abstract: Courtship behavior in male @entity16514 is partly mediated by the 5alpha-reductase enzyme, which converts @entity251 (T) to @entity586 . This study aimed to determine whether the activity of 5alpha-reductase is enhanced in breeding males compared to females and nonbreeding males who do not normally display @entity146 . In some cases, aromatase, which converts T to @entity53 , also was assessed to determine whether the pattern of its activity in anoles is similar to that in other vertebrates. 5alpha-Reductase is greatest in the brainstem, so its activity was determined separately in homogenates of whole brain and brainstems. The following comparisons were done in different assays: (1) breeding males with breeding females, (2) nonbreeding males with nonbreeding females, and (3) breeding males with nonbreeding males. Aromatase activity was greater in breeding males (mean +/- SE, 0.61 +/- 0.06 fmol/min/mg protein) than in breeding females (0.41 +/- 0.08 fmol/min/mg protein). It was also greater in breeding males (0.84 +/- 0.16 fmol/min/mg protein) than in nonbreeding males (0.33 +/- 0.07 fmol/min/mg protein). In contrast, sex or seasonal differences did not exist in 5alpha-reductase activity. The results are consistent with those of other vertebrate species in which male-biased sex dimorphisms and seasonal differences occur in aromatase, but not in 5alpha-reductase activity. The greater levels of aromatase activity in breeding male anoles suggest that this enzyme might mediate male-specific functions. The equivalently high levels of 5alpha-reductase activity in both sexes suggests that, in addition to facilitating male courtship behavior, the enzyme has a basic function common to both sexes.

title: Androgen metabolism in the brain of the @entity16514 lizard ( XXXX ): effects of sex and season.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['masculine behaviors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity16514 :: (28377,Species) :: ['Anolis carolinensis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical analysis of inpatients with @entity6371 in Kyushu. OBJECT AND METHOD: Clinical analysis of fifty-six @entity1 with @entity6371 , who were admitted between 1998 and 2003, at 12 national hospitals in Kyushu was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: The average age was 62.1 +/- 18.6 years, with an age range of 21 to 95 years. There were 44 males and 12 females. Seven of the 14 @entity1 , who were under 49 years old, had not received treatment previously. Twenty nine @entity1 had underlying diseases, which included 10 (17.9%) @entity6 , 5 (8.9%) @entity99 , and 4 (7.1%) @entity177 . Clinical classification of the cases were 54 pulmonary and 2 extrapulmonary @entity378 . There were 41 (75.9%) bilateral lesions of the lung. In 8 cases, strains were resistant to only 2 drugs ( @entity3109 , @entity1215 ). In 27 cases, strains were resistant to at least 5 drugs. The prognosis was as follows: In 27 @entity1 who were resistant to at least 5 drugs, six @entity1 (22.2%) converted to negative on culture and 10 @entity1 (37.0%) died. In 29 @entity1 who were resistant to less than 5 drugs, seventeen @entity1 (58.6%) converted to negative on culture and 6 @entity1 (20.7%) died. Surgical operation was performed in only 7 cases. The sputum smear and culture of 2 surgical @entity1 , who had poor control of @entity6 , became positive thereafter. The other 5 surgical @entity1 were in remission with negative cultures. CONSIDERATION: Half of the @entity1 who were under 49 years old had not received treatment previously. More than half of the @entity1 had underlying diseases. @entity1 , who were resistant to at least 5 drugs showed a lower bacteriological negative conversion-rate and higher death rate than @entity1 who were resistant to less than 5 drugs.

title: [Clinical analysis of cases with XXXX --inpatients at National Hospitals in Kyushu between 1998 and 2003].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['multidrug-resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adrenal corticomedullary adenoma was reviewed in many cases in PubMed Library, While the coincidence @entity4304 in the same gland was just described in two cases in the medical literature. Our case is the third to be reported and was treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and followed for two years. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 50-year-old @entity1 suffered from a mass effect in the left abdominal side. While the laboratory showed a mild elevation in the levels of both serum @entity701 and 24h urine @entity701 , radiological images were highly suggested an adrenal @entity5 without @entity3 . At surgery a 22cm sized mass was completely resected. Immunohistochemical study identified expression of both @entity1636 and @entity1911 markers. DISCUSSION: Cases of coincidence corticomedullary @entity5 have been published in many reviews, cortical and/or medulllary hypersecretion were not always detected preoperatively by biochemical tests. Mixed @entity189 are exceedingly rare, we came across three reported cases in medical literature, in one case laboratory tests confirmed both cortical and medulla hypersecretion, while the two others detected only cortical hypersecretion. The final diagnosis was always confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSION: It could be noted that this is the first comparison of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and follow-up of the three cases of Mixed @entity189 . This could contribute to understanding the behavior and management of this rare @entity5 and make it more familiar in clinical practice.

title: Mixed XXXX - case report: Comparison in features, treatment and prognosis with the other two reported cases.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['corticomedullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['corticomedullary adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity4304 :: (MESH:D000310,Disease) :: ['corticomedullary adrenal carcinoma']


abstract: The application of inorganic chemistry to medicine is a rapidly developing field, and novel therapeutic and diagnostic metals and metal complexes are now having an impact on medical practice. Advances in biocoordination chemistry are crucial for improving the design of compounds to reduce toxic side effects and understand their mechanisms of action. A lot of metal-based drugs are widely used in the treatment of @entity5 . The clinical success of @entity900 and other @entity902 complexes is limited by significant side effects acquired or intrinsic resistance. Therefore, much attention has focused on designing new coordination compounds with improved pharmacological properties and a broader range of antitumor activity. Strategies for developing new anticancer agents include the incorporation of carrier groups that can target @entity5 cells with high specificity. Also of interest is to develop complexes that bind to DNA in a fundamentally different manner than @entity900 , in an attempt to overcome the resistance pathways that have evolved to eliminate the drug. This review focuses on recent advances in developing @entity17361 anticancer agents with an emphasis on @entity17361 coordination complexes. These complexes may provide a broader spectrum of antitumor activity. They were compared with classical @entity902 anticancer drugs. Lanthanides are also of interest because of their therapeutic radioisotopes. The dominant pharmacological applications of @entity37461 are as agents in radioimmunotherapy and photodynamic therapy.

title: XXXX as anticancer agents.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity37461 :: ('MESH:D028581', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanides']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity17361 :: ('CHEBI:33319', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity37461 :: (MESH:D028581,Chemical) :: ['Lanthanides']


abstract: We report a case of @entity158 associated with @entity459 in a @entity1 with @entity3458 . A 17-year-old @entity1 with @entity3458 (SS phenotype) was seen for bilateral knee and back @entity158 . She had had recurrent severe vaso-occlusive crises and @entity5837 in the course of her disease. In the last 2 years, she had frequent visits to the emergency department for severe @entity158 . She complained of long-standing fatigue and lethargy. Her physical examination was normal. Hydroxyurea treatment, as well as and long- and short-acting narcotics were given, with little improvement in symptoms. Poor compliance with medication, @entity409 , and potential @entity4784 were felt to be significant contributors to the @entity1 's symptoms. She was incidentally found to have an extremely elevated total @entity460 level of 3.19 mmol/L (range: 2.25-2.76) with an ionized @entity460 level of 1.9 mmol/L (range: 1.15-1.35). @entity3151 level was 0.82 mmol/L (range: 0.90-1.50), alkaline phosphatase level was elevated at 519 U/L (range: 10-170), and @entity461 level was extremely high at 1645 pg/mL (range: 10-60). Her renal function was normal. Ultrasonography of the neck and a Sestamibi scan revealed a single left inferior @entity3243 adjacent to the thyroid lobe. There was no evidence of an underlying @entity3018 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity459 . Fluid hydration, @entity701 , @entity175 , and @entity171 were initiated for acute @entity2741 management before surgical excision of the left @entity3243 . On review of previous blood work, a borderline @entity460 level of 2.72 was present 18 months before this admission. Two years postsurgery, she has normal renal function, @entity460 , and @entity461 levels. The weekly visits to the emergency department for @entity158 episodes decreased to 1 every 2 months within the first few months after her surgery. The decrease in @entity158 episodes, even if it coincided with the treatment of @entity459 , may still reflect the natural evolution of @entity3458 in this @entity1 . However, the high morbidity associated with @entity459 was successfully prevented in this @entity1 . @entity459 is rare in childhood. In a recent study, it occurred more commonly in female adolescents and was because of a single @entity652 , as in our @entity1 . Significant morbidity, mainly secondary to @entity8 , was because of the delay in diagnosis after the onset of symptoms (2.0-4.2 years), emphasizing the need for a rapid diagnosis. Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 of every 600 blacks in North America. Acute episodes of severe @entity432 account for > 90% of sickle cell-related hospitalizations and are a significant cause of morbidity in @entity1 . There is no known association between @entity3458 and @entity459 , and this case is most probably a random occurrence. However, as emphasized by this case report, @entity158 may also be a harbinger of other disease processes in @entity3458 . Because management may vary, we suggest that care providers consider the diagnosis of @entity432 as the diagnosis of exclusion and that other etiologies for @entity158 be envisaged in this @entity1 population, especially in the presence of prolonged @entity158 or unusual clinical, radiologic, or biological findings.

