abstract: The decision regarding prophylactic treatment after surgery in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) requires a good estimation of the risk of recurrence. It is also important to consider the consequences of recurrence for the @entity1 , and the risks and benefits of treatment, bearing in mind that it will be given over a long period. Several drugs have been tried to decrease the risk of recurrence. @entity288 and @entity4184 have proved to be ineffective. @entity2983 has significant efficacy in some, but not all trials, and a meta-analysis has established that it decreases the absolute risk by 10-15% after 1-2 years. @entity4446 seemed to be effective in a recent study. @entity868 and @entity5803 have significant efficacy, but cannot be tolerated for long periods. Probiotics represent a new approach, but evidence for their efficacy in @entity30 is still lacking. In the past, the strategy was to give no treatment until clinical recurrence. Another approach is to give no treatment, and then to treat the @entity1 according to severity of endoscopic recurrence. Alternative strategies include treating all @entity1 with @entity2983 until either severe endoscopic or clinical recurrence occurs, and then to use @entity500 / @entity4446 , or to give @entity500 / @entity4446 immediately, especially in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Review article: can post-operative recurrence in XXXX be prevented?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine', 'Mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity5803 :: ('MESH:D009950', 'Chemical') :: ['ornidazole']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine', 'Mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report is to review our experience and indications for the use of cancellous @entity79 and reconstruction of frontal defects. We also describe a method of minimizing iliac crest donor-site morbidity. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: @entity1 treated on the Facial Plastics and @entity130 Service at the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) Medical Center. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 were selected for frontal sinus obliteration and reconstruction of frontal defects with cancellous bone based on the following criteria: (1) @entity75 involving the frontal sinus; (2) acute @entity130 with loss or comminution of more than 40% of either anterior or posterior sinus wall; and (3) failure of previous frontal sinus obliteration for either chronic @entity1244 or @entity130 . INTERVENTION: The use of cancellous @entity79 and reconstruction of frontal defects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Success of cancellous bone @entity50 and reconstruction of frontal defects. RESULTS: Follow-up averaged 26 months. Follow-up computed tomographic scans showed good maintenance of graft @entity50 in all @entity1 . Seven of 10 @entity1 reported minimal donor-site discomfort and three @entity1 had moderate @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Cancellous bone grafts are effective, with acceptable donor-site morbidity, for frontal sinus obliteration and frontal reconstruction in @entity1 in whom adipose grafts would have a significant chance of complications or long-term failure.

title: The use of cancellous XXXX and reconstruction of frontal bony defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['complex frontal bony defects']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone in frontal sinus obliteration', 'bone grafts for frontal sinus obliteration']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['grafts in frontal sinus obliteration', 'volume and complete frontal sinus obliteration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone for frontal sinus obliteration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroanatomical determinants of motor skill recovery after @entity64 are still poorly understood. Although lesion load onto the corticospinal tract is known to affect recovery, less is known about the effect of lesions to cortical sensorimotor areas. Here, we test the hypothesis that lesions of somatosensory cortices interfere with the capacity to recover motor skills after @entity64 . METHODS: Standardized tests of motor skill and somatosensory functions were acquired longitudinally over nine months in 29 @entity1 with @entity64 to the pre- and postcentral gyrus, including adjacent areas of the frontal, parietal and insular cortices. We derived the recovery trajectories of each @entity1 for five motor subtest using least-squares curve fitting and objective model selection procedures for linear and exponential models. @entity1 were classified into subgroups based on their motor recovery models. Lesions were mapped onto diffusion weighted imaging scans and normalized into stereotaxic space using cost-function masking. To identify critical neuranatomical regions, voxel-wise subtractions were calculated between subgroup lesion maps. A probabilistic cytoarchitectonic atlas was used to quantify of lesion extent and location. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity51 showed exponential recovery trajectories for motor subtests that relied on precise distal movements. Those that retained a chronic @entity51 had lesions that extended to the center of the somatosensory cortex (area 2) and the intraparietal sulcus (areas @entity10190 , @entity10190 ). Impaired recovery outcome correlated with lesion extent on this areas and somatosensory performance. The rate of recovery, however, depended on the lesion load onto the primary motor cortex (areas 4a, 4p). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a critical role of uni-and multimodal somatosensory cortices in motor skill recovery. Whereas lesions to these areas influence recovery outcome, lesions to the primary motor cortex affect recovery dynamics. This points to a possible dissociation of neural substrates for different aspects of post- @entity64 recovery.

title: Lesions to primary sensory and posterior parietal cortices impair recovery from hand paresis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['initial deficits', 'motor deficit']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage is often used as an alternative to bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of @entity2489 . We have previously reported an improved safety profile for nonbronchoscopic lavage in @entity1 with @entity651 , suggesting that this may be a better technique in this @entity1 group. The objective of this study was to determine whether nonbronchoscopic lavage could be used as an alternative to bronchoscopic lavage for the assessment of alveolar permeability and @entity32 in @entity1 at risk for @entity649 ( @entity649 ) or with @entity649 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized crossover trial. @entity1 : Intubated @entity1 with @entity649 or at risk of @entity649 . INTERVENTIONS: Bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic lavage in the same @entity1 , 15 mins apart. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity649 and 20 @entity1 at risk of @entity649 were recruited and underwent nonbronchoscopic and bronchoscopic lavage in randomized order. Despite similar volumes of lavage fluid, nonbronchoscopic lavage had fewer cells and an increased ratio of bronchial epithelial cells to macrophages. Although average concentrations of @entity3335 and total protein, the protein permeability index, and the epithelial-lining fluid volume were similar with the two techniques and demonstrated moderate linear associations, Bland and Altman analysis revealed poor comparability, with substantial side-to-side variability and wide 95% limits of agreement. Furthermore, unlike bronchoscopic lavage, nonbronchoscopic lavage was unable to differentiate between @entity1 with @entity649 and those at risk of @entity649 . CONCLUSIONS: Nonbronchoscopic lavage is not comparable to bronchoscopic lavage and as such cannot be used as an alternative to bronchoscopic lavage for assessing @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity649 .

title: Role of nonbronchoscopic lavage for @entity32 and permeability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: In 29 @entity1 with @entity1358 cell kinetics were studied by in vivo labeling with 100 mg. @entity9989 given 3 to 7 hours before nephrectomy. Two to 6 samples were analyzed from each @entity5 after fixation in @entity1068 . @entity9989 was analyzed by specific antibodies using flow cytometric analysis of labeled cells and parameters, such as labeling index and potential @entity5 doubling time, could be determined. Samples from 28 @entity5 were evaluable. Mean labeling index of the @entity5 was 2.7%, which was significantly different from the 0.35% index in kidney cortex tissue. There was no statistical difference in labeling index among the clinical stages. The mean potential @entity5 doubling time in the @entity5 cells was 20.3 days, which was significantly different compared with 137.7 days in kidney cortex tissue. There was a frequent intra-tumoral heterogeneity of potential @entity5 doubling times. Diploid and aneuploid samples had significantly different potential @entity5 doubling (mean 37.4 and 12.5 days, respectively). Potential @entity5 doubling had a significant impact on the survival time (p = 0.004), which also was noted in the @entity1 with @entity5 (p = 0.003). Our study shows that in vivo incorporation of @entity9989 successfully can be analyzed in @entity1358 . Potential @entity5 doubling time gives valuable prognostic information on the clinical behavior of the @entity1 .

