abstract: Clients with acquired @entity1545 often demonstrate @entity4372 and decreased function in their upper limbs, requiring appropriate intervention. Splinting is one of the intervention methods that is widely used to address these issues. Literature shows that some clients are not using splints following fabrication. However, there is a paucity of research about the factors that influence clients to use or not use splints. This study aims to investigate these influential factors for clients with @entity3140 . Two survey tools including therapist and client questionnaires were developed and completed by both therapists and clients. Six therapists and 14 clients participated in this study and completed the relevant questionnaires. The results illustrate that most clients (13 out of 14) were continuing to use their splints four weeks following discharge from hospital. The main goals of choosing splints for both therapists and clients were prevention of @entity1159 and @entity85 . The most indicated client reasons for adhering to the splint wearing program were therapist-related factors including clients' trust and reliance on their therapists. Further reasons for clients implementing the recommended splint-wearing program and clinical implications are discussed.

title: Do clients with acquired XXXX use the splints prescribed by occupational therapists? A descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb hypertonicity']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonicity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a thin fibrous connective tissue located between two mineralized tissues, alveolar bone and cementum, which maintains a constant width physiologically. The mechanisms by which PDL resists mineralization are not well understood. Twist is a basic helix loop helix protein that plays a central role in regulation of early osteogenesis. We investigated the localization of Twist in PDL and compared the expression of Twist and osteoblast-related genes in PDL cells with those in osteoblast-like cells in the presence or absence of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 . Histochemical analysis showed that Twist was expressed along alveolar bone surface in PDL. PDL cells constitutively expressed Twist gene and the expression level was higher than that in osteoblast-like cells. In osteoblast-like cell culture, @entity1841 enhanced osteoblast-related gene expression, while Twist expression was slightly decreased. In contrast, @entity1841 increased runt-related transcription factor (Runx)-2, but failed to enhance @entity623 ( @entity623 ) and @entity12502 ( @entity12502 ) gene expression in PDL cells. Interestingly, unlike in osteoblast-like cells, Twist expression was upregulated by @entity1841 in PDL cells. We transiently knocked down Twist gene in PDL cells using a short interference RNA expression vector (siTwist) and found that @entity623 , @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ), @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) genes expression and basal level of @entity623 activity were slightly increased, whereas @entity8087 and @entity12502 genes were not affected. Collectively, these results suggest that Twist may act as a negative regulator of osteoblastic differentiation in PDL cells.

title: Twist negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation in XXXX periodontal ligament cells.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2', 'BMP-2']

entities_list: @entity16240 :: ('3381', 'Gene') :: ['bone sialoprotein', 'BSP']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We report the results of clinical and microbiological investigations on @entity5125 infections in a flock of 55 @entity742 and describe the implications for the safety of the raw milk and raw-milk cheeses produced in the on-farm dairy. The outbreak was caused by feeding grass silage, which was contaminated with 5 log10 CFU @entity5125 /g. Clinically, although having been fed from the same batch of silage, abortive (nine ewes), @entity1394 (one ewe) and septicaemic (four ewes) forms of listeriosis were observed during the outbreak phase. As the starting point of feeding the contaminated silage was known we could calculate an incubation period of 18+/-2 and 26 days for the abortive and the @entity1394 form of listeriosis, respectively. Pathologically, the septicaemic cases suffered from Listeria accumulation at comparable numbers in visceral organs but not in the brain. Only a single ewe developed @entity149 and a rhomb- @entity198 was immunohistologically confirmed. In this case the @entity281 proceeded from the nasal mucosa into the brain, with no infections of the liver, spleen and other visceral organs. Sampling of the cheese production chain, the farm environment and the @entity1 living at the farm revealed the exposure of a farm-worker to an isolate genetically indistinguishable from the outbreak clone, obviously through the consumption of faecally contaminated @entity291 raw milk. The cheese under processing was free of Listeria because, as a result of intensive consultations, the farmer ensured a proper acidification of the cheese. The epidemiological findings suggest that food safety matters should be assessed in any case where @entity281 of food-producing animals with potential @entity1 pathogens is observed.

title: Outbreak of clinical listeriosis in XXXX : evaluation from possible contamination routes from feed to raw produce and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitic']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Roquinimex ( @entity10709 ) has been demonstrated to suppress @entity5 growth in animal models. The effect is at least in part related to enhanced numbers and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. In this clinical pilot study, roquinimex was given at increasing doses (0.05 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg) to 13 @entity1 (performance status 0-3) with various @entity5 . Immunology parameters were followed and side effects were observed during the study. The plasma pharmacokinetics of roquinimex was studied at the 0.2 mg/kg dose level. The clinical side effects were dominated by musculoskeletal discomfort, @entity390 , and @entity158 . No significant hematological or biochemical @entity137 was observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis at the 0.2 mg/kg dose level revealed a Cmax of 4.0 mumol/L at tmax of 1.2 hr and an elimination half-life of 42 hr. Increased numbers of phenotypic NK cells, activated T (DR+CD4+) cells, and monocytes were observed after administration of roquinimex compared with pretreatment values. Roquinimex seems to be an active immunomodulator with manageable @entity137 . Further exploration of therapeutic efficacy is warranted.

title: The first clinical pilot study of roquinimex ( @entity10709 ) in XXXX @entity1 with special focus on immunological effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Psychological problems are relatively common in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . It is unclear whether exercise training exerts an effect on quality of life, symptoms of @entity308 , symptoms of @entity148 and emotional well-being in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the effects of exercise training on these outcomes in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. The review included @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of at least 4 weeks' duration in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 that evaluated the effect of exercise training on quality of life, symptoms of @entity308 , symptoms of @entity148 and/or emotional well-being compared with usual care. RESULTS: Of 1,261 retrieved articles, 20 @entity23 were included with a total of 1,719 @entity1 . Quality of life was assessed in 16 studies. Between-group comparisons showed no significant results for aerobic training with the exception of one study, and mixed results for resistance and combined training. Symptoms of @entity308 were assessed in four studies. In only one study did the intervention decrease symptoms of @entity308 . Emotional well-being was evaluated in four studies, which also showed conflicting results. Symptoms of @entity148 were evaluated in one study, which showed a significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The effects of exercise training on psychological outcomes in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 are conflicting. Therefore, there is a need for further high-quality @entity23 in order to gain greater insight into the role of exercise training in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Effects of exercise training on quality of life, symptoms of XXXX , symptoms of @entity6 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The recent development of a transgenic @entity35 bearing the @entity19 @entity15656 @entity3449 gene [ @entity3277 (mRen2)27] has provided a new monogenetic model of @entity101 . Other @entity101 @entity35 strains are characterized by a blunted pressure-diuresis-natriuresis response such that higher renal perfusion pressures are required to excrete normal amounts of water and @entity1372 . Dysfunction of the @entity3449 -angiotensin and @entity842 systems may cause in this abnormality. This study examined the effect of @entity4688 on the pressure-natriuresis response and urinary @entity842 metabolite excretion in 6-month-old @entity3277 (mRen2)27 @entity35 . The slope of the line relating renal perfusion pressure and urine flow rate in @entity3277 (0.08+/-0.01 microl x min(-1) x g kidney weight(-1) mm Hg[-1]) was significantly lower than that in control @entity35 (0.15+/-0.01 microl x min(-1) x g kidney weight(-1) mm Hg[-1]). Pressure-natriuresis responses were also shifted to higher pressure levels in @entity3277 . Treatment with @entity4688 for 3 months lowered the mean arterial pressure from 94+/-2 to 84+/-4 mm Hg in control @entity35 and from 146+/-3 to 89+/-3 mm Hg in @entity3277 . The slopes of lines relating renal perfusion pressure and urine flow rate as well as @entity1372 excretion were significantly increased by @entity4688 in control and transgenic animals. Urinary @entity842 metabolite excretion rose similarly with increasing renal perfusion pressure in both control and @entity3277 @entity35 and was not affected by @entity4688 . These results confirm that older @entity3277 @entity35 have a blunted pressure-diuresis-natriuresis response that can be corrected by inhibition of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system and suggest that their production of @entity842 is normal.