title: XXXX mimicking vaso-occlusive crises in @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['family dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic addiction']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent prospective randomized studies have shown that adjuvant hormonal therapy combined with local treatment can significantly improve overall survival in @entity1 with locally advanced disease. This finding challenges the previous belief that adjuvant hormonal therapy may not be beneficial for minimal stages TxN + M0 or less @entity263 , particularly when combined with local treatment. We reviewed the benefits of adjuvant hormonal therapy in @entity1 at risk for disease progression, especially when administered after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the current literature and evaluated clinical information on stage pT3b @entity5 from a large single institution @entity263 database to determine the current role of adjuvant hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . RESULTS: Retrospective experimental and clinical studies have proved the impact of adjuvant hormonal therapy for decreasing @entity1486 (PSA) and clinical disease progression in @entity1 with regionally limited @entity263 . This finding applies to stage pT3b as well as to lymph node positive @entity5 . Our literature review and current data from the Mayo Clinic database show that adjuvant hormonal therapy after prostatectomy has a significant impact on @entity1486 (PSA) progression but it also decreases systemic progression and cause specific @entity204 in @entity1 with stage pT3b and lymph node positive disease. After adjusting for preoperative PSA, margins, grade, ploidy and @entity1 age the risk ratio for stage pT3b disease in 707 cases was 0.3 (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.7). A recent prospective randomized trial showed a significant decrease in @entity5 in N+ cases when adjuvant hormonal therapy was administered after radical prostatectomy, supporting previous Mayo Clinic data on N+ disease that favors combination therapy. In the PSA era, that is 1987 and after, our database data on stage pTxN+ @entity5 indicates that radical prostatectomy and hormonal therapy for single node positive disease resulted in 94% 10-year cause specific survival, which was not significantly different from the rate in @entity1 with @entity66 after adjusting for local stage, Gleason grade, margins, ploidy, PSA and adjuvant hormonal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our literature review, including prospective randomized studies, and more recent results in the PSA era from our database indicate that early adjuvant hormonal therapy has a significant impact on time to progression and cause specific survival in @entity1 with @entity3 and limited @entity1600 who undergo radical prostatectomy, although in a retrospective nonrandomized study. Future prospective studies with longer followup are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of adjuvant treatment in regard to survival for stages pT2 and pT3a disease with unfavorable pathological variables.

title: Role of early adjuvant hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N0 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: An outbreak of @entity7409 @entity12045 involving 17 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) @entity1 was studied. There were 14 blood culture and nine colonizing isolates from other sites available. The hands of NICU healthcare workers (HCW) yielded eight isolates. Screening of the isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method showed only three profiles. Typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed all blood isolates were RFLP subtype VII-1. Among the nine @entity1 colonizing isolates, there were four different RFLP subtypes; four of the isolates were subtype VII-1. Seven of the eight isolates from HCW were RFLP subtype VII-1. The majority of @entity1 colonizers were not found in the blood, suggesting a possible direct spread of the epidemic subtype VII-1 strain from HCW hands to @entity1 blood. The source of the @entity1 colonizing strains is unclear, but non-VII-1 strains may be largely of maternal origin and VII-1 strains from HCW. These findings reinforce prior studies that have implicated HCW hands as the source of nosocomial, including neonatal, @entity12045 .

title: @entity7409 XXXX in neonates: genotyping results suggest healthcare workers hands as source, and review of published studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis']

answer: @entity12045 :: (MESH:D016469,Disease) :: ['fungemia']


abstract: @entity2331 , which is correlated with @entity2588 and poor nutritional habits, has been well documented in elite ballet dancers. @entity172 replacement therapy and recovery from @entity2588 have not been associated with normalization of bone density. Thus, the @entity2331 may be related to changes brought about by chronic dieting or other factors, such as a hypometabolic state induced by poor nutrition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of chronic dieting and resting metabolic rate (RMR) to @entity2588 and bone density. RMR, bone density, @entity1277 assessments, @entity1243 levels, and complete menstrual and medical histories were determined in 21 elite ballet dancers and in 27 nondancers (age, 20-30 yr). No significant correlations were found between high EAT26 scores, a measure of @entity1277 , and RMR, bone densities, body weight, body fat, or @entity1386 . However, when RMR was adjusted @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), a significant positive correlation was found between RMR/ @entity1386 and bone density in both the arms (P < 0.001) and spine (P < 0.05) in ballet dancers, but not in the normal controls. The dancers also demonstrated significantly higher EAT scores (22.9 +/- 10.3 vs. 4.1 +/- 2.4; P < 0.001) and lower RMR/ @entity1386 ratios (30.0 +/- 2.2 vs. 32.05 +/- 2.8; P < 0.01). The only variable to predict lower RMR/ @entity1386 in the entire sample was ever having had @entity2588 ; this group had significantly higher EAT scores (18.0 +/- 13.5 vs. 10.3 +/- 10.2; P < 0.05), lower @entity1243 levels (4.03 +/- 0.625 vs. 7.10 +/- 4.052; P < 0.05), and lower bone mineral density in the spine (0.984 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.10 +/- 0.13; P < 0.05) and arm (0.773 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.818 +/- 0.01; P < 0.05). We hypothesize that the correlation between low RMR and lower @entity1243 levels and bone density may be more strongly related to nutritional habits in ballet dancers, causing significant @entity308 of RMR, particularly for those with a history of @entity2588 .

title: Bone density and @entity2588 in ballet dancers are related to a decreased resting metabolic rate and lower XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['disordered eating', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['for fat-free mass', 'fat-free mass', 'FFM']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed at investigating the effect of placing @entity17540 - @entity5070 -cellulose membrane (HCMC) on the formation of adhesion postoperatively in a damaged area in the peritoneum of the anterior stomach wall. METHODS: The study was conducted on 30 @entity95 . A transverse peritoneal damage was inflicted on the stomach anterior walls of all @entity95 . In the first treatment group, HCMC was placed on the sutured anterior wall of stomach of 15 @entity95 . In the second control group, on the other hand, no treatment was conducted on 15 @entity95 . On the 30th day after the operation, relaparatomy was performed on the @entity95 and adhesions were evaluated by an independent surgeon according to seriousness and prevalence scores. RESULTS: There were postoperative adhesions (POA) in 12 (80 %) @entity95 in the control group. On the other hand, there were POA in 5 @entity95 (33.3 %) in the treatment group. In the treatment group, adhesion was totally prevalent in 2 @entity95 (13.3 %), whereas this ratio was 7 (46.6 %) in the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that the use of @entity17540 - @entity5070 -cellulose could be beneficial on damaged peritoneum surfaces following abdominal surgery in order to reduce POA development to a minimum (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 22). KEYWORDS: @entity17540 - @entity5070 -cellulose, Seprafilm  , surgery, adhesions.

title: The effect of @entity17540 - XXXX -cellulose on the formation of postoperative adhesion in stomach visceral peritoneum damage.