title: Cell kinetics of XXXX studied with in vivo @entity9989 incorporation and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['iododeoxyuridine', 'Iododeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: This study describes characteristics of a @entity1 @entity150 cell line J82/ @entity1139 that is 6-fold more resistant to @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) than the parental cells. The J82/ @entity1139 subline was isolated by repeated continuous exposures of the J82/WT cells to increasing concentrations of @entity1139 . The J82/ @entity1139 cell line showed (1) collateral sensitivity to @entity1311 , @entity1487 and topoisomerase II inhibitors; and (2) cross-resistance to @entity900 , melphalan and @entity1139 analogues @entity47881 and @entity47882 . Levels of two key @entity1139 activation enzymes, @entity1110 cytochrome P450 reductase and @entity5878 , were significantly lower in J82/ @entity1139 cells compared with J82/WT, suggesting that lower sensitivity of J82/ @entity1139 cells to @entity1139 may result from deficient drug activation. Further support is indicated by: 1) reduction in the differential in toxicity between the 2 cell lines by @entity47881 ; and 2) a higher effect of @entity5878 inhibitor @entity18689 on the wild-type cells compared with J82/ @entity1139 . Although @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels did not differ in these cells, a small but significant increase in @entity2197 transferase (GST) activity was noticed in J82/ @entity1139 cells. GST inhibitor @entity7734 significantly enhanced @entity1139 @entity137 in the J82/ @entity1139 cell line. A small but significant increase in the level of anti-oxidative enzyme catalase, but not @entity2197 peroxidase, was also observed in J82/ @entity1139 cell line compared with J82/WT. Thus, the possibility that relatively lower sensitivity of J82/ @entity1139 cells to @entity1139 may result from reduced @entity26 radical generation cannot be ruled out. @entity1139 -induced DNA interstrand cross-linking was markedly lower in the J82/ @entity1139 cell line compared with J82/WT. Our results suggest that the @entity1139 resistance in the J82/ @entity1139 cell line may be multifactorial.

title: Characterization of a XXXX @entity150 cell line selected for resistance to @entity1138 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity18689 :: ('MESH:D001728', 'Chemical') :: ['dicumarol']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity7734 :: ('MESH:D004976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethacrynic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Infectious complications of invasive procedures affect @entity1 outcomes adversely. Choice of antiseptic solution at the time of insertion is one of the major factors affecting their incidence. AIMS: This study was undertaken to compare efficacy of @entity1216 2% and @entity4279 10% for @entity272 prior to placement of epidural and central venous catheters (CVCs). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective randomised trial in the operating rooms of a tertiary referral @entity5 centre. METHODS: Sixty consecutive adult @entity1 undergoing elective oncosurgery requiring placement of epidural and CVCs were enrolled. Paired skin swabs were collected before and after application of the antiseptic solution. The samples were incubated in McConkey's media and blood agar at 35  C for up to 24 h. Any bacterial growth was graded as: <10 colonies - poor growth, 10-50 colonies - moderate growth and >50 colonies as heavy growth. Data on demographics and antibiotic prophylaxis and costs was collected for all @entity1 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyse data, P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Demographics and antibiotic prophylaxis use was similar in both groups. Before application of antiseptic solution, a variety of micro-organisms were grown from most @entity1 with growth ranging from none-heavy. No organism was grown after application of either antiseptic solution from any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We found no differences between 2% @entity1216 and 10% @entity4279 for @entity272 in regard to costs, efficacy or side-effects.

title: A prospective randomised trial to compare the efficacy of @entity4279 10% and @entity1216 2% for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine', 'povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disinfection']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disinfection']


abstract: CONTEXT: In recent years several studies have documented decreased adrenal cortical reserve in @entity1 with active @entity378 . This reduced adrenal reserve could be an important factor in causing mortality and morbidity in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study the adrenal cortical reserve and its relationship with disease duration and severity in @entity1 with active @entity378 . DESIGN SETTING AND @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with confirmed active @entity378 (28 pulmonary and 12 extra-pulmonary) without clinical evidence of @entity5343 and 10 healthy, age and sex-matched subjects (controls) participated in this study. The study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir. INTERVENTIONS: @entity4545 stimulation test performed in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Basal serum @entity701 level and parameters of stimulated @entity701 response (maximum increase of @entity701 over basal, peak rise of @entity701 and area under response curve). RESULTS: The mean basal @entity701 levels were comparable between the two groups (P = 0.792). The parameters of stimulated @entity701 response including maximum increase of @entity701 over basal, the peak rise of @entity701 and area under response curves were significantly lower in @entity1 as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001, 0.002 and 0.049 respectively). However, these parameters were comparable between @entity1 with active @entity1907 . Overall 14 (35%) @entity1 exhibited sub-optimal @entity701 response (3 negligible and 11 inadequate) to ACTH stimulation. ACTH stimulation revealed significant @entity701 rise in @entity1 with active @entity378 at 4 and 8 hours only, whereas in healthy controls, the @entity701 rise was more prolonged and continued up to 24 hours. The adrenocortical reserve was inversely related to the radiological severity of @entity1907 (r, -0.41) and chronicity of active @entity378 (r, -0.59). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with active @entity378 have decreased adrenocortical reserve. The adrenocortical reserve seems to be inversely related to the radiological severity of @entity1907 and chronicity of active @entity378 .

title: Adrenocortical reserve in @entity1 with active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['Adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The @entity0 susceptibility genes, @entity5345 and @entity2674 , are used to illustrate the application of molecular biology to clinical radiation oncology. Identified by linkage analysis and cloned, the structure of the genes and the numerous mutations are determined by molecular biology techniques that examine the structure of the DNA and the proteins made by the normal and mutant alleles. Mutations in the non-transcribed portion of the gene will not be found in protein structure assays and may be important in gene function. In addition to potential deleterious mutations, normal polymorphisms of the gene will also be detected, therefore not all differences in gene sequence may represent important mutations, a finding that complicates genetic screening and counseling. The localization of the protein in the nucleus, the expression in relation to cell cycle and the association with @entity6545 led to the discovery that the two BRCA genes may be involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. The defect in DNA repair can increase radiosensitivity which might improve local control using breast-conserving treatment in a @entity5 which is homozygous for the loss of the gene (i.e., @entity5345 and @entity2674 are @entity5 suppressor genes). This is supported by the early reports of a high rate of local control with breast-conserving therapy. Nonetheless, this radiosensitivity theoretically may also lead to increased susceptibility to carcinogenic effects in surviving cells, a finding that might not be observed for decades. The susceptibility to radiation-induced DNA damage appears also to make the cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. Understanding the role of the normal BRCA genes in DNA repair might help define a novel mechanism for radiation sensitization by interfering with the normal gene function using a variety of molecular or biochemical therapies.

title: Molecular biology in radiation oncology. Radiation oncology perspective of @entity5345 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity232 is a devastating disease that disfigures or kills nearly 2 million @entity1 each year. Establishment and persistence of @entity281 by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania requires repeated uptake by macrophages and other phagocytes. Therefore, preventing uptake could be a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity232 . Amastigotes, the life cycle stage found in the @entity1 host, bind Fc receptors and enter macrophages primarily through immunoglobulin-mediated phagocytosis. However, the host machinery that mediates amastigote uptake is poorly understood. We have shown that the @entity48527 / @entity534 non-receptor @entity4149 kinase facilitates L. amazonensis amastigote uptake by macrophages. Using small molecule inhibitors and primary macrophages lacking specific @entity7242 family kinases, we now demonstrate that the @entity2060 , @entity14289 , and @entity18226 kinases are also necessary for amastigote uptake by macrophages. @entity7242 -mediated @entity534 activation is required for efficient uptake. Interestingly, the dual @entity534 / @entity7242 kinase inhibitor @entity31438 , which is approved to treat @entity5 , not only decreases amastigote uptake, but also significantly reduces disease severity and parasite burden in @entity281 @entity19 . Our results suggest that @entity232 could potentially be treated with host cell-active agents such as kinase inhibitors.

title: The @entity7242 kinases @entity2060 , XXXX , and @entity18226 activate @entity48527 / @entity534 to facilitate IgG-mediated phagocytosis and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity31438 :: ('MESH:C471992', 'Chemical') :: ['bosutinib']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Leishmania-infected']

answer: @entity14289 :: (2268,Gene) :: ['Fgr']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonic @entity66 ( @entity7261 ) is a common disorder in Western countries. Although its pathogenesis is probably multifactorial, @entity4681 of the large bowel are thought to play an important role. However, little is known about the basic mechanism that may underlie abnormal colon motility in @entity7261 . AIMS: To investigate the interstitial cells of Cajal (the gut pacemaker cells), together with @entity4494 and glial cells, in @entity1 with @entity7261 . @entity1 : Full thickness colonic samples were obtained from 39 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity7261 . Specimens from @entity5 free areas of the colon in 10 age matched subjects undergoing surgery for @entity14 served as controls. METHODS: Interstitial cells of Cajal were assessed using anti-Kit antibodies; submucosal and myenteric plexus neurones and glial cells were assessed by means of anti- @entity5855 and anti-S-100 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity7261 had normal numbers of @entity528 compared with controls (p = 0.103 and p = 0.516, respectively). All subtypes of interstitial cells of Cajal were significantly (p = 0.0003) reduced compared with controls, as were glial cells (p = 0.0041). CONCLUSIONS: Interstitial cells of Cajal and glial cells are decreased in @entity1049 , whereas enteric neurones appear to be normally represented. This finding might explain some of the large bowel @entity4681 reported to occur in this condition.