title: @entity4688 and pressure-diuresis in XXXX @entity35 transgenic for @entity19 @entity3449 gene.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rat', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Several metastasizing @entity19 and @entity1 animal models for @entity263 are available. However, these models are @entity342 -independent and lack differentiated features such as @entity342 receptor and @entity342 -regulated gene expression like prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to develop a metastasizing @entity263 model with differentiated features using the @entity1 LNCaP cell line. Athymic and @entity915 @entity19 were injected either s.c. or intraprostatically with 1 x 10(6) LNCaP cells. Changes in serum and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels were determined before and after castration to assess time to @entity342 -independent progression. Local @entity5 and metastatic growth was assessed at sacrifice after 12 weeks. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect circulating LNCaP cells. @entity5 incidence after s.c. injection was 100% (65 of 65) in @entity915 @entity19 and 80% in athymic @entity19 . No lymph node or distant @entity3 were observed with s.c. @entity5 , and RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was negative. Primary @entity5 incidence after intraprostatic injection was 89% (39 of 44) in @entity915 @entity19 and 60% in athymic @entity19 . In 10 @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 followed for 12 weeks, retroperitoneal or mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were found in 100%, and microscopic pulmonary @entity3 were identified in 40%. RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was positive in 3 of 10 mice tested. Serum PSA levels in @entity19 with s.c. and @entity5 decreased by 65% to nadir levels at 7 and 4 days after castration, respectively. Serum PSA and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels increased to precastration levels earlier in @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 compared to those with s.c. @entity5 . Intraprostatic injection of LNCaP cells in @entity915 @entity19 provides a useful animal model to investigate mechanisms of @entity3 and to evaluate therapies targeted toward inhibiting the metastatic cascade.

title: A metastatic and @entity342 -sensitive XXXX @entity263 model using intraprostatic inoculation of LNCaP cells in @entity915 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'LNCaP tumor', 'primary tumors', 'intraprostatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) is a clinically relevant marker of trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic @entity5 . In the present studies, in addition to determining serum @entity1465 , we investigated the presence and properties of @entity1465 immunoreactivity in @entity843 of @entity1 with nontrophoblastic @entity5 and, for comparison, in @entity843 caused by @entity409 . Total @entity1465 immunoreactivity [ @entity1465 (+ @entity7807 )] was found to be elevated above the reference value (greater than 5 IU/liter) in the serum of 2 of 20 @entity1 with @entity82 and 11 of 20 @entity1 with @entity5 . For comparison, in @entity843 , @entity1465 ( @entity7807 ) concentrations were frequently higher than in the corresponding serum samples and exceeded 10 IU/liter in 0 of 20 cirrhotic samples and in 16 of 20 malignant samples. In order to elucidate the nature of the @entity1465 immunoreactive material, all samples were then assessed by immunoradiometric assays specific for the intact @entity1465 molecule (holo- @entity1465 ) and the free @entity7807 subunit, respectively. In the holo- @entity1465 assay, elevated values were detected in 0 of 20 (0 of 20) cirrhotic @entity843 (serum) samples and 0 of 20 (1 of 20) @entity5 (serum) samples. In the free @entity7807 assay, on the other hand, no positive results were obtained in the @entity843 or serum of 20 @entity1 with liver @entity82 ; however, 8 of 20 serum samples and 16 of 20 @entity843 samples derived from @entity5 @entity1 were positive. In accord with the immunological data, gel chromatographical studies of @entity5 revealed the abundance of free @entity1465 -beta subunit rather than that of holo- @entity1465 . In contrast to @entity5 , in @entity843 of @entity1 receiving @entity1465 injections for treatment of @entity249 , holo- @entity1465 was more abundant than free @entity7807 immunoreactivity. Incubation experiments of purified holo- @entity1465 in @entity843 for 24 h at -20, 20, or 37 degrees C showed no substantial dissociation of the @entity1465 molecule and release of free @entity7807 immunoreactivity, thus arguing against production of free @entity7807 by degradation of holo- @entity1465 and in favor of its @entity5 -related secretion. In conclusion, @entity7807 immunoreactivity is frequently elevated in @entity5 and appears to be related to the presence of free beta subunit of @entity1465 rather than that of the intact @entity1465 molecule. Interestingly, @entity7807 determination in @entity843 proved to be clearly superior to serum measurement in discriminating between @entity5 and @entity82 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunoreactive @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and its free beta subunit in serum and @entity843 of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumor', 'malignancy-related ascites', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic liver disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: AIMS: This study sought to determine predictors of @entity1002 formation and resolution after acute anterior wall @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We have analysed clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic data in 53 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 . Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed on days 1, 2, 3 and 7, after 3 and 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months following @entity1188 . Coronary angiography was performed in 44 @entity1 before hospital discharge. @entity1002 was detected in 30/53 @entity1 (29/30 in the first week after @entity1188 ). Univariate analysis showed that @entity1002 formation was associated with a higher initial end-systolic volume index (beta = 0.04, P = 0.001), and end-diastolic volume index (beta = 0.03, P = 0.03), a larger @entity1188 perimeter (beta = 0.02, P = 0.01), a lower initial ejection fraction (beta = 0.06, P =0.001), a higher initial wall motion score index (beta = 1.75, P = 0.023), a higher peak @entity908 kinase level (beta = 3.90, P = 0.01), Killip class >1 (beta = 1.11, P = 0.003), @entity1188 expansion (beta = 0.78, P = 0.04), occluded @entity1188 (beta = -0.87, P = 0.04) and non-thrombolytic therapy (beta = -0.76, P = 0.047). According to the Cox proportional regression model, independent predictors of @entity715 formation after @entity583 were high end-systolic volume index (beta = 0.06, P = 0.001) and high peak @entity908 kinase level (beta = 5.17, P = 0.046). @entity715 disappeared in 11/30 (36.7%) @entity1 during one-year echocardiographic follow-up. The only independent predictor of @entity715 disappearance after @entity583 was the absence of apical dyskinesis 6 weeks after @entity1188 (beta = -1.53, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that the best predictor of @entity1002 formation after acute @entity583 is a high initial end-systolic volume. @entity715 resolution is more likely to occur in @entity1 without apical dyskinesis at the end of the healing phase of @entity1188 .

title: Predictors of @entity1002 formation and disappearance after anterior wall XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus', 'Left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The study evaluates the efficacy of a procedural memory stimulation programme in mild and mild-moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Twenty basic and instrumental activities of daily living have been selected, and divided into two groups, comparable for difficulty. Ten normal elderly subjects (age 68.0 +/- 4.8 years; MMSE score: 28.7 +/- 0.9; education: 7.6 +/- 3.5 years) were asked to perform the two groups of daily activities and the time required to perform the tasks of each group was recorded and used as a reference. Ten mild and mild-moderate @entity195 @entity1 (age 77.2 +/- 5.3 years; MMSE score: 19.8 +/- 3.5; education: 7.3 +/- 4.7 years) without major behavioural disturbances constituted the experimental group. @entity1 were evaluated in all 20 daily activities and the time employed was recorded at baseline and after a 3-week training (1 h/d, 5 d/week) period. Five @entity1 were trained during the 3 weeks on half of the 20 daily activities and the other five @entity1 were trained on the remainder. This procedure was adopted in order to detect separately the improvement in "trained" and "not trained" activities, allowing to control better the effects of the intervention. The assessment of the functional impact of the training was directly measured, through the variation of time employed to perform tasks before and after training. After 3 weeks of training a significant improvement was observed for the trained activities, from 3.6 to 1.9 standard deviations below the performance of the normal elderly controls (P < 0.05). @entity195 @entity1 improved also in not-trained activities from 3.5 to 2.7 standard deviations below the controls' performance (P < 0.05). The rehabilitation of activities of daily living through developing procedural memory strategies may be effective in mild and mild-moderate @entity195 @entity1 .

