abstract: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in the first years of life is associated with developmental defects of enamel in the permanent dentition. We investigated if @entity177 also affects the primary (deciduous) dentition. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity177 on conservative treatment (n = 12) or on renal replacement therapy (n = 19) underwent dental inspection. In addition, 18 @entity177 @entity1 provided an exfoliated deciduous tooth for microscopic examination. Enamel defects were detected in a total of 12 @entity1 (31%), either clinically or microscopically. Of the 7 @entity1 affected clinically, 6 (19% of all examined) presented @entity2631 of the primary @entity235 , which was found only in 3% of healthy control @entity1 : 1 @entity1 had generalized @entity558 . By microscopy, 5 of 10 primary @entity235 examined showed @entity2193 localized exclusively in enamel formed after birth. The "birth line," a visible structure within the primary enamel, was always present, which excludes a prenatal onset of the defects. Of the 12 @entity1 with an enamel defect, 9 had a documented onset of @entity177 within the first 7 weeks of life. We conclude that @entity8 leading to @entity177 may affect enamel formation of primary teeth in early postnatal life, resulting in lesions different from those observed in the secondary dentition.

title: @entity2193 of primary teeth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['pitted enamel hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypoplasia']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: The presence of >or=5 circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) in 7.5 mL blood from @entity1 with measurable metastatic @entity0 before and/or after initiation of therapy is associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival. In this report, we compared the use of CTCs to radiology for prediction of overall survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred thirty-eight metastatic @entity0 @entity1 had imaging studies done before and a median of 10 weeks after the initiation of therapy. All scans were centrally reviewed by two independent radiologists using WHO criteria to determine radiologic response. CTC counts were determined approximately 4 weeks after initiation of therapy. Specimens were analyzed at one of seven laboratories and reviewed by a central laboratory. RESULTS: Interreader variability for radiologic responses and CTC counts were 15.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The median overall survival of 13 (9%) @entity1 with radiologic nonprogression and >or=5 CTCs was significantly shorter than that of the 83 (60%) @entity1 with radiologic nonprogression and <5 CTCs (15.3 versus 26.9 months; P=0.0389). The median overall survival of the 20 (14%) @entity1 with radiologic progression and <5 CTCs was significantly longer than the 22 (16%) @entity1 with >or=5 CTCs that showed progression by radiology (19.9 versus 6.4 months; P=0.0039). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of CTCs is an earlier, more reproducible indication of disease status than current imaging methods. CTCs may be a superior surrogate end point, as they are highly reproducible and correlate better with overall survival than do changes determined by traditional radiology.

title: Circulating @entity5 cells versus imaging--predicting overall survival in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE.   To quantify the association between admission to an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) room most recently occupied by a @entity1 positive for extended-spectrum b-lactamase (EBSL)-producing gram-negative bacteria and acquisition of infection or colonization with that pathogen. DESIGN.   Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 .   The study included @entity1 admitted to medical and surgical ICUs of an academic medical center between September 1, 2001, and June 30, 2009. METHODS.   Perianal surveillance cultures were obtained at admission to the @entity1213 , weekly, and at discharge from the @entity1213 . @entity1 were included if they had culture results that were negative for ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria at @entity1213 admission and had an @entity1213 length of stay longer than 48 hours. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on ESBL-positive isolates from @entity1 who acquired the same bacterial species (eg, @entity4005 or @entity526 ) as the previous room occupant. RESULTS.   Among 9,371 eligible admissions (7,651 unique @entity1 ), 267 (3%) involved @entity1 who acquired an ESBL-producing pathogen in the @entity1213 ; of these @entity1 , 32 (12%) were hospitalized in a room in which the prior occupant had been positive for ESBL. Logistic regression results suggested that the prior occupant's ESBL status was not significantly associated with acquisition of an ESBL-producing pathogen (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.08]) after adjusting for colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure in the @entity1213 . PFGE results suggested that 6 (18%) of 32 @entity1 acquired a bacterial strain that was the same as or closely related to the strain obtained from the prior occupant. CONCLUSIONs.   These data suggest that environmental contamination may not play a substantial role in the transmission of ESBL-producing pathogens among @entity1213 @entity1 . Intensifying environmental decontamination may be less effective than other interventions in preventing transmission of ESBL-producing pathogens.

title: Risk of acquiring extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing XXXX and @entity526 from prior room occupants in the @entity1213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella species']

answer: @entity4005 :: (MESH:D007710,Disease) :: ['Klebsiella species']


abstract: Ureteral stones tend to induce inflammatory lesions in the ureteric wall; such lesions may interfere with the probability of spontaneous @entity1901 passage. Plasma @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is an acute-phase protein whose serum level is increases in response to inflammation, as in ureteric inflammatory disorders induced by stone impaction. @entity1 with distal ureteric stones were included in this study. All @entity1 were subjected to history taking KUB, urinary tract ultrasound, Non-contrast CT (NC-CTKUB) scan, and plasma @entity1851 estimation. All @entity1 received medical expulsive therapy. @entity1 were examined weekly using KUB and urinary tract ultrasound until spontaneous stone passage or intervention after 4  weeks. @entity1 who failed to expel the stone within 4  weeks underwent ureteroscopy. Spontaneous stone expulsion within 4  weeks was recorded in 129 @entity1 (54.9  %), while 106 @entity1 (45.1  %) underwent ureteroscopy for stone extraction. @entity1 with spontaneous stone expulsion had significantly lower serum @entity1851 levels (16.45  +  2.58) than those who failed to pass the stone spontaneously (39.67  +  6.30). Receiver operator characteristic curve is used to determine @entity1851 cut-off point for prediction of spontaneous ureteric stone expulsion. A cut-off point of 21.9  mg/L for @entity1851 yielded appeared optimal for prediction of spontaneous ureteric stone expulsion. Medical expulsive therapy success for management of small distal ureteric calculi could be predicted with plasma @entity1851 . @entity1 with @entity1851 >21.9  mg/L have low stone expulsion rate and should directly be subjected for an immediate, minimally invasive ureteroscopy.

title: Stone expulsion rate of small distal ureteric calculi could be predicted with plasma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity291 tritrichomonosis is a @entity2953 caused by Tritrichomonas foetus, characterized by conceptus loss. We developed a @entity19 model of tritrichomonosis to study the mechanisms involved in the @entity204 . We hypothesized that @entity204 may be due to an exacerbated maternal response to the pathogen that then affects embryo development. METHOD OF STUDY: We infected BALB/c @entity19 with Tritrichomonas foetus and paired them after confirming active @entity281 . We studied the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers for T regulatory and T helper 17 cells as well as @entity10183 expression in uterine tissue by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: As expected, @entity637 was augmented in infected animals. @entity1618 and @entity58 were also up-regulated. Treg-associated genes were higher expressed in uteri of infected group. In @entity19 that have lost their conceptus after the @entity281 , @entity10183 ( @entity10183 ) mRNA levels were strongly decreased, while RORyt mRNA, a reliable marker for Th17, was augmented in uterus. CONCLUSION: A T effector response of type 1 and 17 may be involved in tritrichomonosis-related @entity204 . This alters protective mechanisms as @entity10183 . Increased regulatory T cells may facilitate @entity204 by promoting the persistence of @entity281 .

