abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity837 is a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor indicated for @entity308 . The safety of this medication in pregnancy has not been fully established. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity837 is associated with an increased incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant @entity1 who contacted the Motherisk Program, a Teratogen Information Center in Toronto, Ontario, with regard to the safety of @entity837 in pregnancy were enrolled in the study. The exposed @entity1 were matched to a disease-matched group of @entity1 and a nonteratogenic group. All @entity1 were matched for age (+/- 2 years) and gestational age at time of first call to the Motherisk (+/- 2 weeks). A structured telephone follow-up interview was conducted following the expected date of confinement. RESULTS: The total number of pregnant @entity1 enrolled in this study was 396 (132 @entity1 in each group). A total of 125 @entity1 took @entity837 at least in the first trimester. Seventy-one (54%) @entity1 continued to take the drug throughout pregnancy. One hundred fourteen @entity1 (86%) had live births, 14 (11%) had spontaneous abortions, 2 (1.5%) had elective terminations, and 2 (1.5%) experienced @entity2209 . Fetal survival rates, mean birth weights, and duration of pregnancy were not statistically different among the 3 groups. Of 108 live-born @entity1 whose mothers were exposed to @entity837 in the first trimester, there was 1 (0.9%) male @entity1 born with a major @entity600 . There was a relative risk of 4.2 (95% confidence interval 1.71-10.26) in neonates exposed to @entity837 close to term to be admitted to special-care nurseries as compared with the unexposed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity837 use during the period of embryogenesis in pregnancy is not associated with an apparent major teratogenic risk. Late pregnancy use of @entity837 is associated with increased risk of @entity3626 , recently described with other selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors.

title: XXXX use in pregnancy: prospective comparative evaluation of pregnancy and fetal outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['poor neonatal adaptation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['Citalopram']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 is a multisystem disease characterised by chronic @entity358 and @entity3147 . To ascertain whether @entity170 is a feature of @entity1577 in adult @entity1 , total body and regional @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured in a group of eight @entity1 and eight @entity1 aged 17-42 years. METHODS: Total body and regional @entity79 (lumbar spine L2-L4, femoral neck, trochanteric, and Ward's triangle), as well as total body fat and lean mass, were measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. A range of biochemical, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables was also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1577 had significantly reduced bone density at all sites compared with normal young adults. The mean reductions ranged from 7% at Ward's triangle to 13% at the trochanter. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with @entity79 at four sites and disease severity negatively correlated with @entity79 at two sites. Other biochemical and anthropometric variables were not predictive of bone density. Total body fat mass was reduced by 30% compared with normal young adults. CONCLUSIONS: Bone density is decreased in adult @entity1 with @entity1577 and BMI and disease severity are independent predictors of bone density.

title: Bone mineral density and body composition in adult @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Drugs may elicit a considerable variety of clinical signs, often affecting the skin and the mucous membranes. The most common are maculopapular exanthema, @entity110 and @entity113 . More rarely pustular, vesiculobullous, vasculitic and @entity75 may be observed. Apart from the morphology, also the chronology of the occurrence and the evolution of the single @entity272 and the exanthema are paramount in the clinical diagnosis. Often, the skin is the only affected organ; however, it may herald a systemic involvement of internal organs, such as in severe drug-induced @entity56 syndromes or @entity2021 . Cutaneous manifestations, particularly maculopapular exanthemas have a high incidence among @entity1 treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In many cases, a virus- or drug-induced origin or a combination of both is responsible. However, the transplantation itself may also induce similar skin changes. These exanthemas include most often graft-versus-host disease, and rarely engraftment syndrome or eruption of lymphocyte recovery. The elucidation of the underlying cause of the exanthemas occurring in immune compromised @entity1 and the determination of the correct diagnosis remain challenging. An extensive differential diagnosis has to be put forward. This includes several groups of disorders with sometimes very similar cutaneous manifestations. Manifestations form the underlying disease, complications from therapy, @entity281 and drug reactions are the most common differential diagnoses.

title: Drug XXXX reactions during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lichenoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few published reports on kidney transplantation (KT) in @entity1032 @entity1 with @entity1032 . The aim of this study is to clearly identify the outcome of KT in these @entity1 and clarify whether handicapped @entity1 can be candidates for KT. METHODS: Our study identified 25 multiply handicapped transplant recipients from 8 institutions. Causes of @entity1032 were @entity2008 in 5 @entity1 , @entity74 in 10 @entity1 , @entity600 in 2 @entity1 , and other or unknown causes in 8 @entity1 . @entity66 leading to @entity454 were @entity13090 in 12 @entity1 , @entity628 in 3 @entity1 , @entity5409 in 3 @entity1 , and other in 7 @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 received living-related transplants from a parent and 2 @entity1 received cadaver transplants. Twenty-two @entity1 were on peritoneal dialysis therapy, 2 @entity1 were on hemodialysis therapy at the time of KT, and 1 @entity1 underwent preemptive KT. Eleven acute rejection episodes occurred in 8 @entity1 . All episodes were completely reversed with treatments that included mainly @entity1667 pulse therapy. @entity1071 occurred in 2 @entity1 . Follow-up data showed that all grafts were functioning during a mean observation period of 41.1 months (range, 4 to 187 months). All @entity1 providing primary support for @entity1 were satisfied with the KT and believed that quality of life was improved in both transplant recipients and themselves. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that KT is not contraindicated in handicapped @entity1 , but cannot determine which @entity1 are unsuitable to undergo KT.

title: Kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients with XXXX : clinical results of a multicenter experience in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'physically handicapped']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Primary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental brain anomaly']

entities_list: @entity13090 :: ('MESH:C566906', 'Disease') :: ['congenital urinary tract anomaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present our experience with irradiation alone or combined with neck dissection for AJCC @entity189 and compare our results to those obtained with conservation surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three @entity1 were treated between 1964 and 1990. All @entity1 had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up; no @entity1 was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year rates of local control and ultimate local control were, for Stage T1 (17 @entity1 ), 88% and 94%; and for Stage T2 (56 @entity1 ), 79% and 91%. @entity1 with @entity75 had a significantly higher rate of local control after twice-daily, compared with once-daily, irradiation (p = .04). However, a multivariate analysis of various parameters revealed that none of the variables tested significantly influenced this end point: vocal cord mobility (p = .15), once- vs. twice-daily fractionation (p = .33), T1 vs. T2 (p = .32), apex invasion (p = .58), and pretreatment CT scan (p = .67). Local control with laryngeal voice preservation was obtained in 88% of @entity1 with T1 @entity5 and 80% of those with T2 @entity5 . Ultimate control above the clavicles at 5 years according to AJCC stage was as follows: I and II, 100%; III, 78%; @entity3480 , 75%; and IVB, 60%. The probability of cause-specific survival at 5 years was as follows: I and II, 100%; III, 83%; and @entity3480 and IVB, 51%. Overall, nine @entity1 (12%) developed severe complications, one of which was fatal. CONCLUSION: Compared with available data from series using conservation surgery, radiotherapy alone or followed by neck dissection results in similar rates of local control and survival with a significantly lower risk of fatal complications.

title: Radiotherapy alone or combined with neck dissection for T1-T2 XXXX : an alternative to conservation surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T2 lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['T1-T2 pyriform sinus carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pyriform sinus']


abstract: The use of laparoscopic splenectomy has increased in recent years, primarily for @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). We describe herein the first known case of a laparoscopic splenectomy to be performed in Japan for a @entity1 with a giant @entity4890 . A 26-year-old @entity1 presented to our hospital with the major complaint of a feeling of abdominal fullness. Prior to surgery, an ultrasound-guided @entity45 was conducted for diagnostic purposes as well as to reduce the size of the cyst. The @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level was found to be elevated in the cystic contents and in the serum. Under laparoscopic guidance, the splenic vessels were ligated using a device for extracorporeal ligation, then divided. After the resected spleen had been placed in a retrieval bag, it was delivered out of the abdominal cavity without @entity1949 . Following surgery, the patient's serum CA 19-9 level returned to normal. @entity4890 are most often encountered in young @entity1 , and laparoscopic surgery to remove cysts of this type is both minimally invasive and excellent from a cosmetic standpoint. Thus, laparoscopic surgery should be considered as the method of choice for the majority of @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity4890 .

