abstract: @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) is a @entity66 affecting numerous organs and systems. Cardiac involvement is frequent. @entity944 , due to fatal cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances occurs in 30% of @entity1 with @entity3918 . The aim of this study was to assess the possibilities and methods of early detection of myocardial and conduction system disturbances. ECG, 24-hr Holter monitoring, echocardiography and electrophysiologic studies of the conduction system (electrophysiologic study) were carried out in 45 @entity1 . Analysis of late ventricular potentials was done in 36 @entity1 . Genetic studies revealed multiplication of CTG triplets in all @entity1 . @entity854 were detected in 89% of our @entity1 . Disturbances of intraventricular conduction with prolongation of HV interval were most frequent (72%). Electrophysiologic study was the most sensitive method for detecting heart involvement in @entity3918 (positive findings in 87% @entity1 ). Abnormal findings were also discovered by Holter monitoring (64%), ECG (58%), analysis of late ventricular potentials (55%) and by echocardiography in 46% @entity1 . The results of this study indicate a high rate of cardiac involvement in @entity3918 .

title: XXXX and cardiac disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['Myotonic dystrophy', 'MD']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: A preterm @entity1 with isolated fetal @entity843 was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to the appearance of @entity649 at birth. An umbilical venous catheter (UVC) was inserted. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) showed localization of the catheter tip in the portal vein. It was removed and replaced with a newer one. UVC tip location was confirmed with X-ray. His condition had been improving until he worsened suddenly on the sixth day of life. US showed @entity99 and intraabdominal @entity548 derived from the malpositioned UVC. A drainage catheter was inserted to the abscess and paracentesis was applied. Practitioners should be cautious about any signs of UVC complications, even if true localization of the catheter tip is proven at the first application. Furthermore, if it is difficult to decide whether the catheter tip is in the right location, confirmation with US can be considered.

title: XXXX due to umbilical venous catheterization.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Sterile hepatic abscess']


abstract: PURPOSE: The gross appearance of @entity14 reflects the biologic behavior of the @entity5 , yielding prognostic information. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine whether preoperative computed tomographic features of @entity14 reflect the gross appearance of resected specimens and whether these computed tomographic hepatic features predict survival after hepatectomy. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 underwent curative partial hepatectomy for @entity14 . Preoperative computed tomographic features of the largest hepatic deposit were classified by the contour of advancing margin of the @entity5 into two types: @entity1137 with indentations with an acute angle and @entity5 without such indentations. The correlation between computed tomographic features and 18 other clinicopathologic factors was examined. RESULTS: The overall five-year survival rate was 34.1 percent. Of 85 @entity99 examined, 49 were lobular and 36 were nonlobular. Computed tomographic features correlated significantly with gross appearance (P = 0.007). Univariate analysis revealed that computed tomographic features (P < 0.0001), gross appearance (P = 0.0063), size of the largest hepatic deposit (P = 0.0075), age (P = 0.0140), and satellite lesions (P = 0.0443) were significant prognosticators. The five-year survival rates in @entity1 with lobular and @entity5 were 10.4 and 66.1 percent, respectively. By multivariate analysis, computed tomographic features (P < 0.0001) and size of the largest hepatic deposit (P = 0.0419) were independently significant. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomographic features of @entity14 correlate with their gross appearance. The computed tomographic characterization of liver @entity3 is the most important independent prognostic factor in @entity1 undergoing curative hepatectomy.

title: Computed tomographic features of XXXX predict posthepatectomy @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonlobular tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma liver metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Upper @entity848 is a physical finding sometimes noted at the time of cardiac resuscitation. We attempted to determine the incidence and significance of @entity848 in cases of nontraumatic @entity1167 . METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. We reviewed all nontraumatic cardiac arrests evaluated by King County, @entity341 (EMS) personnel during 2000-2004 and identified @entity1 with upper body or nipple-line cyanosis. Those @entity1 who were autopsied comprised the cases for our study. Cases were age and sex matched with controls who also had @entity1167 with an autopsy but no mention of cyanosis. RESULTS: EMS personnel treated 3,526 @entity1 , age 18 and older, for nontraumatic out-of-hospital @entity1167 . One hundred eight (3.1%) had specific mention of upper chest or nipple-line cyanosis, of whom 38 had autopsy. Among the 38 autopsy cases, 6 were died of @entity2294 compared to none in age-and sex-matched controls. CONCLUSION: @entity1167 with upper chest or nipple-line cyanosis had a higher incidence of @entity2294 or dissecting thoracic aortic @entity439 than @entity1 without mention of cyanosis.

title: Incidence and significance of @entity848 in nontraumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['hemopericardium']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Washington emergency medical system']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['body cyanosis', 'upper body cyanosis']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: @entity1887 is associated with adult @entity209 , particularly in males. Pregnancy is the greatest physiological challenge facing @entity1 , and those born small are at increased risk of gestational @entity101 and @entity6 and delivering smaller babies. Increased maternal age is associated with exacerbated @entity2099 complications. We hypothesized that @entity2099 in aged, growth-restricted females unmasks an underlying predisposition to @entity209 and compromises fetal growth. @entity1887 was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (restricted group) or sham surgery (control group) on d 18 of gestation in @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 . At 12 mo, growth-restricted F1 female offspring were mated with a normal male. F1 restricted females had elevated systolic blood pressure, before and during @entity2099 (+10 mmHg) but normal renal and metabolic @entity2099 adaptations. F2 fetal weight was not different between groups. In control and restricted females, advanced maternal age (12 vs. 4 mo) was associated with a reduction in the hypoglycemic response to @entity2099 and reduced F2 fetal litter size and body weight. Aged @entity35 born small exhibited mostly normal @entity2099 adaptations, although they had elevated blood pressure. Advanced maternal age was associated with poorer fetal outcomes that were not exacerbated by low maternal birth weight.

title: Pregnancy in aged XXXX that were born small: cardiorenal and metabolic adaptations and second-generation fetal growth.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Uteroplacental insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal and metabolic dysfunction', 'cardiorenal and metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 1. A single fibre dissection technique was used to record activity from efferent fibres in the left cervical vagus nerve of @entity4774 anaesthetized @entity35 . 2. The efferent discharge, in all units, was modulated by gastric inflation, gastric contractions or compression of the stomach wall. The receptors mediating these effects are the slowly adapting 'in-series' tension receptors in the gastric musculature with afferent fibres in the vagus nerves. 3. Efferent units were classified according to their response to passive @entity356 and active gastric contractions. 4. Four distinct types of efferent unit were isolated. Type I units were excited and @entity1605 were inhibited by @entity356 and contraction. Type III units were excited at low or moderate levels of inflation and inhibited at high levels of inflation or during gastric contractions. Type IV units were inhibited by low levels of inflation but excited at higher levels. 5. Since there is clearly a reciprocal organization at least of some neurones in the vagal nucleus the possibility of reciprocal control of antagonist, cholinergic and 'purinergic' vagal pathways is discussed.

title: Modulation of single vagal efferent fibre discharge by gastrointestinal afferents in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Type II units']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown an increased risk of periprocedural @entity64 after @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) compared with carotid endarterectomy, which may differ in specific @entity1 subgroups. Knowledge of risk factors for @entity75 during @entity2998 may impact treatment decisions for the individual @entity1 , but these factors have not been extensively studied. We aimed to identify factors predictive for @entity2806 during embolic protected @entity2998 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Preprocedural and postprocedural diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed for evaluation of new @entity2806 in 728 (86.9%) of 837 consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 with @entity999 . Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors predictive for @entity999 . New @entity2806 were found in 32.8% of @entity1 . Age, @entity101 , lesion length, lesion eccentricity, and aortic arch type III were significantly associated with new @entity2806 ; calcified lesions were negatively associated. In 25% of these @entity1 @entity999 were also found in the contralateral hemisphere. Predictive factors for @entity75 were age, >50% stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery, and an aortic arch type II, with a trend for aortic arch type III. CONCLUSIONS: Age, @entity101 , lesion morphology, and aortic arch type were predictive for procedural-related @entity75 during embolic protected @entity2998 . Age, significant @entity543 , and complex aortic arch type were predictive for bilateral @entity2806 . The clinical implications of @entity2806 are not yet fully understood.