title: Study of the uterine local immune response in a XXXX model of @entity204 due to Tritrichomonas foetus.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the role of virtual cystoscopy (VC) comparing it with cystopanendoscopy (CPE) for detecting @entity150 (s). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional ethics committee. After an informed consent 30 @entity1 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the prospective non-randomized clinical study and were evaluated as per protocol with VC performed by a qualified radiologist who was blinded to the findings of CPE performed by a qualified urologist. The results so obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 56 years. Sensitivity of VC in detecting @entity1494 was 92%. However, when axial images were also interpreted along with VC, the sensitivity increased to 96% for detecting @entity1494 . The specificity of VC with axial CT was 40% in respect of detecting @entity1494 . VC with axial CT was 85.7% sensitive in identifying multiple @entity150 . There were no complications on account of performing VC. Minor problems were encountered with VC and CPE in 16.7% and 13.3% @entity1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VC with axial CT is 96% sensitive in detecting @entity1494 and 85.7% sensitive in detecting the multiplicity of the @entity5 . VC may be a useful complementary diagnostic tool for the workup of select @entity1 with suspected @entity1494 . However, larger randomized controlled studies are needed to better define the precise clinical and diagnostic role of VC in routine practice. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective Clinical Comparative Non Randomized Clinical Study.

title: Virtual cystoscopy (pneumo-cystoscopy)-Its utility in the prospective evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesions']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: This is a report on the clinical signs of @entity66 in 37 @entity742 and the pathology of 4 natural and 12 experimental cases. Generally the symptoms were ill-defined. At autopsy 13 of the 14 @entity742 revealed a mild to severe @entity1087 and a slight to moderate @entity382 with discoloration of the liver. No foci of @entity99 were observed macroscopically and, except for petechial and ecchymotic @entity548 and generalized @entity3329 , no other obvious macroscopic lesions were noted. Perforation of the abomasum occurred in one lamb only. Microscopy on the liver showed mild to extensive @entity39 of the parenchyma. @entity528 hepatocytes were diffusely scattered throughout the liver, but no definite well-circumscribed foci of @entity39 were seen. Mitotic figures and hepatocytes with large nuclei indicated that active regeneration of parenchymal cells had occurred in some of the livers. Other changes, for example, Kupffer cell proliferation, @entity5501 , bile duct proliferation and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the portal triads, were frequently encountered. Moderate to severe @entity1448 was a feature in 66% of the livers examined, while intranuclear inclusions and intracytoplasmic acidophilic or Councilman-like bodies were frequently observed. A complete haematological study was carried out on 4 experimentally produced cases. The gross and histopathological lesions in the liver are compared with those of @entity10787 in the new-born lamb.

title: XXXX , pathological, haematological and clinical studies in natural cases and experimentally infected new-born @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Wesselsbron disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages in the mucosa of the abomasum']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10787 :: ('MESH:D012295', 'Disease') :: ['Rift Valley fever']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal leucostasis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerated and necrotic']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Wesselsbron disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) operating at 585 nm wavelength and 0.45 msec pulsewidth offer effective treatment for @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ). Vessels in leg @entity8721 are larger than those in @entity3809 . Longer pulsewidths and wavelengths may improve clearance of these larger vessels. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were treated using PDL at 595 nm and 1.5 msec. Vessel diameters ranging from 0.635 to 1.067 mm were treated using energy densities of 15 and 18 J/cm2, and a 2 x 7 mm elliptical spot. @entity8721 clearance and complications were scored at 6-weeks and 5-months following the single treatment. RESULTS: Results demonstrated > 50% clearance by 6 weeks in 11/26 (42.3%) @entity1 using 15 J/cm2, and 6/13 (45.2%) using 18 J/cm2. By 5 months > 50% clearance was noted in 18/34 (53.0%) using 15 J/cm2, and 11/17 (64.7%) using 18 J/cm2. Complications were minor and infrequent. CONCLUSION: The long-pulse PDL may have a role in treating leg @entity8721 .

title: Treatment of leg XXXX using a long-pulse dye laser at 595 nm.

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'port wine stains']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias', 'Telangiectasia']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antioxidants increase the resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation and may thereby reduce risk for @entity731 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether intake of @entity270 , @entity620 , or carotenoids predict risk for total or @entity385 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: The Health Professionals Follow-up Study. @entity1 : 43,738 @entity1 40 to 75 years of age who did not have @entity65 or @entity6 . MEASUREMENTS: Repeated and validated dietary assessments were done by using a self-administered 131-item food-frequency questionnaire, which included questions on dose and duration of vitamin supplement use. The follow-up period was 8 years. RESULTS: A total of 328 @entity64 occurred: 210 ischemic, 70 hemorrhagic, and 48 unclassified. After adjustment for age, smoking, @entity101 , @entity1007 , body mass index, physical activity, parental history of @entity583 , @entity167 consumption, and total energy intake, the relative risk for @entity385 in the top quintile of @entity270 intake (median, 411 IU/d) compared with the bottom quintile (5.4 IU/d) was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.82). The relative risk for @entity385 in the top quintile of @entity620 intake (1167 mg/d) compared with the bottom quintile (95 mg/d) was 1.03 (CI, 0.66 to 1.59). Results for total @entity64 were similar. Associations of @entity2221 intake with @entity64 were also nonsignificant, but the CIs were wide. Neither dose nor duration of @entity270 or @entity620 supplement use was related to risk for total or @entity385 . The relative risk for @entity385 was 1.16 (CI, 0.81 to 1.67) in @entity1 using 250 IU or more of @entity270 supplementation per day compared with @entity1 who used no @entity270 supplements and was 0.93 (CI, 0.60 to 1.45) in @entity1 using 700 mg or more of @entity620 supplementation per day compared with @entity1 who used no @entity620 supplements. A significant inverse relation between @entity8665 intake and risk for @entity385 was seen but was not independent of other dietary factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity270 and @entity620 supplements and specific carotenoids did not seem to substantially reduce risk for @entity64 in this cohort. Modest effects, however, cannot be excluded.

title: Relation of consumption of @entity270 , @entity620 , and carotenoids to risk for @entity64 among XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity1313 form the most common type of solid @entity5 in @entity1 and more that 50% of these are infratentorial. @entity76 and brain stem @entity11 are the commonest posterior fossa @entity5 in @entity1 . @entity76 represent up to 10% of all primary @entity1313 and up to 25% of @entity6804 in @entity1 , with Low grade @entity11 forming the commonest of the @entity11 . They commonly present with symptoms and signs of @entity428 due to obstructive @entity1276 . Radiologically they may be solid or cystic with or without a mural nodule. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment and forms the most consistent factor influencing progression free and long term survival. While majority of the @entity5 are @entity816 , they may also be @entity816 or even high grade @entity5 . @entity5 histology does not appear to be an independent factor in the prognosis of these @entity1 , and therefore no palliative treatment after surgery is advocated. Brain stem @entity11 account for approximately 10% of all pediatric @entity1313 . @entity129 , @entity6447 with or without symptoms and signs of @entity428 are classically described symptoms and signs. Radiographic findings and clinical correlates can be used to categorize brain stem @entity5 into four types: diffuse, focal, exophytic and cervicomedullary. Histologically most brain stem @entity11 are @entity816 . Diffuse brain stem @entity11 are the most commonly seen @entity5 in the brain stem. These lesions are malignant high grade @entity816 . @entity5 of the brain stem are @entity75 generally less than 2 cms in size, without associated @entity4 . Most commonly seen in the midbrain or medulla, they form a heterogeneous pathological group, showing indolent growth except when the lesion is a @entity6196 . @entity5 lie in the fourth ventricle, while cervicomedullary lesions are similar to @entity5 . Expanding lesions are the only lesions amenable for excision while infiltrative and ventral lesions are not.

