abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with severe @entity120 ( @entity120 ), right ventricular function is a main determinant of clinical stability and outcome. @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) may compromise cardiac function and threaten prognosis in @entity1 with @entity120 , but the incidence and clinical relevance of @entity4710 in @entity120 and chronic @entity67 have not been evaluated. METHODS: In a 6-year retrospective single-center analysis, 231 consecutive @entity1 followed for @entity120 , or inoperable chronic @entity1031 @entity120 were studied for @entity4710 . Analysis included incidence, clinical consequences, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-one episodes of SVT were observed in 27 of 231 @entity1 (cumulative incidence 11.7%, annual risk 2.8% per @entity1 ), including @entity956 (n = 15), @entity955 (n = 13), and AV nodal reentry @entity591 (n = 3). Supraventricular @entity591 onset was almost invariably associated with marked @entity922 and @entity67 (84% of SVT episodes). Outcome was strongly associated with the type of SVT and restoration of sinus rhythm. During follow-up, cumulative mortality was low (6.3%, follow-up 26 +/- 23 months) when sinus rhythm was restored (all cases of AV nodal reentry @entity591 and @entity956 ). In contrast, 9 of 11 @entity1 with sustained @entity955 died from @entity67 (cumulative mortality 82%, follow-up 11 +/- 8 months). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity120 , @entity4710 constitute a relevant problem, often resulting in @entity922 . Sustained @entity955 may be associated with a high risk of @entity204 from @entity67 .

title: Incidence and clinical relevance of @entity4710 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'SVTs']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical deterioration']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods for repairing deep wound on the head due to @entity38544 ( @entity38544 ). METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with deep wounds on the head due to @entity38544 were hospitalized from June 2002 to May 2012. They were all injured by high-voltage (voltage ranged from 380 V to 300 kV) electric current, involving head and several other parts over the body. The total burn area ranged from 1% to 75% TBSA, and the depth ranged from deep partial-thickness to full-thickness (including muscle or even bone). Scalp defect area ranged from 3 cm 2 cm to 20 cm 18 cm, and the maximum size of skull exposure was 12 cm 9 cm and the maximum size of skull defect was 7 cm 6 cm. The wounds of 26 @entity1 were repaired with 7 local advance flaps, 4 bilateral rotation flaps, 18 @entity717 combined with thin split-thickness skin grafts in donor site, and 3 free anterolateral thigh flaps with vascular @entity254 . In four of the 26 @entity1 , expander was used in the early stage after burn and 5 after wound healing (with thin split-thickness grafts). RESULTS: All flaps and skin grafts survived, except for one flap which was complicated by wound infection, and it was healed after dressing and secondary suturing. The implanted expander expanded smoothly. @entity1 were followed up for 15 days to three years after surgery. Satisfactory results were obtained, and wounds of 15 @entity1 were repaired completely. CONCLUSIONS: Deep wound on the head due to @entity38544 should be repaired with suitable flap combined with skin graft in donor site, and implantation of expander according to the injury area and condition of @entity1 .

title: [Repair of deep wound on the head due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity38544 :: ('MESH:D002058', 'Disease') :: ['high-voltage electrical burn', 'HEB']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['local rotation flaps']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity38544 :: (MESH:D002058,Disease) :: ['high-voltage electrical burn']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among @entity1 with @entity3328 having @entity3140 , @entity717 and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. STUDY DESIGN: Total sample comprised of 344 @entity3328 @entity1 ( @entity3140 : 33.4%; @entity717 : 33.7%; both @entity3140 : 32.9%) in the age group of 12-15 years. Clinical examination included recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean OHI-S (2.52    1.05) score was found to be highest among @entity1 who had both @entity3140 (p<0.05). The highest and lowest mean number of healthy sextants were found among those with only @entity717 (4.53    2.05) and among those with both @entity3140 (0.77    1.39), respectively (p<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictor for oral hygiene and periodontal status was limb involved in the disability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study depicted an overall poor oral hygiene and periodontal status of the group. It was recognized that limbs involved in the disability had an impact on the oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The situation in this specialized population draws immediate attention for an integrated approach in improving the oral health and focus towards extensive research.

title: Comparative assessment of oral hygiene and periodontal status among @entity1 who have XXXX at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb disability']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb disability', 'upper and lower limb disability']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['Poliomyelitis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['Poliomyelitis']


abstract: 1. Standard laboratory values of blood samples taken from @entity40525 in Antarctica were determined. 2. Numerous blood parameters are similar to those observed in @entity1 . 3. Comparatively high @entity165 levels but normal @entity412 levels were observed when compared with @entity1 . 4. In comparison to laboratory findings in @entity1 , T4 levels were decreased although T3 levels were normal. 5. The levels of alkaline phosphatase are considerably higher than those in @entity1 . 6. The data obtained indicate different lipid and thyroid hormone metabolism in @entity40525 when compared with @entity1 .

title: Basic biochemical data on blood from antarctic XXXX ( @entity40525 ): ions, lipids, enzymes, serum proteins and thyroid hormones.

entities_list: @entity40525 :: ('9713', 'Species') :: ['Weddell seals']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity40525 :: (9713,Species) :: ['Weddell seals']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity302 (recurrent unprovoked @entity410 ) in the population of rural Iceland. METHODS: Review of records of primary-care facilities for the population of rural Iceland supplemented by review of referrals to electroencephalographic facilities and neurologic specialists to identify all individuals with unprovoked @entity410 or receiving treatment for @entity302 in the calendar year 1993. RESULTS: Crude prevalence was 4.8 per 1,000 and was 4.8/1,000 after age adjustment to the 1970 United States population. Age-adjusted prevalence was higher in male (5.1) than in female subjects (4.4) and increased with advancing age. Sixty-two percent of prevalence cases were of unknown cause. Sixty-three percent of cases had major motor @entity410 without aura or generalized epileptiform pattern on EEG. Sixty-four percent of @entity1 had had @entity410 in the year of observation. @entity410 control was inversely correlated with number of medications. Ten percent of the prevalence group was taking no medication, although the frequency of @entity410 was high in this medication-free group. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of @entity302 in rural Iceland is consistent with that reported in recent studies in other developed countries. The data provide insights into the approaches of treatment and use of specialized diagnostic testing in the country. The prevalence is similar to that in other European countries but lower than that reported from rural areas in Latin America.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in rural Iceland: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is commonly used as a primary management option for treatment of stage IB/IIA @entity189 . Overall cure rates approach 85%. However, a spectrum of relapse risk exists, depending on the presence or absence of @entity5 and nodal-related prognostic factors. Known factors include number and location of lymph nodes; size of primary, deep invasion in the cervix; capillary lymphatic space involvement; occult parametrial involvement; and positive or close surgical margins. Biologic determinants have yet to be identified. No systematic analysis has examined various combinations of prognostic factors to precisely define associated levels of risk and to predict the sites of relapse. Decreased local control and survival rates in some high-risk subgroups, usually those with nodal positivity, has led to the exploration of adjuvant therapies. Compiled data from retrospective series have defined the overall patterns of failure. Seventy-two percent of those relapsing have a component of pelvic failure, while 42% experience relapse in the pelvis alone. Fifty-eight percent have a component of distant failure but only 28% have distant disease alone. Adjuvant treatment options include pelvic radiotherapy, extended-field radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Trials of adjuvant chemotherapy are too few to evaluate the use of available agents. Pelvic radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the relapse risk when surgical margins are close or positive. It also reduces the risk of pelvic relapse and improves the relapse-free interval but has no apparent impact on overall survival in the groups that have been selected for treatment. The apparent lack of benefit may relate to the choice of @entity1 with nodal involvement who, despite high risk of pelvic failure, most likely have a predominant pattern of distant failure. Maximization of the survival benefit of pelvic radiotherapy requires the identification and treatment of the subgroup with a predominant pattern of pelvic failure, such as that examined in Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 92. These may be @entity1 with @entity5 -related, high-risk factors but negative nodes. Extended-field irradiation for microscopically involved para-aortic nodes provides a cure in 25%-40% of the @entity1 . Further studies of prognostic factors and their relationship to sites of failure after surgery are necessary to define the benefits of currently available adjuvant therapies with respect to local control, survival, and quality of life, and also to direct future studies. New, effective systemic agents are required for those at high risk of developing distant disease.

