abstract: The authors describe the functional capabilities of in vivo induced neutrophils from a @entity1 with @entity2799 (French-American-British M3v) treated with differentiation therapy using @entity1968 (45 mg.m-2.day-1). The induced neutrophils from the leukemic clone appeared in the blood 7 days after therapy. Normal neutrophils, presumably derived from nonclonal normal hematopoiesis, appeared 15 days after the initiation of therapy. The induced neutrophils were separated from normal neutrophils by density gradient centrifugation. Their origin was established by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The induced neutrophils were morphologically atypical but stained for @entity3335 (Sudan black B) and AS-D @entity2863 esterase and were negative for @entity36434 esterase. Induced neutrophils were functionally mature, showing @entity2387 reduction in 72% of the cells compared with 84% in the normal neutrophil fraction. Both the rate and total killing of @entity794 (American Type Culture Collection Strain 25923) were normal in both neutrophil fractions. Random locomotion was equivalent and within the normal reference range in both fractions; however, using the under-agarose technique, induced neutrophils showed a minor chemotactic defect in response to both @entity5037 (score 292, normal 338-868) and complement-derived chemotactic factors (score 420, normal 457-1408). At autopsy, induced neutrophils infiltrated necrotic myocardial tissue, suggesting a normal response to inflammatory stimuli.

title: Functional characteristics of in vivo induced neutrophils after differentiation therapy of @entity2799 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity36434 :: ('MESH:C029204', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthyl butyrate']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2863 :: ('MESH:C006972', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and severity of @entity1 complaints typical of @entity936 and @entity30683 after excimer laser refractive surgery and to compare the incidence of these symptoms after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: Outpatient university practice. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 1731 @entity1 who had had primary myopic PRK or LASIK at least 6 months previously. Questions were designed to determine the incidence and @entity2194 and recurrent erosion symptoms and their impact on @entity1 satisfaction and willingness to have surgery again. Responses from PRK and LASIK @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: Responses from 231 PRK @entity1 and 550 LASIK @entity1 revealed an incidence of @entity1109 in 43% and 48%, respectively (P >.05). Soreness of the eye to touch was reported by 26.8% and 6.7%, respectively (P <.0001). Sharp @entity158 occurred in 20.4% of PRK @entity1 and 8.0% of LASIK @entity1 (P =.0001). Complaints of the eyelid sticking to the eyeball occurred in 14.7% and 5.6%, respectively (P =.0001). All symptoms occurred predominantly on waking. Frequency of eyelid sticking (P <.0005) and sharp @entity158 (P <.005) symptoms, as well as severity of sharp @entity158 symptoms (P <.0001), were significantly greater in PRK @entity1 than in LASIK @entity1 . On a scale of 0 to 10 (10 high), median overall @entity1 satisfaction with surgery was 9 in both groups. Soreness of the eyelid to touch occurred significantly more frequently among @entity1 with symptoms of sharp @entity158 on waking (P <.001) and the sensation of the eyelid sticking to the eyeball (P <.001). @entity1 with 1 or more symptoms were twice as likely as asymptomatic @entity1 to have a satisfaction score of less than 8 (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1109 occurred commonly after PRK and LASIK. Symptoms suggestive of mild recurrent erosions included sharp @entity158 , the sensation of the eyelid sticking to the eyeball, and soreness of the eyelid to touch, a previously unrecognized symptom of this condition. These symptoms occurred commonly after excimer laser procedures but were significantly more common, more severe, and more prolonged after PRK. The presence of these symptoms had a significant effect on @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Symptoms of XXXX and @entity30683 after refractive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['character of ocular dryness']

entities_list: @entity30683 :: ('MESH:C565155', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent erosion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular dryness symptoms', 'dryness symptoms']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of two dose schedules of the 5-HT3 antagonist @entity3974 ( @entity3974 ) were studied in 35 @entity1 (group A: 19 @entity1 , group B: 16 @entity1 ) previously refractory to standard antiemetics after non- @entity900 -based chemotherapy (greater than 5 emetic episodes). The maintenance of the antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 was further studied in 28 @entity1 (13 A, 15 B) in respectively 36 and 48 retreatment courses. @entity3974 was administered as an 8 mg loading dose (A: 4 mg i.v. + 4 mg orally; B: 8 mg i.v.), followed by oral treatment for 5 days (A: 6-hourly; B: 8 mg 8-hourly). In the first treatment cycle acute @entity391 was completely controlled in 53% of the @entity1 in group A and in 50% of the @entity1 in group B. Delayed @entity391 was absent in 75% and 38% of the @entity1 in group A and B respectively. In a second treatment cycle acute antiemetic control was achieved in 54% and 53% of the @entity1 in group A and B respectively. Over the third and fourth subsequent treatments, complete control occurred in 56% and 38% of the @entity1 in group A, and in 46% and 56% of the @entity1 in group B respectively. Delayed @entity391 did not occur over the following courses in 62%, 89% and 75% of the @entity1 on regimen A, in 57%, 60% and 63% of the @entity1 on regimen B. The observed adverse effects were @entity10 (37%) and @entity1142 (42%). No extrapyramidal reactions were seen. @entity3974 is able to re-establish an acceptable antiemetic control in previously refractory @entity1 on non- @entity900 -based chemotherapy, without major @entity137 . This efficacy is maintained over the three following retreatment courses.

title: The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist @entity3974 re-establishes control in refractory @entity391 induced by non- XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Zofran', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a highly invasive therapy for intractable @entity1576 , and serious complications may occur with increasing duration of bypass. Weaning from bypass is empirical at present. Thus, there is a need to accurately predict when @entity1 can be successfully decannulated. We hypothesized that pulmonary mechanics would reflect lung recovery and, therefore, predict successful weaning from ECMO. We measured pulmonary mechanics daily in 22 neonates, at gestational age of 37.8 +/- 0.6 weeks (SE) requiring ECMO for severe @entity1576 ( @entity26 index 66 +/- 6). Pulmonary resistance (Rpul), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and tidal volume (VT) were measured. Rpul did not predict lung recovery. Cdyn within 24 hours of starting ECMO was 0.3 +/- 0.04 ml/cm @entity2507 . Cdyn within 24 hours of weaning from ECMO was 1.2 +/- 0.09 ml/cm @entity2507 (p less than 0.001). All 22 @entity1 had Cdyn greater than 0.6 ml/cm @entity2507 at the time of decannulation, but four @entity1 (20 percent) with Cdyn less than 0.6 ml/cm @entity2507 could not be weaned from ECMO within 20 hours (p less than 0.01). Thus, a minimum Cdyn of 0.6 ml/cm @entity2507 is associated with successful weaning from ECMO. Cdyn of 0.8 ml/cm @entity2507 provided better overall discrimination between those who could be successfully weaned from ECMO. We conclude that serial measurement of dynamic pulmonary compliance predicts successful weaning from ECMO.

title: Serial measurement of pulmonary mechanics assists in weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'neonatal respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the alterations of the diverted @entity694 , evidenced in @entity1960 , would be able to alter Bacterial Translocation (BT). METHODS: Sixty-two @entity35 male @entity35 ranging from 220 to 320 grams of weight, were divided in two groups: A (Colostomy) and B (Control), with 31 animals each one. In group A, all animals underwent end colostomy, one stoma, in ascending colon; and in the 70th POD was injected in five @entity35 , by rectal route diverted segment - 2 ml of a 0.9% saline solution in animals (A1 subgroup); in eight it was inoculated, by rectal route, 2 ml of a solution containing @entity526 ATCC 25922 (American Type Culture Collection), in a concentration of 10(8) Colony Forming Unit for milliliters (CFU/ml) - A2 Subgroup; in ten animals the same solution of @entity526 was inoculated, in a concentration of 10(11) CFU/ml (A3 Subgroup); and in eight it was collected part of the mucus found in the diverted distal colonic segment for neutral @entity3363 and total proteins dosage (A4 subgroup). The animals from the group B underwent the same procedures of group A, but with differences in the colostomy confection. In @entity35 from subgroups A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3 2 ml of blood were aspirated from the heart, and fragments from mesenteric lymphatic nodule, liver, spleen, lung and kidney taken for microbiological analysis, after their death. This analysis consisted of evidencing the presence of @entity526 ATCC 25922 CFU. Mann-Whitney and ANOVA Tests were applied as analytic techniques for association of variables. RESULTS: The occurrence of BT was evidenced only in those animals in which inoculated concentration of @entity526 ATCC 25922, reached levels of 10(11)CFU/ml, i.e. in Subgroups A3 and B3, although, being significantly greater (80%) in those animals without colostomy (subgroup B3) when compared to the ones with colostomy (20%) from the subgroup A3 (P <0.05). Lung, liver and mesenteric lymphatic nodules were the tissues with larger percentile of bacterial recovery, so much in subgroup A3, as in B3. Blood culture was considered positive in 60% of the animals from subgroup B3 and in 10% of those from subgroup A3 (p <0.05). There was greater concentration of neutral @entity3363 , in subgroup A4 - mean 27.3mg/ml -, than in subgroup B4 - mean 8.4 mg/ml - (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The modifications in the architecture of intestinal mucosa in @entity1960 following fecal diversion can cause alterations in the intestinal barrier, but it does not necessarily lead to an increased frequency of BT.

title: Bacterial translocation in XXXX nonfunctioning diverted distal colon.