title: Management of posterior fossa @entity11 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumors']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerve signs']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'Brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumours', 'Dorsally exophytic tumours', 'tumour', 'Focal tumours', 'spinal intramedullary tumours', 'tumours', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['demarcated lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'cerebellar gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary astrocytomas', 'pilocytic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia and cerebellar signs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity308 are common in @entity1 with @entity179 . Imaging studies suggest that a disruption of frontal-subcortical pathways may underlie @entity308 associated with @entity21 . This pilot study tested the hypothesis that @entity75 contributes to @entity308 associated with @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) and @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). @entity308 @entity1 with @entity9576 (n = 11), @entity7463 (n = 9), and age-matched controls (n = 25) underwent measures of cerebral @entity413 metabolism applying positron emission tomography with @entity419 . Regional metabolism in the @entity1 groups was compared to the normal subjects using the voxel-based statistical parametric mapping. Depressive symptom severity (Hamilton @entity308 Rating) and degree of locomotor disability (Hoehn _ Yahr) were assessed in the @entity1 groups. The association between prefrontal metabolism and the occurrence of @entity717 was investigated. When compared to controls, @entity9576 @entity1 revealed significant metabolic decreases in bilateral frontal, parietal, and cerebellar cortex and in the left putamen. In @entity7463 @entity1 , significant hypometabolism was demonstrated in bilateral frontal cortex, right thalamus, and midbrain. @entity308 severity but not the @entity1 ' functional condition was significantly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal @entity413 metabolism in both @entity1 groups. The findings of this pilot study support the hypothesis that @entity308 in @entity9576 and @entity7463 are associated with @entity409 .

title: Prefrontal cortex dysfunction and XXXX in atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms and the degree of locomotor disability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressed', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['prefrontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia disease']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age at initiation of helmet therapy for @entity12832 and the rate of correction. METHODS: @entity1 treated for @entity12832 with a helmet orthosis between 2009 and 2010 were included. @entity1 were stratified prospectively by the age at which treatment was initiated: group 1, younger than 20 weeks (n = 26); group 2, 20 to 23.9 weeks (n = 59); group 3, 24 to 27.9 weeks (n = 82); group 4, 28 to 31.9 weeks (n = 62); group 5, 32 to 35.9 weeks (n = 45); group 6, 36 to 40 weeks (n = 29), and group 7, older than 40 weeks (n = 43). Pretreatment and posttreatment calvarial asymmetry was measured using direct anthropometry and reported as a transcranial difference. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-six @entity1 were included; initial transcranial difference was equivalent on all paired-group comparisons. Duration of helmet therapy positively correlated with age at initiation (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). The rate of change in transcranial difference correlated negatively with age at treatment onset (r = -0.88, p < 0.05): group 1, 0.93 mm/week; group 2, 0.64 mm/week; group 3, 0.59 mm/week; group 4, 0.56 mm/week; group 5, 0.41 mm/week; group 6, 0.42 mm/week; and group 7, 0.42 mm/week). At the conclusion of therapy, all groups had improved calvarial symmetry, albeit less completely in groups 6 and 7. CONCLUSIONS: The correction rate of @entity9283 with helmet therapy decreases with increasing @entity1 age; after 32 weeks, there is a slow and relatively constant rate of change. Improvement can still be achieved in @entity1 older than 12 months. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.

title: Helmet treatment of XXXX : the relationship between age at initiation and rate of correction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity12832 :: ('MESH:D049068', 'Disease') :: ['deformational plagiocephaly']

answer: @entity12832 :: (MESH:D049068,Disease) :: ['deformational plagiocephaly']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine if a 3-way interaction among genotype, dietary @entity376 , and @entity2723 is an important influence on dietary responses. The genotypes were Ross 308 and Cobb in experiment 1 and Ross 508 and Arbor Acres Classic in experiment 2. The experimental designs were completely randomized with an incomplete 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. On d 7 of experiment 1, 4 replicate pens of 6 chicks each were fed 1 combination of dietary @entity376 and @entity2723 (17% @entity2723 with 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8% @entity376 and 23% @entity2723 with 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9% @entity376 ) until d 21. On d 17 of experiment 2, 4 replicate pens of 35 chicks each were fed 1 combination of dietary @entity376 and @entity2723 (17% @entity2723 with 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9% @entity376 and 23% @entity2723 with 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0% @entity376 ) until d 42. On d 43 of experiment 2, 3 birds per pen were processed. Regression analysis showed differences (P < 0.05) due to genotype for body @entity1017 (BWG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in experiment 1, and BWG, carcass yield, breast fillet and tender yields, and abdominal fat pad percentage in experiment 2. Increasing dietary @entity2723 decreased abdominal fat pad percentage in both experiments; however, increasing dietary @entity376 only decreased this parameter in the starter-phase chicks. In both experiments, Ross broilers had a greater response to supplemental @entity376 when 17% @entity2723 was fed, but less response to supplemental @entity376 when 23% @entity2723 was fed for both BWG and FCR (3-way interaction). Three-way interactions between dietary @entity2723 and @entity376 levels and genotype were observed for BWG (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.01), and FCR (P < 0.02) in experiment 1 and for feed intake (P < 0.06) and FCR (P < 0.03) in experiment 2. The 3-way interactions demonstrate that quantitative differences exist between genotypes in response to increasing dietary levels of @entity2723 and @entity376 .

title: Performance of different broiler genotypes fed diets with varying levels of dietary crude protein and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity27607 (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used to treat @entity712 . Previous studies demonstrated that QL could prevent @entity299 and @entity1184 in response to @entity101 or ischemic stress. However, little is known about whether QL could modulate @entity1283 in vitro, and (if so) whether it is through modulation of specific @entity1184 -related microRNA. METHODS: The primary neonatal @entity35 ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated, cultured, and treated with @entity2647 (PE, 50   mol/L, 48 h) to induce @entity1184 in vitro, in the presence or absence of pretreatment with QL (0.5   g/ml, 48 h). The cell surface area was determined by immunofluorescent staining for a-actinin. The mRNA levels of @entity1184 markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ), and b-myosin heavy chain ( @entity8384 ) were assayed by qRT-PCRs. The protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes was determined by the protein/DNA ratio. The miR-199a-5p expression level was quantified in PE-treated cardiomyocytes and heart samples from acute @entity583 (AMI) @entity19 model. MiR-199a-5p overexpression was used to determine its role in the anti- @entity1184 effect of QL on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS: PE induced obvious enlargement of cell surface in cardiomyocytes, paralleling with increased ANP, @entity24397 , and @entity8384 mRNA levels and elevated protein/DNA ratio. All these changes were reversed by the treatment with QL. Meanwhile, miR-199a-5p was increased in AMI @entity19 heart tissues. Of note, the increase of miR-199a-5p in PE-treated cardiomyocytes was reversed by the treatment with QL. Moreover, overexpression of miR-199a-5p abolished the anti- @entity1184 effect of QL on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: QL prevents PE-induced @entity1283 . MiR-199a-5p is increased in @entity1283 , while reduced by treatment with QL. miR-199a-5p suppression is essential for the anti- @entity1184 effect of QL on cardiomyocytes.

