abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to clarify clinicopathologic characteristics of, and to evaluate an aggressive treatment strategy for, @entity157 with @entity5 thrombi. METHODS: From 1980 to 1999, a total of 132 @entity1 underwent hepatectomy for @entity157 . Of these, 17 @entity1 had macroscopic @entity5 thrombi and were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The operative procedures included right hepatic trisegmentectomy (n = 1), right or left hepatic lobectomy (n = 11), and segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy (n = 5). In 13 @entity1 , @entity5 thrombi extended beyond the hepatic confluence and was treated by thrombectomy through a choledochotomy in 8 @entity1 and extrahepatic bile duct resection and reconstruction in 5 @entity1 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 47% and 28%, respectively, with a median survival time of 2.3 years. These survival rates were similar to those achieved in 115 @entity1 without @entity5 thrombi. In a multivariate analysis, expansive growth type and solitary @entity5 were independent prognostic variables for favorable outcome after operation, whereas @entity5 thrombi was not a significant prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery after appropriate preoperative management of @entity157 with @entity5 thrombi yields results similar to those of @entity1 without biliary involvement. Hepatectomy with thrombectomy through a choledochotomy appears to be as effective as a resection procedure.

title: @entity157 with XXXX thrombi: aggressive operative approach after appropriate preoperative management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary tumor']


abstract: Porcine @entity5442 is consistently associated with the presence of intracellular curved bacteria in epithelial cells in affected portions of intestine. Two strains of these intracellular bacteria were cultured in a cell culture system with @entity35 enterocytes (IEC-18) and passaged several times and used as oral inocula for 14 gnotobiotic and 8 conventional @entity1707 . DNA and immunological studies had identified these bacteria as belonging to a new taxon, Ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis. Conventional @entity1707 dosed with approximately 3.7 x 10(6) of these organisms passaged six times in cell culture developed severe lesions of @entity5442 in the ileum. Other conventional @entity1707 dosed with a lower titer or with organisms passaged 13 times developed moderate and minor lesions, respectively. All gnotobiotic @entity1707 dosed with organisms failed to develop lesions. Control @entity1707 , eight conventional and two gnotobiotic, dosed with diluent, uninfected cell material or left undosed failed to develop lesions also. Reisolation of IS intracellularis and demonstration of the organism in mucosal and fecal samples only occurred in conventional @entity1707 dosed with organisms. Gnotobiotic @entity1707 lacking a normal intestinal flora have not been shown to be colonized by the organism. Seroconversion to IS intracellularis or mucosal infiltration by inflammatory cells was not observed in experimentally affected @entity1707 , confirming the weak immune response characteristic of the natural disease. These results support the identification of IS intracellularis as an etiological agent of @entity5442 in @entity1707 .

title: Reproduction of porcine XXXX with pure cultures of ileal symbiont intracellularis.

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative enteropathy']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['proliferative enteropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine continuous EEG (cEEG) patterns that may be unique to anti- @entity143 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 in a series of adult @entity1 with this disorder. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical and EEG data of 23 hospitalized adult patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 who underwent cEEG monitoring between January 2005 and February 2011 at 2 large academic medical centers. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 underwent a median of 7 (range 1-123) days of cEEG monitoring. The median length of hospitalization was 44 (range 2-200) days. Personality or behavioral changes (100%), @entity717 (82.6%), and @entity410 (78.3%) were the most common symptoms. Seven of 23 @entity1 (30.4%) had a unique electrographic pattern, which we named "extreme delta brush" because of its resemblance to waveforms seen in premature @entity1 . The presence of extreme delta brush was associated with a more prolonged hospitalization (mean 128.3    47.5 vs 43.2    39.0 days, p = 0.008) and increased days of cEEG monitoring (mean 27.6    42.3 vs 6.2    5.6 days, p = 0.012). The modified Rankin Scale score showed a trend toward worse scores in @entity1 with the extreme delta brush pattern (mean 4.0    0.8 vs 3.1    1.1, p = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS: Extreme delta brush is a novel EEG finding seen in many patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 . The presence of this pattern is associated with a more prolonged illness. Although the specificity of this pattern is unclear, its presence should raise consideration of this syndrome.

title: Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti- @entity143 receptor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: We prospectively followed a case series of 68 @entity1 with 69 AO/ASIF 41-C-type @entity174 treated with the Less Invasive Stabilization System for the proximal lateral tibia. We assessed malreduction, secondary loss of reduction, and @entity281 rates in @entity1 with a locked screw plate for unilateral fixation of bicondylar @entity174 . Sixty-two (91%) @entity1 returned for final followup (range, 11-13 months). @entity893 were defined as an intraarticular step-off of 2 mm or greater, or as a malalignment in the frontal or sagittal plane greater than 5 degrees . Fourteen @entity174 were open. Primary bone grafting was done in 13 @entity1 . Significant malreduction was seen in 16 @entity1 . There were four superficial @entity281 . One @entity174 did not heal, and nine @entity1 had substantial loss of reduction. Unilateral locked screw plating is a good alternative for treatment of problematic @entity174 of the tibial plateau that are associated with soft tissue damage and metaphyseal comminution. The reduction technique for exact alignment is demanding.

title: Single lateral locked screw plating of bicondylar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and one deep infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['Malreduction and malalignment']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: The present investigation was carried out with the objective of formulating a gellified emulsion of @entity18575 , an anti-acne agent. The formulations were prepared using four different vegetable oils, viz. almond oil, jojoba oil, @entity5420 oil, and @entity3505 germ oil, owing to their emollient properties. The idea was to overcome the skin irritation and dryness caused by @entity18575 , making the formulation more tolerable. The gellified emulsions were characterized for their homogeneity, rheology, spreadability, drug content, and stability. In vitro permeation studies were performed to check the drug permeation through @entity35 skin. The formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, as well as their acute skin irritation potential. The results were compared with those obtained for the marketed formulation. Later, the histopathological examination of the skin treated with various formulations was carried out. Formulation F3 was found to have caused a very mild @entity6349 change to the epidermis. On the other hand, the marketed formulation led to the greatest @entity6349 change. Hence, it was concluded that formulation F3, containing @entity5420 oil (6%w/w), was the optimized formulation. It exhibited the maximum drug release and anti-microbial activity, in addition to the least skin irritation potential.

title: Formulation and characterization of XXXX gellified emulsions.

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity18575 :: (MESH:D001585,Chemical) :: ['benzoyl peroxide']


abstract: Several studies have supported the hypothesis that @entity16663 formation is the result of a multistep process. The angiogenic switch has been proposed to be a key step in @entity5 progression from @entity2513 . In this study we measured the cytosolic concentrations of three proteins involved in angiogenesis [namely platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor vascular endothelial cell growth factor A ( @entity7 ), and @entity3499 ( @entity3499 )] in a series of 43 @entity1 sporadic @entity16663 . The @entity5 were classified as @entity652 (n = 18), transitional @entity5 (n = 12), or @entity189 (n = 13) according to the histological criteria defined by Weiss. Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/ @entity1014 phosphorylase levels were not significantly different among these three groups. One hundred percent of the @entity652 and 73% of the transitional @entity5 showed @entity7 concentrations under the threshold value of 107 ng/g protein, whereas 75% of the @entity189 had @entity7 concentrations above this threshold value. Similarly, 89% of the @entity652 showed @entity3499 concentrations above the threshold value of 57 microg/g protein, whereas only 25% of the @entity189 and 33% of the transitional @entity5 samples did so. Insulin-like growth factor II overexpression, a common @entity74 of @entity1636 , was significantly correlated with higher @entity7 and lower @entity3499 concentrations. The @entity5 from the 6 @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence after surgical ablation showed significantly higher @entity7 values than the @entity189 and the transitional @entity5 from @entity1 that did not relapse. Taken together, these data suggest that a decrease in @entity3499 expression is an event that precedes an increase in @entity7 expression during @entity16663 progression. The population of @entity5 with low @entity3499 and normal @entity7 levels could represent a selective target for antiangiogenic therapies.