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'fecal colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon segment mucosa']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reexamine the conclusions of the 1991 National Institutes of Health Consensus Panel on Diagnosis and Treatment of @entity308 in Late Life in light of current scientific evidence. @entity1 : @entity1 included National Institutes of Health staff and experts drawn from the Planning Committee and presenters of the 1991 Consensus Development Conference. EVIDENCE: @entity1 summarized relevant data from the world scientific literature on the original questions posed for the conference. PROCESS: @entity1 reviewed the original consensus statement and identified areas for update. The list of issues was circulated to all @entity1 and amended to reflect group agreement. Selected @entity1 prepared first drafts of the consensus update for each issue. All drafts were read by all @entity1 and were amended and edited to reflect group consensus. CONCLUSIONS: The review concluded that, although the initial consensus statement still holds, there is important new information in a number of areas. These areas include the onset and course of late-life @entity308 ; comorbidity and disability; sex and hormonal issues; newer medications, psychotherapies, and approaches to long-term treatment; impact of @entity308 on health services and health care resource use; late-life @entity308 as a risk factor for suicide; and the importance of the heterogeneous forms of @entity308 . @entity308 in older @entity1 remains a significant public health problem. The burden of unrecognized or inadequately treated @entity308 is substantial. Efficacious treatments are available. @entity146 approaches to recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are warranted to minimize suffering, improve overall functioning and quality of life, and limit inappropriate use of health care resources.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in late life. Consensus statement update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ampulla of @entity5 are rare but usually resectable. There is debate as to the better surgical approach between the standard radical procedure, which provides adequate resection margins, and local resection, which may carry a lower mortality. This study reports the 16-year experience of a specialist unit with these @entity5 , and compares our results with that of recently published series. METHOD: A retrospective review of @entity1 admitted with an @entity5 to the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, between January 1981 and April 1997. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) of median age 65 years were admitted with an @entity5 to the unit during this period. The most common presentation was @entity3883 . Multiple endoscopic biopsy was found to be very reliable in distinguishing between benign and @entity5 . Five @entity1 , all male, had benign neoplasms: three @entity652 , one @entity4303 and one @entity1823 . Transduodenal local excision was performed in four @entity1 . One @entity1 had a Whipple procedure resulting in the only in-hospital death at 3 months. Twenty @entity1 had @entity420 , of which 13 @entity1 had a pancreaticoduodenectomy, two local excisions, two palliative bypasses, two were unfit for surgery and one declined surgery. The resectability rate was 88%, with no operative mortalities. The 5-year actuarial survival of @entity1 who underwent radical resection was 49%. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal pancreaticoduodenectomy, preferably a pylorus-preserving procedure, is safe and effective in the treatment of @entity189 , with low operative mortality and good long-term survival. Local resection is only recommended for small @entity5 and for @entity1 who may be unfit for radical surgery.

title: Good outcome from surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'Vater tumours', 'benign tumours', 'ampullary tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytic paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ampullary tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% to 50% of @entity1 with @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) have functional IgG autoantibodies against FcepsilonRIalpha or IgE, which induce @entity112 release from basophils and cutaneous mast cells. A positive autologous serum skin test response is believed to reflect the presence of these autoantibodies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to further define the functional properties of and develop a sensitive functional assay for detection of autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity14687 . METHODS: Sera from @entity1 with @entity14687 (n=61) and sera from healthy control subjects (n=23) were incubated with donor basophils. Activation of basophils was determined on the basis of @entity5775 surface expression, as analyzed on a FACScan flow cytometer. RESULTS: A positive basophil activation test result was found in 51% of @entity1 with @entity14687 , and basophil-activating properties were present in the IgG fractions of sera. When both the in vitro test and the autologous serum skin test were considered, basophil/mast cell-activating autoantibodies were present in 62% of the @entity1 . @entity1 with a positive basophil activation test result had a significantly higher prevalence of other autoantibodies, had more severe @entity110 , and were more likely to have @entity113 . CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the presence of basophil-activating autoantibodies in about 50% of @entity1 with @entity14687 . The data support the autoimmune cause of the disease and provide a simple test for detection of these autoantibodies.

title: Detection of basophil-activating IgG autoantibodies in XXXX by induction of @entity5775 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity14687 :: (MESH:D007566,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our experience in managing @entity5 in undescended testes (UDT) in the last 15  years at our institute, in an attempt to understand the @entity5 behavior and the optimum approach to management in these @entity1 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all @entity1 with @entity5 in UDT who had registered and undergone treatment at our institute in the last 15  years. The available records of 50 of these @entity1 were reviewed with respect to the presentation, pathologic type, treatment schedule followed, and the survival and recurrence statistics. RESULTS: There were 23 @entity1 with @entity10711 and 27 with @entity10711 . The median follow-up was 21  months (range, 4-180). The 5-year recurrence-free survival was 77.5% in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy first and 59.5% in @entity1 being operated first. There were 4  disease-related @entity204 in our @entity1 . The 5-year overall survival estimates were 100% for stage I disease, 93.75% for @entity34 , and 76.10% for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 with UDT still presented at a higher stage, that is, stage II or @entity5 . @entity1 receiving chemotherapy first had lesser recurrences than those being operated first. Overall survival was dependent on the stage at presentation and comparable with the rates commonly seen for germ cell @entity5 in the normally descended testes.

title: Outcome analysis of XXXX in undescended testes--a single center experience of 15 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['seminomatous', 'nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The aim of the study was evaluation, whether cord blood @entity2690 (Ic) and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) levels differ in accordance with mode of delivery: cesarean section (CS) or @entity365 ( @entity365 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in the @entity6 group consisted of 148 @entity6 ( @entity6 )--90 of them with GDM and 58 with @entity1723 as well as in the control group consisted of 100 newborns born to healthy mothers. 52.0% of @entity6 and 38.0% control subjects were delivered by cesarean section. The most frequent reason for performing CS in the @entity6 group was fetal distress before labor and in the control group--fetal distress during labor. Cord blood Ic and @entity1307 levels were compared in accordance with type of delivery: CS or @entity365 . Into statistical analysis Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS: There were found that cord blood Ic and @entity1307 levels in @entity6 born by CS are significantly higher than in those born by @entity365 (Ic--38.2 +/- 41.5 versus 26.6 +/- 38.6 mIU/ml adequately and @entity1307 --51.8 +/- 76.0 versus 26.8 +/- 29.9 mU/ml adequately). There were no such differences in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity2241 in perinatal period is often connected with occurrence of indications for performing cesarean section in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 . 2. Cesarean section in @entity6 pregnant @entity1 is often connected with previous @entity7396 .