title: @entity27607 Attenuates XXXX -Induced @entity1283 through Downregulation of MiR-199a-5p.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity24397 :: ('18158(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity27607 :: ('MESH:C572413', 'Chemical') :: ['Qiliqiangxin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['Phenylephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adalimumab induced clinical remission after four weeks in @entity1 with active @entity30 in the CLASSIC I trial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long term efficacy and safety of adalimumab maintenance therapy in @entity30 in a follow-on randomised controlled trial (CLASSIC II). METHODS: In the preceding CLASSIC I trial, 299 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity30 naive to @entity5 necrosis factor antagonists received induction therapy with adalimumab 40 mg/20 mg, 80 mg/40 mg, or 160 mg/80 mg, or placebo, at weeks 0 and 2. In all, 276 @entity1 from CLASSIC I enrolled in CLASSIC II and received open-label adalimumab 40 mg at weeks 0 (week 4 of CLASSIC I) and 2; 55 @entity1 in remission at both weeks 0 and 4 were re-randomised to adalimumab 40 mg every other week, 40 mg weekly, or placebo for 56 weeks. @entity1 not in remission at both weeks 0 and 4 were enrolled in an open-label arm and received adalimumab 40 mg every other week. With non-response or flare, these @entity1 could have their dosages increased to 40 mg weekly. @entity1 in the randomised arm with continued non-response or disease flare could switch to open-label adalimumab 40 mg every other week and again to 40 mg weekly. The primary end point was maintenance of remission (CDAI <150) in randomised @entity1 through week 56. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 randomised at week 4, 79% who received adalimumab 40 mg every other week and 83% who received 40 mg weekly were in remission at week 56, v 44% for placebo (p<0.05). In all, 204 @entity1 entered the open-label arm. Of these, 93 (46%) were in clinical remission at week 56. Adalimumab was generally well-tolerated in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab induced and maintained clinical remission for up to 56 weeks in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity30 naive to anti-TNF treatment.

title: Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of XXXX : results of the CLASSIC II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity263 has become a @entity102 . In this context, it is important to take into account the quality of life of @entity1 and their family in the therapeutic approach. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of @entity308 and the risk of suicide in @entity1 with @entity263 as well as the repercussions of the disease on the spouse and their relationship. The implication of hormonal treatment in the increase in risk of @entity308 is difficult to affirm. Few studies have investigated this subject and they present methodological biases. Some authors report an increased risk of @entity73 in @entity1 on @entity342 deprivation. However, even if certain physiopathological hypotheses have been put forward, the imputability of the treatment on the alteration of cognitive functions has not been clearly established. Urologists are at the forefront of diagnosis and treatment of @entity263 occurring most often in elderly subjects. Therefore, given the prevalence of @entity308 and/or the alteration of cognitive functions in this population, the urologist must be aware of these different factors, which are potentially aggravated by the introduction of @entity342 deprivation. Based on a review of the recent literature, the authors suggest using a simple @entity308 screening tool: confirmation of the diagnosis and management is within the competence of the general practitioner. As for the risk of @entity73 , it seems difficult to imagine, and not necessarily relevant, to systematically propose a battery of neuropsychometric screening tests. On the other hand, giving the @entity1 the G8 screening test can allow the urologist to assess whether the @entity1 needs a geriatric consultation or not.

title: [Mood and @entity73 , and XXXX deprivation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depression syndromes']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: @entity20861 ( @entity20861 ) is a multifunctional universal structure of great importance to the @entity1 organism. Constituting about 50% of the body mass, @entity20861 forms a frame (skeleton) and outer cover (skin), as well as the inner medium, through which all structural elements receive nutrients and extract metabolic products. The great number of links, constituting the @entity20861 system, each of which is controlled genetically and is liable to genetic lesions, creates conditions for heterogeneity of @entity600 and diseases involving @entity20861 . Non-differentiated @entity20861 (NDCTD) is a genetically heterogenous group, presenting a basis for various @entity102 . NDCTD may present the cause of @entity6349 changes in the @entity20861 of different organs and systems. Thanks to modern diagnostic techniques, NDCTD is revealed frequently. NDCTD is underlied by molecular-, onto-, and pathogenetic mechanisms, leading to structural and functional changes in @entity20861 . This @entity20861 "weakness" is manifested by the peculiarities of the structure of various organs and systems. Mesenchimal @entity299 are the most widespread visceral markers of the given @entity20861 pathology. @entity20861 @entity1141 of the heart are often combined with varied manifestations of @entity2597 . @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) is the most wide-spread and well-studied minor @entity4297 . Primary @entity3454 is a hereditary or congenital pathology and is not connected with a particular disease. It is a genetic pathology-- @entity20861 with autosomal dominant inheritance. @entity1 with @entity3454 have an increased expression of @entity16395 antigen of HLA system, which causes @entity18948 of collagen in the mitral cusps. It has been revealed that tissue deficiency of @entity1760 is associated with antigen expression and correlates with clinical symptoms in @entity3454 . Exogenic factors influencing @entity3454 have been described.

title: [The role of connective tissue XXXX in the forming of @entity3454 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['system CT anomaly']