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronate']

answer: @entity5070 :: (CHEBI:41402,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 ( @entity32 ), low-dose aspirin (LDA), non-aspirin antiplatelet medications (APs), and anticoagulant medications (ACs) increase the risk of @entity360 . AIM: To examine whether @entity32 , LDA, APs, and ACs use is associated with @entity548 from @entity10189 . METHODS: This was a case-control study of @entity1 with endoscopically verified @entity10189 diagnosed at our institution from 2004 to 2011. Among 1,611 @entity1 , we identified those who required endoscopic hemostasis for @entity548 @entity1066 as cases. Age-matched, sex-matched, and @entity1534 status-matched @entity1 who did not require therapeutic interventions served as controls. Use of @entity32 , LDA, APs, and ACs within 2  weeks prior to the endoscopy was compared between cases and controls, and effects on @entity1066 @entity548 were calculated. RESULTS: We recruited 341 cases and 668 controls. The site and number of @entity1066 were not different between groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that LDA and @entity32 , individually, were associated with the increase in the risk of @entity548 (OR 1.80 and 95  % CI 1.18-2.75 for LDA; 1.35 and 1.01-1.80 for @entity32 ). In addition, a combination of LDA and @entity32 or LDA and APs contributed more profoundly to the @entity548 (OR 3.59 and 95  % CI 1.19-10.81 for LDA/ @entity32 ; OR 6.70 and 95  % CI 1.83-24.50 for LDA/APs). However, ACs, alone or in combination, were not associated with @entity548 @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: Both LDA and @entity32 are risk factors for @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity10189 , while ACs are unrelated to the increased risk. The risk of @entity548 with LDA may increase with simultaneous use of APs.

title: Low-Dose Aspirin and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Increase the Risk of Bleeding in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['NSAIDs', 'Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers', 'gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['Gastroduodenal Ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity226 ( @entity226 ) affects large arteries, including the vertebral arteries in up to 15% of cases. High resolution ultrasonography (US) is widely used for noninvasive imaging of the extracranial vertebral arteries. We assessed the prevalence of @entity9085 and structural abnormalities of the extracranial vertebral arteries by US in @entity1 with @entity226 and @entity2760 rheumatica (PMR) and in healthy controls. METHODS: This prospective study included clinical and US data from 93 @entity1 with @entity226 and 34 with PMR. A comparison was made with US findings in a population based, age matched group of 203 elderly subjects. RESULTS: @entity9085 in 4 @entity1 with @entity226 was less frequent (4.3%) than @entity532 (27.9%). In all 4 @entity1 @entity9085 was associated with proximal @entity432 . The rate of @entity850 (> 50%) and occlusions of the vertebral arteries was significantly higher in the @entity226 @entity1 (12.9%) than in the PMR @entity1 (2.9%) and controls (3%). Concentric hypoechogenic mural thickening of the proximal segments V0/V1 of the vertebral artery was found in only one PMR @entity1 and 2 @entity226 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity9085 is an uncommon complication of @entity226 . Color duplex sonography can help to detect temporal @entity3468 of the vertebral arteries. Hypoechogenic mural thickening in @entity226 can be indistinguishable from wall @entity1410 caused by @entity4066 and @entity432 .

title: XXXX and structural abnormalities of the vertebral arteries in active temporal @entity3468 and @entity2760 rheumatica--an ultrasonographic case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal arteritis', 'TA']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['neuroophthalmological complications']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebrobasilar ischemia', 'vertebrobasilar ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery occlusive disease', 'atherothrombotic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['Vertebrobasilar ischemia']


abstract: Effects of the Ay gene, a coat color gene, on susceptibility to @entity701 fetotoxicity and teratogenicity were investigated by using the congenic strain of C57BL/6-Ay (Ay/a) which had been maintained by repeated back-crosses of the Ay gene to the C57BL/6 (a/a) background. Matings were conducted as follows (female x male): group I, a/a; group II, a/a x Ay/a; and group III, Ay/a x a/a. Pregnant females were subcutaneously given daily doses of 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of @entity701 on days 10-13 of pregnancy. On day 18 of pregnancy, fetuses were sexed, weighed, and examined for external abnormalities. In group I, the mean fetal weight was significantly decreased at a dose of 25 mg/kg or more. The incidences of @entity2419 were 3.2 and 22.7% at 25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. In group II, in which half of the fetuses were expected to carry the Ay gene, the mean fetal weight was decreased significantly at 12.5 mg/kg or more. The incidence of @entity2419 in group II at 50 mg/kg was 44.2%, which was significantly higher than that in group I. In group III, in which maternal @entity19 as well as half of their fetuses carried the Ay gene, a decrease in the mean fetal weight was greater than in group II. In addition, the mean percentage of fetal resorptions was significantly increased at 50 mg/kg. The incidence of @entity2419 in group III was significantly increased at 25 mg/kg (10.5%) when compared with those in groups I and II. These results indicate that the Ay gene may be associated with susceptibility to @entity701 fetotoxicity and teratogenicity in @entity19 .

title: Effects of the Ay gene on susceptibility to XXXX fetotoxicity and teratogenicity in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: Thigh myogenic cells from 11-12-day-old @entity1573 embryos were cultured continuously in the presence of medium containing no @entity1573 embryo extract (CEE). It is known that CEE contains a muscle-inducing protein of 35,000 daltons. In spite of the absence of embryo extract and provided that @entity460 , starting at a concentration as low as 3 X 10(-4) M, was present in the tested media, typically aligned myotubes with 20 or more nuclei per fiber or abnormal myosymplasts were produced at will. In the first case, the result was systematically obtained when the media were unchanged. Consequently, the cell microenvironment remained undisturbed and therefore was autoconditioned throughout the 7 days of culture. In the second case, the result depended on the feeding schedules. Conversely, no myotubes were formed in cultures in embryo extract-free medium without @entity460 , irrespective of the frequency of medium changes. @entity17547 , a serum factor believed to be involved in syncytium formation process in vitro, was present in all tested media. Undialyzed or dialyzed fetal calf serum (FCS), used for the preparation of the media, contained 11 mu units of @entity17547 per milliliter. The @entity17547 content in all tested media was diluted, however, to one tenth the physiological serum concentration. The hormone did not promote any kind of myoblast fusion in any experiment in which @entity460 was deleted as a component of the tested media, regardless of the feeding schedule followed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -independent controlled physiological morphogenesis of @entity1573 muscle from fusion-capable myoblasts.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity17547 :: (396145(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1150 is mainly diagnosed by ultrasound today. In some instances diagnosis is challenging and magnetic resonance angiography could be an attractive alternative. Gadofosveset is a blood pool contrast agent with some favourable properties for this purpose. @entity1 AND METHODS: We investigated eight @entity1 with proven deep venous @entity715 by Gadofosveset enhanced MR phlebography. We performed a 3D gradient-echo sequence with an overall measurement time of 9 minutes and 6 seconds. One minute after injection of Gadofosveset in a concentration of 0.12 ml/kg body weight images were acquired. Thrombi were visualised by their lack of luminal contrast filling. RESULTS: Thrombi were visualised in all @entity1 . In one @entity1 with extended @entity715 a previously undiagnosed @entity43 was detected additionally. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1150 in lower extremities can be visualised reliably by performing MR phlebography with blood pool contrast agent Gadofosveset. Visualisation of the complete venous system is feasible. This investigation method may be performed in @entity1 difficult to investigate with ultrasound or may be used for planning interventional procedures.

title: Gadofosveset enhanced MR phlebography for detecting pelvic and deep vein leg XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis', 'Deep venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Background. @entity460 malabsorption after bariatric surgery may be harmful to skeletal health and demands for optimal skeletal management. Methods. 103 @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively at 12 months after surgery. The evaluation included a questionnaire about stool frequency and consistency and laboratory assessments. Results. 103 @entity1 , 27 males and 76 females, were included in the study. 83 @entity1 had an alimentary limb of 100   cm and 20 @entity1 one of 150   cm. At 12 months after surgery, 77.7% reported changes of bowel habits, albumin adjusted @entity460 levels were normal in all but 2 @entity1 , and @entity461 levels were increased in 35%. Correlations between semiquantified bowel scores (fecal scores) and data from the laboratory demonstrated increasing @entity461 values along with more frequent and softer/watery stools (RR 30.5, CI 6.2-149.2, P < .001). There was a trend for higher @entity461 levels in @entity1 with an alimentary limb of 150   cm. Normal @entity461 levels were more frequently found in case of @entity460 and @entity3875 use (RR 14.3, CI 3.6-56.5, P < .001). Conclusion. This study demonstrates interrelationships between semi-quantified fecal scores, @entity461 levels, and the compliance of taking @entity460 / @entity3875 suppletion. However, prospective randomized studies are necessary to show causal relationships.