title: Procedural memory stimulation in XXXX : impact of a training programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Childhood exposure to environmental particulates increases the risk of development of @entity565 . The underlying mechanisms might include oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AEC). We investigated the ability of ambient environmental particulates to contribute to sensitization via the airways, and thus to the pathogenesis of childhood @entity565 . To do so, we devised a novel model in which weanling BALB/c @entity19 were exposed to both ambient particulate pollutants and @entity10328 for sensitization via the respiratory tract, followed by chronic inhalational challenge with a low mass concentration of the antigen. We also examined whether these particulates caused oxidant injury and activation of AEC in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed the potential benefit of minimizing oxidative stress to AEC through the period of sensitization and challenge by dietary intervention. We found that characteristic features of @entity32 developed only in animals that received particulates at the same time as respiratory sensitization, and were then chronically challenged with allergen. However, these animals did not develop airway hyper-responsiveness. Ambient particulates induced @entity130 in vitro, with evidence of oxidative stress and production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-promoting cytokines such as @entity26051 . Treatment of AEC with an antioxidant in vitro inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to these particulates. Ambient particulates also induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following administration to weanling @entity19 . However, early-life dietary supplementation with antioxidants did not prevent the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in animals that were exposed to particulates, sensitized and challenged. We conclude that injury to airway epithelium by ambient environmental particulates in early life is capable of promoting the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in sensitized and antigen-challenged @entity19 . These findings are likely to be relevant to the induction of childhood @entity565 .

title: Development of XXXX in @entity19 following early-life exposure to ambient environmental particulates and chronic allergen challenge.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['asthmatic inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity647 ( @entity647 ) following @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) transfusion is a rare complication of transfusion without any well-documented case reported in the English language literature. We describe 2 @entity1 in whom @entity647 occurred following @entity1423 transfusion. METHODS: Conventional clinical and laboratory methods. RESULTS: Both @entity1 developed acute @entity851 of breath 30-60 min after completion of @entity1423 transfusion and required mechanical ventilatory support. Chest X-ray (CXR) in both cases revealed @entity358 . @entity1 1 required vasopressors for @entity551 . Right heart catheterization ruled out fluid overload. @entity1 2 remained hemodynamically stable. Both @entity1 improved rapidly with continued respiratory support and were extubated within 48 h. CXR at this time showed clearing of infiltrates. In both cases a granulocyte antibody was identified in the plasma of a platelet donor supporting the diagnosis of @entity647 . CONCLUSIONS: In suspected cases of @entity647 . HLA and granulocyte antibody testing is indicated for the recipients and for donors of implicated components. Implicated donors need not be excluded from the donor pool, but can be used for fractionated plasma and plasma-free components.

title: XXXX following @entity1423 transfusion: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['shortness']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['random donor platelet', 'RDP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['Transfusion-related acute lung injury', 'TRALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Transfusion-related acute lung injury']


abstract: The possible mediation of dopaminergic, muscarinic cholinergic and/or serotonergic receptors in the response of @entity4545 / @entity701 to @entity1769 ( @entity3824 ) was evaluated in 27 normal @entity1 . All subjects were tested with @entity3824 (10 mg in an intravenous bolus plus placebo or saline, @entity1219 0.9%, control test). For the other tests (experimental tests), the @entity1 were divided into three groups of 9 subjects each. One group was tested with @entity3824 in the presence of the dopaminergic agonist @entity2847 (5 mg p.o. 3 h before @entity3824 ), another group was tested with @entity3824 plus the M1- and M2-muscarinic-cholinergic antagonist @entity3897 (1.2 mg in an intravenous bolus, just before @entity3824 ) or the M1-muscarinic receptor blocker @entity4140 (40 mg in an intravenous bolus 10 min before @entity3824 ). The third group was tested with @entity3824 after treatment with the selective 5-HT1-serotonergic receptor blocker @entity6521 (10 mg/day p.o. in 5 divided doses for 4 days before @entity3824 ) or the 5-HT2-serotonergic receptor antagonist @entity6009 (10 mg as a slow 3-min intravenous injection, 5 min before @entity3824 ). @entity4545 and @entity701 rose by 45 and 55%, respectively, in response to @entity3824 . The basal levels of @entity4545 and @entity701 were not modified by @entity2847 , @entity3897 , @entity4140 , @entity6521 or @entity6009 treatment. Both @entity4545 and @entity701 responses to @entity3824 did not change significantly after @entity2847 , @entity3897 , @entity4140 or @entity6009 administration, whereas they were completely abolished by pretreatment with @entity6521 . Additional experiments were performed in order to evaluate whether the effect of @entity6521 on the @entity4545 / @entity701 response to @entity3824 depends on the amount of the serotonergic antagonist (dose-response study).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: 5-HT1-, but not 5-HT2-serotonergic, M1-, M2-muscarinic cholinergic or dopaminergic receptors mediate the @entity4545 / @entity701 response to @entity1769 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['metergoline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: In the field of lumbar spine disorders, three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can clearly depict a lumbar nerve root from the distal region to the dorsal root ganglion. In this study, we used a @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) enhanced-three-dimensional (3-D) fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence when examining @entity74 . The subjects were 33 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) in whom lumbosacral neural compression had been diagnosed clinically. Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity890 , 11 had @entity2649 , and 1 had @entity614 caused by @entity309 . Five subjects with @entity1643 were also studied as a control group. In all @entity1 and in all 5 of the controls, the dorsal root ganglion of every root was enhanced clearly. There was no root enhancement in the 5 controls. Enhancement of the symptomatic nerve roots, caused by compression, was found in 11 of the 33 @entity1 . All 11 @entity1 had @entity614 , and @entity425 was more frequent in @entity1 with enhanced nerve roots than in those without enhancement. There was no enhancement of the cauda equina, even in the @entity1 with @entity1971 . The enhancement effect may reflect some pathological condition of the compressed nerve root and needs to be studied further.

title: The role of Gd-enhanced three-dimensional MRI fast low-angle shot (FLASH) in the evaluation of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral disorders']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda syndrome']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral nerve roots']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are essential for endothelial repair and vascular healing. @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) may suffer from @entity409 . Reduced EPC number, impaired mobilization, or increased EPC apoptosis may be crucial in this phenomenon. The aim of our study was to investigate the number and function of EPCs in @entity1 with @entity29 and to assess their endothelial function. METHODS: In 100 @entity29 @entity1 (47 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 53 @entity30 ( @entity30 )) and 50 healthy controls, EPC number, @entity436 ( @entity436 ) expression, the percentage of apoptotic circulating EPCs, and the number of colony-forming units were evaluated. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and @entity251 levels, and in a subgroup of @entity1 , brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was measured. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (analysis of variance), Mann-Whitney U two-tailed, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to assess differences. RESULTS: EPC number was significantly lower in @entity31 @entity1 (39.6 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 30.7-48.6)) and in @entity30 @entity1 (43.1 (95% CI: 35.9-50.4)) than in healthy controls (97.1 (95% CI: 88.3-105.9)), (P<0.001). LH and FSH levels and @entity436 expression on EPCs did not significantly differ from controls. @entity251 concentrations and @entity384 were lower in @entity31 @entity1 . Number of apoptotic EPCs was higher in both @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 with an impaired ability to generate colony in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that in @entity29 @entity1 , apoptosis contributes to the reduction of circulating EPC number and to their ability to proliferate in vitro. As this condition represents a risk factor for @entity65 , endothelial function should be evaluated in these @entity1 .

title: Reduced endothelial progenitor cell number and function in XXXX : a possible link to the pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['CXCR4', 'CXC motif receptor 4']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a protocol designed to minimize the need for surgery in the management of severe blunt @entity8 . METHODS: Forty-six of 752 @entity130 @entity1 had evidence of @entity8 on computed tomographic (CT) scan. Two @entity1 required emergency laparotomy, and the remaining 44 @entity1 were classified by CT scan grade using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification system. @entity1 with CT scan grade 3 or over underwent renal angiography. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 had a high-grade injury on CT scan (> or =3). Eight had angiographic evidence of extravasation from renal arterial branches and underwent transarterial embolization. One @entity1 with a grade 5 injury had extravasation from a main renal vein and underwent immediate laparotomy. This was the only @entity1 who required surgery for @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Surgery can be avoided in most cases of blunt @entity8 . @entity1344 and @entity8 indications for surgical exploration.