title: Expression of the angiogenesis markers vascular endothelial growth factor-A, @entity3499 , and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in @entity1 sporadic XXXX : correlation with genotypic alterations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors', 'adrenocortical tumor']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma to carcinoma']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: Growth of a @entity840 @entity157 was suppressed when @entity5 cells were mixed with viable @entity5125 (LM) before intradermal (id) injection into syngeneic recipients. Heat-killed LM were less effective than viable organisms in suppressing @entity5 growth. A vaccine containing oil droplets and LM cell walls lacked antitumor activity. Intratumor injection of viable LM on the 7th day after id injection of @entity5 cells prolonged survival of @entity840 that did not succumb to @entity5124 . After intratumor injection of 0.6 times 10-8-1.0 times 10-8 LM, 5 of 22 @entity840 died from @entity697 (23 percent). In the 17 survivors, 3 @entity5 regressed completely (18 percent). Animals surviving injections of LM and @entity5 cells were immune to a second challenge with @entity5 cells. Immunization ofguinea @entity1707 with an intravenous injection of LM decreased the mortality from intratumor injection of LM, but the intratumor injection of LM failed to cure a significant fraction of LM-immune animals bearing 7-day @entity157 transplants. BCG was more effective than LM in producing @entity5 regression. Synergism between LM and BCG was not observed, and simultaneous intratumor injection of BCG and LM was no more effective than intratumor injection of BCG alone in the treatment of 12-day @entity5 transplants.

title: Antitumor activity of bacterial infection. II. effect of @entity5125 on growth of a XXXX @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['LM infection']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the geographic distribution of the male/female ratio (MFR) of mortality from @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 1991-1995 in Spain, and to examine wether the differences between @entity1 and @entity1 in exposure to cardiovascular risk factors could explain such distribution. METHODS: Mortality data come from National Vital Statistics. Age-adjusted mortality rates for the period 1991-1995 were calculated for @entity299 and @entity66 using the direct method, in population aged 40 to 79 years. Data on @entity286 and @entity167 consumption, @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity6 , @entity28 , sedentariness, and health services use come from the 1993 Spanish National Health Survey, and socioeconomic data from the 1991 Population Census. Data were analyzed by correlation and Poisson regression methods. RESULTS: MFR of mortality from @entity299 and @entity66 are higher in the provinces of the north of Spain, and are correlated negatively with mortality from @entity299 and @entity66 . This negative association is stronger for mortality in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Among the risk factors examined, only MFR of @entity167 consumption showed a significant (p < 0.05) association with MFR of mortality from @entity299 and @entity66 . MFR of @entity167 consumption explains 23 and 14% of the provincial variation in MFR of mortality from @entity299 and @entity66 , respectively, and showed a U shaped relationship with MFR of mortality for both diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Provinces in the north of Spain, which register the lowest @entity65 , show the highest MFR of @entity299 and @entity66 mortality, because of the lower mortality in @entity1 than in @entity1 . As derived from the dose-response relationship between MFR of @entity299 and @entity66 mortality and the MFR of @entity167 consumption, a higher @entity167 consumption in @entity1 could contribute to a higher MFR of @entity65 in some Spanish provinces.

title: [Geographical distribution of the male/female ratio of XXXX in Spain].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete response (CR) at the primary @entity5 site as assessed by clinical examination following induction chemotherapy with PF ( @entity900 and @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ]) is a favorable predictive factor for overall survival and disease control in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 . In most series, the rate of CR at the primary site after induction PF was 20% to 30%. This study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of induction nab- @entity1311 and cetuximab given with PF (ACPF) followed by definitive chemoradiation (CRT) in a phase 2 trial. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with ACPF (nab- @entity1311 100 mg/m(2) /week; cetuximab 250 mg/m(2) /week; @entity900 75 mg/m(2) on day 1; @entity1487 750 mg/m(2) /day on days 1 through 3) every 21 days for 3 cycles followed by CRT ( @entity900 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 22, and 43 of @entity1161 [ @entity1161 ]). CR at the primary @entity5 site after 2 cycles of ACPF was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled, of which 22 (73%) had large (T3/T4) primary @entity5 . The CR rate at the primary @entity5 site after 2 cycles of ACPF was 53% and the overall response rate was 100%. Twenty-nine (96%) @entity1 completed 3 cycles of ACPF, 26 (90%) completed definitive @entity1161 per protocol, and 22 of the 27 evaluable @entity1 (81%) received > 2 of the 3 planned doses of @entity900 with @entity1161 . The estimated 2-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 84% and 65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Induction ACPF resulted in a high CR rate (53%) at the primary @entity5 site even in large @entity5 and did not adversely affect delivery of definitive CRT. Further investigation of ACPF is warranted.

title: A phase 2 trial of induction nab- @entity1311 and cetuximab given with @entity900 and @entity1487 followed by concurrent XXXX and radiation for locally advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Extraintestinal pathogenic @entity526 (ExPEC) is an important pathogen that can cause @entity281 in a broad spectrum of mammals and birds. To date, commercial vaccines against @entity21488 in @entity1707 are rare and antibiotic resistance has become a serious clinical problem. Identification of protective antigens is helpful for developing potentially effective vaccines. In this study, two outer membrane porins, OmpC and OmpF, of porcine ExPEC were cloned and expressed to investigate their immunogenicity. Intraperitoneal immunization of @entity19 with the purified recombinant proteins OmpC and OmpF stimulated strong immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses. Both IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses were induced, with a predominance of IgG1 production. After challenge with 2.5   10(7) CFU (5   LD50 ) of the highly virulent ExPEC strain PCN033, 62.5% and 87.5% protection was observed in @entity19 immunized with OmpC and OmpF, respectively. In addition, both anti-OmpC and anti-OmpF sera can mediate complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ompC gene was ubiquitously present in all @entity526 strains, whereas the ompF gene was mutated in certain strains. Furthermore, the selection analysis indicated that gene ompC may be subject to strong immune pressure. Our results demonstrated that OmpC is a promising vaccine target against @entity21488 in @entity1707 .

title: Immunogenic characterization of outer membrane porins OmpC and OmpF of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21488 :: ('MESH:D004927', 'Disease') :: ['ExPEC infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The survival of whole and bisected @entity95 morulae cryopreserved by the vitrification method was investigated. The embryos were loaded in a column of vitrification solution (VS, a mixture of 25% @entity653 and 25% @entity2771 in PBS+16% calf serum), which was located between two columns of 1 M @entity969 solution in a plastic straw. The embryos were frozen by being plunged into liquid @entity1568 and thawed in a water bath at 20 degrees C. Two methods of loading embryos into straws were used: the single and double column vitrification solution methods. The embryonic survival rates between these two methods were compared. Seventy-one (86.6%) out of 82 morulae vitrified in double column straws developed into the blastocyst stage in vitro. Eleven (18.3%) live fetuses were obtained after the transfer of 60 frozen-thawed morulae to four recipients. By contrast, the survival rate (36.5%, 27 74 ) of embryos vitrified in the single column straws was significantly lower (P<0.05). The vitrification solution of the single column straws became opaque, indicating ice-crystal formation, upon thawing in 5 of 11 straws, which was assumed to have damaged the embryos. More than 80% (29 36 ) of the bisected morulae frozen and thawed in the double column straws developed to the blastocyst stage in vitro when cryoprotectant was diluted stepwise with 1 M and 0.25 M @entity969 solution. When the cryoprotectant was removed by one-step dilution with 1 M @entity969 solution, swelling in blastomeres was observed and the development rate of the recovered embryos decreased (45.8%, 11 24 ). These results indicate that the vitrification method employed in our experiment is not only efficient for the cryopreservation of @entity95 morulae, but it can also be used for the preservation of bisected @entity95 morulae, which had not been successful using previous methods.

title: The survival of whole and bisected XXXX morulae after cryopreservation by the vitrification method.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Several recent observations suggest that the vascular medium is a mosaic of functionally and morphologically unique cell types. This diversity includes differences in cell phenotype and expression of cytoskeletal and contractile proteins as well as heterogeneity of the number and activity of @entity972 (K+) channel types. K+ channels play a role in the regulation of arterial tone and in the control of cell proliferation. There is evidence for cell to cell, segment to segment, and vascular bed to bed diversity of K+ channels that could explain the varying responses of arterial segments or different arteries to stimuli such as @entity519 , vasoactive drugs, or @entity1317 . Pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells contain several types of K+ channels, including @entity460 sensitive (KCa), delayed rectifier ( @entity319 ), and @entity855 gated (KATP). @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is more prominent in the resistance than in the conduit arteries. HPV is initiated by the inhibition of a @entity319 channel, resulting in membrane depolarization, increase in the intracellular @entity460 , and contraction. We have shown that some pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are enriched in @entity319 channels whereas others have more KCa channels. These cells can be differentiated by their morphology (using light microscopy and electron microscopy) and their electrical properties (using patch-clamp techniques). Although present throughout the pulmonary artery, @entity319 -enriched cells are more prominent in the distal-resistance segments whereas KCa-enriched cells are more prominent in the proximal-conduit segments. @entity842 (NO) causes relaxation in part by activating a KCa channel, causing membrane hyperpolarization and inactivation of the voltage-gated @entity460 channels. NO is a slightly more potent vasodilator in the conduit than in the resistance pulmonary artery. In summary, the pulmonary artery may be thought of as a mosaic of cells that have different proportions of key proteins, such as K+ channel subtypes, which confer upon the cell an ability to respond to a stimulus ( @entity519 or NO) differently than an adjacent cell exposed to the same stimulus. The prevalence of these cells differs from conduit to resistance arteries. Diversity of cell function may be important in physiology and pathophysiology, allowing responses to vasodilators, vasoconstrictors, and proliferative stimuli to vary within or between vascular beds.

