abstract: @entity19 responded to lipopolysaccharide ( @entity1990 ) with a dose-dependent, monophasic @entity2332 reaching a maximum at 2 h postinjection. Degraded polysaccharide was not active; free @entity3275 , however, induced a similar pattern of @entity2332 , indicating that the hypothermic principle of @entity1990 was embedded within the @entity3275 component. The hypothermic response of @entity19 to @entity1990 was modified by prior exposure of the host to @entity1990 . This altered reactivity was manifested by refractory periods (early and late tolerance), in which animals no longer responded with @entity2332 , or a hyperreactive phase ( @entity56 ), in which hypothermic responses were greatly augmented upon @entity1990 challenge. Thus, tolerance observed 24 h after a single injection of @entity1990 (early tolerance) was followed, on further @entity1990 challenge, by an enhanced hypothermic responses reaching a maximum on day 4. Further daily exposure of the animals to @entity1990 eliminated @entity6587 and led to the establishment of a late tolerance maximally expressed on day 8. Hyperreactivity could also be evoked on day 4 after a single injection of @entity1990 . @entity19 pretreated with @entity5746 S- and R-form @entity1990 or free @entity3275 ( @entity5746 ) demonstrated tolerance and @entity6587 to both homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, complete cross-tolerance was observed with S-form @entity1990 derived from Shigella. It was concluded that the differential effects of @entity1990 on host responses (tolerance and @entity6587 ) were due to @entity3275 .

title: @entity3275 -induced tolerance and @entity6587 to @entity2332 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) account for 10% to 15% of all @entity7026 . Since the first case published by Woimant et al. in 1982, many type V @entity2457 , i.e. with spinal venous drainage, have been reported. Fistulas located at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) however, are exceptional and only 10 cases of CCJ fistulas associated with @entity602 have been described. CASE REPORT: The authors present a 36-year-old male @entity1 without previous medical history, suffering from acute @entity602 . Cervical MRI showed multiple serpiginous flow-voids along the cord surface and cerebral angiography disclosed a dural @entity292 of the CCJ fed by the right posterior meningeal and occipital arteries. The venous drainage was directed caudally towards the perimedullary veins. Embolization through the occipital artery, using @entity3080 , was performed and resulted in complete cure of the @entity600 with rapid clinical recovery. DISCUSSION: The authors discuss the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of intracranial @entity2457 with @entity602 (named V, m+), that are usually identical to those of spinal dural fistulas and related to @entity101 . Early treatment is essential to reverse the @entity1 's @entity602 . Embolization, if technically possible, is the preferred treatment and @entity3080 remains the best embolic agent. Following glue deposition, systemic high-dose @entity230 should be administered to prevent @entity4 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this is the first case of @entity2457 of the foramen magnum causing @entity602 to be detected early and cured by glue embolization alone, with rapid and total clinical recovery.

title: [An unusual cause of acute @entity602 : a dural arteriovenous XXXX at the craniocervical junction].

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['DAVF', 'Dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Assuming that the dose-response curve for T3N0M0 @entity189 is steep and that the rate of occult lymph node @entity3 is low, it should be possible to employ high biological @entity5 doses to modest target volumes and thereby maximise laryngeal control without compromising final neck control. Within the constraints of a retrospective study we aim to examine this policy with respect to local control, incidence of nodal relapse and late complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with T3N0M0 @entity189 who received a 3-week schedule of radical radiotherapy between 1986 and 1994 were analysed. The median age was 67 years (range, 34-85 years) and the median follow-up for living @entity1 was 4.8 years (1.9-8.9 years). There were no strict selection criteria for those @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival was 54%. The 5-year local control with radiotherapy and the ultimate loco-regional control following salvage laryngectomy were 68 and 80%, respectively. Nine @entity1 (8%) suffered a regional nodal relapse but only three of these (3% overall) occurred in the absence of local failure. Four @entity1 (3.5%) developed serious late complications requiring surgical intervention (three received 55 Gy and one 52.5 Gy). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to employ maximum tolerable doses to specific target volumes and thereby exploit the dose response demonstrated and minimise major late effects. The use of modest target volumes resulted in only 3% of @entity1 requiring surgery that might have been avoided had prophylactic neck irradiation been employed.

title: Definitive radiotherapy for 114 cases of T3N0 XXXX : influence of dose-volume parameters on outcome.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: Agitation and @entity146 are common after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and can hamper recovery and rehabilitative efforts. To date, there is no consensus on pharmaceutical intervention for these conditions after @entity131 . @entity1280 has been reported efficacious in this population but the evidence is limited. The authors report their experience of using @entity1280 to treat posttraumatic @entity1545 @entity2146 in 20 consecutive pediatric @entity1 . A secondary objective of this case series was to attempt to establish an age-specific dosage and identify possible side effects of this medication. METHODS: This case series study was performed at a university hospital and pediatric @entity130 center. Over an 18-month period, all @entity1 who presented to the pediatric intensive care unit with @entity131 and later developed @entity2146 and/or @entity146 were treated with @entity1280 as the sole intervention. Pre- and posttreatment scores on the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) were recorded along with demographic data. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 received @entity1280 for @entity2146 and/or @entity146 during the immediate recovery period from @entity131 . The median @entity1 age was 8 years (range 9 months-17 years). @entity1 were stratified into 4 age groups: <2 years old (Group 1), 2-6 years old (Group 2), 7-12 years old (Group 3), and >or=13 years old (Group 4). The SAS score, before and 24 hours after the initiation of @entity1280 , demonstrated a significant reduction after initiation of the medication (p<0.001). The initial dose for Groups 1-4 was 1.7, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively, with final doses of 1.8, 1.5, 1.7, and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The duration of therapy for Groups 1-4 was 5, 8, 6, and 3 days, respectively. All @entity1 received continuous cardiac and blood-pressure monitoring. No adverse events were reported in any of the age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this limited @entity1 series, @entity1280 appears to be safe and effective in pediatric @entity1 with closed @entity542 who develop @entity2146 and/or @entity146 in the immediate postinjury period. @entity1280 consistently lowered SAS scores and did so in all age groups. There were minimal dose adjustments and the duration of therapy was relatively brief. No adverse events were reported. A prospective trial of @entity1280 in this population appears warranted.

title: XXXX after @entity131 in the pediatric population treated with @entity1280 . Clinical article.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone', 'Ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Agitation and/or aggression']


abstract: Psoriasis is a complex disorder that negatively impacts quality of life. Treatment strategies must address both psychosocial and physical aspects of the disease. Psoriasis can be categorized into localized and generalized forms for treatment purposes. In either case, the treatment plan should include obtaining rapid control of the disease and maintaining that control. For localized disease, recent data support the combined use of topical corticosteroids with a noncorticosteroid agent (topical @entity2116 or @entity555 ). For generalized disease, UVB phototherapy is an effective treatment that permits both rapid control and long-term maintenance. Use of low doses of @entity14028 (25mg qd or qod) potentiates both UVB and PUVA therapy. For @entity1 unresponsive to phototherapy or who are not able to come on a regular basis, @entity1499 is an effective alternative. @entity205 is useful, especially for short-term use in settings of acute exacerbation, but should be replaced by other modalities for long-term maintenance. Other agents that have a place in treatment of generalized @entity1569 include @entity1862 and @entity618 .