title: Risk factors for cerebral embolization after @entity2998 with embolic protection: a diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study in 837 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral lesions', 'cerebral embolic lesions']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolic protection', 'embolic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity510 carries a risk of 50% mortality. Therefore it is recommended to also treat asymptomatic, previously unruptured @entity439 . Deciding whether to treat or to observe depends on the consideration of risk of @entity548 and the surgical risk. Such decision could be facilitated if predisposing factors affecting the outcome were known. 15 @entity1 with 19 unruptured @entity439 managed in a period when both, surgical and endovascular treatment options were available, were selected from a group of 47 asymptomatic @entity1 documented since 1984. The @entity1 were either operated (n = 9) or were treated by @entity432 with GDC coils (n = 6). In most cases, a long history of @entity10 eventually lead to a CT-scan or MRI in which a suspicious abnormality was found. Upon subsequent angiography, 8 middle cerebral, 6 carotid, 3 basilar and 1 pericallosal, and @entity438 (s), respectively, were found. The @entity439 varied from 4 to 30 mm in diameter. The @entity1 were followed between 9 months and 2.5 years. Treatment results in this small series were independent from size, location, age or sex of the @entity1 . The initial, mostly unrelated symptoms persisted after treatment in most cases. The morbidity according to GOS in this small series (3 out of 19 @entity1 deteriorated) is not representative of the complete series where morbidity and mortality was 5.4% and 1.2% respectively). In agreement with the literature reviewed herein, we recommend surgical treatment of previously unruptured @entity439 , especially when the @entity1 are below 60 years of age. In @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity439 , @entity432 is a valid alternative, especially in older @entity1 with concurrent medical problems.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX --surgical and endovascular therapy options].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular coil occlusion', 'endovascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6713 often present with @entity548 , prolapse, and other symptoms. Currently used nonsurgical treatment modalities have limited effectiveness and usually require several treatment sessions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a novel endoscopic device for nonsurgical treatment of @entity6713 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Single center. @entity1 : This study involved 23 @entity1 with actively @entity548 @entity6713 . INTERVENTION: The HET Bipolar System is a modified anoscope, with a treatment window, light source, and tissue temperature monitor. The device is inserted into the rectum under direct observation. The tissue carrying superior @entity6713 and the apex of the internal @entity6713 is positioned inside the treatment window, clamped with incorporated tissue forceps, and treated with bipolar energy to ligate hemorrhoidal feeding vessels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Rate of @entity548 after the treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 64.3    9.9 years (range 44-79 years). Eleven @entity1 (47.8%) had grade I @entity6713 and 12 @entity1 (52.2%) had grade II @entity6713 . In 18 @entity1 (78.3%), treatment with the HET System was performed with the @entity1 under conscious sedation. Five @entity1 (21.7%) were treated without sedation. All @entity1 tolerated treatment without complaints. The average follow-up period was 11.2    4.7 months. No @entity548 or prolapse occurred after the procedure in any of the treated @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study. CONCLUSION: The newly developed HET System is easy to use, safe, and highly effective in eliminating @entity548 in grade I and II @entity6713 and prolapse in grade II @entity6713 .

title: Nonsurgical treatment of actively @entity548 XXXX with a novel endoscopic device (with video).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['Internal hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoids', 'internal hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoid', 'hemorrhoidal branches']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhoidal bleeding']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['internal hemorrhoids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new familial association of late-onset @entity303 , patchy @entity62 , @entity1779 , @entity43508 ( @entity43508 ), and external carotid @entity432 (ECAD). METHODS: At age 62, the proband, who was of Spanish descent, had left temporal @entity548 in a background of progressive @entity1032 . Neuroimaging revealed fine tram-line @entity43508 , extensive @entity62 , and bilateral ECAD. Biologic screening for celiac disease was negative. Skin biopsy with ultrastructural study revealed heretofore unreported changes in the basal lamina of capillaries, with multilayered appearance and round-shaped microcalcifications. Of 19 next-of-kin who survived beyond 60 years of age, six had @entity75 ; four of the six presented at least three components of the syndrome. The proband's mother had died at age 83 with profound @entity303 ; one sister, who was diagnosed with @entity303 with @entity43508 and @entity62 at age 67, died 2 years later from @entity1779 ; a brother had an occipital @entity548 at age 58, at which time @entity43508 and @entity62 were discovered; and another brother died after a minor @entity64 at age 70 with @entity303 , @entity10334 , @entity43508 , and ECAD. A proband's cousin also had an unexplained @entity385 at age 55, but without other features of the entity. In no subject was there evidence of @entity410 , @entity2695 , or @entity1504 , and arterial @entity101 was neither constant nor severe. CONCLUSION: These clinical, neuroradiologic, and histologic features suggest a new @entity1504 with widespread microvascular calcifications and autosomal (presumably dominant) inheritance. We suggest the acronym FOCHS-LADD, for @entity730 , @entity64 , @entity62 , @entity432 , and @entity303 .

title: @entity730 , @entity64 , XXXX , @entity303 , and external carotid dysplasia.

entities_list: @entity43508 :: ('MESH:C535496', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral occipital calcifications', 'BOC']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['facial angioma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['familial cerebrovascular entity', 'intracranial vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['familial occipital calcifications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dysplasia', 'artery dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: @entity1 : A clinical case of a 49-year-old @entity1 is described who presented with a right facial paresis for 4 weeks. The @entity1 had undergone a decompression of facial nerve and a radical mastoidectomy elsewhere in 1998 because of a facial paresis and acute @entity2267 . In the following years a complete right facial paresis occurred several times improving with @entity617 . In addition to topognostic examinations a high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone was made. CT showed a mass in the right tympanic cavity with close contact to the ossicular chain. Diagnostic tympanotomy disclosed a @entity5 of the @entity2103 . Pathological examination indicated a diagnosis of @entity808 with an Antoni B architecture. In a second operation the @entity5 was resected totally and a facial nerve reconstruction was performed by a greater auricular nerve interposition graft. @entity86 was seen proceeding continually until the control examination after 1 1/2 year. DISCUSSION: Facial @entity808 are a rare course of facial paresis. There are no specific symptoms. That's why the diagnosis is difficult. But it is necessary to think of with differential diagnosis of facial paresis.

title: [Recurrent facial paresis with facial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['tympanic segment of the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Seven month postoperative beginning nerve reinnervation']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['neurinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: The traditional lipid and lipoprotein levels in @entity1 with @entity5703 ( @entity5703 ) are relatively mildly elevated and do not fully explain the increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). In other populations, high remnant-like particles @entity165 (RLP-C) levels are an independent risk factor for @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate whether plasma RLP-C concentrations are elevated in @entity1 with @entity5703 and contribute to the increased prevalence of @entity65 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 : In this cross-sectional study, we studied RLP-C levels in 37 @entity5703 families comprising 582 subjects, of whom 134 subjects were diagnosed @entity5703 based on total @entity165 , @entity412 , and @entity755 levels. Plasma RLP-C concentrations were determined using an immune-separation technique. RESULTS: For both @entity1 and @entity1 , the mean plasma RLP-C concentration (mmol/liter) was 2-fold elevated in @entity5703 @entity1 [0.59 (0.54-0.66) and 0.40 (0.37-0.43), respectively] compared with both normolipidemic relatives [0.27 (0.26-0.29) in male and 0.22 (0.21-0.23) in female, all P<0.000]; and spouses [0.27 (0.23-0.31) in male and 0.24 (0.21-0.27) in female, all P<0.000]. Plasma RLP-C levels above the 90th percentile predicted prevalent @entity65 , independently of nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors [odds ratio 2.18 (1.02-4.66)] and @entity412 levels [odds ratio 2.35 (1.15-4.83)]. However, in both @entity5703 @entity1 and controls, RLP-C did not provide additional information about prevalent @entity65 over and above non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5703 have 2-fold elevated plasma RLP-C levels, which add to the atherogenic lipid profile and contribute to the increased risk for @entity65 . However, for clinical practice, non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 is the best predictor of prevalent @entity65 .