title: XXXX channel diversity in vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial wall injury']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: @entity358 is common among wild and managed populations of bottlenose dolphins @entity13552 . The purpose of the study was to apply standardized techniques to the ultrasound evaluation of dolphin lungs, and to identify normal and abnormal sonographic findings associated with @entity66 . During a 5 yr period (2005 to 2010), 498 non-cardiac thoracic ultrasound exams were performed on bottlenose dolphins at the Navy Marine @entity1 Program in San Diego, California, USA. Exams were conducted as part of routine physical exams, diagnostic workups, and disease monitoring. In the majority of routine exams, no abnormal pleural or pulmonary findings were detected with ultrasound. Abnormal findings were typically detected during non-routine exams to identify and track disease progression or resolution; therefore, abnormal results are overrepresented in the study. In order of decreasing prevalence, abnormal sonographic findings included evidence of @entity1986 , @entity1143 , pulmonary masses, and @entity358 . Of these findings, @entity1986 was generally nonspecific as it represented several possible disease states. Pairing ultrasound findings with clinical signs was critical to determine relevance. @entity1143 , pulmonary masses, and @entity358 were relatively straightforward to diagnose and interpret. Further diagnostics were performed to obtain definitive diagnoses when appropriate, specifically ultrasound-guided thoracocentesis, fine needle aspirates, and lung biopsies, as well as radiographs and computed tomography (CT) exams. Occasionally, post mortem gross necropsy and histopathology data were available to provide confirmation of diagnoses. Thoracic ultrasound was determined to be a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting pleural and @entity358 in dolphins.

title: Pulmonary ultrasound findings in a bottlenose dolphin XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation', 'Lung disease', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-interstitial syndrome']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 is the most disabling symptom of @entity11460 . The choice of a pressor agent is largely empiric, and it would be of great value to define predictors of a response. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 35 @entity1 with severe @entity551 due to multiple system @entity194 or @entity4728 , we determined the effect on seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) of placebo, @entity8403 (12.5 mg and 25 mg), @entity3160 (5.4 mg), @entity3352 (50 mg), @entity5018 (600 mg), @entity5834 (250 mg), and @entity2727 (5 mg). In a subgroup of @entity1 , we compared the pressor effect of @entity21172 (5 mg) with the effect of @entity8403 (12.5 mg). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the pressor responses between @entity1 with multiple system @entity194 or @entity4728 . When compared with placebo, the pressor response was significant for @entity8403 , @entity3160 , and @entity3352 . In a subgroup of @entity1 , we confirmed that this pressor effect of @entity8403 , @entity3160 , and @entity3352 corresponded to a significant increase in standing SBP. The pressor responses to @entity5018 , @entity5834 , and @entity2727 were not significantly different from placebo. @entity8403 and @entity21172 elicited similar pressor responses. There were no significant associations between drug response and autonomic function testing, postprandial @entity551 , or plasma @entity2922 levels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that significant increases in systolic blood pressure can be obtained in @entity1 with @entity551 due to primary @entity11460 with @entity8403 in low doses or @entity3160 or @entity3352 in moderate doses. The response to a pressor agent cannot be predicted by autonomic function testing or plasma @entity2661 . Therefore, empiric testing with a sequence of medications, based on the risk of side effects in the individual @entity1 and the probability of a response, is a useful approach.

title: Contrasting actions of pressor agents in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity4728 :: ('MESH:D054970', 'Disease') :: ['pure autonomic failure']

entities_list: @entity8403 :: ('MESH:D010665', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylpropanolamine', 'phenylpropanolamine']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['autonomic failure']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are secreted by activated T cells play a significant role in degradation of the extracellular matrix around the blood vessels and facilitate autoimmune neuroinflammation; however, it remains unclear how MMPs act in lesion formation and whether MMP-targeted therapies are effective in disease suppression. In the present study, we attempted to treat @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) by administration of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for @entity11017 , @entity6929 , and @entity1214 , all of which have MMP-inhibiting functions. @entity1214 , but not siRNAs, significantly suppressed disease development. In situ zymography revealed that gelatinase activities were almost completely suppressed in the spinal cords of @entity1214 -treated animals, while significant gelatinase activities were measured in the @entity6503 lesions of control animals. However, @entity11017 and @entity6929 mRNAs and proteins in the spinal cords of treated @entity35 were unexpectedly upregulated. At the same time, mRNA for @entity22555 were also upregulated. The EnzChek Gelatinase/Collagenase assay using tissue containing native MMPs and TIMPs demonstrated that gelatinase activity levels in the spinal cords of treated @entity35 were suppressed to the same level as those in normal spinal cord tissues. Finally, double immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that @entity6929 immunoreactivities of treated @entity35 were almost the same as those of control @entity35 and that @entity6929 and @entity6930 immunoreactivities were colocalized in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that @entity1214 administration does not suppress MMPs at mRNA and protein levels but that it suppresses gelatinase activities by upregulating TIMPs. Thus, MMP-targeted therapies should be designed after the mechanisms of candidate drugs have been considered.

title: @entity1214 suppresses XXXX by increasing tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity22555 :: ('116510;29543', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and -2']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity6503 :: (MESH:D004681,Disease) :: ['experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Laidlaw coined the term @entity11448 in 1938 to characterize the neodifferentiation of the islet cells of Langerhans from pancreatic duct epithelium. It is well recognized in the pediatric population as a frequent cause of persistent @entity4053 . However, its occurrence in adults is presumed to be rare and, therefore, it is not appreciated as a cause of @entity3190 . Three @entity1 , aged 29, 42, and 63, with adult onset @entity3190 secondary to @entity11448 are reported. All three @entity1 required near-total pancreatectomy. The preoperative findings were consistent with hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 as with @entity9608 . Results of pancreatic imaging studies were normal in two @entity1 and one @entity1 had a pancreatic examination by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with false-positive results. Two of the three @entity1 had previously undergone a 50 per cent distal pancreatectomy in which the resected specimens were interpreted as normal in one @entity1 and consistent with @entity11448 in the second. Both @entity1 subsequently developed recurrent symptomatic hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 that persisted despite dosage adjustments in @entity6335 therapy. The oldest @entity1 underwent a 95 per cent pancreatectomy at the initial surgical exploration because an @entity9608 could not be identified. The other @entity1 underwent a completion 95 per cent pancreatectomy. In both, histochemical examination of each specimen disclosed @entity11448 , characterized by clusters of islet cells interspersed throughout the exocrine tissue.

title: XXXX . An unusual cause of fasting @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism']

answer: @entity11448 :: (MESH:D046768,Disease) :: ['Adult nesidioblastosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To study the potential effect of @entity5616 on postoperative @entity166 following emergency colorectal surgery. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was carried out in three university clinics and two county hospitals in Denmark. @entity1 AND TREATMENT: One hundred and ninety-four consecutive @entity1 undergoing acute colorectal surgery for perforated and/or obstructed large bowel were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive @entity5616 100 mg i.v. twice a day commencing at induction of anesthesia and continued for five days (group I) or i.v. placebo (group II). All @entity1 were given 1.5 g @entity868 plus 3.0 g @entity2261 at the time of surgery. @entity1 with perforation of the colon or rectum were given @entity868 and @entity2261 for further 3 days. All @entity1 were assessed daily until discharge from the hospital. Thirty @entity1 were withdrawn from the study (for reasons such as other diagnosis, refused to continue, medication not given as prescribed). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were observed for signs of @entity166 ; such as @entity2737 , @entity6177 , @entity295 , and @entity55 . RESULTS: Both groups were similar with respect to age, sex, weight, duration of surgery, blood transfusions, and site of the procedure, as well as the histologic nature of the underlying disease process. However, the @entity298 Index (MPI) was significantly higher in group I compared with group II (p < 0.05). @entity2737 , @entity1320 , @entity295 , and @entity55 were 12.9%, 5.2%, 3.8% and 14%, respectively in group I. In group II, the @entity166 were 16.1%, 6.8%, 6.9% and 22%, respectively. Twelve @entity1 (13.8%) in the placebo group developed more than one complication compared with 5 @entity1 (6.5%) in the @entity5616 group. CONCLUSION: @entity5616 may have a beneficial effect on postoperative @entity166 in @entity1 following acute colorectal surgery.