title: Advances in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity555 :: ('MESH:C086827', 'Chemical') :: ['tazarotene']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriene']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 activity in the early post-traumatic period following @entity542 may cause @entity75 as a result of increased metabolic demands, raised intracranial pressure and excess neurotransmitter release. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of prophylactic anti- @entity302 agents for acute @entity542 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group specialised register, MEDLINE and the registers of the Cochrane @entity64 Group and Cochrane @entity302 Group. We contacted pharmaceutical companies who manufacture anti- @entity302 agents, the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 , @entity302 , and the United States' National Institute of Health. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials of anti- @entity302 agents, in which study @entity1 had a clinically defined acute @entity542 of any severity. Trials in which the intervention was started more than eight weeks after injury were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the trial quality. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for each trial on an intention-to-treat basis, which included pre-drug loading exclusions. As long as statistical heterogeneity did not exist, for dichotomous data, summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed effects model. Where the source of heterogeneity could obviously be related to allocation concealment, drug type, or drug dose, we stratified the analyses on that dimension. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 10 eligible randomised controlled trials, including 2036 @entity1 , but data was unavailable for four unpublished trials, representing 631 @entity1 and they were excluded. For the remaining six trials, the pooled relative risk (RR) for early @entity410 prevention was 0.34 (95%CI 0.21, 0.54); based on this estimate, for every 100 @entity1 treated, 10 would be kept @entity410 free in the first week. @entity410 control in the acute phase was not accompanied by a reduction in mortality (RR = 1.15; 95%CI 0.89, 1.51), a @entity16 (RR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.06, 2.08 for @entity2049 and RR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.72, 1.26 for @entity3174 ) or a @entity410 (pooled RR = 1.28; 95%CI 0.90, 1.81). The pooled relative risk for @entity1910 was 1.57 (95%CI 0.57, 39.88). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic anti- @entity302 are effective in reducing early @entity410 , but there is no evidence that treatment with prophylactic anti- @entity302 reduces the occurrence of late @entity410 , or has any effect on @entity204 and @entity16 . Insufficient evidence is available to establish the net benefit of prophylactic treatment at any time after injury.

title: WITHDRAWN: Antiepileptic drugs for preventing XXXX following acute traumatic brain injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure', 'seizures', 'reduction in late seizures']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['secondary brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability', 'reduction in death and neurological disability', 'Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury', 'traumatic head injury']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epilepsy Division', 'Epilepsy', 'epileptics']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: Short forms (SF) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale have been developed to enhance its practicality. However, only a few studies have addressed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R) SFs based on data from @entity1 with @entity161 . The current study was conducted to develop the WAIS-R SFs for these @entity1 based on the intelligence structure and predictability of the Full IQ (FIQ). Relations to demographic and clinical variables were also examined on selecting plausible subtests. The WAIS-R was administered to 90 Japanese @entity1 with @entity161 . Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were conducted to find potential subtests. EFA extracted two dominant factors corresponding to Verbal IQ and Performance IQ measures. Subtests with higher factor loadings on those factors were initially nominated. Regression analysis was carried out to reach the model containing all the nominated subtests. The optimality of the potential subtests included in that model was evaluated from the perspectives of the representativeness of intelligence structure, FIQ predictability, and the relation with demographic and clinical variables. Taken together, the dyad of Vocabulary and Block Design was considered to be the most optimal WAIS-R SF for @entity1 with @entity161 , reflecting both intelligence structure and FIQ predictability.

title: Development of brief versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for XXXX : considerations of the structure and predictability of intelligence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce a modified Sakakibara classification system for a @entity1756 . METHODS: From February 1, 2006, to January 31, 2012, surgical repair was performed on 159 @entity1 with a @entity1756 at Fu Wai Hospital. Of the 159 @entity1 , 105 were @entity1 and 54 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 33.4      10.7 years. The @entity1 were divided into 5 types according to the site of the @entity1756 rupture. The 5 types were as follows: type I, @entity397 into the right ventricle just beneath the pulmonary valve (n  =  66); type II, @entity397 into or just beneath the crista supraventricularis of the right ventricle (n  =  17); type III, @entity397 into the right atrium (type IIIa, n  =  21) or right ventricle (type IIIv, n  =  6) near or at the tricuspid annulus; type IV, @entity397 into the right atrium (n  =  46); and type V, other rare conditions, such as @entity397 into the left atrium, left ventricle, or pulmonary artery (n  =  3). RESULTS: Repair of @entity1756 through aortotomy was used in 100% of those with type V and 50% of those with type IIIv. In most @entity1 with types I, II, and IV, repair was achieved through the cardiac chamber of the fistula exit (71.2%, 64.7%, and 69.6%, respectively). Both routes of repair were used in 76.2% of @entity1 with type IIIa. No early and late @entity204 occurred. The aortic valve was replaced in 33 @entity1 . One @entity1 (type IV) underwent reoperation for a residual shunt during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The modified classification system for @entity1756 is simple and practical for clinical use.

title: Modified Sakakibara classification system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1088 is currently the treatment of choice for neuroleptic-resistant @entity161 . @entity1037 is a new antipsychotic drug that has shown efficacy against positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 , with minimal extrapyramidal side effects. However, the effectiveness of @entity1037 has not yet been reported among treatment-refractory @entity161 @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 25 @entity161 @entity1 (DSM-IV criteria) with documented lack of response to two conventional antipsychotic drugs entered this 6-week prospective, open-label treatment trial with @entity1037 15 to 25 mg/day. An optional extension up to 6 months was provided. RESULTS: As a group, the @entity1037 -treated @entity1 showed statistically significant improvement (p < .05) in both positive and negative symptoms by the end of 6 weeks of therapy. Overall, 9 of the @entity1 (36%) met the a priori criteria for treatment-response (> or = 35% decrease in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS] total score, plus posttreatment Clinical Global Impression-Severity < or = 3 or BPRS total < 18). Only one @entity1 discontinued treatment because of an adverse event during the study. Despite the relatively high dosages of @entity1037 used, there were no reports of @entity304 , @entity2146 , or @entity3519 , and no patients required anticholinergic medication. CONCLUSION: This open study suggests that @entity1037 may be effective and well tolerated for a substantial number of neuroleptic-resistant @entity161 @entity1 . Further blinded, controlled trials are needed to confirm our results.

title: @entity1037 in treatment-refractory @entity161 : results of an open-label study. The Spanish Group for the Study of @entity1037 in Treatment-Refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2332 remains a promising neuroprotective strategy. There has been recent interest in its use in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). In this article, we describe our extended single center experience using intravascular @entity2332 for the treatment of cervical @entity1566 . METHODS: Thirty-five acute cervical @entity1566 @entity1 received modest (33     C) intravascular @entity2332 for 48   h. Neurological outcome was assessed by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of @entity1566 scale (ISNCSCI) developed by the American @entity3510 Association. @entity149 were recorded. RESULTS: All @entity1 were complete ISNCSCI A on admission, but four converted to ISNCSCI B in <24   h post injury. @entity2332 was delivered in 5.76 (  0.45) hours from injury if we exclude four cases with delayed admission (>18   h). Fifteen of total 35 @entity1 (43%) improved at least one ISNCSCI grade at latest follow up 10.07 (  1.03) months. Even excluding those @entity1 who converted from ISNCSCI A within 24   h, 35.5% (11 out of 31) improved at least one ISNCSCI grade. Both retrospective (n=14) and prospective (n=21) groups revealed similar number of @entity1576 . The overall risk of any @entity1031 complication was 14.2%. CONCLUSION: The results are promising in terms of safety and improvement in neurological outcome. To date, the study represents the largest study cohort of cervical @entity1566 @entity1 treated by modest @entity2332 . A multi-center, randomized study is needed to determine if systemic @entity2332 should be a part of @entity1566 @entity1 ' treatment for whom few options exist.