title: High plasma level of remnant-like particles XXXX in @entity5703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['FCH', 'familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein-B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ) is a rare, aggressive, malignant @entity5 that has recently been characterized. It has not been associated with a primary visceral organ. In @entity1 , cases are even more rare and often have some @entity2670 . CASE: An 11-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity490 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . A CT scan revealed a large heterogeneous pelvic mass with cystic components and an 8-cm midabdominal mass. During exploratory laparotomy, the @entity1 was found to have a pelvic mass measuring 12. 9 cm replacing normal ovarian tissue. The midabdominal mass was also removed. Pathology, cytology, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a @entity2269 . Even with aggressive surgical and medical intervention, the @entity1 died 11 months after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION: We present a rare small cell tumor that is associated with @entity2670 . The prognosis in these @entity1 is extremely poor and very few survivals have been reported.

title: @entity2269 with primary XXXX : case report and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'DSRCT', 'desmoplastic small round cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian involvement']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['ovarian involvement']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stage IV @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a heterogeneous disease with many treatment options. The optimum management algorithm is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of survival and to determine the operative benefit of resection of the primary @entity5 followed by chemotherapy. METHODS: Seven hundred twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 who presented with stage IV @entity14 from 1999 to 2007 were identified. The demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of these @entity1 were reviewed. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis assessed independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the surgical management of the primary, 79% (n = 572) were performed electively, 18% (n = 134) as an emergency procedure and 3% (n = 22) did not have any surgery. Twelve percent (n = 78) had a permanent stoma. Major morbidity was 4.3% (n = 31), and 30-day mortality was low at 6% (n = 46). Ten percent (n = 71) had a subsequent metasectomy. @entity1 who underwent curative resections tended to be female (p = 0.05), of a younger age group (age,  <= 50; p = 0.005), as well as had better haemoglobin (p = 0.0001) and albumin levels (p = 0.0001). For the study cohort, the @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) at 1 year was 47.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44.2-51.6%], 3-year CSS was 10.8% (95% CI, 3.3-13.3%) and 5-year CSS was 7.0% (95% CI, 4.8-9.2%). CSS was significantly higher in @entity1 that underwent colonic resection. In cases where resection of the primary was possible, multivariate analysis revealed that @entity478 value >40 ng/ml, low albumin levels  <= 34 g/l, poorly differentiated @entity5 , advanced @entity5 stage (T3/T4), @entity66 (N1/N2) and presence of diffuse metastasis were all significant factors associated with poorer @entity5 -specific survival. CONCLUSION: This study has shown a good survival benefit in stage IV @entity14 when an aggressive policy of primary resection is adopted. Resection of metastases with curative intent should be performed whenever possible.

title: Stage IV XXXX : an analysis of factors predicting outcome and survival in 728 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Contemporary methods for the management of @entity85 following a healed severe @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) include @entity135 . METHODS: 18 @entity1 with chronic severe @entity4039 in the oblique plane (mean slip angle = 70  ) constituted the study group. 6 @entity1 with an open physis underwent modified Dunn capital realignment and 12 @entity1 with a closed physis underwent surgical dislocation with a @entity135 . 10 @entity1 already had an in-situ pinning. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 4.5 years (3-6 years). The mean preoperative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and nonarthritic hip score (NAHS) were 24 and 40 respectively, followed by a score of 89 and 92 respectively at the last follow-up (p = 0.0002). Radiologically, all the parameters showed a significant correction. The mean pre- and postoperative values of alpha angle were 79.8 and 34.5 respectively (p = 0.0002); AP slip angle being 36.7 and 14.8 (p = 0.002); lateral slip angle being 54.2 and 13.6 (p = 0.0002); oblique plane slip angle being 70.7 and 20.8 (p = 0.0002) and centre trochanter distance being -6.9 and 1.2 (p = 0.002). The major complications seen were nonunion of the neck osteotomy (n = 1/12) and chondrolysis (n = 1/6) in the modified Dunn's group. The overall complication rate was 11%. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between the 2 groups clinically and radiologically. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2249 is a potentially rewarding technique to correct severe @entity85 and restoring hip function in the short term.

title: Late correction of @entity85 in healed severe XXXX : short-term clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['corrective neck osteotomy', 'subcapital neck osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['neck deformities', 'neck deformity']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity12127 may be simple or very complicated. Not much is understood about what factors determine severity. Answering this question may have therapeutic implications. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed consisting of teaching hospital admissions for simple or complicated @entity697 . The intent was to identify characteristics of and differences between the 2 groups. The Charlson index was used to assess states of preexisting health (comorbidity). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the presence of a major degree of comorbidity (Charlson score 3 or greater) was strongly associated with complicated disease (P = 0.02) as was the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (P = .01). Deaths were not seen below age 50, and high Charlson score also strongly predicted mortality (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences between @entity1 presenting with simple and complicated @entity4436 , and the amount of associated comorbidity (as measured by Charlson score) appears to be a major one. Because of the high mortality seen in @entity1 with Charlson scores 3 or greater and complicated @entity4436 , we believe that an early surgical approach should be considered for them, particularly if they are 50 or older.

title: Comorbidity is a major determinant of severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the factors that contribute to cuff retention during traction removal of tunneled catheters, as well as to determine the risk of complication associated with @entity2635 cuff retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 428 tunneled, cuffed catheters were removed with traction and local anesthesia. @entity2635 cuff retention was recorded when it occurred, and the effects of cuff retention were determined at a mean follow-up of 250 days. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the variables influencing cuff retention. RESULTS: Traction removal was successful in 428 (100%) @entity1 . Of 428 catheters removed, 41 (10%) cuffs were retained. @entity1346 10-F double-lumen and 9.6-F single-lumen catheters had a higher rate of cuff retention (27 [32%] of 84 and nine [39%] of 23, respectively) than did the split-tip @entity2636 hemodialysis catheter (two [1%] of 196; P <.001). Cuff retention rates among other catheter types compared with that of the @entity2636 catheter were not significantly different. Duration of catheter dwell did not significantly influence cuff retention. Of 41 retained cuffs, three required removal with cutdown for cuff migration to the exit site, which inhibited healing (n = 1); for suspected @entity281 (n = 1); or for cosmetic purposes as requested by the @entity1 (n = 1). The remaining @entity1 had no complications associated with cuff retention. CONCLUSION: Traction removal of smaller-bore @entity1346 catheters is more likely to result in cuff retention than removal of larger @entity1346 and @entity2636 catheters, and cuff retention is usually inconsequential.

title: Outcome of XXXX cuff retention following traction removal of tunneled central venous catheters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyester', 'polyester']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2635 :: (CHEBI:60160,Chemical) :: ['polyester']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been suggested that neuroimaging can be used to inform therapeutic intervention. The current study aimed to determine whether an individual would benefit more from training engaging their intact or their damaged neural pathway. Two males with @entity64 participated, with @entity3918 showing milder disruption of connectivity along the dorsal language pathway relative to JS, according to distortion corrected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Each @entity1 received two blocks of six repetition training sessions over two weeks, one of which was "phonological" and the other "semantic" in nature. Both phonological and semantic training produced significant gains for both @entity1 for trained items. For the untrained control items, significant gains were specific to training type for each @entity1 . Only phonological training elicited significant generalisation for @entity3918 , which was greater than that seen for JS. Conversely, only semantic training elicited significant generalisation for JS, which was greater than that seen for @entity3918 . This double dissociation in generalisation effects suggests that a restitutive approach is more effective for @entity1 with milder damage while a compensatory approach may be more effective for those with more severe damage. These results indicate the utility of neuroimaging to optimise relearning strategies and promote generalisation to untrained items.