entities_list: @entity18948 :: ('MESH:D024821', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetabolism']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity20861 :: ('MESH:D018204', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'CT dysplasia', 'Connective tissue']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['heart anomalies']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 20% of @entity1 with @entity14 have synchronous un-resectable liver metastases. Resection of @entity14 in @entity1 with moderate-severe symptoms is mandatory before starting chemotherapy. Surgical treatment of asymptomatic @entity14 is still a matter of discussion. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2004, we prospectively collected data on 35 consecutive @entity1 who were treated straightaway by chemotherapy without primary @entity5 resection. All @entity1 underwent FOLFOX6 as first-line chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of surgical complications related to un-resected @entity14 . RESULTS: The mean interval between diagnosis and start of chemotherapy was 23.1 days (95% CI: 17.3-28.8). Fifteen of the 35 @entity1 (42.9%) were down-staged to surgery; the mean interval between chemotherapy start and @entity694 cancer resection was 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.5-7.5). None of them developed complications related to the primary @entity5 during chemotherapy. Of the other 20 @entity1 who did not undergo any curative surgery, 16 received a second line chemotherapy and 10 a third line: six @entity1 are alive and without intestinal symptoms (mean follow up 22.5 months, 95% CI: 11.2-33.9). Only one @entity1 (2.8%) developed clinical signs of @entity432 .6 months from the start of chemotherapy and required urgent colostomy. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of complications related to the non-resected @entity14 is very low using @entity901 as first line chemotherapy. Non-operative management of asymptomatic @entity14 with un-resectable liver metastases is a safe approach.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX with un-resectable liver metastases: immediate colorectal resection or up-front systemic chemotherapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal occlusion 5']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon-rectum']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Twenty two strabismus and 106 straight eyed @entity1 with anatomically normal eyes were first photographed with a conventional camera equipped with a weak 100 mm teleobjective and coaxial flashlight and then examined clinically. The possibility of detecting strabismus, anisometropias and @entity2516 in the photographs by noting the localisation of the corneal reflexes and examining the appearance and lightness of the fundus reflexes and their possible asymmetry were tested in a double blind study. Even small angled strabismus cases could be found because of the asymmetrical localisation of the corneal reflexes. In 18 of the 22 strabismus cases (82%) there was asymmetrical lightness of the fundus reflexes and the fundus reflex of the deviating eye was lighter than that of the fixating eye. All the straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more (five cases) were observed in the photographs because of the asymmetrical appearance of the fundus reflexes. In straight eyed anisometropias of under 3.0 diopters, the fundus reflexes were symmetrical in 90 cases and asymmetrical in 11 cases (11%). Only three out of eight @entity3467 of fomr +4.5 to +6.0 diopters were found because of the light crescent in the low part of the pupil. All @entity1714 of over -4.0 diopters (14 cases) were observed because of the light crescent appearance in the upper part of the pupil. No pupillary crescents appeared with refractions of less than -1.75 diopters @entity1714 or less than +4.5 diopters @entity3467 ; 172 eyes came within this range. Even a technician can perform, without premedication, the method tested here for rapid and simple screening to detect strabismus and straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more in small @entity1 or other @entity1 who do not co-operate well in normal clinical examination. Over -4.0 diopters @entity1714 can also be found. The method was rather unreliable for finding @entity3467 , presumably because no cycloplegic drops were used.

title: A clinical study on the detection of strabismus, anisometropia or @entity2516 of XXXX by simultaneous photography of the corneal and the fundus reflexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia', 'hyperopias']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['myopias', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Thirty-nine previously untreated @entity1 with @entity980 were managed by a coordinated program of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy during the years 1960 to 1973. The primary @entity5 was located in the head and neck (24), chest wall (1), abdomen (1), pelvis (10), and lower extremity (3). Radiation therapy consisted of @entity5 doses of 5000 to 6000 rads delivered in five to six weeks. Combination chemotherapy with actinomyctin-D, @entity1891 and @entity786 was used after 1968. Seventeen of 25 cases (68%) treated after 1968 are alive two to five years following treatment. Only four of 14 cases (29%) who received less radical therapy before 1968 are alive. A relatively high incidence of local failure (23%) was noted in spite of adequate doses of radiotherapy. None of the four cases with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis survived. Major complications were mainly noted in @entity1 with @entity17430 . Correlation of absolute survival with dose of irradiation, primary site, extent of disease and histologic subtypes of the @entity5 are discussed.

title: Combined treatment modalities of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity17430 :: ('MESH:C537605', 'Disease') :: ['orbital rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: The use of in vivo high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanners provides the unique opportunity for evaluating temporal progression in @entity79 . However, these in vivo scanners impose ionizing radiation that could affect the healing and morphology of the bone. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of in vivo scanning at 2-week intervals on bone healing of a critical sized radial defect in @entity95 and to investigate the effect of this radiation protocol on bone marrow cell viability using clinically applicable radiation doses. Thirty male @entity95 were randomized into three groups: two groups received a 15 mm defect in the left radius that was filled with an autologous bone graft (DEF-CT and DEF-SHAM), and one group acted as an intact control (INT-CT). The duration of the study was 6 weeks. DEF-CT and INT-CT had high-resolution CT scans performed at 2-week intervals. The total cumulative radiation dose was 81.6 mGy per animal. DEF-SHAM received sham CT scans at the same time points. In group DEF-CT, the bone volume (BV) in the defect increased significantly over time (p <=0.002, for all comparisons); the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the defect decreased over time and was significantly lower at weeks 4 and 6 than at weeks 0 and 2 (p<0.001, for all comparisons). In group INT-CT, BV and @entity79 did not change over time (p=1, for all comparison). The BV (p=0.50) and the @entity79 (p=0.37) in the defect as measured by microCT scan during ex vivo analysis was not significantly different between DEF-CT and DEF-SHAM. Similarly, histomorphometry showed no significant difference in the total bone area (p=0.22) and percentage bone within the defect (p=0.24) between these groups. Bone marrow analysis of the left (radiated) and right (non-radiated) radius of the INT-CT group via a Colony Forming Units (CFU) assay demonstrated an average of 25.3 and 28.5 colonies for radiated and non-radiated radii, respectively (p=0.72). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in bone healing between radiated and non-radiated radius defects in @entity95 . This is an important finding as it demonstrates that serial in vivo high resolution-CT imaging can not only provide accurate tissue regeneration data, but it can also be used to reduce the number of temporal cohorts within an experimental design.

title: The effects of multiple high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans on bone healing in a XXXX radial bone defect model.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'healing of bone defects', 'BMD']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: We describe a procedure that sensitizes chemotherapy-and @entity5 @entity39 factor-resistant @entity1 @entity5 cell populations in vitro and in nude @entity19 transplants to the immediate triggering of high rates of cell death by @entity11007 , an agent causing activation of stress-activated protein kinases [SAPKs, as defined by P. Cohen (Trends Cell Biol., 7: 353-361, 1997)] including @entity1435 /RK and c-jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase homologues, following its binding to ribosomal 28S RNA (M. S. Iordanov et al, Mol. Cell. Biol., 17: 3373-3381, 1997). Sensitization is effected by successive application of an inhibitor of histone deacetylation ( @entity3996 , @entity4876 ) and of @entity13449 , known as an inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases and evaluated presently in clinical trials. Effective concentrations of @entity11007 , @entity13449 , and @entity3996 are in the submicromolar range. @entity5 cell death can be prevented by @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), if added before @entity13449 or after @entity11007 but not if applied between the additions of these agents, suggesting that @entity13449 interrupts an @entity4179 -activated survival pathway and that @entity11007 , besides triggering cell death, guards this pathway against the interference by @entity13449 . In contrast to @entity4179 , @entity8279 exerts protection that is @entity13449 -insensitive. For triggering cell death, @entity11007 cannot be replaced by DNA- or mitotic spindle-targeted drugs in this system. The present findings, that a combination of transcriptional and signal transduction-targeted modulators sensitizes @entity5 cells synergetically to stress-mediated triggering of cell death and that ribotoxic stress is more efficient in this respect than genotoxic or spindle-targeted stress, bear important implications for the therapeutic exploitation of cellular stress responses. The stepwise sensitization and triggering of cell death in the present system allow separate analysis and manipulation of processes contributing to cellular death susceptibility and of the mechanism responsible for triggering cell death, thus providing the operational basis for further development of this therapeutic approach.

title: Sensitization of XXXX cells to ribotoxic stress-induced apoptotic cell death: a new therapeutic strategy.