title: @entity2332 in XXXX : a case-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Local and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['acute cervical spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity3147 is a frequent finding in hospitalized @entity1 and is associated with an increased risk of subsequent in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Both prevalence and prognostic relevance of preexisting @entity3147 in @entity1 referred to nephrology wards for @entity810 ( @entity810 ) are still unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that @entity3147 is frequent in such clinical setting, and is associated with excess in-hospital morbidity and mortality. A prospective cohort of 309 @entity1 admitted to a renal intermediate care unit during a 42-mo period with @entity810 diagnosis was studied. @entity1 with @entity3147 were identified at admission by the Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status method (SGA); nutritional status was also evaluated by anthropometric, biochemical, and immunologic parameters. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and morbidity, and use of health care resources. In-hospital mortality was 39% (120 of 309); renal replacement therapies (hemodialysis or continuous hemofiltration) were performed in 67% of @entity1 (206 of 309); APACHE II score was 23.1+/-8.2 (range, 10 to 52). Severe @entity3147 by SGA was found in 42% of @entity1 with @entity810 ; anthropometric, biochemical, and immunologic nutritional indexes were significantly reduced in this group compared with @entity1 with normal nutritional status. Severely malnourished @entity1 , as compared to @entity1 with normal nutritional status, had significantly increased morbidity for @entity295 (odds ratio [OR] 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 5.42, P < 0.001), @entity326 (OR 4.05; 95% CI, 1.46 to 11.28, P < 0.01), @entity548 (OR 2.98; 95% CI, 1.45 to 6.13, P < 0.01), @entity432 (OR 5.57; 95% CI, 1.57 to 19.74, P < 0.01), @entity943 (OR 2.29; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.85, P < 0.01), @entity1455 (OR 4.39; 95% CI, 1.83 to 10.55, P < .001), and @entity1576 with mechanical ventilation need (OR 3.35; 95% CI, 3.35 to 8.74, P < 0.05). Hospital length of stay was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the presence of severe @entity3147 was associated with a significant increase of in-hospital mortality (OR 7.21; 95% CI, 4.08 to 12.73, P < 0.001). Preexisting @entity3147 was a statistically significant, independent predictor of in-hospital mortality at multivariable logistic regression analysis both with comorbidities (OR 2.02; 95% CI, 1.50 to 2.71, P < 0.001), and with comorbidities and complications (OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.89, P < 0.001). @entity3147 is highly prevalent among @entity810 @entity1 and increases the likelihood of in-hospital death, complications, and use of health care resources.

title: Prevalence and clinical outcome associated with preexisting XXXX in @entity810 : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmia']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: A case of @entity451 in @entity244 associated with @entity2406 is reported. In this 49-year-old @entity1 @entity426 and @entity4841 developed at the age of 23 years and progressed chronically. On neurologic examination, supranuclear paresis of facial nerve was observed. Deep tendon reflexes were @entity2915 in the jaw, upper and lower extremities. Serological tests showed that anti-nuclear, anti-RNP, and anti- @entity6540 antibodies were positive. Spinal fluid analysis showed that rate of de novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG synthesis was increased, and C3/C4 ratio was elevated. CT scans of the brain showed calcifications at bilateral basal ganglia, dentate nucleus and cerebellar vermis. An electroencephalogram revealed @entity73 , and 123I-IMP brain scans revealed @entity551 . MRI of brainstem and cervical cord were normal. These findings suggested that corticospinal tracts upper the brainstem were severely affected, and that there were multifocal latent lesions in the CNS. Mechanisms of the CNS involvement were supposed to be both @entity792 in the CNS, and @entity455 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity244 associated with @entity2406 ( @entity2406 )--a case report].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular impairment']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse slowing']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactive']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune abnormality']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cerebral blood flow']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['Spastic paraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 who develop @entity3 from soft tissue @entity242 have a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to identify metastatic survival rates and identify prognostic variables that predict for these outcomes. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2010, 182 @entity1 with stage I to IV primary soft tissue @entity242 of the extremity and trunk were treated with multimodality treatment. Fifty-five @entity1 developed or presented with @entity3 . We retrospectively analyzed prognostic factors for metastatic survival. Metastatic survival between groups was compared with the log-rank test. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier plots. Multivariate analysis was performed using the @entity797 proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3.1 years. Median metastatic survival was 24.2 months. Median metastatic survival in those undergoing multimodality therapies was 40 versus 22 months in those receiving single modality treatments. In single predictor @entity797 models, age, stage, number of lung @entity3 , location of @entity3 , and @entity66 were significant for metastatic survival. On multivariate analysis, number of pulmonary @entity3 , histology, stage, and location of @entity66 predicted for metastatic survival. @entity1 who had @entity358 had improved metastatic survival versus those that had extrapulmonary with or without pulmonary @entity3 (38 vs. 15 mo). @entity1 who had  <=5 pulmonary @entity3 had improved metastatic survival versus those that had >5 pulmonary lesions (55 vs. 22 mo). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis shows that >5 pulmonary @entity3 , malignant @entity82 histology, @entity5 , and proximal lower extremity @entity242 are associated with decreased metastatic survival. Moreover, aggressive multimodality management of @entity3 may prolong metastatic survival.

title: Multimodality management of metastatic @entity1 with soft tissue XXXX may prolong survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-only disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) constitute a heterogeneous group of @entity179 involving @entity409 . The genes responsible for many types of AR-HSPs remain unknown. We attempted to identify the gene responsible for @entity9718 with @entity1952 and @entity16 . METHODS: The present study involved two @entity1 in a consanguineous Japanese family. Neurologic examination and DNA analysis were performed for both @entity1 , and a skin biopsy for one. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis involving single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, copy-number variation analysis, and exome sequencing. To clarify the mitochondrial functional alteration resulting from the identified mutation, we performed immunoblot analysis, mitochondrial protein synthesis assaying, blue native @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) analysis, and respiratory enzyme activity assaying of cultured fibroblasts of the @entity1 and a control. RESULTS: We identified a homozygous nonsense mutation ( @entity43180 , @entity43181 ) in @entity43182 in the two @entity1 in this family. This @entity43182 mutation was not found in 74 Japanese @entity9718 index @entity1 without any mutations in previously known HSP genes. This mutation resulted in marked reduction of mitochondrial protein synthesis, followed by functional and structural defects in respiratory complexes I and IV. CONCLUSIONS: This novel nonsense mutation in @entity43182 could cause @entity9718 with @entity1952 and @entity16 , resulting in a premature stop codon. The truncated @entity43182 protein must lead to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis and a reduction in the respiratory complex enzyme activity. Thus, dysfunction of mitochondrial translation could be one of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HSPs.

title: A homozygous mutation of @entity43182 causes spastic paraplegia with @entity1952 and XXXX ( @entity43182 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['AR-HSP', 'Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal tracts dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: One hundred eighty-two @entity1 undergoing initial surgical therapy for primary @entity320 were evaluated for delayed @entity56 using a battery of recall antigens prior to surgery. Fifty-six @entity1 were also sensitized with @entity14823 . All @entity5 were classified by Clark-Mihm levels and the @entity1 were clinically staged. They were followed up for an average period of 55 months. There was no significant difference in the ability of @entity1 with varied Clark-Mihm level lesions to mount a delayed @entity56 or to @entity14823 . Thirteen @entity320 @entity1 in whom recurrence developed at a distant site exhibited no difference in immune responsiveness when compared to 148 @entity1 in whom recurrence did not develop when both groups were tested with recall antigens. No difference was noted in @entity1 with @entity34 in whom recurrence developed, as measured by reaction to these same antigens. Twelve @entity1 demonstrated anergy to recall antigens, in none of whom has recurrence developed to date. Fifty-six @entity1 who were tested with @entity14823 showed no difference in reactivity with @entity5 classified at any of the Clark-Mihm levels. Anergy demonstrated by delayed @entity56 skin testing appears to reflect increasing @entity5 burden, rather than a preexisting deficiency that can be used to predict @entity1 at high risk for the development of recurrent disease.

title: @entity320 . XXXX skin testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14823 :: ('CHEBI:34718', 'Chemical') :: ['2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity response to the recall battery', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['stage I melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Delayed hypersensitivity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Research on families coping with pediatric @entity102 has established that @entity1 and parents are affected by the illness. Therefore, optimal assessment of parent and family functioning is clinically important. The PedsQL    @entity3355 ( @entity3355 ) assesses parents' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and family functioning. While the @entity3355 has been shown to be reliable and valid in multiple @entity102 groups, there is little data on its use in non-clinical groups. The study's objective was to assess the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the @entity3355 in a community sample. METHODS: Nine hundred and twenty-nine community parents of @entity1 2-17  years old completed an anonymous online survey. The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.6  years (SD  =  8.6), and the majority were mothers (63.6  %), white (82.9  %), and married (74.8  %). The mean age of the @entity1 being reported on was 8.8  years (SD  =  3.9), and the majority were female (52.3  %) and 41.2  % were reported as having at least one chronic condition. RESULTS: All of the @entity3355 's scales demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the measure supported the current structure. The measure correlated in the expected direction with validated measures of @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity1 HRQOL, and number of chronic conditions endorsed. Independent t tests indicated that the measure has discriminant validity between parents who reported having a @entity1 with a chronic condition to those who did not. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the @entity3355 is a reliable and valid measure of parent HRQOL and family functioning within a community sample, and facilitate its use in comparative studies.

