abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) assessment has emerged to measure and quantify the balance between treatment benefit and @entity137 , and has a value in predicting response and overall survival in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: From July 1995 to February 1997, 38 symptomatic @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were treated with @entity11542 chemotherapy ( @entity1138 6 mg/m2, @entity1260 3000 mg/m2 and @entity900 50 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks). @entity1 were assessed for QOL including physical well-being, general symptoms and @entity2 -specific symptoms, as well as objective response. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 38.9% (14/36, all were partial response) and the median duration of response was 3.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-4.0]. The median duration of overall survival was 7 months (95% CI 5.9-8.5). The overall improvement of QOL was 58.3% with 21 @entity1 feeling better on treatment. The @entity137 of chemotherapy was mild, mainly @entity390 / @entity391 and minimal @entity1665 . Using multiple clinical predictors of survival (age, histology, stage, performance status), only change of QOL emerged significantly (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11542 had an endurable response and low @entity137 profile, and provided good QOL. Integral QOL data in our study provided the strong prediction of survival in advanced @entity1149 . Further experienced QOL study will provide greatly enhanced outcome data in clinical trials.

title: Quality of life (QOL) assessment of @entity11542 ( XXXX , @entity1260 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A hybrid knife was recently developed to allow waterjet-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection, which aims to speed up and simplify the procedure. This technique has been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of early @entity356 (EGC) but it has not yet been compared with conventional ESD. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this two-center study, @entity1 with an endoscopic and histopathological diagnosis of @entity652 or early @entity356 (meeting the extended Japanese criteria for local resection) were randomized to either conventional or waterjet-assisted ESD. The choice of knife was left to the endoscopist in the conventional group whereas the hybrid knife was used in the waterjet group.The primary end point was procedure time, and secondary outcomes included rates of en bloc resection, R0 resection, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity1 (mean age 63.0    10.6 years, 76 @entity1 ) were randomized to either conventional ESD (n=59; control group) or waterjet-assisted ESD (n=58). There were no significant differences in @entity1 demographics or lesion features between the groups. The mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the waterjet group compared with the conventional group (27.5  30.6 vs. 35.0  22.5 minutes; P=0.0008), and a change of accessories was less frequently required (mean number of changes 1.4  2.0 vs. 23.0  15.4; P<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the groups in the size of resected specimen, R0 resection rates, number of perforations, major delayed bleedings, or rates of complete remission of @entity5 after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Waterjet-assisted ESD and conventional ESD are comparably effective and safe techniques for the local treatment of EGC. The waterjet-assisted technique is a faster and simpler procedure and requires fewer accessory changes compared with conventional ESD.ClinicalTrial.gov registration: NCT01943253.

title: Conventional vs. waterjet-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection in early XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop simultaneously a new questionnaire, the Pediatric @entity354 Caregiver Impact Questionnaire (PGCIQ), in American English and American Spanish in order to elucidate the impact of caring for a @entity1 with @entity354 . METHODS: Two focus group discussions were conducted in American English and American Spanish to develop a relevant conceptual model. Focus group @entity1 were the primary caregivers of @entity1 with @entity354 (newborn through 12 years of age). @entity1 responses were qualitatively analyzed to identify potential differences in caregiver perspectives by the caregiver's language, socio-economic status and demographic profile as well as the @entity1 's age and disease severity level. Items in the PGCIQ were generated simultaneously in English and Spanish by reviewing results of qualitative analysis from focus groups in each language. The PGCIQ was finalized in both languages after testing content validity and conducting an in-depth translatability assessment. RESULTS: Analysis of focus group comments resulted in the development of a first draft questionnaire consisting of 58 items in 10 domains. Content validity testing and an in-depth translatability assessment resulted in wording modification of 37 items, deletion of 14 items and the addition of a domain with five items. Feedback from the content validity testing interviews indicated that the instrument is conceptually relevant in both American English and American Spanish, clear, @entity1650 . The final version of the PGCIQ contains 49 items assessing ten domains. An optional module with nine items is available for investigative research purposes and for use only at baseline. CONCLUSION: The PGCIQ was developed using simultaneous item generation, a process that allows for consideration of concept relevance in all stages of development and in all languages being developed. The PGCIQ is the first questionnaire to document the multidimensional impact of caring for an @entity1 or young @entity1 with @entity354 . Linguistic adaptation of the PGCIQ in multiple languages is ongoing. A validation study of the PGCIQ is needed to examine its psychometric properties, further refine the items and develop an appropriate scoring model.

title: Simultaneous development of the Pediatric XXXX Caregiver Impact Questionnaire (PGCIQ) in American English and American Spanish.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participant', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive and easy to complete within 10 minutes']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: Postural behavior is an integral response of animals to complex environmental factors. Huddling, nearly contacting one another on the side, and spreading are common @entity146 of group-housed animals undergoing cold, comfortable, and warm/hot sensations, respectively. These postural patterns have been routinely used by animal caretakers to assess thermal comfort of the animals and to make according adjustment on the environmental settings or management schemes. This manual adjustment approach, however, has the inherent limitations of daily discontinuity and inconsistency between caretakers in interpretation of the animal comfort behavior. The goal of this project was to explore a novel, automated image analysis system that would assess the thermal comfort of @entity1707 and make proper environmental adjustments to enhance animal wellbeing and production efficiency. This paper describes the progress and on-going work toward the achievement of our proposed goal. The feasibility of classifying the thermal comfort state of young @entity1707 by @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) analysis of their postural images was first examined. It included exploration of using certain feature selections of the postural behavioral images as the input to a three-layer @entity1274 that was trained to classify the corresponding thermal comfort state as being cold, comfortable, or warm. The image feature selections, a critical step for the classification, examined in this study included Fourier coefficient (FC), moment (M), perimeter and area (P_A), and combination of M and P_A of the processed binary postural images. The result was positive, with the combination of M and P_A as the input feature to the @entity1274 yielding the highest correct classification rate. Subsequent work included the development of hardware and computational algorithms that enable automatic image segmentation, motion detection, and the selection of the behavioral images suitable for use in the classification. Work is in progress to quantify the relationships of postural behavior and physiological responses of @entity1707 using thermographs. The results are expected to facilitate objective training of @entity1274 , hence improving the accuracy of the postural image-based assessment of the thermal comfort state. Work is also in progress to implement the analysis and assessment algorithms into computer codes for real-time application.

title: Assessing XXXX thermal comfort by image analysis of @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network', 'NN']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['postural behaviors']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: NK cells form a class of lymphocytes that are able to kill @entity5 cells, virally infected cells and antibody-coated cells without prior sensitization. @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) is a toxic chemical that was used in large scale in wood preservation, marine antifouling paints, and slime control in paper mills. @entity2385 has been detected in @entity1 foods such as dairy products, meat and fish and detectable levels have been found in @entity1 blood. The role of @entity2385 in immunosuppression has been reported and its specific inhibition of the @entity1 NK-cell cytotoxic function has also been described. The current studies examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 during @entity2385 -induced inhibition of NK cytotoxic function. Continuous in vitro exposure to 300 nM @entity2385 for 1h decreased the NK cell cytotoxic function with concomitant increases in phosphorylated forms of both @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 but not the total levels of either of these enzymes. Similar results were obtained with 500 nM @entity2385 treatment. A 1 h exposure to 300 nM @entity2385 followed by 24 h in @entity2385 -free media resulted in a further decrease in the cytotoxic function with an accompanying increase in the phosphorylated forms of @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 MAPKs as compared to controls (approximately 50%). However, after 48 h in @entity2385 -free media, the phosphorylation levels of both @entity10368 /42 and @entity1435 MAPKs decreased by about 50 and 30%, respectively. NK cell cytotoxic function also continued to decrease with time in @entity2385 -free media. A 24h exposure to 200 nM @entity2385 decreased cytotoxic function of NK cells (>90%) but produced donor-dependent effects on the phosphorylated @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 MAPK levels. These data indicated that in vitro exposures to @entity2385 induced changes in the phosphorylation (activation) states of @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 but not in their overall levels of expression in @entity1 NK cells.