title: Interstitial cells of Cajal, enteric nerves, and glial cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric and submucosal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric and submucosal plexus neurones']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular disease']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticular disease']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity320 is one of the most radioresistant @entity5 . It can be treated with combinated @entity221 and radiation therapy. METHODS: From January 1991 through June 1992, 7 @entity1 , 1 male and 6 female, aged 40-88 years (mean 75), with skin and nodal post-surgical recurrences of @entity320 , were treated with a combination of radiation therapy and @entity221 . Two @entity1 presented @entity262 when they reached our observation, but all of them were without symptoms. None of them underwent surgical excision of the recurrence before or during thermoradiotherapy. None received chemotherapy for these recurrences or had received radiotherapy in the past. They were irradiated with electron beams, with electron energies selected according to the depth of the lesions. The total dose was 40 Gy in 10 fractions in 5 weeks. @entity221 was administered for 10 minutes to 1 hour after irradiation. An inductive method of radiofrequency heating at 434 of 915 MHz was used depending on the depth of the lesions. In all of these treatments a ionized water bolus was used. The prescribed hyperthermic dose was 42 degrees C for half a hour. The treatments were carried out twice a week for 5 weeks. A fiberoptic multichannel thermometer was used for thermometry. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (57%) achieved a complete response, 2 @entity1 (29%) a partial response, and 1 @entity1 (14%) stabilization. We found no correlation between @entity5 volume and response rate. Site effects and complications of the treatment were minimal (moderate erythema). CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in the wide range of values reported in the literature.

title: Radio- XXXX in post-surgical recurrence of @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Inadequate @entity158 control after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery can be a source of distress for @entity1 and ophthalmologists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of extended-release @entity3522 for the management of @entity158 after PRK surgery. METHODS: In this prospective clinical trial study, @entity1 in the case group were given extended-release @entity3522 pre- and postoperatively, and @entity1 in the control group were given @entity1443 and @entity5018 pre- and postoperatively. @entity1 were examined 2 days after PRK surgery. @entity158 , @entity3917 , and functional deficit scores were evaluated subjectively for each @entity1 . An ophthalmologist evaluated lid swelling, conjunctival injection, and epithelial healing. RESULTS: Among the 62 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 33 @entity1 were given extended-release @entity3522 (case group) and 29 @entity1 were given @entity1443 and @entity5018 (control group). The @entity158 score was reduced in the case group compared to the control group (4.32  2.72 vs. 6.52  1.99, respectively; P<0.001). Photophobia, functional deficit scores, lid swelling, and conjunctival injection were significantly reduced in the case group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that oral @entity3522 (preoperatively) is more effective than other routine analgesics in the management of @entity158 in PRK surgery.

title: Efficacy of extended-release oral XXXX in postoperative pain management after photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: Mitochondrial @entity7685 dehydrogenase ( @entity49068 ) from control and scorbutic @entity840 brain, liver and skeletal muscle and from normal @entity35 liver was stimulated several fold by @entity620 (AA). The amount of AA that gave half-maximal stimulation of @entity840 brain @entity49068 was 7.1 microM. At concentrations of AA higher than 500 microM, @entity49068 activity decreased to nearly the same activity as in the absence of AA. @entity49069 , @entity49070 , was equally potent in the activation of washed mitochondrial @entity49068 activity. The AA activation of @entity49068 was completely inhibited by 50 microM EGTA, but could be fully restored by the sequential addition of 100 microM @entity141 . The AA activation of @entity49068 was likewise completely inhibited by @entity68 specific chelators, @entity49071 , @entity5532 , and @entity7437 , but the activation could not be restored by the addition of excess @entity141 . In the absence of AA, @entity49068 activity was not inhibited by either EGTA or the @entity68 chelators and @entity141 addition had no effect on the activity. The @entity68 - @entity599 protein, succinic dehydrogenase (complex II), was not significantly different in brain mitochondria from control or scorbutic @entity840 , and was not activated by the subsequent addition of AA. In the presence of AA, succinic dehydrogenase activity was not affected by either @entity49071 or @entity4527 . The results suggest that @entity49068 is a probable site of action of AA in the related @entity413 -coupled insulin release from pancreatic islets.

title: XXXX is a stimulatory cofactor for mitochondrial @entity7685 dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity49071 :: ('MESH:C017049', 'Chemical') :: ['bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity49070 :: ('MESH:C005056', 'Chemical') :: ['erythorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['l-ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity49069 :: ('CHEBI:51384', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity7685 :: ('MESH:C029620', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol 3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7437 :: ('MESH:C025205', 'Chemical') :: ['1,10-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbic acid']


abstract: Adrenergic constriction of skeletal muscle arterioles, particularly small terminal arterioles, is opposed by @entity551 or increased metabolic rate. Our previous studies indicate that neural constriction of large arterioles, which have both postjunctional alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, is mediated by alpha 1-receptors; small arterioles depend on alpha 2-receptors. Also, alpha 2, but not alpha 1, constriction is reduced by @entity520 . Differential sensitivity of alpha 1 versus alpha 2 constriction to metabolic signals such as H+ may underlie the sensitivity of arteriolar adrenergic constriction to metabolic inhibition. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the effect of reduced perfusion on alpha 1- versus alpha 2-mediated constriction of large arterioles and venules. Intravital microscopy of @entity35 cremaster skeletal muscle was used to obtain concentration-response curves for @entity2647 (alpha 1-agonist) and UK-14,304 (alpha 2-agonist). Thirty percent reduction in cremasteric artery flow by venous outflow obstruction had no effect on baseline diameter, indicating no effect on "intrinsic tone." Reduced perfusion also had no effect on arteriolar or venular sensitivity to @entity2647 or venular sensitivity to UK-14,304 but significantly attenuated arteriolar response to UK-14,304. To examine a possible mechanism for the selective inhibition of alpha 2 constriction by @entity520 , we determined the effect of @entity520 on the partial alpha 1-agonist @entity29749 . Like alpha 2 constriction, @entity29749 -mediated constriction of arterioles was reduced during @entity520 and was attenuated by @entity594 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of reduced blood flow on alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor constriction of XXXX skeletal muscle microvessels.

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether infarct-related coronary artery patency influences myocardial electrical stability as measured by the prevalence of late potentials or heart rate variability. BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that loss of vagal activity is associated with an increased incidence of @entity204 after @entity583 . METHODS: A short-duration, high resolution electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed before hospital discharge in 175 @entity1 with a first @entity583 . Seventy-three @entity1 received thrombolytic therapy. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography. @entity1563 was defined as minimal or no anterograde flow. Eighty-eight @entity1 (50.3%) had an occluded @entity1188 . Sixty-two healthy subjects served as control subjects to determine the normal range of heart rate variability. RESULTS: Comparison between the control group and @entity1 without patency of the @entity1188 in the time domain and spectral analyses revealed in the latter @entity1 a reduced heart rate variability (p < 0.0001) and a lower power spectrum density in both the 0.05- to 0.15-Hz band (p < 0.0001) and the 0.15- to 0.35-Hz band (p < 0.0001). The heart rate variability in @entity1 with late potentials was lower than in those with a normal signal-averaged ECG. Those @entity1 with spontaneous or thrombolysis-induced reperfusion have less occurrence of late potentials and higher parasympathetic activity than do @entity1 with a closed artery. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the patency of the @entity1188 determines both the absence of late potentials and the preservation of vagal tone and may explain the reduction in mortality induced by thrombolytic therapy in @entity583 .