title: Semiquantitative assessment of bowel habits and its relation with XXXX metabolism after gastric bypass surgery: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) provides a powerful new means to inhibit @entity1800 specifically. However, the selection of siRNA-resistant viruses is a major concern in the use of RNAi as antiviral therapeutics. In this study, we conducted a lentiviral vector with a H1-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassette to deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into @entity1 cells. Using this vector that also expresses enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as surrogate marker, stable shRNA-expressing cell lines were successfully established and the inhibition efficiencies of rationally designed siRNAs targeting to conserved regions of @entity11317 genome were assessed. The results showed that a siRNA targeting influenza M2 gene (siM2) potently inhibited viral replication. The siM2 was not only effective for H1N1 virus but also for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. In addition to its M2 inhibition, the siM2 also inhibited NP mRNA accumulation and protein expression. A long term inhibition effect of the siM2 was demonstrated and the emergence of siRNA-resistant mutants in influenza quasispecies was not observed. Taken together, our study suggested that M2 gene might be an optimal RNAi target for antiviral therapy. These findings provide useful information for the development of RNAi-based prophylaxis and therapy for @entity1 @entity778 .

title: Small interfering RNA targeting m2 gene induces effective and long term inhibition of XXXX replication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

answer: @entity11317 :: (11320,Species) :: ['influenza A virus']


abstract: Seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity3052 in relapse were treated with high-dose @entity2592 (3 g/m2 intravenously (IV) every 12 hours for 12 doses) alone, or with three days of @entity4349 antibiotics ( @entity632 20 mg/m2 or @entity5699 30 mg/m2 IV daily) after completing the course of @entity2592 . Consolidation and maintenance therapy was not given. When @entity8253 were added there was no increase in frequency or severity of nonhematologic @entity137 including @entity2024 , @entity3917 , @entity1909 , @entity76 , and @entity344 . All 78 @entity1 achieved @entity3894 of the bone marrow. Five @entity1 in each group died before bone marrow recovery. The use of @entity8253 did not prolong bone marrow recovery, with both groups demonstrating adequate granulocyte and platelet counts about four weeks after beginning treatment. Forty-one (53%) of the total 78 @entity1 achieved a complete remission. In @entity1 not clinically resistant to conventional-dose @entity2592 , both regimens were equally effective inducing a complete remission (high-dose @entity2592 alone, 12/19 [63%]; with @entity4349 , 11/17 [65%], P = .270); in @entity1 clinically resistant, the regimen including @entity4349 was superior (15/27 [56%] v 3/15 [20%], P = .022). The duration of unmaintained response was similar (median, five months), but the longest remissions occurred when @entity8253 were used. Thus, high-dose @entity2592 is effective in producing remissions in relapsed @entity1 with @entity3052 , and the addition of an @entity4349 enhances this effect.

title: High-dose @entity2592 therapy with and without @entity4349 antibiotics for remission reinduction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The cause of postanesthesia shaking (PS) is unknown. PS develops spontaneously and unpredictably in up to 67% of @entity1 emerging from general anesthesia, and it continues for minutes to hours when not treated with medications or radiant heat lamps. The purposes of this study were to (1) examine whether @entity12691 ( @entity12691 ; Anaquest, Madison, WI/Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Evansville, IN), @entity6882 ( @entity6882 ; Winthrop, NY, NY), and @entity1286 are differentially effective in suppressing PS, (2) compare PS suppression by sex, and (3) determine time to PS development. PS, measured on a 0 to 3 visual scale, developed in 120 of 533 @entity1 (23%). Medication treatment was initiated for 66 of 120 @entity1 by PACU nurses following standard policies and procedures for intravenous doses of 1 mg @entity12691 (n = 12), 15 to 30 mg @entity6882 (n = 18; n = 23), or 2 to 4 mg @entity1286 (n = 13). Treatment effect was measured in units on a 0 to 2 visual scale. By t test, @entity12691 is more effective within 2 minutes than @entity6882 for suppressing shaking alone (P less than .02) or shaking among @entity1 also complaining of @entity158 (P less than .02). @entity1286 does not relieve shaking. The chi 2 test indicates @entity1 suppress PS more rapidly than @entity1 (P less than .01), and PS develops within 5 minutes of PACU arrival (P less than .001). Findings suggest that @entity12691 is an alternative PS treatment to @entity6882 , since it relieves shaking within 2 to 5 minutes without producing @entity390 , @entity391 , or recurrence of shaking.

title: @entity12691 ( @entity12691 ) relieves postanesthesia shaking more effectively than XXXX ( @entity6882 ) or @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'Stadol', 'butorphanol tartrate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine', 'Demerol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7242 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In preclinical models, @entity1311 and the oral @entity7242 inhibitor @entity8947 showed greater antitumor activity than either agent. To determine the maximum tolerated dose of this combination, we conducted a phase I study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity0 ; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of zero to one; normal hepatic, renal and marrow function were eligible. @entity1311 80 mg/m(2) was given 3 weeks of 4. The starting @entity8947 dose was 70 mg and was increased, using a standard 3   +   3 dose-escalation scheme. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 enrolled (median age 54 years, range 35-74). No dose-limiting toxic effects (DLTs) occurred at @entity8947 doses of 70-120 mg. One DLT (grade 3 @entity1295 ) occurred in the @entity8947 150-mg cohort, which was expanded (six @entity1 ) with no further DLTs. However, due to cumulative toxic effects ( @entity1910 , @entity1295 , @entity294 ), the recommended phase II dose is @entity8947 120 mg. Of 13 assessable @entity1 , a partial response was seen in 4 @entity1 (31%), including 2 @entity1 previously treated with @entity6023 ; all received >= 120 mg @entity8947 . An additional five @entity1 (29%) had stable disease. CONCLUSION: In combination with weekly @entity1311 , the recommended phase II dose of @entity8947 is 120 mg daily and preliminary activity has been seen in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: A phase I study of @entity8947 and weekly @entity1311 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: Vaccinations are extremely effective at combating @entity166 . Many conserved antigen (Ag) targets, however, are poorly immunogenic. Protein subunit vaccines frequently elicit only humoral immune responses and fail to confer protection against serious intracellular pathogens. These barriers to vaccine development are often overcome by the use of appropriate adjuvants. @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ) produced by enterotoxigenic strains of @entity526 are potent adjuvants when administered by mucosal or systemic routes. The efficacy of the type II @entity2777 , however, has not been well-defined when administered by the intradermal (ID) route. Using a @entity19 ID immunization model, the adjuvant properties of LT-IIb and LT-IIc, two type II HLTs, were compared with those of LT-I, a prototypical type I @entity2777 . While all three @entity2777 adjuvants enhanced Ag-specific humoral responses to similar levels, LT-IIb and LT-IIc, in contrast to LT-I, induced a more vigorous Ag-specific CD8+ T cell response and proffered faster clearance of @entity5125 in a challenge model. Additionally, LT-IIb and LT-IIc induced distinct differences in the profiles of the Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses. While LT-IIc stimulated a robust and rapid primary CD8+ T cell response, LT-IIb exhibited slower CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction kinetics with the formation of higher percentages of effector memory cells. In comparison to LT-I and LT-IIc, LT-IIb evoked better long-term protection after immunization. Furthermore, LT-IIb and LT-IIc enhanced the total number of dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and expression of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40 on DCs. In contrast to LT-I, LT-IIb and LT-IIc induced less @entity4 , cellular infiltrates, and general @entity32 at the site of ID injection. Thus, LT-IIb and LT-IIc are attractive comprehensive ID adjuvants with unique characteristic that enhance humoral and cellular immunity to a co-administered protein Ag.

title: Intradermal Administration of the Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxins LT-IIb and LT-IIc of Enterotoxigenic XXXX Enhances Humoral and CD8+ T Cell Immunity to a Co-Administered Antigen.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['HLT', 'Heat-labile enterotoxins']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1635 radiographs of 93 @entity1 with either @entity2112 or @entity1644 -associated @entity1635 were assessed, defining their sagittal alignment. OBJECTIVE: To validate an observation regarding the absence of Dickson's @entity85 of the thoracic spine in @entity1 with @entity1644 -associated @entity1635 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 with @entity1615 have a classic @entity85 . Dickson described that @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) have an associated @entity85 at the apex of their @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective reviews of standard @entity1635 series radiographs of 93 @entity1 with @entity1644 -associated @entity1635 from two institutions were compared. Particular attention was given to the lateral radiograph of the spine assessing presence or absence of Dickson's apical @entity1515 . Nine @entity1 had to be excluded because of inadequate imaging. The study group consisted of 30 @entity1 with @entity1635 from TSRH with documented @entity1644 identified between 1985 and 1997. The demographic and radiographic features of this group were compared with those of a control group consisting of a consecutive series of 54 @entity1 from HSS with adolescent idiopathic and normal MRI. The groups were comparable for age (mean age: control 13 y; syrinx 12 y) and curve pattern but differed in curve magnitude (mean Cobb: control 50 degrees; syrinx 40 degrees ). RESULTS: Apical @entity1515 was present in 97% of @entity1 with @entity1615 and a normal MRI but was absent in 75% of @entity1 with @entity1644 -associated @entity1635 (P < 0.0001). The results also confirmed that male @entity1 with @entity1635 and @entity10584 have a predisposition to having a @entity1644 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity85 in @entity1635 can be an indicator of the presence of a @entity1644 . Our results reinforce the necessity of assessing @entity85 when treating @entity1635 . If apical @entity85 is absent, a diagnosis of @entity2112 should be made with caution.

