 0.04) was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Survival to hospital discharge remained low in adult @entity1 with refractory @entity326 despite ECMO support. Our findings suggest that implantation of ECMO during refractory @entity326 could be considered in @entity1 with severe @entity296 but should be avoided in @entity1 who have received CPR.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: @entity302 in @entity1313 @entity1 is often refractory to pharmacological treatments and can complicate the therapeutic management of these @entity1 . We conducted a prospective, observational study. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1771 ( @entity22717 ) in @entity1313 associated @entity302 . We studied 47 @entity1 with @entity1313 and @entity302 . The entire group was administered AEDs. TPM was the first therapeutic choice in 14 @entity1 , while in the remaining 33 @entity1 previous AEDs were modified and TPM was introduced due to side effects or inefficacy of the first drug. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 48 months (mean 16.5 months). Considering the final follow-up of each @entity1 who assumed TPM for at least 3 months, we observed 45 @entity1 : 25 were @entity410 free (55.6%), 9 had a reduction of @entity410 frequency (SF) higher than 50% (20%) and 11 were stable (24.4%). TPM responder rate was 75.6%. Three @entity1 (6.4%) discontinued TPM for severe side effects (1 after 4 months and 2 after 1 month) and 4 (8.5%) had mild and reversible side effects. In the group of @entity1 who had been in therapy with other AEDs prior to entering the study (n = 33), 19 @entity1 had side effects (57.6%). During follow-up, the haematological parameters were in the normative ranges. Tumor-related @entity410 are difficult to control with AEDs; the precise reasons for this difficulty are not yet clear. Using TPM, we obtained good @entity410 control with a low incidence of side effects.

title: Outcome and tolerability of XXXX in @entity1313 associated @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']