title: Adjuvant therapy after primary surgery for stage I-IIA XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhalation of the enzyme dornase alfa reduces sputum viscosity and improves clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1577 . This is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of timing of dornase alfa inhalation on measures of clinical efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1577 (in relation to airway clearance techniques or time of day). SEARCH METHODS: Relevant randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials were identified from the Cochrane @entity1577 Trials Register, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and international @entity1577 conference proceedings.Date of the most recent search: 25 April 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA: Any trial of dornase alfa in @entity1 with @entity1577 where timing of inhalation was the randomised element in the study with either: inhalation before compared to after airway clearance techniques; or morning compared to evening inhalation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both authors independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted data with disagreements resolved by discussion. Relevant data were extracted and, where possible, meta-analysed. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 115 trial reports representing 55 studies, of which five studies (providing data on 122 @entity1 ) met our inclusion criteria. All five studies used a cross-over design. Intervention periods ranged from two to eight weeks. Four trials compared dornase alfa inhalation before versus after airway clearance techniques. Inhalation after instead of before airway clearance did not significantly change forced expiratory volume at one second. Similarly, forced vital capacity and quality of life were not significantly affected; forced expiratory flow at 25% was significantly worse with dornase alfa inhalation after airway clearance, mean difference -0.17 litres (95% confidence interval -0.28 to -0.05), based on the pooled data from two small studies in @entity1 (seven to 19 years) with well-preserved lung function. All other secondary outcomes were statistically non-significant.In one trial, morning versus evening inhalation had no impact on lung function or symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence derived from a small number of @entity1 does not indicate that inhalation of dornase alfa after airway clearance techniques is more or less effective than the traditional recommendation to inhale nebulised dornase alfa 30 minutes prior to airway clearance techniques, for most outcomes. For @entity1 with well-preserved lung function, inhalation before airway clearance may be more beneficial for small airway function than inhalation after. However, this result relied on a measure with high variability and studies with variable follow up. In the absence of strong evidence to indicate that one timing regimen is better than another, the timing of dornase alpha inhalation can be largely based on pragmatic reasons or individual preference with respect to the time of airway clearance and time of day.  Further research is warranted.

title: Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is commonly associated with @entity455 . Although @entity731 (for example, defined as a @entity583 ( @entity583 ), complex aortic plaque and @entity3657 ) has been proposed as a risk factor for a @entity64 , the co-existence of the two diseases increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the impact of @entity731 on the primary end-point of a @entity64 , @entity1031 or mortality, in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: Literature searches were performed electronically, to identify studies published between January 1990and July 2012 examining @entity64 and @entity1031 in relation to @entity955 and @entity731 . Nineteen articles satisfied the pre-inclusion criteria. The bibliographies were subsequently screened to retrieve further relevant studies for this review. RESULTS: Peripheral arterial disease significantly increased the @entity64 risk in all 10 observational studies, within a reported risk range of 1.3- to 2.5-fold. Complex aortic plaque on the descending aorta, as identified by trans-oesophageal echocardiography, was also a significant risk factor. Although a prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was validated as a significant predictor of the primary end-point amongst five of the six studies, there was a degree of heterogeneity, owing to the marked difference in population sizes and the use of antithrombotic regimens between studies. CONCLUSION: @entity731 (e.g. peripheral @entity2333 and prior @entity583 ) are significant predictors of a @entity64 , @entity1031 and mortality in subjects with @entity955 .

title: The impact of @entity731 in predicting a @entity64 , @entity1031 and mortality in XXXX @entity1 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease, complex aortic plaque']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic vascular disease', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Two female @entity1 are described with survival over 13 years after operation for @entity463 multiforme. The first @entity1 was 42-year-old at the time of partial removal of the @entity5 situated in deep parts of the temporal lobe. After the operation she was not given any radiotherapy. CT done 13 years after the operation failed to show @entity5 presence. The @entity1 is leading a self-dependent life (80 points in Karnofski scale). The other female @entity1 was 28-year-old at the time of nearly complete removal (macroscopic) of right @entity5 . She received @entity1953 radiotherapy. @entity26198 years after the operation showed no @entity5 . The present state of the @entity1 was evaluated at 90 points Karnofsky scale. In no case cytostatics were given. These cases demonstrate an exceptionally long survival after operation for @entity11 . The cause of this long survival is not known.

title: [Many-year survival after surgical treatment of XXXX multiforme. Report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Glomerular hyperfiltration may be a risk factor for late @entity8 . It has been shown that considerable protein restriction can lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To elucidate the effect of moderate protein limitation in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics with normoalbuminuria, eight such @entity1 were selected for the study (age 38 +/- 7 years SD, @entity6 duration 21 +/- 9 years). The @entity1 were randomized to follow, alternately, four weeks of their usual protein intake (19% of energy) and four weeks of a limited protein intake (12% of energy). Kidney function was investigated after the two dietary periods. GFR and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were measured using a constant infusion technique (125I-iothalamate/131I-hippuran), and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) by radioimmunoassay. It was found that the limited protein diet reduced GFR from 146 +/- 23 to 132 +/- 24 ml/min/1.73 m2 (2P less than 0.005). A tendency towards a fall in @entity8 was seen (549 +/- 128 vs. 503 +/- 125 ml/min; 2P = 0.06), while total renal resistance rose from 0.17 +/- 0.03 to 0.20 +/- 0.05 mm Hg/ml/min (2P = 0.05). No significant changes in filtration fraction, UAE and blood pressure were seen. HbA1c, @entity9208 , insulin dose and body weight were unchanged during the two diets; also serum protein, albumin, @entity1391 and @entity460 remained unaltered. Serum urea was significantly reduced on the limited protein intake. @entity1 were generally pleased with the limited protein diet. Thus, limitation of the often high protein intake in diabetics might be valuable and realistic. The long-term renal protective effect remains to be investigated.

title: Renal effects from limitation of high dietary protein in normoalbuminuric XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal plasma flow', 'RPF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Cell-fate control gene therapy (CFCGT)-based strategies can augment existing gene therapy and cell transplantation approaches by providing a safety element in the event of deleterious outcomes. Previously, we described a novel enzyme/prodrug combination for CFCGT. Here, we present results employing novel lentiviral constructs harboring sequences for truncated surface molecules ( @entity1075 or @entity7169 ) directly fused to that CFCGT cDNA (Tmpk @entity39952 ). This confers an enforced one-to-one correlation between cell marking and eradication functions. In-vitro analysis demonstrated the full functionality of the fusion product. Next, low-dose @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ) administration to non-obese @entity6 /severe combined @entity465 ( @entity9719 / @entity915 ) @entity19 injected with transduced clonal K562 cells suppressed @entity5 growth; furthermore, one integrated vector on average was sufficient to mediate @entity137 . Further, in a @entity19 @entity706 model we also demonstrated in-vivo control over transduced Raji cells. Finally, in a proof-of-principle study to examine the utility of this cassette in combination with a therapeutic cDNA, we integrated this novel CFCGT fusion construct into a lentivector designed for treatment of @entity2314 . Transduction with this vector restored enzyme activity in Fabry cells and retained @entity5647 sensitivity. In addition, @entity1 Fabry @entity1 @entity2280 (+) cells showed high transduction efficiencies and retained normal colony-generating capacity when compared with the non-transduced controls. These collective results demonstrated that this novel and broadly applicable fusion system may enhance general safety in gene- and cell-based therapies.