title: @entity85 in the thoracic spine: a clue to the presence of XXXX as a cause of @entity1635 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic or syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-side curves']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal plane deformity', 'coronal deformity', 'lordotic deformity', 'Sagittal plane deformity', 'sagittal deformity']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are several reports on the association between pubalgia and @entity7334 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in athletes who underwent tenotomy due to long-standing groin @entity158 . A secondary purpose was evaluating the frequency of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) and its impact on the long-term outcome. METHODS: Thirty-two high-level male athletes treated with adductor tenotomy, rectus abdominis tenotomy or both were included. At a median follow-up time of 6 years after the tenotomy, the subjects underwent standardised clinical examination, plain radiographs, completed web-based health-related @entity1 -reported outcomes, including iHOT12, HAGOS (six subscales), EQ-5D (two subscales), @entity18913 for physical activity level and a VAS for overall hip function. Furthermore, @entity1 satisfaction and return to sports were documented. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the 32 (75 %) athletes were satisfied with the outcome of the tenotomy, and 22 of the athletes (69 %) were able to return to their pre-injury sport. Before the long-term follow-up, two of these satisfied athletes had undergone repeat surgery (one hip arthroscopy due to @entity1743 and one repeat tenotomy). Of the 24 satisfied athletes, eight (33 %) had a positive hip impingement test at the follow-up. Of the remaining eight athletes not satisfied with the outcome, only one returned to their pre-injury sport and three had undergone hip arthroscopy prior to follow-up. Five had positive hip impingement tests which was significantly more frequently than in the satisfied group (p = 0.008). The group with a positive hip impingement test reported significantly more @entity158 and symptoms, more hip problems during sports and physical activity, as well as lower hip-related quality of life according to the HAGOS scores (p < 0.05), at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tenotomy for pubalgia yielded a satisfactory long-term outcome, with three of four athletes being able to return to their pre-injury sport. The athletes that did not return to their pre-injury sport had higher frequency of positive hip impingement test and inferior functional outcome compared with the athletes that did return to their pre-injury sport. It is therefore recommended that the hip should be carefully evaluated for hip impingement before tenotomy is considered as treatment for athletes with pubalgia.

title: Can hip impingement be mistaken for XXXX in the groin? A long-term follow-up of tenotomy for groin @entity158 in athletes.

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoro-acetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular hip disorders']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['tendon pain']


abstract: @entity62092 , a parenterally administered semisynthetic @entity5898 , produces high and sustained serum levels in @entity1 . It is active in vitro against @entity6368 , including beta-lactamase-producing strains. Therefore, the efficacy of cefonicid in treatment of @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity2954 was evaluated in a two-phase study. Initially, 58 @entity1 were treated intramuscularly with 1 g of cefonicid. There were four failures among the 50 @entity1 who could be evaluated. In the second phase (a double-blind study), 57 @entity1 received either 1.0 g of cefonicid or 4.8 x 10(6) units of procaine @entity3397 plus 1.0 g of probenecid. Among 17 @entity1 treated with @entity114 , there were two failures; among the 33 cefonicid-treated @entity1 , there was only one failure. Thus, 78 (94%) of 83 @entity1 receiving cefonicid were cured. Of the 85 pretreatment and four posttreatment isolates tested, 31 were inhibited by less than 0.0625 microgram of @entity114 /ml and 87 were inhibited by less than 1.0 microgram/ml. Twenty-eight of the 89 isolates were inhibited by less than 0.0625 microgram of cefonicid/ml and 88, by less than 1.0 microgram of cefonicid/ml. It is concluded that 1.0 g of cefonicid given intramuscularly is effective therapy for uncomplicated @entity2954 .

title: Single-dose treatment of uncomplicated XXXX : a comparison of @entity62092 and @entity114 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity62092 :: ('MESH:D015790', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefonicid']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonococcal urethritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity924 is a common @entity7184 . There are several modalities of treatment, reflecting difficulties in management. In particular, due to the well-recognised surgical morbidity, treatment has steered towards less invasive routes. Previous studies have targeted pathology either inside or outside the tendon in isolation with varying results. This study aimed to target both pathological sites by combining dry needling with percutaneous hydrostatic decompression as a novel treatment. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with 26 chronic, non-insertional Achilles @entity924 were prospectively enrolled. Ultrasound-guided dry needling of neovascular areas and small-volume hydrostatic paratenon decompression was performed 6-weekly. Sonographic assessment of tendon thickness and @entity2295 was undertaken. Following treatment, a standardised physiotherapy regime was adopted. Visual analogue scores (VAS) were used as the primary outcome measure. Telephonic interviews were carried out 12 and 24  months post-treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four tendons (in 19 @entity1 ) were successfully treated. The mean treatment session was 2. There was no significant change in @entity2295 or tendon thickness. Therapeutic intervention led to a significant improvement in VAS at rest (42.4      24.4 vs. 18.4      26.0, p  =  0.0005) and during activity (72.8      16.0 vs. 33.7      23.2, p  <  0.0001). At 12 and 24  months, >75  % of @entity1 were highly satisfied with their outcome with nearly half reporting complete resolution of their symptoms. >85  % were also able to return to their sporting interests. CONCLUSION: Combined therapy of dry needling with percutaneous hydrostatic paratenon decompression under ultrasound guidance is a well-tolerated procedure with good short- and long-term @entity158 and functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective case series, Level IV.

title: Ultrasound-guided dry needling with percutaneous paratenon decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injury']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Achilles tendinopathy', 'tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['chronic Achilles tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a frequently aggressive @entity5 of the skin that presents in sun-exposed areas on elderly @entity1 . Although originally described over 30 years ago, many aspects of @entity3852 remain to be defined. Of particular importance is the need to identify prognostic factors capable of predicting the biological behavior of these @entity5 . Knowledge of these factors may help in determining which @entity1 require more aggressive treatment regimens. In this study, we examined 25 cases of @entity3852 with an attempt to identify clinical, histopathological, or immunohistochemical features capable of predicting disease outcome. METHODS: Features that we evaluated in each case included age, gender, race, @entity5 location, @entity5 size, depth of invasion, growth pattern, @entity2617 , mitotic activity, @entity1066 , @entity39 , @entity1350 , and perineural invasion. In addition, we examined neural cell adhesion molecule and @entity2225 expression using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: We found that most @entity1 were males (84%) with an average age of 74 years. The @entity5 were located on the head and neck (68%) and upper extremities (32%). Overall, 64% of the @entity1 developed @entity3 to regional lymph nodes or distant sites (average follow-up time of 21 months). Local recurrence was also common, occurring in 29% of the @entity1 . The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 80 and 53%, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed @entity5 with an average size of 7.2 mm. Common features included invasion into the subcutaneous adipose tissue, solid growth pattern, @entity5 @entity39 , and vascular and perineural invasion. Findings that had a statistically significant correlation with poor outcome included @entity5 size > or =5 mm (p = 0.047), invasion into the subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.005), diffuse growth pattern (p = 0.040), and heavy @entity2617 (p = 0.017). The remaining findings, including the immunohistochemical results, did not correlate with disease outcome. Using logistic regression models, we show that depth of invasion and degree of @entity2617 are strong predictors of disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The current controversies regarding the treatment of early-stage @entity3852 (i.e., @entity66 ) underscore the importance of identifying clinicopathological features capable of predicting @entity5 behavior. In this study, we have identified several prognostic features in @entity3852 . Perhaps, these features may prove useful in identifying @entity1 who require more aggressive treatment regimens.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study with prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) has become the predominant limiting factor for long-term transplant survival. A cardinal histomorphologic correlate for @entity740 is @entity82 . Currently, no method has been established in routine use that reliably quantifies the extent of @entity82 in renal grafts. We have used staining with picrosirius red followed by computerized image analysis to study the correlation between graft @entity82 and future development of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a group of @entity1 with advanced @entity740 . METHODS: Renal biopsies were performed in 56 @entity1 (mean age, 13.7+/-3.6 years) after a mean period of 4.6+/-3.1 years after transplantation because of significant increases in serum @entity1011 . All biopsy specimens were stained with picrosirius red. The magnitude of fibrotic tissue was calculated by computerized image analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed correlating the intensity of graft @entity82 and the changes in the GFR at the time points of renal biopsy and 2 years later. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.62, P<0.001) between the picrosirius red-stained cortical fractional @entity82 volume (V(intFib)) and the decrease of GFR within 2 years postrenal biopsy. When V(intFib) was below 5%, 82% of the @entity1 had an increase in GFR within 2 years. Ninety-three percent of the @entity1 with greater than 10% of @entity82 experienced a worsening renal function after 2 years. When comparing @entity1 with stable GFR with @entity1 having a decrease in GFR, a highly significant difference in V(intFib) was found (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative measurement of @entity82 by picrosirius red staining appears to be a useful prognostic indicator for estimating long-term graft function in @entity740 and may provide an easy, fast, and inexpensive tool helpful for treatment decisions in @entity1 developing @entity740 .