title: [Cord blood XXXX and @entity1307 levels in relation to the mode of delivery].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['NDM', 'newborns of diabetic mothers', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal delivery', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of preclinical studies have shown that @entity470 immunoliposomes have substantial antitumour effects. We aimed to assess the tolerability, safety, pharmokinetics, and efficacy of anti- @entity470 immunoliposomes loaded with @entity632 (anti- @entity470 ILs-dox) in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . METHODS: In this first-in- @entity1 , open-label, phase 1 clinical study, we enrolled @entity1 at University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, who had @entity470 -overexpressing advanced solid @entity5 no longer amenable to standard treatment. Anti- @entity470 ILs-dox nanoparticles were constructed by covalently linking pegylated liposomes containing @entity632 to antigen-binding fragments (Fab') of cetuximab. We intravenously infused the nanoparticle at escalating doses ( @entity632 5 mg/m(2), 10 mg/m(2), 20 mg/m(2), 30 mg/m(2), 40 mg/m(2), 50 mg/m(2), and 60 mg/m(2)) once every 4 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. The primary endpoint was to establish the maximum tolerated dose. We analysed @entity1 who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01702129. FINDINGS: Between Jan 30, 2007, and March 4, 2010, we gave the drug to 29 @entity1 , three of whom were withdrawn from the study because we could not complete a safety assessment. Of the 26 @entity1 assessed for the primary endpoint, two who received a dose of 60 mg/m(2) had dose-limiting @entity137 (one had @entity1398 and the other had @entity417 ); therefore, the maximum tolerated dose was defined as 50 mg/m(2). At all lower doses, anti- @entity470 ILs-dox was well tolerated; grade 1 @entity137 occurred in two @entity1 only. We recorded 22 serious adverse events (SAEs) in 17 @entity1 , mostly due to @entity5 progression. Three SAEs were fatal. Only three SAEs ( @entity1398 , @entity295 , and a fatal massive @entity548 ) were probably or possibly related to study drug. No @entity1 had @entity5515 , @entity1665 , @entity1370 , or cumulative @entity137 . Best response to treatment included one complete response, one partial response, and ten stable disease lasting 2-12 months (median 5  75 months). INTERPRETATION: Because anti- @entity470 ILs-dox was well tolerated up to 50 mg @entity632 per m(2), and we recorded clinical activity, further assessment of this nanoparticle at this dose in phase 2 trials is warranted. FUNDING: Cancer League Basel, Swiss Cancer League, Schoenmakers-M  ller Foundation, and Werner Geissberger Foundation.

title: Tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of @entity632 -loaded anti- XXXX immunoliposomes in advanced solid @entity5 : a phase 1 dose-escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['oral bleed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: Two cases of @entity5925 with @entity177 followed by hypercalcaemia are reported. Both had major hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia, requiring haemodialysis. Hypercalcaemia developed during the diuretic phase, when renal function was still abnormal, and before @entity1391 blood levels had returned to normal. Soft tissue calcifications occurred in one of the @entity1 . The pathogenesis and treatment of this condition are discussed. Increased levels of serum @entity3873 may play an important role in the genesis of hypercalcaemia, which may last for several months. Giving @entity460 salts and or @entity560 to these @entity1 during the hypocalcaemic phase is dangerous, and should be avoided. The usual treatment for hypercalcaemia my remain ineffective. @entity18377 can lower the serum @entity460 concentration but the new @entity171 ( @entity10210 ) are very effective in the treatment of this hypercalcaemia. However, in serious or urgent cases, hypocalcaemic haemodialysis may be required, with the simultaneous administration of @entity175 and @entity171 .

title: [Severe hypercalcemia after XXXX and acute renal failure].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity18377 :: ('MESH:D008926', 'Chemical') :: ['Mithramycin']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium etidronate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) aggravates many generalized @entity410 types, particularly @entity2048 , but the mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood. @entity1246 signaling within the reticular nucleus (Rt) and the ventrobasal complex (VB) of the thalamus is critical to the neurophysiology of @entity2048 . The hypothesis that @entity2050 aggravates @entity2048 by acting at the VB thalamus via a @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated mechanism was investigated in a genetic @entity35 model, generalized @entity2048 @entity35 from Strasbourg (GAERS). @entity410 activity was quantified by a 90-min electroencephalogram recording postdrug injection. Intracerebroventricular injections of @entity2050 (15 microg in 4 microl) resulted in @entity410 aggravation versus vehicle treatment, with a mean increase in @entity410 time of 40%. This indicates that @entity2050 acts directly, rather than via a metabolite, on the brain to aggravate @entity410 . @entity410 aggravation also occurred following bilateral microinjection of @entity2050 (0.75 microg in 0.2 microl) into the VB (53%) but not following injection into the Rt (-9%). However, @entity410 aggravation was blocked when the @entity1246 (A) receptor antagonist, @entity1027 ( @entity11899 , 0.04 microg in 0.2 microl), was coinjected with @entity2050 into the VB. Injection of @entity11899 alone (versus vehicle) into the VB also blocked @entity410 aggravation following systemic administration of @entity2050 (15 mg/kg i.p.). In vitro studies in @entity1238 oocytes expressing recombinant @entity1246 (A) receptors demonstrated that @entity2050 produced a dose-dependent potentiation of the @entity1246 current at a physiological relevant concentration range (1-100 microM). These data demonstrate that @entity2050 acts at the VB thalamus to aggravate @entity2048 in GAERS and that activation of @entity1246 (A) receptors is critical to this effect.

title: The mechanism of XXXX aggravation of @entity2048 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: Pigmentation of the skin is of great social, clinical and cosmetic significance. Several genes that, when mutated, give rise to altered coat color in @entity19 have been identified; their analysis has provided some insight into melanogenesis and @entity1 @entity2118 . Such analyses do not, however, fully inform on the pigmentation of lower vertebrates because mammals have only one kind of chromatophore, the melanocyte. In contrast, the @entity7021 (a small, freshwater teleost) is a suitable model of the lower vertebrates because it has all kinds of chromatophores. The basic molecular genetics of fish are known and approximately 70 spontaneous pigmentation mutants have been isolated. One of these, an orange-red variant, is a homozygote of a well-known and common allele, b, and has been bred for hundreds of years by the Japanese. Here, we report the first successful positional cloning of a @entity7021 gene ( @entity56550 ): one that encodes a transporter that mediates melanin synthesis. The protein is predicted to consist of 12 transmembrane domains and is 55% identical to a @entity1 EST of unknown function isolated from melanocytes and @entity320 cells. We also isolated a highly homologous gene from the @entity19 , indicating a conserved function of vertebrate melanogenesis. Intriguingly, these proteins have sequence and structural similarities to plant @entity969 transporters, suggesting a relevance of @entity969 in melanin synthesis. Analysis of @entity56550 orthologs should provide new insights into the regulation of melanogenesis in both teleosts and mammals.

title: Mutations in the gene encoding B, a novel transporter protein, reduce melanin content in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation diseases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: The development of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) in subjects with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is variable, suggesting a role for modifying factors such as @entity2178 . We investigated whether the @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) @entity7744 polymorphism, the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, and/or plasma @entity916 influence @entity4346 in @entity1121 . Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and interventricular septal thickness were determined by 2-dimensional echocardiography in 104 genetically independent subjects with @entity1121 . Extent of @entity1184 was quantified by a point score (Wigle score). Plasma prorenin, @entity916 , and @entity1289 were measured by immunoradiometric or fluorometric assays, and @entity1289 and @entity7743 genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reactions. The @entity1289 D allele did not affect any of the measured parameters except plasma @entity1289 (P<0.04). LVMI was higher (P<0.05) in @entity1 carrying the @entity7743 C allele (190+/-8.3 g/m2) than in AA homozygotes (168+/-7.2 g/m2), and similar patterns were observed for interventricular septal thickness (23.0+/-0.7 versus 21. 6+/-0.7 mm) and Wigle score (7.0+/-0.3 versus 6.3+/-0.3). Plasma @entity916 was higher (P=0.05) in carriers of the C allele than in AA homozygotes. Multivariate regression analysis, however, revealed no independent role for @entity916 in the prediction of LVMI. Plasma prorenin and @entity1289 were not affected by the @entity7743 @entity7744 polymorphism, nor did the @entity1289 and @entity7743 polymorphisms interact with regard to any of the measured parameters. We conclude that the @entity7743 C1166 allele modulates the phenotypic expression of @entity1184 in @entity1121 , independently of plasma @entity916 and the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism.