title: Utility of the PedsQL    XXXX : assessing the psychometric properties in a community sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['family impact module', 'FIM']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity3355 :: (MESH:D014095,Disease) :: ['family impact module']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated increased detection of axillary @entity3 using sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) and immunohistochemistry. These methods have evolved and we now report our current use of these techniques and our most recent results of axillary staging with SLND. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred seven consecutive @entity1 (previously unreported) with @entity0 underwent SLND followed by completion axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND). All sentinel nodes were examined intraoperatively with frozen section and postoperatively with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining (H_E) plus immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using antibody to cytokeratin. The nonsentinel axillary nodes were examined with H_E, but not IHC. RESULTS: The median age was 56.6 years (range, 28 to 90). Most @entity1 (58.9%) were postmenopausal, most @entity5 (62.6%) were palpable, and most operations (86.9%) were breast-conserving. The mean @entity5 size was 2.11 +/- 1.38 cm. Sentinel nodes were identified in 100 @entity1 : 42 @entity1 had @entity3 in sentinel nodes; of these, 28 (66.7%) had no other involved axillary nodes. On average, 1.8 +/- 1.1 sentinel nodes were examined and 20.3 +/- 7.8 nonsentinel nodes were removed. Of seven @entity1 with no identified sentinel nodes, six had a @entity5 . SLND was 100% predictive of axillary status in these 100 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this population of @entity0 @entity1 , SLND with frozen section and IHC was a minimally invasive, highly accurate intraoperative method of axillary staging. We are evaluating the elimination of routine ALND for sentinel-node negative @entity1 to minimize the morbidity associated with standard dissections. The ability to identify node-negative @entity1 without ALND would be a welcome addition to the management of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Sentinel lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumor-negative axilla']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms associated with paradoxical laryngeal motion are relatively common and often mistaken for @entity565 . Exercise-induced vocal @entity602 ( @entity3746 ) and exercise-induced @entity12203 ( @entity12203 ) have been described separately in the literature but have never been systematically compared. OBJECTIVE: To compare subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of exercise-induced @entity3746 or exercise-induced @entity12203 by performing a retrospective chart review of subjects who had symptoms provoked by a free running exercise challenge and documented concurrent paradoxical laryngeal motion. METHODS: Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed in @entity1 with confirmed paradoxical motion of the @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ) and those with paradoxical arytenoid motion without abnormal vocal cord movement ( @entity12203 ) during symptoms. RESULTS: Sixty subjects with exercise-induced @entity12203 and 83 subjects with exercise-induced @entity3746 were identified. Subjects with confirmed exercise-induced @entity3746 were slightly older, had a higher body mass index, and higher grade point averages compared with subjects with exercise-induced @entity910 . There were no differences in sex distribution, presenting symptoms, reported aggravating factors other than exercise, @entity159 , confirmed @entity5143 during symptoms, mean number of @entity565 controller medications at time of evaluation, level of athletic competition, reported history of acid reflux, reported history of @entity146 , baseline lung function, or lung function during symptoms. Most subjects were not "elite" athletes and did not have a history of @entity148 or @entity308 . CONCLUSION: There were remarkably few differences between subjects with exercise-induced @entity3746 and those with exercise-induced @entity12203 . Prospective controlled studies are needed to determine whether exercise-induced @entity3746 and exercise-induced @entity12203 are in fact distinct syndromes.

title: Exercise-induced vocal XXXX and exercise-induced @entity12203 in @entity1 and adolescents: the same clinical syndrome?

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['LM without abnormal vocal cord movement']

entities_list: @entity12203 :: ('MESH:D055092', 'Disease') :: ['laryngomalacia', 'LM']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['VCD', 'vocal cords']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atopic status']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord dysfunction']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity1643 were treated using cognitive behavioral principles on a @entity158 management program. Outcome data were collected at four points: 10 weeks before treatment, immediately before and immediately after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. In part 1 of the study, @entity1 were assigned randomly to group or individual treatment contexts. In part 2 of the study, @entity1 were assigned randomly to programs of 15, 30, or 60 hours duration. OBJECTIVES: To identify the differences in outcome between programs that treated @entity1 as part of a group and those that treated @entity1 individually and the effects of duration of treatment on outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cognitive behavioral programs have been shown to be an effective means of managing @entity1643 . The literature is concerned with group programs, however, the duration of which vary widely. METHOD: Psychological and functional variables were measured before and after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up visit. Changes in these variables were measured, and comparisons were made between group and individual programs and between 15-, 30-, and 60-hour programs. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a significant, beneficial effect of intervention in terms of the majority of variables; however, these changes were generally independent of whether @entity1 were treated as part of a group or individually and whether @entity1 completed a 15-, 30-, or 60-hour program. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive behavioral rehabilitation programs have been demonstrated to be an effective means of reducing @entity458 , of changing cognition, and of improving the function of @entity1 with @entity1643 ; however, the length of program and whether @entity1 were treated individually or as part of a group did not affect outcome. This finding has clinical and economic implications.

title: XXXX rehabilitation programs: a study of the optimum duration of treatment and a comparison of group and individual therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic low back pain']


abstract: The mechanisms by which bone resorbing osteoclasts form and are activated by hormones are poorly understood. We show here that the generation of @entity26 -derived free radicals in cultured bone is associated with the formation of new osteoclasts and enhanced bone resorption, identical to the effects seen when bones are treated with hormones such as parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) and @entity1192 ). When free @entity26 radicals were generated adjacent to bone surfaces in vivo, osteoclasts were also formed. @entity461 and @entity1192 -stimulated bone resorption was inhibited by both natural and recombinant @entity224 dismutase, an enzyme that depletes tissues of @entity224 anions. We used the marker @entity2387 (NBT) to identify the cells that were responsible for free radical production in resorbing bones. NBT staining was detected only in osteoclasts in cultures of resorbing bones. NBT staining in osteoclasts was decreased in bones coincubated with @entity175 , an inhibitor of bone resorption. We also found that isolated avian osteoclasts stained positively for NBT. NBT staining in isolated osteoclasts was increased when the cells were incubated with bone particles, to which they attach. We confirmed the formation of @entity224 anion in isolated avian osteoclasts using ferricytochrome c reduction as a method of detection. The reduction of ferricytochrome c in isolated osteoclasts was inhibited by @entity224 dismutase. Our results suggest that @entity26 -derived free radicals, and particularly the @entity224 anion, are intermediaries in the formation and activation of osteoclasts.

title: XXXX -derived free radicals stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in rodent bone in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: Compared with parenteral nutrition, early administration of enteral nutrition (EN) to @entity3124 @entity1 improves clinical outcomes and reduces @entity281 rates. Intragastric EN often is complicated by intolerance, as indicated by elevated volumes of aspirated gastric residuals. Conflicting data are available for the volume of residual that represents intolerance, but most clinicians use 150-200 ml to signify @entity344 . Intolerance is associated with mortality. Data support an association between intragastric EN and @entity1174 , but little information is available regarding the contributory effect of intolerance. Transpyloric migration of the feeding tube may facilitate tolerance but does not reduce the likelihood of @entity1174 . Prokinetic agents ( @entity4392 , @entity2929 , @entity1769 ) promote gastric emptying. Results of most studies are limited because @entity1 did not receive or tolerated intragastric EN. @entity1769 is the agent of choice for treating intolerance. Further studies are necessary before prokinetic drugs can be recommended for preventing intragastric EN-associated @entity1174 .