title: Computer-assisted quantification of XXXX in chronic allograft nephropaty by picosirius red-staining: a new tool for predicting long-term graft function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CAN', 'Chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: To assess the response rate and @entity137 of the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor, @entity28897 , in @entity320 . Seventeen @entity1 were enrolled from April to November 2005. Ispinesib was administered as a 1-hour infusion at a dose of 18 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks until disease progression. No objective responses were seen. Six @entity1 (35%) had a best response of stable disease for a median duration of 2.8 months. Disease progression was documented in 9 (53%) after 1 or 2 cycles. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 received > or =90% of planned dose intensity. Grade 3 non-hematologic @entity137 included @entity227 (1). There was one episode of @entity1398 , but no grade 3 or 4 biochemical adverse events. Pharmacokinetics was consistent with prior studies. KSP immunoreactivity was seen in 14 of 16 available archival tissue samples (88%). Ispinesib can be safely administered using the dose and schedule employed, with mild hematologic and non-hematologic @entity137 . No objective responses were observed, and further development of single-agent ispinesib in @entity320 is not recommended. Although KSP expression appears to be common in @entity320 , KSP may not be a suitable target for its treatment.

title: A phase II study of ispinesib ( @entity28897 ) in @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent XXXX : a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group trial.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness (1) and blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity28897 :: ('MESH:C508757', 'Chemical') :: ['ispinesib']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Fatigue is common in life-limiting @entity5 . @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), a psychostimulant, may be a useful therapy. Gathering evidence in @entity1 with @entity5 can be challenging. OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity7541 improves @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: N-of-1 trials are multicycle, double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trials using standardized measures of effect in individuals. They are normally used to assess treatment effects in individuals. Aggregated N-of-1 trials from @entity1 with end-stage @entity5 suffering @entity1295 were used to assess the group effect of @entity7541 , producing an estimate of equivalent power to a parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) but requiring less than half of the sample size. Up to three cycles of @entity7541 5  mg twice daily (three days) vs. identical placebo (three days) capsules were offered to @entity1 . Primary outcome was improvement in @entity1295 as measured by the Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy-Fatigue Scale and the @entity5 Fatigue Scale. Analysis used Bayesian statistical methods using intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 completed 84 cycles of @entity7541 and placebo in random order, exceeding sample size estimates. Overall, @entity7541 did not improve @entity1295 (mean difference 3.2; 95% credible interval -2.0, 9.0; posterior probability of favorable effect 0.890). Eight @entity1 showed important improvement, and one @entity1 showed important worsening of @entity1295 on @entity7541 . There were no features that distinguished @entity1 whose @entity1295 responded to @entity7541 compared with those who did not. CONCLUSION: @entity7541 does not improve @entity1295 in the population of @entity1 with end-stage @entity5 . Aggregated N-of-1 trial methodology is feasible and produces population-based sample estimates with less than half the sample size required for the equivalent parallel-group RCT. It also identified individuals who did and did not respond to @entity7541 , which is a feature difficult to achieve in a standard RCT. The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (12609000794202).

title: The Effect of XXXX on Fatigue in @entity5 : An Aggregated N-of-1 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Wu Cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer-related fatigue', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: We have recently described a previously uncharacterized outer membrane protein of @entity2491 and @entity526 and cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene, the ompH gene, of @entity2491 (P. Koski, M. Rhen, J. Kantele, and M. Vaara, J. Biol. Chem. 264:18973-18980, 1989). We report here the cloning, sequencing, and expression of the corresponding gene of @entity2820 . It is significantly homologous to the ompH genes of @entity526 and @entity2491 (homology percentages, 65 and 64%, respectively), has a promoter region strongly homologous to the @entity526 17-bp class consensus promoter, and encodes a protein consisting of 165 @entity1522 (22 of which form the signal sequence). The plasmid-borne @entity2820 ompH was found to be expressed both in the @entity526 host and in minicells. The isolated outer membrane of @entity2820 was shown to contain OmpH. The homology of the @entity2820 OmpH protein is 66% with @entity526 OmpH and 64% with @entity2491 OmpH. All OmpH proteins have almost identical hydrophobic profiles, charge distributions, and predicted secondary structures. Because yersiniae are considered rather distant relatives of @entity526 and @entity2491 in the Enterobacteriaceae family, these results might indicate that most or all strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae have OmpH proteins remarkably homologous to those now sequenced.

title: The ompH gene of XXXX : cloning, sequencing, expression, and comparison with known enterobacterial ompH sequences.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium', 'S. typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y. enterocolitica', 'Yersinia enterocolitica']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: We report three cases of unusual tubal-type endocervical glandular proliferations simulating minimal deviation @entity420 in @entity1 with a history of in utero @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) exposure. The lesions were characterized by haphazard glandular proliferations extending from 3.4 to 6.1 mm into the endocervical stroma and to the margins of excision in all cases. Most of the glands were small to medium-sized and round; some exhibited a moderate degree of @entity384 , and occasional glands had curvilinear profiles. The glandular epithelium displayed extensive tubal-type differentiation in all cases. In two cases, the glands lacked cytologic atypia and mitotic activity, and in one case, there was mild to moderate nuclear atypia with occasional mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical studies showed diffuse expression of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors and essentially no expression of @entity986 in two cases tested; there was no expression of @entity2282 in one case that was tested. The Ki-67 proliferation index was zero in one case and 25% in another. @entity1082 DNA was not detected by in situ hybridization in one case that was tested. The proliferations lacked features of mucinous and tubo-endometrioid types of minimal deviation @entity420 . The clinicopathologic findings suggest the lesions are benign, and the association with in utero @entity4743 exposure raises the possibility that these could be a form of @entity4743 -related @entity3923 .

title: Pseudoinfiltrative tubal metaplasia of the endocervix: a potential form of in utero @entity4742 exposure-related XXXX simulating minimal deviation @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3923 :: (MESH:D005348,Disease) :: ['adenosis']


abstract: Over 1000 research papers have described the production of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by interventions that elevate the cell content of @entity2367 ( @entity24399 ). Other interventions, which lower cellular @entity24399 , have been found to interfere with apoptosis induced by other agents. Some studies have shown that slowing the formation of proliferation-stimulating sphingolipids also induces apoptosis. These relationships are due to the two different aspects of @entity24399 : @entity24399 itself produces apoptosis, but metabolic conversion of @entity24399 into either @entity5595 or glucosphingolipids leads to cell proliferation. The balance between these two aspects is missing in @entity5 cells, and yet intervention by stimulating or blocking only one or two of the pathways in @entity24399 metabolism is very likely to fail. This results from two properties of @entity5 cells: their high mutation rate and the preferential survival of the most malignant cells. @entity5 treated with only one or two drugs that elevate @entity24399 can adjust the uncontrolled processes to either maintain or to 'aggravate' the excessive growth, angiogenesis and @entity3 characteristics of @entity5 . These treatments might simply elevate the production of growth factors, receptors and other substances that reduce the effectiveness of @entity24399 . @entity5 cells that do not adapt in this way undergo apoptosis, leaving the adapted cells free to grow and, ultimately, to 'subdue' their host. Thus it is important to kill every type of @entity5 cell present in the @entity5 rapidly and simultaneously, using as many different agents to control as many pathways as possible. To aid this approach, this article catalogues many of the drugs that act on different aspects of @entity24399 metabolism. The techniques described here may lead to the development of practical chemotherapy for @entity5 and other diseases of excess proliferation.