title: The effect of @entity5616 on postoperative XXXX following emergency colorectal surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection', 'wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Mannheim Peritonitis']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious complications']


abstract: @entity7373 ( @entity7373 ), or more simply L1, plays an important role in the progression of @entity1 @entity189 . Overexpression promotes @entity5 -cell invasion and motility, growth in @entity19 and @entity5 metastasis. It is feasible that L1-dependent signalling contributes to these effects. However, little is known about its mechanism in @entity5 cells. We reported previously that L1 is cleaved by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) and that the cytoplasmic part is essential for L1 function. Here we analysed more closely the role of proteolytic cleavage in L1-mediated nuclear signalling. Using OVMz @entity189 cells and L1-transfected cells as a model, we found that @entity2854 -mediated cleavage of L1 proceeds in lipid raft and non-raft domains. The cleavage product, L1-32, is further processed by PS (presenilin)/gamma-secretase to release L1-ICD, an L1 intracellular domain of 28 kDa. Overexpression of dominant-negative @entity3666 or use of a specific gamma-secretase inhibitor leads to an accumulation of L1-32. Fluorescence and biochemical analysis revealed a nuclear localization for L1-ICD. Moreover, inhibition of @entity2854 and/or gamma-secretase blocks nuclear translocation of @entity7373 -dependent gene regulation. Overexpression of recombinant L1-ICD mediates gene regulation in a similar manner to full-length L1. Our results establish for the first time that regulated proteolytic processing by @entity2854 and PS/gamma-secretase is essential for the nuclear signalling of L1 in @entity1 @entity189 cell lines.

title: Nuclear translocation and signalling of @entity7373 in @entity1 @entity189 cells requires XXXX and presenilin/gamma-secretase activity.

entities_list: @entity7373 :: ('3897', 'Gene') :: ['L1-CAM', 'L1 cell-adhesion molecule', 'L1-ICD and L1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity2854 :: (102,Gene) :: ['ADAM10']


abstract: Both @entity1286 (M) and @entity1510 (NL) have been reported to have @entity143 receptor blocking effects, regarded as the reason of opiate physical dependence development. On the other hand, @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) has been known to induce the contraction of isolated @entity840 ileum via @entity934 release. Therefore, different concentrations of M or NL were investigated on the 1 mM @entity367 -induced contraction of isolated @entity840 ileum fixed at a resting tension of 1 g in isolated organ bath. The mean value (359.3 +/- 20 mg) of the @entity367 -elicited contraction force was significantly reduced (318.4 +/- 19.4) by 25 nM M concentration in the medium. Consequently, 500 and 750 nM M caused further decreases in a rather dose-dependent manner (270.8 +/- 17.4 and 167.8 +/- 16.5 mg, respectively). One micromolar M contraction nearly abolished (8.0 +/- 8.2 mg) the @entity367 -induced contraction. A similar effect was obtained with the @entity1510 concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 50 microM. In addition, NL has been shown to elicit the contraction of the isolated M-dependent @entity840 ileum. In the present study, 20- and 30-microM NL concentrations in the bathing medium caused the contraction of the ileum made M-dependent by preincubation with M (333.0 +/- 32.4 and 309.5 +/- 17.7 mg, respectively). These contraction forces were significantly reduced when the NL concentration was increased to 40 microM. And, 50 microM NL concentration not only failed to induce contraction but caused a relaxation (-10.6 +/- 2.3) as well. The results were considered supporting evidence for the fact that both M and NL are @entity143 receptor blockers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1286 and @entity1510 act similarly on XXXX -caused @entity840 ileum contraction.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: We have recently shown that the @entity1 @entity3294 promoter contains a set of 11 distal regulatory elements between @entity2036 -903 and -255 and three proximal regulatory elements between @entity2036 -126 and -33 that are essential for hepatic and intestinal transcription of the @entity3294 gene (Chambaz, J., Cardot, P., Pastier, D., Zannis, V. I., and Cladaras, C. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11676-11685). Deletion or @entity377 substitution analysis has shown that alterations in elements L ( @entity2036 -803 to -773) and K ( @entity2036 -760 to -743) reduced hepatic transcription to 25 and 20% and intestinal transcription to 8 and 4% of control, respectively, as measured by @entity2755 acetyltransferase assays, indicating that these elements play an important regulatory role. @entity377 substitutions in element @entity12440 ( @entity2036 -65 to -33) reduced hepatic and intestinal transcription to 60 and 36% of control, respectively. The factors that recognize regulatory regions L, K, and @entity12440 were analyzed by DNA binding gel electrophoretic and competition assays. This analysis has shown that elements @entity12440 , K, and L bind with different affinities to a newly characterized heat-stable factor, CIIIB1, which is a transcriptional activator of the @entity1 @entity12436 gene (Ogami, K., Kardassis, D., Cladaras, C., and Zannis, V. I. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9640-9646). In addition, elements @entity12440 and K bind a heat-labile activity, designated AIIAB1, and element L binds to several CCAAT box binding activities. Mutations in domain L that prevented the binding of CCAAT box binding activities reduced both hepatic and intestinal transcription to 30% of control, indicating the importance of these factors in transcription. Simultaneous @entity377 substitutions that prevented the binding of CIIIB1 activity in elements @entity12440 , K, and L reduced hepatic and intestinal transcription to 7 and 6% of control, respectively, suggesting that the synergistic interaction of CIIIB1 (bound to the proximal and distal regulatory elements) with CCAAT box proteins (bound to element L) can modulate the level of transcription of the @entity1 @entity3294 gene.

title: Regulation of the @entity1 XXXX gene by the synergistic action of factors binding to the proximal and distal regulatory elements.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity3294 :: (336,Gene) :: ['ApoA-II']


abstract: Mounting evidence clearly indicates an immunologic basis for @entity5029 , parity being the most convincing factor. Genetic susceptibility, physiologic change, and environmental influence may also modulate an individual's risk of developing @entity5029 . Pathologic and follow-up studies further suggests further suggest that currently diagnosed @entity5029 may actually be a heterogeneous entity comprising several disorders of different etiologies (150), such as @entity740 , borderline chronic @entity101 , genetic susceptibility to @entity101 , and genuine @entity5029 . For many diseases, etiologic research and clinical management often go hand in hand. Unfortunately, in the case of @entity5029 , etiologic research may have followed clinical steps too closely and have been misled. For clinical management, genuine @entity1468 and @entity1468 superimposed on chronic @entity101 are treated as virtually the same: The ultimate goal is to prevent @entity3036 . Because a sizable portion of @entity5029 is probably due to @entity740 or latent chronic @entity101 (33), and late-onset gestational @entity101 is of less concern than @entity1468 , one could argue that it may not be clinically important to separate the subtypes of @entity5029 . In etiologic research, however, by focusing on a heterogeneous outcome we have confused ourselves and hampered our progress. On the other hand, one should also realize that currently available techniques are unlikely to substantially improve our proficiency in differential diagnosis. Besides renal biopsy, which is impractical, especially in epidemiologic research, there are virtually no measures available that can distinguish genuine @entity5029 from @entity101 due to @entity8 , chronic @entity101 , or genetic susceptibility. Until noninvasive measures with acceptable-sensitivity and specificity are available for differential diagnosis, frustration in etiologic research on @entity5029 is likely to continue. One clue that may potentially advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis and future prevention of @entity5029 is the finding that smoking reduces risk of @entity5029 . Epidemiologists should transfer this knowledge to laboratory scientists.

