abstract: Defective mismatch repair leads to the @entity124 ( @entity124 ) phenotype of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). We previously showed that the @entity6756 @entity7384 promoter polymorphism is strongly associated with @entity5 , suggesting a modifier role for this polymorphism in @entity14 . The @entity6756 promoter is bi-directional with the @entity7385 gene located on the antisense strand. In order to evaluate the functional effects of this polymorphism, we transfected a panel of @entity14 , @entity1204 and @entity3257 cell lines with @entity6756 luciferase promoter constructs. We used constructs in reverse orientation to assess the effect of this polymorphism on @entity7385 . The luciferase activities were compared using a two-sided Student's t-test. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to evaluate whether differential protein binding was responsible for the differences in promoter activity. We observed a higher level of activity with the -93G allele in all the cell lines observed; including the @entity14 cell line, HCT116 (P=0.002), the @entity1204 cell line, @entity1 (P<0.001) and the normal colonic cell line, CCD-841-CoTr (P=0.002). This polymorphism also affected @entity7385 transcription with the -93A allele demonstrating higher promoter activity in the HCT116 (P=0.007) and @entity1 (P=0.004) cells. The EMSA results suggest that this polymorphism alters the affinity of nuclear factors that bind to this region. Our findings indicate that the @entity7384 polymorphism modifies the efficiency of @entity6756 / @entity7385 transcription.

title: Functional effects of the XXXX @entity7384 polymorphism on @entity6756 / @entity7385 promoter activity.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumourigenic']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['MLH1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interactions between cell adhesion molecules and their ligands are an integral part of inflammatory processes and may have direct relevance to the pathology of @entity565 . METHODS: Immunostaining with antibodies to cell adhesion molecules was performed on bronchial biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity565 , normal nonasthmatic control subjects, and @entity1 with @entity565 after allergen challenge. RESULTS: There was constitutive expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4105 and @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) in @entity1 with @entity565 and in control subjects. Compared with control subjects, @entity2071 and @entity4105 staining in the submucosa was greater in the intrinsic asthmatic group for intensity (p < 0.02, p < 0.05) and extent (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) of staining, respectively. No differences were observed between @entity1 with extrinsic @entity565 and normal control subjects, and @entity4725 expression did not differ among the groups. Epithelial expression of @entity2071 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity565 compared with normal control subjects (p < 0.05). Compared with diluent challenge, bronchial biopsy specimens obtained 24 hours after allergen challenge revealed no significant differences in intensity or extent of staining for @entity2071 , @entity4105 , or @entity4725 . After allergen challenge, the intensity and extent of both @entity4725 and @entity2071 expression correlated significantly with the number of eosinophils (cells positive for major basic protein). Epithelial @entity2071 expression was more frequently observed after allergen challenge than after diluent challenge (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a complex pattern of regulation for @entity2071 , @entity4105 , and @entity4725 in vivo, where they may reflect the degree of ongoing @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: Expression of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules interacellular adhesion molecule-1, @entity4105 , and @entity4725 in the bronchial mucosa in steady-state and allergen-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic and extrinsic asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: New strategies are needed for the detection and treatment of @entity2 and must derive from a fuller understanding of lung carcinogenesis. Frequent molecular @entity74 occur in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but little is known about which of these precede an @entity189 . We examined the expression of @entity876 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ), and @entity310 , the most common molecular @entity74 in @entity1149 , in preneoplastic @entity2488 . Primary @entity1149 and associated @entity2488 were identified by retrospective review of resected @entity5 at this center. Expression in the invasive @entity189 , the associated @entity2488 , and normal lung were contrasted using immunohistochemistry. Thirty-four @entity1149 associated with 62 @entity2488 were identified. The invasive @entity5 included 15 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 19 non- @entity957 . Bronchial lesions included areas of squamous @entity4648 (n = 14), inflammatory atypia (n = 19), @entity1141 (n = 17), and @entity189 in situ (n = 12). Nineteen (56%) @entity1149 and 10 (16%) @entity2488 exhibited aberrant @entity876 immunostaining, whereas 18 (53%) @entity1149 and 30 (48%) @entity2488 showed abnormal @entity470 immunostaining. Positive staining for @entity310 was seen in 16 (47%) @entity1149 but occurred inconsistently in the @entity2488 and in normal bronchial epithelium. Only @entity2488 associated with @entity957 exhibited staining for @entity876 . Aberrant @entity470 expression was not associated with a specific @entity189 or with specific @entity1613 , although there was a trend toward increased expression in @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ relative to @entity4648 and atypia. All but one of the @entity1149 simultaneously showing aberrant @entity876 and @entity470 staining were SCC. We conclude that: (a) @entity310 is variably expressed in normal respiratory epithelium as well as reactive and preneoplastic @entity2488 ; (b) @entity876 expression is seen in preneoplastic @entity2488 but is not present in reactive or metaplastic epithelium; (c) aberrant @entity470 expression occurs in both reactive and preinvasive @entity2488 and may be an early marker of @entity5 transformation; and (d) the simultaneous aberrant expression of @entity470 and @entity876 occurs predominantly in SCC and their associated @entity2488 . These findings indicate that aberrant expression of @entity876 or the @entity470 is frequent in @entity5 , and coexpression may predispose to the development of @entity957 of the lung.

title: Aberrant expression of @entity876 or the XXXX is frequent in early @entity5 and coexpression precedes @entity957 development.

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial lesions']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial neoplasia', 'tumors', 'neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'type of invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: In a retrospective study of hospital records over a 50-year period, data on 32 @entity1 who died as a result of @entity1321 are presented and compared with comparison groups and national mortality statistics. There was a higher incidence and lower mean age at death of fatal @entity1321 compared with the total national population. The mean age at death significantly increased over the study period. @entity3313 was a common cause of obstruction particularly in those with @entity306 . There was a high prevalence of chronic constipation and megacolon. @entity5744 was de facto related to @entity13617 , but overall, there was a low prevalence of @entity13617 . Overall, mean IQ was low, but only significantly so in the male subjects. The length of @entity697 was short; in 22 @entity1 it was less than 24 h. @entity391 were often absent and abdominal signs were recorded only in five @entity1 . @entity158 or distress was recorded in only nine @entity1 . Only eight @entity1 were correctly diagnosed before death and only two had surgery. The results suggest that fatal @entity1321 is more common in @entity1032 @entity1 and chronic constipation and megacolon are risk factors. @entity1321 in @entity1032 @entity1 can present late and with deceptively minimal signs and symptoms.

title: Fatal @entity1321 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally handicapped']

entities_list: @entity3313 :: ('MESH:D045822', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal volvulus']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['Vomiting and abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['Foreign-body obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'Intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally handicapped']


abstract: The biomechanical environment of the optic nerve head (ONH), of interest in @entity726 , is strongly affected by the biomechanical properties of sclera. However, there is a paucity of information about the variation of scleral mechanical properties within eyes and between individuals. We thus used biaxial testing to measure scleral @entity2693 in @entity1 eyes. Ten eyes from 5 @entity1 donors (age 55.4+/-3.5 years; mean+/-SD) were obtained within 24h of @entity204 . Square scleral samples (6mm on a side) were cut from each ocular quadrant 3-9 mm from the ONH centre and were mechanically tested using a biaxial extensional tissue tester (BioTester 5000, CellScale Biomaterials Testing, Waterloo). Stress-strain data in the latitudinal (toward the poles) and longitudinal (circumferential) directions, here referred to as directions 1 and 2, were fit to the four-parameter Fung constitutive equation W=c(e(Q)-1), where Q=c(1)E(11)(2)+c(2)E(22)(2)+2c(3)E(11)E(22) and W, c's and E(ij) are the strain energy function, material parameters and Green strains, respectively. Fitted material parameters were compared between samples. The parameter c(3) ranged from 10(-7) to 10(-8), but did not contribute significantly to the accuracy of the fitting and was thus fixed at 10(-7). The products cc(1) and cc(2), measures of @entity2693 in the 1 and 2 directions, were 2.9+/-2.0 and 2.8+/-1.9 MPa, respectively, and were not significantly different (two-sided t-test; p=0.795). The level of anisotropy (ratio of @entity2693 in orthogonal directions) was 1.065+/-0.33. No statistically significant correlations between sample thickness and @entity2693 were found (correlation coefficients=-0.026 and -0.058 in directions 1 and 2, respectively). @entity1 sclera showed heterogeneous, near-isotropic, nonlinear mechanical properties over the scale of our samples.