title: Influence of @entity1188 patency on the indexes of parasympathetic activity and prevalence of late potentials in survivors of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to determine the prognosis and outcomes of the @entity1 with bilateral @entity2956 which underwent bilateral temporomandibular joint surgery in a consecutive number of @entity1 in a retrospective study. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty five @entity1 with 130 bilateral @entity1348 were included the study with the selection from consecutive 256 @entity1348 @entity1 who were treated with open surgery who do not respond to conservative treatment. 65 @entity1 were divided in to 3 main groups according to the clinical diagnosis of bilateral @entity1348 site. In the first group comprised 29 @entity1 with 48 @entity1348 , the clinical diagnosis was bilaterally presence of anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR). In the second group comprised 19 @entity1 with 26 @entity1348 , bilateral presence of @entity9321 consisted of anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDNR) on both site. In the third group comprised 27 @entity1 with 46 @entity1348 , bilaterally presence of @entity9321 consist of ADDR on one site and ADDNR on another site. The @entity1 in three different groups were operated either high condylectomy alone or high condylectomy with additional surgical procedures. RESULTS: In the evaluation of @entity158 relief, clicking, crepitation, @entity10 , marked improvement was determined in all groups, but it was statistically insignificant in the comparison of 3 groups. Slight increase in @entity2133 was determined in the mean values of the 3 groups and also in the comparison of 3 groups it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These similar succesfull outcomes of bilateral @entity9321 with the respect of @entity1348 surgical procedures were obtained in 3 main groups although different diagnosis on the @entity1 ' groups was present.

title: The comparison of outcomes of surgically treated bilateral XXXX in different groups: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorder']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['maximal mouth opening']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6824 or @entity6825 stimulation of @entity6823 promotes macrophage differentiation, activation and osteoclastogenesis, and pharmacological inhibition of @entity6823 is beneficial in animal models of @entity625 . The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of @entity6824 and @entity6825 signaling to @entity6823 in @entity309 . METHODS: @entity6824 and @entity6825 were detected by immunohistochemical and digital image analysis in synovial tissue from 15 biological-na  ve @entity309 ( @entity309 ) , 15 @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) and 7 @entity571 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 . Gene expression in @entity6824 - and @entity6825 -differentiated @entity1 macrophages was assessed by FACS analysis and quantitative PCR. @entity309 synovial explants were incubated with @entity6824 , @entity6825 , control antibody (Ab), or neutralizing/blocking Abs targeting @entity6824 , @entity6825 , or @entity6823 . The effect of a @entity6823 -blocking Ab was examined in @entity19 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). RESULTS: @entity6824 (also known as @entity6824 ) and @entity6825 expression was similar in @entity309 and @entity5144 synovial tissue, but lower in controls (P   <   0.05). @entity6824 expression was observed in the synovial sublining, and @entity6825 in the sublining and the intimal lining layer. @entity6824 and @entity6825 differentially regulated the expression of 17 of 336 inflammation-associated genes in macrophages, including chemokines, extra-cellular matrix components, and matrix metalloproteinases. Exogenous @entity6824 or @entity6825 , or their independent neutralization, had no effect on @entity309 synovial explant @entity650 production. Anti- @entity6824 R Ab significantly reduced @entity650 and other inflammatory mediator production in @entity309 synovial explants, and paw swelling and joint destruction in @entity1753 . CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity6823 interactions with both @entity6824 and @entity6825 suppresses inflammatory activation of @entity309 synovial tissue and pathology in @entity1753 , suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity309 .

title: @entity6823 blockade reduces inflammation in XXXX and @entity19 models of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. @entity35 kept in a @entity519 chamber (10% O2) for 3 or more weeks developed @entity8158 , muscularization of pulmonary arterioles and @entity11998 . These changes resemble those found in @entity1 @entity519 and, in particular, in @entity1 dying from chronic airways obstruction. 2. Resolution of these changes was studied in a normal environment and in an intermittently normal, intermittently @entity519 environment. The latter regimen modelled the situation of @entity1 with @entity3618 receiving long-term intermittent @entity26 therapy. 3. In a normal environment @entity8158 and @entity11998 were resolved in 6 weeks but vessel changes were not resolved in 12 weeks. 4. In the intermittently normoxic environment (40 or 80 h in air per week) there was some resolution of @entity8158 in 6 weeks but no significant @entity6520 or in @entity11998 in 12 weeks.

title: Resolution of XXXX changes in the heart and pulmonary arterioles of @entity35 during intermittent correction of @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in vessel thickening']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic disease', 'hypoxic']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Late reactions to iodinated contrast media are frequent. Cutaneous manifestations are the commonest, in which @entity1910 , a type of cutaneous presentation, is widespread. Controversy exists about the utility of the skin test in the management of these reactions. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics, the histopathological findings, and the results of the patch test in @entity1 who developed a late skin reaction (LSR) to the nonionic, dimeric, iodinated contrast media Visipaque. We retrospectively reviewed the @entity1 with LSR to Visipaque, seen in the Dermatology Department between 1999 and 2005. A total of 12 @entity1 participated in this study (7 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), ages ranging from 39 to 76 years (mean 56). 11 of the @entity1 had significant medical history. All the @entity1 developed a @entity1910 between 2 hr and 3 days after the radiological examination, involving the trunk and proximal limbs, although some of the @entity1 showed involvement of distal areas. The skin biopsy, performed in 6 @entity1 , showed nonspecific findings consistent with drug reaction. In 3 @entity1 , patch tests to Visipaque and @entity7568 were positive. The most frequent manifestation of LSR to @entity7568 is a @entity1910 , involving the trunk and the limbs, although distal involvement can be seen. Histopathological findings are nonspecific and cannot be distinguished from other drug reaction. Patch tests have a limited value, and in cases where they were negative, reintroduction of the drug triggered a new LSR.

title: Late skin reaction to XXXX (Visipaque): clinical manifestations, patch test study, and histopathological evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular exanthema']

answer: @entity7568 :: (MESH:C044834,Chemical) :: ['iodixanol']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Review of literature. OBJECTIVE: To delineate and discuss nonoperative treatment and treatment of @entity3510 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Nonoperative methods have been a mainstay of care for @entity3510 since ancient Egypt. The vast majority of all @entity3510 should be treated in the nonoperative fashion. The indications and methods continue to evolve. METHODS: A PubMed search of the literature returned more than 1000 articles related to spine @entity130 . A total of 270 were references to nonoperative treatment, and 100 were thought to be relevant and included in this review. RESULTS: All spine @entity130 are treated in a nonoperative manner, at least initially. The vast majority of @entity130 are successfully and appropriately treated in a definitive manner with nonsurgical methods. Over the past 10-15 years, the advent of better rigid cervical fixation has decreased the use of halo vests as definitive treatment of many cervical @entity130 . In contrast, during the same time, more thoracolumbar @entity130 are being treated in a nonsurgical fashion because the outcomes have been shown to be similar or superior. CONCLUSIONS: As with all of medicine, the treatment of spine @entity130 will continue to evolve with time. It is paramount that the physician selects the treatment that will provide the best short-term recovery with the least impact on long-term function.

title: Nonoperative management and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injuries']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After removal of temporary pacemaker wires, nurses measure vital signs frequently to assess for @entity2293 ; however, evidence for this procedure is limited. OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for @entity2293 after temporary pacemaker wire removal. METHODS: Retrospective review of data for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery (N = 23 717) performed from January 1999 to December 2008. @entity1 were categorized by reason for reoperation: @entity548 less than 3 days after initial surgery (n = 812, group 1), @entity548 3 days or more after index surgery but not for @entity2293 (n = 171, group 2), @entity548 3 days or more after index surgery for @entity2293 after temporary pacemaker wire removal (n = 23, group 3), and no reoperation (n = 22 711, group 4). RESULTS: Less than 1% (9.7 cases/10 000) of @entity1 required reoperation for @entity2293 after removal of temporary pacer wires. Of @entity1 -related factors studied, only smoking history differed for group 3 vs group 1 (P = .03) and group 2 (P = .01). Of vital sign changes, 1 @entity1 (4%) had @entity591 and 3 @entity1 had @entity1167 , but only 1 of the 3 had @entity551 before the arrest. In total, 12 @entity1 (52%) had @entity551 ; however, it was mild or intermittent in 5 cases, and did not occur within the 4 hours after wire removal in 3 cases. After removal of temporary pacing wires, common early signs/symptoms were @entity548 (26%) and @entity1353 (26%). Other documented changes were pressure in the chest, diaphoresis, cold and clammy skin, dizziness, and mental status changes. CONCLUSIONS: Tamponade related to pacer wire removal was rare and not consistently associated with changes in vital signs. @entity1353 , @entity548 , and other factors may indicate early onset of @entity2293 after removal of temporary pacer wires.