title: The impact of phonological versus semantic repetition training on generalisation in XXXX reflects differences in dorsal pathway connectivity.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke aphasia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke aphasia']


abstract: AIM: The objective of the present study was to examine pock forming ability of field strain and vaccine strain of fowl pox virus ( @entity17249 ) in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated @entity1573 eggs and its adaptation in @entity1573 embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dry scabs were collected from 25 affected birds in glycerin-saline and preserved at 4  C until processed. Virus was isolated in 10-day-old embryonated @entity1573 eggs by dropped CAM method. The identity of the virus is confirmed by clinical findings of affected birds, pock morphology and histopathology of infected CAM. In addition one field isolate and vaccine strain of @entity17249 was adapted to CEF cell culture. CEF cell culture was prepared from 9-day-old embryonated @entity1573 eggs. RESULT: Clinical symptoms observed in affected birds include pox lesion on comb, wattle, eyelids and legs, no internal lesions were observed. All field isolates produced similar findings in CAM. Pocks produced by field isolates ranged from 3 mm to 5 mm at the third passage while initial passages @entity39 was observed. Pocks formed by lyophilized strain were ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter scattered all over the membrane at the first passage. Intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found on histopathology of CAM. At third passage level, the CEF inoculated with @entity17249 showed characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) included aggregation of cells, syncytia and plaque formation. CONCLUSION: @entity17249 field isolates and vaccine strain produced distinct pock lesions on CAMs. Infected CAM showed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The CEF inoculated with @entity17249 field isolate as well as a vaccine strain showed characteristic CPE at third passage level.

title: Pock forming ability of fowl pox virus isolated from layer XXXX and its adaptation in @entity1573 embryo fibroblast cell culture.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['edematous thickening and necrosis of CAM']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: PURPOSE: Elevations in @entity1456 (tPA) are postulated to protect against atherothrombotic events during exercise. However, fibrinolytic response to repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise is unknown in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) @entity1 , a population with impaired fibrinolysis and increased risk for @entity63 events. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise in @entity3657 @entity1 . METHODS: Nine (8 male, 1 female) @entity1 with Fontaine State II @entity3657 were studied. Fasting blood samples for determination of tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) were obtained into an acidified @entity1792 solution via an indwelling venous catheter before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after submaximal treadmill walking. @entity1 walked intermittently at 65% of maximal intensity achieved on a previous graded exercise test until 30 min of exercise was achieved. RESULTS: Exercise increased tPA activity by 180% (0.5 +/- 0.16 IU.mL(-1) baseline, 1.4 +/- 1.2 IU.mL(-1) postexercise), and decreased @entity2289 activity by 40% (20.6 +/- 5.5 AU.mL(-1) baseline, 11.8 +/- 6.2 AU.mL(-1) postexercise), without changing tPA or @entity2289 antigen. Notably, plasma tPA activity levels 1 h after exercise remained elevated by 80%, whereas @entity2289 activity remained decreased by 49%. The decrease in @entity2289 significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with @entity26 uptake (VO(2)) during submaximal exercise (r = -0.77). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that repetitive bouts of symptom-limited exercise produce a substantial improvement in the fibrinolytic profile of @entity3657 @entity1 , which persists at least 1 h after exercise cessation.

title: Fibrinolytic response to acute exercise in XXXX with @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy-related @entity438 are a recognized but rare phenomenon and often present following rupture leading to @entity510 . Treatment poses a particular dilemma and both endovascular, and surgical approaches have been used with varied success. We present the case of a radiotherapy-related @entity439 treated conservatively with a favorable outcome. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 37-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with a left temporal lobe mass for which he underwent an uneventful craniotomy and debulking. Histology revealed Grade III @entity816 following which he received radiotherapy. Three years later, he presented with subacute @entity10 and transient @entity2026 . Computed tomography and catheter angiography revealed a fusiform @entity439 of the supramarginal branch of the left middle cerebral artery with probable intra-aneurysmal @entity715 . Adjacent vessels also showed mild vasculitic changes. @entity432 of the parent vessel resulted in profound @entity2026 and was therefore abandoned. Bypass surgery or stent placement was deemed to have too high a risk of @entity51 , and keeping in mind, the diagnosis of @entity816 , conservative management was pursued with partial @entity715 noted on serial imaging and stable appearances subsequently at 42 months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: Conservative management can be pursued in selective cases of radiotherapy-related @entity439 , particularly if the risk of treating is too high and in the context of @entity5 with limited lifespan.

title: Radiotherapy-related XXXX : A role for conservative management.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Trial balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1254 levels are significantly lower in @entity28 adult @entity1 with @entity6 , essential @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity65 . However, the role of @entity17211 in nonobese healthy adults has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the association between @entity17211 and @entity65 factors and estimated plasma @entity1254 values in nonobese, apparently healthy adults. A total of 204 male and 214 female healthy individuals aged 20 to 80 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2, were included in this study. We measured @entity1 ' plasma @entity1254 levels, serum lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, fasting @entity413 levels, and fasting insulin levels. Mean values of plasma @entity1254 were 5.45 +/- 3.3 microg/mL in male and 8.16 +/- 4.6 microg/mL in female subjects. The @entity17211 group (< 4.0 microg/mL) had significantly higher levels (P < .01) of BMI, fasting @entity413 , fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and @entity1674 , but lower levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C). In males, plasma @entity1254 levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.32, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.14, P < .05), @entity412 levels (r = -0.17, P < .05), and hs-CRP levels (r = -0.15, P < .05), and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.24, P < .01). In females, plasma @entity1254 levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.31, P < .01), fasting @entity413 (r = -0.18, P < .01), fasting insulin (r = -0.23, P < .01), HOMA-IR (r = -0.24, P < .01), and @entity412 (r = -0.18, P < .01) levels, and positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.37, P < .01). Sex, age, BMI, and HDL-C (P < .01 for each) were found to be independent factors associated with plasma @entity1254 levels in multivariate analysis. @entity17211 is significantly associated with @entity65 factors such as insulin resistance and atherogenic lipid profiles in nonobese, apparently healthy subjects.

title: Association between @entity17211 and XXXX factors in nonobese healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia', 'Hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: Non-healing chronic trophic ulceration is very common in @entity1201 @entity1 . @entity1066 consists of the malignant transformation of a chronic @entity1066 . @entity320 developing from @entity1066 , caused by a trophic ulceration of a @entity1201 @entity1 , is very rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Due to the disguised presentation of these @entity5 within trophic ulceration lesions in @entity1201 , @entity5 transformation is frequently overlooked, leading to misdiagnosed and delayed treatment. This paper reports a case of an 83-year-old @entity1 with @entity1203 and chronic ulceration on the foot for 22 years. Over a period of 2 months, the @entity1066 enlarged, turned black, and became more @entity158 . The @entity1 underwent regional excision and immunotherapy after the diagnosis of @entity320 . After 9 months follow-up, no @entity3 was found. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

title: @entity320 in trophic ulceration of a @entity1201 XXXX : a case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', "Marjolin's ulcer", 'ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular melanoma', 'malignant nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We investigated the regional distributions of the most commonly diagnosed @entity272 in @entity235 from 17 North American veterinary teaching hospitals. Between January 1983 and December 1983, 11,456 diagnoses of @entity272 were made. The 10 most common diagnoses were @entity56 , @entity1489 , @entity6793 , @entity19857 , @entity566 , @entity6711 (demodicosis), @entity6711 , immune-mediated @entity272 , endocrine related @entity272 , and @entity1909 . Regional differences in the frequency of @entity272 were apparent. The northeast region had high frequencies of @entity56 , @entity566 , and immune-mediated disease, and a low frequency of @entity19857 . The midwest had a high frequency of @entity19857 , and low frequencies of @entity6711 and @entity566 . In the plains region, low frequencies of @entity56 , @entity6793 , @entity19857 , @entity566 , and @entity6711 were detected. In the west, the frequencies of @entity56 , @entity1489 , @entity6793 , @entity19857 , and @entity1909 were high, whereas few @entity235 had @entity56 and @entity6711 . The southwest had high frequencies of @entity56 and demodectic and @entity6711 . Fleabite @entity56 , @entity6793 , and demodectic and @entity6711 were frequently diagnosed in the southeast, but the number of @entity235 with @entity19857 was low.