title: Engineered XXXX Tmpk fused with truncated cell-surface markers: versatile cell-fate control safety cassettes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7169 :: ('4804', 'Gene') :: ['low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ["3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine"]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['xenogeneic leukemia-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) is the most potent antioxidant @entity3978 in green tea. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity3090 plays a role in the expression of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), protein kinase C (PKC) a/bII, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) in glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) against high- @entity413 injury. Treatment with high @entity413 (30 mM) increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS)/lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) in GECs. Pretreatment with 100   M @entity3090 attenuated the increase in ROS/LPO and restored the levels of @entity2197 , whereas ROS, LPO, and @entity2197 levels were not affected by treatment with 30 mM @entity2656 as an osmotic control. Interestingly, high- @entity413 treatment affected 3 separate signal transduction pathways in GECs. It increased the expression of @entity2533 , @entity10185 /bII, and NF-kB in GECs, respectively. @entity3090 (1, 10, 100   M) pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of @entity2533 induced by high @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, @entity3090 (100   M) inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity10185 /bII caused by @entity413 at 30 mM. Moreover, @entity3090 (1, 10, 100   M) pretreatment significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of NF-kB induced by high @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that @entity3090 could be a useful factor in modulating the injury to GECs caused by high @entity413 .

title: Effects of @entity3089 on the Expression of @entity2533 , @entity10185 /bII, and NF-kB in High- XXXX -Stimulated Glomerular Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and @entity137 of a non-platin-containing regimen with @entity1311 and @entity416 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with recurrent or @entity957 were included in the study. The treatment consisted of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) once every third week and @entity416 825 mg/m(2) per oral (p.o.) twice daily ( @entity5353 ) for 2 weeks. RESULTS: The overall response rate according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was 42%. Two @entity1 had a complete response (CR), 19 @entity1 had a partial response (PR), 14 @entity1 had no change (NC), 12 @entity1 had @entity74 ( @entity74 ), and 3 @entity1 were not evaluable (NE). The median survival time was 8 months. @entity137 was very moderate. Only 10% of 315 delivered treatments had to be given in reduced dose or postponed for a week or more. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity137 was low and manageable. The overall response rate was comparable to the commonly used @entity900 / @entity1487 regimen.

title: Phase II analysis of XXXX and @entity416 in the treatment of recurrent or @entity957 of the head and neck region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1375 affects 5-15% of the general population, and is associated with increased morbidity from @entity65 . We recently reported a significant increase in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a parameter of arterial stiffening and an independent predictor for the presence of @entity65 , in @entity1375 . The current study was performed to assess which arterial segment is responsible for enhanced baPWV in @entity1375 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Central @entity122 ( @entity122 in heart-femoral segments), peripheral @entity122 ( @entity122 in femoral-ankle segments), and baPWV were measured in @entity1375 @entity1 and normal subjects. RESULTS: Central @entity122 , baPWV, and peripheral @entity122 were significantly higher in @entity1375 @entity1 than in normal subjects. BaPWV was significantly and positively correlated with central and peripheral @entity122 in both groups. However, a significant and positive correlation between central and peripheral @entity122 in normal subjects was not found in @entity1375 @entity1 . Moreover, stepwise regression analysis showed that the association of central @entity122 with baPWV was stronger than that of peripheral @entity122 , whereas in normal subjects central @entity122 was not associated with baPWV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that central and peripheral @entity122 are significantly higher in @entity1375 @entity1 , and that the increase in baPWV depends more strongly on central @entity122 than on peripheral @entity122 in these @entity1 . This suggests that increased elastic arterial stiffening of the aorta, rather than of peripheral muscular arteries, might be more responsible for increased general arterial stiffening in @entity1375 @entity1 .

title: Central pulse wave velocity is responsible for increased brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'subclinical hypothyroid', 'Subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']


abstract: The @entity6741 excretory pump ( @entity9746 , @entity9746 ) is critical for @entity855 -dependent transport of @entity3645 across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and for generation of @entity6741 -dependent bile secretion. Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of this transporter is sensitive to the flux of @entity3645 through the hepatocyte, possibly at the level of transcription of the @entity9746 gene. To determine the mechanisms underlying the regulation of @entity9746 by @entity3645 , the promoter of the @entity9746 gene was cloned. The sequence of the promoter contained an inverted repeat (IR)-1 element (5'-GGGACA T TGATCCT-3') at base pairs -63/-50 consisting of two nuclear receptor half-sites organized as an inverted repeat and separated by a single @entity377 . This @entity24304 element has been shown in several recent studies to serve as a binding site for the @entity4961 ( @entity4961 ), a nuclear receptor for @entity3645 . @entity4961 activity requires heterodimerization with @entity13351 , and when bound by @entity3645 , the complex effectively regulates the transcription of several genes involved in @entity6741 homeostasis. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated specific binding of @entity4961 / @entity13351 heterodimers to the @entity24304 element in the @entity9746 promoter. In HepG2 cells, co-transfection of @entity4961 and @entity13351 is required to attain full transactivation of the @entity9746 promoter by @entity3645 . Two @entity4961 transactivation-deficient mutants (an AF-2 deletion and a W469A point mutant) failed to transactivate, indicating that the effect of @entity3645 is @entity4961 -dependent. Further, mutational analysis confirms that the @entity4961 / @entity13351 heterodimer activates transcription through the @entity24304 site in the @entity1 @entity9746 promoter. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which @entity3645 transcriptionally regulate the activity of the @entity6741 excretory pump, a critical component involved in the enterohepatic circulation of @entity3645 .

title: @entity1 @entity6741 export pump promoter is transactivated by the @entity4961 / XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4961 :: ('9971', 'Gene') :: ['farnesoid X receptor', 'FXR']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: We investigated the effect of donor pretreatment with @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), in @entity95 livers cold-stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution for 48 hr. Three groups of livers were investigated: livers flushed with Perfadex and immediately thereafter reperfused on an isolated circuit (controls), and livers cold stored in UW solution for 48 hr, with or without donor pretreatment with @entity5579 , 3 mg/kg. After preservation, reperfusion was performed in vitro, using an isolated circuit (IPL). The reperfusion medium consisted of an oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit @entity3157 solution supplemented with 5 mM @entity413 , 50 mg/L of @entity3639 and @entity3397 , and 3.5% Dextran 60 for oncotic support. Livers that were not pretreated with @entity5579 produced 5.3 +/- 1.2 ml bile/100 g (mean +/- SD) during 2 hr of IPL reperfusion. @entity5579 donor pretreatment significantly improved the bile flow to 17.1 +/- 6.9 ml (P less than 0.01, Wilcoxon). This figure was not different from that in control livers without a storage period (18.3 +/- 3.8 ml). Alanine @entity492 aminotransferase (ASAT) released into the perfusate was measured, and levels were increasing during 2 hr of reperfusion. ASAT values were moderately increased in the preserved groups compared with controls (P less than 0.01), with no discernible differences between livers with and without @entity5579 pretreatment. It is concluded that @entity5579 pretreatment of the donor improves preservation quality, as evidenced by improved bile formation. The present results suggest that 48 hr cold storage in UW solution may be safe for clinical preservation, if donors are pretreated with @entity2644 .

title: Improvement of liver preservation quality with UW solution by XXXX pretreatment of the donor in an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: Astrocyte-enriched populations were established from @entity1 embryonic brain analyzed for their ability to synthesize cytokines potentially relevant for mechanisms of @entity32 and immunity in the brain. Unstimulated astrocytes did not secrete significant @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), or @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), as determined by specific ELISA and/or bioassay. With the exception of @entity6824 mRNA, transcripts for the above factors were not detected in unstimulated astrocytes. On exposure of @entity1 astrocytes to @entity1356 , high levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity6824 , @entity1261 , and @entity2841 mRNAs were detected; moreover, active secretion of all the above cytokines was demonstrated. @entity310 was also able to stimulate @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity6824 , @entity2841 , and @entity1261 synthesis and secretion, but was generally less potent than @entity1356 . No @entity2772 mRNA or protein was detected in unstimulated or cytokine-treated astrocytes. @entity1192 and @entity1356 mRNAs and proteins were not detected in unstimulated astrocytes, but were present in very small amounts after stimulation with @entity310 / @entity1356 . No @entity650 , @entity6824 , @entity2841 , @entity1261 , or @entity687 were induced by @entity1356 or @entity310 in early primary cultures, which mainly contain undifferentiated neuronal/glial progenitor cells. These studies demonstrate for the first time the production of multiple cytokines by normal @entity1 astrocytes stimulated in culture by @entity1356 and @entity310 . The capacity of @entity1 astrocytes to synthesize and release cytokines active on hemolymphopoietic cells supports the concept that these cells play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses in a variety of @entity75 .