title: AT1 receptor @entity7744 polymorphism contributes to cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['AT1-R', 'angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 prevention in childhood and adolescence represent a priority for public health; school is a privileged place for health promotion interventions. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to test the effectiveness of a multicomponent 5-month intervention on the habits of primary school @entity1 , making the families aware of the importance of healthy choices. METHODS: Two hundred nine @entity1 attending the fourth class of primary school, divided into interventional (n   =   103) and control arm (n   =   106) were included in the study. In the intervention group, parents and teachers received more intense lifestyle counseling, associated with weekly motivational telephone calls to families to motivate further their lifestyle changes. Standard deviation score (SDS) body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome measure; on open-air games and TV watching were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: At baseline, no differences were observed between groups. At 8-month follow-up, mean SDS BMI had decreased by 0.06 units in the intervention arm and increased by 0.12 in controls (time       treatment anova, P   <   0.002). Outdoor activities increased from 6.23   h week(-1) to 9.93 in the intervention group (P   <   0.001), not in controls. This change was associated differences in TV watching from baseline (intervention, -0.96   h week(-1); P   =   0.037; controls, +1.33   h week(-1); P   =   0.031). CONCLUSION: A multicomponent school-based intervention addressing the needs of @entity1 , teachers and families produced a significant and favourable short-term effect on overweight/ @entity28 schoolchildren.

title: A controlled, class-based multicomponent intervention to promote healthy lifestyle and to reduce the burden of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: The available information favours a greater impact of environmental exposures on @entity356 , and risk factors for the @entity418 and @entity5 also appear to be different. We aimed to estimate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and @entity356 , by location and histological type. We performed a population-based case-control study and a meta-analysis of studies addressing this issue. Incident cases (n=305) were identified in two large teaching hospitals (Porto, Portugal), and controls were randomly sampled among city dwellers (n=1129). Published studies were searched through PubMed, and effects were combined with random effects meta-analysis. In our case-control study, the odds ratio (OR) for the comparison of the highest vs. lowest tertile of fruit consumption was 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-1.05] for @entity418 , 0.53 (95% CI: 0.35-0.80) for @entity5 , 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20-0.62) for intestinal, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.53-1.90) for the diffuse histological type. For vegetables, the corresponding OR was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.26-1.35), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.58-1.26), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.57-1.57), and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.32-1.14). In meta-analysis, considering fruit consumption (highest vs. lowest category), the combined OR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38-0.89) for @entity418 , 0.61 (95% CI: 0.44-0.84) for @entity3257 , 0.49 (95% CI: 0.33-0.72) for intestinal type, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.57-1.20) for diffuse type. Vegetables also decreased the risk of @entity418 (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.79), @entity3257 (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95), intestinal (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.44-0.86), and diffuse type (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.44-1.01). Fruit or vegetable intake was associated with a decreased risk of @entity356 regardless of the anatomical location and the histological type, although dietary intake had a more clear-cut protective effect on @entity5 .

title: Fruit and vegetable consumption and XXXX by location and histological type: case-control and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardia cancer', 'distal stomach cancers', 'intestinal type cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal type gastric cancer', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The growing popularity of day-case surgery derives mainly from its twin benefits of convenience and cost-effectiveness. It is particularly useful in treating @entity169 which remains one of the most common presenting surgical problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of inguinal herniotomy or herniorrhaphy done as a day-case. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 72 cases of @entity169 treated by day-case herniotomy or herniorrhaphy at Havana Specialist Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between July 2002 and June 2004. Post-operative follow up ranged from 2 to 4 years. @entity1 with concurrent @entity262 that needed admission as well as those who preferred admission were excluded. Data including age, gender, @entity547 characteristics, type of anaesthesia, complications and outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 72 cases were studied. Only 4 were females, the remaining 68 were males. Ages 6 months to 60 years were affected with a mean age of 26.7 years and a peak incidence in the 21-30 years age group. The commonest complication was @entity158 felt post-operatively by 62.5% of the study population. However, wound @entity281 (seen in 11.2%) was the most significant complication. Other complications were wound and @entity8145 (8.3%), hemia recurrence (1.4%) and @entity2805 (1.4%). No mortality was recorded. CONCLUSION: The study showed that post-operative @entity158 is the commonest complication of day-case inguinal hemiotomy and herniorrhaphy. @entity2737 was however the most common significant complication. The overall outcome was good.

title: Day-case surgery for XXXX : a multi-specialist private hospital experience in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8145 :: ('MESH:D014063', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal haematoma']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2816 has been shown to have antiangiogenic effects in preclinical models as well as a significant antitumor effect in @entity5 such as @entity1582 . The authors performed this Phase II study to determine the activity, @entity137 profile, and antiangiogenic effect of @entity2816 in @entity1 with locoregionally recurrent or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with single-agent @entity2816 . All @entity1 had received radiation therapy, and most had undergone surgery (95%) and/or chemotherapy (90%). @entity2816 was initiated at 200 mg;3>daily and increased to a target dose of 1000 mg daily. @entity1 continued treatment until disease progression, unacceptable @entity137 , or @entity204 occurred. RESULTS: All 21 @entity1 eventually developed @entity74 . Median time to progression was 50 days (95% confidence interval, 28-70), with median overall survival time of 194 days (95% lower confidence boundary, 151), similar to the progression and survival times reported for this @entity1 group with other agents. @entity2816 was generally well tolerated, with few @entity1 experiencing Grades 3 to 4 @entity137 . Serum @entity7 and basic fibroblast growth factor levels increased in six of seven @entity1 , for whom paired serum samples were available and all of whom had @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: In this heavily pretreated population of @entity1 with advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 , @entity2816 does not appear to have single-agent antitumor activity. Further evaluation of the mechanism of action of @entity2816 is indicated. Potentially, future evaluations of @entity2816 may be performed in combination with other antiangiogenic or cytotoxic agents in @entity1 with earlier stage disease or in @entity1 with @entity41 .

title: Phase II study of the antiangiogenesis agent @entity2816 in recurrent or metastatic XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Mutation analysis for autosomal dominant @entity5344 genes ( @entity5345 / @entity2674 ) became an important technique for @entity1 at risk of carrying these mutations. Healthy female mutation carriers have a high lifetime risk for @entity5344 and may opt for frequent breast and ovary surveillance or prophylactic surgery (mastectomy and/or oophorectomy). Psychological distress was assessed in 78 healthy @entity1 at risk of having inherited a @entity5345 / @entity2674 mutation opting for genetic testing and 56 partners several weeks prior to ("pre-test") and after ("post-test") learning about their DNA test result. Twenty-five @entity1 were found to be mutation carriers, and 53 were non-mutation carriers. One goal of the study was to identify individuals at risk for high distress in the weeks following disclosure of the test result. Interview transcripts were used to give a fuller picture of pre- and post-test distress. High post-test @entity148 was reported by 20% of the mutation carrier @entity1 and by 35% of their partners. Eleven percent of @entity1 without the mutation and 13% of their partners reported high post-test @entity148 levels. High post-test @entity148 in @entity1 was significantly related to 1) a high level of pre-test @entity148 and 2) being a mutation carrier. @entity1 without a mutation who had a sister identified as a mutation carrier recently had higher post-test levels of @entity308 than the other non-mutation carriers. It is suggested to consider seriously the need for psychological support in mutation carriers who had been anxious at pre-test already. For most non-mutation carriers, psychological follow-up might be of lesser importance, but those having a sister receiving an unfavorable test result should be informed about the possibility that they might not feel relief.

title: Psychological impact of receiving a @entity5345 / XXXX test result.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'hereditary breast/ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity5934 ( @entity5934 ), hard palate thickening, @entity360 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity1143 . The @entity1 responded well to emergent @entity5934 treatment with high-dose @entity230 and intravenous immunoglobulin. Investigation revealed @entity706 ( @entity706 ) as well as @entity2783 in the hard palate, lymph nodes, and pericardium. Considering his age, non-myelosuppressive agents were administered, with the exception of dose-reduced @entity786 . The @entity1 developed @entity221 , @entity955 and subsequently died. This report describes the first @entity706 @entity1 with @entity5934 . @entity706 is generally an indolent disease. However, as in our @entity1 , it can be life threatening because of its complications. @entity5934 contributed to his @entity360 , severe @entity417 , and thus @entity583 at the time of presentation. Probable @entity299 played a role in the latter phase (i.e. @entity943 and @entity551 during @entity295 ). Although rare, the presence of @entity5934 and @entity2783 should be investigated diligently in elderly @entity706 @entity1 . Instead of aggressive myelosuppressive chemotherapy agents, targeted therapies might be considered in these fragile @entity1 .