title: Regional distribution of ten common @entity272 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['acral lick dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['fleabite allergic dermatitis', 'allergic dermatitis', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['demodectic acariasis', 'sarcoptic acariasis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Recently, @entity1176 antagonists (GnRHant) like cetrorelix and ganirelix have been introduced in protocols of controlled @entity43 for assisted reproductive techniques to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. Here we tested, whether the actions of cetrorelix and the @entity1176 agonist (GnRHag) @entity19040 in gonadotrophs are dependent on the @entity134 milieu. Furthermore, we characterized the actions of cetrorelix and @entity19040 on LH secretion and the total LH pool. Female @entity35 pituitary cells were treated either with 0.1 nM @entity19040 for 1, 2, 4 and 6 days or for 1, 3, 5 and 6 h or with 1, 10 or 100 nM cetrorelix for 1, 2, 3 and 5 h or for 10 min. Cells were stimulated for 3h with different concentrations of @entity1176 (10 pM-1 microM). For analysis of the total LH pool, which is composed of stored and released LH, cells were lysed with 0.1% @entity6000 at -80 degrees C overnight. To test, whether the @entity134 milieu affects the actions of cetrorelix and @entity19040 , cells were incubated for 52 h with 1 nM @entity53 (E) alone or with combinations of 100 nM @entity1420 (P) for 4 or 52 h, respectively. Cells were then treated with 0.1 nM @entity19040 for 9 h or 1 nM cetrorelix for 3 h and stimulated for 3 h with different concentrations of @entity1176 (10 pM-1 microM). The suppressive effect of @entity19040 on LH secretion was fully accomplished after 3 h of treatment, for cetrorelix only 10 min were sufficient. The concentration of cetrorelix must be at least equimolar to @entity1176 to block LH secretion. Cetrorelix shifted the EC50s of the @entity1176 dose-response curve to the right. @entity19040 suppressed total LH significantly (from 137 to 36 ng/ml) after 1 h in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, only high concentrations of cetrorelix increased total LH. In @entity134 treated cells the suppressive effects of @entity19040 were more distinct. One nanomolar cetrorelix suppressed @entity1176 -stimulated LH secretion of cells not treated with @entity230 from 10.1 to 3.5 ng/ml. In cells, additionally treated with @entity53 alone or @entity53 and short-term @entity1420 , LH levels were higher (from 3.5 to 5.4 or 4.5 ng/ml, respectively). In cells co-treated with @entity53 and @entity1420 for 52 h LH secretion was only suppressed from 10.1 to 9.5 ng/ml. @entity134 treatments diminished the suppressive effect of cetrorelix on LH secretion. In conclusion, the depletion of the total LH pool contributes to the desensitizing effect of @entity19040 . The actions of cetrorelix and @entity19040 are dependent on the @entity134 milieu.

title: Actions of XXXX analogues in pituitary gonadotrophs and their modulation by ovarian steroids.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['Triptorelin', 'triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is a potent mediator involved in many biological functions including macrophage @entity137 and non-specific immunity against @entity4801 , bacteria and viruses. @entity19 macrophages possess the capacity to express the @entity13633 ( @entity13633 ) which is not constitutively expressed but induced at the transcriptional level by @entity60 ( @entity60 ) alone or synergistically with @entity558 . We have investigated the possible role of @entity857 -ribosylation reactions in the signaling pathway involved in NO synthase induction, since @entity857 -ribosylation has been reported to be involved in the expression of certain @entity60 and @entity558 -inducible genes. We found that inhibitors of @entity857 -ribosylation inhibited @entity3542 synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages after stimulation by @entity60 and @entity558 . These @entity857 -ribosylation inhibitors acted by preventing NO synthase mRNA induction, without inhibiting NO synthase enzyme activity. @entity26187 , a transcription factor induced and activated by @entity60 was recently shown to be involved in @entity13633 induction. We showed that inhibitors of @entity857 -ribosylation had no effect on @entity60 -mediated mRNA induction of @entity26187 nor on its activation and binding to its target sequence in the @entity13633 gene. In addition, the inhibitors failed to impair the @entity60 -mediated antiviral activity against VSV virus. Since induction by @entity60 of @entity26187 and induction of the antiviral state proceed through the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, our results imply that @entity857 -ribosylation reactions are not involved in triggering this pathway. Although the precise mechanism requires further investigation, our results indicate that @entity857 -ribosylation is a crucial step restricted to the signalling pathway which leads to @entity13633 mRNA induction, as well as TNF and MHC class II induction during macrophage activation.

title: Effects of inhibitors of XXXX -ribosylation on macrophage activation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

answer: @entity857 :: (MESH:D000244,Chemical) :: ['ADP']


abstract: The @entity8810 , manifest after parotid @entity130 , is characterized by head and neck @entity450 and abundant sweating of the hyperemic skin in response to gustatory stimuli. The use of the botulin toxin to treat the symptoms in @entity1 with @entity8810 has been described in numerous studies. For some time up until now our Center has achieved excellent results using the group A botulin toxin to overcome the hypertonus of the cricopharyngeal muscle in @entity1 who had undergone laryngectomy and were rehabilitated with voice button. We have sought to extend the use of this toxin to @entity8810 , a relatively frequent complication of parotidectomy. A total of 86 @entity1 participated in the study: 41 males (47.6%) and 45 females (52.4%) ranging in age from 25 to 77 years (average age 51 years). Of these @entity1 7 (8.1%) had undergone post-operative radiotherapy. Of the 86 @entity1 studied, 18 referred significant symptoms in terms of abundance and frequency. The syndrome was considered severe if the symptoms were present at each meal and if the @entity1 indicated a significant worsening of his quality of life. Intermittent episodes were indicated by 22 @entity1 . The remaining 46 (43.5%) did not complain of any symptoms. The exact extension of the cervicofacial @entity8810 was evaluated using the Minor test and the involved region was divided into 1 square centimeters sections. The amount of skin surface involved ranged from 10 to 80 square centimeters. The type A neurotoxin was frozen and was reconstituted with a sterile saline solution at a final concentration of 2.5 UI/0.1 ml. The intracutaneous infiltration was performed without anesthesia, infiltrating 0.1 ml of solution, containing 2.5 UI of toxin into the center of each 1 square centimeters section. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the potential relationship between how long the treatment was effective, incidence of recurrence, seriousness of the crises and the following variables: age, sex, histology, cutaneous surface involved, injected dose of botulin toxin and post-operative radiotherapy. In the group of 18 @entity1 with severe symptoms (20.9%) the benefit was immediate in all cases although the recurrence rate was 50%. The @entity8810 disappeared within 7 days of infiltration. In the group of 22 @entity1 with less severe involvement (25.5%), the treatment gave positive, definitive results in 16 @entity1 (72.7%). Those @entity1 whose symptoms persisted were treated a second time with an infiltration of 2.5 UI per square centimeters. We feel that the use of the type A botulin toxin is the most appropriate treatment for the @entity8810 . In fact, such treatment offers the following advantages: it is effective within 7 days, has limited side effects, can be applied on an outpatient basis, is inexpensive and is positively considered by the @entity1 .

title: [Post-parotidectomy XXXX . Treatment with botulinum toxin type A].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating', "Frey's syndrome symptoms", "Frey's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity8810 :: (MESH:D013547,Disease) :: ['Frey's syndrome']


abstract: @entity3883 in @entity1 with @entity5 can be achieved either by surgical bypass or by intubation and drainage. A simple and effective technique is presented which gives excellent palliation without the need for tubes or stents: left intrahepatic cholangio-enteric @entity254 , using the duct of segment III (i.e. the inferolateral segment of the left liver). The procedure is performed by using the round ligament approach to the duct of segment III in the base of the umbilical fissure. A defunctioned loop of jejunum is then anastomosed to this duct. Over a period of 25 years, 48 @entity1 with @entity5 had this procedure in this unit. The operative mortality ( @entity204 within 2 months) was 6 per cent and the complication rate was 17 per cent. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 had complete relief of @entity1087 and a further 23 per cent had partial relief. The mean survival was 9.2 months and the quality of life was excellent. These data suggest that this is a very satisfactory palliative technique for @entity1 with @entity5 who are not suited for radical @entity5 excision.