title: The role of interventional radiology in the management of blunt XXXX : a practical protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['injury to main renal veins remain', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) as treatments of @entity4810 . DESIGN: @entity1 were prospectively randomized to ZIFT or IVF-ET. SETTING: In vitro fertilization program of the Centre for Reproductive Medicine of the Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University, Belgium, which is a tertiary referral institution. @entity1 : One hundred fifty-seven couples were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria allowed only first trials of couples with long-standing infertility caused by a male factor. Female factors were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: In ZIFT, up to three fertilized oocytes were transferred into one single @entity1 fallopian tube by means of laparoscopy 18 hours after insemination. In IVF-ET, cleaving embryos were replaced into the uterine cavity about 48 hours after insemination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fertilization and transfer rates, implantation and pregnancy rates, pregnancy outcome, and cost per procedure were evaluated. RESULTS: Implantation rates of 12.3% and 10% per replaced conceptus were achieved for ZIFT and IVF-ET, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates no therapeutic advantage of ZIFT over IVF-ET in @entity4810 in terms of reproductive outcome or economic benefit.

title: Zygote intrafallopian transfer or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer for the treatment of XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male-factor infertility']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male-factor infertility']


abstract: Recurrent and progressive @entity11 are a diverse group of @entity1313 that often respond poorly to adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Regional intra-arterial (IA) administration of chemotherapy may result in increased @entity5 uptake of drug, with improvement in response rates and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). Twenty-five @entity1 with recurrent or progressive @entity11 were treated with IA @entity3003 (200 mg/m2/d) and intravenous (IV) @entity2879 (100 mg/m2/d) for 2 days every 4 weeks. @entity1 ranged in age from 22 to 68 years (mean 37.8). All but one @entity1 had received standard irradiation, and eight @entity1 had attempted prior chemotherapy. Five of 25 @entity1 had objective responses (20%), while another 15 @entity1 had stable disease (60%), receiving a total of 318 IA treatment procedures. There was one complete response (4.0%), three partial responses (12.0%), one minor response (4.0%), 15 stable diseases (60.0%), and five progressive diseases (20.0%). The median @entity1054 was 24.2 weeks overall and 32 weeks in responders. Overall median survival was 34.2 weeks. Therapy was well tolerated, with mainly hematologic @entity137 . Two @entity1 had @entity887 . Although these are preliminary results, IA @entity3003 and IV @entity2879 have modest activity against recurrent and progressive @entity11 and warrants further study.

title: Intra-arterial @entity3003 and intravenous XXXX for the treatment of recurrent and progressive @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['non-GBM gliomas']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) activation of the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptor facilitates the production of brain @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) and contributes to the induction of the @entity221 following the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether proinflammatory transcription factors [nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and @entity19505 ( @entity19505 )] contribute to the @entity1808 -dependent production of cytokines within the brain. Interestingly, we found that a single i.c.v. injection of LPS had no effect on NF-kappaB and @entity19505 activities in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum at either 1 or 3 h post-injection (except for a decrease in hypothalamic @entity19505 activity at 1 h). Furthermore, both an @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor and an @entity1809 receptor antagonist enhanced (rather than reduced) the NF-kappaB and @entity19505 activities in the hippocampus and/or cerebellum of @entity35 given LPS. In contrast, an i.c.v. injection of @entity1808 increased the NF-kappaB activity in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that while "endogenous" @entity1808 exerts (via @entity1809 receptors) inhibitory effects on the activation of transcription factors in the brain of @entity35 given LPS, a large dose of exogenous @entity1808 produces effects opposite to those induced by the presumably small amount of endogenous @entity1808 released locally by LPS. Our results seem not to support the idea that NF-kappaB and @entity19505 play key roles in the @entity1808 -induced enhancement of the production of proinflammatory cytokines that is induced by LPS in the @entity35 's brain.

title: Effects of central injection of @entity1811 inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist on the brain NF-kappaB and XXXX activities of @entity35 given LPS.

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting-enzyme', 'ACE']

answer: @entity19505 :: (24516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of treatment in @entity1 with infected @entity174 or @entity6275 in the tibial and ankle regions by radical debridement of skeletal and soft tissues and coverage of the defect, using free flap transfer or muscle flap transposition. MATERIAL: Between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004, 26 @entity1 were treated by this method; 13 had @entity1171 and 13 showed @entity4034 of the tibia. All @entity1 , in the case of failure, would have been indicated for below-knee amputation. The group comprised six @entity1 and 20 @entity1 at an average age of 46 years (range, 10 to 67 years). METHODS: In this retrospective study, the following data were recorded: type of injury (multiple @entity130 , combined @entity130 , single @entity130 ), @entity174 type according to the AO classification, grade of @entity4422 by the Gustillo and Anderson classification, number of previous operations in @entity1 with infected @entity174 , microbiological findings in all @entity1 before defect coverage with a flap, interval between the @entity130 , number of @entity532 , number of subsequent operations, period of relief for the treated limb, actual weight-bearing of the limb, @entity1 's satisfaction with the therapy. RESULTS: Since one @entity1 died of @entity299 during follow-up, 25 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) were included in the final evaluation. The average follow-up was 27 months (range, 15 to 49 months). The healing of infection and union of bone were recorded in 21 @entity1 (84 %). Healing with @entity1516 development occurred in three @entity1 (12 %). One @entity1 (4 %) had to undergo leg amputation due to persistent secretion. The duration of treatment before coverage of the defect was on average 10 weeks (range, 4 weeks to 6 months) in the @entity1 with infected @entity174 , and 9 years (range, 2 to 20 years) in the @entity1 with @entity4034 . @entity532 were recorded in seven @entity1 (27 %). Impaired vascularization of the flap in the early post-operative period was found in two @entity1 (8 %). In two @entity1 (8 %) residual infected tissue under the flap resulted in purulent secretion. In three @entity1 (12 %), at the time of evaluation, the lower extremity could not bear weight due to non-union of fractured bone. DISCUSSION: The use of free or transposition muscle is regarded as the optimal method for the treatment of extensive defects of soft tissues in limb traumatology. The advantages include: good quality coverage of the defect; ability of vascularized flap tissue to transport antibiotic to the defect area; long-term improved perfusion in the @entity174 region is important for @entity174 healing. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity174 by debridement and subsequent coverage of soft tissue defects, using muscle flap transfer, permits elimination of infection in most of the @entity1 , but often requires subsequent surgery in order to provide biological stimulation for healing of defective @entity174 . Treatment of @entity4034 of the tibia by this method is demanding, but has a good prospect of healing in a period shorter than is necessary for treatment without muscle flap transfer.

title: [Muscle flap transfer of the treatment of @entity174 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'infected tibial and malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['injury in open fractures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications', 'Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['infected tibial or ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and flap coverage', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To point out detailed technical considerations and tactical modifications within the experience of 59 replantations of thumb @entity155 injuries, to clarify the indications of replantation, and to evaluate the long-term results. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two thumb avulsions of 510 thumb amputations were treated at our centre between 1986 - 2002. Sixty-two of them were male and 10 were female. The average age of the @entity1 was 27 years. Fifty-nine avulsed thumbs were replanted, and 13 were considered as "not replantable" and operated using other reconstructive procedures. Since the main goal of thumb replantation is survival with sensitivity and good function, all the injured tissues were repaired or primarily reconstructed. As a main principle, we always aimed for a one-stage reconstruction including vein grafts for the @entity1317 , direct vein repair or vein transfer to establish @entity5044 . RESULTS: Overall survival rate was 84.7 %. The average follow-up time was 65.2 months. 80 percent of the @entity1 returned to their original work within an average of 4 months after replantation. The @entity1 were generally satisfied with the outcome and ability to use their thumb. The average range of movement of the interphalangeal joint was 75 % of the normal side. On average, key pinch strength was 65 % of contralateral hand. Two-point discrimination was less than 10 mm in 60 % of the cases. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing evaluation showed 2.83 in 35 @entity1 , 3.61 in 20, and 6.68 in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In replantation of @entity155 amputation of the thumb, functional success depends on repair or reconstruction of all damaged tissues, if necessary, using nerve transfers and tendon transfers. If these could be done primarily as a one-stage reconstruction, the costs would be less, the @entity1 would return to their work when the one-stage treatment and rehabilitation is finished, and would also eliminate the technical difficulties encountered in secondary reconstructions.