title: @entity2384 -induced effects on MAP kinases @entity1435 and XXXX /42 in @entity1 natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin']

answer: @entity10368 :: (10561,Gene) :: ['p44']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify indications for hysterectomy in @entity1 with @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) and to evaluate outcomes of hysterectomy in those @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy were identified utilizing hospital medical records and the New England @entity1469 Center (NETDC) database from January 1, 1959-January 1, 2009. Demographic data as well as indication for hysterectomy, stage, World Health Organization score, chemotherapeutic regimens and outcomes were recorded. We further stratified our population into @entity1 with hysterectomies before and after 1980 to assess how indications for and outcomes after hysterectomy may have changed at our institution over time. RESULTS: A total of 98 @entity1 were identified to have undergone hysterectomy for @entity1469 . In the entire cohort 85% (n = 83) achieved remission and 48% (n = 47) required chemotherapy after hysterectomy. Among the @entity1 in the early cohort (n = 49), indications for hysterectomy included 15 (31%) for primary definitive management, 14 (29%) for chemotherapy resistant disease, 14 (29%) for @entity548 and 6 (11%) for other reasons. Of the @entity1 with hysterectomy for chemotherapy resistance, 9 (64%) achieved remission. In the more recent cohort (n = 49) indications for hysterectomy included 24 (49%) for primary definitive management, 19 (39%) for @entity3013 , 4 (8%) for @entity548 and 2 (4%) for other reasons. Of the @entity1 with hysterectomy for chemotherapy resistance, 16 (84%) achieved remission. There was a statistically significant decline in the number of hysterectomies performed for @entity548 . Hysterectomy was performed for @entity548 in the early cohort (1959-1980) in 14 (29%) of 49 @entity1 but in only 4 (8%) of 49 @entity1 in the later cohort (1981-2009) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: During the years 1959-2009 the number of hysterectomies performed for @entity1469 at the NETDC has remained stable. However, at our center there has been a decline in the incidence of hysterectomy for life-threatening @entity548 . Overall 83 (84.7%) @entity1 with hysterectomy for @entity1469 obtained remission. In @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy to treat chemotherapy-resistant disease, 25 of 33 (75.8%) subsequently achieved complete remission. Hysterectomy continues to play an important role in the management of selected @entity1 with @entity1469 .

title: The evolving role of hysterectomy in @entity1469 at the New England XXXX Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant disease']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['Trophoblastic Disease', 'gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['Trophoblastic Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Left ventricular non-compaction @entity296 (LVNC) is a distinct and heterogeneous entity that can lead to progressive @entity299 and @entity712 . LVNC with @entity384 is associated with a greater mortality risk. We hypothesized that initiation of @entity712 medications in @entity1 with LVNC and @entity67 or dilation would improve systolic function and result in favorable @entity5707 . The study was a retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria included: presence of LVNC, reduced systolic function or ventricular dilation, therapy with at least one medication (beta blocker, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, @entity11502 receptor blocker), imaging pre- and post-initiation of therapy. Fifty-one @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Mean age at initiation of medication was 11.5      11.8  years. Follow-up was 2.4      2.3  years. Three @entity1 (6  %) were solely on a beta blocker, 15 (29  %) on @entity1289 / @entity9883 monotherapy, and 33 (65  %) on dual therapy. At follow-up 45/51 @entity1 (88  %) had improvement in ejection fraction/shortening and 6/51 (12  %) had no change. Ejection fraction, shortening fraction, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the cohort before and after therapeutic intervention demonstrated a 16      12  % improvement in ejection fraction (p  <  0.0001), an 8      9  % improvement in shortening fraction (p  <  0.0001), and a 0.83      1.93 (p  <  0.05) decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic z-score. Early diagnosis and medical treatment of LVNC with reduced systolic function and/or dilation leads to favorable remodeling evident by an improvement in ventricular systolic function and reduction of ventricular end-diastolic dimensions.

title: Medical Therapy Leads to Favorable Remodeling in Left Ventricular Non-compaction XXXX : Dilated Phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilation and/or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of preoperative heart valve surgery risk factors aim to improve surgical outcomes with the possibility to offset conditions related to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: Intent of this study is to identify hospital risk factors in @entity1 undergoing @entity291 pericardial bioprosthesis implantation. METHODS: Retrospective study including 703 consecutive @entity1 who underwent implantation of at least one St. Jude Medical-Biocor @entity291 pericardial bioprosthesis between September 1991 and December 2005 at the Rio Grande do Sul Cardiology Institute; 392 were aortic, 250 were mitral and 61 were mitroaortic. Characteristics analyzed were gender, age, body mass index, @entity299 ( @entity299 ) functional class, ejection fraction, @entity340 , systemic @entity101 , @entity6 , kidney function, @entity943 , prior heart surgery, coronary artery bypass graft, tricuspid valve surgery and elective, urgent or emergency surgery. Main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Were 101 (14.3%) in-hospital deaths. Characteristics with significant relationship to increased mortality were female gender (p<0.001), age over 70 years (p=0.004), @entity955 (p=0.006), @entity6 (p=0.043), @entity1011 > 2.4 mg/dl (p=0.004), functional class IV (p<0.001), mitral @entity340 (p<0.001), previous heart surgery (p=0.005), tricuspid valve surgery (p<0.001) and emergency surgery (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mortality rate observed is accepted by literature and is justifiable due to the high prevalence of risk factors, showing an increased significance level for female gender, age above 70, functional class IV, tricuspid valve repairs and emergency surgery. Offsetting these factors could contribute to reduced in-hospital mortality for valve surgery.

title: Hospital risk factors for XXXX pericardial bioprosthesis valve implantation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['New York Heart Association', 'NYHA']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve lesion', 'valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: We describe two sisters (ages 10 and 3 years, respectively) with a normal development and a combination of congenital @entity1274 , @entity1275 , @entity145 , and @entity1276 . Neither @entity1 has distinctive physical anomalies. In the oldest @entity1 , there was a @entity393 of 80 dB bilaterally, and the most severe loss on audiogram was seen at 2,000-4,000 Hz. In the youngest @entity1 , there was a @entity393 of 100 dB bilaterally. Above 2,000 Hz no neural reactions were seen. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in one @entity1 and computed tomography in the other showed a @entity1275 and a cyst in the pineal region, causing an aqueduct @entity850 by compression and consequent @entity1276 . The parents have normal hearing, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities. They are nonconsanguineous but from the same small village. This is the first report of a combination of congenital @entity1274 , @entity1275 , and an @entity145 . The pattern of inheritance is probably autosomal recessive.

title: Bilateral XXXX , @entity1275 , and @entity145 in two sisters.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1275 :: ('MESH:C536111', 'Disease') :: ['partial agenesis of the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural deafness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: few studies have been carried out on therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity2336 associated with @entity2335 . The aim is to verify the safety and effectiveness of treatment with @entity4023 through intravesical instillation in @entity1 with @entity2336 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: a series of 18 female @entity1 is presented, with a mean age of 51 years and prior diagnosis of @entity2336 , who were treated by means of the weekly infusion of an intravesical solution of 40mg of @entity4023 in sterile solution, over a period of eight weeks. The @entity1 were examined clinically and urodynamically prior to their inclusion in the study and eight months after the instillations had concluded. RESULTS: there was a statistically significant improvement in the urodynamic parameters and in the symptoms measured quantitatively by means of the questionnaire "Pelvic @entity158 and Urgency/Frequency" between the baseline situation and after the vesical instillation of @entity4023 in @entity1 with @entity2336 . There was no @entity137 arising from the treatment, given that no adverse effects were recorded in relation to it. CONCLUSION: the clinical use of intravesical hyaluronic acid in @entity1 with @entity2336 possibly associated with @entity2335 has been demonstrated. The clinical improvement is also associated both with increased bladder capacity and improved bladder sensitivity. Tolerance was excellent. Clinical tests that more profoundly evaluate the therapeutic potential of this drug in this type of @entity1 are required.