title: Biaxial mechanical testing of XXXX sclera.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that cardiac surgery-related @entity63 -reperfusion injury to the myocardium is caused by the oxidative stress, derived from the formation of reactive @entity26 species in the early phases of the reperfusion. The availability of @entity462 , mostly deriving from @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) via the trans-sulfuration pathway, is determinant for the synthesis of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), which in turn acts as a first line of defence against oxidative stress. Indeed, an increased consumption of @entity5784 in response to oxidative stress has been described. Previous research has shown that @entity5784 levels increase during the first weeks or months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study was designed to evaluate the @entity5784 metabolism in CABG @entity1 during the early postoperative period. METHODS: Serum @entity5784 and @entity1501 were measured by an automatic immunometric system on blood samples obtained from 48 (mean age 67+/-10 years) consecutive @entity1 undergoing CABG, preoperatively and at 0, 12, 48, and 120 h after surgery. A subgroup of 22 of these @entity1 was also studied 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: A significant decrement of @entity5784 and @entity1501 was observed throughout the study (P<0.0001) from 17.3+/-9.3 to 8.5+/-5.6 micromol/l at 12 h postoperatively for @entity5784 , and from 5.1+/-2.8 to 2.5+/-1.5 ng/ml at 48 h for @entity1501 . The reduction of @entity5784 and @entity1501 levels remained significant after correction for haemodilution (as assessed by measurement of plasma proteins). Furthermore, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass significantly interacted with the time of sampling in affecting the @entity5784 levels. @entity5784 levels returned to near-baseline values 48 h postoperatively, and were similar to base-line at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that serum @entity5784 and @entity1501 levels are markedly reduced during the early postoperative period after CABG. This reduction is at least in part independent of haemodilution, and may be caused by an altered @entity5784 turnover, due to an increased consumption of @entity2197 during and soon after CABG.

title: Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is associated with a marked reduction in serum XXXX and @entity1501 levels in the early postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Treatment during early @entity5 development has greater success because tissue growth remains largely confined to its original locus. At later stages, malignant cells migrate from their original location, invade surrounding normal areas, and can disseminate widely throughout the body. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a key facilitator of this dissemination. Proteolytic enzymes including plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an integral role in degrading the surrounding ECM proteins and clearing a path for @entity5 cell migration. Specific MMPs are highly expressed late during @entity3 . It is not understood whether early changes in MMPs influence apoptotic and @entity39 cell death, processes known to govern the early stages of @entity105 . Similarly, the interaction between @entity1231 and @entity899 is tightly controlled by a complex array of post-translational modifications, which in turn dictates the stability and activity of both @entity899 and @entity1231 . The present studies examine the hypothesis that model hepatotoxin @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ), which is also a model carcinogen, will induce the MMP family of proteins after administration in hepatotoxic doses. Doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg @entity1233 were administered i.p. to male C3H @entity19 . Changes in parameters associated with apoptotic and @entity39 cell death, DNA damage, cell proliferation, and extracellular proteinases were examined in liver at 24 h. Serum ALT activity, oxidative stress [ @entity1234 ], and caspase-activated DNAse mediated DNA laddering increased in a dose-dependent manner, as did the level of @entity1231 protein. @entity1235 ( @entity1235 , stromelysin-2, @entity1236 ), and @entity899 protein levels increased following 25 mg/kg @entity1233 , but were successively decreased after higher @entity1233 doses. The results of this study demonstrate changes in @entity1231 and MMPs during @entity1233 -induced @entity99 and provide a plausible linkage between @entity1233 -induced oxidative stress-mediated @entity130 and its likely involvement in setting the stage for initiating subsequent metastatic disease at later circumstances.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9, -10, and -12, XXXX and @entity899 expression in @entity19 liver during @entity1232 -induced oxidative stress and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor invasion']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['genomic injury']

answer: @entity1231 :: (17246(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MDM2']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with advanced (stage III-IV), previously untreated @entity43 were treated by: (a) induction chemotherapy (40 mg/m2 cisplatin, days 1-4; 1.5 g/m2 cyclophosphamide, day 4; every 4 weeks for two cycles) followed by (b) intensification chemotherapy (100 mg/m2 cisplatin, day 1; 650 mg/m2 etoposide, day 2; 1.8 g/m2 carboplatin, day 3). Eligibility criteria further included: age less than 55 years, moderately good to poor @entity5 grade, macroscopic (> 0.5 cm) @entity5 . Autologous peripheral stem cells were recruited after the induction cycles and, to ensure haematological support, autologous bone marrow harvesting was routinely performed in the first 14 cases. Haematological support consisted of autologous peripheral stem cells and autologous bone marrow transplant in 16 and four @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 are evaluable for @entity137 and 19 for pathological response, one being dead of @entity262 35 days after the autologous bone marrow transplant. Severe extra-haematological @entity137 were the following: gastrointestinal (100%), neurological (10%), hepatic (10%). Pathological response was detected in 84% of cases (CR 37%, microscopic @entity4659 %, macroscopic PR 21%). Median follow-up times of 48 and 41 months have been reached respectively from enrolment and second-look. Four-year 62% overall and 57% progression-free survivals have been reached. Ten @entity1 are still alive with NED (six of seven with CR, three of five with microscopic PR, and one of four with macroscopic PR). Autologous peripheral stem cell transplant significantly reduced the duration of @entity3894 compared with autologous bone marrow transplant, and @entity137 was proved to be manageable in those @entity1 undergoing autologous peripheral stem cell transplant. The prolonged disease-free survival in @entity1 showing CR and microscopic PR suggests that further investigation on this new approach is worthwhile.

title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral stem cell support in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic mycosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Timely diagnosis of @entity14 is important to improve survival. This study explored symptom appraisal and help-seeking among @entity1 referred to specialist services with symptoms of @entity14 . DESIGN: Qualitative in-depth interview study. SETTING AND @entity1 : @entity1 were recruited on referral to gastroenterology clinics (North East and East of England); interviews were conducted soon after referral. We purposively sampled @entity1 to ensure a range of accounts in terms of age, sex, diagnosis and geographical location. METHODS: Data collection and analysis were underpinned by the Model of Pathways to Treatment. Framework analysis was used to explore the data within and across cases, focusing on @entity1 beliefs and experiences, disease factors and healthcare influences. RESULTS: 40 @entity1 were interviewed (aged 43-87   years, 17 @entity1 , 18 diagnosed with @entity14 ). @entity1 diagnosed with and without @entity14 had similar symptom pathways. We found a range of interacting and often competing biopsychosocial, contextual and cultural influences on the way in which @entity1 recognised, interpreted and acted on their symptoms. @entity1 attempted to 'maintain normality' through finding benign explanations for their symptoms. Bodily changes were appraised within the context of usual bowel patterns, comorbidities and life events, and decisions to seek help were made in relation to expectations about the course of symptoms. The 'private nature' of @entity14 could affect both their identification and discussions with others including healthcare professionals. Within the context of the National Health Service, @entity1 needed to legitimise appropriate use of healthcare services and avoid being thought of as wasting doctors' time. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide guidance for awareness campaigns on reducing stigma around appraising and discussing bowel movements, and the importance of intermittent and non-specific symptoms. Altering perceptions about the appropriate use of health services could have a beneficial effect on time to presentation.

