abstract: National guidelines in the United States and Europe have stimulated interest in controlling blood lipid levels to prevent CHD. In this review, the efficiency of lipid profiles in predicting CHD has been examined, and total @entity165 , HDL and LDL @entity165 , and @entity412 values have been compared on the basis of 12 to 14 years of surveillance in the Framingham Study. The average value of total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 in @entity1 who had @entity301 was at or below values that are considered dangerous, which indicates the need for more specific and sensitive lipid profiles. Measurement of LDL @entity165 levels predicted CHD only marginally better than measurement of serum total @entity165 . Measurement of @entity412 levels was the weakest predictor. The total @entity165 to HDL @entity165 ratio was the most efficient predictor both in those with apparently safe and those with abnormal @entity165 values. Measurement of HDL @entity165 was the best single lipid predictor and use of this measurement avoids needlessly alarming or falsely reassuring @entity1 at risk for CHD who have high total @entity165 values. Since the risk associated with any serum @entity165 value varies over a 10-fold range depending on coexistent cardiovascular risk factors, these lipid factors must be taken into account in judging the hazards and efficacy of treatment needed. Evidence is available that controlling elevated @entity165 by diet and administration of pharmaceutical agents can reduce the rate of coronary events, slow progression of angiographically visualized lesions, and regress xanthomata.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of lipid profiles in prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with refractory or relapsed @entity706 is poor. To improve the outcome of such @entity1 , a therapeutic regimen of VIM +/- B (etoposide/ifosfamide plus mesna/methotrexate/ with or without bleomycin) was administered. Of 47 @entity1 treated, 15 had relapsed following complete remission (CR) after first-line chemotherapy, 28 had failed to achieve CR with first-line therapy, and four failed to respond to multiple salvage regimens. All @entity1 had received extensive prior chemotherapy, and 36 had received combinations containing doxorubicin. Eight @entity1 had low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), 28 had high-grade @entity1893 , and 11 @entity1 had @entity978 . Overall response rate was 87%, with 45% CR and 42% partial remission (PR). Median relapse-free interval was 8 months in @entity1 with CR and 6 months in those with PR. Of @entity1 with CR, 43% were predicted to be without relapse at 2 years and 31% at 5 years. Median survival time for all @entity1 treated with 14 months-22 months for those with CR and 10 months for those with PR. Probability of survival at 2 years was 30% in all @entity1 , 50% in @entity1 with CR, and 15% in those with PR. VIM +/- B appears to be effective against @entity706 , resulting in response in a large number of @entity1 and long-term survival and possible cure in a small but significant number. Results indicate that VIM +/- B is particularly effective in @entity1 with high-grade @entity1893 who have responded suboptimally to primary therapy.

title: Etoposide, ifosfamide, and methotrexate with or without bleomycin in refractory or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['refractory or recurrent lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: 1. The @entity410 activity induced by @entity6153 has been examined in anaesthetized @entity19 either by determining the @entity54906 for the @entity410 in drug-treated and control animals, or by studying the effects of various drugs on the total whole body activity. 2. The results indicate that @entity2661 play no part in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . Drugs which alter cerebral @entity2922 levels had no effect on the @entity410 , nor did the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 3. @entity750 ( @entity750 ) could possibly be important, though results with drugs which either change brain @entity750 levels, or block @entity750 receptors were inconsistent. 4. @entity1246 also appears not to be involved in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . 5. The results strongly suggest that @entity6153 primarily activates a central cholinergic system, in that muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blocking drugs inhibit, and anticholinesterases potentiate the @entity410 .

title: A pharmacological study of the spontaneous XXXX activity induced by @entity6153 ( @entity6153 ) in the anaesthetized @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsive']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clinically describe cases of @entity2194 and to determine the possible causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with ocular motor nerve @entity912 were investigated. All underwent complete ophthalmological, as well as neurological, otorhinolaryngological and general examination. Computerised tomography (CT)-scan of the brain and complementary laboratory tests were obtained from each @entity1 . RESULTS: Paralysis of the sixth (38.4%) and the third (35.3%) cranial nerve were the most common. The Lees screen test was found to be very sensitive, confirming the diagnosis of @entity2194 , even in cases with minimal manifestations. @entity5564 were mostly seen in isolated cases of the third @entity129 . The majority of eyes (63.2%) with third @entity129 had pupil sparing. Overall, an etiological diagnosis was made in 93.5% of cases. The common causes were vascular conditions (25.8%), @entity14696 (19.7%) and @entity130 (12.9%). CT scan failed to reveal any abnormality in 54.8% of cases. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2194 should be carefully examined in close collaboration with other specialists, especially where sophisticated, complementary investigations are impossible.

title: Ocular XXXX : a clinical and etiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular motor nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otorhinolaryngologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['Complete ptosis and full mydriasis']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['motor nerve palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The various methods of measuring peritoneal thickness in experimental studies in @entity35 have yielded conflicting results. Also, no standard method exists to assess histologic findings in peritoneal morphology. We therefore undertook the present study to create a reproducible and standard method for assessing @entity35 peritoneal histology in experimental studies. METHODS: Parietal peritoneal samples from 61 @entity35 albino @entity35 were used in the study. Excepting the skin, the whole abdominal wall from each @entity35 was cut two-dimensionally (longitudinally and horizontally), fixed in @entity406 , and processed routinely for light microscopy. Slides were divided into two groups according to the direction of the inner abdominal muscle fibers in the sections. Longitudinal and horizontal sections of abdominal muscle were evaluated. For every section, one histopathology image was captured from a light microscope to an IBM-compatible computer. Peritoneal thickness (mean of the maximum and the minimum) and @entity9662 ( @entity9662 ) were drawn on the image. A computer program then automatically performed measurements. Two different measurement methods were compared, based on the same sections. RESULTS: The mean peritoneal thickness was 91 +/- 8 microm in the longitudinal sections and 75 +/- 7 microm in the horizontal sections (p < 0.05). Measurements of the @entity9662 were found to be 47,762 +/- 4,374 microm2 for the longitudinal sections and 40,389 +/- 3,631 microm2 for the horizontal sections (p < 0.05). In both types of sections, a positive correlation (96% for longitudinal and 90% for horizontal) was found between the @entity9662 and the peritoneal thickness (p < 0.01). The @entity9662 measurements correlated significantly with functional properties [ratio of the dialysate concentration of @entity413 initially and after a 1-hour dwell (D1/D0 @entity413 ), ultrafiltration, and protein loss; p < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal thickness can be measured as a mean of the minimum and maximum values. That measurement strongly correlates with @entity9662 . Both types of sections can be used, but the horizontal and longitudinal sections show systematic differences. All samples in a study should be taken using the same section pattern, either longitudinal or horizontal.

title: How can we standardize peritoneal thickness measurements in experimental studies in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity9662 :: ('MESH:D054363', 'Disease') :: ['submesothelial area', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to determine the pathologic basis of @entity854 in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters observed in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in @entity15 brains. METHODS: Brain tissues were obtained through a rapid postmortem protocol that included in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four types of MRI-defined regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed: (1) regions that were abnormal on all images (T2T1MTR lesions); (2) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located close to @entity62 (sa-WM Close); (3) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located far from lesions (sa-WM Far); and (4) NAWM regions with normal MTR (NAWM). Immunohistochemical analysis for each ROI comprised immunostaining for myelin, axonal markers, activated microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, plasma proteins, and blood vessels. RESULTS: Forty-eight ROIs from 4 secondary progressive MS brains were analyzed. sa-WM Close ROIs were associated with significantly more @entity4 . There were more enlarged major histocompatibility complex II(+) microglia and macrophages detected in sa-WM Far, sa-WM Close, and T2T1MTR lesions than in NAWM. Across all ROIs, MTR and DTI measures were moderately correlated with myelin density, axonal area, and axonal counts. Excluding T2T1MTR lesions from analysis revealed that MTR and DTI measures in nonlesional white matter (WM) were correlated with activated microglia, but not with axonal or myelin integrity. INTERPRETATION: The pathologic substrates for @entity854 in NAWM vary based on distance from focal WM lesions. Close to WM lesions, axonal pathology and microglial activation may explain subtle MRI changes. Distant from lesions, microglial activation associated with proximity to cortical lesions might underlie @entity854 .