title: [Clinical and urodynamic experience with intravesical hyaluronic acid in XXXX associated with @entity2335 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['painful bladder syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Specific genes, such as @entity6762 and @entity6763 , are methylated with high frequency in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) tissue compared to normal colon tissue specimens. Such DNA may leak into blood and be present as cell-free circulating DNA. We have evaluated the accuracy of a novel blood test for these two markers across the spectrum of benign and @entity5 encountered in the colon and rectum. METHODS: Circulating DNA was extracted from plasma obtained from volunteers scheduled for colonoscopy for any reason, or for colonic surgery, at Australian and Dutch hospitals. The extracted DNA was @entity6764 converted and analysed by methylation specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A specimen was deemed positive if one or more qPCR replicates were positive for either methylated @entity6762 or @entity6763 DNA. Sensitivity and specificity for @entity14 were estimated as the primary outcome measures. RESULTS: Plasma samples were collected from 2105 enrolled volunteers (mean age 62 years, 54 % male), including 26 additional samples taken after surgical @entity5 . The two-marker blood test was run successfully on 2127 samples. The test identified 85 of 129 @entity14 cases (sensitivity of 66 %, 95 % CI: 57-74). For @entity14 stages I-IV, respective positivity rates were 38 % (95 % CI: 21-58), 69 % (95 % CI: 53-82), 73 % (95 % CI: 56-85) and 94 % (95 % CI: 70-100). A positive trend was observed between positivity rate and degree of invasiveness. The colonic location of @entity5 did not influence assay positivity rates. Gender, age, smoking and family history were not significant predictors of marker positivity. Twelve methylation-positive @entity5 cases with paired pre- and post-surgery plasma showed reduction in methylation signal after surgery, with complete disappearance of signal in 10 subjects. Sensitivity for advanced @entity652 (n   =   338) was 6 % (95 % CI: 4-9). Specificity was 94 % (95 % CI: 92-95) in all 838 non-neoplastic pathology cases and 95 % (95 % CI: 92-97) in those with no colonic pathology detected (n   =   450). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity for @entity5 of this two-marker blood test justifies prospective evaluation in a true screening population relative to a proven screening test. Given the high rate of marker disappearance after @entity5 resection, this blood test might also be useful to monitor @entity5 recurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12611000318987 .

title: Evaluation of an assay for methylated @entity6762 and @entity6763 in plasma for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of cancers', 'neoplastic conditions', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6764 :: ('CHEBI:17137', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulphite']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: Some factors, which are primary independent of the @entity2245 -uptake have influence on the maximum and/or the basis activity of the @entity13310 and thereby finally on the alpha-value. There is a negative correlation between the age of the test @entity1 and both the maximum and the basis activity. An insufficient supply with protein leads to lowered maximum activities, but we could not estimate a correlation between @entity13310 + and protein-intake when adequate. Influences of oral contraceptives as well an enzyme induction caused by long-term high @entity2245 -uptake can not confidently be excluded. Specific differences between the enzyme activities of @entity1 and @entity1 are scarcely probable. @entity13310 + and @entity13310 - are lowered by @entity988 . A short-term load with @entity167 does not change the results. Oral contraceptives as well as the @entity8728 status have little if any influence on the enzyme activities. Our results show, that because of the various possible influences a single determination of the alpha-value is a doubtfull parameter to assess the @entity2245 status of @entity1 . Only the observation of the alteration of the individual alpha-value during deficiency and substitution tests, considering at the same time some essential incidentals, can lead to well-founded statements.

title: [Methods and their evaluation in the determination of XXXX status in @entity1 . 2. alpha-SGOT: reliability of the parameter].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcohol abuse']

answer: @entity2245 :: (MESH:D025101,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in clinical features of @entity907 ( @entity907 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2000 to September 2009, 841 @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 or prodromata were enrolled. They were assigned to two groups according to the period of visiting hospital: group A (from January 2000 to December 2004, n=129) and group B (from January 2005 to September 2009, n=712). They were assigned to three age groups: 4-6 years old, 7-10 years old and 11-18 years old. A @entity135 ( @entity135 ) was performed on all the subjects. RESULTS: The total positive rate of @entity135 was 45.3% (381/841). Compared with that in group A, the positive rate of @entity135 in group B increased significantly (47.5% vs 33.3%; P<0.05). The positive rate of @entity135 in female @entity1 was significantly higher than that in male @entity1 (49.3% vs 37.9%; P<0.05). The positive rate of @entity135 increased with age and it was the highest in @entity1 at age of 11-18 years (49.2%), followed by in @entity1 at age of 7-10 years (44.1%) and 4-6 years (37.1%) (P<0.05). The @entity1 at age of 7-10 years and 11-18 years from group B showed significantly higher positive rate of @entity135 than those from group A (46.2% vs 27.8%; 54.0% vs 32.6%, P<0.05). Vasodepressor type was the most common response type (70.9%) shown by @entity135 compared with mixed type (25.5%) and cardioinhibitory type (3.6%) (P<0.05). The proportion of @entity1 with vasodepressor response type in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (72.5% vs 58.1%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were obvious changes in the prevalence of @entity907 and response types before and after five years, suggesting that the development of @entity907 may be attributed to many factors, such as social factors, mental factor and life style.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt table test', 'HUTT']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope', 'VVS']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens from @entity5 may be a factor in escape from immune surveillance. In an attempt to quantify this phenomenon in @entity150 , frozen sections were stained immunochemically and cell lines were tested in a radiobinding assay before and after treatment with @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and after attempts to correct the defect by normal human @entity4107 gene transfection. Study of 68 @entity5 sections with W6/32 antibody against monomorphic class I demonstrated that 42% had reduced or absent staining compared with the intensity of stromal staining. Ten percent of cases had complete absence with W6/32, all of which were also negative for @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) expression. Use of polymorphic antibodies for A2, A3, @entity13620 , and @entity20484 increased this frequency of defects to 73%. Study of 21 @entity5 cell lines with W6/32 demonstrated negative staining in five (23%) that could not be induced by @entity379 and reduced staining in three (14%) that could be increased by @entity379 , the remainder showing normal levels unaffected by @entity379 . An additional six (28%) failed to express class II in response to @entity379 , leading to an overall incidence of abnormality of 65%. In no case did cotransfection of one cell line with a defect in one case transfection of @entity2262 gene into a class I negative line of fully assembled MHC class I antigens. It is concluded that the majority of @entity5 cells demonstrate some form of MHC class I and II defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The frequency of major histocompatibility complex antigen XXXX and their correction by gene transfection or cytokine stimulation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-m', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['abnormalities in urological tumours']


abstract: Data on the true acute care costs of @entity173 for @entity1 admitted from care homes are limited. Detailed costing analysis was undertaken for 100 @entity1 . Median cost was   9,429 [< @entity7634 >10,896], increasing to   14,435 [< @entity7634 >16,681], for those requiring an upgrade from residential to nursing home care. Seventy-six percent of costs were attributable to hospital bed days, and therefore, interventions targeted at reducing hospital stay may be cost effective. INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have estimated the costs associated with @entity173 , although these vary widely, and for @entity1 admitted from care homes, who represent a significant @entity174 burden, there are limited data. The primary aim of this study was to perform a detailed assessment of the direct medical costs incurred and secondly compare this to the actual remuneration received by the hospital. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 presenting from a care home in 2006 were randomly selected and a detailed case-note costing analysis was undertaken. This cost was then compared to the actual remuneration received by the hospital. RESULTS: Median cost per @entity1 episode was   9,429 [< @entity7634 >10,896] (all @entity1 ) range   4,292-162,324 [< @entity7634 >4,960-187,582] (subdivided into hospital bed day costs   7,129 [< @entity7634 >8,238], operative costs   1,323 [< @entity7634 >1,529] and investigation costs   977 [< @entity7634 >1,129]). Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 admitted from a residential home required upgrading to a nursing home. In this group, the median length of stay was 31 days (mean 38, range 10-88) median cost   14,435 [< @entity7634 >16,681]. Average remuneration received equated to   6,222 [< @entity7634 >7,190] per @entity1 . This represents a mean loss in income, compared to actual calculated costs of   3,207 [< @entity7634 >3,706] per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The median cost was   9,429 [< @entity7634 >10,896], increasing to   14,435 [< @entity7634 >16,681], for those requiring an upgrade from residential to nursing home care at discharge. Significant cost differences were seen comparing the actual cost to remuneration received. Interventions targeted at reducing length of stay may be cost effective.