title: Symptom appraisal and healthcare-seeking for symptoms suggestive of XXXX : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer symptoms', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) is widely used for control of confounding from comorbidities in epidemiological studies. @entity66 ( @entity66 )-coded diagnoses from administrative hospital databases is potentially an efficient way of deriving CCI. However, no studies have evaluated its validity in @entity166 research. We aim to compare CCI derived from administrative data and medical record review in predicting mortality in @entity1 with @entity281 . We conducted a cross-sectional study on 199 inpatients. Correlation analyses were used to compare comorbidity scores from @entity66 -coded administrative databases and medical record review. Multivariable regression models were constructed and compared for discriminatory power for 30-day in-hospital mortality. Overall agreement was fair [weighted kappa 0  33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0  23-0  43]. Kappa coefficient ranged from 0  17 (95% CI 0  01-0  36) for @entity583 to 0  85 (95% CI 0  59-1  00) for connective tissue disease. Administrative data-derived CCI was predictive of CCI    5 from medical record review, controlling for age, gender, resident status, ward class, clinical speciality, illness severity, and @entity281 source (C = 0  773). Using the multivariable model comprising age, gender, resident status, ward class, clinical speciality, illness severity, and @entity281 source to predict 30-day in-hospital mortality, administrative data-derived CCI (C = 0  729) provided a similar C statistic as medical record review (C = 0  717, P = 0  8548). In conclusion, administrative data-derived CCI can be used for assessing comorbidities and confounding control in @entity166 research.

title: Administrative data is as good as medical chart review for comorbidity ascertainment in @entity1 with XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'International Classification of Diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: In an open prospective study, we evaluated differences between @entity1 with (wRVF group) and without recurrence of @entity174 (woRVF group) during cyclical etidronate therapy for @entity170 . Thirty-two @entity1 (age 64 +/- 1.8 years) characterized by at least one @entity3604 were treated during 1 year. At baseline, body mass index was significantly lower (23.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 26.9 +/- 1.0 kg/m2, p< 0.05), the number of previous VFs was higher (4.0 +/- 0. 4 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4, NS), and @entity1 were older in the wRVF group as compared with the woRVF group (67.8 +/- 3 vs. 62.6+/- 2.2 year, NS). Trabecular bone volume (11.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 15 +/- 0.9%, p< 0.05) and trabecular number (1.06 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.05, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the wRVF group. None of the baseline resorptive variables differed, whereas the bone formation rate (BFR) was 2-fold lower in the wRVF group (p< 0. 05). After 1 year of treatment, osteoclast number, active eroded surfaces, and resorption depth dramatically decreased in both groups (p< 0. 01). To a lesser extent, the mineral apposition rate and serum alkaline phosphatase level were significantly reduced (p< 0.05). No impaired mineralization was observed. Using X-ray microanalysis, we found no abnormality in bone mineral but a significant increase of the @entity460 / @entity3151 ratio during treatment in the wRVF group. Our results demonstrate that recurrence of VFs within the first year of cyclical etidronate therapy was related neither to a lack of histologic response to the treatment nor induction of an abnormality of mineralization. VFs were more likely in the presence of a decreased BFR and lower trabecular connectivity, providing support for treating @entity3604 @entity1 with @entity10210 early in the course of the disease.

title: Recurrence of XXXX with cyclical etidronate therapy in @entity170 : histomorphometry and X-Ray microanalysis evaluation.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic', 'osteoporotic VF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fracture']


abstract: Ventricular late potentials in signal-averaged ECG are a predictor of @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity453 . The role of signal-average ECG in @entity384 has not been defined yet. We studied the prognostic impact of an abnormal signal-averaged ECG in 31 @entity1 with @entity384 . All signal-averaged ECG recordings were analyzed by time-domain analysis as well as by frequency analysis with spectrotemporal mapping. RESULTS: In 13 (42%) @entity1 time domain analysis and in 9 (29%) @entity1 frequency analysis was found to be abnormal. During follow-up (13 +/- 7 months) seven (23%) @entity1 developed spontaneous @entity1165 . The mean ejection fraction and the results of programmed ventricular stimulation did not differ significantly between @entity1 with and without clinical episodes. Abnormal time domain analysis was found in five (71%) @entity1 with and in eight (33%) @entity1 without spontaneous @entity591 (p = 0.07), and abnormal frequency analysis in 3 (43%) @entity1 versus 6 (25%) @entity1 (p = 0.36). The low-amplitude-signal duration was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity591 (p = 0.008). @entity1165 occurred in 38% of @entity1 with abnormal time domain analysis and in 33% of @entity1 with abnormal frequency analysis. In @entity1 with normal signal-averaged ECG the incidence reached 11% and 18%. For time-domain analysis the sensitivity was 71%, specificity 67%, positive predictive value 38%, and negative predictive value 89%, for spectrotemporal mapping 43%, 75%, 33%, and 82%, respectively. The incidence of electrophysiologically inducible @entity1165 in @entity1 with abnormal signal-averaged ECG exceeded that in @entity1 with normal findings. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity384 a normal signal-averaged ECG is associated with a reduced occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events. Thus, signal-averaged ECG contributes to the evaluation of these @entity1 . The negative predictive value exceeded the positive predictive value.

title: [Prognostic value of signal averaged ECG in XXXX with spontaneous and induced @entity1165 ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'Ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach is currently the technique of choice for the laparoscopic repair of bilateral @entity169 in our institution. Most other surgeons use two meshes for the TEP repair, one for each side. We prefer a large single mesh when possible since it allows for easier correct placement of the mesh in one stage. We compared our long-term results of both techniques in terms of late complications and recurrence rates. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 108 @entity1 who underwent bilateral laparoscopic TEP repair in our institution between January 2002 and December 2003. Excluded were @entity1 who had a conversion to a transabdominal preperitoneal or open approach. A total of 73 (67  %) @entity1 fulfilled study entrance criteria and were enrolled: 39 had undergone single mesh repair and 34 had undergone double mesh repair. RESULTS: There were no significant group differences in demographics, operating time, postoperative morbidity, or hospital stay. Likewise, after a median follow-up of 102 months (range 94-115 months), there were no significant group differences between the single and double mesh groups in persistent @entity158 (5.8 vs 2.5  %, respectively; p = 0.476) and recurrence (7.6 vs 8.8  %, respectively; p = 0.55). CONCLUSION: The use of a large single mesh is an effective and safe alternative technique for TEP repair of bilateral @entity169 , and is technically easy to perform.

title: Long-Term Outcome of Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Repair of XXXX with a Large Single Mesh.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Bilateral Inguinal Hernias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Paediatric optic pathway @entity11 are @entity1313 characterized by slow progression and invalidating @entity227 . Presently there is no strategy to prevent @entity227 in this kind of @entity5 . This study evaluated the effects of @entity10788 administration in protecting visual function in @entity1 with optic pathway @entity11 -related @entity227 . A prospective randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial was conducted in 18 optic pathway @entity11 @entity1 , aged from 2 to 23 years, with stable disease and severe @entity227 . Ten @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a single 10-day course of 0.5 mg @entity19 @entity10788 as eye drops, while eight @entity1 received placebo. All @entity1 were evaluated before and after treatment, testing visual acuity, visual field, visual-evoked potentials, optic coherence tomography, electroretinographic photopic negative response, and magnetic resonance imaging. Post-treatment evaluations were repeated at 15, 30, 90, and 180 days Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and at 180 days. Treatment with @entity10788 led to statistically significant improvements in objective electrophysiological parameters (electroretinographic photopic negative response amplitude at 180 days and visual-evoked potentials at 30 days), which were not observed in placebo-treated @entity1 . Furthermore, in @entity1 in whom visual fields could still be measured, visual field worsening was only observed in placebo-treated cases, while three of four @entity10788 -treated subjects showed significant @entity227 . This corresponded to improved visually guided behaviour, as reported by the @entity1 and/or the caregivers. There was no evidence of side effects related to @entity10788 treatment. @entity10788 eye drop administration appears a safe, easy and effective strategy for the treatment of @entity227 associated with optic pathway @entity11 .

title: @entity10788 improves XXXX in childhood optic gliomas: a randomized, double-blind, phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual field enlargement', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity10788 :: ('18049(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Nerve growth factor', 'nerve growth factor']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual loss']


abstract: The development and application of two methods for determining @entity21424 in bread are described. A gas chromatographic (GC) method which relied on the formation of a volatile derivative of @entity21424 gave a detection limit of 12 micrograms/kg. Duplicate analyses agreed well but recovery from breads spiked with @entity21424 were low and averaged 30% for brown bread and 42% for white bread. Further studies indicated that this was caused by the derivatization reaction being suppressed by components of the sample and reagents used in their preparation. After taking both these factors into account, a recovery of 80% could be achieved. The GC method was used to carry out a survey of retail bread samples in 1989. @entity21424 was found in all six unwrapped breads analysed (median 35 micrograms/kg, range 17-317 micrograms/kg), whilst for 22 wrapped breads, seven were found to contain @entity21424 (median < 12 micrograms/kg, range < 12-238 micrograms/kg). A second method of analysis employing @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) was developed which provided independent confirmation of the presence of @entity21424 in these retail samples. The method gave a mean recovery of 71% from five spiked samples and a detection limit of 20 micrograms/kg. The GC and @entity3928 methods were compared by performing replicate analyses of a bread sample prepared with @entity21424 -treated flour. Quantitative agreement between the two techniques was good. The precision of the @entity3928 technique (CV 12%) proved better than that found for the GC method (CV 18%). The @entity21643 (Prohibition as a Flour Improver) Regulation 1990 came into force on 1 April 1990 (Statutory Instrument 1990 Number 399).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The determination of the flour improver @entity21643 in bread by gas XXXX methods.