title: XXXX normal-appearing white matter: pathology-imaging correlations.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swellings']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abnormalities', 'MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: For understanding the immunological functions of the peritoneum, spatial localization of integrins and their ligands was studied by immuno-SEM on the peritoneal surface of @entity19 with cecal perforation-induced @entity298 . The cecal peritoneum 24 hr after perforation was stained with specific antibodies against @entity4459 , @entity3804 , VLA-4, @entity8024 , @entity6580 , and fibronectin diluted with cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in conjunction with immuno-gold labeling. The spatial localization of those cell adhesion molecules was detected by backscatter electron (BSE) imaging with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Numerous leukocytes with diverse surface ultrastructure were observed on the peritoneal surface by FESEM. Some leukocytes were in contact with mesothelial cells, and others adhered to the exposed underlying connective tissue. The BSE imaging showed the ubiquitous distribution of @entity3804 on all membrane domains of leukocytes, i.e., cell body, ruffles, and microvilli. In contrast, predominant expressions of @entity4459 and VLA-4 were discernible on ruffles/microvilli of some leukocytes. The mesothelial cells remaining in the inflamed area expressed both @entity8024 and @entity6580 on their microvilli. The fibronectin was detected on presumable collagen fibers and/or fibrin over the exposed smooth muscle layer as well as on fibrin extending between leukocyte aggregation. The spatial microlocalization of integrins was clarified on the leukocytes emigrated in @entity298 , and their ligands were detected on the inflamed peritoneum.

title: Spatial distribution of cell adhesion molecules on the peritoneal surface in the cecal perforation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: Cancer predisposition in approximately 60% of @entity28502 ( @entity28502 ) families is associated with germline mutation of the @entity186 gene. The @entity186 protein has been shown to mediate @entity1167 following DNA damage. We have investigated gamma-irradiation-induced transient and permanent @entity1167 in normal and @entity28502 fibroblasts. The duration of transient @entity1167 varied between strains, but there was no difference in the range between normal (2-12 h) and @entity28502 (1-13 h) cells. However, the extent of permanent @entity1167 was greatly reduced in @entity28502 fibroblasts (mean 33+/-8% of the cell population) compared with normals (mean 67+/-9%) and correlated with their increased radiation survival (r=0.97, P<0.001). This phenotype was observed in @entity28502 fibroblasts both with (seven cases) and without (two cases) @entity186 mutation. Parallel studies with fibroblasts derived from @entity5 -prone, @entity186 -deficient @entity19 revealed no radiation-induced G1 cell cycle arrest in @entity186 null (-/-) cells. The @entity186 +/- cells were comparable to the wt @entity186 cells in transient @entity1167 capacity, but showed a diminished permanent @entity1167 . These data clearly implicate @entity186 function in permanent @entity1167 . The reduced capacity for DNA damage-induced, permanent @entity1167 in @entity28502 may contribute significantly to @entity5 predisposition in this @entity4310 .

title: Cell cycle arrest defect in @entity28502 : a mechanism of XXXX predisposition?

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28502 :: ('MESH:D016864', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'Li-Fraumeni Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The WHO and the UN @entity1 's Fund have set joint targets for global and national programs for the control of @entity66 . One target stipulates that by 1995, 50% of the @entity1 with @entity294 should receive an increased volume of fluids with continued feeding. The principal approach to achieving this is the implementation of skills-oriented training for health workers. The joint targets also state that by 1995, 80% of mothers of @entity1 5 years of age should be aware of the rules of home case management: give increased fluids, continue feeding, and seek medical care when needed. For the year 2000, this target is 100%. Despite well-implemented clinical management training in many countries, advising mothers on how to care for @entity294 at home is the weakest element of case management. Health facility surveys show that 1-10% of mothers are correctly advised. Health workers often give advice at the end of a consultation, facilities are often crowded, and health workers may not feel that advising is productive. Therefore, the Program for the @entity66 ( @entity66 ) has developed a training guide called "Advising Mothers" which outlines a process and the skills which will help health workers to advise mothers effectively. "Advising Mothers" is a training tool which should be used during clinical management training courses or as a refresher course for health workers previously trained in clinical management. On average, the exercises in the program require about 8 hours. If "Advising Mothers" is incorporated into clinical management training, practice may be done during regular clinical practice sessions; if training is carried out separately, an extra half-day will be needed for clinical practice. National @entity66 programs would incorporate "Advising Mothers" into clinical management training courses for health personnel.

title: Advising mothers: management of XXXX in the home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases', 'diarrhoeal diseases', 'CDD']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: Previous studies have found a widely variable prevalence of @entity1141 and @entity5 in @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity31 . Consequently, therapeutic recommendations are conflicting. To better assess the prevalence, we reviewed the clinical and pathological findings in all 27 @entity1 with @entity31 complicated by stricture who were entered into our Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry. A true stricture was defined as a persistent localized narrowing of the colon found on air-contrast barium enema or on colonoscopy. Upon careful review, 12 of 27 @entity1 were found to have transient @entity694 , not a stricture, and were excluded. The remaining 15 @entity1 with true strictures represented 3.2% of all @entity31 @entity1 in the registry. @entity850 were identified at 13.3 +/- 9.9 years following the diagnosis of @entity31 . Eleven @entity1 had multiple strictures that were principally located in the left colon. Of the 15 @entity1 , 11 had @entity1141 and two had @entity5 found on colonoscopic biopsy. Ultimately, six @entity1 had @entity189 found at colonoscopy or colectomy (three modified @entity5 , one stage B, and two stage D). All @entity5 were at the site of a stricture. These findings indicate that a true @entity694 in @entity31 is frequently associated with @entity1141 and @entity5 , which can be diagnosed with colonoscopic biopsy. A stricture should be considered a strong risk factor for @entity5 , requiring intensive colonoscopic surveillance. If @entity1141 is discovered, or if the stricture cannot be adequately biopsied, consideration should be given to total colectomy.

title: @entity1141 and XXXX complicating strictures in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', "Dukes' stage A"]

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Strictures']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic spasm', 'colonic strictures', 'colonic stricture']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if posttetanic twitch following 100-Hz tetanic stimulation enables titration of a nondepolarizing relaxant infusion to a greater depth of block than that achieved with posttetanic twitch following 50 Hz. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Operating rooms of a university tertiary care center. @entity1 : 10 ASA physical status II and III @entity1 free of known @entity4094 and undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia for routine elective surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Following induction of general anesthesia, @entity4094 was maintained with a continuous intravenous @entity3369 infusion. @entity4094 was assessed by tactile evaluation of the evoked responses of the adductor pollicis muscle following supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve via surface electrodes. The @entity3369 infusion was titrated to loss of posttetanic twitch following 100-Hz tetanic stimulation, at which point the infusion was discontinued. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 100-Hz tetanic stimulation was repeated every two minutes until recovery of the first posttetanic twitch, at which point 50-Hz tetanic stimulation was repeated every two minutes until recovery of the first posttetanic twitch. The median time (interquartile range) from discontinuation of the @entity3369 infusion to recovery of the first posttetanic twitch following 100-Hz tetanic stimulation was 27% faster than the corresponding time to recovery of the first posttetanic twitch following 50-Hz tetanic stimulation [19 (10 to 24) min and 26 (20 to 30) min respectively, p < 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS: Posttetanic twitch following 100-Hz tetanic stimulation enables titration of a @entity3369 infusion to a greater depth of block than posttetanic twitch following 50-Hz tetanic stimulation. The present findings should enable more effective titration of this relaxant, thereby reducing the likelihood of unwanted @entity1 movement or unduly prolonged recovery due to relaxant @entity1445 .