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy for a giant XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['splenic epidermoid cyst', 'Splenic epidermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['splenic cyst puncture']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity4890 :: (MESH:D004814,Disease) :: ['splenic epidermoid cyst']


abstract: One hundred and fifty-one consecutive new @entity1 with suspected @entity157 ( @entity157 ) were investigated from 1989 to 1990. Ultrasound showed the @entity5 to be inoperable in 111 @entity1 . Selective hepatic angiography revealed 17 more @entity1 with inoperable @entity157 . @entity99 ( @entity99 ) was injected in the remaining 23 @entity1 . In 16 of them, a clinical decision could be reached basing on the radiological findings. @entity99 ultrasound ( @entity99 /USG) guided biopsy was done in seven @entity1 with suspicious lesions. Histology obtained with this method revealed hyperplastic cirrhotic nodules in four @entity1 (two with suspected @entity157 and two with suspected secondaries). In another two @entity1 , the suspected lesions were confirmed to be malignant. In the last @entity1 who had received chemotherapy for extensive @entity157 , @entity99 /USG guided biopsy revealed @entity39 tissue only. At laparotomy, diffuse infiltrative abnormality was found and repeated biopsy confirmed residual malignancy in the @entity5 . We conclude that when there is radiological uncertainty as to the nature and extent of the @entity157 , @entity99 /USG guided biopsy can help the clinician to make important decisions.

title: @entity99 ultrasound guided biopsy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HIAL', 'Hepatic intra-arterial lipiodol']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) develop biopsy-positive @entity226 ( @entity226 ) significantly less frequently than nondiabetic @entity1 . METHODS: We compared the prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 with positive @entity432 ( @entity432 ) with that in @entity1 with negative @entity432 via a retrospective study of 215 @entity1 who underwent @entity432 . @entity1 were classified as having biopsy-positive @entity226 if microscopic examination disclosed active or healed @entity3468 . @entity1 were classified as having @entity6 if they had a diagnosis of @entity6 in their medical history or were taking oral hypoglycemic medications and/or insulin at or before the time of biopsy. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of 8 previously published articles with a total of 1,401 additional biopsy-proven cases of @entity226 in @entity1 whose status was recorded as @entity6 or nondiabetic. RESULTS: Of 44 cases with biopsy-positive @entity226 in our @entity1 cohort, only 4 (9.1%) were @entity6 at or before the time of biopsy. Of 171 @entity1 with negative @entity432 , 61 (35.7%) had @entity6 (P = 0.0006). The prevalence of @entity6 among recorded cases of biopsy-positive @entity226 ranged from 0% to 13.8% in the 8 studies included in our meta-analysis, with a combined frequency of 89 @entity6 @entity1 in a total of 1,401 cases (6.35%). CONCLUSION: The low frequency of a positive @entity432 in @entity6 suspects should be considered when formulating an index of suspicion in the evaluation of @entity1 with possible @entity226 . More research is needed to delineate the nature of the interaction between @entity6 and @entity226 .

title: Prevalence of @entity6 in biopsy-positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'diabetic GCA']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['TAB', 'temporal artery biopsy']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: @entity7138 ( @entity7138 ) and @entity12737 ( @entity12737 ) are two sides effects associated with the usage of @entity205 (CyA) but not with @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and security of the conversion from CsA to @entity1140 to treat those two complications. From August 1996 to May 1997, 15 @entity1 (9 males, 6 females) aged from 23 to 63 years old (38 +/- 14, mean +/- SD) were switched from CsA to @entity1140 , 12 for @entity7138 , 2 for @entity12737 and one for combined presentation. @entity1140 was first initiated at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day and then adjusted to a level target of 8 ng/ml. The conversion was done on an out @entity1 basis at average 35 (5-83) months after transplantation. @entity1 were followed prospectively for 12 months. There was a significant reduction in @entity7138 in all @entity1 within 3 months. Five out 13 @entity1 had a complete resolution of @entity7138 within three months of conversion, 9/12 within 6 months and all by 12 months. @entity12737 resolved completely within 6 months. No rejection episode occurred and the serum creatinin remain stable over one year post conversion. Conversion from CsA to @entity1140 is thus a safe and valid option to treat CsA induced @entity7138 and @entity12737 .

title: [ @entity12737 and gingival hypertrophy regression in renal transplants following the substitution of @entity205 by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['GH', 'Gingival Hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: This was a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, short-term study comparing @entity5616 and @entity10809 at the standard dosages of 300 mg at bedtime. In 49 centres in Italy, all peptic @entity1066 @entity1 aged over 65 years and with endoscopically documented acute disease were considered eligible for the study. Clinical check-ups were repeated every 3 weeks, while the endoscopic and biochemical assessments were scheduled at 6 and (in unhealed @entity1 ) 12 weeks. STATISTICS: chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, Student t-test for unpaired data. The study included 170 duodenal @entity1066 and 75 @entity2275 @entity1 . Of these, 83/170 duodenal @entity1066 and 38/75 @entity2275 @entity1 were treated with @entity10809 300 mg and the remainder with @entity5616 300 mg. The groups were well-matched for common clinical data. Eight @entity1 dropped out. Healing rates at 6 and 12 weeks were 81.9% and 91.5% for @entity10809 -treated duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 versus 78.1% and 94.2% for @entity5616 -treated duodenal @entity1066 cases (P: N.S.); 6 and 12-week healing rates were 76.3% and 89.5% for @entity10809 -treated @entity2275 @entity1 versus 67.6% and 83.8% for @entity5616 -treated @entity2275 @entity1 (P: N.S.). No slow healing risk factors were found. Only minor adverse events were registered. IN CONCLUSION: @entity5616 300 mg and @entity10809 300 mg both proved effective and safe in the treatment of acute peptic ulceration in the elderly.

title: Peptic @entity1066 in the elderly--a double-blind, short-term study comparing @entity10809 300 mg with XXXX 300 mg. GISU ( @entity1066 Study Group).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10809 :: ('MESH:D016567', 'Chemical') :: ['nizatidine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: @entity9251 is indicated for the treatment of @entity2704 attack and @entity2686 ; it is currently marketed as a subcutaneous injection, nasal spray, and oral tablet. New formulations are under consideration. The knowledge of @entity9251 absorption, combined with PK/ @entity1726 information would help the design of more efficient formulations. In this perspective, we attempted to model the absorption of @entity9251 by population PK analysis. Data following administration by the intravenous (i.v.), the subcutaneous (s.c.), and the oral (po) route in healthy subjects were analyzed. A large database with full kinetic profiles was constituted. @entity9251 was administered to 215 healthy subjects (i.v., s.c., and po) and to 143 @entity2704 sufferers (po). The mean age was 31 years (18-86 years) in healthy subject population and was 38 years (18-65 years) in @entity2704 @entity1 . The mean weights were 74 kg (54-104 kg) and 66 kg (38-136 kg) in healthy subjects and @entity2704 @entity1 , respectively, and the mean heights were 176 cm (157-193 cm) and 164 cm (152-183 cm) in healthy subjects and @entity2704 @entity1 , respectively. A NONMEN analysis was performed using a two-compartment disposition model. Oral absorption was modeled with a first-order input followed by a zero-order input. Less biased results were obtained using the FOCE method. The total clearance and the distribution volume at steady state were 71.2 L/hr and 94.5 L after i.v. dosing and 68.7 L/hr and 109 L after inclusion of the s.c. and po data. The absorption phase appeared to last for about 5 hr. The interindividual variability of the main PK parameters was low: It was around 20% for the total clearance and around 30% for the distribution volume at steady state. Although significant, the combination of age and height on clearance did not decrease considerably the interindividual variability of this parameter (decrease of 2.2%); nor was it possible to establish clearly if a @entity2704 attack has an effect on drug absorption because of the sampling scheme during absorption. Simulations have shown that it would have been possible to estimate all the PK parameters with a data set reduced to one quarter of its actual number of samples.