title: XXXX after removal of temporary pacer wires.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['Cardiac tamponade']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound examination to ascertain the deepest rectal layer involved in @entity46 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Department of obstetrics and gynecology at a university hospital in France. @entity1 (S): @entity1 presenting with @entity46 who had undergone rectal resection during a 22-month period. INTERVENTION(S): Endorectal ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The predicted rectal infiltration depth by using endorectal examination was compared with histological findings. The level of agreement was evaluated by using the coefficients of concordance kappa and weighted kappa. RESULT(S): Sixteen @entity1 were included in the study. Rectal resection was segmental in 14 cases and was limited in 2 cases. The agreement between 2 examinations was considered good in 9 cases (56%). Endorectal ultrasound overestimated the depth of infiltration in 5 cases and underestimated it in 2 cases. The coefficients of concordance kappa (95% confidence interval) and weighted kappa (95% confidence interval) were, respectively, 0.17 (0-0.34) and 0.22 (0.04-0.4), corresponding to poor concordance between the endorectal ultrasonography and histological examination. CONCLUSION(S): Accuracy in the prediction of rectal-layer involvement in endorectal ultrasonography appears to be limited. This information should not be considered sufficient when selecting the type of rectal-resection procedure.

title: Endorectal ultrasound accuracy in the diagnosis of XXXX depth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'Women', 'women']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['rectal endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['rectal endometriosis infiltration']


abstract: This study investigated the use of artificial @entity1274 (ANN) for image segmentation and spatial temporal contour linking for the detection of endocardial contours on echocardiographic images. Using a backpropagation network, the system was trained with 279 sample regions obtained from eight training images to segment images into either tissue or blood pool region. The ANN system was then applied to parasternal short axis images of 38 @entity1 . Spatial temporal contour linking was performed on the segmented images to extract endocardial boarders. @entity998 with the automated system were calculated and compared to results obtained by manual contour tracing performed by two independent investigators. In addition, ejection fractions (EF) were derived using the area-length method and compared with radionuclide ventriculography. Image quality was classified as good in 12 (32%), moderate in 13 (34%) and poor in 13 (34%) @entity1 . The ANN system provided estimates of end-diastolic and end-systolic areas in 36 (89%) of echocardiograms, which correlated well with those obtained by manual tracing (R = 0.99, SEE = 1.44). A good agreement was also found for the comparison of EF between the ANN system and Tc-radionuclide ventriculography (RNV, R = 0.93, SEE = 6.36). The ANN system also performed well in the subset of @entity1 with poor image quality. Endocardial contour detection using artificial @entity1274 and spatial temporal contour linking allows accurate calculations of ventricular areas from transthoracic echocardiograms and performs well even in images with poor quality. This system could greatly enhance the feasibility, accuracy and reproducibility of calculating cardiac areas to derive left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions.

title: Artificial XXXX and spatial temporal contour linking for automated endocardial contour detection on echocardiograms: a novel approach to determine left ventricular contractile function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular areas (end-systolic and end-diastolic) determined']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: The aim of this paper was to evaluate glycopeptide nephrotoxicity in the newborn. The exact mechanism of nephrotoxicity has not been defined. Basal mechanism of @entity2176 nephrotoxicity seems related to the energy-dependent tubular transport of the drug from blood to tubular cell across the basolateral membrane. Moreover a tubular reabsorption is probably involved, but it is not relevant for nephrotoxicity. Considering the widespread use of this antibiotic, the question of nephrotoxic side effects in @entity1 is of great importance. However, the results of studies published to date are controversial. Results differ considerably depending on the period considered and on the sensitivity of the methods used to indicate @entity8 . In paediatric @entity1 (including neonates) the nephrotoxicity of @entity2176 appears to be less than that in adults, thus confirming a number of experimental observations. It is commonly suggested that pharmacokinetic monitoring of doses in @entity1 should minimize nephrotoxicity. The most important risk factors for the development of the nephrotoxic action of @entity2176 are: pre-dose values > 10 mg/l, prolonged therapy (> 21 days), and concomitant treatment with @entity581 . In most cases nephrotoxicity associated with @entity2176 is reversible, even after high doses. In conclusion it could be speculated that @entity2176 nephrotoxicity relates to the combined effect of a large area under the concentration-time curve and duration of therapy. @entity11248 is a new glycopeptide that is effective in the treatment of both @entity1 and neonates and offers the advantages of once daily administration, choice of administration route (intramuscular or rapid intravenous bolus) and lack of requirement for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Finally it seems less nephrotoxic than @entity2176 . In the neonatal age bracket, none of the 173 @entity1 treated presented @entity8 parameters.

title: [Glycopeptides and the newborn XXXX 's kidney].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of traditional kidney function', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since immunotherapy or surgery can sometimes lead to remission of @entity1358 , it is important to recognize factors predicting @entity3 . We therefore evaluated the usefulness of nuclear grading in predicting @entity3 of @entity1358 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 95 @entity1 (69 males, 26 females; mean age 63.9 years) who successively underwent surgical exeresis of a @entity1358 . The TNM classification was established on the basis of preoperative work-up (thoraco-abdominal computed tomography, bone scintigraphy) and pathology examination of the surgical specimen. Nuclear grading was performed by a pathologist who was unaware of the histology results. Outcome was evaluated on the basis of physical examination and computed tomography results 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: There were 34 cases of @entity1358 , 10 granulosus @entity5 , 2 oncocyte @entity5 and 16 @entity1358 of undetermined type. Mean @entity5 diameter was 70.3 +/- 37.8 cm. @entity5 classification gave (< 5 cm, n = 23; > 5 cm, n = 26; local invasion, n = 28; invasion of neighbouring organs, n = 2). @entity3 had been identified in 11 @entity1 before surgery. Nuclear grading according to the F  hrman scale gave F1 (n = 3), F2 (n = 28), F3 (n = 34) and F4 (n = 24). @entity5 size and the TNM classification were correlated with the observed nuclear grading scores. Within one year of surgery, @entity3 was observed in 6 @entity1 whose F  hrman grades were F3 (n = 1) and F4 (n = 5). @entity3 occurred in 26% of the @entity1 with a F  hrman grade 4. CONCLUSION: Nuclear grading can be used to identify @entity1 who should be closely followed after surgical @entity1358 in order to improve early diagnose of @entity3 .

title: [Cancer of the kidney, prognostic value of nuclear grading for the early diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell carcinoma', 'removal of renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of elective colorectal operations, to identify factors that influence the @entity834 rate, and to assess the value of a covering colostomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECT: 134 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective resection for a @entity5 (125 @entity189 and 10 @entity5493 ) of the colon and rectum. INTERVENTIONS: 135 operations (one for a recurrence in the anastomotic line). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Two @entity1 died (1%) and there were 29 complications (21%); 16 @entity1 developed clinical @entity834 (12%) and 3 @entity1 symptomatic strictures (2%). One @entity1 who developed a leak died and 11 of the 16 (69%) were re-operated on. The rest settled spontaneously. The only significant risk factor associated with leakage was distance of the @entity254 from the anal verge (all 16 leaks were within 7 cm, compared with 44/118 without leaks, p < 0.001). Four @entity1 who developed leaks were left with permanent colostomies. Protecting stomas had no significant influence, despite the fact that only 1 of those that developed leaks had a colostomy compared with 9/109 that did not. CONCLUSION: Prospective controlled studies are needed to establish the true value of a covering colostomy after low colorectal @entity254 .

title: XXXX after anterior resection of the rectum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic leakage']


abstract: Many drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for treatment of relapsing forms of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). One such drug is natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec and Elan pharmaceuticals) which has enjoyed great success in the management of @entity15 since its re-introduction in 2006. One of the complications of using natalizumab is the risk of development of @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ). To mitigate the risk of @entity7578 development, Biogen Idec initiated the TOUCH program - this strategy helps monitor the disease. Clinical vigilance is remains key in the early diagnosis of @entity7578 but serological testing for the John Cunningham Virus Antibody (JCV) helps with risk stratification of @entity7578 . However, some physicians do not test for the JCV Ab and since they are not required to send such data to the company or inform the @entity1 , one red flag for suspicion of @entity7578 is lost particularly if the @entity1 is asymptomatic.   This undercuts the premise of the TOUCH program. In an ideal world, reporting JCV Ab status should be made mandatory since that ensures a basic tenet of the program is met - to identify @entity1 at increased risk of developing @entity7578 and make appropriate recommendations based on that finding. Lack of requirement of reporting of this vital finding opens the door for uncertainty in assessment of risk @entity7578 development and everyone remains in the dark till it may be too late. This is unacceptable when the company created the TOUCH program specifically with intent to track @entity7578 risk in @entity1 on natalizumab. It makes no scientific sense to let the drug be used without setting stringent criteria given the possibility of @entity7578 development.