title: Epidemiology of pregnancy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['latent renal disorder']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The family of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) plays an important role in mediating the cellular uptake of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds. Members of this family include @entity1 @entity6906 and @entity6907 , which have been widely studied and shown to be involved in the hepatic uptake of hormones, @entity3645 , and many clinically used drugs. However, little is known about the @entity19 orthologue, @entity53681 . We determined expression of @entity19 @entity53681 mRNA and protein using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Interestingly, mRNA transcripts and protein were detectable in a number of tissues including kidney and stomach, and, not surprisingly, the highest expression was noted in liver. Cloning of the full coding region of @entity53681 revealed the presence of two novel splice variants. Interestingly, these splice variants were significantly expressed in organs such as the kidney, but much less in liver. Heterologous expression of the full-length @entity53681 cDNA revealed that @entity7362 , @entity19517 , @entity33210 and @entity8673 are substrates of this transporter. The newly identified splice variants were unable to significantly transport substrate compounds due to defects in cell surface trafficking. Our findings of @entity19 @entity53681 expression and function will likely aid in better defining species related differences in OATP transporter function and the use of @entity19 models to predict hepatic drug disposition in @entity1 .

title: Identification, expression, and functional characterization of full-length and splice variants of XXXX organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone 3-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity33210 :: ('MESH:C025483', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol 17beta-glucuronide']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity151 were treated with a combination of @entity3003 , @entity1260 and @entity2879 . @entity1891 was given on day 14 of each course, the courses being repeated every 28 days for a maximum of six. Thoracic radiotherapy was given 4 weeks after the last course of chemotherapy but no prophylactic cranial radiotherapy was administered. Thirty @entity1 had clinically limited state disease, the remaining @entity1 having @entity135 and/or @entity1143 . Elevated enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, GGT) were noted in 69% of @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 (57%) achieved a complete response (CR) when assessed one month after the end of treatment. A further 21% of @entity1 had a partial response (PR). Median duration of CR was 14 months and of PR 8 months. Cerebral metastases were the sole site of relapse in 13% of the CR @entity1 . Myelosuppression was severe with a median nadir of @entity1398 of 0.2 x 10(9) cells 1-1. However, 74% of the @entity1 group received all six courses of chemotherapy and only 16 courses (7%) were delayed because of @entity137 . There were three deaths associated with treatment-related @entity1398 . The median survival of the total group was 14 months, with an actuarial 2 year survival of 37% and a minimum follow-up of 18 months. [A recent analysis, March 1989, demonstrated a 33%, 2 year actual survival.]

title: @entity3003 , XXXX and @entity2879 with mid-course vincristine and thoracic radiotherapy for 'limited' stage small cell carcinoma of the bronchus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral neck lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) @entity3 in advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of selective @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) based on the pretreatment imaging in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative CRT. METHODS: We reviewed 127 consecutive @entity1 with clinical stage II-III @entity5 below the peritoneal reflection who underwent preoperative CRT and curative resection. @entity5848 was performed in @entity1 with suspected LPLN @entity3 based on MDCT or MRI before CRT ( @entity5848 group, N = 38), and only @entity348 ( @entity348 ) was performed in @entity1 without suspected LPLN @entity3 ( @entity348 group, N = 89). Clinical characteristics and the oncological outcome were compared between groups. RESULTS: The median tumor-to-anal verge distance was 40 mm in both groups. The median maximum long-axis LPLN diameter before CRT was 0 mm in the @entity348 group and 10.5 mm in the @entity5848 group. Pathological LPLN @entity3 was confirmed in 25 @entity1 (66 %) in the @entity5848 group. Local recurrence at LPLN developed in 3 @entity1 (3.4 %) in the @entity348 group and in none (0 %) of the @entity5848 group. Multivariate analysis showed that only ypN was an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (RFS), but LPLN @entity3 was not associated with poor RFS. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of LPLN @entity3 is high even after preoperative CRT, and @entity5848 might improve local control and survival of @entity1 with LPLN @entity3 in advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative CRT.

title: Selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in @entity1 with advanced XXXX treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy based on pretreatment imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['LPLN dissection', 'LPLD']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of completely sequenced plant genomes. The comparison of fully sequenced genomes allows for identification of new gene family members, as well as comprehensive analysis of gene family evolution. The @entity4975 dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily comprises a group of enzymes involved in the @entity2125 - or @entity1110 -dependent conversion of various @entity3125 to their corresponding @entity7574 . ALDH enzymes are involved in processing many @entity3125 that serve as biogenic intermediates in a wide range of metabolic pathways. In addition, many of these enzymes function as ' @entity4975 scavengers' by removing reactive @entity3125 generated during the oxidative degradation of lipid membranes, also known as lipid peroxidation. Plants and animals share many ALDH families, and many genes are highly conserved between these two evolutionarily distinct groups. Conversely, both plants and animals also contain unique ALDH genes and families. Herein we carried out genome-wide identification of ALDH genes in a number of plant species-including @entity958 (thale crest), @entity2060 (unicellular algae), @entity579 ( @entity579 ), @entity17573 (moss), @entity13788 (grapevine) and @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ). These data were then combined with previous analysis of @entity26340 (poplar tree), Selaginella moellindorffii (gemmiferous spikemoss), @entity1101 ( @entity1101 ) and @entity15734 (colonial algae) for a comprehensive evolutionary comparison of the plant ALDH superfamily. As a result, newly identified genes can be more easily analyzed and gene names can be assigned according to current nomenclature guidelines; our goal is to clarify previously confusing and conflicting names and classifications that might confound results and prevent accurate comparisons between studies.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily in plants: gene nomenclature and comparative genomics.

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity15734 :: ('3067', 'Species') :: ['Volvox carteri']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['Sorghum bicolor', 'sorghum']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['Vitis vinifera']

entities_list: @entity17573 :: ('3218', 'Species') :: ['Physcomitrella patens']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity26340 :: ('3694', 'Species') :: ['Populus trichocarpa']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity4975 :: (D000079,Chemical) :: ['Aldehyde']


abstract: We have hypothesized that functional maturation of T lymphocytes can be dissected into a series of discrete stages. For example, activation of T lymphocytes with the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 drives @entity405 + T cells to become dividing blasts, referred to as 'pre-effector' cells in that these blasts do not express cytolytic function but are driven by @entity1199 to do so. Here we characterize via Northern blots the functional maturation of @entity405 + and @entity404 + T-lymphocyte populations which have been activated via @entity3365 followed by stimulation with @entity1199 . Previously we have reported that no detectable @entity1199 was found in the supernatants of @entity3365 -activated pre-effector blasts. However, these cells do express levels of @entity1199 mRNA very similar to those of OKT3-activated blasts, from which @entity1199 is easily detected in the supernatant. Translational control may account for these findings. @entity3365 -activated @entity405 + pre-effector blasts do not respond to stimulation with @entity379 nor do they express @entity379 mRNA following stimulation with @entity1199 . These observations suggest that @entity1199 may be sufficient to stimulate maturation of these cells. Activation via @entity3365 results in lower expression of the @entity13327 relative to that found in OKT3 activation. @entity13327 mRNA levels are higher in @entity405 + than in @entity404 + @entity3365 -activated pre-effector blasts and the @entity13327 level in the @entity405 + pre-effector blasts falls in response to @entity1199 . This decrease in @entity13327 mRNA coincides with an increase in proliferation, and the expression of cytolytic activity.

title: Gene expression in XXXX and @entity404 T-cell populations following activation with the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 .

entities_list: @entity13327 :: ('4602', 'Gene') :: ['C-myb', 'c-myb', 'proto-oncogene c-myb']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: To understand the mechanism of @entity1068 action on G protein-mediated signal transduction pathway, the effect of @entity1068 on muscarinic receptor-G protein coupling in the @entity35 cerebral cortex was examined. @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-stimulated G protein GTPase activity was used as an index of receptor-G protein coupling. @entity1617 stimulation of G protein GTPase activity was time- and concentration-dependent, and @entity3897 -sensitive. @entity35 injected with @entity1068 (3 g/kg body weight) were sacrificed after 4 hr, and the cerebral cortices removed. The ability of @entity1617 to stimulate GTPase activity was similar in cortical cell membranes obtained from control and @entity1068 -treated @entity35 ; @entity1617 maximally stimulated the enzymatic activity by 22% in membranes from both groups of @entity35 . Next, in cortical cell membranes obtained from control @entity35 (i.e., not injected with @entity1068 ) the ability of @entity1617 to stimulate GTPase activity in the presence of @entity1068 was examined. @entity1617 stimulated GTPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner; the activity was 12.3 +/- 0.1, 14.5 +/- 0.64, 15.7 +/- 0.54, and 16.1 +/- 0.33 Pi pmol/min/mg protein, at 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM @entity1617 , respectively (P < 0.05). In the presence of 100 mM @entity1068 @entity1617 -stimulated GTPase activity was significantly inhibited. The IC50 value of @entity1068 inhibition of @entity1617 -stimulated GTPase activity was approximately 50 mM. These results suggest that: 1) in vitro, @entity1068 impairs @entity1617 -stimulated G protein GTPase activity in the @entity35 cortical cell membranes, and 2) in vivo, the acute effects of @entity167 on G protein function may be transient and reversible.