title: @entity2783 , XXXX and management options of @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['LPL', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans syndrome', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage', 'GI hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5934 :: (MESH:C536380,Disease) :: ['Evans syndrome']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) induces a K+ current in @entity95 cardiac Purkinje fibres. The question was studied whether @entity1617 produces this effect by modifying the properties of K+ channels pre-existing in the absence of the neurotransmitter or whether it induces the formation of a different type of K+ channels. The relaxation properties of the @entity1617 -induced current and its blockade by Cs+ and @entity8594 have been investigated using voltage clamp. During hyperpolarizing or depolarizing voltage pulses of moderate amplitude, the @entity1617 -induced current is time independent. For large voltage pulses, time-dependent changes of the @entity1617 -induced current are observed. These latter changes can be explained by intracellular K+ accumulation/depletion phenomena or by the effects of @entity1617 on time-dependent currents (e.g. the late outward current, ix). Cs+ and @entity8594 block the @entity1617 -induced current. The block produced by 20 mM-Cs+ is instantaneous and increases with hyperpolarization, i.e. it is voltage dependent. The block produced by @entity8594 at high concentrations (greater than 1 mM) is also instantaneous but complete at all potentials studied, and thus voltage independent. At these concentrations, either ion also blocks the background inward rectifier (iK1) current in a similar way. Low [ @entity8594 ] (less than 0.1 mM) cause a block of the @entity1617 -induced current which is instantaneous and little voltage dependent. The block of iK1 in contrast is time and voltage dependent for the same concentrations. These results indicate that the @entity1617 -induced K+ current is different from the background iK1 current.

title: Characterization of the @entity934 -induced potassium current in XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibres.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The feed intake pattern and growth performance of boars, barrows, and gilts fed diets differing in @entity376 and protein content were measured on 120 crossbred @entity1707 from 27 (SD 3.7) to 81.5 (SD 9.2) kg live weight. The @entity1707 were housed in eight mixed-sex groups with five @entity1707 of each sex in each group. They were fed from an electronic feed station that recorded individual meal sizes and the time and duration of visits to the feeder for each animal in the group. Four dietary treatments were compared. During the grower period (27 to 55 kg), diets ranged in @entity376 content form .98 to 1.31%; for the remainder of the study, @entity376 content was .88 to 1.18%. Barrows had a greater (P < .01) number of meals per day than the other two sexes (7.4 vs 7.0 vs 7.0 +/- .10, respectively), but there were no significant differences among sexes for daily feed intake or other feed intake traits. Daily feed intake increased with dietary @entity376 content, largely because of increased meal sizes resulting from longer feeder occupation times at each visit. Visits to the feeder were greatest between 0900 and 1100 and lowest between 2000 and 0400. Correlations between feeding pattern and growth traits were relatively low. Repeatabilities of feeding pattern traits were generally higher when measured over shorter time periods. These results suggest a change in feeding behavior with increasing dietary @entity376 levels and a relatively small effect of sex on feeding pattern for mixed-sex groups of 15 @entity1707 fed from a single electronic feed station.

title: Feed intake pattern of group-housed growing-finishing XXXX monitored using a computerized feed intake recording system.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Therapeutic endoscopy with isotonic saline- @entity1425 (ISE) injection is a convenient and widely used procedure for hemostasis in @entity360 . We retrospectively evaluated 36 @entity1 (from January 1996 to April 1999) who had been diagnosed with recent or active @entity548 due to @entity11247 in emergency endoscopic examination. The endoscopic hemostatic method with ISE injection was performed in 15 of 36 @entity1 . The other 21 @entity1 received conservative treatment with hemodynamic support. @entity1 's clinical data, laboratory data, transfusion requirements, endoscopic findings, and length of hospital stays were evaluated. Initial hemoglobin was significantly lower in the ISE group than the conservative treatment group (9.74 +/- 2.86 g/dL vs. 12.57 +/- 2.80 g/dL, respectively; p < 0.01). Mean transfusion requirements were significantly higher in the ISE group than the conservative treatment group (7.26 +/- 8.78 units vs. 2.85 +/- 6.21 units, respectively; p < 0.1). @entity1 in the ISE group were supposed to be having a more severe @entity548 episode. Most @entity1 achieved initial hemostasis in the ISE group and the conservative treatment group (93% and 95%, respectively). The rebleeding rate was also similar in both groups (1 in 15 in the ISE group and I in 21 in the conservative treatment group). There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay and rebleeding between these two groups (3.47 +/- 1.92 days vs. 2.47 +/- 1.47 days, respectively: p = 0.89). The endoscopic ISE injection is an inexpensive, simple, convenient therapeutic method and it can achieve initial hemostasis for active @entity11247 .

title: Efficacy of endoscopic isotonic saline-epinephrine injection for the management of active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity11247 :: ('MESH:D008309', 'Disease') :: ['Mallory-Weiss tears']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity11247 :: (MESH:D008309,Disease) :: ['Mallory-Weiss tears']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct the prokaryotic recombinant expression plasmids of @entity3204 GRA8 and analyze their expression in @entity526 containing the prokaryotic recombinant plasmids. METHODS: The full gene and its truncated fragment of GRA8 were amplified by PCR from @entity3204 genomic DNA, and cloned into pMD18-T vector. The right genes in positive clones sequenced with ABI PRISMTM 377XL DNA Sequencer were digested with restrictive endonucleases and subcloned into pGEX-4T-2. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into @entity526 JM109. The recombinant clones were characterized by PCR and digested with restriction endonucleases. Positive clones were induced with IPTG to express target protein and characterized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein was purified from @entity526 lysate by affinity chromatography and @entity214 -PAGE. The immunological activity of this protein was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The gene fragments encoding GRA8 were amplified by PCR from @entity3204 genomic DNA. The inserts of GRA8 in positive clones were coincident with the original sequence of GRA8 gene from GenBank. The recombinant expression plasmids were constructed through subcloning the right inserts of GRA8 into pGEX-4T-2. The expression level of GRA8 from the recombinant expression plasmids in @entity526 was low, and there was almost no full-length GRA8 expressed in @entity526 . The purified protein reacted with the sera from @entity95 infected with @entity27774 . CONCLUSION: The expression level of GRA8 from the recombinant expression plasmids in @entity526 is low and the purified truncated GRA8 shows certain antigenicity.

title: [Expression of truncated XXXX GRA8 in the prokaryotic expression plasmids].

entities_list: @entity27774 :: ('383379', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii RH strain']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plantar warts are common and often @entity158 . Treatment of @entity4891 is difficult and requires multiple treatments. Several clinical trials have proven the efficacy of @entity1732 , but relatively high concentrations have been required and considerable side effects have been experienced. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentration (0.1 U/mL) @entity1732 using a translesional injection technique for the treatment of @entity4891 . METHODS: The study included 23 @entity1 with single or @entity4891 . Very low-concentration @entity1732 was injected into a single wart or the largest plantar wart in the case of @entity75 . Injections were performed at 4-week intervals until resolution of the warts or development of side effects. The translesional multipuncture technique was used. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were male (56.5%), and the mean age was 27.7 years. The results revealed complete clearance of warts in 17 of 23 (74%) @entity1 , partial response in 1 (4.3%) @entity1 , and no response in 3 (13%) @entity1 . Recurrence was observed in 2 @entity1 at 3 months of follow-up. Among those two, one @entity1 showed complete clearance after the second injection at 6 months of follow-up. All @entity1 were followed for 6 months after the initial treatment. No significant long-term adverse effects were noted. Only three @entity1 (13%) had localized moderate @entity158 for 2 to 3 days after the injection. CONCLUSION: Translesional injection by very low-concentration (0.1 U/mL) @entity1732 appears to be a simple, effective, and safe treatment modality for @entity4891 .