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry', 'ICP-MS']

entities_list: @entity21643 :: ('MESH:C019536', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium Bromate']

entities_list: @entity21424 :: ('CHEBI:29223', 'Chemical') :: ['bromate', 'Bromate']

answer: @entity3928 :: (MESH:C536030,Disease) :: ['chromatographic and ICP-MS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In spite of the impact on quality of life, little attention has been given to chronic @entity110 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the morbidity and features of @entity110 and compare the results with the other @entity56 included in this study. RESULTS: Urticaria is the fourth most @entity558 after @entity2490 , @entity565 and @entity56 . Despite this position, the number of @entity1 who needed to visit emergency departments was higher (54.4%) than the rest of the sample (24.6%) (P < .001). The percentage of @entity110 / @entity113 @entity1 with work absences was also higher than the rest of the sample suffering from other @entity56 . We found significant differences in school performance between @entity110 / @entity113 @entity1 and @entity1 from of the rest of the sample (P = .029). Paired analysis identified significant differences in percentages of "bad school performance" for @entity1 suffering from @entity110 / @entity113 . @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity110 scored in the lowest 25th percentile on physical impact. On @entity3355 , @entity110 @entity1 scored below the 20th percentile of the general population. The general trend was to order extensive laboratory test for @entity1 suffering from @entity110 . In the present study, only one @entity1 had a @entity262 , 13 @entity1 had @entity792 often present with chronic @entity110 . In spite of the insistence on the possible role of @entity281 in chronic @entity110 , in our study an @entity281 could only be demonstrated in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we believe that @entity110 is a disease with significant morbidity and involves heavy use of healthcare services and as such deserves more resources and attention.

title: Epidemiology, healthcare, resources, use and clinical features of different types of XXXX . Alergol  gica 2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent condition']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impact']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions', 'drug allergy']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and endocrine diseases']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevation of serum autoantibodies to alpha-enolase ( @entity19992 ) is often seen in @entity32 diseases. However, it is unclear whether the levels of serum @entity19992 autoantibodies could be affected during @entity5 progression. Hence, we attempted to determine the relative serum @entity19992 autoantibody levels in healthy individuals and various stages of @entity1 with lung and @entity0 . METHODS: Sera were obtained from 99 normal individuals, 21 @entity1 with @entity5 and 178 @entity5 @entity1 , including Stage I, II and IV @entity1149 , @entity151 and @entity0 . The @entity19992 autoantibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy individuals, the levels of @entity19992 autoantibodies were significantly decreased in Stage IV @entity1149 , @entity151 and @entity0 @entity1 . Consistently, this phenomenon was also observed in @entity5 -grafted @entity19 . Using logistic regression analyses, data show that the titer status of @entity19992 autoantibody level is highly associated with the late stage of lung and @entity0 when compared with those of healthy controls. In contrast, there were no statistic differences between healthy controls and early stages of @entity1149 @entity1 , and total amounts of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels in Stage IV @entity1149 @entity1 were not significantly distinct from those of the healthy controls. Thus, the decreased @entity19992 autoantibody event in malignant stage of @entity5 @entity1 is not contributed by reduction in total immunoglobulin. CONCLUSIONS: Marked decrease in the basal level of serum @entity19992 autoantibodies is a common malignant event of lung and @entity0 , suggesting that @entity19992 autoantibody may serve as a prognostic marker to monitor the disease progression of these @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Anti-alpha-enolase autoantibodies are down-regulated in advanced XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-cancer-associated diseases', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Airway smooth @entity2086 is one of the hallmarks of airway remodeling in severe @entity565 . Several @entity1 diseases have been now associated with dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Here, we identify @entity17309 as a @entity1184 miRNA of @entity1 airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We show that stretch selectively induces the transcription of @entity17309 located in the locus 3p21.3 of @entity1 chromosome 3. The transcription factor @entity6863 ( @entity6863 ) directly activates @entity17309 expression through the transcriptional machinery upon stretch. Furthermore, stretch or enforced expression of @entity17309 induces HASMC @entity1184 , and miR-26 knockdown reverses this effect, suggesting that @entity17309 is a @entity1184 gene. We identify @entity9459 ( @entity9459 ), an anti- @entity1184 protein, as a target gene of @entity17309 . Luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that @entity17309 directly interact with the 3'-untranslated repeat of the @entity9459 mRNA. Stretch or enforced expression of @entity17309 attenuates the endogenous @entity9459 protein levels followed by the induction of HASMC @entity1184 . miR-26 knockdown reverses this effect, suggesting that @entity17309 -induced @entity1184 occurs via its target gene @entity9459 . Overall, as a first time, our study unveils that @entity17309 is a mechanosensitive gene, and it plays an important role in the regulation of HASMC @entity1184 .

title: Mechanical stretch up-regulates microRNA-26a and induces @entity1 airway smooth XXXX by suppressing @entity9459 .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3b', 'GSK-3b']

entities_list: @entity6863 :: ('1050', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBPa', 'CCAAT enhancer-binding protein a']

answer: @entity2086 :: (MESH:C536106,Disease) :: ['muscle hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that @entity308 and @entity28 are positively related, but the mechanisms that explain the association between them are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We examined direct and indirect associations between @entity308 , emotional eating, physical activity (PA) self-efficacy (ie, an individual's confidence in his or her ability to overcome barriers to maintain @entity146 ), and @entity1386 indicators. DESIGN: Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized mediation model in Finnish @entity1 (n = 2312) and @entity1 (n = 2674) aged 25-74 y from the National Cardiovascular Risk Factor Survey conducted in 2007. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, and a PA barriers self-efficacy scale were used. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percentage body fat of @entity1 were measured in a health examination. RESULTS: @entity308 and emotional eating had positive correlations and PA self-efficacy had negative correlations with BMI, WC, and percentage body fat. @entity308 were related to higher emotional eating (b = 0.38 for @entity1 and 0.31 for @entity1 ) and lower PA self-efficacy (b = -0.41 for @entity1 and -0.31 for @entity1 ), whereas emotional eating and PA self-efficacy were inversely correlated (r = -0.12 and -0.18, respectively). The positive bivariate associations between @entity308 and @entity1386 indicators became nonsignificant in models that included emotional eating and PA self-efficacy, and both of these factors significantly mediated the effects of @entity308 on @entity1386 indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological factors related to both eating and PA may be relevant in explaining the positive relation between @entity308 and @entity1386 . Interventions that target @entity28 should take into account the effects of these factors on weight regulation.

title: Emotional eating and physical activity self-efficacy as pathways in the association between @entity308 and XXXX indicators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Elevated depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['PA behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 and oxidative stress might be considered the key mechanisms of @entity1240 . @entity2690 resistance (IR) is a phenomenon related to inflammatory and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that IR may be associated with cellular senescence, as measured by leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and arterial stiffness (core feature of arterial @entity1240 ), as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f @entity122 ). METHODS: The study group included 303 subjects, mean age 51.8   13.3 years, free of known @entity65 and regular drug consumption. For each @entity1 , blood pressure was measured, blood samples were available for biochemical parameters, and LTL was analyzed by real time q PCR. C-f @entity122 was measured with the help of SphygmoCor. SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Through multiple linear regression analysis, c-f @entity122 is independently and positively associated with age (p = 0.0001) and the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.0001) and independently negatively associated with LTL (p = 0.0378). HOMA-IR seems to have a stronger influence than @entity13519 on arterial stiffness. In all subjects, age, HOMA-IR, LTL, and @entity13519 predicted 32% of the variance in c-f @entity122 . LTL was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001) and age (p = 0.0001). In all subjects, HOMA-IR, age, sex, and @entity13519 predicted 16% of the variance in LTL. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that IR is associated with cell senescence and arterial @entity1240 and could, therefore, become the main target in preventing accelerated arterial @entity1240 , besides blood pressure control. Research in telomere biology may reveal new ways of estimating @entity65 and risk.