title: The effect of XXXX on muscarinic receptor-G protein coupling in the @entity35 cortex.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the risk of @entity1031 events in the presence of chronic @entity956 and to determine the impact of anticoagulation therapy, if any, on this risk. BACKGROUND: @entity1031 events are thought to be rare after cardioversion of @entity956 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of 110 consecutive @entity1 referred to the electrophysiology laboratory for cardioversion of chronic @entity956 from 1986 to 1996. @entity956 was present for at least 6 months. Of the 110 @entity1 reviewed, 100 had adequate information available regarding the effectiveness of anticoagulation (mean age 64 years, range 27 to 86; 75 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 ; mean left ventricular ejection fraction 42%). RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (13%) had a @entity1031 event. Of these, seven were attributable to causes other than @entity956 . In the remaining six @entity1 (6%), @entity1031 events occurred during a rhythm of @entity956 to sinus rhythm. Other causes of @entity1031 were excluded. Effective anticoagulation was associated with a decreased risk of @entity1031 (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with chronic @entity956 are at an increased risk of @entity1031 events. Effective anticoagulation may decrease this risk.

title: XXXX in chronic @entity956 : is the risk underestimated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter or after cardioversion', 'atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolism']


abstract: Moyamoya is a @entity395 characterized by @entity82 of the internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries, which has been described mainly in young Japanese. We present a case of @entity7025 with renal artery involvement in a young male @entity1 with an African origin. A 15-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to uncontrolled blood pressure, @entity10 , @entity2147 , @entity73 and @entity1188 in the computed tomography. Cerebral arteriography showed the absence of the normal vascular anatomy at the level of the circle of Willis. The intracranial vessels presented severe @entity850 or were occluded and replaced by an extensive network of ectasic collateral vessels. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified asymmetric kidneys, and renal arteriography showed a tight @entity850 of the ostium and proximal segment of right main artery, which was only partially relieved by balloon angioplasty. A saphenous bypass from aorta to the right renal artery re-established the renal blood flow. Blood pressure dropped after surgery and was controlled with low doses of diuretic and beta-blocker. After arteriography he presented @entity1158 , with partial recovering in the following months. In conclusion, we described the first case of @entity7025 with @entity455 in a young adult of African origin, an association that may be more frequent than usually suspected in clinical practice.

title: @entity7025 associated with XXXX in a young African-Brazilian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['renovascular disease']


abstract: Two half brothers (maternally related) had a similar syndrome of microhydrocephaly in both brothers and dilatation of the spinal canal with fusion of thalami in one brother. @entity851 was noted in both brothers, with severe @entity1032 in the surviving brother. Both had @entity2321 with scaling, @entity5656 , and generalized alopecia, but normal sweat and sebaceous glands. Skeletal anomalies included hemivertebrae with abnormal segmentation in one and @entity1635 with @entity5767 in the other. Ears were apparently low set, large, and protruding, with mixed @entity393 in the brother who survived. Eye anomalies included maldevelopment of one eye in @entity1 1 and small optic nerves more noticeable on one side in @entity1 2. Both had @entity246 and @entity8 of varying severity that resulted in the early postnatal death of one sib. Manifestations present in only one or the other sib included @entity2419 , @entity1963 of the rectum and colon, agenesis of one testicle, and single umbilical artery. This syndrome has not been described previously and may be due to an X-linked mutation. The acronym @entity43716 reflects the common findings, whereas BRESHECK denotes all manifestations of both @entity1 : brain, retardation, @entity2321 , @entity85 , @entity1963 , @entity735 , @entity2419 / @entity246 , and @entity8 / @entity509 . In addition to an X-linked mutation, a contiguous gene deletion or maternal mosaicism of an autosomal dominant gene must be considered.

title: Brain anomalies, retardation of mentality and growth, @entity2321 , skeletal malformations, @entity1963 , ear deformity and deafness, @entity735 , @entity2419 , @entity246 , and @entity8 / @entity509 ( XXXX /BRESHECK): new X-linked syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Primordial growth delay']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic/hypoplastic kidneys', 'kidney dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'submucous cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['aganglionosis', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ear/eye anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['ectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity43716 :: (51360,Gene) :: ['BRESEK']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response of a @entity1388 -releasing one-step adhesive in nonexposed monkey teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cervical Class V cavities were prepared in monkey teeth. The cavities were divided into three groups of different restorative materials. A one-step adhesive (SI-IB551, Shofu) was applied to the teeth, and the cavities were filled with a resin composite (Beautifil, Shofu). In the other two groups, a two-step adhesive (Imperva FluoroBond, Shofu) together with either a resin composite (Beautifil) or a glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II, GC) was placed in the cavities. The teeth were then extracted after 3, 30, and 90 days, fixed in 10% buffered @entity406 solution, and prepared according to routine histological techniques. Five-micrometer sections were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , or Brown _ Brenn gram stain for bacterial observation. Four histological features, odontoblastic change, inflammatory cell infiltrate, reparative dentin formation, and the bacterial staining, were evaluated and compared. The results were compared statistically with significance defined as p < 0.05 (Kruskall-Wallis test). RESULTS: Disarrangement of the odontoblasts and slight inflammatory cell infiltrations were the main initial reactions, while deposition of reparative dentin was the major long-term reaction in all groups. No statistically significant differences in the four histological features were seen among the restorative materials placed in the cavities (p > 0.05). No serious pulpal inflammatory reactions, such as @entity39 or @entity733 formation, were observed in any of the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The one-step adhesive showed acceptable biological compatibility with the monkey pulp, whereas the pulpal response to the system was minimally different from that of the glass-ionomer cement or the two-step self-etching adhesive.

title: Effect of a XXXX -releasing one-step adhesive system on monkey pulp tissue.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The factors that influence the prognosis of @entity1 with hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) treated by microvascular decompression (MVD) have not been definitely established. We report a prospective study evaluating the prognostic factors in @entity1 undergoing MVD for HFS. METHODS: From January 2004 to September 2006, the authors prospectively studied a series of 293 @entity1 who underwent MVD for HFS. We prospectively analyzed a number of variables in order to evaluate the predictive value of independent variables for the prognosis of @entity1 undergoing MVD. The @entity1 were followed-up at regular intervals and divided into as cured and unsatisfactory groups based on symptom relief. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total 273 of 293 (94.2%) @entity1 achieved symptom relief within one year after the operation. Intraoperatively, the indentation of the root exit zone was observed in 259 (88.5%) @entity1 . Uni- and multivariate analyses revealed that the symptoms at postoperative 3 months (p<0.001) and indentation of the root exit zone (p=0.036) were associated with good outcomes. CONCLUSION: The intraoperative finding of root exit zone indentation will help physicians determine the prognosis in @entity1 with HFS. To predict the prognosis of HFS, a regular follow-up period of at least 3 months following MVD should be required.

title: Prognostic factors of hemifacial XXXX after microvascular decompression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: A few @entity19 @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) of @entity116 toxin injected into @entity35 hippocampus triggers prolonged changes in neuronal function. Spontaneously recurring @entity302 discharges arise in both the injected and the contralateral, uninjected hippocampus. The @entity410 remit after about 6 weeks, to be succeeded by a permanent @entity308 of hippocampal neuronal responses. There is no evidence of any loss of pyramidal cells at this low dose of toxin. Here we studied presumptive inhibitory, GABAergic neurons, using in situ hybridization (ISH) with a probe directed against the mRNA encoding @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD), at each of 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after injection of @entity116 toxin. @entity302 activity was recorded from hippocampal slices prepared from both injected and contralateral hippocampi of @entity35 at each time point, unexpectedly persisting until 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in the numbers of neurons containing GAD mRNA between toxin- and vehicle-injected and control @entity35 in any hippocampal subfield, at any survival time, except for an apparently transient loss of hilar signal in vehicle-injected @entity35 at 1 and 2 weeks which we attribute to a significant, transient @entity528 mRNA to below the threshold for detection by ISH using this probe. In contrast there was a marked increase in GAD mRNA in the toxin-injected group, which reached a peak at 4 weeks, and returned to control levels by 8 weeks. The changes were bilateral and were most marked in the hilus of the dentate area, but were also significant in @entity1251 and @entity1249 . Upregulation of GAD mRNA was preceded by an increase in the levels of the mRNA for the alpha subunit of the @entity3007 binding protein, Gs (Gs alpha), at 2 weeks which affected the GABAergic neurons selectively, and not the pyramidal or granule cells. These marked changes in GAD mRNA may contribute to putative adaptive responses within GABAergic neurons, which would help contain @entity302 activity in these chronic foci. The changes in GAD expression may be due to mechanisms acting through an increase in mRNA encoding Gs alpha.