title: Left intrahepatic cholangio-enteric @entity254 (round ligament approach): an effective palliative treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Palliation of obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hilar cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize a novel and distinct @entity4310 of @entity4354 , myopic @entity5066 , telecanthus and @entity717 . METHODS: Retrospective series of @entity1 referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist (2005-2010) and recognized to have @entity4354 (horizontal corneal diameter <=10.5 mm as measured by the IOLmaster [Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany]) and myopic @entity5066 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 (4-10 years old) from four consanguineous and/or endogamous Saudi Arabian families were identified. Best-corrected visual acuity in the three @entity1 older than four years and was 20/60 or better; the two four-year-olds showed central, steady, and maintained fixation in either eye. Horizontal corneal diameters ranged from 9.8 to 10.5 mm but anterior chambers were not shallow (2.66-3.01 mm). In the three unrelated probands, myopic @entity5066 was severe and associated with a cycloplegic spherical equivalent at least -6.00 diopters (-6.00 to -13.75) and an axial length of at least 25.63 mm (25.63-26.84). In the two affected @entity1 who were siblings, myopic chorioretinal findings were milder and associated with less @entity1714 (-0.50 to -2.50 diopters) and shorter axial lengths (22.42-23.69 mm). All five affected @entity1 had telecanthus and @entity717 , which were not present in unaffected relatives. In one family, the @entity1 's father was also affected (with both ocular and facial features). CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence of these ocular and facial features in four different inbred families suggests that taken together they represent a distinct clinical syndrome caused by recessive mutations in a gene involved in ocular and facial development.

title: XXXX with myopic @entity5066 , telecanthus and @entity717 : a distinct clinical syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary clinical syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['posteriorly-rotated ears']

entities_list: @entity4354 :: ('MESH:C538287', 'Disease') :: ['microcornea']

answer: @entity4354 :: (MESH:C538287,Disease) :: ['Microcornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and @entity299 have relied on multiple @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) induction/defibrillation tests at implantation to ensure that the device can reliably sense, detect, and convert @entity2224 . The ASSURE Study ( @entity943 Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantations) is the first large, multicenter, prospective trial comparing vulnerability safety margin testing versus defibrillation safety margin testing with a single @entity2224 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 426 @entity1 receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator underwent vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin screening at 14 J in a randomized order. After this, @entity1 underwent confirmatory testing, which required 2 @entity2224 conversions without failure at < or = 21 J. @entity1 who passed their first 14-J and confirmatory tests, irrespective of the results of their second 14-J test, had their devices programmed to a 21-J shock for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 > or = 200 bpm and were followed up for 1 year. Of 420 @entity1 who underwent 14-J vulnerability safety margin screening, 322 (76.7%) passed. Of these, 317 (98.4%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Of 416 @entity1 who underwent 14-J defibrillation safety margin screening, 343 (82.5%) passed, and 338 (98.5%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Most clinical @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes (32 of 37, or 86%) were terminated by the first shock, with no difference in first shock success. In all observed cases in which the first shock was unsuccessful, subsequent shocks terminated @entity1165 / @entity2224 without complication. CONCLUSIONS: Although spontaneous episodes of fast @entity1165 / @entity2224 were limited, there was no difference in the odds of first shock efficacy between groups. Screening with vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin may allow for inductionless or limited shock testing in most @entity1 .

title: Inductionless or limited shock testing is possible in most @entity1 with implantable cardioverter- defibrillators/ XXXX : results of the multicenter ASSURE Study ( @entity943 Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantations).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation', 'VF induction/defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators']


abstract: The present work investigates the relationship between @entity5 cell chemosensitivity and subcellular distribution, molecular interaction, and metabolism of an anticancer drug. To get insights into this relationship, we took advantage of the differential sensitivity of two @entity0 cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, to anthracyclines, along with the property of @entity4600 ( @entity4601 , 22:6n-3), to differentially enhance their cytotoxic activity. The fluorescent drug @entity2664 ( @entity1500 ) was used because of the possibility to study its subcellular accumulation by confocal spectral imaging (CSI). The use of CSI allowed us to obtain semiquantitative maps of four intracellular species: nuclear @entity1500 bound to DNA, @entity1500 oxidative metabolite in endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolic @entity1500 , and finally, @entity1500 in a low polarity environment characteristic of membranes. MDA-MB-231 cells were found to be more sensitive to @entity1500 (IC50 = 18 nM) than MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 196 nM). According to fluorescence levels, the nuclear and cytosolic @entity1500 content was higher in MCF-7 than in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that mechanisms other than nuclear @entity1500 accumulation account for chemosensitivity. In the cytosol, the relative proportion of oxidized @entity1500 was higher in MDA-MB-231 (60%) than in MCF-7 (7%) cells. @entity4601 sensitized MDA-MB-231 (approximately 4-fold) but not MCF-7 cells to @entity1500 and increased @entity1500 accumulation by 1.5-fold in MDA-MB-231 cells only. The @entity4601 -stimulated accumulation of @entity1500 was attributed mainly to the oxidative metabolite. Antioxidant @entity898 inhibited the @entity4601 effect on both metabolite accumulation and cell sensitization to @entity1500 . We conclude that drug metabolism and compartmentalization are associated with cell chemosensitization, and the related @entity137 mechanisms may involve oxidative stress.

title: Differential subcellular distribution of @entity2664 in relation to chemosensitization in two human XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) significantly affects @entity1 quality of life. Medical and surgical treatments aim to clinically manage the condition. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term quality of life and clinical management of @entity102 in @entity1 submitted to @entity50 . METHOD: This prospective cross-sectional cohort study enrolled 38 @entity1 and looked into the follow-up data of subjects diagnosed with @entity102 before surgery, three months after surgery, and at least two years after surgery. The Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) was used to assess response to treatment and long-term clinical management of the disease. RESULTS: Significant improvements in the SNOT-22 scores were seen between the preoperative (61.3) and postoperative assessments with three (16.9) and 24 (32.3) months. No statistically significant differences were seen when @entity1 with @entity1127 were compared to polyp-free subjects. Few @entity1 were controlled in both groups, and 7.89% of the subjects had revision surgery during the study. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery significantly improved the quality of life of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical control of the condition was acceptable, with few @entity1 requiring re-operation within two years of the first surgery.

title: Long-term outcomes of XXXX for chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic sinus surgery']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['endoscopic sinus surgery']


abstract: Sociality and particularly advanced forms of sociality such as cooperative breeding (living in permanent groups with reproductive division of labour) is relatively rare among vertebrates. A suggested constraint on the evolution of sociality is the elevated transmission rate of parasites between group members. Despite such apparent costs, sociality has evolved independently in a number of vertebrate taxa including @entity1 . However, how the costs of @entity4801 are overcome in such cases remains uncertain. We evaluated the potential role of parasites in the evolution of sociality in a member of the African mole- @entity35 , the only @entity1 family that exhibits the entire range of social systems from solitary to eusocial. Here we show that resting metabolic rates decrease whilst daily energy expenditure and energy stores (i.e. body fat) increase with group size in social Natal mole @entity35 (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis). Critically, larger groups also had reduced parasite abundance and infested individuals only showed measurable increases in energy metabolism at high parasite abundance. Thus, in some circumstances, sociality appears to provide energetic benefits that may be diverted into parasite defence. This mechanism is likely to be self-reinforcing and an important factor in the evolution of sociality.