title: Production of hemolymphopoietic cytokines ( XXXX , @entity687 , colony-stimulating factors) by normal @entity1 astrocytes in response to @entity1356 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain pathologies']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage CSF']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: PURPOSE: The low invasiveness of @entity439 repair (EAAR) appears optimal for the use of epidural anesthesia (EA). However, reported series on EAAR show that general anesthesia (GA) is generally preferred. To evaluate the feasibility and problems encountered with EA for EAAR, @entity1 undergoing EAAR with EA and @entity1 undergoing EAAR with GA were examined. METHODS: From April 1997 through October 1998, EAAR was performed on 119 @entity1 at the Unit of Vascular Surgery at Policlinico Monteluce in Perugia, Italy. Four @entity1 (3%) required conversion to open repair and were excluded from the analysis because they were not suitable candidates for evaluating the feasibility of EA. The study cohort thus comprised 115 @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair with the AneuRx Medtronic stent graft. The incidence of risk factors and anatomical features of the @entity439 were compared in @entity1 selected for EA or GA on the basis of intention-to-treat analysis. Intraoperative and perioperative data were compared and analyzed on the basis of intention-to-treat and on-treatment analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 (54%) underwent the surgical procedure with EA (group A), and 54 (46%) underwent the surgical procedure with GA (group B). Conversion from EA to GA was required in four @entity1 (3 of 61 @entity1 , 5%). There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups in demographics, clinical characteristics, and American Society of Anesthesiology classification (ASA). There was no perioperative mortality. Major morbidity occurred in 3% of @entity1 (group B). According to intention-to-treat analysis, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in mean operating time, fluoro time, @entity190 , amount of contrast media used, mean units of transfused blood, need of intensive care unit, mean postoperative hospital stay, and @entity86 . Conversely, significant differences were found by means of on-treatment analysis in the need of intensive care unit (0 vs 5 @entity1 ; P =.02), and length of hospitalization (2.5 vs 3.2 days; P =.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GA and @entity1281 4 were positive independent predictors of prolonged (more than 2 days) postoperative hospitalization (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.8; P =.03, and hazard ratio, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 17.9; P =.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: EA for EAAR is feasible in a high percentage of @entity1 in whom it is attempted, and it ensures a technical outcome comparable with that of @entity1 undergoing EAAR with GA. Successful completion of EAAR with EA is associated with a short period of hospitalization.

title: Epidural anesthesia reduces length of hospitalization after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endoluminal abdominal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endoleak']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with changes in autonomic nervous system activity in preterm @entity1 , which can be assessed by measurements of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1168 has been described in adults undergoing disconnection from MV; such information is not available in preterm @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in @entity299 between @entity1 successfully extubated and those who failed, and to evaluate the accuracy of @entity299 as a predictor of extubation readiness. METHODS: This is a prospective, observational study of @entity1 with a birth weight  <=1,250 g undergoing their first extubation attempt. Heart rate was measured during a 60-min period immediately prior to extubation and @entity299 was calculated using the frequency domain analysis. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were studied; 36 were successfully extubated and 11 reintubated. There were no differences in @entity1 demographics, ventilator settings, blood gases or postextubation management between the groups. All components of the @entity299 analysis were significantly decreased in @entity1 who failed, generating high areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The specificity and positive predictive values were 100, but with limited sensitivity and negative predictive values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 considered 'ready to be extubated' but who subsequently failed their first extubation attempt had decreased @entity299 prior to extubation. Though promising, the value of @entity299 as a predictor of extubation readiness requires further evaluation.

title: Heart rate variability and extubation readiness in extremely preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased HRV']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HRV', 'heart rate variability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity29466 ( @entity29466 ) is a slowly progressive @entity1781 that has been associated with mutations of the @entity12230 gene. In @entity1 , the disease primarily affects the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and causes @entity1952 and @entity227 . A subset of @entity989 are intrinsically photosensitive, express the photopigment melanopsin and drive non-image-forming (NIF) visual functions including light driven circadian and sleep behaviours and the pupil light reflex. Given the RGC pathology in @entity29466 , disruption of NIF functions might be predicted. Interestingly in @entity29466 @entity1 the pupil light reflex was preserved, although NIF behavioural outputs were not examined. The B6; C3- @entity12230 (Q285STOP) @entity19 model of @entity29466 displays @entity1781 , RGC @entity227 . We performed a comprehensive assessment of light driven NIF functions in this @entity19 model using wheel running activity monitoring, videotracking and pupillometry. @entity12230 mutant @entity19 entrained their activity rhythm to the external light/dark cycle, suppressed their activity in response to acute light exposure at night, generated circadian phase shift responses to 480 nm and 525 nm pulses, demonstrated immobility-defined sleep induction following exposure to a brief light pulse at night and exhibited an intensity dependent pupil light reflex. There were no significant differences in any parameter tested relative to wildtype littermate controls. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the number of melanopsin-expressing @entity989 , cell morphology or melanopsin transcript levels between genotypes. Taken together, these findings suggest the preservation of NIF functions in @entity12230 mutants. The results provide support to growing evidence that the melanopsin-expressing @entity989 are protected in mitochondrial @entity1781 .

title: Non-image-forming light driven functions are preserved in a XXXX model of @entity29466 .

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'dendropathy and functional visual disruption']

entities_list: @entity29466 :: ('MESH:D015418', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal dominant optic atrophy', 'ADOA']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve abnormalities', 'optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RGCs', 'retinal ganglion cells']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Visceral @entity438 may be treated by @entity439 , excision, revascularization, and endovascular techniques. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of the management of @entity438 with catheter-based techniques. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, 90 @entity1 were identified with a diagnosis of @entity438 . This was inclusive of @entity439 of the celiac axis, @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ), inferior mesenteric artery, and their branches. Surveillance without intervention occurred in 23 @entity1 , and 19 @entity1 underwent open @entity439 repair (4 @entity397 ). The endovascular treatment of 48 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 58, 60% @entity1 ) with 20 @entity438 ( @entity438 ) and 28 visceral @entity2849 (VAPA) was the basis for this study. Electronic and hardcopy medical records were reviewed for demographic data and clinical variables. Original computed tomography (CT) scans and fluoroscopic imaging were evaluated. RESULTS: The endovascular treatment of @entity438 was technically successful in 98% of 48 procedures, consisting of 3 celiac axis repairs, 2 left gastric arteries, 1 @entity6029 , 12 hepatic arteries, 20 splenic arteries, 7 gastroduodenal arteries, 1 middle colic artery, and 2 pancreaticoduodenal arteries. Of these, 29 (60%) were performed for symptomatic disease (5 @entity1756 ). Procedures were performed in the endovascular suite under local anesthesia with conscious sedation (94%). The femoral artery was used as the preferential access site (90%). Coil embolization was used for @entity439 in 96%. @entity7548 (glue) was used selectively (19%) using a triaxial system with a 3F microcatheter for persistent flow or multiple branches. The 30-day mortality was 8.3% (n = 4). One @entity1 died from recurrent @entity360 after gastroduodenal embolization, and the remaining died of unrelated causes. All perioperative @entity204 occurred in @entity1 requiring urgent or emergent intervention in the setting of hemodynamic instability. No @entity1 undergoing elective intervention died in the periprocedural period. Postprocedural imaging was performed after 77% of interventions at a mean of 16 months. Complete exclusion of flow within the @entity439 sac occurred in 97% interventions with follow-up imaging, but coil and glue artifact complicated CT evaluation. @entity751 developed in three @entity1 (6%) after @entity1416 . There was no evidence of @entity7752 or @entity63 after either @entity99 treatment. Three @entity1 required secondary interventions for persistent flow (n = 1) and recurrent bleeding from previously embolized @entity439 (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Visceral @entity438 and @entity2849 can be successfully treated with endovascular means with low periprocedural morbidity; however, the urgent repair of these lesions is still associated with elevated mortality rates. @entity439 can be accomplished with coil embolization and the selective use of @entity7548 . Current catheter-based techniques extend our ability to exclude @entity438 , but imaging artifact hampers postoperative CT surveillance.