title: Increased expression of GAD mRNA during the chronic @entity302 due to intrahippocampal XXXX toxin.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'minimum lethal doses']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epileptic']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neuronal GAD']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High circulating levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and its soluble receptors (sTNFRI, sTNFRII) are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity712 due to @entity1002 . However, their role in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To determine the circulating serum levels of sTNFRI in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity1121 , and to study in detail their relationship with symptom severity and various echocardiographic disease characteristics. @entity1 AND METHODS: sTNFRI serum levels were measured in 66 @entity1 with @entity1121 and 30 age-matched healthy subjects using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for serum levels of soluble @entity310 receptor type I at rest and at 1, 3 (sTNFRI-3e) and 6 h after @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). RESULTS: sTNFRI-r levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1121 than in control subjects (2.8+/-0.8 compared with 1.4+/-0.5 ng/mL, P<0.002). In @entity1 with @entity1121 , there was a significant difference in sTNFRI-r levels between mildly (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class I and II) and severely (NYHA functional class III and IV) symptomatic @entity1 (1.4+/-0.9 compared with 4.8+/-1.0 ng/mL, p<0.001). Higher sTNFRI-r and sTNFRI-3e levels were found in @entity1 with an LV restrictive filling pattern during DSE compared with sustained abnormal relaxation (p<0.052, p<0.004, respectively), and in @entity1 with reduced compared with normal increments in LV fractional shortening during DSE (p<0.02, p<0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in sTNFRI serum levels between @entity1 with @entity1121 and healthy subjects were shown. In @entity1 with @entity1121 , sTNFRI levels were higher in severely symptomatic @entity1 , and in @entity1 with reduced LV systolic and diastolic reserve during DSE. These data suggest that @entity310 may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1121 .

title: Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha soluble receptors type I are related to symptoms and left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1309 and its ligand ( @entity9699 ) have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. Recently, it was reported that @entity9699 expression prevented rejection of allogeneic grafts transplanted under the kidney capsule. In contrast, we reported that enforced @entity9699 expression in subcutaneously grafted cells induced acute rejection even in the syngeneic or immunodeficient hosts. In this study, we investigated whether the @entity9699 -expressing cells could be protected from rejection when transplanted under the kidney capsule. METHODS: @entity1309 -negative cells (baby hamster kidney and @entity706 cells) were transfected with @entity9699 cDNA to express functional @entity9699 . The cells were transplanted into skin or renal subcapsular space of immunocompetent or T cell-deficient nu/nu @entity19 . RESULTS: The parental cells grew well in nu/nu or syngeneic @entity19 but were rejected in allogeneic or xenogeneic immunocompetent @entity19 . The @entity9699 transfectants were rejected when transplanted subcutaneously in all types of @entity19 studied. However, when transplanted under the kidney capsule, they survived in nu/nu or syngeneic @entity19 but were rejected in allogeneic or xenogeneic immunocompetent @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that @entity9699 expression may not be sufficient to protect the grafts from rejection, and the survival of @entity9699 -bearing grafts is substantially influenced by the site of transplantation.

title: Transplantation of XXXX ligand-expressing grafts: influence of transplantation site and difficulty in protecting allo- and xenografts.

answer: @entity1309 :: (14102(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: The existing forms of neutral proteases present in inflamed @entity1 @entity1464 were examined. Neutral 2 M K Cl extracts of inflamed @entity1 gingival tissue were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and the fractions were assayed for collagenase, trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like proteases. Apparent molecular weights of 80-85 kDa were obtained for trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like proteases, and 70-75 kDa for latent collagenase. Further fractionation of high molecular weight proteases on Con A-Sepharose revealed that, unlike collagenase, chymotrypsin- and elastase-like proteases, the @entity37598 was bound by the affinity column. Native @entity1 placental type IV (basement membrane) collagen was degraded by chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like proteases but not by the @entity37598 . This degradation was inhibited by @entity8861 and @entity1098 . The @entity563 proteases also degraded efficiently denatured type I collagen. No correlation of the activities of @entity37598 and the other proteolytic enzymes was found in extracts of 18 individual gingival specimens. Significant correlation, however, was noted between collagenase and gelatinase. The gingival culture studies showed that, while the highest activity of the trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like enzymes were measured in medium during first days of the culture, collagenase and gelatinase activities increased up to the fourth day of culture and stayed high until the end of the culture. These results suggest that the neutral proteases that may participate in the periodontal tissue destruction are produced by different cell types of @entity1464 .

title: Characteristics of neutral proteases present in inflamed XXXX @entity1464 .

entities_list: @entity8861 :: ('MESH:D010664', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity37598 :: ('11012', 'Gene') :: ['trypsin-like protease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been generally accepted that a higher airway seal pressure indicates adequate positioning of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in adult @entity1 . The present study was undertaken to clarify whether a higher airway seal pressure correlates with an adequate positioning of the LMA in paediatric @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and eighty-one healthy @entity1 , aged 6-121 months, weighing 7.0-30.0 kg, managed with size 1.5-2.5 LMAs during elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. LMAs were inserted without using muscle relaxants, and @entity1 breathed spontaneously during surgery. At the end of surgery, we documented oropharyngeal sealing pressure and fibreoptic aperture views of the LMA. We used a new fibreoptic score evaluating the anatomical relationship between LMA aperture and @entity2582 : 1, the aperture view covered with anterior @entity2582 completely, but the airway staying open; 2, anterior @entity2582 seen for more than two-thirds of the aperture view in diameter; 3, anterior @entity2582 seen for more than one-third, but less than two-thirds of the aperture view in diameter; and 4, anterior @entity2582 seen for less than one-third of the aperture view in diameter. RESULTS: The oropharyngeal sealing pressures for each fibreoptic position, scores 1 to 4, were 17.0 +/- 6.4, 17.9 +/- 4.2, 20.1 +/- 7.3 and 17.1 +/- 6.1 cm @entity2507 , respectively. There were no significant differences in sealing pressure between the four groups (P=NS). CONCLUSIONS: A higher airway seal is believed to be one of the clinical signs correlating with the correct position of an LMA. We found no relationship between oropharyngeal sealing pressure and LMA cuff position in paediatric @entity1 .

title: Higher airway seal does not imply adequate positioning of laryngeal mask airways in paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Interstitial @entity82 is regarded as the common final pathway in @entity177 . Myofibroblasts play an important role in the renal @entity82 through producing extracellular matrices. In addition to expressions of cytoskeletons such as @entity7229 , @entity10944 and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), @entity18715 expression was investigated in @entity900 -induced @entity35 @entity8 , to clarify the characteristics of myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemically, myofibroblasts in the renal @entity75 reacted to @entity7229 , @entity10944 and a-SMA in varying degrees, and the expression degrees were increased with advancing @entity82 . @entity7229 expression was the greatest and the increased expression retained even in scar at end stages, whereas @entity10944 and a-SMA expressions were almost completely decreased in scar. In double immunofluorescence, there were myofibroblasts reacting to both @entity7229 / @entity10944 , @entity10944 /a-SMA or a-SMA/ @entity7229 , indicating that renal myofibroblasts can simultaneously express different cytoskeletons. @entity18715 expression in renal myofibroblasts was increased according to progressing @entity82 ; however, the increased expression was decreased in scar, similar to @entity10944 and a-SMA expressions. Some myofibroblasts expressing @entity18715 reacted simultaneously to @entity7229 or @entity10944 , but there were no cells reacting to both @entity18715 and a-SMA. Because well-differentiated myofibroblasts are characterized mainly by a-SMA expression and the pericytes (immature stromal stem cells) showed a positive reaction to @entity18715 , renal myofibroblasts might be originated from immature mesenchymal cells through loosing @entity18715 expression. This study for the first time shows that renal myofibroblasts can variously exhibit such mesenchymal markers as @entity7229 , @entity10944 , a-SMA and @entity18715 ; particularly, @entity18715 immunohistochemistry would be used to detect myofibroblasts at early stages in analyzing chemically induced @entity8 .