title: Mixed effect modeling of @entity9251 pharmacokinetics during drug development: II. From healthy subjects to phase 2 dose ranging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than half of @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 ( @entity521 ) will experience recurrence. Radiologic imaging is used for initial staging and during therapy to assess response. However, the role of surveillance imaging in the detection of relapse has not been well studied. Surveillance potentially results in high cumulative exposure to @entity66 , which may be associated with an increased risk of developing second @entity5 . PROCEDURE: We reviewed @entity521 cases at our institution between 2000 and 2011. We calculated radiation exposure due to imaging (during diagnosis, treatment, and posttherapy surveillance) using cumulative effective dose (CED) estimates and determined whether cross-sectional imaging identified recurrences. RESULTS: Fifty of 183 @entity1 with @entity521 experienced a recurrence. The median time from diagnosis to relapse was 1.20 years (range: 0.18-6.66 years). Most @entity1 had evidence of @entity3 and only 4 of 50 @entity1 presented with isolated primary @entity5 site recurrences. The mean CED prior to relapse was 125.2 @entity2073 (range: 24.5-259.7), 64% of which was from computed tomography (CT) scans. Thirty-seven of 50 @entity1 had clinically evident or measurable disease detected by X- @entity16039 (XR), ultrasound (US), or urinary @entity2661 (UCats), and the addition of @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) scans identified eight additional recurrences. Thus, cross-sectional imaging (CT/MRI, where MRI is magnetic resonance imaging) was only required to identify 10% (5/50) of cases. CONCLUSION: @entity66 was detected in most @entity1 by symptoms/exam, @entity7990 scan, UCats, and/or XR/US, supporting reduced use of CT imaging in posttherapy surveillance, thereby decreasing cumulative radiation dose. Refinement of surveillance imaging may be further guided by risk stratification, disease sites, and potentially biomolecular markers.

title: Surveillance imaging and radiation exposure in the detection of relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Relapsed disease', 'ionizing radiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine', 'MIBG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: In this double-masked, double-dummy, randomized, single crossover study, we compared single doses of a fast-dissolving wafer formulation of @entity6359 with a conventional tablet formulation of @entity5616 in @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ). @entity1 preference time until symptomatic relief, and predictive characteristics of early responders were assessed. Eligible @entity1 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity354 and symptoms of @entity354 of sufficient severity to require relief. The study treatment was one dose of @entity6359 (20-mg wafer) and one dose of @entity5616 (150-mg tablet), which were given in a randomized order and taken as needed. The @entity1 were instructed to measure the symptomatic effects on a seven-point categorical scale (1 = worse to 7 = free of symptoms) at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. After the clinical phase of the trial, the @entity1 indicated their global assessment of efficacy and their preference for the wafer or the tablet. Of the 829 @entity1 who completed the study, significantly more preferred the wafer to the tablet. While there was no significant difference in the global assessment of efficacy, the @entity6359 wafer provided significantly better relief than the @entity5616 tablet during the first hour after dosing. However, at 120 and 180 minutes, the degree of relief was similar for the two drugs. The time until a clinically significant effect was also similar for the two drugs, and approximately one half of the @entity1 experienced such improvement within 3 hours. Multivariate analyses disclosed no predictive characteristics of early symptomatic effect.

title: On-demand therapy in @entity354 : a comparison of the early effects of single doses of fast-dissolving XXXX wafers and @entity5616 tablets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity6359 :: (MESH:D015738,Chemical) :: ['famotidine']


abstract: The involvement of the @entity167 -inducible @entity5321 in the hepatoprotective mechanism of the plant @entity3096 extract @entity9601 , and its main active component @entity28041 , was investigated in isolated hepatocytes. @entity824 @entity137 , associated lipid peroxidation and @entity2197 depletion was efficiently counteracted by @entity9601 (0.01-0.5 mM), and at higher concentrations by @entity28041 . Cell damage by @entity2469 was also prevented by @entity9601 and @entity28041 , but less efficiently. However, the covalent binding of the @entity1443 intermediate, formed via P450 2E1, was unaffected by addition of the @entity3088 . @entity28041 did not influence microsomal 2E1-catalyzed demethylation of @entity1232 . Neither did demethylation of @entity1232 or @entity17690 by isolated microsomes affect the in vivo administration of @entity28041 . Addition of @entity9601 or @entity28041 to primary cultures of isolated hepatocytes did not prevent cell damage induced by exposure to the P450 2E1 substrate @entity14605 . In contrast, the mere presence of low concentrations (25-50 microM) of these compounds was found to inhibit cell attachment to the matrix and eventually resulted in cell damage. We conclude that contrary to earlier reports we found no evidence for an interaction of @entity9601 or @entity28041 with @entity5321 . This suggests that the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties may account for most of the therapeutic effect of these compounds. The untoward effect of @entity9601 on cultured cells may have consequences when considering long-term prescription of this therapeutic agent.

title: Hepatoprotective mechanism of XXXX : no evidence for involvement of @entity5321 .

entities_list: @entity824 :: ('MESH:C006463', 'Chemical') :: ['Allyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity9601 :: ('MESH:D012838', 'Chemical') :: ['silymarin']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity28041 :: ('MESH:C440975', 'Chemical') :: ['Silybin', 'silybin']

answer: @entity9601 :: (MESH:D012838,Chemical) :: ['silymarin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Post-intubation @entity6184 (PITS) continues to be challenging in terms of diagnosis, management and prevention. Recurrence is common because of excessive granulation tissue formation and an insidious process of scar contracture. Topical application of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) as an adjuvant treatment for endoscopic management of @entity850 has shown good results. The authors aimed to evaluate the results of @entity1139 topical application following bronchoscopic dilatation as an adjuvant in PITS treatment. METHODS: Retrospectively selected @entity1 with PITS who had had @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ) dilatation followed by @entity1139 application as adjuvant to endoscopic treatment. @entity1139 in a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml was applied with a @entity2708 stiletto around the stenotic lesion and granulation tissue for 3 minutes. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with PITS, with a median @entity6184 of 75% of the lumen, underwent @entity2003 / @entity1139 treatment. Mean @entity1139 sessions performed/ @entity1 was 3.5, with good response and prolonged decrease in granulation tissue formation in 55% of cases, moderate in 18% and relapse in 27%. Mean @entity850 improvement was 34%. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1139 application at 0.4 mg/ml concentration seems to be associated with good results as adjuvant in PITS management with decrease in granulation tissue and sustained improvement in lumen diameter.

title: Topical application of @entity1138 as an adjuvant treatment to bronchoscopic procedures in post-intubation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['RB', 'rigid bronchoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis', 'initial tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['tracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pericardial @entity291 prosthesis Pericarbon should offer some advantages in comparison with the former generations, because its development is focused on solving previous problems and resulted in the variation of the pericardial fixation method, of valve structure and of stent coating. This hypothesis was evaluated through a retrospective follow-up. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1989, 78 Pericarbon prostheses O 29 were implanted in mitral position by the same surgeon. All @entity1 received @entity1229 for the first three months to maintain an International Normalized Ratio between 2.5 and 3.5; after which they received antiaggregant therapy indefinitely. With an average follow-up period of 7.34 years for a total of 573 @entity1 -years, we evaluated perioperative and late mortality, late morbidity ( @entity1031 and @entity548 events, reoperations, primary tissue failures, @entity137 ) and @entity1 clinical conditions. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was 1.28% (1/78), late mortality was 11.6% (9/77) with 5 valve-related deaths. 5-year survival was 93% and 10-year survival 97%. Fifteen @entity1 required reoperation for prosthetic replacement, fourteen for primary tissue failure. There were ten minor @entity1031 , one major event, one @entity548 and one @entity884 (the last two with @entity1 exitus). After 10 years (75% of @entity1 were in New York Heart Association class I-II. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the known better haemodynamic performance, Pericarbon bioprosthesis seems to present a survival and redofreedom curve comparable to the best porcine prosthesis, with less incidence of @entity884 , @entity1031 and prosthesis leakage.