title: Replantation of thumb XXXX injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5044 :: ('OMIM:143470', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow, tendon transfers to restore movement, and nerve transfer to restore sensation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of @entity286 smokers seeking to quit will relapse within the first month of abstinence. Currently available smoking cessation agents have limited utility in increasing rates of smoking cessation and in some cases there are notable safety concerns related to their use. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop safer and more efficacious smoking cessation medications. METHODS: Here, we provide an overview of current efforts to develop new pharmacotherapeutic agents to facilitate smoking cessation, identified from ongoing clinical trials and published reports. RESULTS: @entity1239 is considered the major addictive agent in @entity286 smoke, and the vast majority of currently available smoking cessation agents act by modulating nicotinic @entity934 receptor (nAChR) signaling. Accordingly, there is much effort directed toward developing novel small molecule therapeutics and biological agents such as @entity1239 vaccines for smoking cessation that act by modulating nAChR activity. Our increasing knowledge of the neurobiology of @entity1239 addiction has revealed new targets for novel smoking cessation therapeutics. Indeed, we highlight many examples of novel small molecule drug development around non-nAChR targets. Finally, there is a growing appreciation that medications already approved for other disease indications could show promise as smoking cessation agents, and we consider examples of such repurposing efforts. CONCLUSION: Ongoing clinical assessment of potential smoking cessation agents offers the promise of new effective medications. Nevertheless, much of our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of @entity1239 addiction derived from preclinical studies has not yet been leveraged for medications development.

title: Development of novel pharmacotherapeutics for XXXX dependence: progress and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rebleeding occurs in 10% to 30% of @entity548 @entity1066 @entity1 receiving endoscopic @entity1425 injection therapy. It remains unclear whether addition of a secondary clip therapy following @entity1425 injection may reduce the rebleeding rate of high-risk @entity548 @entity1066 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacies of @entity1425 injection alone and @entity1425 injection combined with hemoclip therapy in treating high-risk @entity548 @entity1066 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A medical center in Taiwan. @entity1 : One hundred five @entity548 @entity1066 @entity1 with active spurting, oozing, nonbleeding visible vessels or adherent clots in @entity1066 bases. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic combination therapy (n = 52) or diluted @entity1425 injection alone (n = 53). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Initial hemostasis rates and recurrent @entity548 rates. RESULTS: Initial hemostasis was achieved in 51 @entity1 treated with combination therapy and 49 @entity1 with @entity1425 injection therapy (98% vs 92%, P = .18). Bleeding recurred in 2 @entity1 in the combination therapy group and 11 @entity1 in the @entity1425 injection group (3.8% vs 21%, P = .008). Among the @entity1 with rebleeding, repeated combination therapy was more effective than repeated injection therapy in achieving permanent hemostasis (100% vs 33%, P = .02). No @entity1 required an emergency operation in the combination therapy group. However, 5 @entity1 in the @entity1425 injection group underwent emergency surgery to arrest @entity548 (0% vs 9%, P = .023). LIMITATIONS: Treatment outcome of endoscopic hemoclip therapy is related to the techniques of endoscopists. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic combination therapy is superior to @entity1425 injection alone in the treatment of high-risk @entity548 @entity1066 .

title: Comparison of hemostatic efficacy for @entity1425 injection alone and injection combined with hemoclip therapy in treating high-risk @entity548 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 : DSM-IV-TR) participated in the pilot study. They carried out a Go/No-Go test with a short (2 seconds) and long (6 seconds) interstimulus interval (ISI) when on placebo and a therapeutic dose of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ). For the long-ISI placebo condition the responses were slow and inaccurate. This pattern of response may be due to underactivation of the readiness-to-respond state that is not fully controlled by effort allocation. Speed of response and accuracy were enhanced during the short-ISI placebo condition and the long-ISI @entity7541 condition. However, the combined effect (short ISI and @entity7541 ) resulted in a fast but inaccurate response style. This pattern of response may be due to overactivation of the readiness-to-respond state. The data of the pilot study support the stimulus shift hypothesis: @entity7541 administration result in deterioration on tests on which @entity1 had previously done well (short ISI plus placebo versus short ISI plus @entity7541 ). In addition, the data support the idea that @entity71 is associated with poor state regulation rather than motivational (delay aversion) theories or temporal-processing/time-estimation theories of @entity71 . The pilot study defined empirically an issue for further study with the larger controlled sample.

title: XXXX , interstimulus interval, and reaction time performance of @entity1 with @entity71 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: The relationship between home dampness and adult @entity1576 was investigated using data from a parent-administered questionnaire on childhood @entity1576 that also included questions on parental @entity1576 . Questionnaires were returned by the parents of 3344 @entity1 living in the town of Helmond, The Netherlands. The response was 73%. Home dampness was characterized by reports of damp stains or mould growth on indoor surfaces and was reported by 23.6% and 15.0% of the study population, respectively. Of the homes, 25.4% had dampness and/or mould. Information about @entity1576 was collected for the mothers and fathers of a population of 6-12-year-old schoolchildren. Symptoms analysed were cough, phlegm, wheeze, @entity565 , and @entity566 to pollen or house dust. Cough and phlegm in both @entity1 and @entity1 were found to be strongly associated with living in a damp home. Weaker associations were found for wheeze and @entity565 , and there was little association between living in a damp home and @entity566 to pollen or house dust. Current smoking was strongly associated with cough, phlegm and wheeze in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Smoking was inversely associated with @entity566 to pollen or house dust, suggesting that @entity56 subjects do not start smoking, or give up the habit. The results suggest that the association between home dampness and @entity1576 previously reported for @entity1 also applies to adults. Suggested mechanisms include exposure to biological contaminants produced by fungi or house dust mites, but it has not yet been documented to what extent these exposures are responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Damp housing and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blockade of @entity13474 breakdown and enhancement of @entity3009 release probably participate in the antihypertensive activity of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. Cyclooxygenase blockers may attenuate the efficacy of @entity1289 inhibitors by interfering with @entity3009 synthesis, and @entity1 taking @entity117 may not benefit from @entity1289 inhibition. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of the counteractive phenomenon and to define minimal @entity117 dosage that causes an antagonistic effect. METHODS: These were 26 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 (group 1) and 26 @entity1 with severe untreated primary @entity101 (group 2). @entity4688 (20 mg twice a day) was used as a single drug in group 1 and was added to the combination of long-acting @entity594 (30 mg/day) and @entity2165 (50 mg/day) in group 2. @entity117 was tested at doses of 100 and 300 mg/day, and an attenuation of more than 20% of the mean blood pressure decrease produced by @entity4688 was the criteria that defined antagonism. RESULTS: The 100 mg dose was ineffective. However, 300 mg @entity117 had an antagonistic effect in 57% of @entity1 in group 1 and 50% of @entity1 in group 2: mean arterial pressure was lowered by 63% and 91% less, respectively. Results were independent of the drug administration order. In "responders," @entity117 significantly attenuated the @entity916 rise associated with @entity1289 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a number of @entity1289 -inhibited @entity1 are susceptible to 300 mg/day @entity117 , regardless of @entity101 severity. Antagonism may be mediated through @entity3009 inhibition according to predominance, in an individual @entity1 , of @entity3009 activation (also as a @entity916 secretory stimulus) or angiotensin blockade by @entity4688 .

title: Antihypertensive efficacy of XXXX inhibition and @entity117 counteraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 underwent emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Stone loss occurred during gallbladder dissection. Histology showed @entity2679 . Postoperatively, she developed a @entity733 that required percutaneous drainage. Two years after surgery, she re-presented with a right paracolic abscess. Transsciatic CT-guided drainage of the abscess was performed. Barium enema excluded colonic pathology. Two weeks later, she developed a right @entity733 deep to the recent drain site. Ultrasound-guided drainage was performed followed by a sonogram. The sonogram ruled out communication with the peritoneum. Two further subhepatic abscesses occurred during the next 5 years; the first abscess was drained percutaneously, but the second required open drainage: At laparotomy, @entity5990 fragments were found within the @entity733 . The site of the previous gluteal drain continued to discharge intermittently. An MRI scan showed an uncomplicated sinus track. Subsequent sinography of the right gluteal track demonstrated an opacity at the apex of the sinus. The sinus was laid open and a @entity5990 retrieved. The @entity1 has remained well for 3 years. Complications due to @entity5990 generally manifest themselves shortly after surgery. This case demonstrates that lost stones may cause chronic abdominal and abdominal wall sepsis. In cases of chronic @entity1661 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the possibility of lost stones should be considered even if stones are not positively shown on imaging.