title: @entity18715 expression, a possible marker of early myofibroblast development, in renal tubulointerstitial XXXX induced in @entity35 by @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions', 'renal interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: 1. The behaviour of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in @entity1 was examined using pseudo-random and sinusoidal whole-body angular-motion stimuli applied about the @entity41352 by a servo-controlled turn-table. 2. The VOR response was assessed in four conditions; during fixation on a head-fixed target (HFT); during attempted fixation in the dark of an imagined head-fixed (IHFT) or earth-fixed target (IEFT) and in darkness (DRK) whilst performing an auditory discrimination task. 3. When the pseudo-random stimulus was composed of four sinusoids, the three lowest frequencies (0.11, 0.24 and 0.37 Hz) were maintained constant whilst the highest frequency (F4) was varied from 0.39 to 2.08 Hz. In darkness ( @entity558 ) and when imagining a head-fixed target (IHFT condition) the gain of slow-phase eye velocity was not significantly affected by the frequency of the highest-frequency component, although there were significant changes in the phase for the IHFT condition. 4. During fixation of a real head-fixed target ( @entity135 ), both the gain and phase of eye velocity were significantly modified by the frequency (F4) of the highest-frequency component. When F4 was 0.39 Hz, all frequency components had a low gain (mean 0.05), but as F4 was increased there was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in gain for all three low-frequency components which reached a maximum (mean 0.17) when F4 was 2.08 Hz. However, the gain for the highest frequency component always remained comparable to that obtained in response to a single discrete sinusoid of the same frequency. 5. When the stimulus was composed of only two sinusoids a similar increase in gain of the @entity2198 was observed in the head-fixed target condition as the frequency of the higher-frequency component was increased from 0.39 to 2.78 Hz. However, VOR gain was not significantly modified by the frequency of the higher-frequency component when subjects imagined a head-fixed or earth-fixed target in darkness. 6. The findings indicate that high levels of VOR suppression can be achieved in the head-fixed target condition with pseudo-random stimuli when all frequency components are below 0.4 Hz. But if the highest-frequency component rises above 0.8 Hz, optimum suppression is confined to the highest-frequency component, whilst suppression of the low-frequency components is significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of visual and non-visual mechanisms on the vestibulo-ocular reflex during pseudo-random head movements in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HFT condition']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['DRK condition']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['lower-frequency (0.22 Hz) component']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity3814 often result in @entity158 and @entity85 . We compared 2 different balloon kyphoplasty techniques both using intraoperative curettage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults 50 years of age or older with @entity170 and 1 acute @entity2418 were randomized to undergo bilateral BKP in which the curette was used first (n = 57) followed by inflatable bone tamps or in which IBTs were used first, followed by curettage and a second IBT inflation (n = 55). RESULTS: Mean procedure duration was 33.5 and 36.8 minutes, and fluoroscopy duration was 3.8 and 3.7 minutes for the @entity1577 and IBTF groups, respectively. Two-thirds of VCFs were wedge-shaped, and one-half had dynamic mobility. Anterior height restored postoperatively was 2.28 mm (95% CI, 1.49-3.08 mm; P < .001) and 2.78 mm (95% CI, 1.89-3.66 mm; P < .001) for @entity1577 and IBTF groups, representing    35% and 39% of lost height restored, but group differences were not significant (P = .4). Intraoperative anterior height gain attributed to dynamic mobility was 2.96 mm (95% CI, 1.92-4.00 mm; P < .001) and 3.05 mm (95% CI, 2.10-4.00 mm; P < .001); additional height attributed to IBT inflation was 1.09 mm (95% CI, 0.77-1.41 mm; P < .001) and 1.25 mm (95% CI, 0.68-1.82 mm; P < .001), representing a 37% and 41% increase. There was no significant height loss on IBT removal and cementation. Both groups had improved @entity158 and ambulation. Asymptomatic leakage occurred in 15% of VCFs. There was 1 nonserious device-related @entity1410 (IBTF group). One new clinical @entity2418 occurred in each group, but they were not device-related. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques resulted in significant vertebral body height and @entity158 improvement. Procedure and adverse event data demonstrated safe curette use in conjunction with balloon kyphoplasty procedures.

title: A randomized trial comparing 2 techniques of balloon kyphoplasty and curette use for obtaining vertebral body height restoration and @entity3814 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral deformity']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Using an analytical review, the demographic data on @entity11 such as length of survival, and those factors associated with prolonged survival were examined. Seventy-one cases of @entity11 reported since 1975 were combined and reviewed with the seven cases treated at our institution since that time. Thirty-seven @entity1 (47%) had @entity5 and 41 (53%) had grade IV @entity5 . Fifty-nine percent of the @entity5 were located in the hemispheres and 41% were found in the vermis. Median survival for @entity1 with grade III anaplastic @entity816 was 32 months compared to 11 months for those with grade IV @entity463 multiforme (P = 0.0257). For the entire cohort, @entity1 with @entity5 , those who had a surgical resection, and those that had received radiation therapy for treatment of their @entity5 had prolonged survival on multivariable analysis. Radiation therapy was associated with extended survival for @entity1 with @entity5 by uni- and multivariate analysis. For grade IV @entity5 , univariate analysis revealed prolonged survival for those @entity1 who had surgical resection compared to those who had biopsy alone (P = 0.0036) and for those who received external beam radiation therapy (P = 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity11 of the cerebellum had length of survival comparable to their supratentorial counterparts. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may explain the similarity in survival found between supra- and infratentorial @entity11 despite an expected shorter survival because of treatment limitations. Surgical resection followed by radiation therapy is recommended for @entity1 with @entity11 of the cerebellum.

title: XXXX of the cerebellum: an analytic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant cerebellar gliomas', 'malignant gliomas', 'malignant cerebellar glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Malignant gliomas']


abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity6226 alone (50 microg/kg) and a combination of @entity6226 (50 microg/kg) and @entity3652 (2.5 mg/kg) after intrathecal administration in @entity1237 . Ten adult @entity1237 of either sex weighing between 15 and 20 kg were randomly placed in 2 groups (groups I and II). The agents were administered at the lumbosacral subarachnoid space. Clinico-physiological parameters such as @entity1337 , motor incoordination, sedation, salivation, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pressure, central venous pressure and rectal temperature were studied. Other haematobiochemical parameters monitored were packed cell volume, haemoglobin, plasma proteins, @entity413 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 . The onset of @entity1337 was faster in group II (35.5 +/- 6.25 s) compared to that of group I (5.2 +/- 0.54 min). Analgesia of the tail, perineum, hind limbs, flank and thorax was mild to moderate in group I, but complete @entity1337 of tail, perineum and hind limbs was recorded in group II. Motor incoordination was mild in group I and severe in group II. Significant reduction in heart rate (more pronounced in group I) and respiratory rate (more pronounced in group II), and a significant increase in central venous pressure were recorded in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was reduced in both groups, but more markedly in group I. Sedation, electrocardiogram, rectal temperature and haemato-biochemical parameters did not show significant differences between the 2 groups. The results of this study indicated a possible synergistic analgesic interaction between intrathecally administered @entity6226 and @entity3652 , without causing any marked systemic effects in @entity1237 .

title: Analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of intrathecally administered @entity6226 or @entity6226 and @entity3652 in XXXX ( @entity1237 ).

entities_list: @entity6226 :: ('MESH:C076257', 'Chemical') :: ['romifidine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: Dilatation of the common bile duct is rarely caused by cystic formations. Though the pathogenesis is uncertain, @entity4670 have been suggested. Most cases are observed in small @entity1 (80% female predominance) with only 20% of the cases reported in adults. Clinical signs vary. Recurrent acute @entity788 has been reported but is rare. New imaging techniques using CT-scan cholangiography and sometimes MR cholangiography have greatly improved the diagnostic approach. MR of the bile ducts is a recent noninvasive technique enabling an analysis of the biliopancreatic ducts without contrast injection into the bile. To our knowledge, @entity384 of the common bile duct has not been previously reported in the literature. We report an interesting case in a 25-year-old @entity1 who developed an episode of acute @entity788 during the post partum period. We describe the clinical aspects and the different imaging findings, including magnetic resonance cholangiography results.

title: [Apropos of a case of acute XXXX revealing @entity384 of the common bile duct].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']