title: XXXX pericardial bioprosthesis in mitral position. A ten-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditic events']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the theoretical basis and results of a Phase I study of concurrent intraperitoneal @entity900 and @entity221 in the treatment of @entity43 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Previously treated @entity1 with @entity43 received intraperitoneal instillation of @entity900 and 60 minutes of regional @entity221 , with a goal temperature of 41.5 degrees C. @entity900 dose started at 20 mg/m2 with escalation to the maximally tolerated dose. Six such cycles given every 3 weeks were planned. Pharmacokinetic studies with and without @entity221 were performed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 receiving 17 courses of treatment were evaluable. The maximally tolerated dose of @entity900 was between 80 and 120 mg/m2. The dose limiting @entity137 was nephrotoxicity in all but one course. The median intraperitoneal temperature was 40.7 degrees C; the majority of treatments in which the goal temperature was not reached had power limited by @entity1 discomfort. No major @entity137 attributable to @entity221 were noted. Pharmacokinetic studies noted no significant differences between treatments with vs. without @entity221 , with intraperitoneal to plasma area under the curve ratios being 30-35. Ten @entity1 had a decline in their CA-125 count during treatment, although in only two @entity1 did this response persist beyond their course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal @entity900 and regional @entity221 can be performed with reasonable @entity137 . The maximally tolerated dose of 80-120 mg/m2 in pretreated @entity1 (which is similar to those reported with @entity900 alone) and median intraperitoneal temperatures of 40.7 degrees C, however, are felt to be too low to be efficacious in a significant percentage of @entity1 with @entity66 . Further study using intravenous @entity8962 and controlled analgesia is being performed.

title: Intraperitoneal @entity900 and regional @entity221 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8962 :: ('CHEBI:26977', 'Chemical') :: ['thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulky recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serious complications, such as emboli and @entity5880 , are still frequent in documented cases of @entity884 . Infecting organisms other than Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus are becoming more common. CASE REPORT: A 8 year-old @entity1 was admitted because of a @entity158 in the right @entity291 followed by complete disability. She had low-grade @entity221 and presented with a moderate heart murmur with no sign of @entity712 , a severe @entity158 at palpation of her @entity291 with no Homans sign; she had many dental caries. Laboratory data indicated @entity491 with increased percentage of polymorphonuclear cells and increased sedimentation rate. Ultrasonography of the @entity291 showed laceration of the muscle with blood suffusion. Echocardiography showed vegetations involving the mitral valve. Intravenous antibiotic therapy with @entity3397 and @entity5153 was instituted, but @entity339 appeared 7 days later while the @entity221 persisted. At that time, the brain CT scan showed @entity2806 , while angiography showed several @entity5880 . Neisseria mucosa was recovered from the 5 initial blood cultures 16 days after the onset, and @entity3397 was replaced by @entity869 . A second vegetation involving the aortic valve was seen a few days later, and a recent arterial @entity887 to the right leg was suspected because @entity221 and @entity158 reappeared. The @entity75 gradually disappeared and a second angiography performed 3 months after the first showed that all but one large @entity5880 had disappeared; this last @entity439 was excised. Four years later, the @entity1 is in good health without any neurological sequelae but having @entity339 . CONCLUSION: This @entity1 presented with classical complication of @entity884 , a saprophytic organism of the oral cavity. This is the second report of such an infection in @entity1 .

title: [Neisseria mucosa XXXX complicated by intracerebral @entity439 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysms', 'mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sudden pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis due to Neisseria mucosa', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for suicide are at least partially heritable and functional polymorphisms of targeted genes have been suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. However, other studies examining the association between specific gene variants and suicide revealed inconsistent findings. We aims to evaluate the possible association between MAO-A3, @entity4914 *1F and @entity14644 gene variants, hopelessness and suicidal risk in a sample of subjects with chronic @entity2704 . METHODS: 56 @entity1 were genotyped for MAO-A3, @entity4914 *1F and @entity14644 gene variants. @entity1 were also assessed using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale (SHSS). RESULTS: @entity1 with higher total scores on affective dysregulated temperaments are more likely to have higher BHS (11.27+/=5.54 vs. 5.73+/=3.81; t19.20 = -3.57; p < 0.01) and higher SHSS total scores (4.79+/=3.31 vs. 1.05  2.31; t17.74 = -3.90; p < 0.001) than those with lower total scores. 67% of @entity1 in the dysregulated group has BHS total scores >= 9 indicating high levels of hopelessness. No association was found between MAO-A3, @entity4914 *1F and @entity14644 gene variants and suicidal risk as assessed by BHS and SHSS. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not sustain the association between MAO-A3, @entity4914 *1F and @entity14644 gene variants and increased suicidal risk in @entity1 with chronic @entity2704 . Further studies investigating the gene-environment interaction or focusing on other genetic risk factors involved in suicidal behaviour are needed.

title: Gene variants with suicidal risk in a sample of subjects with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine and affective temperamental dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine and affective temperamental dysregulation']


abstract: Raman spectroscopy can be used to assess the structure of naturally occurring @entity3129 ( @entity3129 ), which exist in a wide range of crystal structures. The sources of these geological and environmental materials include rocks, soils, river sediments, and marine sediment cores, all of which can contain carbonaceous material ranging from highly crystalline @entity15583 to amorphous-like organic compounds. In order to fully characterize a geological sample and its intrinsic heterogeneity, several spectra must be collected and analyzed in a precise and repeatable manner. Here, we describe a suitable processing and analysis technique. We show that short-period ball-mill grinding does not introduce structural changes to semi-graphitized material and allows for easy collection of Raman spectra from the resulting powder. Two automated peak-fitting procedures are defined that allow for rapid processing of large datasets. For very disordered @entity3129 , Lorentzian profiles are fitted to five characteristic peaks, for highly graphitized material, three Voigt profiles are fitted. Peak area ratios and peak width measurements are used to classify each spectrum and allow easy comparison between samples. By applying this technique to samples collected in Taiwan after Typhoon Morakot, sources of @entity505 to offshore sediments have been identified. @entity505 eroded from different areas of Taiwan can be seen mixed and deposited in the offshore flood sediments, and both @entity15583 and amorphous-like @entity505 have been recycled from terrestrial to marine deposits. The practicality of this application illustrates the potential for this technique to be deployed to sediment-sourcing problems in a wide range of geological settings.

title: Automated analysis of XXXX in powdered geological and environmental samples by Raman spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'carbonaceous materials']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The risk of @entity5864 and @entity3001 in a forested area in England with public access was studied over a two-year period. @entity277 levels were high with more than 1000 members of the public reporting for tick removal at a local clinic. Most of the attached ticks were nymphs (82%) and distinct differences in anatomical sites of attachment were observed in @entity1 and adults. @entity1 sustained nymphal bites to the head, neck and axilla region much more frequently than adults (48 vs. 10%), whereas adults were bitten on the lower legs more frequently than @entity1 (46 vs. 9%). The vegetation was heavily infested with ticks and high numbers were particularly associated with areas used by deer. The average density of nymphs collected from the vegetation was 14.1 per 10 m2 (range 5.1-43.6). Infection rates of these nymphs determined by PCR and indirect IFA ranged from 5.2-17.0%, and the genospecies Borrelia valaisiana and @entity25974 were detected, suggesting that birds may be important reservoir hosts in this area. It is estimated that, at the level of tick challenge observed here, at least 50 @entity1 per year may be bitten by infected ticks at this site. However, no cases of @entity3001 have been reported through the clinic follow-up procedure, and sera from 19 forest workers were negative for antibody to @entity2069 sensu lato. Despite the high challenge from tick bites, this particular recreational forest site poses a low risk of @entity281 , and prophylactic antibiotic treatment or serological testing following a bite is not justified.

title: Tick bite and XXXX risk at a recreational site in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['Tick infestation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection to the general public']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme borreliosis']


abstract: @entity4903 affect both the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, and have been associated with the development of @entity65 . @entity557 (TAFI) is a link between coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency on TAFI levels and function. The effect of @entity16414 on TAFI was studied in healthy volunteers who were randomised to receive @entity1955 or no medication for 14 days in a crossover design. The effect of @entity1375 on TAFI was studied in a multicentre observational cohort study. Blood was drawn before treatment of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1375 and when euthyroidism was achieved. Plasma clot-lysis times, activated TAFI (TAFIa)-dependent prolongation of clot-lysis and TAFI levels were measured. Thyroid hormone excess resulted in a @entity558 and in an enhanced TAFIa-dependent prolongation of clot lysis. A trend towards decreased plasma TAFI levels was observed in healthy volunteers who used @entity1955 . @entity1375 resulted in hyperfibrinolysis and a reduced TAFIa-dependent prolongation of clot lysis. In conclusion, alterations of TAFIa-dependent prolongation of clot lysis in @entity1 with @entity1374 may cause an @entity73 . The disturbed haemostatic balance in @entity1 with @entity1378 might make them prone to @entity715 , while the risk for @entity548 may increase in @entity1 with @entity1375 .