title: The TOUCH program and natalizumab: Fundamental flaw in XXXX protection.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Information was needed on effects of possible occupational inhalation exposure to an M1-receptor agonist ( @entity15245 ) such as might occur during the manufacturing process. Both acute and repeated inhalation exposures to @entity15245 were carried out in six male @entity2608 using a head-dome exposure system. Exposure concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 10 mg/m3. The exposure durations were up to 2 weeks. Decreases in tidal volume and increases in respiratory frequency were both time and concentration related during acute exposures. These effects were blocked with @entity3897 pre-treatment. Correlation with pulmonary resistance measurements in two monkeys suggested that these were bronchoconstrictive changes that increased with severity with time at a given concentration and with concentration when measured after a constant exposure time. The dose-response was relatively steep with 10 mg/m3 becoming intolerable to the monkeys after approximately 15 minutes, but no measurable effects were observed at 0.3 mg/m3 after up to 4 hours of exposure. To investigate the effects of repeated exposures, monkeys were exposed for 4 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 2 weeks to 0.0 (air only), 0.3, and 1.2 mg @entity15245 /m3 of air. When compared to the air-only exposure, 0.3 mg/m3 caused no significant changes in tidal volume. In contrast, 1.2 mg/m3 caused a rapid and significant decrease in tidal volume that was sustained throughout the 4-hr exposure. A slower rise in breathing frequency also occurred. Repeated exposures did not alter the effects seen after a single exposure. It is concluded that @entity15245 , a M1-receptor agonist, can acutely alter normal ventilation in non- @entity1 primates at airborne concentrations > or = 0.6 mg/m3 and should be carefully controlled in a manufacturing environment. The no-observed-effect concentration was 0.3 mg/m3.

title: Effects of inhalation exposures to an M1-receptor agonist on ventilation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity15245 :: ('MESH:C075257', 'Chemical') :: ['xanomeline']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: With the aim of localizing @entity48302 mRNAs in neurons of the hypothalamic magnocellular dorsal nucleus of the @entity840 , we compared the in situ hybridization signals obtained on Vibratome sections with a method employing either a biotinylated or a @entity1859 -labeled oligonucleotide detected by means of the alkaline phosphatase reaction. Since the hybridization approach using the biotinylated probe was more sensitive than the @entity1859 method, the ultrastructural localization of hybrids in neurons of the magnocellular dorsal nucleus was studied by the use of the former procedure, and was further compared with results of in situ hybridization using a 35S-labeled probe. Biotin was detected via an amplified avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex. Radioactive hybrids were localized over extended cytoplasmic compartments rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and also in nuclear indentations. The method based on biotinylated probe proved to be sensitive and provided high-resolution labeling in well-preserved specimens. @entity48302 mRNAs were clearly localized within circumscribed cytoplasmic compartments. The immunoprecipitates were mainly observed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum, especially at the periphery of the cell. The reticulum was dominated by elongated parallel cisternae. The labeling also appeared in a paranuclear position, mainly in nuclear indentations. The labeling was found on the outer surface of the endoplasmic lamellae. The remainder of the reticulum was unlabeled. Neuronal processes were free of labeling.

title: Fine-structural localization of @entity48302 mRNAs in the hypothalamic magnocellular dorsal nucleus of the XXXX : a comparison of radioisotopic and enzymatic in situ hybridization methods at the light- and electron-microscopic levels.

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Establishment of a preferential liver allocation rule for simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLK) and revisions of laws regarding organ transplants from deceased donors have paved the way for SLK in Japan. Very few cases of SLK have been attempted in Japan, and no such recipients have survived for longer than 40 days. The present report describes a case of a 50-year-old @entity1 who had undergone living donor liver transplantation at the age of 38 years for management of post-partum @entity1578 . After the first transplant surgery, she developed @entity99 and severe @entity6118 requiring splenectomy. She was then initiated on hemodialysis (HD) due to the deterioration of renal function after insertion of a hepatic vein stent. She was listed as a candidate for SLK in 2011 because she required frequent plasma exchange for @entity5693 . When her Model for End-stage @entity409 score reached 46, the new liver was donated 46 days after registration. The reduced trisegment liver and the kidney grafts were simultaneously transplanted under veno-venous bypass and intraoperative HD. The hepatic artery was reconstructed prior to portal reconstruction in order to shorten anhepatic time. Although she developed subcapsular @entity548 caused by hepatic contusion on the next day, subsequent hemostasis was obtained by transcatheter embolization. Thereafter, her recovery was uneventful, except for mild rejection and @entity8 of the kidney graft. This case highlights the need to establish Japanese criteria for SLK.

title: First successful case of simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation for XXXX with chronic liver and renal failure in Japan.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) has a considerable clinical and economic impact. The aim of this study was to identify drivers of hospital costs associated with @entity497 in 2 Belgian hospitals. Specifically, the influence of @entity1 characteristics, quality indicators, and other treatment aspects on hospital costs was explored. METHODS: The following were registered for @entity1 admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity497 in a large university hospital (Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, UZL) and a medium-sized secondary care hospital (Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, ZOL) in Belgium: the @entity55 severity index (PSI), time to clinical stability, length of stay, antibiotic therapy, outcomes, compliance with validated quality indicators, and the different costs (pharmacy, laboratory, and radiology, and total). Regression analysis was used to identify influential variables. RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2010, 803 @entity1 were included, with a median total cost of    4794.57. The length of stay after clinical stability and time to clinical stability had the highest influence on the total cost (+6.3% and +4.9% per additional day, respectively; p < 0.0001). Other important drivers of higher costs were total therapy duration, PSI score, age, and admission to intensive care. @entity1 treated with @entity3477 had significantly, but limited, lower costs. Quality indicator compliance, including guideline-compliant antibiotic treatment and therapy streamlining, had little influence. CONCLUSIONS: The most important driver of hospital costs associated with @entity497 was the time between clinical stability and actual hospital discharge. In order to substantially decrease the costs of @entity497 treatment, this period should be rigorously evaluated for possible intervention targets that would allow costs in @entity497 treatment to be decreased in a substantial manner.

title: Length of stay after reaching clinical stability drives hospital costs associated with adult community-acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: In the span of just 10 years, our understanding of the @entity5 has increased exponentially, and yet we are only beginning to understand the intricacies of cytokine and immune cell interactions. This paper reviews the interactions of the immune system with @entity1313 . In principle, the immune system is uniquely qualified to be an instrument for @entity5 therapy. An immune response directed against cells bearing @entity5 antigens could provide a specific and effective mechanism for killing @entity41 . While the theoretical background for immunotherapy as a treatment for @entity1313 is elegant and persuasive, a substantial clinical breakthrough has yet to be made. This paper reviews the major forms of both animal and @entity1 data on types of immunotherapy, such as passive serological immunotherapy, active, and adoptive immunotherapy. Next a review of existing data on effects of cytokines, immune regulation, and @entity5 cytotoxicity is detailed. The review concludes with the clinical trials using interferons and other methodologies. The trials presented here demonstrate the challenging work being done to take basic science into the clinical realm. As this work continues, our ability to design effective immune therapies will mature and yield increased therapeutic success.