title: Comparative recovery of 50-Hz and 100-Hz posttetanic twitch following profound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease', 'Depth of neuromuscular block', 'neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular block']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if percutaneously applied @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) combined with percutaneous @entity1068 instillation ( @entity8681 ) can increase the extent of ablation in @entity35 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: R3230 mammary @entity420 was implanted bilaterally in the mammary fat pads of 18 female @entity35 . The @entity5 nodules measured 1. 2-1.5 cm. @entity5 each were treated with (a) conventional, monopolar @entity2198 (96 mA +/- 28; 70 degrees C for 5 minutes); (b) @entity8681 (250 microL of @entity1068 infused over 1 minute); (c) combined therapy of @entity8681 immediately followed by @entity2198 ablation; or (d) combined therapy of @entity2198 ablation immediately followed by @entity8681 . Four @entity5 were not treated and served as controls. Histopathologic examination included staining for mitochondrial enzyme activity. Resultant @entity39 was compared between treatment groups. RESULTS: Coagulation @entity39 was observed only within treated @entity5 . @entity5 treated with @entity2198 alone had 6.7 mm +/- 0.6 of coagulation surrounding the electrode, and those treated with @entity8681 alone had 6.4 mm +/- 0.6 of coagulation around the instillation needle (not significant). Significantly increased coagulation of 10.1 mm +/- 0.9 (P: <.001) was observed with the combined therapy of @entity8681 followed by @entity2198 . @entity2198 followed by @entity8681 did not increase coagulation (6.4 mm +/- 0.8 around the needle; not significant). CONCLUSION: @entity8681 followed by @entity2198 ablation therapy increases the extent of induced @entity39 in @entity35 @entity0 , as compared with either therapy alone.

title: @entity5 ablation: increased coagulation by combining radio-frequency ablation and @entity1068 instillation in a @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'radio frequency']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Eight tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The principal aim was to determine the extent to which intended and actual management varied among vascular surgeons. DESIGN: Prospective survey. METHODS: A nationwide survey of initial management of, and determination of subsequent surgical management in, 1180 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity613 made by 28 vascular surgeons was carried out in Scotland. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 considered for conservative management varied between consultants from 10-83% (mean 42%, S.D. 16%). The proportion considered for angiography varied from 13-80% (mean 46%, S.D. 14%). For surgery, the range was 4-68% (mean 37%, S.D. 14%) and for angioplasty the range was 13-90% (mean 49%, S.D. 19%). All differences in management intention between consultants were significant (p < 0.001). The differences between consultants in terms of treatment actually received within 6 months were less striking but still significant (p < 0.05). All consultants actually managed more @entity1 conservatively than they had originally intended, but there was poor correlation between intended and actual practice. CONCLUSIONS: In Scotland the variations between surgeons in both intended and actual management are substantial. Large scale randomised controlled trials of treatment of @entity613 are urgently required to make clear the best treatment strategies.

title: Variation in management of XXXX by vascular surgeons in Scotland. Scottish Vascular Audit Group [corrected].

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: The @entity56825 is a new @entity19 model of hereditary @entity231 . In this mutant, opacity of lens developed spontaneously at 35-60 days of age. The initial histological change was irregular swelling, condensation, degeneration and fragmentation of lens fibers in the deep cortex, leading to rupture of the lens capsule at the posterior pole at 45-100 days of age. Following rupture, the lens nucleus dislocated behind the lens or occasionally in the anterior chamber. Both eyes were affected. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutation was dictated by a single autosomal recessive gene with complete penetrance. Homozygotes of either sex developed @entity231 with @entity397 capsule. We named the responsible gene as @entity397 @entity231 ( @entity56825 ) and the @entity19 as @entity56825 . Neither allelism nor linkage was found between @entity56825 and nct, another recessive gene in Nakano @entity231 @entity19 . The @entity56825 mutation is now fixed in a inbred background since the @entity56825 has been maintained over 20 inbred generations in the laboratory. Although no direct homologous disease of this unusual @entity231 is found in @entity1 , this mutant will provide a valuable tool to investigate the mechanism involved in maintainance of lens.

title: Rupture of lens XXXX : a novel hereditary recessive @entity231 model in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of lens']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity4176 -induced @entity159 is associated with both apoptotic and @entity39 cell death and induction of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) in hippocampal and cortical regions of the rodent brain. In the present study we have examined the temporal, spatial and cellular expression patterns of mRNAs for the highly inducible HSPs, @entity18273 and @entity28915 , together with the apoptotic marker, @entity4124 ( @entity4124 ) in @entity35 brain after systemic administration of @entity4176 . @entity18273 mRNA was transiently induced in the forebrain by @entity4176 , principally in the @entity1249 , @entity1251 and hilar cells of the hippocampal formation, in piriform cortex and discrete thalamic nuclei. Maximal expression was seen at 8 h after @entity4176 which then declined to background levels by 7 days. Labelling was predominantly neuronal. In contrast, @entity28915 mRNA expression was more widespread. Intense labelling was observed in @entity1249 , @entity1251 and the hilar region at 8 h after @entity4176 but the expression profile for @entity28915 mRNA expanded considerably with intense signals seen in corpus callosum, cortex and thalamus at 24 h post @entity4176 . Emulsion autoradiographs indicated a predominantly glial localisation for @entity28915 mRNA. In the hilus, a distinct subpopulation of interneurones were found to express @entity28915 mRNA. @entity4124 mRNA was upregulated in @entity1249 , @entity1251 and hilus of the hippocampal formation and in piriform cortex. @entity4124 mRNA expression was more restricted and similar in distribution to @entity18273 mRNA being localised to neurones. The present study demonstrates the unique early expression of @entity28915 mRNA by glial cells and distinct populations of neurones which extends beyond those in which @entity18273 and @entity4124 induction occurs with subsequent cell loss.

title: @entity1457 protein 27 shows a distinctive widespread spatial and temporal pattern of induction in CNS glial and neuronal cells compared to @entity1457 protein 70 and @entity4124 following XXXX administration.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['Kainate', 'kainate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association between burnout and physical diseases has been studied very little. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout and @entity221 in a representative nationwide population health study. METHODS: As a part of the "Health 2000 Study" in Finland, 3368 employees aged 30-64 years were studied. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Physical diseases were diagnosed in a comprehensive health examination by research physicians. RESULTS: @entity221 was more common among subjects with burnout than others (64% vs. 54%, P<.0001), and the prevalence of diseases increased with the severity of burnout (P<.0001). Burnout was an important correlate of @entity65 among @entity1 (OR=1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61) and @entity85 among @entity1 (OR=1.22, 95% CI, 1.07-1.38) when adjusted for age, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, physical strenuousness of work, smoking, physical activity, @entity167 consumption, body mass index, and @entity308 . The prevalence of @entity85 and @entity65 increased with the severity of all three dimensions of burnout, that is, exhaustion (P<.0001 and P<.001, respectively), cynicism (P=.0001 and P<.001, respectively), and lack of professional efficacy (P<.01 and P<.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Burnout is associated with @entity85 among @entity1 and with @entity65 among @entity1 . These associations are not explained by sociodemographic factors, health behavior, or @entity308 . Physical illnesses are associated with all three dimensions of burnout and not only with the exhaustion dimension. In the future, the causal relationships between burnout and physical diseases need to be investigated in prospective studies.

title: The association between burnout and XXXX in the general population--results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness', 'Physical illness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['physical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk factors and outcomes of @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity4499 ( @entity4499 ) have not been studied in a large unselected @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population. METHODS: The authors studied a prospective cohort of adults admitted for more than 24 h. Data were collected at @entity1213 admission and daily by senior physicians until @entity1213 discharge. Risk factors for @entity4499 were identified in the entire cohort. A matched nested case-control study was used to evaluate the excess risk of @entity4499 in decedents. RESULTS: Of the 3,499 @entity1 , 69 with pneumothorax before @entity1213 admission were excluded. Of the remaining 3,430 @entity1 , 94 experienced @entity4499 within 30 days (42 due to @entity11283 and 52 due to invasive procedures). The cumulative incidence of @entity4499 was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.8) on day 5 and 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4-3.6) on day 30. Risk factors for @entity4499 (hazard ratio [95% CI]) were body weight less than 80 kg (2.4 [1.3-4.2]), history of @entity465 (2.8 [1.2-6.4]), diagnosis of @entity649 (5.3 [2.6-11]) or @entity3126 at admission (2.0 [1.1-3.6]), central vein or pulmonary artery catheter insertion (1.7 [1.0-2.7]), and use of inotropic agents during the first 24 h (2.1 [1.3-3.4]). Excess risk of @entity4499 in decedents was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-4.9; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a life-threatening complication seen in 3% of @entity1213 @entity1 . Incorporating risk factors for @entity4499 into preventive strategies should reduce the occurrence of @entity4499 .