title: Association of @entity2690 Resistance, Arterial Stiffness and Telomere Length in Adults Free of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular aging', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) are frequently sampled during pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 of the head of the pancreas. In some institutions, if @entity3 is detected intraoperatively in these lymph nodes, the @entity5 is considered unresectable and a curative operation is not performed. No solid data exist to support this practice. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted of the records of all @entity1 who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 between September 1991 and April 2005. Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed to determine their influence on survival. RESULTS: Fifty-five of 175 @entity1 had @entity99 separately identified and evaluated; these @entity1 constituted the study population. Thirty-eight @entity1 (69%) had one or more lymph nodes with metastatic involvement; 10 of these had disease in @entity99 . The median overall survival for @entity1 with node-negative, node-positive (but @entity99 -negative), and @entity99 were 22.9, 16.1, and 14.7 months, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for the respective groups were 22%, 17%, and 0%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 @entity3 correlate with poor prognosis and no long-term survival. Further studies examining @entity99 status are indicated and could lead to modifications of @entity788 staging and management.

title: Significance of common hepatic artery lymph node XXXX during pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['CHALN-positive disease', 'Common hepatic artery lymph nodes', 'CHALN']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: A phase II clinical trial of @entity2664 in refractory or relapsed @entity706 was conducted by a cooperative study involving 17 institutions. Of 46 @entity1 entered, 33 were evaluable for responses and @entity137 . Thirty-one of the 33 had been previously exposed to @entity632 at a median dose of 220 mg/m2 (range 21-489 mg/m2), and two additional @entity1 had each been given @entity7765 at a dose of 80 mg/m2 or 4'-epi @entity632 at a dose of 69 mg/m2. @entity2664 was administered in 3 different schedules: 8-12 mg/m2, every 3-4 weeks in 23 @entity1 ; 4-6 mg/m2, weekly, in 3 @entity1 ; and 2-4 mg/m2, for 5 days, in 7 @entity1 . Summarizing the responses obtained in the 3 schedules, there were 2 partial responders among 5 with @entity978 , while there were 8 complete responders and 4 partial responders among 28 with @entity1893 . The overall response rate for all the evaluable @entity1 was 42% with a complete response rate of 24%. The median response duration was 7+ weeks (range 4-27+ weeks) for complete responders and 7 weeks (range 4-46+ weeks) for partial responders. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression: @entity1431 less than 3,000/microliter occurred in 79% of @entity1 , and @entity882 less than 75,000/microliter in 35%. Other toxic effects were minimal, mild @entity1209 occurred in 39%, and @entity294 in 3%. Possible @entity99 were observed in 19% and 10%, respectively. The favorable response to @entity2664 in @entity1 with prior anthracycline antibiotic therapy suggests that the drug is not fully cross-resistant with @entity4349 antibiotics, and that this drug is of value in combination with other drugs as a salvage therapy for @entity1 with refractory or relapsed @entity706 .

title: [A phase II study of @entity2664 in refractory and relapsed XXXX . Cooperative Study Group of @entity2664 in @entity706 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['THP-adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related liver and renal dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal studies have suggested that drugs inhibiting the enzyme histone deacetylase might have a beneficial effect on @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), an anti- @entity302 drug, is the only widely used @entity1 drug with a histone deacetylase inhibitory effect. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to examine if @entity2052 use is associated with a reduced risk of @entity15 . METHODS: We conducted a propensity score-matched cohort study in the period 1997-2011 linking nationwide register data on filled @entity2052 prescriptions, @entity15 cases, and several covariates. The @entity2052 users were matched on propensity scores in a 1:4 ratio with non-users of @entity2052 . Incidence rates of @entity15 were compared among @entity2052 users and non-users of @entity2052 using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: Among 16   028 ever-users of @entity2052 and 54   172 non-users, 18 and 26 cases of @entity15 were identified, respectively. Neither current @entity2052 users nor recent users of @entity2052 , who had ceased @entity2052 treatment within the last year, were at a reduced risk of @entity15 compared with non-users of @entity2052 (HR   =   1.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-3.80), n   =   4, and HR   =   1.22 (0.28-5.32), n   =   2, respectively). Similarly, in an intention-to-treat analysis, ever-users of @entity2052 were not at reduced risk of @entity15 (HR   =   2.41 (1.32-4.43), n   =   18). CONCLUSION: In the first @entity1 study addressing a possible beneficial effect of @entity2052 use on the risk of @entity15 , we found no support for a protective effect. However, given the wide confidence intervals, only large effects can be ruled out with sufficient certainty. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The use of XXXX and @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: @entity6038 is rather a rare disease. However, as it includes 4 features ( @entity6126 , hypomentia, @entity2421 , and @entity28 ), urologist may see the @entity1 with this syndrome for their gonadal problem. We studied all the 27 cases in our hospital of which data were precisely collected. Among males, 67% of @entity1 had presented themselves first to the department of pediatric internal medicine. One third of the @entity1 were not diagnosed as the syndrome and referred to our clinic because of @entity5450 . @entity2008 was seen in 40.9%. We found cryptorchism in all the cases and @entity18272 in 56%. In females, delayed menarche over 15-year-old was seen in 75%. From endocrinological studies, 75% male showed low reaction against HCG stimulation. Low gonadotropin responses to @entity4396 were seen in 80% of all @entity1 . We performed orohiopexy for cryptorchism, but testicular development was poor. And we do not actively utilize hormonal therapies for these @entity1 .

title: [Urological problems in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['micropenis']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the long-term anatomic and functional results of temporary silicone oil tamponade coupled with laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim for @entity1713 due to macular hole in eyes with @entity1714 higher than -10.0 diopters (D). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (9 female, 2 male; average age, 57+/-3 years) with spontaneous @entity1713 due to macular hole. All @entity1 had a @entity1714 higher than -10.0 D and had no proliferative @entity1715 and no history of @entity130 . The average @entity1714 amounted to -17.7+/-1.1 D, and in eight cases, a large posterior @entity1716 was present. Follow-up was 69+/-17 months. INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent pars plana vitrectomy, temporary silicone oil tamponade, and laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim. Silicone oil removal was performed after 2.8+/-0.8 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic attachment of the retina was determined and visual acuity was measured. RESULTS: Final successful retinal attachment at the end of follow-up was achieved in ten eyes (91 %). Average logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity increased from 1.39+/-0.12 before surgery to 1.18+/-0.13 after surgery (P < 0.05, Student's t test for paired data). This corresponds to a mean increase of measured Snellen equivalents from 0.06+/-0.03 to 1.11+/-0.04. Intraocular pressures remained stable with 13.9+/-1.8 millimeters of @entity349 (mmHg) before surgery and 16.6+/-1.6 mmHg at the end of follow-up (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Primary vitrectomy with temporary @entity1346 oil tamponade and laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim for @entity1713 due to macular hole in highly @entity735 appears to provide a good long-term anatomic success and acceptable functional results.