title: The direct cost of acute XXXX care in care home residents in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: AIM: To assess the role of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in @entity1 with occult primary @entity0 presenting with axillary metastases (OPBC). METHODS: @entity1 with axillary nodal metastases and histological diagnosis of @entity0 without palpable, mammographic or ultrasonographic evidence of a breast primary were identified from a prospectively maintained single institution database. Imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, recurrence and survival data were collected. @entity1 whose @entity0 primary was detected on MRI (but occult on clinical examination and other imaging) were excluded from the analyses of @entity0 and outcome, but were included in other exploratory analyses. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were included between 1975 and 2009. Median follow up was 68 months. Twenty @entity1 had breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to other imaging. A primary @entity0 was detected in 7 of these 20. 48/55 @entity1 had no detectable breast primary. 35/48 @entity1 (73%) were treated with radiotherapy to the conserved breast, and 13/48 (27%) with observation. @entity1 who had @entity0 had better 5 year local recurrence free survival (LRFS) (84% versus 34%, p<0.001), and relapse free survival (RFS) (64% versus 34%, p=0.05), but no difference in overall survival (OS) (84% versus 85%, p=0.2). There was no difference in 5 year LRFS (80% versus 90%: p=0.3) between @entity1 who received radiation of 50 Gy in 25 fractions versus >= 60 Gy. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with OPBC should be managed with @entity0 and breast conservation, or mastectomy. Our data suggest it is not necessary to irradiate the breast to more than 50 Gy in 25 fractions.

title: The role of XXXX in management of occult primary @entity0 presenting as axillary lymphadenopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['IBR', 'ipsilateral breast radiotherapy', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral breast radiotherapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine clinical features, health-related quality of life, and adult voice in @entity1 with a history of @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 (JORRP). STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: All 32 @entity1 with JORRP treated at Helsinki University Hospital between 1975 and 1994 were invited to an outpatient visit in spring 2008, and 18 of them (56%) entered the study. Each @entity1 had an age- and gender-matched control subject with similar smoking habits. Videolaryngostroboscopy was performed and voice quality determined by acoustic and perceptual analysis. Voice-quality characteristics of the whole @entity1 group and the recurrence-free @entity1 were examined separately. Subjective voice-related disability was studied with voice handicap index (VHI) and health-related quality of life with a 15D questionnaire. RESULTS: Acoustic analysis showed that @entity1 had statistically significantly higher values in percent jitter, percent shimmer, and noise-to-harmonics ratio. Perceptual analysis indicated higher scores for @entity1 in overall grade, roughness, breathiness, and strain. Acoustic and perceptual values for recurrence-free @entity1 (n = 14) were also significantly higher than those for their matched paired controls. No statistically significant differences emerged for handicap related to voice or to health-related quality of life. Four study @entity1 (22%) had undergone tracheotomy, indicating severity of @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: JORRP is a risk factor for permanent laryngeal pathology and @entity132 in adulthood.

title: Clinical features, health-related quality of life, and adult voice in XXXX recurrent @entity1724 .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['voice-disturbances']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile-onset disease']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile-onset']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['juvenile-onset']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the oncologic and cosmetic outcomes in @entity1 with multifocal @entity0 or @entity5 with diameters larger than 3 cm situated in the upper outer quadrant who were treated with "V"-technique. METHODS: From July 1999 till June 2003, 44 conserving surgeries with "V"-technique using a local rotational flap were performed. @entity5 was in the upper outer quadrant. All solid @entity5 were larger than 3 cm in diameter In all @entity1 , axillary lymph node dissection was performed. All the @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy. Mean follow-up was 58 months. RESULTS: Out of 44 conserving surgeries with "V"-technique, an adequate distance of @entity5 from the margins was obtained in 84.1% (37/44). Out of 37 @entity1 who underwent conserving surgery with this technique, the cosmetic result was favourable in 83.78% (31/37). None of these @entity1 had a corrective surgery such as reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy. Mean weight of excised tissue was 215 g. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 10.8%. The 5-year metastasis-free survival rate was 81.1%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 86.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of multifocal and T2 @entity0 larger than 3 cm in diameter situated in the upper outer quadrant and performed with "V"-technique gives a good aesthetic result and enables a wide resection of breast tissue around the @entity5

title: "V"-technique as a method of breast conserving surgery in multifocal and T2 invasive XXXX situated in the upper outer quadrant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Localization of tumours', 'T2 tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Mutations in @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ), factor I (IF), and @entity806 ( @entity806 ) genes have been described as risk factors for @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). This study analyzed the impact of complement mutations on the outcome of 46 @entity1 with @entity1381 . A total of 52% of @entity1 had mutations in one or two of known susceptibility factors (22, 13, and 15% of @entity1 with @entity4050 , IF, or @entity806 mutations, respectively; 2% with @entity4050 +IF mutations). Age <3 mo at onset seems to be characteristic of @entity4050 and IF mutation-associated @entity1381 . The most severe prognosis was in the @entity4050 mutation group, 60% of whom reached @entity454 or died within <1 yr. Only 30% of @entity4050 mutations were localized in SCR20. @entity806 mutation-associated @entity11849 has a relapsing course, but none of the @entity1 reached @entity454 at 1 yr. Half of @entity1 with IF mutation had a rapid evolution to @entity454 , and half recovered. Plasmatherapy seemed to have a beneficial effect in one third of @entity1 from all groups except for the @entity806 mutation group. Only eight (33%) of 24 kidney transplantations that were performed in 15 @entity1 were successful. Graft failures were due to early graft @entity715 (50%) or @entity11849 recurrence. In conclusion, outcome of @entity11849 in @entity1 with @entity4050 mutation is catastrophic, and posttransplantation outcome is poor in all groups except for the @entity806 mutation group. New therapies are urgently needed, and further research should elucidate the unexplained @entity11849 group.

title: Differential impact of complement mutations on clinical characteristics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity806 :: ('4179', 'Gene') :: ['MCP', 'membrane cofactor protein']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['aHUS', 'atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute @entity32 in @entity31 is often associated with major intestinal @entity190 . Studies on hemostasis present a deficiency of F XIII which is important for clot formation and wound healing. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of ten @entity1 had been treated with @entity2983 and corticosteroids consequently for three weeks. Thereafter a clinical improvement did not occur, the @entity1960 activity index (CAI) and the endoscopic score (ES) remained elevated (9.9 +/- 1.5 points and 8.9 +/- 2.3 points, respectively). Because of this therapy-resistant active stage of disease in an open and prospective pilot trial F XIII concentrate (1,250 IU, Fibrogammin HS, Behringwerke, Germany) was additionally administered intravenously for ten days. RESULTS: The additional substitution therapy resulted in a significant improvement of complaints, the stool frequency decreased from 9 +/- 4.1 to 2.4 +/- 1.5 (p < 0.001). Both, the clinical activity index (2.8 +/- 1.6; p < 0.0001, vs day 0) and the endoscopic score (4.4 +/- 2.2; p < 0.005, vs day 0) declined significantly during the F XIII substitution. The F XIII activity was markedly reduced initially (46.1 +/- 17.4%) and showed a significant increase after the substitution (171 +/- 41.7%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results may suggest that substitution therapy with F XIII concentrate can be beneficial in @entity1 with therapy-resistant active stage of @entity31 and proven @entity19434 . To verify this preliminary results, controlled clinical trials will have to be performed.

title: [Substitution of factor XIII concentrate in treatment refractory XXXX . A prospective pilot study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity19434 :: ('MESH:D005177', 'Disease') :: ['F XIII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic-acid']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT/NC) is associated with @entity64 or @entity887 (S/E). The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the rate, risk factors, and cause of S/E in @entity1 with LVHT/NC. The medical records of @entity1 with LVHT/NC were retrospectively screened for S/E. For @entity64 classification, the Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) criteria were applied, and for @entity1897 , angiographic findings were used. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic data were compared between @entity1 with and without S/E. In 22 of 144 @entity1 (15%), @entity64 (n = 21) or @entity1897 (n = 1) had occurred. The cause of S/E was cardioembolic (n = 14), @entity731 (n = 5), or undetermined (n = 3). S/E occurred before (n = 14) and after (n = 8) the diagnosis of LVHT/NC. Only mean age (60 vs 53 years, p <0.05) and the prevalence of @entity101 (32% vs 59%, p <0.05) were higher in @entity1 with S/E than in those without S/E. Among @entity1 with @entity4889 /E, 13 of 14 had either @entity955 ( @entity955 ) or @entity299 , and @entity955 as well as @entity299 were found in 4 of 14 @entity1 . In conclusion, S/E in @entity1 with LVHT/NC is not always cardioembolic but may also have an @entity731 cause. In the absence of @entity955 or @entity1002 , @entity4889 /E is rare in @entity1 with LVHT/NC. These findings suggest that @entity1 with LVHT/NC with @entity299 or @entity955 should receive oral anticoagulation as primary prophylaxis against S/E.