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the G  teborg @entity583 register were used to investigate trends in attack rate, incidence of non-fatal @entity583 and mortality from @entity301 in @entity1 aged 64 and below during the period 1975-1994. RESULTS: @entity583 was defined according to strict criteria which remained the same throughout the study period. Attack rate and incidence were 3-5 times higher among @entity1 than @entity1 . The ratio of recurrent @entity1188 out of all attacks increased with increasing age and was 14%, 20% and 24% for @entity1 aged 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64, respectively. Corresponding rates for @entity1 were 8%, 14%, and 22%, respectively. Both attack rate and incidence decreased significantly by 2.1-3.9% per year during the study period for most age groups. The 28-day fatality rate (hospitalized as well as non-hospitalized cases) tended to decline, but significantly so only in the oldest @entity1 . The same was true for 28-day fatality among hospitalized @entity1 . The majority of all @entity301 @entity204 occurred outside hospital in @entity1 unaware they had @entity301 . Mortality from @entity301 decreased by 2.0-6.8% per year during the study period. In-hospital treatment of @entity583 with intravenous beta-blockers followed by oral treatment, @entity1242 and thrombolytics increased during the study period. Coronary surgery and angioplasty were used in less than 5% of @entity1 during the study period, but increased substantially in 1994. CONCLUSION: @entity301 and mortality in ages below 65 years are now decreasing in Sweden. Decreasing short-term mortality is almost certainly due to more efficient treatment in hospital, but as the majority of @entity301 @entity204 occur outside hospital and in @entity1 unaware they have @entity301 , primary prevention is still very important.

title: XXXX attack rate, incidence and mortality 1975-1994 in G  teborg, Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary heart disease']


abstract: @entity3039 is a condition that is characterized by persistently low platelet counts. @entity3039 results from @entity18697 and accelerated @entity1423 mediated by antiplatelet antibody. Most cases arise in previously healthy @entity1 , mostly @entity1 ages 20 to 40. Clinical symptoms consist of @entity2981 , petechiae, @entity548 , @entity931 , and @entity510 . Platelet-associated immunoglobulin G can be detected in 90 per cent of @entity1 . Therapy for adults and @entity1 is somewhat different. Splenectomy in adults should be considered in @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity230 , develop @entity882 after taper, or develop @entity134 @entity137 . Ninety per cent of @entity1 will maintain normal platelet counts in 9 to 12 months. Some will recover spontaneously without medical therapy. Splenectomy in @entity1 is recommended if @entity3039 persists for more than one year or fails to respond to @entity230 . Our purpose was to determine whether management of @entity3039 in @entity1 who undergo splenectomy at our institutions is appropriate and effective. We undertook a 5-year retrospective review of 27 @entity1 with @entity3039 which have undergone splenectomy. All of the 27 @entity1 were referred to surgeons after initial medical management. The @entity1 were divided into two groups on the basis of length of therapy: longer than 6 months and less than 6 months. The longer than 6 months group contained 15 @entity1 . This group had a postoperative complication rate of 40 per cent. Those in the group with <6 months therapy had a complication rate of 7 per cent. Average follow-up for all @entity1 was 20 months. Eighty-eight per cent of the @entity1 had complete response. Three per cent had a partial response with platelet counts >50,000. The partial response group did not respond well to preoperative @entity134 boluses with a great rise in platelet counts. Eighteen per cent of @entity1 received platelet transfusions. Sixty per cent of the transfusions were given for inappropriate reasons. A large percentage of our @entity1 had prolonged medical therapy before splenectomy. The inappropriate use of platelets was a common error in management. @entity1 treated for more than 6 months had more @entity260 . An initial increase in platelets after @entity134 bolus is a good indicator for favorable response to splenectomy. We conclude that splenectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment for @entity3039 with no deaths or postsplenectomy @entity295 to date.

title: Splenectomy for XXXX : a five-year retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['splenic sequestration']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: To evaluate patterns of practice and outcomes in intermediate- and high-risk stage I and II @entity1204 in the province of Ontario, Canada. This was a retrospective population-based study of @entity1 diagnosed with stage I and II @entity1204 in Ontario from 1996 to 2000. After excluding low-risk (stages IA and IB, grades 1 and 2) and nonendometrioid histologies, the population was stratified into two risk groups: intermediate risk (stages IA and IB, grade 3; stages IC and IIA, grades 1 and 2; stage IIA, grade 3 if <50% myometrial invasion) and high risk (stage IC, grade 3; stage IIA, grade 3 if >50% myometrial invasion, and all stage IIB). Patterns of practice were assessed in each risk group, including use of surgical staging and adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (APRT). Cox proportional hazards models determined effects of prognostic factors on 5-year overall survival (OS), including age, income, comorbidities, lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI), surgical staging, and APRT. There were 995 @entity1 in this study: 748 intermediate risk (75.2%) and 247 high risk (24.8%). Only 69 (9.2%) and 40 (16.2%) @entity1 underwent surgical staging in the intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively. Surgical staging did not reduce rates of APRT. Determinants of survival included age >60 and comorbidities in the intermediate-risk group, and age >60, income, and LVSI in the high-risk group. In this population-based study, there were variable patterns of practice for intermediate- and high-risk stage I and II @entity1204 . Surgical staging and APRT did not affect OS.

title: Patterns of practice and outcomes in intermediate- and high-risk stage I and II XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: UVA exposure plays an important role in the etiology of @entity1489 . The family of @entity8282 -kDa ribosomal S6 kinases ( @entity8282 ( @entity22564 )/MAPKAP-K1) are activated via phosphorylation. In this study, results show that UVA-induced phosphorylation of @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) at Ser(381) through ERKs and JNKs, but not @entity3963 kinase pathways. We provide evidence that UVA-induced @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) phosphorylation and kinase activity were time- and dose-dependent. Both @entity4286 and a dominant negative mutant of @entity3963 blocked ERKs and @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) Ser(381) phosphorylation, as well as @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) activity. A dominant negative mutant of @entity3963 kinase blocked UVA-induced phosphorylation of @entity3963 kinase, but had no effect on UVA-induced Ser(381) phosphorylation of @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) or kinase activity. UVA-induced @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) phosphorylation and kinase activity were markedly attenuated in @entity4675 (-/-) and @entity5183 (-/-) cells. A dominant negative mutant of @entity4675 inhibited UVA-induced JNKs and @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) phosphorylation and kinase activity, but had no effect on ERKs phosphorylation. @entity27601 , a novel inhibitor of JNKs and @entity3963 kinase, inhibited phosphorylation of @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ), JNKs, and @entity3963 kinase, but not ERKs. However, @entity4285 , a selective inhibitor of @entity3963 kinase, had no effect on @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) or JNKs phosphorylation. Significantly, ERKs and JNKs, but not @entity3963 kinase, immunoprecipitated with @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) when stimulated by UVA and @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) was a substrate for @entity3963 and @entity5183 , but not @entity3963 kinase. These data indicate clearly that @entity8282 ( @entity22564 ) Ser(381) may be phosphorylated by activation of JNKs or ERKs, but not @entity3963 kinase.