title: Pneumothorax in the XXXX : incidence, risk factors, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'iatrogenic pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['adult immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of liquid cytology in @entity975 smears in @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) for endocervical cell yield and abnormalities, via speculum examination or blind technique. METHODS: We used retrospective chart review of gynecological visits by @entity1 with @entity717 from October 2002 to November 2005. Cervical cytology screening included speculum examination or blind technique. Endocervical cell yield was analyzed via Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: Of 240 attempted liquid cytology @entity975 smears, 199 (82.9%) were completed. Of these, 193 met inclusion criteria for the study, and 120 (62.2%) contained endocervical cells. The endocervical cell yield with liquid cytology/speculum was 80.0% and was 43.6% with liquid cytology/blind (p < 0.001). Two blind smears (1.0%) were abnormal; both revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) with subsequent negative @entity1082 ) typing. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical screening with liquid cytology in @entity1 with @entity717 provides an overall rate of endocervical cells of approximately 44%-80% depending on the technique used. Although this is much lower than in the general population, this compares favorably with slide @entity975 smear in @entity1 with @entity717 . The 44% yield of endocervical cells and the finding of abnormal @entity975 smears with the blind technique suggest this is a reasonable alternative for obtaining @entity975 smears in @entity1 with difficult pelvic examinations who otherwise would not receive cervical screening.

title: Cervical cancer screening with liquid cytology in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['developmental disabilities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Does @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) behave differently from conventional squamous cell @entity189 and does @entity1358 have true transitional cell differentiation? MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cases of @entity1358 were identified from archival files. Clinical data were compiled. Immunoperoxidase stains for @entity29225 , @entity4206 and @entity986 were performed on available tissue blocks. RESULTS: @entity1 ranged in age from 27 to 85 years. Twelve @entity1 were FIGO Stage I, 4 were Stage II, and 2 were Stage III. Thirteen @entity1 had clinical follow-up ranging from 5 to 132 months. Three @entity1 subsequently had more extensive disease than initial clinical staging indicated. Nine @entity1 had no @entity5 progression, three had local recurrence and one had metastatic disease. Eight cases were strongly immunoreactive for @entity4206 and @entity986 and 14 were negative for @entity29225 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 lacks true transitional cell differentiation and probably shares similar clinicopathologic features with @entity957 .

title: Characterization of XXXX of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['conventional cervical squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma', 'PSTCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine pelvic findings, histopathology, and clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity1118 and @entity158 after laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. @entity1 : Of 2115 @entity1 with @entity1118 , 25 also complained of @entity158 radiating to the leg (right 15, left 9, both 1), @entity158 over buttocks, and paresthesia of the thighs and/or knees, exacerbated during menses. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Laparoscopic findings were @entity46 nodules (5 @entity1 ), peritoneal pockets and/or peritoneal @entity46 (19), and inflammatory peritoneum (1). Associated pelvic @entity46 was identified and confirmed in 17 @entity1 (68%). No additional lesions other than peritoneal pockets were found in eight (32%). All nodules, peritoneal pockets, and abnormal peritoneum were excised with a combination of hydrodissection and @entity544 laser. Peritoneum over resultant deep defects was sutured with one to three 2-0 nonabsorbable sutures in accordance with the surgeon's practice and experience. Endometriosis was confirmed in all five nodules, and histology of excised pockets showed @entity46 in nine (60.0%), @entity14708 in two (13.3%), @entity32 in one (6.7%), and normal tissue in three (20.0%). After laparoscopic excision sciatic symptoms were eliminated in 19, markedly improved in 4, remained the same in 2, and recurred in 3 @entity1 after 2 years. CONCLUSION: Cyclic leg signs and symptoms were associated with pelvic peritoneal pockets, @entity46 nodules, or surface @entity46 of the posterolateral pelvic peritoneum. We hypothesize that the @entity158 associated with these lesions is more likely referred @entity158 originating from pelvic peritoneum than direct irritation of the @entity1930 .

title: Laparoscopic findings, management, histopathology, and outcome of 25 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14708 :: ('MESH:C537064', 'Disease') :: ['endosalpingiosis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cyclic sciatica-like pain', 'cyclic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral plexus of the sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['cyclic leg pain']


abstract: AIMS: Abnormal accumulation of a-synuclein aggregates is one of the key pathological features of many neurodegenerative @entity717 and @entity303 . These pathological aggregates propagate into larger brain regions as the disease progresses, with the associated clinical symptoms becoming increasingly severe and complex. However, the factors that induce a-synuclein aggregation and spreading of the aggregates remain elusive. Herein, we have evaluated the effects of the major lipid peroxidation byproduct @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) on a-synuclein oligomerization and cell-to-cell transmission of this protein. RESULTS: Incubation with @entity13789 promoted the oligomerization of recombinant @entity1 a-synuclein via adduct formation at the @entity376 and @entity3793 residues. @entity13789 -induced a-synuclein oligomers evidence a little b-sheet structure and are distinct from amyloid fibrils at both conformation and ultrastructure levels. Nevertheless, the @entity13789 -induced oligomers are capable of seeding the amyloidogenesis of monomeric a-synuclein under in vitro conditions. When neuronal cells were treated with @entity13789 , both the translocation of a-synuclein into vesicles and the release of this protein from cells were increased. Neuronal cells can internalize @entity13789 -modified a-synuclein oligomers, and @entity13789 treatment increased the cell-to-cell transfer of a-synuclein proteins. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity13789 induces the oligomerization of a-synuclein through covalent modification and promotes the cell-to-cell transfer of seeding-capable oligomers, thereby contributing to both the initiation and spread of a-synuclein aggregates.

title: Lipid peroxidation product XXXX promotes seeding-capable oligomer formation and cell-to-cell transfer of a-synuclein.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']


abstract: The present study is an analysis of 747 @entity1 with @entity1276 , treated and followed up in the @entity1276 Clinic run by the department of Paediatric Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The distribution of @entity1 was: congenital-46%, post-meningomyelocoele excision-28%, post-meningitic-21% and others-5% (including post @entity548 and post encephalocoele excision @entity1276 . The average age was 7 months in the shunted group and 10 months in the medical group with overall male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The data were analysed to study the effect of treatment on @entity245 with special reference to the type of treatment (shunt versus medical) and age at starting treatment. The probability of shunt failure was also studied. A comparison of ventricular size in US/CAT scans between the time of starting treatment and last follow-up revealed improvement in @entity1276 in 60% of the shunted @entity1 but only 30% of the medically treated @entity1 . A significant difference was particularly noted in @entity1 with severe @entity1276 , 72% and 22%, respectively. Comparison of the mean Mental Performance Quotient (MPQ) scores in the shunted _ medically treated @entity1 also revealed significantly better MPQ scores in the shunted group (p = < 0.001). Probability of shunt survival, as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, revealed that there is a high rate of shunt failure in the first 12 months, followed by a dramatic slowing down. Our observations support the contention that CSF shunt surgery offers better outcome than medical management even when @entity1276 is severe at the time of presentation.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly and mental development']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic @entity281 are a public health problem in developing countries such as Mexico. As a result, two governmental programmes have been implemented: a) "National Deworming Campaign" and b) "Opportunities" aimed at maternal care. However, both programmes are developed separately and their impact is still unknown. We independently investigated whether a variety of socio-economic factors, including maternal education and employment levels, were associated with @entity11333 in rural school @entity1 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 rural communities in two Mexican states. The study sites and populations were selected on the basis of the following traits: a) presence of activities by the national administration of @entity3753 , b) high rates of @entity11333 , c) little access to medical examination, and d) a population having less than 2,500 inhabitants. A total of 507 schoolchildren (mean age 8.2 years) were recruited and 1,521 stool samples collected (3 per @entity1 ). Socio-economic information was obtained by an oral questionnaire. @entity2357 modelling was used to determine the association of socio-economic indicators and @entity11333 . RESULTS: More than half of the schoolchildren showed poliparasitism (52%) and @entity12354 (65%). The prevalence of @entity281 was higher in @entity1 from Oaxaca (53%) than in those from Sinaloa (33%) (p < 0.0001). @entity461 and @entity8921 nana showed a high prevalence in both states. @entity9124 , @entity13857 and Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar showed low prevalence. @entity1 from lower-income families and with unemployed and less educated mothers showed higher risk of @entity11333 (odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-22.6; OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.5-8.2; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.4 respectively). Defecation in open areas was also a high risk factor for @entity281 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0-3.0). CONCLUSION: @entity11333 remains an important public health problem in Sinaloa (north-western Mexico) and Oaxaca (south-eastern Mexico). Lower income, defecation in open areas, employment status and a lower education level of mothers were the significant factors related to these @entity281 . We conclude that mothers should be involved in health initiatives to control @entity11333 in Mexico.