title: Frequency of @entity64 and XXXX in left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic S']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We performed an extensive mutational analysis of the canonical @entity19 @entity8512 ( @entity8512 ) @entity8513 to determine the properties of ORs that inhibit plasma membrane trafficking in heterologous expression systems. We employed the use of the @entity8513 ::GFP fusion protein to directly assess plasma membrane localization and functionality of @entity8513 in heterologous cells in vitro or in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in vivo. OSN expression of @entity8513 ::GFP show only small differences in activity compared to untagged @entity8513 . However, @entity8513 ::GFP could not traffic to the plasma membrane even in the presence of proposed accessory proteins RTP1S or mb2AR. To ask if ORs contain an internal "kill sequence", we mutated ~15 of the most highly conserved @entity8512 specific @entity1522 not found amongst the trafficking non- @entity8512 GPCR superfamily; none of these mutants rescued trafficking. Addition of various @entity1472 terminal signal sequences or different glycosylation motifs all failed to produce trafficking. The addition of the @entity1472 and @entity1473 terminal domains of mb2AR or the mutation @entity8514 in the highly conserved GPCR motif NPxxY does not rescue plasma membrane trafficking. The failure of targeted mutagenesis on rescuing plasma membrane localization in heterologous cells suggests that @entity8512 trafficking deficits may not be attributable to conserved collinear motifs, but rather the overall @entity3689 composition of the @entity8512 family. Thus, we performed an in silico analysis comparing the @entity8512 and other @entity4976 receptor superfamilies. We find that ORs contain fewer charged residues and more hydrophobic residues distributed throughout the protein and a conserved overall @entity3689 composition. From our analysis, we surmise that it may be difficult to traffic ORs at high levels to the cell surface in vitro, without making significant @entity3689 modifications. Finally, we observed specific increases in @entity1853 and @entity3793 residues as well as a marked decrease in @entity6635 residues, suggesting that these changes provide ORs with special characteristics needed for them to function in olfactory neurons.

title: In Vitro Mutational and Bioinformatics Analysis of the XXXX and Its Superfamily.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity8513 :: (406176(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['M71 Odorant Receptor']


abstract: 1. This series of three papers aims to describe the three-dimensional, kinematic input-output relations of the rotational vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in @entity1 , and to identify the functional advantages of these relations. In this first paper the response to @entity717 in darkness at 0.3 Hz, maximum speed 37.5%/s, was quantified by the use of the three-dimensional analogue of VOR gain: a 3 x 3 matrix where each element describes the dependence of one component (torsional, vertical, or horizontal) of eye velocity on one component of head velocity. 2. The three matrix elements indicating collinear gains (i.e., dependence of torsional eye velocity on torsional head velocity, vertical on vertical, and horizontal on horizontal) were smaller than the -1's required for optimal retinal image stabilization. Of these three the torsional gain was weakest: -0.37 for rotation about an earth-vertical @entity2270 , versus -0.73 and -0.64 for vertical and horizontal gains. Matrix elements indicating cross talk were mostly negligible. There was a tendency to @entity717 in response to clockwise head motion, but this was not statistically significant. 3. VOR responses were compared for rotation about earth-vertical and earth-horizontal axes. The varying otolith input due to the rotation of the gravity vector relative to the head during earth-horizontal @entity2270 rotation made no difference to the collinear gains. 4. There were no consistent phase leads or lags except for a torsional phase lead of up to 10 degrees, usually more marked for clock-wise @entity717 versus counterclockwise, and for oblique @entity2270 rotations versus purely torsional. 5. Torsional gain was magnified, averaging -0.52, when the torsional component of @entity717 was only a small part of a predominantly vertical or horizontal rotation, i.e., when the @entity2270 of @entity717 was near the frontal plane. Because most natural @entity717 occur about such axes, the torsional VOR is probably somewhat stronger than the response to pure torsion would suggest. 6. The speed of @entity717 in response to a given stimulus varied widely among subjects, but the direction of rotation was much more uniform. For @entity717 about oblique axes out of the frontal plane, there was a systematic misalignment of eye and head axes, with eye axes tilted toward the frontal plane. These findings can be explained on the basis of a strategy where the VOR balances the muscular effort of rotating the eyes against the cost of @entity2479 .

title: Rotational kinematics of the XXXX vestibuloocular reflex. I. Gain matrices.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations', 'sinusoidal rotation', 'leftward eye rotation', 'eye rotation', 'head rotation']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal slip']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transplantation offers an excellent option for @entity1 with immunoglobulin-A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) with severe @entity8 . However, @entity6994 frequently recurs in allografts treated with @entity500 . We examined the impact of @entity618 immunosuppression on recurrence of @entity6994 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of @entity1 transplanted for @entity6994 at our institution in the cyclosporin era. @entity1 were excluded from further analysis if follow-up was <12 months or if immunosuppression at engraftment did not include @entity500 or @entity618 . Laboratory data, medications and allograft biopsy findings were compiled. RESULTS: 152 kidney transplantations met the study criteria. At engraftment, 61 allografts were treated with @entity500 and 91 with @entity618 . By 3 years post-transplant, @entity6994 developed in six of 60 (10.0%) @entity500 -treated allografts and five of 62 (8.1%) @entity618 -treated allografts (P = 0.76). Overall, 13 @entity500 -treated and seven @entity618 -treated allografts showed recurrence. As expected in this retrospective study, the duration of observation was longer in the @entity500 group. The interval between engraftment and diagnosis of @entity66 was also longer. Survival of allografts with recurrent @entity6994 was similar in the two groups. Survival of allografts with recurrent @entity6994 was worse than for allografts without recurrence or allografts transplanted into @entity1 with non- @entity6994 @entity177 . Neither switching @entity500 to @entity618 nor using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or @entity7743 blocker ameliorated the clinical course after a biopsy documented recurrent @entity6994 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity618 , compared with @entity500 , did not lessen the recurrence of @entity6994 or its clinical impact.

title: Recurrent @entity8 after renal transplantation despite immunosuppressive regimens with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil', 'Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the incidence of vaginal symptoms in younger @entity1 with @entity1723 , and also to assess the relationship between symptoms and other clinical risk factors for @entity7553 . METHOD: A population-based questionnaire was administered to @entity1 aged 18-40 years with @entity1723 . Subjects were asked about symptoms of " @entity5253 " as a surrogate question for symptoms suggestive of @entity281 . Glycaemic control was assessed by measurement of glycated haemoglobin. (Non-diabetic reference range of 30-50 mmol/mol haem). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-four out of 144 eligible @entity1 completed the questionnaire, a participation rate of 86%. Of the @entity1 interviewed, 60% had experienced one or more episodes attributed to " @entity5253 ", in the previous year. All seven subjects with a glycated haemoglobin of 100 mmol/mol haem or greater, experienced vaginal symptoms in the previous year. The relationship between frequency of vaginal symptoms and glycated haemoglobin was however weak. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1109 are common in younger @entity1 with @entity1723 and are not confined to subjects with poor @entity6 control. We recommend that health professionals caring for these @entity1 enquire about symptoms of @entity365 so that appropriate diagnosis and treatment can be initiated.

title: XXXX and @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal thrush']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infection']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Vaginal symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1653 of the foramen magnum (FMMs) represent a neurosurgical challenge because they grow in close contact with osteoarticular, nervous, and vascular structures that cannot be sacrificed or retracted. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our strategy and results in 26 @entity1 with FMMs and analyze factors affecting the decision-making process, resection, and outcome. METHODS: Among 26 consecutive symptomatic FMM (10 anterior, 16 lateral) @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 , ages 28-82 years), 4 older than 70 years of age were untreated. Twenty-two were operated on using a posterolateral approach, with the vertebral artery transposed in 19 and the occipital condyle drilled in 10. We analyzed the characteristics and outcome of untreated cases, the utility of THE occipital condyle drilled, the difficulties of microdissection, morbidity and total removal rates, the outcome of @entity5 residues, and the literature on radiosurgery. RESULTS: Three of 4 untreated @entity1 remained clinically stable at 2 to 5 years. After systematic vertebral artery medial transposition and occipital condyle drilled in 6 cases, our technique evolved with experience in the next 16 (vertebral artery transposed in 13 of 16; occipital condyle drilled in 4 of 13) for dissecting anteriorly beyond midline (anterior FMMs). Retrocondylar access was sufficient for lateral FMMs. @entity5 were totally removed in 16 of 22 (73%). One @entity1 died, and 4 had permanent deficits. Follow-up of more than 5 years in 12 @entity1 showed no C0-1 instability, and slight increase of @entity5 residue size 7 years after surgery. In the literature, 15 FMMs treated with radiosurgery are reported, 13 at diagnosis and 2 at recurrence, with short-term clinical and radiological safety and efficacy. CONCLUSION: We currently recommend (1) aiming for subtotal removal in difficult cases, (2) remaining conservative in asymptomatic or elderly @entity1 with mild symptoms, and (3) considering radiosurgery at diagnosis for small (<30 mm) symptomatic FMMs or as an adjunct for evolving residues/recurrences in poor candidates for resection.