title: @entity557 in XXXX and hyperthyroxinaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinolytic condition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired haemostatic balance']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity16414 :: ('MESH:D006981', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroxinemia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: The authors analysed the dynamics of the activity of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 , hypophyseal-adrenal, and sympathoadrenal systems in 46 @entity1 during a hemodialysis session according to the type of hemodynamics. No essential changes were encountered in the hormone concentration in @entity1 with normotension and "controllable" @entity101 . In @entity1 with "uncontrollable" @entity101 the dialysis @entity2700 was attended by increased activity of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system, the level of @entity701 and the adrenocorticotropic hormone increased slightly. Daily @entity2922 excretion was 2-3.5 times below the lowest normal value. Noradrenaline clearance of the plasma membrane dialyser was 82.1 ml/min. Increase in the concentration of @entity1063 , and the activity of @entity916 and @entity1369 were encountered both in @entity551 and in arterial @entity101 . It is concluded that disturbed water balance, dyselectrolythemia, @entity417 , @entity166 , etc. are the trigger factor of decompensation of the system of the hormonal hemodynamic regulation. Substitution adrenomimetic therapy for arresting collaptoid reactions is inexpedient. Systematic use of medicinal agents should be avoided in favour of a search for an optimal dialysis regimen, should this prove ineffective the decision should be made in favour of an operation.

title: [The activities of the XXXX -angiotensin- @entity1369 and sympathetic-adrenal systems during hemodialysis].

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: In this investigation, we examined the impact of the alpha1 adrenoceptor (alpha1-ADR) antagonist @entity3159 on the urodynamic characteristics of upper urinary tract function and associated micturition characteristics of the adult male @entity35 . The focus of the study was to evaluate the extent to which @entity3159 affects urine production and ureteral transport relative to its effect on micturition. Control micturition studies were first performed using 28 awake @entity35 that were placed in metabolic cages for characterization of the frequency and mean and total volume voided over a 4-hr period. Following the control studies, the effect of intraperitoneal @entity3159 , 30 microg/kg, was evaluated under identical conditions. Urodynamic studies were done to identify the @entity1494 and voiding characteristics of anesthetized @entity35 that were infused with saline at a rate of 0.22 ml/min. From the urodynamic studies the parameters of bladder pressure (Pves) and volume (V) during filling, urethral opening (Puo) measured at the moment of micturition, and maximum detrusor pressure during voiding (Pdetmax) were evaluated. External sphincter electromyography was also monitored and recorded together with bladder pressure during voiding. Renal pelvic pressure was measured via a nephrostomy catheter and recordings were made simultaneously with @entity1494 and voiding. The upper urinary tract was visualized using microscopic video imaging of the ureter, contrasted by perfusing the renal pelvis with indigo carmine. Characterization of upper tract transport was made in terms of renal pelvic pressure, ureteral peristaltic rate, and bolus length and velocity. The results show that in the awake @entity35 , 30 microg/kg of @entity3159 decreased the urine production rate from 4.8 +/- 0.074 to 1.6 +/- 0.23 ml (P < 0.001) and micturition frequency by a similar proportion from 1.99 +/- 0.44 to 0.53 +/- 0.08/hr. In the lower urinary tract, @entity3159 did not change the baseline pressure of the bladder but produced significant dose-dependent decreases in Pdetmax, Puo, and frequency of micturition. In the upper urinary tract, ureteral and pelvic frequencies decreased, whereas the length of bolus increased significantly corresponding to increased doses of @entity3159 . These results suggest that, although @entity3159 facilitates micturition by reducing urethral opening pressure, it also reduces the rate of urine production and modulates the function of urine transport in the upper urinary tract.

title: Effect of alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist on the urodynamics of the upper and lower urinary tract of the male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The chimney graft technique has been proposed as an alternative endovascular treatment of @entity449 , extending the landing zone and enabling successful exclusion of the @entity439 with standard endograft devices. METHODS: A prospective observational study assigning @entity1 with @entity449 treated with single renal chimney grafts in a tertiary vascular center in the United Kingdom was conducted. Primary outcome endpoints were defined as technical success, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and freedom from any type of endoleak, reintervention, and @entity204 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled. Successful aortic and chimney graft implantation was achieved in all @entity1 . A proximal type I endoleak noticed on completion angiogram was treated with an aortic extension cuff. None of the @entity1 died within 30 days of treatment. Two @entity1 developed a @entity1070 during follow-up, resulting in @entity1756 and @entity204 . Both @entity1 had had uneventful chimney procedures, and no endoleak was evident on previous surveillance computed tomographic scans. All chimney grafts remained patent, and none of the @entity1 developed @entity8 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal type I endoleak constitutes a weak point of chimney graft interventions. Increased vigilance in surveillance of such @entity1 to prevent late @entity439 is required. Additional research to identify potential poor prognostic morphologic indicators is expected.

title: The chimney technique in XXXX repair: late ruptures after successful single renal chimney stent grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['juxtarenal aortic aneurysm', 'juxtarenal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type IA endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm-related complications', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'aneurysm-related death']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to establish whether intrathecal narcotics for @entity1337 offer an adequate and cost-effective alternative to epidural analgesia with minimal side effects in our small, semirural community hospital with limited anesthesia coverage. STUDY DESIGN: Low-risk @entity1 at > or = 35 gestational weeks in active labor were offered intrathecal narcotics. A retroactive chart review of every @entity1 receiving an intrathecal injection was compared with a chart review of the next consecutive low-risk @entity1 who did not receive an intrathecal narcotic. Age, parity, and status of labor at the time of application were noted, as was the subsequent rate of labor and the type of delivery. Side effects such as changes in vital signs, @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity111 , @entity1576 were noted. All study @entity1 received @entity3575 , 25 to 35 micrograms, plus 0.25 to 0.3 mg of preservative-free @entity1286 combined with 6 to 8 mg of @entity3303 . Within 15 minutes of delivery intravenous @entity5889 (Nubain), 5 mg, and oral @entity836 , 12.5 mg, were administered. @entity158 relief was recorded as excellent, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory (requiring additional medication). RESULTS: During the 30-month review period, 90 @entity1 (3% of total deliveries) received intrathecal narcotics. There were three sets of twins, for a total of 93 live births. Ten @entity1 (11%) required primary cesarean section, and of the 83 vaginal births 35 (38%) were spontaneous, two (2%) required forceps deliveries, and 46 (49%) were delivered by vacuum extraction, which was significantly higher than the 28 (31%) for controls. The rate of labor was not affected, with both groups requiring a similar rate of @entity398 ( @entity398 ) augmentation. Significantly more @entity1 receiving intrathecal narcotics experienced @entity111 and urinary retention compared with controls. There was no incidence of @entity1576 . Eighty-four (93%) of the 90 @entity1 reported excellent @entity158 relief, five @entity1 had satisfactory relief lasting 2.5 to 6 hours, and one was unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: In our hospital with limited anesthesia services intrathecal narcotics offer excellent @entity158 relief with manageable side effects and without adverse obstetric outcome.

title: Intrathecal narcotics for XXXX in a community hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Pitocin', 'oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric analgesia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression', 'urinary retention, and/or respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'labor pain']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['obstetric analgesia']


abstract: Degradation of extracellular matrix, especially elastin, within the aortic wall is a hallmark of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Normal turnover of matrix proteins is mediated by a family of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP activity is regulated by proteins called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We analyzed the expression of all known MMPs with established elastolytic activity and TIMPs in @entity1 @entity11557 and control tissue. mRNA coding for @entity1495 , @entity1476 , @entity1 macrophage metalloelastase, @entity1917 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 were amplified by reverse transcriptase-PCR in control and @entity11557 tissue. A Northern blot assay was used to measure the levels of mRNA coding for @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 . Control aortic tissue was obtained from @entity1 with @entity432 and from organ donors. The expression of @entity1917 and @entity1 macrophage metalloelastase was not detected in any aortic specimens. By Northern blot analysis the mean level of @entity1476 mRNA was not significantly different between control groups and @entity1028 (normalized values: occlusive, 1.5 +/- 0.8, n = 3; donor, 4.5 +/- 2.2, n = 6; @entity11557 , 4.0 +/- 0.95, n = 15). There was a significant increase in the level of @entity1495 mRNA in @entity11557 specimens (occlusive, 16.8 +/- 3, n = 3; donor, 5.7 +/- 1.2, n = 6; @entity11557 , 56.7 +/- 11, n = 15, p = 0.0069). The levels of mRNA coding for @entity2843 were not significantly different. There was a small but statistically significant increase in @entity1552 mRNA in @entity11557 tissue. These data support the hypothesis that increased activity of @entity1495 , but not @entity1476 , is an important factor in the etiology of @entity1028 . This enhanced @entity1495 activity could then result in degradation of the ECM, leading to @entity384 .