title: Killing XXXX by @entity2367 -induced apoptosis: a critique of available drugs.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of linezolid vs @entity11248 (i.v., switching to oral/i.m. respectively) in Spain. A decision tree model was used with the results of a randomized, comparative, controlled clinical trial with linezolid vs @entity11248 in the treatment of @entity281 caused by Gram-positive microorganisms, with a timeline of 31 days. The efficacy endpoint was the percentage of @entity1 with clinical healing or improvement in their infection. Direct medical costs were included using Spanish 2005 prices. Average cost per @entity1 , average cost-effectiveness ratio and several sensitivity analyses were carried out. In the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis linezolid obtained a higher percentage of therapeutic success than @entity11248 (95.5% vs 87.6% respectively, p = 0.005), both with similar tolerability. The average cost per treated @entity1 was @entity7634 8,064.76 for linezolid vs @entity7634 8,727.36 for @entity11248 , with an incremental cost of @entity7634 622.59 (-7,6%). Linezolid yielded a lower average cost-effectiveness ratio, @entity7634 8,444.78 (8,195.90 - 8,709.25) than @entity11248 , @entity7634 9,962.74 (9,465.68 - 10,502.23), with a slight reduction in average cost per successfully treated @entity1 of 15.2% ( @entity7634 1,517.96). The results were robust to the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, @entity5136 is a more cost-effective option than @entity11248 in the treatment of @entity281 caused by Gram-positive microorganisms, since it offers superior clinical benefits with a lower use of associated resources.

title: Economic evaluation of linezolid versus @entity11248 for the treatment of XXXX caused by gram-positive microorganisms in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assess the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in @entity1 with @entity438 with a retrospective analysis of our experience and a review of the literature. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2011, 53 @entity1 with @entity2334 underwent TEVAR. We evaluated the technical success, periprocedural and long-term mortality and morbidity, and follow-up by enhanced computed tomographic scans at 1, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. RESULTS: TEVAR was performed in good general conditions in 62.3% of cases and in emergency conditions in 37.7% of cases. A total of 85 endoprostheses were correctly placed, with technical success of 100%. In 18.8% of cases, a carotid-subclavian bypass was performed; 35.8% of cases required drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Postoperative mortality was 7.5%, and in all cases @entity1 were treated in emergency regimen. The incidence of @entity260 was 9.4%, with 2 cases of @entity451 . At a mean follow-up of 25.6 months, 12 cases (22.6%) of endoleak were observed: 5 cases of @entity1070 were treated with prosthetic extensions; 7 cases of @entity1070 were not treated. There were no @entity715 , stent migrations, or @entity174 . CONCLUSION: TEVAR represents an effective option in the treatment of @entity2334 , with good immediate and long-term results.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type IB endoleak', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm', 'thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusions']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several specialties and textbooks continue to advocate that local anesthesia using @entity1425 should not be used during surgery involving the digits. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the association between local anesthesia (buffered 0.5% @entity3303 and 1:200,000 @entity1425 ) injected into digits, comorbid @entity1 conditions, and @entity260 including @entity63 or @entity39 . METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 presenting for Mohs micrographic surgery in a private practice ambulatory surgery center was performed between October 2002 and January 2009. @entity1 factors including amount of anesthesia injected; preoperative vitals; history of @entity101 , @entity64 , or @entity1457 ; and presence of anticoagulation were assessed. RESULTS: Three Mohs surgeons' @entity1 were included in the study. No digital blocks were performed; local anesthesia was infiltrated directly into the @entity5 site. @entity1 received buffered 0.5% @entity3303 plus @entity1425 1:200,000. Of 63 @entity1 presenting for surgery (59 fingers and 4 toes), there were no cases of digital @entity63 or @entity39 . Approximately one-third had a @entity1457 or @entity6 , and more than half had a diagnosis of @entity101 or were taking anticoagulation. The average amount of anesthesia injected was 6.92 mL, with the greatest amount being 25 mL. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective review with possible overestimation of adverse effects as a result of referral bias of complicated @entity1 to an ambulatory surgery center for treatment. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that buffered 0.5% @entity3303 with @entity1425 1:200,000 causes @entity63 or @entity39 when injected into digits. This is true despite a history of @entity1457 , @entity715 , @entity6 , smoking, anticoagulation, or significant preoperative @entity101 .

title: Local anesthesia using buffered 0.5% XXXX with 1:200,000 @entity1425 for @entity5 of the digits treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory disorders', 'circulatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The @entity599 regulatory system of @entity1980 is composed of a group of highly regulated structural genes (e.g., the gene encoding arylsulfatase) that are under coordinate control of scon+ ( @entity599 controller) negative and cys-3+ positive regulatory genes. In scon-1 (previously designated sconC) and scon-2 mutants, there is constitutive expression of @entity599 structural genes regardless of the @entity599 level available to the cells. The scon-2+ gene was cloned by sib selection screening of a cosmid-based gene library. The screening was based on the use of @entity16774 , a toxic @entity597 analog, which is transported into scon-2 cells grown on high @entity599 but is not transported into cells that have regained normal @entity599 regulation. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to confirm that the cloned segment mapped to the proper chromosomal location. In wild-type cells, Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that a 2.6-kilobase scon-2+ transcript was present at a substantial level only under @entity599 -derepressing conditions. Kinetic analysis showed that scon-2+ mRNA content increased as the cells became @entity599 starved. Further, scon-2+ RNA was detectable in a nuclear transcription assay only under derepressing conditions. In scon-1, the levels of scon-2+ mRNA were found to be constitutive. In the cys-3 regulatory mutant, there was a reduced level of scon-2+ transcript. cys-3+ and ars-1+ mRNAs were present under both derepressing and repressing conditions in the scon-2 mutant. Repeat-induced point mutation-generated scon-2 mutants were identical in phenotype to the known mutant.

title: Molecular cloning and analysis of the scon-2 negative regulatory gene of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity16774 :: ('CHEBI:35404', 'Chemical') :: ['chromate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the association between the mean salivary gland and oral cavity dose, with @entity1 -rated moderate and severe @entity2133 and sticky saliva. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven @entity1 treated with bilateral irradiation for @entity135 were included. The parotid and submandibular glands and the oral cavity were delineated on plannings-CT scans. At baseline and 6 and 12 months self-reported @entity2133 and sticky saliva were assessed using the EORTC QLQ-H_N35 questionnaire. RESULTS: At 6 months a significant association between the mean parotid ( @entity601 (par)) and mean submandibular dose ( @entity601 (subm)) and @entity2133 was observed (OR - @entity601 (par): 1.17; P=0.002 and OR - @entity601 (subm): 1.08; P = 0.02). Between @entity601 (par) and @entity601 (subm), a significant interaction term was present. No significant association was found with the oral cavity dose. @entity2133 was reversible depending on @entity601 (par) and @entity601 (subm). Considering Sticky saliva, a significant association was found at 6 and 12 months with @entity601 (subm) (OR: 1.03; P < 0.001). The @entity2451 for sticky saliva increased with elapsing time. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity601 (par) and @entity601 (subm) influence the risk of @entity2133 in irradiated @entity1 at 6 months. This probability as a function of the mean parotid dose significantly depended on the mean dose in the submandibular glands. Sticky saliva mainly depends on @entity601 (subm).

title: Does radiation dose to the salivary glands and oral cavity predict @entity1 -rated @entity2133 and sticky saliva in @entity135 XXXX treated with curative radiotherapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cost of treating @entity1 with @entity43 (EOC) undergoing @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) - Medicare database (1992 to 2009) was used to evaluate the 7-month cost of care following @entity1104 and NACT for advanced EOC. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate differences between @entity1 treated by @entity1104 and NACT on cost and survival. RESULTS: Of the 4506 @entity1 eligible for analysis, 82.4% underwent @entity1104 and 17.6% received NACT. Eighty-five percent with stage IIIC and 78.5% with stage IV EOC underwent @entity1104 (p<0.0001). No significant difference in the median cost of care between @entity1104 and NACT existed in @entity1 with stage IIIC EOC ( 59,801 vs.  59,905). There was a 12% increase in adjusted cost of care for stage IV @entity1 ( 63,131 vs.  55,302) who received @entity1104 (p<0.0001). Increasing Charlson score was associated with an increase in 7-month cost of care in both stages. NACT was associated with a decreased 5-year overall survival in @entity1 with stage IIIC EOC (HR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.47) and stage IV EOC (HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.37) compared to @entity1104 . CONCLUSION: NACT and @entity1104 are comparable in cost for @entity1 with stage IIIC EOC, and @entity1104 is minimally more expensive for @entity1 with stage IV EOC. @entity1104 was associated with an increase 5-year overall survival. Future investigations should include cost-effectiveness analyses where additional measures such as quality adjusted life years and propensity scored survival are included.