title: Recurrent septic episodes following XXXX at laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone', 'gallstone spillage']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subhepatic abscess', 'abscess cavity', 'gluteal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['empyema of the gallbladder']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone spillage']


abstract: Oxidized and @entity2915 tend to accumulate in aging cells. Declining activity of proteolytic enzymes, particularly the proteasome, has been proposed as a possible explanation for this phenomenon, and direct inhibition of the proteasome by oxidized and @entity2915 has been demonstrated in vitro. We have further examined this hypothesis during both proliferative senescence (this paper) and postmitotic senescence (see the accompanying paper, @entity6471 ) of @entity1 BJ fibroblasts. During proliferative senescence, we found a marked decline in all proteasome activities (trypsin-like activity, chymotrypsin-like activity, and peptidyl- @entity16394 -hydrolyzing activity) and in lysosomal cathepsin activity. Despite the loss of proteasome activity, there was no concomitant change in cellular levels of actual proteasome protein (immunoassays) or in the steady-state levels of mRNAs for essential proteasome subunits. The decline in proteasome activities and lysosomal cathepsin activities was accompanied by dramatic increases in the accumulation of oxidized and @entity2915 . Furthermore, as proliferation stage increased, cells exhibited a decreasing ability to degrade the oxidatively damaged proteins generated by an acute, experimentally applied oxidative stress. Thus, oxidized and @entity2915 accumulated rapidly in cells of higher proliferation stages. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that proteasome is progressively inhibited by small accumulations of oxidized and @entity2915 during proliferative senescence until late proliferation stages, when so much proteasome activity has been lost that oxidized proteins accumulate at ever-increasing rates. Lysosomes attempt to deal with the accumulating oxidized and @entity2915 , but declining lysosomal cathepsin activity apparently limits their effectiveness. This hypothesis, which may explain the progressive intracellular accumulation of oxidized and @entity2915 in aging, is further explored during postmitotic senescence in the accompanying paper (1).

title: Protein oxidation and degradation during cellular senescence of XXXX BJ fibroblasts: part I--effects of proliferative senescence.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked proteins']

entities_list: @entity16394 :: ('CHEBI:32483', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) modulates various metabolisms through interaction with @entity1432 proteins and hemoproteins. Although NO interacts reversibly with @entity68 moieties of @entity1446 proteins, including cytochrome P450 (P450), dynamic aspects of the formation, catalytic functions and fates of NO-P450 adducts remain to be elucidated. When incubated with NOC7, which spontaneously and stoichiometrically releases NO within 5 min, microsomal P450 rapidly formed @entity11072 - @entity1446 adducts as determined by the electron spin resonance method. The signal intensity for the complex increased with time, peaking at 30 min and decreasing to below detectable levels by 60 min of incubation. In contrast, the microsomal levels of low-spin ferric forms of P450 (g = 2.26) rapidly decreased during the initial 30 min but recovered time-dependently thereafter. Analysis by differential spectra (reduced form/CO-reduced form) revealed that on incubation with NOC7, the form of microsomal P450 also changed in a biphasic manner. To elucidate the mechanism for the decrease in the levels of P450, microsomal levels of P450 isozymes (CYPs) were determined by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies against @entity12284 and @entity11042 , major isoforms found in male @entity35 liver. Kinetic analysis revealed that no appreciable degradation of P450 proteins occurred during the incubation of microsomes with NOC7. The effect of NO on the catalytic activity of the enzymes was determined by using @entity251 as substrate because hydroxylation of @entity134 hormones is one of the major functions of P450. When exposed to NO, the hydroxylation activity in microsomes rapidly decreased during the initial 10 min and then disappeared slowly. These results suggested that NO formed dissociable complexes with P450 isozymes and the catalytic functions of these isozymes were irreversibly inactivated after dissociation from their @entity1446 moiety.

title: Irreversible inhibition of cytochrome P450 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity11072 :: ('CHEBI:16480', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosyl']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report a rare case of temporal bone metastasis from a lung primary, presenting only as @entity925 . CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old @entity1 presented to our out- @entity1 department with left post-aural @entity158 of four months' duration. Clinical examination revealed tenderness in the left post-aural region; the ear, nose and throat examination was otherwise unremarkable. Computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed erosion of the left petrous temporal bone. Incisional biopsy was carried out. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis showed infiltrative metastatic @entity2220 . Further imaging with positron emission tomography confirmed increased uptake from the right lower lobe of the lung, suggesting the site of the @entity75 . The @entity1 was treated with chemo-radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Post-aural @entity158 is a non-specific symptom, and, with normal clinical and audiometric test results, rare lesions such as the one presented could be easily missed. A thorough clinical examination must be performed to identify genuine signs, and appropriate imaging undertaken to exclude rare causes, such as this metastatic lesion of the temporal bone.

title: @entity158 : an unusual presentation of a metastatic temporal bone lesion from a primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['post-aural tenderness']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare effectiveness of electrical cardioversion (ECV) in @entity1 with chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ) according to the electrode positions: anteroapical (A-A) or anteroposterior (A-P). That which restores the sinus rhythm (SR) using the least energy is considered superior. DESIGN: Observational study comparing two consecutive series of @entity1 . SCOPE. Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of second level hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Out- @entity1 in @entity955 referred to the ICU for biphasic ECV. The first series began with position A-A and the second one with A-P, administering up to 3 shocks (150-200-200J), changing to the alternative position if SR was not achieved and administering 2 more shocks of 200J. Age, gender, weight, baseline @entity299 , ejection fraction, left atrial size, @entity955 time, baseline vital signs, antiarrhythmic medication, reversion to SR, number of shocks, energy used and side effects were analyzed and compared between both series. RESULTS. A total of 50 @entity1 were treated in each group. The baseline characteristics were similar except for a greater percentage of @entity1 in group A-A. The anteroapical electrode position achieved SR with significantly fewer numbers of shocks and less energy, more frequently achieving reversion on the first shock. CONCLUSIONS: We found greater effectiveness in the electrical cardioversion of the @entity955 with the electrodes in the anteroapical position, that we recommend as first choice. If it is not effective, the A-P position should be attempted.

title: [Comparison of two electrode positions in electrical cardioversion of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity11141 and @entity117 are drugs used as anti-inflammatory agents. @entity2697 prevents nuclear factor-kappa B activation and can cause apoptosis. However, @entity2697 , a substrate of @entity11920 , is also an antioxidant and can scavenge reactive @entity26 species. Experiments were carried out to evaluate whether @entity2697 can modulate @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 . Addition of a @entity5204 such as @entity1426 (AA) to HepG2 cells resulted in loss of cell viability, especially in cells expressing @entity11920 (E47 cells). @entity137 was enhanced by the addition of 1 to 10 mM @entity2697 to the E47 cells but not to control HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells expressing CYP3A4. @entity2697 alone was not toxic, and the enhanced @entity137 by AA in the presence of @entity2697 was prevented by @entity12971 , a @entity11920 inhibitor, and by the antioxidant @entity22143 . @entity2697 potentiated AA-induced lipid peroxidation in the E47 cells, a reaction blocked by @entity12971 . @entity11920 levels were elevated by @entity2697 at concentrations (<5 mM), which did not increase @entity11920 mRNA levels. This increase was associated with a decrease of @entity11920 turnover by @entity2697 in the presence of @entity1880 . @entity2697 also potentiated @entity137 in hepatocytes isolated from @entity12905 treated @entity35 with high levels of @entity11920 and from saline controls. In view of the potential role of @entity11920 in contributing to @entity167 -induced oxidative stress and @entity99 , the potentiation of @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 and the elevation of @entity11920 levels by @entity2697 may be of clinical significance and merit caution in the use of @entity2697 and @entity2697 precursors such as @entity117 with certain other drugs.