title: Long-term follow-up of @entity1713 due to macular hole in XXXX treated by temporary silicone oil tamponade and laser photocoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1716 :: ('MESH:C536352', 'Disease') :: ['staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['myopic eyes']


abstract: @entity10552 ( @entity10552 ) has a bimodal distribution in @entity1 and @entity1 . It is associated with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The pathogenesis of @entity10552 is unknown. HPV and autoimmune mechanisms have been mooted. Anti extracellular matrix protein ( @entity13772 antibodies have been identified in @entity1 with GLSc. The gene expression pattern of LSc is unknown. Using DNA microarrays we studied differences in gene expression in healthy and diseased prepuces obtained at circumcision in adult males with @entity10552 (n = 4), paediatric LSc (n = 2) and normal healthy paediatric foreskin (n = 4). In adult samples 51 genes with significantly increased expression and 87 genes with significantly reduced expression were identified; paediatric samples revealed 190 genes with significantly increased expression and 148 genes with significantly reduced expression. Concordance of expression profiles between adult and paediatric samples indicates the same disease process. Functional analysis revealed increased expression in the adult and @entity1 MGSLc samples in the immune response/cellular defence gene ontology (GO) category and reduced expression in other categories including genes related to @entity5 . No specific HPV, autoimmune or squamous carcinogenesis-associated gene expression patterns were found. @entity13772 and @entity13773 expression were significantly reduced in paediatric and adult samples respectively.

title: Gene expression profiling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['MGLSc', 'Male genital lichen sclerosus']

answer: @entity10552 :: (MESH:D005832,Disease) :: ['male genital lichen sclerosus']


abstract: Studies show that insulin deficiency enhances peroxisomal enzyme activities. It is not known, however, whether @entity3190 exerts the opposite effect on peroxisomes. Male @entity35 were infused with normal saline, @entity413 or @entity3649 for 7 days. Only @entity413 caused an increase in serum insulin levels. The increase in insulin secretion, in response to @entity413 , was blocked with @entity6335 . Data show an inverse relationship between serum insulin levels and hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.01). While @entity1717 @entity35 had diminished peroxisomal beta-oxidation, lowering serum insulin restored peroxisomal enzyme activity to normal levels. These effects were independent of blood @entity413 levels (r2 = 0.35). In addition to decreasing peroxisomal beta-oxidation, @entity3190 was accompanied by accelerated animal mortality, an effect which was also prevented by lowering serum insulin levels. @entity16440 may be a potentially lethal consequence of @entity3190 .

title: XXXX inhibits hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['Peroxisomal deficit']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomies are increasingly being performed by thoracic surgeons, the adequacy of lymph node clearance by VATS compared with thoracotomy has been questioned, raising the possibility that @entity1 are being understaged. One factor that may be overlooked in published studies is the learning curve of the surgeons and surgical volume in the adoption of VATS lobectomy. This study examined the effect of cumulative institutional VATS lobectomy experience on the adequacy of lymphadenectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a prospective database to identify 500 consecutive @entity1 who underwent VATS lobectomy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) at our institution between 2002 and 2012. For comparative purposes, the cohort was divided into halves, with an early group (first 250 cases) vs a late group (next 250 cases). Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed. A propensity-matching analysis controlling for age, gender, pathologic stage, and percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second was done to compare survival and adequacy of lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: @entity1 operated on in the late group were significantly older (72 vs 69 years, p  = 0.001) and had worse pulmonary functions (median forced expiratory volume in 1 second 83% vs 91%, p < 0.001; median diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity1223 , 76% vs 85%, p < 0.001). Clinical and pathologic @entity5 sizes were significantly larger in the late group compared with the early group, with a median of 2.0 vs 1.8 cm (p  = 0.002) for clinical T size and median of 2.1 vs 2.0 cm (p  = 0.003) for pathologic T size. @entity1 in the late group had significantly more advanced clinical and pathologic stage distribution. The total number of lymph nodes and the number of nodal stations removed were significantly greater in the late group (p  = 0.012) than in the early group (p < 0.001), and same results were obtained after propensity matching. No difference was seen in disease-free survival between the propensity-matched early vs late groups at 3 years (82% vs 85%, p  = 0.187). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity1149 resected by VATS lobectomy, cumulative institutional experience significantly and positively affects the adequacy of lymphadenectomy. This may be related to the initial surgeon's learning curve with VATS lobectomy. As the experience with VATS lobectomy becomes more mature, the procedure is increasingly being performed on older @entity1 , often with more compromised pulmonary function and more advanced stage disease. Despite the expanded inclusion of older and sicker @entity1 for VATS lobectomy, no compromise was seen in their disease-free survival.

title: Lobectomy for XXXX by  Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: Effects of  Cumulative Institutional Experience on Adequacy of Lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity66 was prospectively analyzed in a series of 462 consecutive @entity1188 survivors aged 60 years or less. Eighty-seven percent (403) of the @entity1 were catheterized within one month of the acute event, and were followed for a mean of 43 months (range 21 to 69). @entity66 was present in 96 cases (24%) and these @entity1 form the study population. The primary goals of this study were to determine the prevalence of @entity66 and to identify predictors of survival and new coronary events among this subset of @entity1188 survivors. During follow-up, 15 @entity1 died, 17 had a recurrent nonfatal @entity1188 , and 54 developed @entity951 (4-year probability of each cardiac event being 0.20, 0.22, and 0.59, respectively). Cox's stepwise multivariate analysis identified the ejection fraction (EF) as the only predictor of survival (p less than 0.001). No predictors for nonfatal @entity63 events were found among the independent variables considered. @entity1 were stratified in risk categories according to the EF. Four-year probability of survival was 1.0 in @entity1 with EF = greater than 50% (n = 23), 0.77 for those with EF = 21% to 49% (n = 66), and 0.22 in @entity1 with more severe left @entity67 , EF = less than 20% (n = 7). Probability of occurrence of nonfatal @entity951 was similar in the three risk categories. Thus, our results indicate that a normal ejection fraction is found in 25% of @entity1188 survivors with @entity66 , and that this subset of @entity1 has a low incidence of early and intermediate range coronary events.

title: Clinical course and risk stratification of myocardial infarct survivors with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Three-vessel disease', 'three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['reinfarction or angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['three-vessel disease']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The first major epidemiological study of injury incidence in the UK flat racing Thoroughbred (TB), published in 1985, found @entity1273 to be the single largest reason for days when @entity1641 failed to train. It was considered advisable to ascertain if progress has been made in reducing the problem of @entity85 in the intervening period. OBJECTIVE: To quantify injury incidence and days lost from training by 2- and 3-year-old TBs in UK training yards during 2002 and 2003. METHODS: One-hundred-and-eighty-two yearling TBs were recruited at the end of 2001 and daily training and injury records maintained over the following 2 training and racing seasons. Days were defined as lost from training when a @entity1641 failed to train at a slow canter speed or faster, and could be assigned to one of 4 categories: @entity1273 , medical, traumatic and unknown. The incidence and number of days lost due to specific injuries and medical conditions was determined by further subdividing the @entity1273 and medical categories. RESULTS: The study period provided a total of 52,601 2-year-old and 29,369 3-year-old days available for training, with 2-year-olds failing to train on a significantly greater proportion of days available than 3-year-olds. @entity1273 was the most important condition causing @entity1641 to miss training, with @entity1642 being the most important cause of @entity1273 . Medical conditions were a relatively minor cause of days lost from training, accounting for approximately 5% of untrained days in the 2 age groups. CONCLUSIONS: In UK flat racehorses there has been little change in the proportion of days lost from training due to @entity1273 over the last 20 years. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study highlights the need for further efforts to reduce the problem of @entity1273 in the racing TB.

title: Days lost from training by two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred XXXX : a survey of seven UK training yards.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'Lameness']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving the health of minority @entity1 who have @entity6 depends in part on improving quality and reducing disparities in ambulatory care. It has been difficult to measure these components at the level of actionable units. OBJECTIVE: To measure ambulatory care quality and racial disparities in @entity6 care across groups of physicians who care for populations of ambulatory @entity6 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis using administrative data. SUBJECTS: Using fee-for-service Medicare claims data from 2003 to 2005, we link @entity1 to their principal ambulatory care physician. The @entity1 are then linked to the hospital where their physicians work or have their @entity1 admitted, creating physician-hospital networks. MEASURES: Proportion of recommended @entity6 testing received by black and nonblack @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: Blacks received 70% of recommended care compared with nonblacks who received 76.9% (P < 0.001). However, for black and nonblack @entity1 , variation in the quality of care exceeds the racial gap in treatment. The network-specific performance rates for blacks and nonblacks were highly correlated (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), but 47% of blacks, versus 31% of nonblacks, received care from the third of networks with lowest quality. Physician-hospital networks with higher overall quality, or @entity1 with higher socioeconomic status, were no less likely to exhibit black-white disparities. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to measure, benchmark, and monitor the quality of minority care at the level of networks responsible for ambulatory care. Consequently, it should be easier to provide @entity1 with information on network performance and to design policies that improve the quality of minority-serving providers.