title: Successful treatment of XXXX with very diluted @entity1732 using a translesional multipuncture technique: pilot prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['plantar warts', 'multiple plantar warts']

answer: @entity4891 :: (MESH:D014860,Disease) :: ['plantar warts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The performance of cytologic screening and its correlation with histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of @entity1082 ) DNA have not been evaluated in populations with a low prevalence of @entity5436 (AIN). The objective of the current study was to analyze the significance of abnormal smears relative to the histology and PCR detection of HPV DNA. METHODS: A cytologic smear and a viral sample were taken in 300 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery (Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy and/or fissurectomy) who gave their informed consent. RESULTS: The cytologic smear was normal in 216 of 290 @entity1 (74.5%). Four high-grade and 19 low-grade intraepithelial @entity1313 were identified. In 5 @entity1 , high-grade lesions could not be excluded, 30 lesions were of undetermined significance, and there were 16 cellular modifications with a non-neoplastic appearance. The PCR test for HPV was positive in 18.7% of @entity1 , and a high-risk genotype was identified in 63.6% of positive samples. Histologic examination of the surgical samples was normal in 92.3% of @entity1 . The 23 AIN samples were distributed as follows: 13 grade 1 AIN (AIN1), 6 AIN2, and 4 AIN3. The sensitivity of cytologic smears and PCR for detecting AIN was 56% and 60.8%, respectively, and specificity was 77% and 84.5%, respectively. Combining the 2 tests increased sensitivity to 78% but decreased specificity to 68%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a large surgical sample, anal cytologic Papanicolaou smears and HPV PCR exhibited sensitivity and specificity that varied, depending on the risk of @entity1083 and AIN. Positive HPV DNA screening increased with AIN grade, and high-risk HPV testing was particularly helpful.

title: Value of cytologic Papanicolaou smears and polymerase chain reaction screening for XXXX DNA in detecting @entity5436 : comparison with histology of a surgical sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['anal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine, in @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ), whether there is a relationship: (1) between sympathetic nerve firing rate and spectral indices of sympathetic neural heart rate modulation; and (2) between heart rate variability (HRV) and right atrial pressure, a stimulus to sinoatrial node stretch. DESIGN: Characterisation of @entity1 and healthy controls. SETTING: Teaching hospital-based study. @entity1 : 9 @entity120 @entity1 without elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and nine age-matched control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Heart rate (HR) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded during 10 min of supine rest in both @entity120 @entity1 studied after right heart catheterisation, and healthy volunteers. Coarse-graining spectral analysis determined HR spectral power. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Low-frequency (PL) spectral component of HRV; (2) MSNA burst frequency; and in @entity120 @entity1 : (3) right atrial pressure. RESULTS: MSNA burst frequency was higher in @entity120 @entity1 (48 (24) and 29 (11) bursts/min, respectively; mean (SD); p = 0.05), whereas total power (p = 0.01), its fractal (p<0.01) and harmonic (p = 0.04) components, and PL (p = 0.01) were all reduced. PL related inversely to both MSNA burst frequency (r = -0.86, p = 0.005) and right atrial systolic pressure (r = -0.77, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, in @entity120 (as in @entity1 with @entity1002 ) loss of PL relates inversely to gain in MSNA burst frequency. Diminished sympathetic neural heart rate modulation and increased right atrial stretch may combine to attenuate HRV, an adverse prognostic marker.

title: Discordance between microneurographic and heart-rate spectral indices of sympathetic activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: Six lighthorse stallions with previous sexual experience were used to determine the short-term effects of sexual stimulation (SS; 5 min exposure to an estrous mare), @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ), and no stimulation (control) on serum concentrations of LH, FSH, @entity251 , @entity701 and @entity4090 . Stallions received one treatment per day on d 1, 4 and 7. Treatments were assigned such that each stallion 1) received each treatment once and 2) experienced a unique sequence of treatments. Neither SS nor @entity2754 had any consistent effects on LH or FSH concentrations. @entity251 concentrations during control bleedings increased (P less than .05) with time. This increase was suppressed (P less than .05) by both SS and @entity2754 . @entity701 concentrations increased (P less than .05) immediately after SS and @entity2754 . @entity701 concentrations also tended to increase during the control bleedings, but only in stallions that previously had been exposed to SS or @entity2754 . @entity4090 concentrations increased (P less than .05) immediately after SS and @entity2754 and tended to rise during control bleedings in stallions previously exposed to SS or @entity2754 . We conclude that 1) @entity4090 and @entity701 were secreted rapidly in response to SS and @entity2754 , 2) the rise in @entity701 concentrations likely suppressed @entity251 secretion within the next hour, and 3) stallions appeared to associate the distant sounds of other stallions with their own previous exposure to SS and @entity2754 , resulting in a @entity701 response (and perhaps a @entity4090 response) even in the absence of direct stimulation.

title: Effects of sexual stimulation, with and without ejaculation, on serum concentrations of LH, FSH, @entity251 , @entity701 and XXXX in stallions.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['SSE', 'SS plus ejaculation']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a commonly used procedure for the treatment of painful @entity174 induced by @entity170 or @entity3 . It is generally considered to be safe and effective. However, infectious complications can be serious. We present a @entity1 in whom @entity1511 developed 3 months after vertebroplasty. During the debridement, profuse @entity548 was encountered from injury to the aorta and the @entity1 was managed with primary closure. Two months after the initial surgery, an @entity449 was detected. A wide resection of all infected tissue, including the @entity75 and @entity449 was performed, and the descending thoracic aorta was replaced with a vascular graft. A @entity702 mesh cage filled with bone graft was employed for anterior reconstruction. Our @entity1 illustrates that a life-threatening @entity449 can indeed occur as an infectious complication of this minimally invasive procedure due to the proximity of the aorta to the thoracolumbar vertebra. The spine surgeon should be aware of the possibility of aortic wall erosion caused by long-standing spondylitis, and be prepared to manage an inadvertent injury to the aorta during surgical debridement.

title: @entity449 complicated with XXXX following vertebroplasty.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesion']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']


abstract: @entity74 is a rare @entity74 with a poor relationship between FVII coagulant activity and @entity548 tendency. Both clinical expression and mutational spectrum are highly variable. We have screened for mutations the FVII gene of 37 unrelated @entity1 with a FVII coagulant activity less than 5% of normal pooled plasmas. The nine exons with boundaries and the 5' flanking region of the FVII gene were explored using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct DNA sequencing. This strategy allowed us to characterise 68 out of the 74 predicted FVII mutated alleles. They corresponded to a large panel of 40 different mutations. Among these, 18 were not already reported. Genotypes of the severely affected @entity1 comprised, on both alleles, deleterious mutations which appeared to be related to a total absence of activated FVII. We suggest that this absence of functional FVII can explain the severe clinical expression. Whether a small release of FVII is sufficient to initiate the coagulation cascade and to prevent the expression of a severe phenotype, requires further investigations.

title: Analysis of the genotypes and phenotypes of 37 unrelated XXXX with inherited factor VII deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder', 'Severe inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Parthenogenetic activation is a major hurdle to be cleared for the examination of the @entity1 sperm chromosome after intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) into @entity329 oocytes. Various factors that affect spontaneous activation of hamster oocytes were, therefore, investigated in this study. We collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) from the oviducts of superovulated females and washed them thoroughly with @entity141 -containing or @entity141 -free TALP-HEPES medium (handling media). We cultured oocytes with intact cumulus or those without cumulus (removed by previous hyaluronidase treatment) in @entity141 -containing or -free m-TALP-3 for 6 or 12 h before examining for their activation. Among the oocytes recovered 17 h post-hCG, 92-94% were parthenogenetically activated by 6 h of in vitro culture. Activation rate in the oocytes collected at 13.5 h post-hCG (53%) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the oocytes collected 17 h post-hCG (92%), indicating that the spontaneous activation rate increased as the oocytes became older. Both cumulus-intact and cumulus-free oocytes had similar (P > 0.05) activation rates when cultured in vitro, suggesting that hyaluronidase treatment had no effect on the rate of oocyte activation. Omission of @entity141 from the handling medium also had no effect on the activation of the oocytes. The rate of spontaneous activation of the oocytes cultured in @entity460 -free medium for 6 (9%) and 12 h (16%) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that (94%) of the control oocytes cultured in @entity141 -containing medium, implying a positive influence of @entity141 on in vitro activation of hamster oocytes. When we cultured the oocytes first in @entity460 -free medium for 6 h, and then in @entity460 -containing medium for 6 h, 94% were activated, which is comparable to the rate for oocytes continuously cultured in @entity141 -containing medium. This indicates that the inhibition of hamster oocyte activation in @entity141 -free medium is reversible and can be used to control spontaneous activation of @entity329 oocytes.