title: @entity11141 increases @entity11920 levels and enhances XXXX @entity137 in HepG2 cells and cultured @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'AA toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate', 'Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity22143 :: ('MESH:C010643', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variation in the presenilin gene shifts the cleavage site of amyloid precursor protein producing an insoluble peptide Abeta(42) (instead of Abeta(40), which is soluble when produced in restricted amount), which is prone to aggregation in the brain in the form of amyloid plaques not only in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) but also in other @entity303 . The role of @entity3666 ( @entity3666 ) and @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) genes has not been explored in @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To study the association of @entity3666 intron 8 and @entity2204 epsilon4 gene polymorphism in @entity1294 @entity1 in the North Indian population. DESIGN: A hospital-based association study on @entity1294 @entity1 proven on the basis of clinical profile and MRI. @entity1 : A group of 107 @entity303 @entity1 and 162 age- and sex-matched controls from a North Indian cohort participated in the study. All @entity1 had Mini Mental State Examination scores less than 24 and met the DSM-IV criteria for @entity303 . RESULTS: The frequency of genotype 1/1 and allele 1 in @entity303 (73.12 and 83.70%, respectively) was higher than what had been reported so far in @entity195 . A significant association of @entity3666 intron 8 polymorphism was found with @entity303 but not with @entity1294 (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.27-5.00). On the other hand, @entity2204 epsilon4 allele was found to significantly increase the risk for both vascular and @entity303 (p = 0.0001, OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.74-6.86). CONCLUSION: While @entity2204 epsilon4 allele increases the susceptibility to both @entity1294 , @entity3666 allele 1 increases the susceptibility to @entity303 only.

title: Presenilin gene predisposes to late-onset degenerative but not @entity1294 : a comparative study of @entity3666 and XXXX genes in a North Indian Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'ApoE']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'degenerative dementias']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementias', 'degenerative and vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'degenerative dementias other than AD']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['ApoE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological adverse effects in intravenous drug users represent a challenge in the management of anti-HCV therapy. AIMS: To evaluate the @entity308 during the first weeks of anti-HCV therapy and to assess their impact on the early virological response and discontinuation of therapy. SUBJECTS: A prospective cohort study of @entity3531 -infected drug addicts on a detoxification program at the onset of therapy with peg-interferon and @entity5371 . METHODS: A self-report screening of @entity308 (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale) and a questionnaire investigating treatment adherence and the presence of side effects were prospectively administered. RESULTS: The mean baseline Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale score of the 43 subjects studied was 17.3. This value did not worsen significantly after 4 and 12 weeks of therapy. A higher depressive score at baseline neither significantly affected the early virological response, nor the early treatment discontinuation. Conversely, a higher symptoms score (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.71) was associated with a greater probability of early treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: A depressive attitude should not be considered a contraindication to the treatment of @entity3531 -infected drug addicts on the detoxification program in which they are monitored by a multidisciplinary team. Effective management of side effects could increase the treatment adherence during the first weeks of therapy and increase the possibility of an early virological response.

title: Does XXXX symptomatology affect medication compliance during the first weeks of anti-HCV therapy in intravenous drug users?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hepatic signal recovery, rather than reduction, in @entity11830 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potential diagnostic marker of @entity409 . We investigated hepatic signal recovery in @entity35 with @entity2545 ( @entity21953 )-induced Kupffer cell (KC) damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity35 received 8   mol @entity68 /kg of @entity11830 1  day after 0-7.5  mg/kg @entity21953 injection (experiment A). Another 12 @entity35 received @entity11830 followed by @entity21953 injection 6  h later (experiment B). In each experiment, three @entity35 without @entity21953 ("no injury group") served as control. Another six @entity35 received @entity21953 alone without @entity11830 . Hepatic signals were assessed on T 2 (*) -weighted images for up to 29  days. @entity68 deposits were histologically examined on day 29. RESULTS: Hepatic signal recovery was delayed in a @entity21953 dose-dependent manner in experiment A. @entity2545 alone reduced hepatic signal 15  % during this experiment. Hepatic signal recovery was delayed only in @entity35 that received 7.5  mg/kg @entity21953 in experiment B. Hepatic signals negatively correlated with @entity68 deposits in KCs and hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: Hepatic signal recovery on @entity11830 -enhanced MRI was delayed in the context of @entity21953 -induced @entity131 due to increased hepatic @entity68 deposits. Hepatic signal recovery may be used as a clinical marker of @entity131 in @entity409 , including radiation-induced @entity99 .

title: Delayed hepatic signal recovery on @entity11830 -enhanced magnetic resonance images: an experimental study in @entity35 livers with @entity2545 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['KC damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disorders', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium chloride', 'gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity11830 :: ('MESH:C065507', 'Chemical') :: ['ferucarbotran']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Kupffer cell damage']


abstract: Monomers of purified @entity6545 protein polymerize into helical fibers whose pitch is 7.2 nm to 7.5 nm and whose diameter is 11 nm. Either short (approximately 0.2 micron), single fibers, or bundles of aligned, longer fibers, can be formed preferentially, by varying the @entity1025 concentration. When @entity6545 protein is bound to circular, single-stranded phi X174 DNA it forms helical fibers of different classes of contour lengths, ranging from 0.98 micron, depending upon the conditions of assembly. Two different helical pitches are found, one of 9.3 nm when the incubation buffer contains, besides the obligatory @entity1025 , either @entity855 gamma S or @entity855 accompanied by single-strand binding protein, and one of 5.5 nm when the latter additives are omitted. Preformed fibers of the compact type can be converted to open ones of 9.3 nm pitch upon addition of @entity855 gamma S, even after the removal of unbound @entity6545 . All signs of helicity are obliterated upon @entity3584 cross-linking except in those fibers whose assembly has been mediated by @entity855 gamma S. @entity6545 protein and single-strand binding protein are competitively bound to single-stranded DNA. Composite complexes, however, are not encountered unless @entity855 gamma S is present. Otherwise, segments of DNA that are coated by one or the other protein are seen as separate regions. When the assembly of complexes of single-stranded DNA and @entity6545 is mediated by single-strand binding protein and @entity855 , the axial separation between successive bases is 0 X 42 nm, somewhat greater than the axial distance between bases in one strand of duplex DNA in the B form. It is proposed that the bases of the single-stranded DNA in the complex are located near its inner surface, and that base-pairing with double-stranded DNA takes place following invasion of the central cavity of the complex.

title: Fibers of @entity6545 protein and complexes of XXXX protein and single-stranded phi X174 DNA as visualized by negative-stain electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity6545 :: (5888,Gene) :: ['RecA']


abstract: The means by which @entity172 @entity731 cannot be explained solely by changes in circulating lipoprotein levels. We studied the effects of @entity53 on the binding, incorporation, and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). @entity172 receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus of BAEC could be demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining. @entity53 was found not to affect surface binding of LDL to BAEC. However, at physiologic concentrations (50 pg/ml), @entity53 did enhance LDL uptake by the BAEC (P less than 0.005). This enhancement was present but somewhat reduced at higher concentrations of @entity172 (P less than 0.05). Only approximately 10% of incorporated LDL was @entity2804 soluble, indicating a low rate of LDL degradation. The relative rate of LDL breakdown within the BAEC was not altered by @entity172 . These results, showing @entity172 stimulation of LDL uptake by the BAEC, do not clarify the protective effect of this hormone. It is speculated that @entity172 may augment the cellular clearance of LDL.

title: Effect of @entity53 on low density lipoprotein uptake by XXXX aortic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['retards atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics, the type of impact, the site and the treatment of maxillofacial @entity174 sustained during baseball and softball to develop an effective preventive strategy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data of 82 @entity1 treated for baseball- and softball-related maxillofacial @entity174 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University between 1982 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Injuries were found in 64 @entity1 in baseball and 16 @entity1 and two @entity1 in softball with average ages of 19.6 and 30.0 years, respectively. @entity174 were caused by being hit by the ball in 61 @entity1 followed by collision in 16 @entity1 . @entity174 of the mandible and the mid-face were found in 44 and 38 @entity1 , respectively. The mental and angle region of the mandible and zygoma and alveolar bone of the maxilla were frequently involved. Treatment was mostly conservative. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed only in 15 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Most maxillofacial @entity174 in these sports were ball-related. Therefore, effective preventive means should be considered to protect against such injuries.