title: Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic XXXX in Mexican rural schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasitism', 'Intestinal parasitism', 'intestinal parasite infection']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity8921 :: ('MESH:D006925', 'Disease') :: ['Hymenolepis']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['helminth infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['protozoan infections']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia duodenalis']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Naked-eye visual inspection of the cervix with @entity1543 wash (VIA), or cervicoscopy, is an alternative to cytology in screening for @entity5 in poorly resourced locations. We tested the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of VIA done by nurse-midwives in a less-developed country. METHODS: @entity1 were screened by six trained nurse-midwives in a two-phase, cross-sectional study at 15 primary-care clinics in Zimbabwe. VIA and Pap smears were done concurrently, and their sensitivity and specificity compared. Colposcopy, with biopsy as indicated, was used as the reference test to allow a direct comparison of the test unaffected by verification bias. FINDINGS: 10934 @entity1 were screened. In phase II, 2148 (97.5%) of the 2203 @entity1 for whom there was a screening result also had a reference test result. Also in phase II, VIA was more sensitive but less specific than cytology. Sensitivity (95% CI) was 76.7% (70.3-82.3) for VIA and 44.3% (37.3-51.4) for cytology. Specificity was 64.1% (61.9-66.2) for VIA and 90.6% (89.2-91.9) for cytology. INTERPRETATION: The high sensitivity of VIA shows that the test could be valuable in detection of @entity1613 of the cervix. However, there are costs to the @entity1 and system costs associated with high numbers of false-positive results, so attention should be given to improving the specificity of VIA.

title: Visual inspection with XXXX for @entity5 screening: test qualities in a primary-care setting. University of Zimbabwe/JHPIEGO Cervical @entity5 Project.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic-acid']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: A reproducible experimental model of @entity1320 in @entity35 has been devised in order to simulate @entity1320 in @entity1 . Pre-operatively, the @entity35 were fed lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of @entity1 . A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end @entity254 . The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of @entity23381 with the combination of @entity801 plus @entity868 . Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within three days. Animals treated with @entity23381 or @entity801 plus @entity868 had significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only two animals in the two treatment groups died. @entity23381 seems to be as useful as @entity801 plus @entity868 in the treatment of @entity1320 .

title: Efficacy of @entity23381 , a new carbapenem, in the treatment of experimentally induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis', 'intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: Two new simple and selective assay methods have been presented for the analysis of @entity55375 (EPR) and @entity918 (HCT) in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method is based on first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry with zero-crossing measurements at 246 and 279 nm for EPR and HCT, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 3.0-14.0   g/mL for EPR and 1.0-12.0   g/mL for HCT. The quantification limits for EPR and HCT were found to be 1.148 and 0.581   g/mL, respectively, while the detection limits were 0.344   g/mL for EPR and 0.175   g/mL for HCT. The second method involved isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a mobile phase composed of @entity1626 -10 mM @entity8718 (pH 2.5) (40:60, v/v). @entity9885 was used as internal standard and the substances were detected at 272 nm. The linearity ranges were found to be 0.5-30 and 0.3-15.0   g/mL for EPR and HCT, respectively. The limits of detection were found to be 0.121   g/mL for EPR and 0.045   g/mL for HCT. The limits of quantification were found to be 0.405 and 0.148   g/mL for EPR and HCT, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of commercially available tablets with a high percentage of recovery and good accuracy and precision.

title: Determination of XXXX and @entity918 in tablets by derivative spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods.

entities_list: @entity55375 :: ('CHEBI:48409', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan mesylate']

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['Olmesartan']

answer: @entity55375 :: (CHEBI:48409,Chemical) :: ['eprosartan mesylate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To further evaluate the safety, efficacy and optimal dose of @entity4677 (LEV) in daily clinical practice among @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity302 with or without secondary generalization. METHODS: In this phase IV, open-label, 16-week community-based study, 178 at least 16-year-old @entity1 with @entity1625 were treated with 1000, 2000 or 3000 mg levetiracetam as adjunctive therapy. All @entity1 started with 500 mg LEV b.i.d. (1000 mg/day); the dose was adjusted in 2-week intervals up to 1500 b.i.d. (3000 mg/day) depending on @entity410 control and tolerability. The main objectives were the adverse events, the percentage reduction in partial and total @entity410 frequency per week from baseline and the retention rate, defined as the percentage of @entity1 taking LEV at the end of the 16-week treatment period. RESULTS: Of the 178 @entity1 who took at least one dose of LEV 151 completed the study. Thus, the retention rate (number of @entity1 taking LEV at the end of the 16-week treatment period) was 84.8%. Most frequently reported adverse events were @entity1395 , @entity1296 , @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity2147 and hostility; the majority of these events were of mild to moderate intensity. The @entity410 -free rate of the ITT population with focal @entity410 was 16.7%, for all @entity410 16.6%; the median reduction of focal @entity410 frequency was 47.6%, and 46.5% for all @entity410 . The 50% responder rate was 46.6% for focal @entity410 and 45.1% for all @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Add-on treatment with LEV in @entity1 with refractory @entity302 was safe and effective in this study.

title: Levetiracetam in @entity1 with XXXX : results of the SKATE trial in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['refractory focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When C2C12 pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cells are treated with @entity641 ( @entity641 ), terminal differentiation into myotubes is blocked. Treatment with @entity8385 ( @entity8385 ) not only blocks myogenic differentiation but also induces osteoblastic differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the ability of @entity641 and BMP to induce ligand-specific responses and inhibit myogenic differentiation are not known. The objective of our studies was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that block myoblastic differentiation and induce osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. METHODS: Induction of @entity2447 / @entity2447 / @entity2447 by @entity641 and BMP was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Northern blot analysis. C2C12 cells stably expressing @entity2447 or Smad, or both, were established, and the role of these genes in the process of osteoblastic differentiation was analyzed by examining the expression of osteoblast-specific markers. RESULTS: Treatment of C2C12 with @entity641 and BMP-induced @entity2447 / @entity52038 alphaA/ @entity2447 , a global regulator of osteogenesis. Cooperation between @entity2447 and BMP-activated Smad induced osteoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity641 and BMP activate transcription of @entity2447 , which is sufficient to inhibit myogenesis. To induce osteogenesis, BMP-induced @entity2447 must cooperate with BMP-activated Smads.

title: Intimate relationship between XXXX /BMP signaling and runt domain transcription factor, @entity52038 /CBF.