title: Measuring racial disparities in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['quality of ambulatory diabetes care']


abstract: The recent outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) @entity7822 in Korea resulted in large socioeconomic losses. This provoked the Korean government and the general public to recognize the importance of having a well-established system against @entity166 . Although epidemiologic investigation is one of the most important aspects of prevention, it has been pointed out that much needs to be improved in Korea. We review here the current status of the Korean epidemiologic service and suggest possible supplementation measures. We examine the current national preventive infrastructure, including @entity1 resources such as Epidemic Intelligence Service officers, its governmental management, and related policies. In addition, we describe the practical application of these resources to the recent MERS outbreak and the progress in preventive measures. The spread of MERS demonstrated that the general readiness for @entity7823 in Korea is considerably low. We believe that it is essential to increase society's investment in disease prevention. Fostering public health personnel, legislating management policies, and establishing research centers for @entity7823 are potential solutions. Evaluating international preventive systems, developing cooperative measures, and initiating improvements are necessary. We evaluated the Korean epidemiologic investigation system and the public preventive measures against @entity166 in light of the recent MERS outbreak. We suggest that governmental authorities in Korea enforce preventive policies, foster the development of highly qualified personnel, and increase investment in the public health domain of infectious disease prevention.

title: Strengthening epidemiologic investigation of XXXX in Korea: lessons from the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak.

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity7822 :: ('MESH:D018352', 'Disease') :: ['coronavirus infection']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The information about fetal @entity600 findings during the ultrasound examination often comes unexpectedly, and the @entity1 and their partners may not necessarily receive any conclusive statement on the prognosis. A finding such as fetal @entity3041 range from being a soft markers or mild @entity154 , to a serious condition associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore @entity1 's reactions to the discovery of fetal @entity3041 in the context of uncertainty regarding the prognosis. METHODS: Ten @entity1 were interviewed and the interviews were conducted six to twelve months after the @entity1 gave birth. They had experience of suspected fetal @entity3041 in gestational week 18-20. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparative analysis. RESULTS: The core category, 'Going through crisis by knowing that you are doing the right thing' illustrates the meaning of @entity1 's reactions and feelings. It illuminates the four categories: 'When the unexpected happens'- on the one hand, @entity1 had positive views that the suspicious @entity600 could be discovered; however, on the other hand, @entity1 questioned the screening. 'To live in suspense during pregnancy' - the suspicious @entity600 caused @entity148 and was a stressful situation. 'Difficulties in understanding information' - the @entity1 thought they had limited knowledge and had difficulties in understanding the information. 'Suppress feelings and hope for the best' - the @entity1 tried to postpone the problem and thought they should deal with it after delivery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are worried irrespective of suspicious or severe @entity600 , and in need of information and counselling tailored to their individual needs. Other sources of support could be: written information, links to reliable sources on the Internet and possibilities for ongoing follow-ups.

title: When fetal XXXX is suspected antenatally-a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: Sulphur is unique among the main elements of living cells in that it is covalently bound to biopolymers but does not occur in the biopolymer backbone. Indeed, most of the bacterial sulphur content resides in the @entity1853 and @entity462 side-chains of proteins. The growth yield of an organism under conditions of sulphur limitation could therefore be greatly enhanced by mutations that substitute Met and @entity2569 in the organism's proteins for sulphur-free @entity1522 . Because the saving in sulphur would increase with such accumulating mutations, Met and @entity2569 changes could be progressively selected. Abundant proteins should be the prime targets of such a selection. A few published observations give credence to this scenario. Sulphate permease, which is abundantly produced by sulphur-starved @entity2491 , lacks Met and @entity2569 residues. Also, two species of marine purple bacteria synthesize more protein than can be expected from a limited @entity597 supply. We now report that the cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. PCC 7601 (referred to here as Calothrix) encodes sulphur-depleted versions of its most abundant proteins--phycocyanin and its auxiliary polypeptides--which it specifically expresses under conditions of sulphur limitation. Although these proteins do not take part in the fixation of sulphur, their elevated synthesis affects the sulphur budget of cyanobacterial cells. Direct evidence is thus provided that the structure of macromolecules can be subject to metabolic optimization.

title: Adaptive eradication of @entity1853 and XXXX from cyanobacterial light-harvesting proteins.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess uptake of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) in a community sample to determine whether FS would be viable as a method of population-based screening for @entity14 . METHODS: All adults aged 60-64 years registered at three General Practices in North West London, UK (510 @entity1 and @entity1 ) were sent a letter of invitation to attend FS screening carried out by an experienced nurse, followed by a reminder if they did not make contact to confirm or decline the invitation. The primary outcome was attendance at the endoscopy unit for a FS test. RESULTS: Of the 510 @entity1 invited to attend, 280 (55%) underwent FS. Among non-attenders, 91 (18%) were ineligible for screening or did not receive the invitation, 19 (4%) accepted the offer of screening but were unable to attend during the study period, 52 (10%) declined the offer, 41 (8%) did not respond to the invitation, and 27 (5%) accepted the offer of screening but did not attend. Attendance among those eligible to be screened, who had received the invitation, was 67%. @entity1 from more socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods were less likely to attend (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; confidence interval [CI] = 0.84-0.96; P = 0.003). @entity1 were more likely to attend than @entity1 (OR = 1.44; CI = 1.01-2.05; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Attendance rates in this pilot for nurse-led, population-based FS screening were higher than those reported in other FS studies, and comparable with adherence to fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) in the UK FOBT pilot. Having a female nurse endoscopist may have been responsible for increasing female uptake rates but this warrants confirmation in a larger study.

title: Uptake of population-based flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for XXXX : a nurse-led feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the pharmacokinetics of @entity2449 between diabetic Indigenous (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) and non-Indigenous @entity1 . METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 treated with @entity2449 . Blood samples were collected to determine @entity2449 , @entity880 , @entity1011 and @entity2186 concentrations and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. A population model was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: The Indigenous @entity1 (median age 55 years) were younger than the non-Indigenous @entity1 (65 years), with a difference of 10 years (95% confidence interval 6-14 years, P < 0.001). The median glycosylated haemoglobin was higher in the Indigenous @entity1 (8.5%) than in the non-Indigenous @entity1 (7.2%), with a difference of 1.4% (0.8-2.2%, P < 0.001). Indigenous @entity1 had a higher @entity1011 clearance (4.3   l h(-1) ) than the non-Indigenous @entity1 (4.0   l h(-1) ), with a median difference of 0.3   l h(-1) (0.07-1.17   l h(-1) ; P < 0.05). The ratio of the apparent clearance of @entity2449 to the @entity1011 clearance in Indigenous @entity1 (13.1, 10.2-15.2; median, interquartile range) was comparable to that in non-Indigenous @entity1 (12.6, 9.9-14.9). Median @entity880 concentrations were also similar [1.55 (1.20-1.88) vs. 1.60 (1.35-2.10)   mmol l(-1) ] for Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 , respectively. The median @entity2186 was 306   pmol l(-1) (range 105-920   pmol l(-1) ) for the Indigenous @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of @entity2449 or plasma concentrations of @entity880 between Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 with @entity6 . Further studies are required in Indigenous @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance <30   ml min(-1) .