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs in XXXX @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to assess the isolation rate of bacterial and fungal causative agents in Mexican @entity1398 adults with hematological @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective observational survey involving 120 consecutive episodes of @entity1398 during 1 year was carried out. These episodes were observed in 630 @entity1 discharged with diagnoses of @entity1778 or @entity706 , or after bone-marrow transplantation. RESULTS: At least one pathogen was isolated in 42 of 120 episodes (35%), and was present in 39 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) (43%), @entity981 ( @entity981 ) (23%), and in @entity1 who underwent bone-marrow transplantation (20%). Primary @entity2259 was the most frequent cause of @entity221 (24 episodes, 57%), followed by intravascular device-related @entity281 (5 episodes, 17%), and soft-tissue @entity281 (5 episodes, 15%). @entity526 (33%) was the most frequently isolated agent of primary @entity2259 , followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%), and @entity7101 (16%). @entity364 was responsible for five events (4%): two episodes of @entity55 ( @entity9619 and @entity54 , one event each); two cases of @entity12045 , one due to @entity9841 and one to Rhodotorula gluttinis, and one @entity1330 event. CONCLUSIONS: The isolation rate, approximately 30%, was in accordance with previous reports; similar percentages of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates were found. A remarkably low rate of viridans group streptococci and fungal agents was observed, despite the fact that @entity1398 is the main risk factor for @entity281 due to these agents. Studies reporting local microbiological findings are necessary because they support an antibiotic choice for prophylaxis or therapy more accurately than reports from other areas.

title: Microbiological findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9619 :: ('37727', 'Species') :: ['Penicillium marneffei']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7101 :: ('571', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella oxytoca']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: The effect of @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) in the @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) has been evaluated in 4 randomized clinical trials. A positive effect could be excluded in only one study conducted in Great Britain which included 29 @entity1 . The more powerful studies conducted in Sweden (39 @entity1 ), in North America (245 @entity1 ) and in France (220 @entity1 ) demonstrated that early use of four PEs in @entity1 with a @entity5011 severe enough to require assistance in walking was followed by decreased duration and severity of the acute phase. These conclusions were ratified at a North American consensus conference. More recently, @entity8450 has been demonstrated to increase the number of @entity1 who recover normal muscular power after a 1-year follow-up. The French trial also demonstrated that diluted albumin should be preferred over fresh frozen plasma. The number of plasma exchanges and the role of @entity8450 in initially benign forms is of great importance and is now under study by a cooperative group in France. The effect of immunoglobulins (IgG) was recently investigated in a randomized trial including 150 @entity1 . In this study, high doses (0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days) were compared with 5 @entity8450 administered between days 7 and 14 in @entity1 and adults who, at inclusion, were unable to walk. The main result was that the outcome at one month was good with IgG as with @entity8450 . Treatment is easier with IgG, and morbidity is lower. Direct costs are similar. If IgG are shown to be as effective as @entity8450 , IgG should be given for @entity5011 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunoglobulins or @entity8450 ? XXXX : indications for @entity8450 and immunoglobulins].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ) has been recognized as a new risk factor for @entity65 independent of plasma lipid levels or other factors. However, it remains unknown whether @entity3562 is implicated in the target organ damages associated with @entity101 . The present study first examined the possible role of @entity3562 in the development of @entity631 in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity101 @entity35 . High-performance liquid chromatography showed that plasma total @entity1255 (tHcys) concentration was 7.64 +/- 0.29 micromol/L in conscious DS @entity35 on a low salt (0.4% @entity1219 ) diet, which was higher than 5.23 +/- 0.25 micromol/L in Dahl salt-resistant normotensive @entity35 . When these @entity35 were exposed to a high salt (4% @entity1219 ) diet, plasma tHcys markedly increased in DS @entity35 (14.7 +/-1.31 micromol/L) but not in Dahl salt-resistant @entity35 (5.34 +/- 0.54 micromol/L). An @entity68 chelater, @entity5532 (0.3 mg/kg IV per day), completely normalized high salt--induced elevations of plasma tHcys and significantly attenuated the sclerotic changes in the glomeruli in DS @entity35 . To further determine whether @entity3562 has an independent effect in the development of @entity631 , @entity35 were fed drinking water containing @entity1853 (1 g/kg per day) for 6 weeks to produce @entity3562 . In these @entity35 , plasma tHcys increased to 12.5 +/- 1.9 micromol/L (versus 6.1 +/- 2.6 micromol/L in control @entity35 ), and the aorta exhibited typical sclerotic changes, but arterial pressure was not altered. Urinary protein excretion increased to 52 +/- 2 mg/24 hours (versus 17 +/- 2 mg/24 hours in control @entity35 ), and the glomerular mesangium was expanded with @entity8 , @entity891 , and fibrous deposition in the @entity35 with @entity3562 . These results suggest that elevated plasma @entity1255 may be an important pathogenic factor for @entity8 in @entity101 independent of arterial pressure.

title: Implications of XXXX in @entity8 in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular damage', 'glomerular hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['capillary collapse']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hHcys', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3562 :: (MESH:D020138,Disease) :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']


abstract: The 93-bp region downstream of the enhancer ( @entity108 ) in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the mink cell focus-forming virus (MCF13) has been shown to be important for transcriptional activation and viral lymphomagenicity (J. C. Tupper, H. Chen, E. F. Hays, G. C. Bristol, and F. K. Yoshimura, J. Virol. 66:7080-7088, 1992). In this report, we have further explored the role of the @entity108 region in transcriptional activation. We observed that it has enhancer-like abilities as well as some unique LTR properties. Transcriptional activation by the @entity108 region involved interactions with enhancer sequences that were either synergistic or additive, depending on the cell type. The most intriguing property of the @entity108 region is its ability to induce transcription in activated T cells. This activity is unique for the LTR in that no other LTR region can do this. We also examined the role of the @entity108 region in retroviral lymphomagenesis. We cloned and sequenced proviral LTRs integrated upstream of the cellular c-myc gene from DNA obtained from @entity6732 induced by @entity108 region deletion mutant viruses in AKR @entity19 . We determined that for transcriptional activation of the @entity18122 , enhancer sequences can substitute for the @entity108 region. This study identifies the significance of non-enhancer sequences in the LTR for the oncogenesis of the MCF13 retrovirus.

title: Identification of a region of a XXXX leukemia virus long terminal repeat with novel transcriptional regulatory activities.