title: UVA induces Ser381 phosphorylation of @entity22564 /MAPKAP-K1 via @entity3963 and XXXX pathways.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: River water quality is strongly influenced by their sediments and their associated pollutants. To assess the toxic potential of sediments, sediment @entity137 tests require reliable control sediments, potentially including formulated control sediments as one major option. Although some standardization has been carried out, one critical issue still remains the quality of @entity62 ( @entity62 ). Organic @entity505 not only binds hydrophobic contaminants, but may be a source of mild @entity137 , even if the @entity62 is essentially uncontaminated. We tested two different sources of organic @entity505 and the mixture of both (Sphagnum peat (P) and one commercial humic substances preparation-HuminFeed(  ), HF) in terms of life trait variables and expression profiles of selected life performance and stress genes of the @entity2199 @entity2199 . In synchronous cultures, gene expression profiling was done after 6 and 48 h, respectively. The uncontaminated Sphagnum P reduced growth, but increased numbers of offspring, whereas HF did not significantly alter life trait variables. The 6 h expression profile showed most of the studied stress genes repressed, except for slight to strong induction in @entity37526 (all exposures), @entity37527 (only mixture), and small hsp-16 genes (all exposures). After 48 h, the expression of almost all studied genes increased, particularly genes coding for antioxidative defense, multiple xenobiotic resistance, vitellogenin-like proteins, and genes regulating lifespan. Overall, even essentially uncontaminated @entity62 may induce several modes of action on the molecular level in @entity2199 which may lead to false results if testing synthetic xenobiotics. This contribution is a plea for a strict standardization of the @entity62 quality in formulated sediments and to check for corresponding effects in other model sediment organisms, especially if using molecular @entity137 endpoints.

title: Organic XXXX source in formulated sediments influences life traits and gene expression of @entity2199 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['SOM', 'sediment organic matter']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity101 (BP) is highly prevalent among the elderly, and even with pharmacological therapy BP is difficult to control to guideline recommended levels. Although poor compliance to therapy is associated with less BP control, little is known regarding other barriers to attaining on-treatment target BP. This study examined factors associated with achieving on-treatment target BP in 6010 @entity101 @entity1 aged 65-84 years from the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study. @entity1 were followed for a median of 4.1 years, with BP monitored every 6 months. 'Target BP' was defined as a reduction of systolic/diastolic BP of at least 20/10   mm   Hg and BP <160/90   mm   Hg from randomization in two consecutive follow-up visits. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with achieving target BP from a number of baseline and in-study factors. Mean BP at randomization was 168/91   mm   Hg and @entity1 had a median of 9 (range: 2-20) study visits. Target BP was achieved in 50% of @entity1 . Demographic factors associated with achieving target BP were male gender, living in a regional area; and clinical factors included history of antihypertensive therapy, increased plasma @entity1011 , lower pretreatment pulse pressure and in-study use of multiple BP-lowering drugs. Those aged >80 years and seeking care from multiple doctors (hazard ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.36-0.45, P<0.001) were less likely to achieve target BP. These findings identify clinical markers that can be targeted for intervention, but also demographic factors related to service delivery, which may provide further opportunity for achieving better BP control in @entity101 elderly.

title: Barriers to achieving blood pressure treatment targets in elderly XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1942 ( @entity1942 ) levels are reported to be decreased in @entity28 . The relation between gastric functions, satiation, and gut hormones in @entity28 is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to compare gastric volumes, emptying, maximum tolerated volumes, postchallenge symptoms, and selected gut hormones in normal, overweight, or @entity28 healthy volunteers. METHODS: In 73 nonbulimic normal, overweight, or @entity28 @entity1 weighing less than 137 kg, we measured gastric emptying of solids and liquids by scintigraphy (gastric emptying half-time [GE t(1/2)]); gastric volumes by single-photon emission computed tomography; maximum tolerated volumes and symptoms by satiation test; and plasma leptin, ghrelin, @entity37942 , and @entity1942 levels. Groups were compared using 1-way analysis of covariance adjusted for sex. Univariate associations among measured responses were assessed using Spearman correlations. Multiple linear regression models, adjusting for weight and sex, assessed the independent ability of gastric functions and hormones to predict satiation volume. RESULTS: Obese and overweight subjects had significantly lower postprandial gastric volumes, higher fasting and postprandial @entity2690 and leptin levels, and lower fasting ghrelin and lower postprandial reduction in ghrelin levels. @entity1942 levels were not different in @entity28 or overweight subjects compared with controls. The GE t(1/2) was correlated inversely with postprandial @entity1942 ; increased body weight was associated with faster GE t(1/2) of solids (r(s) = 0.33, P = .005) and liquids (r(s) = 0.24, P = .04). Postprandial changes in gastric volume and @entity1942 were independent predictors of satiation (both P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight or @entity28 are associated with lower postprandial gastric volumes and normal @entity1942 levels. Gastric emptying influences postprandial @entity1942 levels. Postprandial @entity1942 and gastric volume independently predict satiation volume in nonbulimic @entity1 across a wide body mass index range.

title: Gastric sensorimotor functions and hormone profile in normal weight, overweight, and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity37942 :: ('3630;2641', 'Gene') :: ['insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic @entity1755 is usually the result of a sudden deceleration caused by a traffic accident, @entity998 or some other misfortune. Before the endovascular era, there was only one treatment option: open repair, burdened by high morbidity and significant mortality. Now, we have the ability to treat it with a stent graft. The advantages of this method include avoiding a thoracotomy or aorta cross-clamping and their associated complications. AIM: To present our experience and results of endovascular treatment of thoracic @entity1755 . METHODS: Since 1998, we have performed endovascular treatment for @entity2333 in 1,598 @entity1 . From this group, the indication for stent graft implantation in 31 @entity1 was a traumatic @entity1755 or @entity2849 caused by an injury. All @entity1 had a history of blunt @entity764 . The sequence of injury treatment depended on the severity of each. In all but two @entity1 , the first was an aortic stent graft implantation. The length of thoracic aorta covered ranged from 100-200 mm (mean 123 mm). We did not use any method of @entity602 protection. Final angiography showed complete exclusion of the aortic disruption in all @entity1 . RESULTS: All but one operation was successful. One @entity1 died intraoperatively due to concomitant injuries. After the operation, none of the @entity1 had signs of @entity602 or any other complications through a follow-up period ranging from 12 to 96 months (mean 40 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with traumatic thoracic @entity1755 suggests that endovascular treatment should be the method of choice, especially in unstable multi- @entity130 @entity1 . However, long-term studies are required to assess the durability of this technique after many years.

title: Endovascular repair of traumatic thoracic XXXX : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture', 'aortic ruptures']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['aortic rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Indicators of @entity66 -including @entity28 , @entity3190 , and @entity2299 -are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Rates of @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 in Canadian @entity1 and adolescents have increased rapidly in recent years; research exploring modifiable risk factors is critical. Experimental and epidemiological research demonstrates that partial @entity25 is linked with deteriorations in indicators of @entity283 . The objectives of this study are (1) to examine associations between @entity25 and indicators of @entity66 in Canadian @entity1 and adolescents and (2) to identify determinants of @entity25 in this population. METHODS: Logistic regression models were developed to examine associations between sleep duration and indicators of @entity66 and to identify predictors of @entity25 . RESULTS: Compared with longer sleepers, @entity1 and adolescents with @entity25 had greater odds of being @entity2973 or @entity28 . Sex- and age-stratified analyses indicated that @entity25 was linked with greater odds of @entity2973 / @entity28 in @entity1 and adolescents only. Short sleepers did not have greater odds of having @entity3190 , low HDL @entity165 , or high @entity1674 . Age was a strong predictor of inadequate sleep duration. CONCLUSION: Future studies should include longitudinal designs that address whether @entity25 in @entity1 and in adolescents contributes directly to the development of @entity2973 and @entity28 .