title: Immunotherapy of malignant XXXX in @entity1 and adults: from theoretical principles to clinical application.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-immune system relationship', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: UVB radiation is the major etiologic factor in the development of @entity1489 . In addition to @entity5 -initiating effect, UVB also causes @entity5 promotion via mitogenic and survival signaling. Studies have shown strong preventive effects of @entity28041 against both UVB-induced and chemically induced @entity5 promotion in @entity19 skin models; however, mechanisms are not understood completely. Here, we used @entity5 promoter-sensitive JB6 @entity19 epithelial cell model and studied the effect of @entity28041 on two different mitogens [UVB and @entity6354 (EGF)] that induce mitogenic and cell survival signaling pathways. UVB (50-800 mJ/cm(2)) dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of @entity8837 ( @entity8837 ), c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase 1/2 ( @entity11957 ), and p38 kinase (p38K) as well as @entity1994 , with an optimum response at 400 mJ/cm(2) UVB dose. UVB caused a biphasic phosphorylation of @entity8837 in a time kinetics study. @entity28041 treatment before or immediately after UVB exposure, or both, resulted in a strong decrease in UVB-caused phosphorylation of @entity8837 and @entity1994 in both dose- and time-dependent manner, without any substantial response on @entity11957 and p38K. @entity28041 also suppressed UVB-induced @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, which are activated by @entity8837 and @entity1994 . @entity28041 treatment under similar conditions also strongly inhibited EGF-induced @entity8837 , @entity11957 , and p38K as well as @entity1994 phosphorylation, and also suppressed EGF-induced @entity9829 and NF-kappaB activation. Because @entity9829 and NF-kappaB are important nuclear transcription factors for @entity5 promotion, these results suggest that @entity28041 possibly prevents @entity1489 promotion by inhibiting UVB- and EGF-induced mitogenic and cell survival signaling involving both @entity9829 and NF-kappaB.

title: @entity28041 inhibits UVB- and @entity6354 -induced mitogenic and cell survival signaling involving XXXX in @entity19 epidermal JB6 cells.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor', 'nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity28041 :: ('MESH:C440975', 'Chemical') :: ['silibinin', 'Silibinin']

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2', 'ERK1/2']

answer: @entity9829 :: (16476(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB']


abstract: The effectiveness and complications of the treatment of @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) and voiding pressure > 60 mm @entity2507 using an endoluminal urethral sphincter prosthesis (Urolume) were compared with those of conventional external sphincterotomy in 46 @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) (mean age 34 years; range 18-58 years). Twenty-six @entity1 elected the Urolume, and 20 chose sphincterotomy. The age and level and duration of @entity1566 were similar in the two groups. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 20 months. After prosthesis placement, voiding pressure dropped from 88 +/- 29 cm @entity2507 to 38 +/- 22 cm @entity2507 at 6 months (n = 23) and 35 +/- 16 cm @entity2507 at 12 months (n = 18) (P < 0.001). The residual urine volume fell from 180 +/- 145 mL preoperatively to 85 +/- 125 mL at 12 months (P < 0.001), while the maximum cystometric capacity remained constant (P = 0.75). External sphincterotomy achieved similar statistically significant decreases in voiding pressure and residual urine volume, and bladder capacity was maintained. The preoperative and follow-up urodynamic measures were similar in the two groups. Prosthesis placement was associated with a significantly shorter operation (P = 0.001) and length of hospitalization (P = 0.01), a lower hospitalization cost (P = 0.01), and less @entity548 (change in hemoglobin concentration) (P = 0.01) than external sphincterotomy. The complications of stent insertion were device migration (n = 4) and secondary @entity1876 (n = 2). One @entity1 with continuing reflux required bilateral ureteral implantation. The complications of sphincterotomy were @entity548 necessitating transfusion (n = 2), recurrent obstruction (n = 2), and @entity323 (n = 1). The sphincter prosthesis is as effective as sphincterotomy in the treatment of @entity1690 , while being technically easier, less morbid, and less expensive.

title: Prospective comparison of external sphincter prosthesis placement and external sphincterotomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia', 'DESD']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck obstruction']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: A single-blind, multicentre, comparative clinical trial was performed in 59 @entity2023 sufferers to compare the efficacy of @entity40082 5 mg bd and @entity9691 60 mg bd over a period of 14 days. Clinical assessments of nasal and ocular symptoms were made on admission to the trial and after seven and 14 days treatment by both physicians and @entity1 . Critical flicker fusion threshold was measured at each assessment. A global assessment of efficacy was determined by both the doctor and @entity1 at the end of treatment. @entity1 also completed a daily diary card. Thirty @entity1 on @entity40082 and 22 on @entity9691 completed the trial. There were seven dropouts (five on @entity9691 and two on @entity40082 ). Both treatments were equally effective in reducing the severity of symptoms over the 14 days of treatment. The overall assessment at the end of treatment showed no important significant differences between the two drugs. According to the physicians, 60 per cent of the @entity40082 -treated @entity1 and 63 per cent of the @entity9691 -treated @entity1 had an excellent or good response. @entity1 assessed their response as excellent or good in 56 and 62 per cent of cases respectively. Neither @entity73 performance.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity40082 :: ('MESH:C006069', 'Chemical') :: ['mequitazine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drug significantly impaired']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

answer: @entity40082 :: (MESH:C006069,Chemical) :: ['Mequitazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore whether @entity3069 complex (MAC) strains isolated from @entity791 @entity1 produce and secrete @entity224 dismutase (SOD). DESIGN: SOD was assayed in the crude extracts and in cell-free medium of 18 MAC strains (MAC 101, LR and SK strains) isolated from @entity791 @entity1 to determine intracellular and extracellular activity. The SODs were characterized by PAGE and by their sensitivity to @entity2769 , @entity3789 and @entity273 . RESULTS: SOD activity was detected in cell extracts as well as in extracellular medium of all @entity791 -MAC strains. PAGE demonstrated a single activity band for each strain, though there were differences in mobility. All LR strains demonstrated an activity band with Rf = 0.30, while SOD band for MAC 101 and for SK strains migrated further (Rf = 0.87). The differences in mobility correlated with differences in sensitivity to @entity4627 and @entity274 . The SOD activity of LR strains was irreversibly inhibited 100% by 5 mM @entity274 , and exhibited greater sensitivity to @entity4627 , suggesting the presence of @entity68 in the enzyme. The SOD activity of SK strains and MAC 101, however, was not inhibited by 5 mM @entity274 but was inhibited to a lesser extent by @entity4627 , which is characteristic of a @entity921 -containing SOD. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that MAC strains are rich in @entity921 - or @entity68 -containing SOD, which could contribute to the organism's resistance to the oxidative burst of activated macrophages. The secretion of SOD may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MAC strains.

title: @entity224 dismutase activity of XXXX complex (MAC) strains isolated from @entity791 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: During the first trimester of pregnancy the uterus is massively infiltrated by decidual natural killer cells ( @entity47661 ). These cells are not killers, but they rather provide a microenvironment that is propitious to healthy placentation. @entity4538 ) is the most common cause of intrauterine @entity1800 and a known cause of severe @entity600 or @entity5617 . The rate of HCMV @entity281 is often low in the first trimester of pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling HCMV spreading during pregnancy are not yet fully revealed, but evidence indicating that the innate immune system plays a role in controlling HCMV @entity281 in healthy adults exists. In this study, we investigated whether @entity47661 cells could be involved in controlling viral spreading and in protecting the fetus against @entity2803 . We found that freshly isolated @entity47661 cells acquire major functional and phenotypic changes when they are exposed to HCMV-infected decidual autologous fibroblasts. Functional studies revealed that @entity47661 cells, which are mainly cytokines and chemokines producers during normal pregnancy, become cytotoxic effectors upon their exposure to HCMV-infected autologous decidual fibroblasts. Both the @entity3223 and the @entity9706 / @entity37432 or 2E activating receptors are involved in the acquired cytotoxic function. Moreover, we demonstrate that @entity2940 (pos) @entity47661 cells are able to infiltrate HCMV-infected trophoblast organ culture ex-vivo and to co-localize with infected cells in situ in HCMV-infected placenta. Taken together, our results present the first evidence suggesting the involvement of @entity47661 cells in controlling HCMV intrauterine @entity281 and provide insights into the mechanisms through which these cells may operate to limit the spreading of viral @entity281 to fetal tissues.

title: XXXX @entity281 elicits new decidual natural killer cell effector functions.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['congenital HCMV infection']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'congenital infection']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['Human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The global outbreak of @entity683 (H1N1) has led to the Ministry of Health of China listing it as one of the A-class infectious diseases. @entity55 is the most serious complication of @entity683 , commonly causing @entity204 . Populations are ordinarily susceptible to @entity683 . This study aimed to investigate the imaging manifestation features of critical @entity55 and to improve its diagnostic techniques. METHODS: A total of seven @entity204 cases from critical @entity55 were retrospectively analyzed on their imaging manifestations and autopsy data. Pulmonary CT scanning was performed for five cases, with one receiving additional chest X-ray and chest CT scanning, and chest postero-anterior position X-ray examination was performed for other two. Autopsy was performed for five cases and postmortem examinations were performed for other two cases. RESULTS: The seven cases of @entity683 showed critical manifestations in 4 - 7 days after symptoms onset, with two having basic diseases of @entity6 and one being pregnant. Extensive blurry high-density shadows of bilateral lungs were found in three cases, which were most obvious in middle and inferior parts of lungs. Pulmonary CT scanning revealed bilateral flaky parenchymal shadows in peripheral, dorsal and fundus segments of the middle-inferior parts of lungs, with one case of complicated pneumothorax, @entity891 and @entity1143 and another case of thin-walled cavity and dilated bronchi shadows in the superior parts of lungs. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic imaging is an important assessing tool for critical @entity55 . The imaging manifestations are characteristic instead of being specific. The definitive diagnosis can be made in combination with clinical examinations and laboratory tests.