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity8385 :: ('12156(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2', 'BMP-2']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of @entity356 has not yet met with widespread acceptance; thus, it should be regarded as still in the developmental phase. Nevertheless, the laparoscopic approach appears to have some valuable advantages for the management of @entity356 @entity1 , and it can be expected to have a dramatic impact on public health expenditures. Herein we present the results of our experience with laparoscopic and laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomies for @entity5 , and we discuss the role of these procedures in current surgical practice. METHODS: Between June 1993 and November 1997, we performed a total of 13 laparoscopic procedures on 13 @entity1 affected with @entity356 . There were eight male and five female @entity1 with a mean age of 65.4 years (range, 42-78). All @entity1 were staged preoperatively with US and CT scan and required to sign a formal consent. RESULTS: Altogether we performed nine D1 laparoscopic total gastrectomies, seven of which were done with a laparoscopy-assisted approach; three D2 laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomies, associated in one case with a distal pancreasectomy; and one laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy performed on a morbid @entity28 @entity1 . The preliminary laparoscopic staging allowed for a better definition of @entity5 extension and identification of undetected hepatic metastases in two @entity1 . The mean duration of the intervention was 240 min. Blood losses were as high as 300 cc on average. We recorded one major @entity3816 , consisting of an inadvertent @entity99 , which was successfully repaired by the same laparoscopic route. The postoperative course was uneventful in all @entity1 but one, who died of @entity879 on day 6. At a mean follow-up of 27.5 months, 11 @entity1 are still alive. Two of them have hepatic metastases and nine are disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: Although they remain challenging procedures, laparoscopic gastrectomies appear to be oncologically adequate. We believe that a pure laparoscopic approach should be reserved for low-stage lesions (N0, up to T2), while a combined approach is preferable for locally advanced @entity5 (N1 or higher, T3 or higher). Much work still needs to be done to establish the optimal strategy in both open and laparoscopic surgery, but laparoscopy can be a valuable tool in the decision-making process for @entity1 affected with @entity356 .

title: Minimally invasive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the proper hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity262 ( @entity262 ) allows calculation of the vessel coordinates in real space within the @entity1 's chest for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, its impact on the procedural parameters and clinical outcomes is still a matter of debate. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Studies exploring the advantages of @entity262 were identified in English-language articles by search of Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Databases (inception to October 2015). A standardized protocol was used to extract details on study design, region origin, demographic data, lesion type, and clinical outcomes. The main outcome measures were contrast consumption, procedural success rate, contrast used for wire crossing, procedure time to cross the lesions, and the fluoroscopy time fluoroscopy time. A total of 12 clinical trials involving 2174 @entity1 were included for analysis (902 @entity1 in the magnetic PCI group and 1272 in the conventional PCI group). Overall, contrast consumption was decreased by 40.45mL (95% confidence interval [CI] -70.98 to -9.92, P=0.009) in magnetic PCI group compared with control group. In addition, magnetic PCI was associated with significantly decreasing procedural time by 2.17minutes (95% CI -3.91 to -0.44, P=0.01) and the total fluoroscopy time was significantly decreased by 1.43minutes (95% CI -2.29 to -0.57, P=0.001) in magnetic PCI group. However, procedural success rate, contrast used for wire crossing, procedure time to cross the lesions, and the fluoroscopy time to cross the lesions demonstrated that no statistically difference was observed between 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis indicated an improvement of overall contrast consumption, total procedural time, and fluoroscopy time in magnetic PCI group. However, no significant advantages were observed associated with procedural success rate.

title: XXXX for percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Magnetic navigation system', 'MNS']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Magnetic navigation system']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare postprandial blood @entity413 levels with gastric emptying (GE) time after intake of a solid and a nutrient liquid meal in @entity1 with unstable, @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The subjects studied were 15 @entity1 with long-standing @entity1723 who during the last year repeatedly reported unexplained episodes of instability in their blood @entity413 regulation, including @entity4053 . All @entity1 were on a meal-administered, fast-acting @entity2690 regimen. As control group, 19 healthy subjects were studied. GE was measured at two separate occasions, using a gamma camera after intake of either a solid or a nutrient liquid, isotope-labeled meal. Measurement of GE was done directly after meal completion and at 30-min intervals for 2 h. @entity2690 was taken 30 min before intake of the meal. Blood @entity413 was measured 30 min before the meal, after meal completion and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after start of the meal. All @entity1 were evaluated for evidence of @entity4148 and were asked for signs of @entity344 . RESULTS: Seven (44%) of the @entity1 had significantly delayed emptying of the solid meal (three @entity1 , four @entity1 ) (P < 0.01), of whom one @entity1 also had delayed emptying of the liquid meal compared with the healthy control subjects. Changes in blood @entity413 concentration were correlated to GE time with, in the group with delayed GE, a significant fall after the solid meal compared with the liquid meal (P < 0.05). The lag phase was prolonged in the @entity1 compared with the @entity1 , reaching significance in the @entity1 group (P < 0.01). The @entity1 , @entity1 as well as control subjects, had throughout the study a prolonged emptying time compared with the @entity1 after both the solid and the liquid meal. No correlation between GE and blood @entity413 concentration could be found. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed GE of a solid meal is commonly found in @entity1 with @entity1723 and may be one cause of unstable blood @entity413 regulation. @entity1 , @entity1 as well as control subjects, seem to have a more prolonged GE than @entity1 . Awareness of gastric function in @entity1 with @entity1723 is essential, especially in @entity1 treated with meal-administered, fast-acting @entity2690 .

title: Prevalence and determinants of solid and liquid gastric emptying in unstable XXXX . Relationship to postprandial blood @entity413 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To report our experience of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) discovered during abdominal exploration in @entity1 with liver @entity3 (LM). METHODS: Liver resection plus cytoreductive surgery were combined in 24 @entity1 with LM and moderate @entity298 from colorectal origin treated with a curative intent between January 1993 and November 2003. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 357+/-112 min and median @entity190 was 719 ml. One @entity204 occurred and postoperative morbidity was 58%. The mean hospital stay was 21.4+/-4.2 days. Three-year overall and disease-free survival rates were respectively 41.5% (confidence interval [CI]: 23-63) and 23.6% (CI: 11-45). Seven @entity1 are disease-free with a mean follow-up of 27.8 months after their last surgery, 3 having a repeated hepatectomy. Three @entity1 developed a peritoneal recurrence and 13 had recurrence in the liver. The only significant prognostic factor was a number of LMs of less than 3 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: A combined treatment of LM plus @entity298 is feasible and is beneficial in selected @entity1 presenting three or fewer @entity3 .

title: Treatment of XXXX and liver @entity3 from colorectal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: Spatial cognition and memory are critical cognitive skills underlying foraging behaviors for all primates. While the emergence of these skills has been the focus of much research on @entity1 @entity1 , little is known about ontogenetic patterns shaping spatial cognition in other species. Comparative developmental studies of nonhuman apes can illuminate which aspects of @entity1 spatial development are shared with other primates, versus which aspects are unique to our lineage. Here we present three studies examining spatial memory development in our closest living relatives, @entity831 ( @entity831 ) and @entity4839 ( @entity4839 ). We first compared memory in a naturalistic foraging task where apes had to recall the location of resources hidden in a large outdoor enclosure with a variety of landmarks (Studies 1 and 2). We then compared older apes using a matched memory choice paradigm (Study 3). We found that @entity831 exhibited more accurate spatial memory than @entity4839 across contexts, supporting predictions from these species' different feeding ecologies. Furthermore, @entity831 - but not @entity4839 - showed developmental improvements in spatial memory, indicating that @entity4839 exhibit cognitive paedomorphism (delays in developmental timing) in their spatial abilities relative to @entity831 . Together, these results indicate that the development of spatial memory may differ even between closely related species. Moreover, changes in the spatial domain can emerge during nonhuman ape ontogeny, much like some changes seen in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity4839 exhibit divergent spatial memory development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4839 :: ('9597', 'Species') :: ['bonobos', 'P. paniscus']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Chimpanzees']


abstract: The efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) and intra-arterial (i.a.) thrombolysis for hyperacute @entity64 has made " @entity75 " a treatable emergency. The addition of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to @entity64 has both increased our knowledge of @entity64 pathophysiology and brought a tool to study how to best select @entity1 for thrombolytic therapy. MR offers the three essential components: vascular lesion identification, delineation of injured brain tissue, and map of @entity63 brain. MR angiography can demonstrate the site of major @entity432 , providing a means to screen for i.a. thrombolysis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is capable of showing @entity63 within minutes of symptom onset. Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) shows the total area of acute @entity63 , more accurately reflecting the extent of @entity51 . Combining DWI and PWI immediately gives information that bears on how much tissue is injured (DWI) and how much tissue is functionally inactive but still viable ( @entity63 on PWI but still normal on DWI). A number of important questions remain, but current knowledge of natural history of @entity64 with MRI has provided a framework for comparing new therapeutic interventions. Ideally, @entity1 treatment in the future will be tailored not to a fixed time window but to the physiological state of the @entity63 tissue as defined by MRI.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX : clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke investigation', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain attack']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of intraoperative frozen sections (IFSs) for surgical staging of @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on 784 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1204 who were undergoing a hysterectomy at our institution from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2008. The need for surgical staging was decided through @entity10759 using 4 variables: @entity5 size, histologic grade, histologic subtype, and depth of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The @entity10759 results were compared with the permanent paraffin sections (PSs) to assess for discordances. RESULTS: In 30 of the 784 cases (4%), the @entity14554 pathology report was amended with discordant results. In addition, a definitive diagnosis of the 4 parameters was deferred to @entity14554 in 53 cases (7%), of which 30 (4%) were concordant and 23 (3%) were discordant. @entity10759 -related deviations from the prescribed surgical algorithm occurred in 10 cases (1.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.6%-2.3%). Of these 10 cases, 3 were amendments after @entity14554 review and 7 were @entity10759 deferrals for definitive @entity14554 interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant discordance between @entity10759 and @entity14554 occurred in only 1.3% of cases. Despite skepticism expressed in the medical literature, @entity10759 provides highly reliable data to guide intraoperative treatment decisions at institutions with sufficient pathologic expertise.