title: Energetic benefits of sociality offset the costs of @entity4801 in a cooperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammal']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to survey the brachytherapy practice for @entity5 in the United States. METHODS: The Clinical Research Committee of the @entity7593 ( @entity7593 ) performed a retrospective survey of individual physicians of the @entity7593 and American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists and Oncologists regarding the details of the brachytherapy techniques they personally used in the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 for the year 1995. The replies (some of which may have been an estimate only) were tabulated. The scope of this survey did not allow us to verify the data by chart audits. RESULTS: A total of about 3500 questionnaires were mailed out; 521 responses were received. Of these responders, 206 (40%) did not perform any brachytherapy for @entity189 in 1995. Of the other 315 responders reporting a total of 4892 @entity1 treated in 1995, 88% used low dose rate (LDR) while 24% used @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ). There was a wide variation in the doses used. For LDR treatments, the median total external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) dose was 45 and 50 Gy and the LDR dose was 42 and 45 Gy for early and advanced @entity5 , respectively. For @entity1168 treatments, the median EBRT dose was 48 and 50 Gy and the median @entity1168 dose was 29 and 30 Gy for early and advanced @entity5 , respectively. The median dose per fraction was 6 Gy for a median of five fractions. Interstitial brachytherapy was used as a component of the treatment in 6% of the @entity1 by 21% of responders. Very few responders treated with pulsed or medium dose rates. CONCLUSION: This retrospective survey showed the current brachytherapy practice pattern in the treatment of @entity5 in the United States and can serve as a basis for future prospective national brachytherapy data registry. There was wide variation in the practice pattern, emphasizing the urgent need for consensus on these issues.

title: The American brachytherapy society survey of brachytherapy practice for XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['ABS', 'American Brachytherapy Society']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate changes in gene expression induced by @entity2790 (IOP) and complete @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) over time. METHODS: A gene array of 18 signal transduction pathways was used to examine the changes in RNA profiles of retinas post- @entity1781 in @entity35 . Among the seven genes that were determined to be upregulated, four were confirmed to have higher expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis: @entity43974 and @entity21679 (both associated with apoptosis induced via the @entity10740 pathway), @entity43975 ), and @entity23305 (cell cycle regulation and apoptosis). Their mRNA levels were then studied by quantitative RT-PCR in experimental @entity726 and @entity1781 over time. Levels of the corresponding proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Proapoptotic genes from the p-53 pathway ( @entity43974 and @entity21679 ), @entity23305 and the prosurvival gene @entity43975 (a caspase inhibitor) were simultaneously and significantly upregulated early after @entity1781 , returning to baseline at 2 weeks. In experimental @entity726 , @entity21679 was significantly upregulated 1 week after induction of increased IOP and stayed upregulated for 2 months and long after IOP returned to baseline. The prosurvival gene @entity43975 was simultaneously upregulated but returned to baseline earlier than the proapoptotic gene. @entity43974 and @entity23305 were only slightly upregulated in @entity726 . Western blot analysis demonstrated upregulation of @entity21679 and @entity43975 proteins. Immunohistochemistry localized these changes to the retinal ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSIONS: Members of the p-53 signal transduction pathway are significantly involved in @entity726 and @entity1781 . The endogenous caspase inhibitor @entity43975 is upregulated simultaneously, possibly as part of an intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism. Changes in @entity726 are gradual and last long after IOP returns to normal.

title: XXXX and optic nerve transection induce simultaneous upregulation of proapoptotic and prosurvival genes.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve transsection', 'ONT']

entities_list: @entity43975 :: ('78971(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IAP-1 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1', 'IAP-1']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Experimental glaucoma']


abstract: @entity754 gene is regulated at the transcriptional level by the intracellular level of @entity3150 in animal cells. We have recently identified a 20 bp long region (-145 to -126), designated Footprint 1 (FP1), participating in maximal expression of the @entity1 @entity754 gene in the absence of @entity3150 in HepG2 cells [Mehta, K. D., Chang, R., Underwood, J., Wise, J. and Kumar, A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem ., 271, 33616-33622]. To determine the minimal FP1 sequence and to define the critical @entity2036 required for function, a series of single @entity377 substitutions were introduced in the FP1 region. Twenty-three independent mutations were analyzed by transfection into HepG2 cells. These studies localize the regulatory region to 14 bp and demonstrate the requirement for essential @entity6989 at positions -135 and -136 for FP1 function. Furthermore, transfection studies suggest that the FP1-dependent increase in reporter gene expression is possibly mediated through interaction with the @entity5068 -regulatory element. UV cross-linking and Southwestern blot analysis identified FP1-binding factors of approximately 50 and 125 kDa, which we have denoted @entity2451 and @entity43117 . Mutations of the critical @entity2774 residues (-135/-136) decreased the formation of the specific protein-DNA complex with the FP1 sequence and abolished its binding to the @entity43117 . We conclude that direct interaction of the @entity43117 factor with these nucleotides of the FP1 element potentially contributes to FP1-dependent induction of @entity754 gene expression.

title: Identification of essential nucleotides of the FP1 element responsible for enhancement of XXXX gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the first reported case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity2972 caused by a massive CSF-containing @entity45 . STUDY DESIGN: A case report and review of the literature (MEDLINE 1962-2005). SETTING: A tertiary neurotologic referral center. @entity1 : A 65-year-old @entity1 with @entity1158 presented with left-sided spontaneous CSF @entity2972 of 4-month duration. An audiogram revealed a mixed @entity393 . High-resolution computed tomography revealed a thinning of the tegmen and epitympanum without an obvious defect. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a massive @entity45 essentially replacing the entire left cerebral hemisphere. INTERVENTION: A transmastoid approach with three-layered closure was used to successfully repair the sieve-like defects that were discovered in her tegmen. RESULTS: The @entity1 remains free of drainage, and the conductive @entity393 has resolved. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous CSF @entity2972 caused by a @entity45 is an uncommon cause of conductive @entity393 that has never been reported before. Only a few cases of traumatic CSF @entity2972 / @entity5254 associated with a @entity45 have been reported. A high level of suspicion, a beta2- @entity69 assay, and appropriate radiographic imaging are required for diagnosis in adults without a history of @entity130 , @entity693 , @entity2169 , or previous ear surgery.

title: Porencephalic cyst: a review of the literature and management of a rare cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['porencephalic cyst']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ear disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2972 :: (MESH:D002558,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity5343 require lifelong treatment with glucocorticoids. At present, no glucocorticoid replacement therapy (GRT) can exactly mimic normal physiology. As a consequence, under- and especially overtreatment can occur. Suboptimal GRT may lead to various side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of salivary @entity701 day curves (SCDC) in the individual adjustment of GRT in order to approach normal @entity701 levels as closely as possible, reduce over- and underreplacement and study the short-term effects on quality of life (QoL). DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity5343 were included in this prospective study. A SCDC was obtained and compared to normal controls; general and disease specific QoL-questionnaires were completed. Based on SCDC assessment of over- and undertreatment (calculated as duration (h)   magnitude (nmol/L) at different time points, glucocorticoid dose and regime were adjusted. After 4 weeks SCDC and QoL assessment were repeated and the effect of adjusting GRT was analysed. RESULTS: At baseline, underreplacement was present in 3 and overreplacement in 18 @entity1 ; total calculated overreplacement was 32.8 h.nmol/L. Overreplacement decreased significantly to 13.3 h. nmol/L (p =0.005) after adjustment of GRT. Overreplacement was found particularly in the afternoon and evening. After reducing overreplacement in the evening, complaints about @entity25 significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Individual adjustment of GRT based on SCDC to approach normal @entity701 concentrations during the day can reduce overreplacement, especially in the evening. This can lead to a @entity25 and fatigue in @entity1 with @entity5343 . A SCDC is a simple and @entity1 -friendly tool for adjusting GRT and can be useful in the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity5343 .