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity1501 (FA) reduces plasma @entity1255 (Hcy), whether the simultaneous improvement in endothelial function is dependent on Hcy lowering per se is questionable. In the present study the relationship between FA dose, Hcy lowering and endothelial function in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity453 received either 400 microg FA or 5 mg placebo daily for a 6-week treatment period. A further 44 @entity1 with @entity453 received either 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of @entity7727 or placebo for a 6-week treatment period. @entity384 ( @entity384 ), a measure of endothelial function, was assessed before and after the 6-week periods. Isometric tension and Western blotting were used to investigate the effect of FA on endothelial function and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) dimerization in isolated @entity95 aortic rings and cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), respectively. RESULTS: Both 400 micro g day(-1) and 5 mg day(-1) FA significantly increased plasma @entity1501 and decreased plasma @entity5784 . The @entity384 improved significantly after 6 weeks' treatment of 5 mg day(-1) FA but did not correlate with the reduction in Hcy. There was no change in @entity384 in either the 400 micro g FA or placebo group. In a subgroup analysis of 11 @entity1 in the @entity7727 group, despite a reduced Hcy, a significant impairment in @entity384 was observed. In the in vitro studies FA, but not @entity7727 , reversed @entity1853 -induced @entity409 . Moreover, the FA promoted eNOS dimerization in cultured PAEC. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that FA dose-dependently improves endothelial function in @entity453 via a mechanism independently of Hcy lowering. It may involve promotion of eNOS dimerization.

title: High- but not low-dose @entity1501 improves endothelial function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Octreotide treatment may be associated with @entity5990 development in up to 50% of @entity1 with @entity2012 . Two new sustained-release formulations of @entity1943 analogue have been recently developed: @entity18245 SR ( @entity18245 ) and octreotide @entity8800 ( @entity2390 @entity8800 ). The incidence of @entity5990 development in @entity1 receiving these drugs has been shown to be less than 20%, but the duration of follow-up has been limited. OBJECTIVE: Prospectively to assess and compare the effects of the two new long-acting somatostatin agonists on @entity1085 in @entity1 with @entity2012 . METHOD AND @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 with active @entity2012 were studied. Three @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity5990 at the start of the study. Ultrasound scans were performed before commencement of the treatment, and repeated during treatment with @entity18245 and octreotide @entity8800 . The presence of @entity5990 , fasting @entity1085 (FV), residual volume (RV) and maximal percentage gall bladder emptying were measured. RESULTS: One @entity1 developed asymptomatic @entity5990 after treatment with octreotide @entity8800 for 4 months. FV and RV were both significantly larger when @entity1 received treatment with @entity18245 SR or octreotide @entity8800 compared with pretreatment values (P<0.05 for both). Maximal percentage gall bladder emptying was significantly reduced in @entity1 receiving @entity18245 SR or octreotide @entity8800 compared with pretreatment (P<0.01), but was less impaired in @entity1 receiving @entity18245 SR than in those receiving octreotide @entity8800 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1085 is impaired in @entity1 receiving either of these new long-acting preparations, and long-term follow-up will be needed to establish the true incidence of @entity5990 .

title: Differing effects on gall-bladder motility of XXXX SR and octreotide @entity8800 for treatment of @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Gall bladder motility', 'gall bladder motility', 'gall bladder volume']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones', 'small gall stones', 'gall-stone', 'gall stone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide SR', 'Somatuline', 'lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity18245 :: (MESH:C060347,Chemical) :: ['lanreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A negative electromechanical window (EMw) was recently proposed as a better preclinical tool than QTc interval to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. As such, we utilized the @entity3652 / @entity4763 anesthetized @entity840 to characterize the EMw and QTc interval for a diverse set of reference agents with known clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. Then we determined the clinical proarrhythmia predictive capacity of EMw shortening compared to @entity9493 inhibition or QTc interval prolongation alone. METHODS: Changes in EMw and QTc interval by 26 reference agents were evaluated in the @entity3652 / @entity4763 -anesthetized @entity840 . @entity911 matrix analysis using the @entity9493 , QTc and EMw indexes ( @entity9493 IC50, QTc EC5 or the EMw EC-10 divided by their respective free therapeutic maximal plasma concentration) at various folds the therapeutic concentrations was conducted to assess the concordance of each index to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic risk. RESULTS: Shortening of the EMw concomitant to an increase in QTc interval was observed in the GP with known pro-arrhythmic drugs. Non-torsadogenic compounds did not cause EMw shortening, although some prolonged the QTc interval. The preclinical:clinical concordance of the EMw index (88%) was similar (p>0.05) to using QTc interval prolongation alone (85%) but significantly greater (p<0.05) than using @entity9493 inhibition alone (69%). In addition, the specificity when using the EMw (87%) was largely greater (p<0.05) than using QTc interval (73%) or @entity9493 inhibition (60%) alone. When the components of the response (duration of left ventricular pressure (LVP) cycle (QLVPend) or QT interval) that caused EMw shortening were considered, the concordance is further improved (>95%). CONCLUSION: EMw shortening improves QTc interval prolongation recording in early drug development and increases the translatability over existing preclinical tools in predicting clinical @entity943 .

title: Shortening of the electromechanical window in the @entity3652 / @entity4763 -anesthetized XXXX model to assess pro-arrhythmic risk in early drug development.

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal studies demonstrate that several @entity5600 are embryofetotoxic and are associated with increased @entity393 and @entity600 . Results from @entity1 studies on @entity5600 and @entity393 are inconsistent. METHODS: We examined @entity393 prospectively in relation to urinary @entity5244 metabolite concentrations among @entity1 undergoing medically assisted reproduction. We used data from 256 @entity1 conceiving 303 pregnancies recruited between 2004 and 2012 from the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center. We quantified 11 @entity5244 metabolite concentrations and calculated the molar sum of four @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) metabolites (  @entity5248 ). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for biochemical loss and total @entity393 (<20 weeks' gestation) across quartiles using repeated measures log-binomial models, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking and @entity249 diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 303 pregnancies, 83 (27%) ended in loss less than 20 weeks' gestation and among these, 31 (10%) ended in biochemical loss. Although imprecise, the RRs for biochemical loss increased across quartiles of   @entity5248 and three individual @entity5248 metabolites. For   @entity5248 , the RRs (confidence intervals) were 2.3 (0.63, 8.5), 2.0 (0.58, 7.2), and 3.4 (0.97, 11.7) for quartiles two, three, and four, compared with one, respectively (P trend = 0.04). RRs for total @entity393 were elevated in the highest quartiles of   @entity5248 and three @entity5248 metabolites. The remaining seven @entity5244 metabolite concentrations evaluated were not associated with either outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We found a suggestive pattern of association between conception cycle-specific urinary concentrations of @entity5248 metabolites and biochemical and total @entity393 among @entity1 undergoing medically assisted reproduction.

title: Urinary Concentrations of XXXX Metabolites and Pregnancy Loss Among @entity1 Conceiving with Medically Assisted Reproduction.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity5244 :: (MESH:C032279,Chemical) :: ['Phthalate']


abstract: @entity1614 is an @entity74 of connective tissue with manifestations in various organ-systems including cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the frequency of cardiovascular alterations by echocardiography in 2 age cohorts of Mexican @entity1 with @entity1614 and their comparisons with control groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty six with @entity1614 and 33 control @entity1 were evaluated by echocardiography. Segments of the aorta and pulmonary artery were measured at different levels, cardiac valves were examined for prolapse and the interatrial septum was assessed for septal @entity439 . Numeric values were corrected for the body surface area and compared with the control group. RESULTS: Mean significant values between group I ( @entity1 ) and Group II (adults) were as follows: aortic annulus 16.62 +/- 4.57 mm/m2 vs 12.81 +/- 1.95 (p < 0.001), aortic root 23.30 +/- 7.49 mm/m2 vs 18.36 +/- 2.97 (p < 0.001), sinuses of Valsalva 24.14 +/- 7.29 mm/m2 vs 19.84 +/- 3.59 (p < 0.001), ascending aorta 18.43 +/- 5.90 mm/m2 vs 17.02 +/- 4.79 (p < 0.001), aortic arch 16.12 +/- 4.73 mm/m2 vs 14.20 +/- 2.68 (p < 0.001). @entity338 was seen in 10/22 (45.5%) vs 7/44 (15.9%), p < or = 0.03. @entity439 was found in 3/22 (13.6%) vs 20/44 (45.5%), p < or = 0.03. There was a significative diference in the presence of @entity439 between the adult group and control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity65 in our series is similar to that in the literature with the exception of the very high incidence of @entity338 vs control groups, then it suggests that the clinical manifestations of @entity1614 are strikingly severe in the Mexican population. Also a high incidence of @entity439 (34.9%) in comparison to control groups (18.2%) was found.