title: Management of anterolateral foramen magnum XXXX : surgical vs conservative decision making.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Anterolateral meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of parenteral versus enteral nutritional support in severe acute @entity788 , with respect to efficacy, safety, morbidity, mortality and length of hospitalization. METHODS: The study was comprised of 31 @entity1 , divided into a parenteral group (n=16) and an enteral group (n=15), who met severity criteria for abdominal tomography (Balthazar classes C, D, and E). The @entity1 were compared by demographics, disease etiology, antibiotic prophylaxis, use or not of @entity1943 , nutritional support, complications and disease progression. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the average duration of nutritional support, @entity1943 , or antibiotics in the two groups. Imipenem was the drug of choice for prophylaxis of @entity788 in both groups. More complications occurred in the parenteral group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.10). Infectious complications, such as @entity295 and @entity281 of the pancreatic tissue, were significantly more frequent in the parenteral group (p=0.006). There was no difference in average length of hospitalization in the two groups. There were three deaths in the parenteral group and none in the enteral group. CONCLUSION: Enteral nutritional support is associated with fewer @entity532 compared to parenteral nutritional support.

title: Parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in severe acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infections']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['catheter sepsis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['septic complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacterial intestinal glucosidases exert an important role in @entity3093 absorption. Insoluble dietary fibers such as inulin may stimulate the growth of these bacteria in the colon and, hence, stimulate the absorption of these substances in subjects who may need @entity3093 supplementation. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the influence of inulin on plasma @entity3093 concentrations after intake of @entity1460 @entity6400 in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: Twelve healthy postmenopausal @entity1 participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. They consumed 40 mg of a conjugated form of @entity1460 @entity6400 (6 mg @entity8139 and 18 mg @entity670 as free form) with or without 3.66 g inulin twice daily in two 21-d experimental phases. Blood samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 12, and 24 h after intake of @entity6400 with breakfast and dinner at the end of each 21-d experimental phase. Plasma concentrations of @entity6400 were assessed by HPLC with an electrochemical detector. RESULTS: Plasma 24-h areas under the curve indicated that the intake of @entity1460 @entity6400 with inulin for 21 d was followed by higher plasma concentrations of @entity8139 and @entity670 (38% and 91%, respectively) compared with the formulation without inulin. Furthermore, the time for the maximum concentration of @entity8139 and @entity670 appeared to be lower after the 21-d intake of @entity1460 @entity6400 , with or without inulin. However, the time for the maximum concentration of @entity8139 and @entity670 after supplementation with the inulin-containing formulation on day 21 was not significantly different from that after supplementation with the formulation without inulin. CONCLUSIONS: Inulin may increase the apparent plasma concentrations of the @entity1460 @entity6400 @entity8139 and @entity670 in postmenopausal @entity1 . The higher plasma concentrations of the 2 @entity6400 suggests that the absorption of each was facilitated by the presence of inulin.

title: Influence of inulin on plasma @entity3093 concentrations in healthy postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Transcription of the @entity1178 gene is up-regulated by either @entity1968 (RA) or adenovirus E1A during the differentiation of F9 cells. We show here that RA and E1A induce phosphorylation of the @entity3493 ) during the differentiation of F9 cells. The region of E1A that is required for interaction with cellular protein @entity3493 overlaps with the region of E1A required for E1A to induce expression of the @entity1178 gene. Treatment of F9 cells with RA or infection of the cells by adenovirus led to a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of @entity3493 . Phosphatase treatment of @entity3493 from RA-treated or adenovirus-infected F9 cells reversed the changes in migration of @entity3493 , indicating that RA- and E1A-mediated changes in the mobility of @entity3493 were due to phosphorylation. We also found factors, designated @entity12611 and @entity12612 , that bound specifically to a sequence element that is necessary and sufficient for RA- and E1A-mediated up-regulation of the @entity1178 gene. The mobility of DRF complexes was changed by E1A or RA and the complexes were supershifted by addition of a polyclonal @entity3493 antiserum. Moreover, overexpression of @entity3493 resulted in an increase in the level of @entity12611 complex. @entity3493 fused to the DNA binding domain of the E2 protein of @entity1185 virus stimulated E2-dependent reporter activity in response to RA or E1A in F9 cells. Our results suggest that @entity3493 is part of the DRF complexes, that it is differentially phosphorylated in undifferentiated versus differentiated cells and that it is likely involved in regulating transcription of the @entity1178 gene during F9 cell differentiation.

title: Phosphorylation of the adenovirus E1A-associated 300 kDa protein in response to XXXX and E1A during the differentiation of F9 cells.

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 @entity7462 (hAH) provides nutrition and immunity within the anterior chamber of the eye. Characterization of the protein composition of hAH will identify molecules involved in maintaining a homeostatic environment for anterior segment tissues. The present study was conducted to analyze the proteome of hAH. METHODS: hAH samples obtained during elective @entity231 surgery were divided into three matched groups and immunodepleted of albumin, IgG, IgA, haploglobin, antitrypsin, and @entity69 . Reduced and denatured proteins (20  g) from each group were separated by gel electrophoresis. Thirty-three gel slices were excised from each of three gel lanes (n = 99), digested with trypsin, and subjected to nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The protein component of hAH was also analyzed by antibody-based protein arrays, and selected proteins were quantified. RESULTS: A total of 676 proteins were identified in hAH. Of the 355 proteins identified by nano-LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 , 206 were found in all three groups. Most of the proteins identified by nano-LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 had catalytic, enzymatic, and structural properties. Using antibody-based protein arrays, 328 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors were identified. Most of the quantified proteins had concentrations that ranged between 0.1 and 2.5 ng/mL. Ten proteins were identified by both nano-LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 and antibody protein arrays. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic analysis of hAH identified 676 nonredundant proteins. More than 80% of these proteins are novel identifications. The elucidation of the aqueous proteome will establish a foundation for protein function analysis and identification of differentially expressed markers associated with diseases of the anterior segment.

title: Proteome analysis of XXXX @entity7462 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: For non-palpable @entity75 detected radiographically alone, lumpectomy after needle-localization is currently performed. Specimen radiography provides an indirect proof of complete excision of the mammographic abnormality. Up to now, intraoperative mammography of the operated breast has not been possible. Digital intraoperative mammography is now possible with the ABBI-system, which will be introduced in this article. In a pilot study, we have investigated, whether it is possible to excise @entity189 with the ABBI stereotactic biopsy device (maximum diameter 20 mm) without compromising breast conserving therapy. In a prospective study, 69 @entity1 were diagnosed or treated using the ABBI-system. In all 60 @entity1 with a @entity75 , a cylindrical excision was performed. Of these, 11 invasive and 5 @entity3821 were diagnosed. 7 of the invasive and 2 of the @entity5 were treated with breast conserving surgery. In 9 cases, an in-breast recurrence was suspected. In 7 of these a cylindrical excision was performed. One invasive and 3 @entity3821 were found and mastectomy was performed in these four @entity1 . In two @entity1 with the suspicion of an in-breast recurrence, the ABBI-system was used to perform a core-needle biopsy. In one @entity1 , the biopsy finding was positive and mastectomy was performed. @entity1 with @entity75 close to the chest wall are not suited for the ABBI-system. The postoperative course was uneventful in all cases, the cosmetic result after breast-conserving therapy was very good. The advantages of this new method consist in the reliable stereotactic localization of suspicious @entity75 and in the fast intraoperative imaging.