title: Salivary XXXX day curves in assessing glucocorticoid replacement therapy in @entity5343 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of sleep disturbances', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of a two-stage approach to laparoscopic @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) in @entity1 with @entity1204 . DESIGN: Prospective case series. @entity1 : Twenty-three consecutive, unselected @entity1 with @entity1204 were managed prospectively according to a previously defined protocol. All had laparoscopic hysterectomy, ten required pelvic and one had an @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ). Pelvic lymph node @entity3 (PLNM) were present in two (20%) and aortic lymph node @entity3 in one (10%) @entity1 . Mean age was 60; three @entity1 were over 80 years old, and two were 78 years old. Mean weight and body mass index were 192 and 33.5, respectively; two @entity1 weighed over 300 pounds and another two weighed over 250 pounds. Mean anesthetic time was 3.2 hours, mean @entity190 469 ccs, and mean drop in hemoglobin 2.5 g/dl. One @entity1 was transfused. Median hospital stay was 2 days. One @entity1 had a questionable ileus post-operatively, and another was hospitalized for 10 days to control her @entity6 and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: By predicating @entity2333 on the presence of PLNM in @entity1204 , the number of @entity2333 can be reduced without reducing the number of aortic lymph node @entity3 detected, and laparoscopic management can be extended to morbidly @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Preliminary prospective observations on the laparoscopic management of XXXX using the two-stage approach to @entity2333 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic lymphadenectomy', 'ALN']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) @entity7744 polymorphism is reported to be implicated in @entity65 . The association between the @entity7744 polymorphism and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) changes in response to exogenous @entity2178 and @entity917 was evaluated by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. METHODS: Thirteen normotensive, healthy adults (six with the 1166A/A polymorphism and seven with @entity7744 ) were enrolled in this clinical study. @entity2178 was infused continuously over a 2-min period at four different rates (from 5 ng/kg/min and increased by 5 ng/kg/min) at 0 (before @entity917 dosing), 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after a single oral dose of @entity917 (40 mg). BP was measured serially before and at the end of each rate of @entity2178 infusion. Plasma concentration-time profiles of @entity917 were established over a 24-h period. We analyzed data using NONMEM and studied the relationship between the @entity7743 @entity7744 genotypes and BP responses. RESULTS: Plasma @entity917 concentrations and DBP data best fitted into a two-compartment linear model and E(max) model (E(max) with baseline for @entity2178 and inhibitory E(max) for @entity917 ), respectively. The ED50 for @entity2178 in the subjects with @entity7744 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.30 approximately 14.02 ng/kg/min] was significantly lower than in those with 1166A/A (95% CI: 14.23 approximately 28.77 ng/kg/min), while the E(max) for @entity2178 and EC50 for @entity917 was similar in both genotype groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exogenous @entity1 @entity2178 increases the BP more potently in subjects with @entity7744 than in those with 1166A/A.

title: @entity7743 XXXX polymorphism in association with blood pressure response to exogenous @entity2178 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity7744 :: (c|SUB|A|1166|C,DNAMutation) :: ['1166A/C']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ) receive much of their care at university based hospital outpatient clinics. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of @entity1 who continued care at our university based @entity717 clinic, and to document the reasons for which a subset discontinued care. Seventy @entity1 (77% female) were recruited from all @entity1 at the clinic (n = 323). Most (93%) were treated with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, and @entity9381 was initially used in 97%. The average dose of @entity9381 was 270.4 U (range 50-500) and the median number of injections was 14 (range: 1-39).  Twenty one @entity1 later received at least one cycle of rimabotulinumtoxinB (33%); of those, 10 switched back to @entity9381 (48%). The initial rimabotulinumtoxinB dose averaged 11,996 units (range: 3000-25,000 over 1-18 injections). Twenty one @entity1 (30%) discontinued care. Reasons cited included suboptimal response to BoNT therapy (62%), excessive cost (24%), excessive travel burden (10%), and side effects of BoNT therapy (10%). Most @entity1 (76%) did not seek further care after leaving the clinic. @entity1 who terminated care received fewer treatment cycles (5.5 vs. 13.0, p = 0.020). There were no other identifiable differences between groups in gender, age, disease characteristics, toxin dose, or toxin formulation. These results indicate that a significant number of @entity6389 @entity1 discontinue care due to addressable barriers to access, including cost and travel burden, and that when leaving specialty care, @entity1 often discontinue treatment altogether. These data highlight the need for new initiatives to reduce out-of-pocket costs, as well as training for community physicians on neurotoxin injection in order to lessen the travel burden @entity1 must accept in order to receive standard-of-care treatments.

title: Continuation of long-term care for @entity6389 at an XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['academic movement disorders']


abstract: Secondary side-effects often occur in @entity1 undergoing hormonal stimulation treatment with @entity4082 . In general 10.4% of @entity1 experience hot flushing, 5.5% have complaints caused by enlargement of the ovaries and 3.5% experience central nervous symptoms (nervousness, @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity227 , vertigo). During @entity43 with @entity4082 for in-vitro fertilization, a 32 year old @entity1 developed @entity716 symptoms, commencing 3 days after initiation of treatment. Hospitalization in the @entity146 ward became necessary when severe formal and rational thought disturbances arose together with perceptory and sensory delusions. Under neuroleptic treatment the symptoms improved. Nevertheless, follow-up @entity146 care on an outpatient basis was deemed necessary. The @entity249 treatment was continued with @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin stimulation. Psychiatric instability occurred neither at this point nor during the 2 year follow-up observation period. Both an exogenous @entity716 ( @entity1479 F23.9) as well as the exacerbation of an endogenous @entity716 ( @entity1479 F29) may be considered for the differential diagnosis. The stimulation with @entity4082 in connection with the physical and psychic stress of the @entity249 therapy can be regarded as the trigger factor. For @entity1 with evidence of @entity146 in their case history, ovulation-inducing substances such as @entity4082 should be implemented with particular care.

title: @entity4082 as a possible cause of a XXXX reaction during @entity249 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stimulation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: The growth, yield, and @entity505 content of eight-month old seedlings of @entity15132 were compared under water and @entity1133 supplementation. One set of plants were subjected to @entity2700 ( @entity2700 ), whereas the other supplied with 2 g of @entity1133 ( @entity2700 +U) under @entity2700 . Both the experimental set ups were exposed to varying treatment levels which include full irrigation (100%, control) followed by 75% (T1), 50% (T2), 25% (T3) and 12.5% (T4). The growth, leaf area and relative water content were maximum under @entity2700 when compared to @entity2700 +U (p < 0.001). The maximum biomass was produced in the seedlings under @entity2700 in control (1.68 g) followed by T1 (1.38 g), T2 (1.53 g), T3 (0.93 g) and T4 (0.73 g). A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in biomass production was observed in @entity2700 +U in control (1.28 g), T1 (0.66 g), T2 (1.13 g) and T3 (0.44 g). T4 of @entity2700 +U showed similar biomass (0.73 g) as that of T4 of @entity2700 . Under @entity2700 , the highest biomass allocation was recorded in shoots followed by leaves and roots. Similar trend was observed in @entity2700 +U. However, the percentage of allocation was more in the roots of @entity2700 +U (27.2%) when compared to @entity2700 (22.24 %). The highest amount of @entity505 content was observed in control plants treated under @entity2700 (9.59 g) followed by control plants of @entity2700 +U (7.31 g) (p < 0.001). The results of the preliminary study clearly indicated that @entity15132 seedlings were able to cope-up with water stress conditions without @entity1133 application and can perform well in 50% water availability and is best suited for the plantation programs in the semi-arid ecosystems.

title: Comparative study on growth, yield and XXXX content in @entity15132 under water stress and @entity1133 supplementation.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'water stress condition']

entities_list: @entity15132 :: ('56065', 'Species') :: ['P. pinnata', 'Pongamia pinnata']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed on two subsequent @entity1582 @entity1 series treated with the same conventional induction treatments, @entity3601 and @entity229 or alternating VMCP/VBAP: 273 were enrolled in the multicentre M83 trial (M83 trial group) from 1983 to 1986; 160 were referred to a single institution (Haemat. To group) from 1986 to 1994. Response to treatment was very similar in the two groups (53% v 50.3%). Remission duration curves merely overlapped (median 20 v 21 months). However, overall survival was significantly longer in the Haemat. To group (43.2 v 33 months, P < 0.04). This difference was due to a prolonged period from relapse or progression to death (21 v 8 months, P < 0.01; 20.8 v 7 months, P < 0.009). Prolonged survival was also observed in poor-prognosis @entity1 with a serum @entity2262 level > 3 mg/l, in the Haemat. To group (31.8 v 24.2 months, P < 0.04). The same induction treatments produced almost identical response rate and remission duration in both groups, but overall survival was 10 months longer for one group. However, it could be argued that treatment salvage modalities and support therapies have been improved in a decade. Lastly, induction treatments did not influence overall survival.

title: Conventional induction treatments do not influence overall survival in multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']