title: Intolerance to intragastric enteral nutrition in @entity3124 XXXX : complications and management.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide', 'metoclopramide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity784 ( @entity6872 ) belongs to the group of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The histological and immunophenotypical subtypes differ with genetic and environmental etiologic factors. @entity706 arise from the clonal proliferation of precursor cells within lymphoid organs with acquired @entity2008 . Approximately 5% of all primary @entity3478 are @entity1893 , the majority of diffuse large B-cell type. Our case history can be regarded as the first published in English language reporting on a @entity784 imitating a @entity2916 ( @entity12391 ): The @entity5 appeared with a tender tumescence over the sternum and a @entity158 swollen left sterno-clavicular joint--as a rule a typical sign for @entity12391 . Only sternal puncture followed by immune histology confirmed an @entity6872 . The @entity5 , and later on an osteolysis of cervical vertebrae I-III with a complete destruction of the @entity2270 and an affection of the dens atlantis could not be detected by radiographic examinations. Moreover, this @entity5 infestation could only be depicted by the magnet resonance imaging and the computed tomography. Furthermore, other results of our report are the very rare manifestation of a @entity784 as a pedicled @entity5 near the pancreas or of pancreatic origin and the excellent result of an autologous stem cell transplantation. Reviewing the literature, we want to discuss the present scientific and clinical standards of diagnosis, progress and treatment of @entity2916 and @entity784 , and we want to point out some new aspects of both diseases.

title: XXXX with chondropathia tuberosa; a case report and review.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic IgA-plasma cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic T-cell-lymphoma', 'pleomorphic T-cell-lymphoma', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['Chondropathia tuberosa']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12391 :: ('MESH:D013991', 'Disease') :: ["Tietze's syndrome"]

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: A 5-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity221 and @entity1295 after a holiday in northern Italy. On physical examination a marked @entity381 was found. Laboratory investigations showed a @entity3043 as well as several markers suggesting an @entity792 . The @entity381 and @entity3043 continued to progress despite treatment with @entity617 and intravenous immunoglobulins. One and a half years after presentation, the spleen had grown to such an extent that it was causing mechanical problems. Splenectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histological investigation of the spleen showed amastigotes of Leishmania. PCR confirmed the diagnosis @entity234 . @entity232 is too often considered to be a @entity66 only. In recent years it has frequently been seen in southern European countries around the Mediterranean Sea.

title: [Clinical reasoning and decision-making in practice. A young @entity1 with XXXX , @entity3043 and an enlarged spleen].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical disease']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: Detection of @entity0 micrometastases based on specific genetic markers may provide useful information to justify appropriate therapeutic strategies. We examined the presence of a @entity787 ( @entity787 ) messenger RNA(mRNA) in the peripheral blood of 32 @entity1 with varying stages of @entity0 by means of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay prior to and after the curative operation. @entity787 mRNA were detected in the peripheral blood samples from 12 (38%) out of 32 @entity0 @entity1 prior to surgery. Among 12 @entity787 mRNA-positive @entity1 prior to surgery, 4 (33.3%) relapsed from @entity0 within 2 years after surgery. Moreover, @entity787 mRNA was detected in the peripheral blood samples obtained prior to surgery in 3 out of 11 @entity1 (27.2%) with a stage I disease. One out of three of these @entity1 had a relapse in lung. There were four patterns of @entity787 mRNA expression, ( +, + ), (+, -), (-, + ), and (-, -) in the pre- and post-operative blood samples. In 12 @entity787 mRNA-positive @entity1 submitted to surgical resection of the @entity5 , persistence of @entity787 mRNA expression was observed in five @entity1 (+, +) within a month after surgical treatment. Three out of these 5 @entity1 (60%) relapsed from @entity0 within 2 years after surgery. In 7 other @entity1 (+, -), @entity787 mRNA expression was not detected within a month after @entity5 removal, and recurrence occurred in 1 out of the 7 @entity1 (14%) within 2 years after surgery. In 19 @entity1 , @entity787 mRNA expression was not detected in pre- or post-operative blood samples (-, -). There was a @entity1 whose blood sample was negative for @entity787 mRNA before the operation, but changed to show a positive result after surgery (-,+). No recurrence was found in 20 of @entity787 mRNA-negative @entity1 prior to surgery (-, +), (-, -). This study suggested that the presence of @entity787 mRNA expression in preoperative peripheral blood sample represent the progression of the disease, especially the risk of hematogenous metastasis in the @entity1 in spite of their clinical stage, and the presence of @entity787 mRNA in the postoperative blood sample may represent the evidence of a @entity66 . Thus consideration might be given for adding combined multi-modal therapy.

title: Clinical significance of circulating @entity5 cells in peripheral blood detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double-outlet right ventricle encompasses a broad spectrum of anomalies. @entity4032 , which is often associated with @entity1700 and @entity473 , has been considered a risk factor for surgical repair of double-outlet right ventricle. METHODS: From January 1992 to May 1999, medical records of 96 @entity1 (50 males, 46 females) who had complex double-outlet right ventricle with @entity473 were reviewed (median age at initial surgery 3 months). Seventeen @entity1 were neonates requiring surgery. Follow-up ranged from 1 day to 7.4 years (median, 16 months). RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 had @entity4032 (27 with @entity1700 ). Eighty-three had @entity473 , 22 with moderate to severe @entity338 at the time of surgical repair. Eight @entity1 had two-ventricle repair, and 88 @entity1 were considered for single-ventricle management (bidirectional Glenn, 37; Fontan, 44). One @entity1 had heart transplantation after bidirectional Glenn. There were 16 deaths including 10 early (<30 days postoperatively). Overall survival (95% confidence interval) estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 89% (83% to 96%) at 1 month, 84% (76% to 91%) at 1 year, and 81% (73% to 89%) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that neonatal presentation requiring surgery (p < 0.0001), moderate to severe @entity338 (p = 0.03), and @entity3885 (p = 0.02) were risk factors for @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity338 , @entity3885 , and neonatal presentation are risk factors for mortality in @entity1 with complex double-outlet right ventricle. Early surgical intervention in symptomatic neonates and @entity1 , including those with @entity3885 , may reduce mortality and improve outcome after staged operation.

title: Analysis of surgical outcome in complex double-outlet right ventricle with XXXX or @entity473 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxy and/or complete atrioventricular canal defect', 'complete atrioventricular canal defect']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation', 'Atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxy syndrome', 'Heterotaxy syndrome']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['heterotaxy syndrome']


abstract: To determine whether salivary amylase of premature @entity1 can function as a surrogate for pancreatic amylase, we evaluated its production in the @entity1 , acid resistance, and hydrolytic potency in a simulated oropharyngeal, gastric, and intestinal environment. The activity of salivary amylase in 11 prematures varied between 1 and 33 U/ml; the isozymic profile and acid resistance of the premature salivary amylase were identical to those of the enzyme of adults. A "modular" formula containing 7 g/dl of a @entity3209 labeled long chain @entity413 polymer with degrees of polymerization ranging between 18 and 29 @entity413 units was prepared. Salivary amylase, 1.1 U/ml, was added to this formula. The progressive breakdown of the @entity3209 polymers as the milk was subjected to oropharyngeal, gastric, and intestinal phase environments was evaluated by quantifying the liberation of short-chain oligomers from the @entity3209 labeled substrates. The gastric pH was varied between 2 and 5 and the gastric incubation time was either 5 or 180 min. Substantial gastric phase breakdown only occurred after 3 h of exposure at the higher pHs of 4 (12%) and 5 (32%). During the intestinal phase, salivary amylase activity resumed. Prior gastric phase pH affected ultimate intestinal phase breakdown, p less than 0.001; after 5-min gastric phases at pHs ranging from 2 to 5, the intestinal phase breakdown ranged from 17 to 55%. We conclude that the limited salivary amylase in the saliva of premature @entity1 can produce significant @entity413 polymer digestion in both the stomach and small intestine but the digestion falls substantially short of that accomplished by usual concentrations of pancreatic amylase.