title: A prospective assessment of the reliability of frozen section to direct intraoperative decision making in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion', 'MI']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: As improved understanding of transplant-related @entity204 should improve survival, we report a single center's experience with pediatric heart transplantation including potential risk factors and causes of @entity204 during the early postoperative period. This prospective longitudinal study involved 51 pediatric @entity1 ranging in age from 12 days to 15.1 yr (median: 3 yr). The following pretransplant risk factors were evaluated: diagnosis, age at transplantation, recipient sex, weight and blood type, blood type match, donor/recipient sex match, weight ratio, ischemic time, recipient's status, requirement for mechanical ventilation or circulatory support, dialysis, or inotropic support at transplantation. We also determined the actuarial survival, clinical outcomes, and causes of @entity204 in this population. Survival was 86% during the early postoperative period (</=30 days), 79.3% at 1 yr, and 76.8% at 3 yr. Seven @entity1 died during the early postoperative period (primary graft failure, rejection, and @entity281 ). However, there was no difference in the frequency of any of the risk factors analyzed between these @entity1 and those who did not experience early @entity204 . There was a correlation between the duration of intubation after transplantation and pretransplant risk factors (diagnosis, recipient status, requirement for dialysis, inotropic and mechanical ventilation support). Our findings indicate that promising short-term results can be obtained with pediatric transplantation. Although we identified no specific risk factors in this study for @entity204 , improved rejection surveillance and treatment strategies remain important goals in pediatric heart transplantation. Retransplantation had high mortality during the perioperative period.

title: Heart transplantation in XXXX : clinical outcome during the early postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reluctance to use organs from donors who have died from severe @entity281 is based on the potential transmission of an infectious agent to the recipient and on the uncertainty about allograft function in the setting of severe donor @entity295 . METHODS: From 1999 to 2007, donor hospital records were reviewed which focused on microbiology cultures and sensitivity results; type and duration of antimicrobial therapy; hemodynamic data, results of echocardiogram, and imaging studies. Preliminary positive and negative results from pre-harvest blood, respiratory, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were verified with the procurement agency. The harvesting surgeon performed gross inspection of donor valvular structures. RESULTS: Nine donor hearts were transplanted from @entity1 who expired from community onset @entity281 with severe @entity326 , @entity693 , and/or @entity55 caused by @entity328 (n = 4), @entity328 milleri (n = 2), @entity3631 (n = 2), and unidentified gram- positive cocci (n = 1). Four donors had probable infection-induced @entity932 , and all donors were vasopressor-dependent before organ procurement. No evidence of donor-transmitted infection, @entity295 , or rejection was observed, and long-term function remained excellent; allograft dysfunction in three @entity1 resolved after transplant. Our series of nine donors represents approximately 1.3% of successfully transplanted cardiac allografts during the respective period of review. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 succumbing to severe @entity281 ( @entity693 , @entity55 , and @entity326 ) should not be arbitrarily excluded for possible heart donation. Assessing the suitability of donors with severe @entity281 requires flawless communication between the donor and transplant facility, including a comprehensive evaluation of donor infection and pathogen(s), severity of @entity295 , adequacy of antimicrobial treatment, and the degree of @entity295 -induced @entity296 .

title: Use of hearts transplanted from donors with severe XXXX and infectious deaths.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Streptococcus']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: We investigated in vivo expression of @entity3999 heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, 17 kDa @entity3999 light chain (MLC17), and phosphorylation of the 20 kDa @entity52687 ( @entity52687 ) as well as mechanical performance of chemically skinned fibers of normal and @entity1184 smooth muscle (SM) of @entity1 myometrium. According to their immunological reactivity, we identified three MHC isoenzymes in the @entity1 myometrium: two @entity5400 ( @entity895 with 204 kDa and @entity3578 with 200 kDa), and one non-muscle specific MHC (NM with 196 kDa). No cross-reactivity was detected with an antibody raised against a peptide corresponding to a seven @entity535 insert at the 25K/50K junction of the @entity3999 head (a-25K/50K) in both normal and @entity1184 myometrium. In contrast, @entity5400 of @entity1 myomatous tissue strongly reacted with a-25K/50K. Expression of @entity895 / @entity3578 /NM (%) in normal myometrium was 31.7/34.7/33.6 and 35.1/40.9/24 in @entity1184 myometrium. The increased @entity3578 and decreased NM expression in the @entity1184 state was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MHC isoform distribution in myomatous tissue was similar to normal myometrium (36.3/35.3/29.4). In vivo expression of MLC17a increased from 25.5% in normal to 44.2% in @entity1184 (P < 0.001) myometrium. Phosphorylation levels of @entity52687 upon maximal @entity141 -calmodulin activation of skinned myometrial fibers were the same in normal and @entity1184 myometrial fibers. Maximal force of isometric contraction of skinned fibers (pCa 4.5, slack-length) was 2.85 mN/mm2 and 5.6 mN/mm2 in the normal and @entity1184 state, respectively (P < 0.001). Apparent maximal shortening velocity (Vmax(appt), extrapolated from the force-velocity relation) of myometrium rose from 0.13 muscle length s-1 (ML/s) in normal to 0.24 ML/s in @entity1184 fibers (P < 0.001).

title: Alternative splicing and cycling kinetics of XXXX change during hypertrophy of @entity1 smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: After improvement of technical equipment continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is more and more used in the diagnosis of @entity101 . New fully automatic systems permit a reliable registration and evaluation of 24-h blood pressure profiles. Typical circadian rhythmics of blood pressure, independent of a variability with different grades of activity, can be demonstrated in normotensive @entity1 and also in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . @entity1 with secondary forms of @entity101 show a nivellation or offset of circadian blood pressure rhythmics. A study was performed to examine the antihypertensive efficacy of the @entity460 antagonist @entity9805 , the @entity2161 -selective blocker @entity1406 , the beta-blocker with intrinsic activity Mepindolol and the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity4688 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 over a period of 6 month. Continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed before and after 6 month of therapy. 98 of 299 included @entity1 broke off therapy, 47 of those because of side effects. @entity918 was given additionally if the antihypertensive effect of monotherapy was not sufficient after a period of 4 weeks. Morning blood pressure controls at the end of the treatment period showed normotensive values in all groups without significant differences between the groups before and at the end of the treatment period. The number of prescriptions of diuretics necessary to achieve normotension differed between the four treatment groups: @entity9805 (n = 5), @entity1406 (n = 7), @entity16986 (n = 14), @entity4688 (n = 20). In contrast to the morning blood pressure values the continuous 24-h blood pressure monitoring demonstrated significant differences between the therapy groups. @entity1406 turned out as most effective in lowering blood pressure and in reducing the number of systolic blood pressure peaks above 180 mmHg, but on the other hand showed the highest incidence of relative @entity551 (less than 100 mmHg systolic, less than 80 mmHg diastolic). Mepindolol demonstrated a significant lower efficacy. In the Nitrendipin group least of all prescriptions of diuretics were necessary and the lowest number of @entity551 systolic blood pressure values occurred. @entity4688 showed the most significant reduction of diastolic values above 100 mmHg and the lowest number of diastolic values below 80 mmHg, but the highest number of prescription of diuretics was necessary in the @entity4688 group. In none of the four therapy groups a neutralisation of circadian blood pressure rhythmics was demonstrable.