title: The endovascular management of XXXX and @entity2849 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or mesenteric artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm exclusion', 'aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm exclusion']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Postembolization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['artery pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['VAA', 'visceral artery aneurysm', 'visceral artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['visceral artery aneurysms']


abstract: Reopening the injured lung with deep inflation (DI) and positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) likely depends on the duration and severity of @entity647 ( @entity647 ), key features of which include @entity133 and fibrin accumulation. We hypothesized that the response to DI and @entity9239 would worsen as @entity647 evolves and that this would correspond with increasing accumulation of alveolar fibrin. C57BL/6 @entity19 were anesthetized and aspirated 75 microl of @entity5828 (pH 1.8) or buffered normal saline. Subgroups were reanesthetized 4, 14, 24, and 48 h later. Following DI, tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were measured periodically at @entity9239 of 1, 3, and 6 cm @entity2507 , and air within the lung (thoracic gas volume) was quantified by microcomputed tomography. Following DI, G and H increased with time during progressive lung derecruitment, the latter confirmed by microcomputed tomography. The rise in H was greater in acid-injured @entity19 than in controls (P < 0.05) and also increased from 4 to 48 h after acid aspiration, reflecting progressively worsening injury. The rise in H was reduced by @entity9239 , but this effect was significantly blunted by 48 h (P < 0.05), also confirmed by thoracic gas volume. Lung permeability and alveolar fibrin also increased over the 48-h study period, accompanied by increasing levels and transcription of the fibrinolysis inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. @entity651 worsens progressively in @entity19 during the 48 h following acid aspiration. This injury manifests as progressively increasing @entity1344 , likely due to surfactant dysfunction caused by increasing levels of alveolar protein and fibrin.

title: The response to recruitment worsens with progression of @entity651 and fibrin accumulation in a XXXX model of acid aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar instability']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['increased alveolar permeability']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if the efficacy of continuous low dose @entity53 released from a vaginal ring is equivalent to @entity11111 vaginal cream regarding improvement of the @entity1 's subjective feeling of vaginal dryness and to determine if there is a preference for either of the two study treatments. METHODS: Open-label randomized parallel group trial with active control with a blind evaluation of vaginal cytology and with a cross-over (change-over) phase for preference comparison. One hundred and sixty five postmenopausal @entity1 with symptoms of vaginal dryness and signs of @entity194 were randomized to an @entity53 ring (Estring) or @entity11111 cream (Synapause). The duration of each treatment period was 12 weeks. RESULTS: Both study treatments were equally effective regarding the ability to alleviate the symptom feeling of vaginal dryness and the signs of @entity194 . Both treatments were efficient in restoring the vaginal mucosa, recorded as higher maturation values and as decreased vaginal pH. Estring was superior to @entity11111 cream regarding preference of treatment. Both treatments were equivalent for the occurrence of adverse events, including @entity548 . CONCLUSION: data from this change-over study confirm efficacy and safety of both the vaginal ring and cream in the treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity194 and signs. The @entity1 had a strong preference for the vaginal ring.

title: Continuous low dose XXXX released from a vaginal ring versus @entity11111 vaginal cream for @entity194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal atrophy', 'urogenital atrophy symptoms']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the prognostic indexes (PIs) of @entity1 with brain @entity3 (BMs) treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) using an artificial neural network. This analysis is important, because it evaluates the prognostic power of each PI to guide clinical decision-making and outcomes research. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective prognostic study was conducted of 412 @entity1 with BMs who underwent WBRT between April 1998 and March 2010. The eligibility criteria for @entity1 included having undergone WBRT or WBRT plus neurosurgery. The data were analyzed using the artificial neural network. The input neural data consisted of all prognostic factors included in the 5 PIs (recursive partitioning analysis, graded prognostic assessment [GPA], basic score for BMs, Rotterdam score, and Germany score). The data set was randomly divided into 300 training and 112 testing examples for survival prediction. All 5 PIs were compared using our database of 412 @entity1 with BMs. The sensibility of the 5 indexes to predict survival according to their input variables was determined statistically using receiver operating characteristic curves. The importance of each variable from each PI was subsequently evaluated. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate was 22%, 10.2%, and 5.1%, respectively. All classes of PIs were significantly associated with survival (recursive partitioning analysis, P < .0001; GPA, P < .0001; basic score for BMs, P = .002; Rotterdam score, P = .001; and Germany score, P < .0001). Comparing the areas under the curves, the GPA was statistically most sensitive in predicting survival (GPA, 86%; recursive partitioning analysis, 81%; basic score for BMs, 79%; Rotterdam, 73%; and Germany score, 77%; P < .001). Among the variables included in each PI, the performance status and presence of extracranial @entity3 were the most important factors. CONCLUSION: A variety of prognostic models describe the survival of @entity1 with BMs to a more or less satisfactory degree. Among the 5 PIs evaluated in the present study, GPA was the most powerful in predicting survival. Additional studies should include emerging biologic prognostic factors to improve the sensibility of these PIs.

title: Prognostic indexes for brain XXXX : which is the most powerful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of @entity2737 after clean surgical operations without using of prophylactic antibiotics and to investigate the relation between surgical @entity2737 with @entity1 s age, sex, type of hospital, and the difference in surgeons. METHODS: This study carried out in Sana'a city on 238 @entity1 who underwent clean operations in two governmental and two private hospitals by four surgeons between 1998-1999. @entity1 at high risk of @entity281 were excluded. RESULTS: The rate of @entity2737 was 8%. The study revealed statistically significant difference (P=0.011) in the @entity281 with elderly @entity1 (25% @entity281 in elderly @entity1 compared with 6% in less than 60 years old @entity1 ). It was also found that @entity2737 rate differs with the difference in surgeons; the rate did not exceed 3% with one surgeon (the author) in comparison with 13% with other surgeons. This difference is statically significant (P= 0.003). Differences in rates of @entity281 with sex of the @entity1 and type of the hospital were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: The study was concluded that the rate of @entity2737 after clean surgery without prophylactic antibiotics in Yemen is higher than many other countries, surgeon and the age of the @entity1 were the risk factors of importance. It is suggested to give antibiotics as prophylaxis to elderly @entity1 and to rise the awareness of the surgeons and nurses in order to improve their practice.

title: Rate of XXXX after clean surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['wound infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present meta-analysis aimed at assessing the effectiveness and safety of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) in reducing @entity190 and transfusion in spinal surgery. METHODS: Systematic searches of all studies published through March 2012 were identified from PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane library, Science Direct, and other databases. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the present study. Two independent reviewers searched and assessed the literature. Mean difference (MD) of @entity190 and blood transfusions, risk ratios (RR) of transfusion rate and of @entity1150 rate in the @entity928 -treated group versus placebo group were pooled throughout the study. The meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: Six placebo-controlled RCTs encompassing 411 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The use of @entity928 significantly reduced both total @entity190 [MD = -285.35, 95 % CI (-507.03 to -63.67), P = 0.01] as well as the number of @entity1 requiring blood transfusion [RR = 0.71, 95 % CI (0.54-0.92), P = 0.01]. None of the @entity1 in the treatment group had @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous use of @entity928 for @entity1 undergoing spinal surgery is effective and safe. It @entity190 and the need for blood transfusion, particularly in the using of high dosage of @entity928 (>=  15 mg/kg), yet does not increase the risk of postoperative @entity1150 . Due to the limitation of the quality of the evidence currently available, high-quality RCTs are required.