title: The contribution of salivary amylase to XXXX polymer hydrolysis in premature @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The dosing of anticoagulants is critical when balancing efficacy and safety. The Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Aspirin With/Without @entity1747 Therapy in Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndrome 2-Thrombolysis In @entity583 51 (ATLAS @entity40586 -TIMI 51) trial was designed to evaluate 2 low doses of @entity3925 compared with placebo in @entity1 with recent @entity1187 being treated with antiplatelet therapies. Because the 2 doses significantly reduced the primary efficacy end point, a further comparison of the 2 treatment strategies was deemed important. In total, 15,526 @entity1 were randomized to twice-daily @entity3925 2.5 mg, @entity3925 5 mg, or placebo. Comparing the 2 active doses, there were no significant differences between 2.5 and 5 mg for the primary efficacy end point of @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 (9.1% vs 8.8%, p = 0.89), @entity583 (6.1% vs 4.9%, p = 0.23), or stent @entity715 (2.2% vs 2.3%, p = 0.59). However, there was a divergence in @entity65 , which included @entity63 and hemorrhagic events, with the 2.5-mg dose resulting in lower rates than the 5-mg dose (2.7% vs 4.0%, p = 0.009). Notably, with 2.5 versus 5 mg, there were fewer study drug discontinuations (p = 0.004) and fewer non-coronary artery bypass grafting TIMI major or minor @entity548 (p = 0.021) and fatal @entity548 (p = 0.044). Of the @entity1 who died, 8 in the 2.5-mg group and 20 in the 5-mg group experienced non-coronary artery bypass grafting TIMI major or minor @entity548 events before death. In conclusion, the 2 doses of @entity3925 reduced cardiovascular events in @entity1 with recent @entity1187 treated with antiplatelet therapies; however, the 2.5-mg dose was associated with lower mortality and fewer @entity548 complications than the 5-mg dose. Thus, the addition of @entity3925 2.5 mg twice daily offers a more favorable balance of efficacy and safety in @entity1 with recent @entity1187 .

title: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two @entity3925 doses in XXXX (from ATLAS @entity40586 -TIMI 51).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeds', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1747 :: ('MESH:C446540', 'Chemical') :: ['Thienopyridine']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is thought to uniformly carry a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 1 year and 5-year survival of less than 5%. In @entity1 with a low volume (i.e. single site) of distant disease, the prognosis is slightly more favorable than that of more advanced (i.e. multiple sites of metastases) disease. For those with limited metastases, we developed a paradigm of adding concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the primary @entity5 once the @entity5 demonstrated chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS: Charts of @entity1 from 1999-2006 with @entity1149 were reviewed to find those with a single extra-thoracic site of disease treated with combined modality therapy. We found nine @entity1 of 640 who met these criteria. Initial treatment consisted of induction chemotherapy, except for brain metastases which were managed first (n=1). If @entity1 experienced a response to chemotherapy without new metastases, the extra-thoracic site was treated for total control with curative dose chemoradiotherapy to the primary site. Survival, time to progression, and sites of progression were assessed. RESULTS: Median survival was 28 months (95% CI 18-50 mo) with median time to progression of 15 months (95% CI 8-24 mo). All except one @entity1 progressed in the CNS, either with brain metastases (n=7) or @entity66 (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: Such an approach offers the potential for enhanced quality and quantity of survival by incorporating aggressive @entity138 for select @entity1 without disease progression after induction chemotherapy. @entity1 tended to fail in the CNS, suggesting the importance of continued surveillance of the neuraxis or possibly prophylactic cranial irradiation. Future plans will correlate outcomes with molecular markers.

title: A novel paradigm in the treatment of oligometastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on massage used to manage agitated behaviours in older @entity1 with @entity303 , assess its efficacy as a non-pharmacological approach and provide recommendations for future research. BACKGROUND: Agitation has traditionally been managed with chemical or physical restraint. There has been a growing interest in complementary therapies such as massage. DESIGN: A literature review. METHODS:    Cooper's five-stage model of synthesising research guided the review process. The search terms 'massage', ' @entity2146 ' and ' @entity303 ' were defined, and 10 databases were searched in October 2011. No date limitations were applied, although searches were limited to articles written in English. For relevant records, full-text copies were obtained and assessed in terms of inclusion criteria and methodological quality using the Validity Rating Tool (VRT). Data were extracted using a form constructed with reference to the checklist of items to consider in data extraction, produced by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed on the VRT. One study was considered of adequate methodological quality to be included in the review. This prospective study found that massage significantly reduced levels of @entity2146 in 52 cognitively impaired residents in two long-term care facilities. CONCLUSIONS: There is a severe paucity of research that considers the effects of massage on managing agitated behaviours in older @entity1 with @entity303 . Whilst conclusions cannot be drawn from the one study included in this review, it did provide evidence to support the use of massage as a non-pharmacological approach to managing @entity2146 in older @entity1 with @entity303 . More research, of better methodological quality, is needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: There is a need for health practitioners to be aware of the limited evidence for massage as an intervention for @entity2146 and to provide opportunities to validate massage practice.

title: The effect of massage on agitated behaviours in older XXXX with @entity303 : a literature review.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity375 contains vacuoles corresponding to lysosomes in higher eukaryotes. Lysosomes are dynamic (not silent) organelles in which enzymes can be easily integrated or released when exposed to stressful conditions. Changes in lysosomal enzymes have been observed due to oxidative stress, resulting in an increased function of lysosomes. The protein profiles from @entity5568 - and @entity8777 -treated lysosomes showed different expression patterns, observed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The aminopeptidase Y protein ( @entity41488 ) that conspicuously enhanced antimicrobial activity than other proteins was selected for further studies. The @entity375 @entity41488 gene was isolated and inserted into pYES2.0 expression vector. The GFP gene was inserted downstream to the @entity41488 gene for confirmation of @entity41488 targeting to lysosomes, and @entity375 was transformed to pYES2:: @entity41488 ::GFP. The @entity41488 did not enter in lysosomes and formed an inclusion body at 30    C, but it inserted to lysosomes as shown by the merger of GFP with lysosomes at 28    C. Antimicrobial activity of the cloned @entity375 increased about 5 to 10  % against eight strains, compared to normal cells, and @entity3649 induction is increased more two folds than that of normal cells. Therefore, @entity375 was transformed to pYES2:: @entity41488 ::GFP, accumulating a large amount of @entity41488 , resulting in increased lysosomal activity. Increase in endogenous levels of lysosomes and their activity following genetic modification can lead to its use in applications such as antimicrobial agents and apoptosis-inducing materials for @entity5 cells, and consequently, it may also be possible to use the organelles for improving in vitro functions.

title: Enhanced lysosomal activity by overexpressed aminopeptidase Y in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: This study intended to (1) describe the baseline @entity1 satisfaction level and preferred coping strategies and (2) assess @entity1 satisfaction and coping mechanisms pre- and postintervention. @entity1 on @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) in Terengganu, Malaysia, were randomized into either @entity569 or @entity569 plus @entity14153 ( @entity569 + AA) groups. All received the standard @entity569 , while @entity1 on @entity569 + AA underwent concurrent AA session thrice weekly for 2 months (each session = 30 minutes). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.0, employing descriptive and nonparametric statistics. Participations were received from 97 eligible male @entity1 (median age = 36.0 years; Malay = 97.9%). After screening for dropouts, only 69 @entity1 were considered for subsequent analysis ( @entity569 = 40; @entity569 + AA = 29). At preintervention, both groups did not differ significantly in the parameters investigated. During postintervention, no significant difference was detected for satisfaction level but coping-wise, substance use was significantly and frequently adopted by @entity569 + AA @entity1 compared to @entity569 respondents (P < .05). On separate analysis, those who received @entity569 alone adopted active coping, venting, and self-blame significantly more frequently postintervention (P < .05). Nevertheless, no significant difference for coping styles of @entity569 + AA @entity1 was exhibited over time (P >.05). The addition of AA therapy into the standard @entity569 treatment did not seem to influence @entity1 satisfaction and their coping ways.