title: [Ambulatory continuous 24-hour blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and therapy of arterial @entity101 and modification by the antihypertensive agents @entity4688 , XXXX , @entity16986 and @entity9805 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity16986 :: ('MESH:C015340', 'Chemical') :: ['Mepindolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many potential causative factors are related to the initiation and progression of @entity2530 of the femoral head. The aim of this research was to investigate the etiology and clinical features of @entity2530 of the femoral head in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: From January 1990 to July 2011, 643 cases of @entity2530 of the femoral head were investigated retrospectively to analyze the potential causative factors, age, gender, latency period, time from the onset of @entity158 to diagnosis, and Association Research Circulation Osseous stage. RESULTS: Of 643 cases, 315 cases were bilateral and 328 cases were unilateral, with an average age of (47.55    15.27) years. In the @entity134 -induced group, the average age at symptom onset was (41.80    15.47) years, and the median duration from taking @entity134 to the onset of @entity158 was 36 months. The underlying diseases in the @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of the femoral head group consisted of @entity792 , of which @entity1252 was the most common. In the @entity167 -induced group, the average age at onset of symptoms was (48.06    11.90) years and the median time of habitual @entity167 use was 240 months. In the traumatic group, the average age was (51.43    14.23) years and the median time from trauma to the onset of @entity158 was 20 months. In the idiopathic group, the average age was (50.33    15.88) years. Of the total of 958 hips, 647 were at stage III or IV. The stage at diagnosis was earlier in the @entity134 -induced group than in the @entity167 -induced, traumatic, or idiopathic groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 use is the most common cause for @entity2530 of the femoral head in this study. The age at diagnosis, time from the onset of @entity158 to diagnosis, and stage were significantly earlier in the @entity134 -induced group.

title: Etiological and clinical analysis of @entity2530 of the femoral head in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and other diseases']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate (i) the demineralizing effect of @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) therapy at doses mildly inhibiting serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in @entity1 with @entity4383 ; (ii) the efficacy of treatment on nodule size. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study comparing euthyroid @entity1 with @entity4383 treated with @entity2016 for > or = 2 years (52 +/- 32 months, range 24-138, median 42) and a matched group with untreated goitre. SUBJECTS: A total of 89 female outpatients (53.3 +/- 9 years; 36 pre- and 53 postmenopausal), 43 treated and 46 untreated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bone mineralization was measured with total body and regional mineralometry [dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)], and indirectly evaluated with biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin). Efficacy of @entity2016 therapy was assessed by measuring the nodule size during ultrasonography. The adequacy of the treatment was evaluated on the basis of serum TSH levels. RESULTS: No significant differences were found at DEXA for total body and regional mineralization (P > 0.05 for all comparisons) in treated and untreated @entity1 , both in pre- and postmenopausal states. Evaluation of the nodule size during the ultrasound scan showed a reduction of > or = 30% in 11 of 43 treated @entity1 (26%) versus none of the untreated, an unchanged size in 29 treated @entity1 (67%) versus 18 untreated, an increase of nodules and/or new nodule development in three treated @entity1 (7%) versus 28 untreated (61%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) treatment at doses slightly suppressing TSH does not significantly affect bone mineralization, nor does it represent a risk factor for @entity170 , even in postmenopausal @entity1 . The efficacy of this therapeutic schedule on goitre size is comparable with the effects previously reported with suppressive doses.

title: Treatment of XXXX with mildly suppressive doses of @entity1955 : effects on bone mineral density and on nodule size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['benign nodular goitre', 'nodular goitre']

answer: @entity4383 :: (MESH:D020518,Disease) :: ['benign nodular goitre']


abstract: A neutral protease with an estimated Mr of about 26 kD and responsible for cleavage ofmyosin LC2 was isolated from hamster skeletal muscle. Complementary DNAs were generated by RT-PCR using total hamster muscle RNA and degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the sequences of two internal peptides. The @entity377 sequences of the resultant cDNAs were subsequently determined and the complete @entity535 sequence of the protease deduced. Although the hamster protein shared 63-85% identity in @entity377 and @entity535 sequences with @entity35 and @entity19 mast cell proteases, it had a higher degree of specificity for myosin LC2 than mast cell proteases which also digested myosin LC1 and myosin heavy chains. As a result, the hamster protease was designated mekratin because of its unique enzymatic specificities to distinguish it from other mast cell proteases. A polyclonal antibody was raised specific to the hamster muscle and @entity1 cardiac muscle mekratins without apparent cross-reaction with @entity35 mast cell proteases. We have earlier demonstrated the presence in excess of a neutral protease that specifically cleaves LC2 in @entity1 hearts obtained at end stage @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). Western analyses revealed that heart tissue from @entity1 with @entity1000 contained 5-10 fold more mekratin than control samples. Furthermore, the level of the protease in @entity1 @entity1000 tissues was similar to that seen in @entity121 . No bands were recognized by the antibody when @entity1000 myofibrils were probed due to the removal of soluble proteins during sample preparation. Thus, these results strongly suggest that the anti-mekratin antibody will provide positive identification of @entity1000 in many cases and diagnosis by exclusion may be replaced.

title: Cloning of the cDNA and XXXX sequence of a skeletal muscle protease from myopathic hamsters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic hamster skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: @entity299 is associated with @entity527 in @entity299 which also show the thickening of leaflets and cusps. This study examined @entity527 on @entity299 to investigate the possible involvement in @entity340 in 17 @entity1 with @entity1582 (12 males and 5 females aged 44 to 82, mean 66.4 years) in the autopsy files of the National Cardiovascular Center between 1980 and 1993. All four @entity299 were examined histologically using @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Congo red stains with polarization. All cusps and leaflets were divided into six segments and all segments of each cusp and leaflet were scored for the proportional area of amyloid deposit (from 0 to 3). The immunohistochemical types of @entity1131 were immunoglobulin light chain-related ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 in 16 cases, and @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) @entity2783 in one case. Twelve of 16 cases with @entity1582 were subclassified as @entity1582 lambda type and 4 were subclassified as @entity1582 kappa type. In the @entity340 , the atrial side of basal portion showed the most remarkable @entity527 among the six segments. In the semilunar valves, @entity527 were mild in the tip and middle portions. Among the @entity1 with @entity1582 , those with @entity1582 lambda type amyloid appeared to have greater deposits than those with @entity1582 kappa type amyloid. Mitral valves appearing abnormal by echocardiography had greater @entity527 . However, considering other factors affecting valvular function, the relationship between the localization or the degree of @entity527 and @entity340 was unclear.

title: [Histopathological study of valvular deposits of amyloid protein in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid proteins']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'systemic amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'amyloid A-related']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac amyloidosis', 'cardiac valves']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic valvular abnormalities', 'endocardiographic valvular abnormalities', 'atrioventricular valve leaflets']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']


abstract: The validity of two malingering tests, the newly developed Amsterdam Short-Term Memory (ASTM) test and the Distraction test (Baker, Hanley, Jackson, Kimmance, _ Slade, 1993) was examined in a group of @entity1 with @entity6075 ( @entity6075 ), a normal control group, and a control group with instruction to feign @entity2414 . Both control groups consisted of first-degree relatives of the @entity1 . The ASTM test is a forced-choice verbal memory test, based on the technique of symptom validity testing. Stimulus material was chosen from category norms and chance level is not transparent. The @entity6075 and normal control groups scored near ceiling on the ASTM test, whereas the feigned deficit group scored significantly worse. The ASTM test classified all subjects correctly. Contrary to expectation, the Distraction test appeared to be invalid. The score profiles of the @entity6075 and feigning groups on conventional memory and concentration tests were indistinguishable from each other. Thus, the ASTM test may be very useful for the detection of malingering and other kinds of less than optimal performance. The test may readily be constructed in any language for which category norms are available.

title: Amsterdam Short-Term Memory test: a new procedure for the detection of feigned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed-head injury', 'CHI']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']