title: Is XXXX effective and safe in spinal surgery? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'reduces total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: Many @entity5 including the late stage ones become drug-resistant and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These lead to enhanced invasion, migration, and @entity3 toward manifesting its @entity146 and @entity5 . One of the key hallmarks of @entity5 is its overdependence on glycolysis as its preferred energy metabolism pathway. The strict avoidance of alternate energy pathway gluconeogenesis by @entity5 cells points to a yet-to-be hoisted role of @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) especially in @entity5 microenvironment, where cells are known to become drug-sensitive through induction of gluconeogenesis. However, since @entity4738 is involved in metabolism, anti-inflammatory reactions, immunity besides inducing gluconeogenesis, a greater role of @entity4738 in @entity5 microenvironment is envisaged. We have shown previously that @entity4738 , although ubiquitously expressed in all cells; afford to be an effective cytoplasmic target for killing @entity5 cells selectively. Herein, we report the therapeutic use of a newly developed @entity4738 -targeted liposomal concoction (DXE) coformulating a lipophilic drug (ESC8) and an anti- @entity4041 anticancer gene against @entity146 models. This induced drug-sensitivity and apoptosis while reversing EMT in @entity5 cells toward effective retardation of aggressive growth in pancreas and @entity1489 models. Additionally, the ESC8-free lipid formulation upon cotreatment with hydrophilic drugs, @entity136 and @entity632 , could effectively sensitize and kill @entity788 and @entity320 cells, respectively. The formulation-triggered EMT-reversal was @entity4738 -dependent. Overall, we found a new strategy for drug sensitization that led to the advent of new @entity4738 -targeted anticancer therapeutics.

title: XXXX -Targeted Liposomal Codelivery of Lipophilic Drug and Anti- @entity4041 Gene: Strategy to Induce Drug-Sensitivity, EMT-Reversal, and Reduced @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['Glucocorticoid Receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in incisor inclination between two compliance-free Class II correction protocols for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity17431 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among @entity17431 @entity1 a total of 38 consecutive @entity1 treated with the Xbow appliance and later with full brackets (XB) were compared to 36 consecutive @entity1 treated with Forsus connected to the archwire while on full brackets (FO). Evaluated cephalometric variables were overjet, overbite, skeletal Class II, lower incisor inclination, and upper incisor inclination. Factors that were analyzed were gender, treatment type, age at start of treatment (T1), and treatment length. Independent t-tests,   (2), multiple analysis of variance, and Pearson correlations were applied. RESULTS: No differences in incisor inclination between both treatment protocols were identified. At T1 no statistical difference for any cephalometric variable was demonstrated with regard to gender and treatment type. Gender was also not associated with a different treatment time or age at T1. The mean treatment time was 24.2 months for XB and 30.2 months for the FO group (P = .037). XB @entity1 averaged 10 fewer months of fixed edgewise appliances compared to FO @entity1 . Neither gender nor treatment type had any influence on the changes of the evaluated dependent variables between T1 and the end of treatment. Lower incisors proclined more the longer the treatment (P = .005). Both overjet and upper incisor inclination were affected by age at T1 (P = .001 and P = .014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both compliance-free Class II correction protocols for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity17431 appear to generate the same amount of incisor inclination. Large variability was identified.

title: Incisor inclination changes produced by two compliance-free Class II correction protocols for the treatment of mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17431 :: ('MESH:D008312', 'Disease') :: ['Class II malocclusions', 'Class II malocclusion']

answer: @entity17431 :: (MESH:D008312,Disease) :: ['Class II malocclusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to second-hand @entity286 smoke is preventable, yet common. This study assessed relationships between maternal exposure to second-hand @entity286 smoke and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We measured @entity4874 (a biomarker of @entity286 smoke) in urine from 921 @entity1 undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) between 1994 and 1998. We also collected information on self-reported exposure to second-hand smoke at home or at work, in addition to parental smoking during the @entity1 's childhood. RESULTS: In crude analysis, @entity1011 -adjusted @entity4874 levels were associated with a slight decrease in implantation rate among non-smoking @entity1 (11.1% in the lowest @entity4874 quintile versus 8.2% in the highest @entity4874 quintile; P=0.13). However, in multivariate logistic regression, @entity4874 levels above the median were not associated with failed fertilization, failed implantation or @entity2208 , nor was there evidence of a dose-response relationship among @entity4874 quintiles. After excluding @entity1 in couples diagnosed with @entity4810 , there were increased odds of having a @entity2208 among non-smoking @entity1 who reported that both parents smoked while they were @entity1 growing up compared with @entity1 reporting that neither parent smoked [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-18.1]. CONCLUSIONS: Female exposure to second-hand smoke as a @entity1 or in utero may be associated with an increased risk of @entity2208 in adulthood. However, this may be a chance finding due to multiple comparisons. Similar associations should be explored in additional studies with more refined estimates of childhood and in utero exposure to @entity286 smoke.

title: Maternal exposure to second-hand XXXX smoke and pregnancy outcome among couples undergoing assisted reproduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pretreatment lesion size on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a risk factor for symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment. Here, we investigated whether the Alberta @entity64 Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) applied to DWI images (DWI-ASPECTS) predicts sICH risk accurately. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, prospectively collected data of 217 @entity1 with anterior circulation @entity64 treated with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis within 6 hours after symptom onset were analyzed. Pretreatment DWI-ASPECTS scores were assessed by 2 independent investigators. For bleeding risk analysis, DWI-ASPECTS scores were either categorized into 0 to 7 (n=105) or 8 to 10 (n=112) or in 3 groups of similar sample size (DWI-ASPECTS 0 to 5 [n=69], 6 to 7 [n=70], and 8 to 10 [n=78]). RESULTS: DWI-ASPECTS scores correlated well with the DWI lesion volume (r=0.77, P<0.001, Spearman Rank test). Interobserver reliability for the assessment of DWI-ASPECTS was moderate (weighted kappa 0.441 [95% CI 0.373 to 0.509]). Twenty-three (10.6%) @entity1 developed sICH. The sICH rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with DWI-ASPECTS scores 0 to 7 (n=21, 15.1%) as compared to @entity1 with DWI-ASPECTS scores 8 to 10 (n=2, 2.6%, P=0.004). sICH risk was 20.3%, 10%, and 2.6% in the 0 to 5, 6 to 7, and 8 to 10 DWI-ASPECTS groups, respectively. DWI-ASPECTS remained an independent prognostic factor for sICH after adjustment for clinical baseline variables (age, NIHSS, time to thrombolysis). CONCLUSIONS: DWI-ASPECTS predicts sICH risk after thrombolysis and may be helpful to contributing to quick sICH risk assessment before thrombolytic therapy.

title: Risk assessment of symptomatic XXXX after thrombolysis using DWI-ASPECTS.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and @entity1229 are used to prevent @entity63 cerebrovascular events. They have serious complications including @entity932 ( @entity932 ). @entity1229 -related @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) incidence is .2%-5% in population that accounts for 10%-12% of all ichs. In this article, we investigated the profile of @entity1281 and @entity1229 -related spontaneous @entity932 in comparison with @entity932 @entity734 ( @entity734 ) with their clinical, radiological, and biochemical properties. METHODS: In all, 486 @entity1 aged 18-101 years with spontaneous @entity932 were included. @entity1 constituted 4 separate groups: users of @entity1229 , @entity1281 , @entity1281 + @entity1229 , and @entity734 . Clinical, neurological, etiological, and radiological data of these @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: There were 32 @entity1 in @entity1229 , 58 @entity1 in @entity1281 , and 7 in @entity1229 + @entity1281 group. Most of the @entity1 were in no drug group (389 @entity1 ). The most frequent type of @entity548 was @entity548 . The most common accompanying disease was @entity101 . The number of female @entity1 was statistically significant in the @entity1229 group. Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), accompanying diseases, opening of the @entity1410 to the ventricle, localization of the @entity548 , age of the @entity1 , and activated partial thromboplastin time level are all related to the outcome of @entity1 . @entity1229 users had worst mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity1229 , low GCS score, opening to ventricle, older age, accompanying @entity6 , and/or @entity101 were worse prognostic factors. It is possible that @entity1 with these unfavorable prognostic factors cannot survive.