title: [The ABBI system as a possibility for evaluating non-palpable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['small carcinomas']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['lesions']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate how body habitus affects reader confidence in diagnosing @entity697 and appendiceal visualization using 64 MDCT technology with and without oral contrast. We conducted a HIPAA compliant, IRB approved study of adult @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Department with nontraumatic @entity490 . Subjects were randomized to two groups: 64 MDCT scans performed with oral and intravenous contrast or scans performed solely with intravenous contrast. Three radiologists established their confidence about the presence of @entity698 as well as recording whether the appendix was visualized. Reader confidence in diagnosing @entity697 was compared between the two groups for the three readers. The impact of @entity1 BMI and estimated intra-abdominal fat on reader confidence in diagnosing @entity698 was determined. Finally, a comparison of the effect of BMI and intra-abdominal fat on appendiceal visualization between the two groups was carried out. Three hundred three @entity1 were enrolled in this study. There was a statistically significant difference in confidence based on BMI for reader 2, group 1 in diagnosing @entity698 . No further statistically significant differences in reader confidence for diagnosing @entity698 based on BMI or intra-abdominal fat were identified. There was no influence of BMI or intra-abdominal fat on appendiceal visualization. Increasing BMI was seen to improve reader confidence for one of three readers in @entity1 that received both oral and intravenous contrast. No further effects of BMI or intra-abdominal fat on confidence in diagnosing or excluding @entity698 were seen. Neither BMI nor intra-abdominal fat were seen to influence appendiceal visualization.

title: Influence of body habitus and use of oral contrast on reader confidence in XXXX with suspected @entity697 using 64 MDCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) is synthesized within the developing kidney and may play a crucial role in the regulation of renal hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to establish the expression and intrarenal localization of the NO-synthesizing enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) during kidney development. @entity35 kidneys from 14 (E14)-, 16 ( @entity23852 )-, 18 (E18)-, and 20-day-old (E20) fetuses and 1 (P1)-, 3 (P3)-, 7 (P7)-, 14 (P14)-, and 21-day-old (P21) pups were processed for immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis. In fetal kidneys, expression of eNOS was first observed in the endothelial cells of the undifferentiated intrarenal capillary network at E14. At @entity23852 , strong eNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the endothelial cells of renal vesicles, S-shaped bodies (stage II glomeruli), and stage III glomeruli at the corticomedullary junction. At E18-20, early-stage developing glomeruli located in the subcapsular region showed less strong eNOS immunoreactivity than those of @entity23852 . The eNOS-positive immature glomeruli were observed in the nephrogenic zone until 7 days after birth. In fetal kidneys, eNOS was also expressed in the medulla in the endothelial cells of the capillaries surrounding medullary collecting ducts. After birth, eNOS immunostaining gradually increased in the developing vascular bundles and peritubular capillaries in the medulla and was highest at P21. Surprisingly, eNOS was also expressed in proximal tubules, in the endocytic vacuolar apparatus, only at P1. The strong expression of eNOS in the early stages of developing glomeruli and vasculature suggests that eNOS may play a role in regulating renal hemodynamics of the immature kidney.

title: Expression of endothelial @entity842 synthase in developing XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Levels of several neuropeptides were measured in the frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, striatum, and amygdala/pyriform cortex in @entity35 kindled for 5 weeks by daily injection of @entity5093 (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Significantly increased concentrations (by 30 - 140%) were found in all examined brain areas for @entity11095 Y, @entity1943 (except hippocampus) and neurokinin-like immunoreactivity 10 days after the last kindling session. Similar but less pronounced changes were also found 24 h after the last @entity410 . The increase in total neurokinin-like immunoreactivity was due to a marked increase in @entity16423 as revealed by HPLC analysis. Increases in peptide levels, however, were restricted to fully kindled animals. At the same time no changes in levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and @entity4655 gene-regulated peptide were observed. Cholecystokinin octapeptide was enhanced only in the hippocampus (by 46%). The increases in @entity11095 Y, @entity1943 , and neurokinin-like immunoreactivity subsided after 3 months. A markedly decreased @entity410 threshold was observed 10 days and 2 months after the final kindling session. No nerve cell degeneration was observed in kindled @entity35 24 h or 10 days after the last @entity5093 injection. Some animals (2 of 4), however, exhibited signs of blood - brain barrier damage when examined 24 h after the last kindling session which may reflect the preceding @entity410 . No such changes were detected after 10 days. The increases in peptide levels may suggest increased activity of respective neurons which, at least to some degree, may be associated with @entity1246 . The changes in peptide levels may be more closely related to the kindling procedure itself than to the decreased @entity410 threshold of the animals.

title: @entity11095 Levels after @entity5093 Kindling in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: We have evaluated @entity6727 (CFIX) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity281 . The results were summarized as follows. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single doses of 1.5 mg and 6.0 mg per kg body weight in a cross-over design in 1 @entity1 were as follows: The peak serum CFIX concentrations were 0.65 microgram/ml at 2 to 3 hours and 3.33 micrograms/ml at 4 hours for the low and the high doses, respectively; the respective biological half-lives were 2.4 hours and 2.5 hours, and urinary recovery was 10.3% at 8 hours and 5.2% at 12 hours, respectively. A clinical study was performed on 19 @entity1 with @entity281 , including 7 with @entity3617 ; 3 each with @entity5389 , UTI, and cervical @entity3298 ; and 1 each with @entity7551 , @entity3298 , and @entity1681 . Doses ranging from 1.8 to 7.8 mg/kg body weight were given b.i.d. or t.i.d. The period of treatment ranged from 3 to 13 days. The therapeutic response was considered "excellent" in 15 and "good" in 4, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects were observed. The only abnormal laboratory findings was a slight elevation of GOT and @entity3007 recorded in 1 @entity1 . It was concluded that CFIX was a promising drug for the treatment of @entity2348 in @entity1 .

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on XXXX in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['retroauricular lymphadenitis', 'lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity6727 :: (MESH:D020682,Chemical) :: ['cefixime']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of transurethral ablative prostatectomy (TURAPY), a radiofrequency method of thermal tissue ablation of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 , ages 55 to 81 years (mean, 67), with symptomatic @entity1067 and with peak flow rate 12 mL/s or less, were treated with the TURAPY device (Direx Medical Systems). A 2 cm long heating element and 2 thermoprobes (for simultaneous prostatic temperature monitoring) are mounted on a Foley-like catheter and used for TURAPY treatment administration. This TURAPY catheter was modified by placing an extra set of thermoprobes in the sphincter region to allow sphincteric temperature monitoring. The treatment was administered at a maximum temperature of 70 degrees to 75 degrees C for 1 hour under local anesthesia as a day case. RESULTS: All 20 @entity1 completed the treatment. The maximum recorded rectal temperature was 39.5 degrees C. The maximum sphincter temperature was not allowed to exceed 42 degrees C. The post-treatment morbidity included @entity3833 and minor @entity548 in 12 @entity1 . Three @entity1 developed @entity293 requiring antibiotic treatment. All 20 @entity1 were followed up 3 months after treatment. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) improved from 19.4 to 6.2 (68%), the mean peak flow rate increased from 7.9 to 12.9 mL/s (63%), and the mean postvoid residue decreased from 222 to 81 mL (64%). Overall, 80% of @entity1 exhibited at least a 50% improvement in either the IPSS or the peak flow rate. There was a mean reduction in prostatic volume measured by transrectal ultrasound of 14 mL (29% reduction). The subjective and objective improvements, in 8 @entity1 followed up 6 months after treatment, have been maintained. There was extensive @entity39 of periurethral tissue with sparing of subcapsular tissue in prostate biopsy specimens taken from 1 @entity1 5 days after treatment. There was endoscopic and sonographic evidence of canalization of the obstructed prostatic urethra 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the TURAPY device was found to be safe, feasible, and effective in improving both subjective and objective measurements of benign @entity1069 in this pilot study on 20 @entity1 .

title: A radiofrequency method of thermal tissue ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['urethral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative heat necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiosensitizing effect of normobaric @entity26 breathing in radiotherapy for advanced @entity135 . Forty seven @entity1 with advanced @entity957 of the head and neck (7% in Stage III and 93% in Stage IV) were entered in the study. Breathing the pure, normobaric @entity26 was given for 15-20 min in the treatment room. Irradiation started immediately after @entity26 breathing. Conventional, megavoltage radiotherapy to the total doses in the range of 46-67.5 Gy was used. The control group was 46 @entity1 with the same diagnosis and stage treated by radiotherapy alone. @entity5 control was 36% in the study group compared to 15% in the control (p < 0.05). Mean survival time was 15.8 and 11.8 months, and 3-year survival was 19% and 2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Survival depended on total @entity5 dose and total nodal dose. No significant influence of the @entity5 location on local control and importance of the size of dose per fraction and overall treatment time were found. The most common failure in both groups was persistent @entity5 . Mean recurrence time was 5 months in the study group and 8 months in the control. Present results suggest that the use of normobaric @entity26 breathing prior to irradiation could increase effectiveness of conventional radiotherapy for advanced @entity957 of head and neck.