title: The pharmacokinetics of XXXX and concentrations of haemoglobin A1C and @entity880 in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) is a neonatal @entity409 characterized by chronic @entity32 and obliteration of extrahepatic bile ducts. The purpose of the study was to investigate serum @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ) in postoperative @entity2876 @entity1 and the association of @entity1549 with clinical outcome and @entity409 score. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity2876 @entity1 post-Kasai operation and 20 controls were enrolled. None of the @entity1 had undergone liver transplantation. @entity2876 @entity1 were classified into two groups according to their serum total @entity648 (TB) levels (TB < 2 mg/dL, no @entity1087 vs. TB >=  2 mg/dL, persistent @entity1087 ) and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels (ALT < 45 IU/L, normal ALT vs. ALT >=  45 IU/L, elevated ALT). Serum @entity1549 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver stiffness scores were measured by FibroScan. RESULTS: @entity2876 @entity1 had greater @entity1549 levels (10.8    1.0 vs. 7.9    0.8 ng/mL, P = 0.02) and higher @entity409 values than controls (29.7    3.0 vs. 5.1    0.5 kPa, P < 0.001). Serum @entity1549 levels were significantly elevated in @entity2876 @entity1 with @entity1087 when compared with those without @entity1087 (15.3    2.2 vs. 8.5    0.8 ng/mL, P = 0.004). In addition, @entity2876 @entity1 with elevated ALT had higher levels of serum @entity1549 than those with normal ALT (12.4    1.5 vs. 8.3    0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.02). Moreover, @entity2876 @entity1 with portal @entity101 displayed higher serum @entity1549 than those without portal @entity101 (13.5    1.5 vs. 7.4    0.8 ng/mL, P = 0.001). There was also a correlation between serum @entity1549 and @entity409 scores (r = 0.448, P  <= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity1549 was associated with @entity409 and @entity409 in postoperative @entity2876 @entity1 . Accordingly, @entity1549 could play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity1575 in @entity2876 after Kasai operation.

title: High serum @entity1549 and XXXX in postoperative biliary atresia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disorder', 'hepatic dysfunction', 'liver stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3', 'MMP-3']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'Biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver stiffness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical efficacies of @entity808 ( @entity808 ) and analyze its risk factors for survival and recurrence. METHODS: From January 1993 to December 2012, 109 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity808 were treated at our department. And their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The overall 1,3,5-year survival rates of benign @entity808 were all 100%. Univariate analyses revealed that @entity5 size and modus operandi of @entity5 resection were associated with recurrence rate. For malignant @entity808 , the overall 1,3,5-year survival and recurrence rates were 89.6%, 62.1%, 41.4% and 41.4%, 65.5%, 72.4% respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that @entity5 size, modus operandi of @entity5 resection and @entity5 grade were associated with survival rate. @entity5 grade was associated with recurrence rate and it was also an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: The major management of @entity808 is complete excision. Benign @entity808 has an excellent survival rate. And @entity5 size and modus operandi of @entity5 resection are associated with recurrence rate. The survival rate of malignant @entity808 is associated with @entity5 size, modus operandi of @entity5 resection and @entity5 grade. As an independent prognostic factor, @entity5 grade is associated with recurrence rate.

title: [Clinical diagnosis and treatment of XXXX : a report of 109 cases].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'primary retroperitoneal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['primary retroperitoneal schwannoma']


abstract: During mild or moderate nonexhausting exercise, @entity413 utilization increases sharply but is normally matched by increased @entity413 production such that @entity4053 does not occur. To test the hypothesis that redundant glucoregulatory systems including sympathochromaffin activation and changes in pancreatic islet hormone secretion underlie this precise matching, eight young adults exercised at 55-60% of maximal @entity26 consumption for 60 min on separate occasions under four conditions: (a) control study (saline infusion); (b) islet clamp study ( @entity2690 and glucagon held constant by @entity1943 infusion with glucagon and @entity2690 replacement at fixed rates before, during and after exercise with @entity2690 doses determined individually and shown to produce normal and stable plasma @entity413 concentrations prior to each study); (c) adrenergic blockage study (infusions of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists @entity5521 and @entity1169 ); (d) adrenergic blockade plus islet clamp study. @entity413 production matched increased @entity413 utilization during exercise in the control study and plasma @entity413 did not fall (92 +/- 1 mg/dl at base line, 90 +/- 2 mg/dl at the end of exercise). Plasma @entity413 also did not fall during exercise when changes in @entity2690 and glucagon were prevented in the islet clamp study. In the adrenergic blockade study, plasma @entity413 declined initially during exercise because of a greater initial increase in @entity413 utilization, then plateaued with an end-exercise value of 74 +/- 3 mg/dl (P less than 0.01 vs. control). In contrast, in the adrenergic blockade plus islet clamp study, exercise was associated with @entity413 production substantially lower than control and plasma @entity413 fell progressively to 58 +/- 7 mg/dl (P less than 0.001); end-exercise plasma @entity413 concentrations ranged from 34 to 72 mg/dl. Thus, we conclude that: (a) redundant glucoregulatory systems are involved in the precise matching of increased @entity413 utilization and @entity413 production that normally prevents @entity4053 during moderate exercise in @entity1 . (b) Sympathochromaffin activation, perhaps sympathetic neural @entity1063 release, plays a primary glucoregulatory role by limiting @entity413 utilization as well as stimulating @entity413 production. (c) Changes in pancreatic islet hormone secretion (decrements in @entity2690 , increments in glucagon, or both) are not normally critical but become critical when @entity2922 action is deficient. (d) Glucoregulation fails, and @entity4053 can develop, both when @entity2922 action is deficient and when changes in islet hormones do not occur during exercise in @entity1 .

title: Glucoregulation during exercise: XXXX is prevented by redundant glucoregulatory systems, sympathochromaffin activation, and changes in islet hormone secretion.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: The results of prospective anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) refixation in 33 @entity1 with high proximal @entity397 is reported at 20-28 months' follow-up: mean age was 31.1 +/- 12.5 years. The surgical technique was a specially developed refixation of the ACL using a multiple suture loop (modified Marshall technique) augmented with intra-articular @entity1480 II (polydioxanon, resorbable, Ethicon, Hamburg, Germany) to avoid derangement of blood circulation and to guarantee early functional rehabilitation. All @entity1 were operated on within 7.3 +/- 4.5 days after injury. According to the IKDC evaluation score, 22 @entity1 showed excellent and 10 @entity1 good subjective function. Twenty regained their pre-injury level of activity. Anterior stability was tested manually and by KT-1000 max (Medmetric, San Diego). Twenty-eight @entity1 had a firm end-point, although there was a positive Lachman test in 16 @entity1 . @entity14884 as measured by KT-1000 showed a 1-2 mm, 3-5 mm, 6-10 mm and > 10 mm anterior drawer for 16, 14, 2 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. Twenty-five of the evaluated knee joints had a negative pivot shift test. Three @entity1 had a limited range of motion. The potential advantages of @entity697 are anatomic reconstruction without destruction of other anatomic structures used as grafts, early functional rehabilitation and possibly better proprioception.

title: Clinical experience with XXXX for operative treatment of acute proximal ACL ruptures--2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['PDS II-augmented refixation of acute proximal ACL ruptures']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['Maximal joint laxity']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['PDS II augmentation']


abstract: Twenty eight Hungarian @entity1 lacking a compatible related donor and their 61 HLA-A,B,DR serologically identical potential unrelated donors (selected from BMDW) were investigated in this study. Out of the 61 donor-recipient pairs only 7 (11,5%) proved to be HLA-identical at DNA level. Thirty one pairs (50,8%) differed in DP alleles, 1 pair (1,6%) has a DQ mismatch only and 22 (36,1%) pairs differed in more alleles. More than one potential donor was found for 26 @entity1 and 5 of them have several donors with DP mismatches only. Among the 31 donor-recipient pairs differing only in DP alleles, 0, 1 and 2 mismatches were observed in GvH direction in 7, 10 and 14 cases, respectively. In the @entity3097 assay no proliferative response was observed when no DP mismatch has been found. Among the 1 and 2 DP mismatched cases 11 (35,5%) gave negative and 13 (41,9%) gave positive MLR results. We have found a large scatter in RR values. On the basis of the DNA typing and MLR results we have found that @entity3099 *0101-0201 stimulator-responder combination always gave negative MLR in both direction. @entity3099 *0201-0301 and DPB1*0301-0401 allele combinations were reactive in all cases. In conclusion @entity3097 assay might indicate the low immunogeneicity in certain DP allele combinations as well as the avoidable positive combinations, which may help to select the best fitting donor for BMT.

title: Influence of XXXX mismatches on MLR responses: the role of high resolution HLA class II typing and @entity3097 in unrelated donor selection for BMT.

answer: @entity3099 :: (3115,Gene) :: ['HLA-DPB1']