title: Costs of treatment for elderly @entity1 with advanced XXXX in a Medicare population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'primary debulking surgery']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endocrine dysfunction is not uncommon complication in @entity1 with transfusion-dependent @entity2395 and is thought to occur as a consequence of excessive @entity1284 . The primary objective of this study is to determine the frequency of @entity1887 in @entity1 with @entity2395 major and @entity2395 intermediate. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Southern Iran, in 2013. One hundred and ninety @entity1 were divided into two groups; @entity2395 major(TM) and @entity2395 intermediate (TI) groups. We measured 8 AM serum cortisol, ACTH and ferritin concentrations in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the TM and TI group were 22.5  5.7 and 23.8  6 years, respectively. 90 @entity1 (47.4%) were splenectomized, 34 (36.2%) with TM and 56 (58.2%) with TI (p :<0.001). The median and interquartile range of serum ferritin levels were 2184  3700 ng/ml and 437  443ng/ml in TM and TI respectively (p< 0.001). Three @entity1 with TM (1.6%) had low basal cortisol and ACTH levels. However, their cortisol response to ACTH stimulation was normal. CONCLUSIONS: Low basal concentrations of cortisol and ACTH occurred in 1.6% of our adolescents young adult @entity1 with TM suggesting a central defect in cortisol secretion at the basal state. However, cortisol response to standard - dose ACTH was normal in all @entity1 with TM and TI.

title: The Frequency of @entity1887 in Adolescents and Young Adults with @entity2395 Major versus XXXX Intermedia in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['iron overload']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['Thalassemia']


abstract: Despite the availability of effective anti- @entity12539 vaccine, @entity12539 keeps affecting @entity1 in developing countries such as C  te d'Ivoire. The low compliance with Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) partially explains this situation. This study was aiming at studying the reasons to abandon PEP. This descriptive and cross-sectional study has taken place at the anti- @entity12539 Center of Abidjan from October 1st to December 2009. Data were collected in two steps: we first interviewed all the @entity1 at the anti- @entity12539 center during their first consultation, and then phone interviews were conducted one month later, only with exposed @entity1 who abandoned their PEP. These phone calls allowed us to complete the questionnaire (the status of the animal and PEP discontinuation). @entity1 ' verbal informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Besides, @entity1 were explained the risks they were exposed to and were advised to complete immunization. The results obtained revealed that, out of 220 @entity1 included in the study, 116 (52.7%) abandoned the PEP. The compliance was lower with the protocol of five injections compared to that of four injections. More than half of the @entity1 abandoned PEP after the first injection. In 32.8% of @entity1 who abandoned PEP, the animal was dead, disappeared, was destroyed or there were no information about it one month after bite or scratch. Animal owners' refusal of taking in charge the victims (20%) and the lack of financial resources for purchasing the vaccine (13.6%) were the most frequent reasons to abandon PEP. To increase the protection of the @entity1 population against @entity12539 and to increase the compliance with PEP protocols, the improvement of financial accessibility to the vaccine for population and the elaboration of compulsory regulations for animal owners to take in charge the PEP are necessary.

title: [Discontinuation of postexposure prophylaxis at the anti- XXXX Center of Abidjan, C  te d'Ivoire].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'people']

answer: @entity12539 :: (MESH:D011818,Disease) :: ['rabies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical resection of @entity5 can result in altered speech, swallowing, and quality of life (QOL). To date, the oral outcome variables of tongue strength, tongue and jaw range of motion, and saliva production have not been extensively assessed. This pilot study was done to assess tongue strength along with other oral outcomes and their relationship to performance status for speech, swallowing, and QOL after partial glossectomy. Our aim was to create a norm for what should be considered a normal tongue strength value in this population. We hypothesized that @entity1 with tongue strength of 30 kPa or greater would perform better on the performance status scale and various QOL measures than do @entity1 with tongue strength of less than 30 kPa. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional design in this study. The postoperative assessment included 1) Performance Status Scale and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale; 2) oral outcome variables of tongue strength, jaw range of motion. and saliva production; and 3) @entity1 -rated QOL ratings via Eating Assessment Tool, M. D. Anderson @entity1282 Inventory, EORTC-H_N35, and Speech Handicap Index. RESULTS: @entity1 with tongue strength of at least 30 kPa performed better on the performance status scales and various QOL measures. The cutoff score of 30 kPa for tongue strength measures revealed a trend in predicting performance on the scales and QOL measures. CONCLUSIONS: The oral outcome variables correlated with performance status for speech, swallowing, and QOL. We propose a norm for tongue strength in this population, based on the trend seen in this group of @entity1 , as none previously existed. Future studies are under way that incorporate a larger sample size to further validate this norm. Future studies will also examine oral functional outcome measures in a larger population by inclu'ding other oral and oropharyngeal sites to help predict speech and swallow performance status and QOL.

title: Tongue strength as a predictor of functional outcomes and quality of life after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tongue cancer']


abstract: @entity170 is one of the deleterious side effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Since the condition is particularly aggressive in postmenopausal @entity1 who are on @entity134 therapy, in this study we have attempted to analyse the combined effect of glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ) treatment and cessation of @entity2931 on @entity35 bone. The dual aim was to generate osteoporotic bone status in a short time scale and to characterise the combination of glucocorticoid-postmenopausal osteoporotic conditions. @entity35 (N = 42) were grouped randomly into three groups: untreated control, sham-operated and ovariectomized- @entity134 (OVX- @entity134 ) @entity35 . Control animals were euthanized with no treatment [Month 0 (M0)], while sham and OVX- @entity134 @entity35 were monitored up to 1 month (M1) and 3 months (M3) post laparotomy/post OVX- @entity134 treatment. Histology, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and biomechanical and mRNA expression analysis of collagenous, non-collagenous matrix proteins and osteoclast markers were examined. The study indicated enhanced osteoclastogenesis and significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) in the OVX- @entity134 @entity35 with Z-scores below -2.5, reduced torsional strength, reduced bone volume (BV/TV%), significantly enhanced trabecular separation (Tb.S), and less trabecular number (Tb.N) compared with sham @entity35 . Osteoclast markers, @entity34339 and @entity6929 were upregulated along with @entity25256 and biglycan with no significant expression variation in fibronectin, @entity11016 , @entity6036 , Car II and TNC. These results show @entity79 with enhanced bone resorption accompanied with reduced torsional strength in OVX- @entity134 @entity35 ; and these changes were attained within a short timeframe. This could be a useful model which mimics @entity1 @entity170 that is associated with @entity134 therapy and could prove of value both in disease diagnosis and for testing generating and testing biological agents which could be used in treatment.

title: Implications of combined ovariectomy and glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ) treatment on mineral, microarchitectural, biomechanical and matrix properties of XXXX bone.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['higher bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to clarify the morphological features of early @entity1 @entity731 and to determine whether specific extracellular matrix proteoglycans play a role in early atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Step and serial sections were obtained from right coronary arteries with no or early @entity731 . @entity731 was classified into 4 grades according to the amount of lipid deposition. Coronary arteries with Grade 0 showed diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) with no lipid deposits. The extracellular matrix proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, were localized in the outer layer of DIT. Most cases of Grade 1 and Grade 2 exhibited @entity1856 with extracellular lipids colocalizing with biglycan and decorin in the outer layer of the intima. As lipid grades increased, macrophages increased in number and were present in the deeper layers. Most cases of Grade 3 exhibited @entity4122 ( @entity4122 ) with extracellular lipids underneath a layer of foam cell macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: In early @entity1 @entity453 , @entity1856 develop via extracellular deposition of lipids associated with specific types of proteoglycans in the outer layer of preexisting DIT. As the amount of the lipid increases in @entity1856 , macrophages infiltrate toward the deposited lipid to form @entity4122 with foam cells.

title: Early XXXX @entity731 : accumulation of lipid and proteoglycans in intimal thickenings followed by macrophage infiltration.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['PIT', 'pathologic intimal thickening']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']