title: In vitro spontaneous parthenogenetic activation of XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamster']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity448 is one of the most frequent complaints in @entity1 who have reached the palliative-care phase of @entity2 . @entity6303 (or @entity11796 ) and @entity288 have been used with success, but the effect of their combination remains unknown. We conducted a phase II trial to assess the impact of combination therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2 given palliative care and who developed @entity448 with or without weight loss were given 320 mg/d @entity6303 in 2 doses and 40 mg/d @entity617 in one dose in the morning for 1 month. The principal outcome criterion was @entity448 assessed on a visual analog scale prior to treatment and then at day 15 and day 30. Variation in daily calorie intake and weight were also recorded. We used an Armitage sequential plan to determine the number of inclusions necessary and the preference method (closed schema) to evaluate the principal outcome criterion. RESULTS: Inclusions were stopped after the eighth @entity1 (giving p<0.05) as we observed a significant improvement in @entity1 appetite. Daily calorie intake improved significantly (p<0.0001), by 39.18% the first 15 days and 16.57% more the next 15 days. Body weight improved significantly by 5.4% in one month (p=0.5). No treatment-related complication occurred during the study period or during the six consecutive months. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6303 - @entity617 combination was found to improve @entity448 in @entity1 with @entity2 in the palliative-care phase and allowed a significant improvement in calorie intake and body weight.

title: [Phase II trial evaluating the effect of @entity6303 - @entity617 combination in the treatment of @entity448 during the palliative-care phase of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia', 'anorexia']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there is an association between @entity2524 , chewing ability, and cognitive function in a general elderly population. DESIGN: Data from the Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old in 2002 were analyzed. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and @entity2524 and chewing ability. @entity1 : Five hundred fifty-seven @entity1 who were nationally representative of the Swedish population aged 77 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive function was measured using the abridged version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Information on dental status and chewing difficulty was obtained according to self-assessment. RESULTS: @entity1 with multiple @entity2524 and @entity1 with difficulty chewing hard food had significantly higher odds of @entity73 . When adjusted for sex, age, and education, the odds of @entity73 were not significantly different between @entity1 with natural teeth and with multiple @entity2524 , but the odds of impairment remained significantly higher for @entity1 with chewing difficulty even when adjusted for sex, age, education, @entity308 , and @entity1032 . CONCLUSION: Sex, age, education, and certain illnesses do not explain the association between cognition and chewing ability. Whether elderly @entity1 chew with natural teeth or prostheses may not contribute significantly to @entity73 as long as they have no chewing difficulty. The results add to the evidence of the association between chewing ability and @entity73 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Chewing ability and XXXX : association with @entity73 in an elderly population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['tooth loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects of preoperative use of topical anti-inflammatory @entity12356 , @entity3285 , @entity21389 and placebo, on the maintenance of intraoperative @entity5564 during @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center, masked, randomized clinical study comprised 140 @entity1 scheduled for @entity231 surgery. @entity1 (35 in each group) were randomized to receive placebo, @entity12356 , @entity3285 0.4% or @entity21389 . These eye drops were administered three times daily for the two days prior to surgery. The pupillary diameters were measured by the surgeon using a compass prior to the corneal section and at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the number of @entity1 with pupil >=  6mm at the end of the surgery; the secondary outcome was the number of @entity1 with pupil >=  6mm at the beginning of the surgery. RESULTS: All the @entity1 achieved pupil >=  6mm at the beginning of the surgery. The number of @entity1 in the @entity617 (29/35), @entity21389 (31/35) and @entity6058 (30/35) groups with pupil >=  6mm was greater than in the placebo group in the maintenance of intraoperative @entity5564 (19/35 - P =0.003). There was no statistical difference among the @entity617 , @entity21389 and @entity6058 groups in the maintenance of intraoperative @entity5564 (P =.791). There were no complications during surgery or related to the preoperative use of the eye drops. CONCLUSION: Preoperative use of @entity6058 , @entity617 and @entity21389 was effective in maintaining intraoperative @entity5564 when compared with placebo.

title: Effect of preoperative use of topical XXXX , @entity3285 , @entity21389 and placebo, on the maintenance of intraoperative @entity5564 during @entity231 surgery: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity21389 :: ('MESH:C414203', 'Chemical') :: ['nepafenac']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

answer: @entity12356 :: (MESH:C009935,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone acetate']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of @entity602 following @entity10217 . OBJECTIVES: To describe a rare complication of @entity10217 . SETTING: Spinal Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS: A young healthy male developed @entity10217 followed by acute onset low thoracic flaccid @entity451 with @entity2319 and sphincter disturbance. He responded well to antibiotics but was not investigated for causes of @entity451 . While at home in a rural area, he developed pressure @entity1066 , @entity417 and @entity308 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine and computed tomography scan of the brain performed after 4 and 10 weeks were normal. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a comprehensive rehabilitation at our institute. Recovery was complicated by ossification in the right thigh, which responded well to radiotherapy. At 1-year follow-up, the @entity51 and @entity1494 and bowel persisted and the @entity1 remained wheelchair dependent for mobility. CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain @entity602 after @entity693 . These include @entity1188 ; autoimmune-mediated inflammatory @entity602 and direct infection of the cord. Most probable cause of @entity602 in this case was @entity602 .

title: Acute flaccid XXXX : a rare complication of @entity10217 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction', 'myelopathy', 'spinal cord damage', 'thoracic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['complete motor and sensory loss']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord infarction']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: @entity1744 is a common cause of acute abdominal distress, accounting for up to 20% of emergency admissions to surgical services. Although the majority of obstructions will resolve with conservative therapy alone, there are currently no reliable tests for identifying the @entity1 who will require operation. Barium contrast studies have the potential to rapidly identify @entity1 with @entity1744 , but many surgeons are hesitant to use them for fear of inducing complications. We report the results of a randomized, prospective trial comparing immediate oral barium contrast studies with plain abdominal X-rays in @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms of @entity1744 . End points included time to resolution of the symptoms or operation, total number of hospital days, and morbidity. Sixty-four @entity1 completed the study; of these, 23 received contrast studies and 41 had plain radiographs only. Six of the contrast group (26%) and 11 of the plain radiograph group (27%) ultimately went to operation. Barium contrast studies had a sensitivity of 100% for diagnosing @entity3885 , whereas the sensitivity of serial plain radiographs was only 82%. Among those going to operation, the time from admission to operation was 8.2 hours in the contrast group and 12.4 hours in the plain radiograph group, but this result did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.25). Total hospital days were similar between the two groups (8 vs. 12 days, p = 0.40). There were no complications resulting from the oral administration of barium. Small bowel contrast studies using barium are safe and may shorten the time to operation in @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms of @entity1744 .

title: Contrast radiography in XXXX : a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['complete small bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction', 'Small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) include several types of specialized cells within the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some types of ICC act as pacemakers in the GIT musculature, whereas others are implicated in the modulation of enteric neurotransmission. Kit immunohistochemistry reliably identifies the location of these cells and provides information on changes in ICC distribution and density. @entity1 stomach specimens were obtained from 7 embryos and 28 foetuses without @entity344 . The specimens were 7-27 weeks of gestational age, and both sexes are represented in the sample. The specimens were exposed to anti- @entity2467 antibodies to investigate ICC differentiation. Enteric plexuses were immunohistochemically examined by using anti-neuron specific enolase and the differentiation of @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) was studied with anti-alpha smooth muscle actin and anti-desmin antibodies. By week 7, @entity2467 -immunopositive precursors formed a layer in the outer stomach wall around myenteric plexus elements. Between 9 and 11 weeks some of these precursors differentiated into ICC. ICC at the myenteric plexus level differentiated first, followed by those within the muscle layer: between @entity3960 , at the circular and longitudinal layers, and within connective tissue septa enveloping muscle bundles. In the fourth month, all subtypes of @entity2467 -immunoreactivity ICC which are necessary for the generation of slow waves and their transfer to @entity3960 have been developed. These results may help elucidate the origin of ICC and the aetiology and pathogenesis of @entity1319 in neonates and young @entity1 that are associated with absence or decreased number of these cells.