title: Critical XXXX (H1N1) pneumonia: imaging manifestations and histopathological findings.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia', 'influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the @entity14377 in the @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR) @entity19 by a @entity19149 ( @entity19149 ) antagonist. METHODS: Experimental study. Fifty-eight 7-day-old C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into 3 groups randomly, the control group (n = 17), the test group (n = 17) and the medication group (n = 24). According to the dosage of @entity9019 , the medication group (n = 24) were divided into low dose group, high dose group, low dose control group, and high dose control group (each group n = 6). Each group (19-day-old) was sacrificed to perform ADPase staining, paraffin sections and immunohistochemical staining (anti- @entity1611 and anti- @entity19149 ). The average positive staining area percentage (APSAP) was measured as the outcomes and processed with the Students' t-test. RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed expression of both @entity1611 mRNA (0.080    0.022 vs. 0.123    0.032) and @entity19149 mRNA (0.731    0.099 vs.0.544    0.108) in retinas from the control group and test group, respectively. The expression of these factors in the test group was significantly higher (t = 2.488, P = 0.038;t = 2.864, P = 0.021). The number of neovascular endothelial nuclear that broke through the retinal internal limiting membrane in the paraffin section in the high dose group and the low dose group was significantly less than that in the self-control group (t = -9.507, P = 0.000; t = -10.761, P = 0.000). The appearance of ADPase staining sections in the medication group was more similar to the simple control group than that of the test group. Immunohistochemical staining sections showed that @entity1611 and @entity19149 expressed in neuroepithelial cells in each group. APSAP in the high dose group and the low dose group was significantly lower than that in the self-control group ( @entity1611 : t = -7.249, P = 0.000; t = -9.02, P = 0.000; @entity19149 : t = -5.246, P = 0.000; t = -5.216, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity9019 block the @entity9843 to reduce the effect of @entity19149 , decrease the production of @entity1611 protein and inhibite neovascularization.

title: [Anti-angiogenesis effect of @entity9019 in @entity26 -induced @entity989 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a widely used but resource-intensive treatment. Despite its broad adoption in intensive care units (ICUs), it remains challenging to identify @entity1 who would be most likely to achieve positive outcomes with this therapy and to provide realistic prognostic information to @entity1 and families. METHODS: We analyzed a prospective cohort of all 863 ICU @entity1 initiated on CRRT at an academic medical center from 2008 to 2011 with either new-onset @entity810 ( @entity810 ) or pre-admission @entity454 ( @entity454 ). We examined in-hospital and post-discharge mortality (for all @entity1 ), as well as renal recovery (for @entity810 @entity1 ). We identified prognostic factors for both in-hospital and post-discharge mortality separately in @entity1 with @entity810 or @entity454 . RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 61% for @entity810 and 54% for @entity454 . In @entity1 with @entity810 (n=725), independent risk factors for mortality included age over 60 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3, 2.7), serum lactate over 4 mmol/L (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5, 3.1), serum @entity1011 over 3 mg/dL at time of CRRT initiation (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43, 0.92) and comorbid @entity409 (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.1, 2.9). Among @entity1 with @entity454 (n=138), @entity409 was associated with increased mortality (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1, 11.1) as was admission to a medical (vs surgical) ICU (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1, 4.7). Following discharge, advanced age became a predictor of mortality in both groups ( @entity810 : HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2, 3.0; @entity454 : HR 4.1, 95% CI 1.5, 10.9). At the end of the study period, only 25% (n=183) of @entity1 with @entity810 achieved dialysis-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 initiating CRRT, risk factors for mortality differ between @entity1 with underlying @entity454 or newly acquired @entity810 . Long-term dialysis-free survival in @entity810 is low. Providers should consider these factors when assessing prognosis or appropriateness of CRRT.

title: Continuous renal replacement therapy outcomes in @entity810 and XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3841 strains of serotype b and with a deletion of 530  bp in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene ( @entity39300 clone) are known to be associated with severe @entity2521 . Our study was aimed to detect virulence genes of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains obtained from @entity1 living in four German cities with different proportions of immigrants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from severe @entity2521 @entity1 in Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, and Jena. Those being tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans were analyzed for serotypes, deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene, presence of cytolethal distending toxin encoding genes (cdtA, @entity18877 , and cdtC) and fibril gene1(flp-1). RESULTS: From all 99 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive samples, the @entity39300 clone was found in two immigrants in Frankfurt. Seventy strains were tested positive for the cdtA, 52 for @entity18877 , and 92 for cdtC and flp-1 genes. Twenty-five strains belonged to serotype a, 22 to serotype b, 21 to serotype c, 31 to the others or could not be serotyped, respectively. The distribution of the serotypes differed between the cities. Further, differences regarding the serotypes were also significant between natives and immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity39300 clone is not spread within the Caucasian inhabitants in German cities. The serotypes distribution seems to be influenced by the numbers of immigrants in the cities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity1 originated from North Africa should be especially screened for the presence of the deletion in the ltx promoter region.

title: Characterization of @entity3841 strains in @entity2521 XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of resection of metastatic @entity2184 and to analyze the characteristics of @entity1 who may benefit from surgical intervention. @entity1 AND METHODS Twelve @entity1 underwent surgical removal of @entity3 between 1976 and 1998. Data regarding primary @entity2184 , systemic @entity3 , surgical procedures, and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were seven @entity1 with liver @entity3 , two with lung @entity3 , one with brain @entity3 , and two @entity1 with @entity3 in the liver and other organs. Median time to systemic @entity3 was 8 years. Seven of 12 @entity1 were asymptomatic when they were found to have @entity3 . Ten @entity1 underwent complete resection of @entity3 . No significant surgical complications were experienced. Median recurrence free and overall survival periods after complete resection were 19 months (range, 6-78 months) and greater than 27 months (range, 11-86 months), respectively. Recurrence free and overall 5-year survival rates of those @entity1 were 15.6% and 53.3%, respectively. Three of these @entity1 had no further systemic recurrence. All @entity1 whose time to systemic @entity3 was within 5 years developed further systemic recurrence within 2 years after surgery. In contrast, in 8 @entity1 whose time to systemic @entity3 was greater than 5 years, 4 @entity1 either were recurrence free or developed second @entity3 more than 4 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical removal of metastatic @entity2184 provided unexpectedly long survival without significant morbidity for the selected @entity1 . These results are encouraging and justify a trial in which @entity1 eligible for resection are randomized between standard treatment and surgery.

title: Protracted survival after resection of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6629 is a relatively common sex chromosomal aneuploidy with an estimated incidence of one in every 1000 female births. There is considerable diversity in phenotypes among @entity1 with @entity6629 . @entity6629 has been shown to have associated abnormalities, with genitourinary malformations being the most consistent. @entity3609 ( @entity3609 ) is a @entity600 that occurs because of the lack of development of communication between the lymphatic and the venous systems. @entity3609 has an incidence of 1 in every 6000-10,000 live births. @entity3609 is associated with a variety of conditions, including chromosomal @entity2241 . CASE: We report a case of prenatally detected @entity6629 with axillary @entity3609 as an isolated finding. The @entity1 was referred because of a fetal @entity3928 at the right axillary region. Amniocentesis revealed 47,XXX karyotype, and no additional abnormalities were detected prenatally or after abortion. CONCLUSION: This is a novel description of axillary @entity3609 associated with @entity6629 .

title: Fetal axillary cystic hygroma: a novel association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic hygroma', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic malformation']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['Triple X syndrome', 'triple X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies and fetal malformations']

answer: @entity6629 :: (MESH:C535318,Disease) :: ['triple X syndrome']