title: Maxillofacial XXXX sustained during baseball and softball.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recommendations to restrict @entity258 contrast to high-risk @entity1 having cardiac angiography have been challenged because of safety and uncertainty about selection criteria. The authors document frequency and severity of adverse events with diagnostic cardiac angiography under the influence of guidelines for selective use of @entity258 contrast in high-risk @entity1 and refine high-risk criteria. METHODS: Subjects of this prospective cohort study were 7,448 unselected @entity1 having diagnostic cardiac angiography in St. John's, Newfoundland or Ottawa, Ontario. Measures included prespecified risk factors, procedure, contrast, and adverse events such as @entity204 within 24 hours, @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity943 , @entity551 , and anaphylactoid reactions. RESULTS: @entity1 were similar at both sites. Fourteen point two percent received @entity258 nonionic agents in St. John's. Thirty-four point one percent received @entity258 (mostly ionic) media in Ottawa. Overall adverse event rates were similar at both sites: @entity204 , 0.07%; @entity583 or @entity64 , 0.03%; moderate events, 2%; and mild events, 16.8%. Event rates were low in those given high-osmolality media: @entity204 , 0.02%; @entity583 or @entity64 , 0.24%; moderate events, 1.6%; and mild events, 18%. The risk with @entity1455 and prior severe reaction to contrast could not be examined, but otherwise only current @entity712 and markers of recent @entity63 were associated with events after high-osmolality media. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians, using guidelines, can identify high-risk @entity1 and should be able to safely limit use of @entity258 media to them.

title: Safety and criteria for selective use of XXXX contrast for cardiac angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-osmolality']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-osmolality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both surgery and radiotherapy are recognized treatments of T1-T2 @entity957 of the larynx. We retrospectively analyze and compare the oncological outcome of @entity1 treated in a single institution, either by endoscopic surgery or partial supracricoid laryngectomy versus radiation therapy. METHODS: The medical records of 156 @entity1 treated between 1983 and 1996 with either surgery (n = 75) or radiotherapy (n = 81) were reviewed. Male to female ratio, median age, and T-stage distribution were comparable. RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 59 months, the 5-year cause-specific survival rate of 93% was identical for both groups. The actuarial incidence of metachronous second primaries was 7% at 5 years. Local control at 5 years remained 84% after surgery and 77% after radiotherapy. Anterior commissure infiltration was shown to represent a negative predictive factor of local control for radiotherapy (p =.01). Salvage treatment brought ultimate local control to 96% of @entity1 after surgery and 94% after radiation therapy with long-term laryngeal preservation rate altered significantly (p =.05) in the group of @entity1 who received radiotherapy (90.1% vs 97.4%). CONCLUSION: The treatment of @entity5 is always a compromise between oncological efficiency and preservation of function. Our data suggest that, assuming proper selection of @entity1 , radiation therapy and surgery yield similar local control and survival rates. The functional disadvantages after surgery are moderate and clearly counterbalanced by a significant decrease in long-term laryngeal preservation rate after radiotherapeutic treatment.

title: Treatment of early stage XXXX of the glottic larynx: endoscopic surgery or cricohyoidoepiglottopexy versus radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in Chinese @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with stage III and IV (UICC1997) were treated by Intergroup 0099 regimen, consisting of CCRT using @entity900 100 mg/m(2) on D1, 22, and 43 of radiotherapy, followed by ACT using @entity900 80 mg x m(-2) x d(-1) and 5-Fu 1 g x m(-2) x 4 d(-1) given from D71, 99, and 127. All the @entity1 were irradiated with conventional fractionation to a total dose of 68 Gy to the nasopharynx and 66 Gy to the neck. Acute @entity137 and late complication were assessed by the RTOG radiation morbidity scoring scheme. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 49 months, the overall 5-year survival and relapse-free survival rates were 71.3% and 43.5% respectively. No grade 5 @entity137 was observed in this series, the main grade 3/4 acute @entity137 events were @entity1503 in 25 @entity1 (33.8%), @entity33 in 19 @entity1 (25.7%), and grade 3 @entity272 in 6 (8.1%), respectively. The compliance rates were 100.0% for radiotherapy, 75.7% for CCRT, and 47.3% for CCRT plus ACT. The main grade 3/4 late complications were severe @entity137 (17 cases), @entity2169 (13 cases), and the neck skin/subcutaneous tissue disease (7 cases). The 5-year cumulative incidence of late @entity137 was 44.3%. CONCLUSION: Compared with routine radiotherapy, the concomitant chemo-radiotherapy may improve the outcome of locoregionally advanced @entity189 in the Chinese @entity1 , with higher incidence of severe acute @entity137 and similar late complications.

title: [Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'salivary gland toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'nasopharygeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear injury']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharygeal carcinoma']


abstract: We investigated the correlation between the technique of radiation therapy used and the regrowth pattern of recurrent @entity463 multiformes of 48 @entity1 who received initial radiation therapy in our clinic from April, 1974 to March, 1988. Three different techniques have been applied to @entity1 with @entity1313 : whole brain irradiation, generous local irradiation (the parallel opposing technique or three field technique, in which the treatment field fully covers the peritumoral low density area on CT images), and restricted local irradiation (the rotation technique, in which the treatment field is restricted to within about 2 cm of the @entity5 margin on CT images). Radiation dose of the treatment field was over 45 Gy in every case. The regrowth pattern was defined as being one of the followings: inside of the treatment field, outside of the treatment field (this includes the boundary zone between the treatment and the non-treatment field), and remote from the treatment field-which mostly due to the @entity5 spreading through ventricular systems. In all 7 cases that received whole brain irradiation, @entity5 recurred inside of the treatment field. Two of these 7 cases showed remote recurrence at the same time. Mean duration time to recurrence was 36.3 weeks. In 27 (90%) of 30 cases that received the generous local irradiation, @entity5 recurred within the treatment field. Only one showed outside recurrence, and two other cases showed remote recurrence. The mean duration time to recurrence in this group was 32.2 weeks. Of 11 cases that received restricted local irradiation, 3 cases (27%) showed recurrence outside of the treatment field, one showed recurrence in a remote area. The mean duration time to recurrence in this group was 38.3 weeks, but was not significantly longer than that of other two groups. These results indicate that restricted local irradiation sometimes fails to cover the @entity5 invaded area, and that the results of treatment using generous local irradiation are almost the same as those using whole brain irradiation. This suggests that generous local irradiation is advantageous to @entity1 with @entity1313 since the incidence of subacute side effects such as @entity1032 is much lower in local irradiation as compared with whole brain irradiation.

title: [Regrowth pattern of XXXX multiforme after radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiotherapy of recurrent @entity135 is limited in dose due to pre-treatment up to normal tissue tolerance doses. Surgery alone is limited by the problems related to pre-surgery, post-radiation @entity82 , and infiltration of @entity5 into nerves and vessels too closely to be completely removed. Our aim was to evaluate the possible role of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in such @entity5 treated with palliative intent. METHODS: In the last 10 years, we performed 113 intraoperative irradiations in a total of 84 pre-irradiated @entity1 with @entity135 . The @entity1 data were evaluated with regard to palliative effect, complications of treatment, recurrence and survival after IORT. RESULTS: Palliation of symptoms, as assessed by clinical evaluation, was achieved in 88% of symptomatic @entity1 , often just by removal of large exophytic or exulcerating @entity5 , with IORT preventing their immediate recurrence after surgery. The complication rate did not exceed that expected after surgery alone. The median survival after IORT was 6.8 months, with a median time to local @entity5 recurrence or progression of 3.7 months. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative irradiation can be used as a palliative treatment option in pre-treated @entity135 with satisfactory results. With large and infiltrating @entity5 , however, recurrences or @entity5 progression occur close to the IORT portals, thus rendering this method unsuitable for achieving long-term control in such extended @entity5 .

title: Intraoperative radiotherapy for pre-irradiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']