title: Development of @entity2467 immunopositive interstitial cells of Cajal in the XXXX stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['stomach motility disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment for early @entity356 (EGC) without lymph node @entity3 . However, after ER additional surgery may be needed to manage the risks presented by @entity5 or lymph node @entity3 . METHODS: ER was performed on 344 @entity356 between November 2001 and April 2006 at the Korean National Cancer Center under the strict pre-procedural indication. The authors performed operations in 43 @entity1 due to: residual @entity1697 , a @entity1697 larger than 3 cm, or a submucosal @entity5 regardless of size or margin involvement. ER and surgical specimens were reviewed and analyzed for @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Based on examinations of ER specimens, @entity5 was confined to the mucosal layer in 15 @entity1 (34.9%) and invaded the submucosal layer in 28 @entity1 (65.1%). Surgical specimens showed @entity5 in 17 @entity1 (39.5%) and lymph node @entity3 in four (9.3%). Neither @entity5 nor lymph node @entity3 was found in @entity1 with less than 500 microm submucosal invasion without margin involvement in ER specimens. In three of four @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 , the depth of submucosal invasion was 500 microm or more; the remaining @entity1 had a 4-cm-sized differentiated @entity1697 . CONCLUSIONS: When a pathologic evaluation of an ER specimen reveals more than 500 microm of submucosal @entity3 of larger than 3 cm, surgery should be considered due to the risk of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Surgical indication for non-curative endoscopic resection in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasion or a mucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The medical records of 620 @entity1 submitted to renal transplant from February 1968 to February 1995 were surveyed for @entity6923 . Of these, 87 presented 107 episodes of @entity7553 . In 42.9% the @entity281 appeared up to 6 months after the transplant. The most frequent involved sites were: urinary tract, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent etiological agents were: @entity5132 , @entity9841 and @entity7408 . Most @entity293 occurred in the first 6 months (61.7%) and manifested clinically as a @entity2348 . In the @entity1729 were characterized by isolation of the agent in sputum. In the @entity344 , 9/16 episodes were esophageal. There were 3 deaths directly related to @entity7553 (one pulmonary and 2 disseminated cases). In the urinary tract, and @entity1729 there was association of @entity7553 with previous antibiotic treatment (76% and 67%, respectively), and with concomitant @entity2348 (34% and 64%, respectively). The overall prevalence of @entity6923 was 14.5%. The predominant location was in the urinary tract (51.0%), followed by the respiratory (26.0%) and gastrointestinal tract (15.0%), with a high rate of association with previous antibiotic treatment and @entity2348 .

title: [ @entity7553 in kidney transplant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections', 'Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis', 'Candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 often have discomfort, especially back @entity158 , after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty because they must stay relatively flat while the @entity4847 remains in the femoral vessel after the procedure. Flexible sheaths are now available, allowing the head of the bed to be raised to 60 degrees during this period of bed rest. OBJECTIVE: We assessed comfort and the frequency of @entity548 in @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and compared the findings between @entity1 with a flexible @entity4847 and @entity1 with a standard @entity4847 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned either a flexible @entity4847 or a standard @entity4847 during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. @entity1 ' comfort was assessed by administering a comfort questionnaire at two intervals after the procedure, and the frequency of @entity548 was determined by reviewing the @entity1 ' charts. RESULTS: One hundred seven @entity1 completed the questionnaire. The @entity1 with a flexible @entity4847 showed a significantly higher level of comfort than the @entity1 with a standard @entity4847 5 hours after the procedure. @entity1 with a flexible @entity4847 also received less @entity158 medication than did @entity1 with a standard @entity4847 . The frequency of @entity548 was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study support the use of a flexible @entity4847 to increase @entity1 ' comfort after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty without increasing the frequency of @entity548 .

title: Comfort and @entity548 after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: comparison of a flexible @entity4847 and a standard XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['sheath']


abstract: The gene encoding the type I pullulanase from the extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium @entity52152 Ven5 was cloned and sequenced in @entity526 . The pulA gene from @entity52152 had 50.1% pairwise @entity535 identity with pulA from the anaerobic hyperthermophile @entity10031 and contained the four regions conserved among all amylolytic enzymes. The pullulanase gene (pulA) encodes a protein of 849 @entity1522 with a 28-residue signal peptide. The pulA gene was subcloned without its signal sequence and overexpressed in @entity526 under the control of the trc promoter. This clone, @entity526 FD748, produced two proteins (93 and 83 kDa) with pullulanase activity. A second start site, identified 118 @entity1522 downstream from the ATG start site, with a Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence (GGAGG) and TTG translation initiation codon was mutated to produce only the 93-kDa protein. The recombinant purified pullulanases (rPulAs) were optimally active at pH 6 and 80 degrees C and had a half-life of 2 h at 80 degrees C. The rPulAs hydrolyzed alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages of pullulan, starch, amylopectin, glycogen, alpha-beta-limited dextrin. Interestingly, amylose, which contains only alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages, was not hydrolyzed by rPulAs. According to these results, the enzyme is classified as a debranching enzyme, pullulanase type I. The extraordinary high substrate specificity of rPulA together with its thermal stability makes this enzyme a good candidate for biotechnological applications in the starch-processing industry.

title: Pullulanase type I from XXXX Ven5: cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10031 :: ('2336', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga maritima']

entities_list: @entity52152 :: ('93466', 'Species') :: ['F. pennavorans Ven5', 'Fervidobacterium pennavorans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity52152 :: (93466,Species) :: ['Fervidobacterium pennavorans']


abstract: @entity1164 associated with @entity2072 (Coc) abuse in healthy, physically active individuals became a grave concern in the late 1980s. It is well documented that physical activity increases circulating plasma @entity2922 levels. @entity2661 as well as Coc are independently capable of inducing toxic cardiac effects. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the synergistic or additive toxic effects of @entity1063 (NE) and Coc in primary myocardial cell cultures obtained from 3- to 5-d-old @entity35 . Alterations in @entity880 dehydrogenase release (LDH), lysosomal neutral red retention (NR), beating activity, and morphology were evaluated after treatment of the cells for 1-24 h with 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone, 1 x 10(-5) M Coc alone, 1 x 10(-5) M NE alone, 1 x 10(-3) M Coc with 1 x 10(-5) M NE, or 1 x 10(-5) M Coc with 1 x 10(-5) M NE. LDH release was elevated significantly after 24 h only with those cells exposed to 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc + 1 x 10(-5) M NE. Using NR retention as a score for lysosomal treatment of the cells with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc alone did not decrease dye retention significantly. However, 1 x 10(-5) M NE combined with 1 x 10(-3) M Coc significantly reduced @entity6112 as early as 1 h after treatment. After 24 h, 1 x 10(-5) M NE alone and 1 x 10(-5) M NE combined with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc significantly increased lysosomal fragility. Beating activity was altered in all treatment groups. Contractile activity was slow and irregular or completely absent with 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-3) M Coc, respectively. When NE (1 x 10(-5) M) was combined with both concentrations of Coc, there was distinct focalization of sharp, rapid contractions within the cells, which were asynchronous and/or arrhythmic in nature. Those cells exposed to 1 x 10(-5) M NE with 1 x 10(-5) M Coc for 24 h appeared hypercontracted with marked pseudopodia and cytoplasmic granule formation distinctly different from that exhibited by the cells exposed to 1 x 10(-5) M Coc alone. These data demonstrate that NE potentiates the adverse effects of Coc on contractile activity and morphology of spontaneously contracting neonatal myocardial cells maintained in culture.

title: Effects of @entity2072 and @entity1063 on primary cultures of neonatal XXXX myocardial cells.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal dye retention']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of acute @entity12351 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging at 0.1 T was performed in 25 @entity1 with an acute @entity8043 , 24 of whom underwent surgery. All @entity1 were young male conscripts, aged 18-22 years. RESULTS: Signal intensity abnormalities of bone, seen as areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images, were found in all 25 @entity1 (100%). The lateral femoral condyle was involved in all cases. Signal intensity changes also appeared in the patella in eight @entity1 and in the lateral tibial plateau in three. Osteochondral fragments seen at plain radiography and cartilage fissuring noted at arthroscopy were not visible at MR imaging. Injury of the medial patellar retinaculum was seen at MR in each case. All @entity1 had a joint effusion. Lateral subluxation of the patella was a common finding. CONCLUSION: Constant findings at MR imaging were (a) contusion of the lateral femoral condyle, (b) tear of the medial retinaculum, and (c) joint effusion.

title: Acute XXXX : MR findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity12351 :: (MESH:C538081,Disease) :: ['dislocation of the patella']