title: @entity284 maintenance treatment versus @entity284 maintenance treatment plus XXXX : impacts on @entity1 satisfaction and coping mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14153 :: ('MESH:D004428', 'Disease') :: ['auricular acupuncture']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity14153 :: (MESH:D004428,Disease) :: ['auricular acupuncture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on previous studies in experimental models, pro-inflammatory @entity1198 cytokines (i.e. @entity310 and @entity379 ) are thought to play a pathogenic role in @entity99 /reperfusion injury, while anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines (i.e. @entity3646 and @entity688 ) have been associated with reduced @entity409 severity. To test the relevance of these concepts in @entity1 , cytokine expression profiles were characterized in liver biopsies from @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection following intermittent portal clamping. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were analyzed for the intrahepatic expression of @entity310 , @entity379 , @entity3646 and @entity688 before and about 90min after the last reperfusion. In addition, parameters of @entity409 including sALT and serum levels of @entity310 were analyzed at 2, 24 and 48h after surgery. RESULTS: When compared with pre-reperfusion liver specimens, all post-reperfusion biopsies showed significantly increased levels of @entity310 and @entity379 mRNAs. Conversely @entity3646 and @entity688 mRNA levels were significantly increased in only seven @entity1 . A negative correlation was observed between Th2 cytokines ( @entity3646 , @entity688 ) and ALT and serum levels of @entity310 . Furthermore, the presence of @entity1560 was significantly associated with lower intrahepatic contents of @entity3646 and @entity688 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the local early expression of Th2 cytokines may contribute to attenuate @entity99 following @entity63 reperfusion in @entity1 . The early imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines seen in steatotic liver subjected to I/R could explain, at least partially, the decreased tolerance of steatotic livers to I/R injury.

title: Reduced severity of XXXX /reperfusion injury following hepatic resection in @entity1 is associated with enhanced intrahepatic expression of Th2 cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver ischemia']


abstract: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and major @entity308 are common ailments that can cause significant dysfunction throughout the life cycle. These two disorders may occur comorbidly. This case series describes 7 pediatric @entity1 (aged 10-16 years) and 4 adults (aged 38-44 years) whose @entity71 and comorbid major @entity308 were treated in a naturalistic open clinical fashion. For all 11 @entity1 , symptoms of major @entity308 appeared to respond well to either @entity905 or @entity3756 monotherapy. Using starting doses of @entity905 10 mg or @entity3756 25 mg daily, we did not observe any adverse behavioral activation or clinical deterioration. However, no improvement in @entity71 symptoms was observed in any @entity1 during @entity905 or @entity3756 monotherapy. Adjunctive treatment with a psychostimulant seemed necessary for chronic @entity71 symptoms to be effectively addressed. The psychostimulants did not appear to provide observable antidepressant effects. With the exception of one adult who had a 20 mm Hg increase in diastolic pressure on @entity2727 monotherapy at 22.5 mg daily, the administration and coadministration of these agents were not associated with significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. No @entity1 developed suicidality, increased @entity146 , @entity162 , or other problematic side effects. This combination therapy was well tolerated and appeared to be effective in ameliorating both @entity71 and @entity308 . These cases support previous suggestions that adjunctive treatment with psychostimulants might be a safe and effective intervention for @entity1 treated with @entity905 or @entity3756 who have persistent @entity71 symptoms and suggests that such combined treatment may be suitable for adults as well.

title: Open-label treatment of comorbid @entity308 with co-administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psychostimulants in XXXX , adolescents, and adults: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIMS: To explore the mechanisms underlying the @entity73 (RBC-df) in @entity6 @entity1 , the relationship between erythrocyte intracellular free @entity460 -ion concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) and RBC-df, and the effects of @entity141 -channel blocker on [ @entity141 ]i and RBC-df were evaluated. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity2175 and 24 control subjects were enrolled in this study. [ @entity141 ]i was determined using @entity593 , and RBC-df by filtration method expressed as @entity85 ( @entity85 ). Erythrocytes were treated with @entity10129 to evaluate the effects of a @entity141 -channel blocker. RESULTS: [ @entity141 ]i was significantly higher (82.6 (78.0-87.2) vs 76.6 (74.3-81.2) nmol lRBC-1, P<0.001), and @entity85 was significantly lower (0. 14 (0.09-0.28) vs 0.22 (0.16-0.28), P<0.01) in @entity2175 than in controls. There was a significant correlation between @entity4051 c and [ @entity141 ]i (r=0.38, P<0.01), between HbA1c and @entity85 (r=-0.51, P<0.01), and between [ @entity141 ]i and @entity85 (r=-0.42, P<0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed @entity4051 c and [ @entity141 ]i as independent determinants for the impaired RBC-df. @entity10129 treatment in vitro significantly decreased [ @entity141 ]i, and significantly improved RBC-df. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the impaired RBC-df in @entity2175 may at least partly be attributed to the elevated [ @entity141 ]i and poor glycaemic control. In addition, favorable effects of a @entity141 -channel blocker on both [ @entity141 ]i and RBC-df have been demonstrated.

title: XXXX improves the @entity73 correlating with elevated intracellular free @entity460 -ion concentration and poor glycaemic control in @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired erythrocyte deformability']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine', 'Nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Deformability Index', 'DI']

answer: @entity10129 :: (MESH:D015737,Chemical) :: ['Nisoldipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: [corrected] Direct microscopy and culture tests currently used in the diagnosis of nail @entity3217 can yield false-negative results, and confirmation of the pathogenic agent, especially in non-dermatophyte @entity281 , is often a lengthy process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the histological examination of nail clipping samples in supplementing the standard microscopic and culture techniques for the diagnosis of @entity6313 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-two subjects affected by nail alterations suggestive of @entity6313 were evaluated. Nail specimens were studied with 3 different techniques: direct microscopic examination of a 40% @entity3071 clarified preparation, fungal culture and histological examination. @entity1 positive for @entity364 were re-evaluated with the same techniques after treatment with oral @entity8974 , @entity2380 or @entity2059 and topical application of @entity8321 or @entity29444 for 2 months. RESULTS: Direct microscopy was positive in 102 (59.3%) nail specimens. The culture test was positive in 90 cases (52.9%), showing a dermatophyte in 45, a @entity375 in 23 and a mould in 22 samples. The histological examination was positive in 94 (54.6%) samples. In 4 cases, it was the only investigation confirming the clinical diagnosis of nail @entity3217 . In most of the cases, the morphological aspect of the hyphae and/or spores suggested also to which group of pathogens (dermatophytes, @entity375 or moulds) the mycetes observed in the histological sections could be ascribed. The concurrent presence of a dermatophyte and a mould was evidenced in a few specimens. The control histological examination at the end of the treatment showed negative results or residual non-vital hyphae and/or spores. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study indicate that the histological examination of nail clipping specimens is a relatively inexpensive, rapid and easily performed procedure. It is useful to confirm or refute the results of routine microscopy and culture tests. Moreover, nail histopathological observation may help in ascribing a pathogenic role of non-dermatophyte isolates and evaluating the effectiveness of antifungal treatment.

title: Usefulness of histological examination for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity8321 :: ('MESH:C036596', 'Chemical') :: ['bifonazole']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity29444 :: ('MESH:C011585', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclopirox']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity is a significant risk factor for @entity14 ( @entity14 ); however, the relative contribution of high-fat consumption and @entity1386 remains unclear. It is becoming apparent that @entity28 perturbs both the intestinal microbiome and gut metabolome, and each has the potential to induce pro-tumorigenic changes in the epithelial transcriptome. The physiologic consequences and the degree to which these different biologic systems interact remain poorly defined. To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity28 drives colonic tumorigenesis, we profiled the colonic epithelial transcriptome of high fat (HF) diet-induced and genetically-induced (DbDb) obese @entity19 with a genetic predisposition to intestinal tumorigenesis (Apc(1638N)). 266 and 584 genes were differentially expressed in the @entity694 and DbDb @entity19 respectively. These genes mapped to pathways involved in immune function, and cellular proliferation and @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity1994 was central within the networks of interacting genes identified in both gene sets. Co-expression analysis comparing associations between the colonic transcriptome and microbiome revealed that three bacterial taxa previously correlated with @entity5 burden were significantly correlated with a gene module enriched for @entity1994 -related genes. Similarly, co-expression analysis of the colonic transcriptome and metabolome found that @entity859 , which was negatively associated with inflammatory markers and @entity5 burden, was also correlated with a gene module enriched with @entity1994 regulators. Our findings provide evidence that high-fat consumption and @entity1386 result in changes in the colonic transcriptome that, although distinct, both appear to converge on @entity1994 signaling. Such changes could be mediated by alterations in the colonic microbiome and metabolome.