title: Echocardiometric evaluation of @entity65 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve prolapse', 'Pulmonary valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['interatrial septal aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'atrial septal aneurysm', 'Interatrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: The phospholipid platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) is a potent cell-derived bioactive molecule thought to be involved in diverse inflammatory processes. It has been shown that @entity5567 can activate different leukocyte types and platelets, particularly in synergy with other agonists. In this study we examined the effect of @entity5567 upon the release of @entity112 and @entity4352 (LT) C4 by basophils when added alone and in combination with different agonists and cytokines. @entity5567 by itself did neither induce @entity112 release nor the generation of LTC4 by basophils. However, basophils primed by the hematopoietic growth factors (hGF) @entity2772 , @entity2841 , or @entity225 (10 ng/ml) released preformed and de novo synthesized mediators in response to @entity5567 at 10 to 100 nM concentrations. The extent of mediator release by hGF primed basophils in response to @entity5567 was similar to that induced by an optimal concentration of monoclonal anti-IgE. Thus, similar to @entity687 / @entity687 and @entity4417 , @entity5567 efficiently stimulates mediator release in hGF-primed basophils only. However, @entity5567 was clearly a more potent trigger of LTC4 formation in @entity2772 -primed cells than @entity687 / @entity687 or @entity4417 . When @entity5567 was used as a second trigger, the priming effect of @entity225 was less than that of @entity2772 or @entity2841 , whereas the response for other IgE-independent agonists (i.e., @entity2242 or @entity5038 ) was augmented equally by all three hGF. @entity1356 -pretreated basophils released minimal amounts of @entity112 in response to @entity5567 . Neither @entity310 nor @entity5567 , nor the combination thereof, was able to induce basophil mediator release. The efficiency of the different cytokines to prime for @entity5567 responsiveness was strikingly similar to their capacity to enhance anti-IgE-induced mediator release. Similar to other IgE-independent agonists, the kinetic of mediator release in response to @entity5567 was very rapid. @entity5567 pretreatment of basophils did not enhance mediator release in response to diverse agonists, such as @entity2242 and @entity5038 , in contrast to the capacity of @entity5567 to augment the response of other leukocyte types to appropriate stimuli. Thus, depending on the presence of @entity2772 , @entity2841 , or @entity225 , @entity5567 is a potent basophil agonist capable of inducing @entity112 release as well as de novo synthesis of LTC4.

title: Platelet-activating factor induces mediator release by human basophils primed with XXXX , granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or IL-5.

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['IL-3']


abstract: The cell integrity pathway of @entity375 monitors cell wall remodelling during growth and differentiation. Additionally, this pathway responds to environmental stresses that challenge the integrity of the cell wall. We conducted a genome-wide survey of genes whose expression was altered in response to activation of @entity19624 / @entity19624 , the MAP kinase, under the control of cell integrity signalling. We identified 25 genes whose regulation was altered by @entity19624 activity. Among these, 20 were positively regulated by @entity19624 , and five were negatively regulated. Most of the genes identified encode either known or suspected cell wall proteins or enzymes involved in cell wall biogenesis. These include @entity4495 (GPI) proteins, members of the Pir family of cell wall proteins, @entity19624 itself and others. All of the regulation detected was mediated by the Rlm1 transcription factor, a MADS-box protein that is phosphorylated and activated by @entity19624 , but for which no transcriptional targets had been identified. A similar pattern of regulation was observed when cell integrity signalling was induced by environmental stress (i.e. temperature upshift).

title: Genome-wide analysis of gene expression regulated by the XXXX cell wall integrity signalling pathway.

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a promising treatment for @entity1 with @entity298 ( @entity298 ). Our objective was to identify new prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity298 from @entity14 treated with this procedure. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity298 from @entity14 treated by HIPEC from January 2000 to December 2007 were prospectively included. The @entity5 extension was assessed by the @entity5 was recorded using the completeness cytoreductive score (CCs). All clinical and treatment data were computed in univariate and multivariable analyses using survival as primary end point. RESULTS: We carried out 51 complete procedures in 49 consecutive @entity1 . The mean PCI was 10. The allocation of CCs was: CC-0 = 37, @entity14105 = 14. The five-year overall and progression-free survival rate were 40% and 20%, respectively. Several prognostic factors for survival were identified by univariate analysis: PCI < 9 (P < 0.001), CC-0 vs. @entity14105 (P < 0.01) and involvement of area 4 (P = 0.06), area 5 (P = 0.031), area 7 (P = 0.014), area 8 (P = 0.022), area 10 (P < 0.0001), and area 11 (P = 0.02). Only the involvement of the distal jejunum (area 10) was significant in the multivariable analysis (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the involvement of area 10 (distal jejunum of the PCI score) was an independent factor associated with poor prognosis.

title: Small bowel involvement is a prognostic factor in XXXX treated with complete cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the residual disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare early feeding with traditional postoperative dietary management for development of @entity344 , including ileus after major gynecologic surgery for benign conditions. METHODS: @entity1 who had major gynecologic surgery for benign conditions were randomly allocated to early feeding of low residue diets 6 hours postoperatively or traditional dietary management of clear liquids with normal bowel sounds, and regular diet with passage of flatus. Demographic and perioperative data were collected, and @entity1 answered questionnaires on their perception of bowel function and @entity158 using the McGill @entity158 Scale. Power analysis found that 130 @entity1 were needed to find a twofold greater incidence of ileus in the early feeding group with 80% power and alpha =.05. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 139 @entity1 , 67 allocated to the early feeding group and 72 to the late feeding group. The incidence of @entity86 for the study population was 4.4% and did not differ between groups (early 3% versus late 5. 8%, P =.68). There were no differences in @entity1 demographics, surgical procedures, anesthesia used, and intraoperative complications between groups. With the exception of more complaints of @entity390 in the late feeding group (23% versus 13%, P =.04), there were no differences in other postoperative variables, including other perioperative complications, @entity158 medicine requirements, fluid and caloric intake, median @entity158 scores, and gastrointestinal function. The low incidence of perioperative complications made the power to detect differences between groups low. CONCLUSION: Low residue diet 6 hours after major gynecologic surgery for benign indications was not associated with @entity344 , including ileus.

title: Early feeding and the incidence of XXXX after major gynecologic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative gastrointestinal complaints', 'postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']


abstract: The aim of this open, randomized, crossover study was to compare the inhaled mass of @entity4184 suspension delivered by nebulization, using constant output, breath-synchronized, or pulsed jet nebulization techniques. The inhaled mass was defined as the amount of drug deposited on a filter between the inspiratory port of the nebulizer and the face mask or mouthpiece used by the subjects. The breath-synchronized nebulization delivered aerosol during the whole inspiration, whereas the pulsed nebulization was adjusted to deliver aerosol for up to 1 sec from the start of inspiration. @entity4184 suspensions, 2 mL of 0.5 mg mL(-1), or 2 mL of 0.25 mg mL(-1), in single-dose respules, were used (AstraZeneca R_D Lund, Lund, Sweden). Eleven @entity1 (7 @entity1 , age range 2.5-5.8 years) with either a clinical suspicion or a confirmed diagnosis of @entity565 and 11 healthy adolescents and adults (6 male, age range 13-52 years) were enrolled. With constant output nebulization, the median inhaled mass of @entity4184 was about 17.6% (range 9.6-21.2%) of the nominal dose (i. e., dose of drug in the respule per label claim) in adolescents and adults, and 18.1% in @entity1 (15.7-21.4%). With pulsed nebulization the median inhaled mass increased to 23.4% (22.0-28.1%) in @entity1 and to 32.8% (24.8-38.0%) in adolescents and adults (P < 0.001). With breath-synchronized nebulization median inhaled mass increased to 30.1% (21.7-28.1%) in @entity1 , but was unchanged (30.8%, 27.0-38. 0%) in adolescents and adults. The mode of nebulization (i.e., constant or breath-synchronized) had a statistically significant effect on the inhaled mass in @entity1 and adolescents or adults (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in inhaled mass between the breath-synchronized and pulsed nebulization in @entity1 only (P < 0.05). The results support the use of breath-synchronized but not pulsed nebulization with conventional nebulizers. The results of pulsed nebulization in @entity1 warrants further clinical studies.

title: Evaluation of pulsed and breath-synchronized nebulization of XXXX as a means of reducing nebulizer wastage of drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']