title: @entity932 related with XXXX use and comparison of @entity1229 and @entity117 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'ICHs']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'supratentorial intraparenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['WADU', 'without any drug use']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ich', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: More and more data point to the involvement of the @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocyte subpopulation in the pathogenesis of @entity64 . This paper attempts to answer the question of whether an increase in the percentage of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the blood may be associated with carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a group of 109 @entity1 , aged 45 to 65 years, including 42 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 , experiencing symptoms resulting from disturbances of the anterior area of cerebral circulation, arterial @entity101 and/or @entity6 (group 1). Group 2 consisted of 34 @entity1 with above-mentioned risk factors but without @entity64 . The control group comprised 33 healthy individuals. Distribution of sex and mean age was comparable. The @entity121 of carotid arteries was measured by ultrasonography. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the percentage of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. RESULTS: The @entity121 was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity64 than in @entity1 without @entity64 . No significant correlation was found between the proportion of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in the blood and the @entity121 of carotid arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The significant proportion of @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity64 points to the involvement of the cells in the pathogenesis of @entity64 . The @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes are not involved in the pathomechanism of common carotid arteries @entity121 thickening in this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity404   XXXX    lymphocytes and @entity64 . Part I: @entity404   @entity1361    lymphocytes and common carotid artery @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: @entity2008 in association with @entity2150 have been reported fairly infrequently. @entity2008 at initial diagnosis are uncommon. A retrospective study was performed of the cytogenetic findings in @entity1 with typical morphological and clinical features of severe @entity2150 from a single institution for the years 1988 through 1998. A total of 30 cases of @entity2150 , 16 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 , were identified. The median age was 60 with females being significantly older (67.5 years) in comparison to males (44 years). Bone marrow specimens failed to yield metaphases in 16 cases and normal karyotypes were detected in 11 cases. @entity2008 were detected in 3 cases. @entity2214 , as defined, occurred in only 2 cases (6.7%). A review of the literature identified a total of 24 cases of @entity2150 with abnormal cytogenetic findings. Overall, the most common @entity2008 are trisomies of 6 and 8 and @entity393 . Trisomy 6 is more common at diagnosis while @entity393 is more common after therapy.

title: Bone marrow cytogenetic abnormalities of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['Clonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Cytogenetic abnormalities', 'Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities', 'chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 7']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: @entity1243 , the product of the Ob gene, is a polypeptide hormone expressed in adipocytes which acts as a signalling factor from the adipose tissue to the central nervous system, regulating food intake and energy expenditure. It has been reported that circulating @entity1243 levels are higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 , even after correction for body fat. This gender-based difference may be conditioned by differences in the levels of androgenic hormones. To explore this possibility, a systematic in vitro study with organ cultures from @entity1 omental adipose tissue, either stimulated or not with @entity3800 (1 microM), was undertaken in samples obtained from surgery on 44 non-obese donors (21 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ). The assay was standardized in periods of 24 h, ending at 96 h, with no apparent tissue damage. @entity1243 results are expressed as the mean+/-s.e.m. of the integrated secretion into the medium, expressed as ng @entity1243 /g tissue per 48 h. Spontaneous @entity1243 secretion in samples from female donors (4149+/-301) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that from male donors (2456+/-428). @entity251 did not exert any significant effect on in vitro @entity1243 secretion in either gender (4856+/-366 in @entity1 , 3322+/-505 in @entity1 ). Coincubation of adipose tissue with @entity586 ( @entity587 ) induced a significant (P<0.05) @entity1243 decrease in samples taken from @entity1 (3119+/-322) but not in those taken from @entity1 (2042+/-430). @entity27620 , a non-aromatizable @entity342 , decreased (P<0.05) @entity1243 secretion in female samples (2809+/-383) but not in male (1553+/-671). @entity2990 ( @entity2990 ) induced a significant (P<0.01) @entity1243 decrease in female samples (2996+/-473), with no modifications in samples derived from males (1596+/-528). Exposure to @entity2671 also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.01) of @entity1243 secretion in samples taken from @entity1 (2231+/-264), with no effect on male adipose tissue (1605+/-544). In conclusion, @entity587 , @entity27620 , @entity2494 -S and @entity2671 induced a significant inhibition of in vitro @entity1243 secretion in samples from female donors, without affecting the secretion in samples from @entity1 . @entity251 was devoid of activity in either gender.

title: @entity586 , @entity27620 , @entity2671 and @entity2990 inhibit @entity1243 secretion in female but not in male samples of omental adipose tissue in vitro: lack of effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA-S', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity27620 :: ('MESH:D013197', 'Chemical') :: ['Stanozolol', 'stanozolol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemotherapy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains controversial. We describe the two largest reported, randomized, parallel trials designed to determine whether the addition of chemotherapy influences duration and quality of life in localized, unresectable ( @entity1138 , @entity1260 , @entity900 [MIC]1 trial) and extensive ( @entity3778 trial) disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity1149 , aged 75 years or younger, with @entity66 , were randomized in @entity23390 to receive up to four cycles of chemotherapy (CT: @entity1138 6 mg/m(2), @entity1260 3 g/m(2), and @entity900 50 mg/m(2)) every 21 days, followed by radical radiotherapy (CT + RT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone. Extensive-stage @entity1 were randomized in @entity3778 to identical chemotherapy plus palliative care (CT + PC) or palliative care (PC) alone. Short-term change in quality of life (QOL) was assessed in a subgroup of @entity1 . Data from the two trials were combined to allow multivariate and stratified survival analyses. RESULTS: Seven hundred ninety-seven eligible @entity1 were randomized, 446 in @entity23390 and 351 in @entity3778 . MIC CT improved survival in both trials (significantly in @entity3778 ). The median survival time in @entity23390 was 11.7 months (CT + RT) versus 9.7 months (RT alone) (P =.14); whereas in @entity3778 , median survival time was 6.7 months (CT + PC) compared with 4. 8 months (PC alone) (P =.03). QOL, assessed in 134 @entity1 from start of trial to week 6, showed improvement with chemotherapy and deterioration with standard treatment. In the combined analysis of 797 randomized @entity1 , the positive effect of MIC on survival was significant overall (P =.01) and after adjusting for prognostic factors (P =.01). CONCLUSION: MIC chemotherapy prolongs survival in unresectable @entity1149 without compromising QOL.

title: XXXX , @entity1260 , and @entity900 in unresectable @entity1149 : effects on survival and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity is a significant risk factor for @entity14 ( @entity14 ); however, the relative contribution of high-fat consumption and @entity1386 remains unclear. It is becoming apparent that @entity28 perturbs both the intestinal microbiome and gut metabolome, and each has the potential to induce pro-tumorigenic changes in the epithelial transcriptome. The physiologic consequences and the degree to which these different biologic systems interact remain poorly defined. To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity28 drives colonic tumorigenesis, we profiled the colonic epithelial transcriptome of high fat (HF) diet-induced and genetically-induced (DbDb) obese @entity19 with a genetic predisposition to intestinal tumorigenesis (Apc(1638N)). 266 and 584 genes were differentially expressed in the @entity694 and DbDb @entity19 respectively. These genes mapped to pathways involved in immune function, and cellular proliferation and @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity1994 was central within the networks of interacting genes identified in both gene sets. Co-expression analysis comparing associations between the colonic transcriptome and microbiome revealed that three bacterial taxa previously correlated with @entity5 burden were significantly correlated with a gene module enriched for @entity1994 -related genes. Similarly, co-expression analysis of the colonic transcriptome and metabolome found that @entity859 , which was negatively associated with inflammatory markers and @entity5 burden, was also correlated with a gene module enriched with @entity1994 regulators. Our findings provide evidence that high-fat consumption and @entity1386 result in changes in the colonic transcriptome that, although distinct, both appear to converge on @entity1994 signaling. Such changes could be mediated by alterations in the colonic microbiome and metabolome.