title: Normobaric XXXX as a sensitizer in radiotherapy for advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Locoregional tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Therapy with exogenous surfactants is currently used for the treatment of @entity649 of the newborn (RDS) and is under investigation for treatments related to @entity4290 . However, the possible use of exogenous surfactant as a means of enhancing mucus clearance in other @entity1576 has not been addressed. We therefore studied the effects of an artificial surfactant (Curosurf) on in vivo tracheal mucus velocity in intubated @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity235 . Five @entity235 were randomly administered, on separate occasions, either vehicle (saline) or 10 mg Curosurf by means of local instillation via a catheter into the right lung. Tracheal mucus was collected by inserting a soft-bristled cytology brush to the level of the carina, and analysed for viscoelasticity by microrheometry. Mucociliary clearability in vivo, tracheal mucus velocity ( @entity21104 ) in mm.min-1, was determined by bronchoscopic observation of charcoal marker particle transit times. The initial placement of charcoal was at the same level of the lower @entity825 that mucus was collected from. The effect of ciliary beat frequency was assessed on the frog palate assay by a videoscopic technique. In the @entity235 , @entity21104 was significantly increased after administration of surfactant. The values of @entity21104 in the vehicle- and surfactant-treated @entity235 were 6.3 +/- 4.0 vs 25.6 +/- 6.5 mm.min-1 (SD), respectively. There were no discernible differences between prevehicle and postvehicle @entity21104 values, and no significant differences in any mucus viscoelastic parameter, as determined by magnetic rheometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exogenous surfactant enhances mucociliary clearance in the anaesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The risk of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity31 is related to the duration and extent of disease. Prior reports have suggested that @entity1 with onset of disease in childhood have a high risk of @entity5 . These risk factors were analyzed in 99 @entity1 in a surveillance program of annual colonoscopy to detect @entity33 . All @entity1 had pancolitis for at least eight years. The mean age at symptom onset was 23.2 years and the mean duration of disease at entry was 17 years. An average of 4.2 tests/ @entity1 were performed, and 91% were completely followed through 1985. @entity5 risk was expressed as the hazard rate or the annual probability that a @entity1 free of @entity5 would develop @entity5 after survival to a given time period. The hazard rate for high-grade @entity1141 or @entity5 in @entity1 with pancolitis measured from symptom onset was 2.5% at 20 years, 4% at 25 years, 7% at 30 years, 13% at 35 years, and 20% at 40 years. Sex was not a significant predictor of @entity5 , but older age at symptom onset was a predictor of @entity1141 and @entity5 . From these data, the annual hazard rate of developing high-grade @entity1141 or @entity5 can be estimated in @entity1 with pancolitis based on an individual's age at symptom onset and duration of disease.

title: Hazard rates for XXXX and @entity5 in @entity31 . Results from a surveillance program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: In this study, we examined differences in inpatient costs, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality between hospitalizations for @entity1 with and without @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) undergoing high-volume surgical procedures. We used Clinical Classification Software (CCS) codes to identify discharges in the 2002-2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for @entity1 who had undergone either cholecystectomy or hip replacement. We limited the non- @entity3458 cohort to hospitals where @entity1 with @entity3458 had undergone the same procedure. We compared inpatient outcomes using summary statistics and generalized linear regression analysis to adjust for @entity1 , hospital, and procedural characteristics. Overall, the median age of surgical @entity1 with @entity3458 was more than three decades less than the median age of @entity1 without @entity3458 undergoing the same procedure. In recognition of the age disparity, we limited the analyses to @entity1 aged 18 to 64 years. Nonetheless, @entity1 with @entity3458 undergoing cholecystectomy or hip replacement were 12.1 and 14.4 years younger, had inpatient stays that were 73% and 82% longer, and incurred costs that were 46% and 40% higher per discharge than @entity1 without @entity3458 , respectively. Inpatient mortality for these procedures was low, approximately 0.6% for cholecystectomy and 0.2% for hip replacement and did not differ significantly between @entity1 with and without @entity3458 . Multivariable regression analyses revealed that higher inpatient costs among @entity1 with @entity3458 were primarily attributable to longer hospital stays. @entity1 with @entity3458 who underwent cholecystectomy or hip replacement required more health care resources than @entity1 without @entity3458 . Am. J. Hematol. 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Outcomes of inpatients with and without XXXX after high-volume surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro, the majority of clinically non-functioning @entity977 (NFPAs) produce gonadotropins or their alpha-subunit; however, in vivo, measurements of alpha-subunit levels may not accurately detect the hypersecretion of the alpha-subunit. AIM: We wanted to estimate the reference intervals and decision limits for gonadotropin alpha-subunit, LH and FSH levels, and aratio (alpha-subunit/LH+FSH), especially taking into consideration @entity1 gender and menstrual status. Furthermore, we wanted to examine if the diagnostic utility of alpha-subunit hypersecretion was improved when the alpha-ratios, rather than simply the alpha-subunit levels, were measured in @entity1 with NFPAs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reference intervals for gonadotropin alpha-subunit serum levels and alpha-ratios were established in 231 healthy adults. The estimated cut-off limits were applied to 37 @entity1 with NFPAs. Gonadotropin alpha-subunit, LH and FSH levels were measured and alpha-ratios were calculated. RESULTS: In healthy adults, the cut-offs for alpha-subunit levels were significantly different between @entity1 and pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 : the cut-offs were 1.10, 0.48 and 3.76 IU/l, respectively. Using these estimated cut-offs, increased alpha-subunit levels were identified in 10 out of 37 (27%) @entity1 with NFPAs. By adding alpha-ratio, in combination with alpha-subunit levels, 23 @entity1 out of 37 (62%) were identified as having elevated alpha-subunit hypersecretion, and 22 out of these 23 @entity1 (96%) had increased alpha-ratios. One premenopausal @entity1 out of 23 had elevated alpha-subunit level but a normal alpha-ratio. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that adding the simple calculation of alpha-ratio improves the ability of detecting gonadotropin alpha-subunit hypersecretion and thereby indentifying @entity1 with NFPAs.

title: Hypersecretion of the alpha-subunit in clinically non-functioning XXXX : Diagnostic accuracy is improved by adding alpha-subunit/gonadotropin ratio to levels of alpha-subunit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that supplementation of adult @entity1 with @entity4259 -enriched @entity375 (SY) was protective against @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and also reduced oxidative stress and levels of prostate-specific antigen. Here, we determined the effect of SY supplementation on global serum protein expression in healthy @entity1 to provide new insights into the mechanism of @entity4259 chemoprevention; such proteins may also serve as biomarkers of disease progression. METHODS: Serum samples from 36 adult @entity1 were obtained from our previous SY clinical trial, 9 months after supplementation with either SY (247 microg/d; n = 17) or placebo (nonenriched @entity375 ; n = 19). RESULTS: Proteomic profiling using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a total of 1,496 candidate proteins, of which, 11 were differentially expressed in the SY group as compared with placebo. Eight proteins were upregulated [clusterin isoform 1 ( @entity4716 ), transthyretin, @entity12191 , @entity69 , complement component 4B proprotein, @entity9275 dehydrogenase, @entity2104 ] and three proteins were downregulated [ @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ), angiotensin precursor, and albumin precursor] by SY. All of the identified proteins were redox-sensitive or involved in the regulation of redox status. Because both @entity6417 and @entity4716 have been previously linked to @entity263 development, their identities were confirmed by two-dimensional Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity6417 and @entity4716 as potential candidate proteins involved in the mechanism of @entity263 prevention by SY. Collectively, proteins identified in this study might serve as potential new biomarkers for monitoring and comparing responses to @entity4259 -based chemopreventive agents. IMPACT: Proteomic analysis of serum might be useful for the early detection and monitoring efficacy of chemopreventive agents.

title: @entity4259 -responsive proteins in the sera of @entity4259 -enriched XXXX -supplemented healthy African American and Caucasian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6417 :: ('5265', 'Gene') :: ['AAT', 'alpha-1 antitrypsin']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity2104 :: ('3240', 'Gene') :: ['haptoglobin, and keratin 1']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity12191 :: ('1', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-1B-glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']