title: Interactions between the colonic transcriptome, metabolome and microbiome in @entity19 models of @entity28 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa of HF']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['excess adiposity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intestinal cancer']


abstract: 1. Wilted @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Endura) was ensiled without additive or after addition of a mixture of equal volumes of @entity5189 (850 g/kg) and @entity406 (380 g @entity406 /kg) applied at a rate of 35 g @entity406 /kg herbage crude protein ( @entity1568 x 6.25). The digestion of the two silages and the effect of supplemental N as @entity1133 or @entity1133 plus soya-bean meal on the digestion of the treated silage was studied using @entity742 fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum. 2. The additive markedly reduced @entity1735 fermentation and protein degradation in the silo. 3. There were no significant differences between diets in rumen pH, dilution rate, volatile @entity844 production and the molar proportions of @entity598 , @entity4919 and @entity4876 . However, rumen @entity3265 levels and the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE) and cellulose in the stomach were significantly depressed (P less than 0.05) by the additive. It also reduced (P less than 0.05) the extent to which the N of the silage was degraded in the rumen and, with the treated silage, more microbial N was synthesized in the rumen than food N degraded, resulting in a net grain of N between mouth and duodenum, as compared to a net loss with the untreated silage. 4. Supplementation of the treated silage with @entity1133 or @entity1133 plus soya-bean meal significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the amount of food N degraded in the rumen and rumen ammonia levels but had no effect on the apparent digestibility of OM, GE and cellulose in the stomach or on the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum. 5. The quantity of microbial @entity1522 entering the small intestine and the apparent digestibility of @entity1522 in the small intestine were similar for all four diets. However, the quantity of food @entity1522 reaching the small intestine was significantly higher with the three diets containing the treated silage and consequently the apparent absorption of @entity1522 from the small intestine was substantially higher with these diets than with the untreated silage.

title: The effect of XXXX treatment before ensiling on the digestion of wilted grass silage by @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne L']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical procedures and results for treating the nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 combined with @entity14209 in adolescents. METHODS: From June 2004 to October 2006, 5 @entity1 with nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 and @entity14209 were treated, including 3 males and 2 females aged 8-17 years old. Three cases received external fixation for 2-3 weeks in other hospital, while 2 cases were misdiagnosed as soft tissue injury. The @entity1 were hospitalized after they were diagnosed with nonunion of lateral humeral condyle @entity174 and @entity14209 4-12 years after injury. Preoperatively, the angle of @entity85 was 25-55 degrees (average 44.8 degrees), and the elbow motion range of flexion and extension was 135-140 degrees (average 139 degrees) and 0-20 degrees (average 7 degrees), respectively. One case with the symptoms of @entity3165 was diagnosed as incomplete @entity3165 . The time between admission to hospital and operation was 3-7 days. All the @entity1 were treated with wedge shaped supracondylar osteotomy of the distal aspect of humerus and humerus lateral column reconstruction. Regular follow-up was conducted after operation and the elbow function was evaluated according to the scale system of Jupiter et al. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention and all the cases were followed up for 14-28 months (average 20 months). X-ray films revealed that bone union was attained in all the 5 cases, among which the bone union at the supracondylar osteotomy site was reached 5-8 weeks after operation (average 6 weeks) and the bone union at the lateral column reconstruction site was reached 3-6 months after operation. The @entity85 was corrected in all the cases. At latest follow-up, the flexion motion of the elbow was 100-135 degrees (average 121 degrees), and the extension range was 0-30 degrees (average 13 degrees), the angle of postoperative @entity85 was - 5-10 degrees (average 2 degrees). According to the system of Jupiter et al, 2 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good and 1 case was fair. One @entity1 and symptoms of radial nerve traction injury after operation and achieved complete recovery 3 months later; and 1 case suffering from @entity3165 before operation recovered 6 months after operation. No other complications occurred. CONCLUSION: It is effective to use wedge-shaped supracondylar osteotomy of the distal aspect of the humerus and lateral column reconstruction through internal fixation to treat the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle @entity174 combined with @entity14209 .

title: [Supracondylar osteotomy and lateral column reconstruction for the treatment of lateral humeral condyle XXXX nonunion with @entity14209 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuritis', 'injury of ulnar nerve']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity14209 :: ('MESH:C564510', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cubitus valgus deformity', 'deformity of cubitus valgus']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECT: In this paper, the authors' goal was to define the long-term outcomes and risks of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. METHODS: Between 1987 and 2006, the authors performed Gamma Knife surgery in 996 @entity1 with brain @entity2758 ; 67 @entity1 had @entity2758 in the brainstem. In this series, 51 @entity1 (76%) had a prior @entity548 . The median target volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range 0.1-13.4 cm(3)). The median margin dose was 20 Gy (range 14-25.6 Gy). RESULTS: Obliteration of the @entity2758 was eventually documented in 35 @entity1 at a median follow-up of 73 months (range 6-269 months). The actuarial rates of documentation of total obliteration were 41%, 70%, 70%, and 76% at 3, 4, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Higher rates of @entity7026 obliteration were associated only with a higher margin dose. Four @entity1 (6%) suffered a @entity548 during the latency period, and 2 @entity1 died. The rate of @entity548 after SRS was 3.0%, 3.0%, and 5.8% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The overall annual @entity548 rate was 1.9%. Permanent @entity51 due to adverse radiation effects (AREs) developed in 7 @entity1 (10%) after SRS, and a delayed cyst developed in 2 @entity1 (3%). One @entity1 died at an outside institution with symptoms of AREs and unrecognized @entity1276 . Higher 12-Gy volumes and higher Spetzler-Martin grades were associated with a higher risk of symptomatic AREs. Ten of 22 @entity1 who had @entity2194 before SRS had improvement, 9 were unchanged, and 3 were worse due to AREs. Eight of 14 @entity1 who had @entity1269 before SRS improved, 5 were unchanged, and 1 was worse. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity548 after obliteration did not occur in this series, @entity1 remained at risk during the latency interval until obliteration occurred. Thirty-eight percent of the @entity1 who had @entity51 due to prior @entity548 improved. Higher dose delivery in association with conformal and highly selective SRS is required for safe and effective radiosurgery.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX , Part 5: management of brainstem @entity2758 .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'AVM hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with resistant @entity1569 were treated with @entity9627 orally, followed by irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA). The initial irradiance was 1.4 Joule/cm2, increased by 0.5 Joule/cm2 at the following exposures, to a maximum of 4.2 Joule/cm2. The @entity9627 dosage was approximately 0.5 mg/kg body weight. In 17 @entity1 @entity1569 cleared completely after 10.8 +/- 3.4 exposures (mean +/- S.D.). In 12 @entity1 the healing was almost complete after 14.5 +/- 5.8 exposures. Adverse effects were negligible. After clearing, the @entity1 were followed without further therapy. Psoriasis recurred in approximately half of those @entity1 followed for more than 2 months, on average 5 weeks after cessation of treatment. PUVA is an effective and agreeable therapy for recalcitrant @entity1569 . Further studies must be carried out to evaluate the risks of a long-term treatment.

title: Treatment of resistant @entity1569 with oral XXXX and longwave ultraviolet light (PUVA). A treatment schedule and a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-methoxypsoralen']

answer: @entity9627 :: (MESH:D008730,Chemical) :: ['8-methoxypsoralen']