title: Interactions between the colonic transcriptome, metabolome and microbiome in @entity19 models of XXXX -induced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa of HF']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['excess adiposity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists on the use of the optimal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) management in @entity1498 ( @entity9931 ) with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) repair. We report the outcome of @entity1 undergoing continuous cerebral and myocardial perfusion (CCMP) under mild @entity2332 . METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive @entity1 undergoing anatomic reconstruction of @entity9931 with @entity1757 closure between 1999 and 2011. Single arterial cannula perfusion technique was used in 15 (25%) @entity1 , and a dual arterial cannula perfusion technique was used in 45 (75%) @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no hospital or late mortalities. Average CPB time was 105    28 minutes, aortic clamp 27    7 minutes, and descending aortic cross-clamp time 24    5 minutes. Average continuous cerebral perfusion flow was 64    8 mL/kg per minute. No @entity1 needed delayed sternal closure. Average duration of ventilation was 38    20 hours, ICU stay 7    3 days, and hospital stay 14    6 days. No @entity1 required revision for @entity548 and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. No neurologic complications were noted. CONCLUSION: A perfusion strategy using CCMP with mild @entity2332 for @entity9931 and @entity1757 repair is feasible and safe.

title: Outcome of continuous cerebral and myocardial perfusion under mild XXXX for @entity1498 with @entity1757 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: The most severe @entity299 is the load on the right ventricle due to @entity120 with the development of a @entity3618 . This is characterized by @entity1184 and/or dilatation of the right ventricle because of a primary @entity73 and/or lung structure. The most important pathomechanisms for the development of @entity120 are vessel obliteration, mechanical lesions, primary @entity455 and @entity519 vasoconstriction. @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is one of the most important reasons for chronic @entity3618 . A further very common reason is obstructive @entity387 , especially if combined with a @entity1030 . In this case, the prevalence of @entity3618 can reach 80%. The development of a chronic @entity3618 is the most striking negative prognostic factor for these @entity1 . Only 30% of @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity3618 survive longer than 5 years, and only early detection of the disturbances to respiration which might potentially lead to @entity3618 and their subsequent therapy are able to improve the @entity1 's prognosis. Furthermore, @entity358 may also have an impact on the left heart side in terms of an @entity299 or by inducing severe @entity943 . Thus, @entity358 may have both a significant impact on right and left heart performance.

title: [ XXXX and heart function].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular or extra-vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of lung function']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sequel to lung disease', 'impairment of left heart function']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary diseases']


abstract: Numerous trials have shown that the pharmacokinetic interferences of @entity1259 (Ellence)/ @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) combinations produce less pharmacodynamic effect than @entity632 / @entity1311 regimens. @entity1311 is more easily combined when infused over 3 (as compared to 24) hours; the administration of optimal doses of both agents is important. Based on these findings, a phase II study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and activity of the combination of @entity136 (Gemzar), @entity1259 , and @entity1311 as first-line therapy in advanced @entity0 . @entity1 received @entity136 at 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 4, plus @entity1259 at 90 mg/m2 on day 1, plus @entity1311 at 175 mg/m2/d on day 1 every 21 days. After six courses, @entity1 less than 60 years old and in complete or partial remission or stable disease were treated with high-dose chemotherapy as consolidation treatment. The overall response rate was 92%, with 31% complete responses; 25 @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy, achieving a final overall response rate of 97%, with 47% complete responses. At a median follow-up of 25 months, median progression-free survival is 21 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 64% of @entity1 . Other hematologic @entity137 were mild. Mild to moderate @entity1897 was experienced by 39% of @entity1 ; grade 2 or 3 @entity33 occurred in 25% and 17% of @entity1 , respectively. Based on these results, a multicenter trial has been started in seven Italian centers to confirm the feasibility of this regimen.

title: The @entity136 / @entity1259 / XXXX trials in advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Orbital metastases of lu @entity3 are @entity2 er, because the number of patients diagnos @entity1 lung cancer is i @entity2 the probability that a physician will see a patient with an @entity1 metastasis is al @entity3 ing. Unfortunately, the clinical course and response of these patients to cyto @entity1 emotherapy are generally poor and keeping a patient's qualit @entity1 sion is difficult. In recent years, gefitinib, an ep @entity4562 rowth @entity470 @entity669 r, has brightened the outlook for patients with ad @entity1 on-small cell l @entity1149 those who carry epidermal growth @entity470 tions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Japanese man presented wi @entity1 swelling of the eyelid margin and ptosis of his ri @entity1736 e. A physical examination revealed double vision in @entity892 e and an alteration in elevator muscle mobility. A magnetic resonance image demonstrated a right intra-orbital mass (18   16mm). Screening examinations were carried out because this mass was suspected to be a metastasis from @entity3 gan. Chest computed tomography revealed a 42   37mm mass shadow on the left side of the hilum with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Aden @entity3 w @entity420 al growth @entity470 exon 19 deletion L747-E749; A750P) was detec @entity39705 n a transbronchial biopsy specimen; the patient was diag @entity1 ith stage IV (T2N2M1) non-small cell l @entity1149 g @entity4562 chosen as first-line chemotherapy because there was no pre-existing interstitial shadow. After two months of treatment, the patient's right @entity1 ned completely and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked reduction of the intra-orbital mass to 14   13mm. Three months after treatment initiation, a follow-up computed tomography showed a marked reduction in the size of the primary lesion t @entity75 he patient is conti @entity1 efitinib treatm @entity4562 ut any adverse effects noted on computed tomography, physical, or laboratory examination. CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a patient with an @entity1 non-small cell l @entity1149 @entity3 growth @entity470 tions. This metastasis, as w @entity3 primary lesion, @entity75 d response to the molecular targeting drug gefitinib, and t @entity4562 t's vision @entity1 pt without an invasive procedure. Gefitinib may be @entity4562 irst choice for patients with or @entity1 n-small cell l @entity1149 o @entity3 rmal growth @entity470 tions.

title: Orbital @entity3 secondary to pulmonary XXXX treated with @entity4562 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional studies suggest that @entity1949 is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. We tested the hypothesis that @entity1949 is associated with incident @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and the rate of @entity73 in older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Community-based. @entity1 : 737 community dwelling older adults without @entity303 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity1949 was quantified from up to 10 consecutive days of actigraphy. Subjects underwent annual evaluation for @entity195 with 19 neuropsychological tests. Over a follow-up period of up to 6 years (mean 3.3 years), 97 individuals developed @entity195 . In a Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, and education, a higher level of @entity1949 was associated with an increased risk of @entity195 (HR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.03-1.44, P = 0.02 per 1SD increase in @entity1949 ). An individual with high @entity1949 (90(th) percentile) had a 1.5-fold risk of developing @entity195 as compared with someone with low @entity1949 (10(th) percentile). The association of @entity1949 with incident @entity195 did not vary along demographic lines and was unchanged after controlling for potential confounders including total daily rest time, chronic medical conditions, and the use of common medications which can affect sleep. In a linear mixed effect analysis, a 0.01 unit increase in @entity1949 was associated with a 22% increase in the annual rate of @entity73 relative to the average rate of decline in the cohort (Estimate = -0.016, SE = 0.007, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1949 in older adults is associated with incident @entity195 and the rate of @entity73 . CITATION: @entity18282 ASP; Kowgier M; Yu L; Buchman AS; Bennett DA. @entity1949 and the risk of incident @entity195 and @entity73 in older @entity1 . SLEEP 2013;36(7):1027-1032.

title: Sleep Fragmentation and the Risk of Incident @entity195 and XXXX in Older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation', 'Sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']