title: Associations Between Sleep Duration and Indicators of @entity66 in Canadian XXXX and Adolescents: Analyses of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['short sleep duration', 'sleep loss']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic health']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2631 @entity1 with autoantibodies to @entity40809 and/or @entity15870 ( @entity15870 ) are at increased risk of severe @entity455 . This study was undertaken to determine whether these autoantigens are enriched in cells of the vasculature. METHODS: Successive stages of embryoid bodies (EBs) as well as vascular progenitors were used to evaluate the expression of @entity2631 autoantigens @entity15870 and CENP by immunoblotting. @entity2279 was included to mark early blood vessels. @entity15870 and @entity2279 expression were defined in paraffin-embedded skin sections from @entity2631 @entity1 and from healthy controls. @entity15870 expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis in circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating @entity1583 progenitor cells. RESULTS: Expression of @entity17352 , @entity15870 , and @entity2279 was enriched in EBs on days 10 and 12 of differentiation, and particularly in cultures enriched in vascular progenitors ( @entity15870 , @entity2279 , and @entity40810 ). This pattern was distinct from that of comparator autoantigens. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded skin sections showed enrichment of @entity15870 in @entity2279 -positive vascular endothelial cells in biopsy specimens from @entity2631 @entity1 and normal controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed @entity15870 expression in circulating @entity1583 progenitor cells but minimal expression in CECs. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that expression of the @entity2631 autoantigens @entity15870 and @entity40809 , which are associated with severe @entity455 , is increased in vascular progenitors and mature endothelial cells. High level, lineage-enriched expression of autoantigens may explain the striking association between clinical phenotypes and the immune targeting of specific autoantigens.

title: Enrichment of XXXX -Associated Autoantigens in Endothelial Lineage Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity15870 :: ('3428', 'Gene') :: ['IFI-16', 'interferon-inducible protein 16']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Scleroderma Vascular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity11738 control programmes, @entity4580 is distributed to treat the strains of @entity1047 that cause @entity2194 . We aimed to compare the effect of annual versus twice-yearly distribution of @entity4580 on infection with these strains. METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised trial in 24 subdistricts in northern Ethiopia, which we randomly assigned to receive annual or twice-yearly treatment for all residents of all ages. Random assignment was done with the RANDOM and SORT functions of Microsoft Excel. All individuals were offered their assigned treatment of a single, directly observed, oral dose of @entity4580 . A 6 week course of topical 1% @entity803 ointment, applied twice daily to both eyes but not directly observed, was offered as an alternative to @entity4580 in @entity1 younger than 12 months, and in @entity1 with self-reported pregnancy, with @entity566 , or who refused @entity4580 . Our primary, prespecified outcome was the prevalence of @entity5517 in a random sample of @entity1 aged 0-9 years at baseline and every 6 months for a total of 42 months within sentinel villages. Our analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00322972. FINDINGS: Antibiotic coverage of @entity1 aged 1-9 years was greater than 80% (range 80  9 to 93  0) at all study visits. In the groups treated annually, the prevalence of infection in @entity1 aged 0-9 years was reduced from a mean 41  9% (95% CI 31  5 to 52  2) at baseline to 1  9% (0  3 to 3  5) at 42 months. In the groups treated twice yearly, the prevalence of infection was reduced from a mean 38  3% (29  0 to 47  6) at baseline to 3  2 % (0  0 to 6  5) at 42 months. The prevalence of @entity5517 in @entity1 aged 0-9 years in groups treated annually was not different from that of the groups treated twice yearly at 18, 30, and 42 months (pooled regression p>0  99, 95 % CI -0  06 to 0  06). The mean elimination time in the twice-yearly treatment group was 7  5 months earlier (2  3 to 17  3) than that of the annual group (p=0  10, Cox proportional hazards model). INTERPRETATION: After 42 months of treatment, the prevalence of @entity5517 with @entity1047 was similar in the groups treated annually and twice yearly. However, elimination of infection might have been more rapid in the groups of villages that received treatment twice yearly. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health (NEI U10 EY016214).

title: Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass @entity4580 treatment for hyperendemic XXXX in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular chlamydial infection', 'ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal serum unconjugated @entity10586 (uE3) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity6754 ) levels in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1723 and to consider the implications of the results for antenatal screening for @entity1467 . DESIGN: Descriptive study using stored antenatal serum samples. SETTING: Stored serum samples collected from @entity1 receiving routine antenatal care in Oxford. SUBJECTS: 126 singleton pregnancies in 92 @entity1 with @entity1723 and for each pregnancy, two pregnancies without @entity6 matched for gestational age and duration of storage of the serum sample. None of the pregnancies was associated with fetal neural tube defect or @entity1467 . MAIN STUDY MEASURES: Maternal serum uE3 and @entity6754 levels at 15-22 weeks gestation. @entity160 ( @entity160 ) levels were also measured for comparison. RESULTS: The median uE3 level in the @entity6 was 0.92 multiples of the median (MoM) for pregnancies without @entity6 at the same gestational age (P less than 0.05); and the @entity6754 level was 0.95 MoM (P = 0.48). The median @entity160 level was also reduced to 0.77 MoM (P less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: The reduction in uE3 and @entity160 levels in insulin-dependent @entity6 is sufficiently great to be taken into account in maternal serum screening programmes for @entity1467 . Dividing the uE3 and @entity160 levels in such pregnancies by the corresponding median for insulin-dependent @entity6 will yield a similar false-positive rate in pregnancies with and without @entity1723 .

title: Maternal serum unconjugated @entity10586 and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin levels in pregnancies with XXXX : implications for screening for @entity1467 .

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic pregnancies', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']


abstract: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: There are many studies showing @entity2493 's potent endogenous free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties, which protect against oxidative insult, but there is no information about the effect of chronic treatment with @entity2493 on oxidative-stress-related @entity1494 caused by chronic ischaemia. The model used in this study shows that functional and morphological changes caused by chronic bladder ischaemia and oxidative stress were protected by chronic treatment with @entity2493 , resulting in improvement of @entity1494 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of @entity2493 for chronic ischaemia-related @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were divided into control, @entity1317 ( @entity1317 ), @entity1317 with low-dose @entity2493 treatment ( @entity1317 -ML) and @entity1317 with high-dose @entity2493 treatment ( @entity1317 ) groups. The @entity1317 , @entity1317 -ML and @entity1317 groups underwent a procedure to induce endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% @entity165 diet after @entity1317 . The @entity35 in the @entity1317 -ML and @entity1317 groups were treated with @entity2493 2.5 or 20   mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks after @entity1317 . The control group received a regular diet. After 8 weeks, urodynamic investigations were performed. Bladder tissues and iliac arteries were processed for pharmacological studies, and for immunohistochemical and histological examination. RESULTS: Iliac arteries from @entity1317 , @entity1317 -ML and @entity1317 @entity35 displayed neo-intimal formation and luminal occlusion. In the @entity1317 group, the micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity and voided volume were lower than in the controls. Contractile responses of bladder strips to @entity4338 , electrical field stimulation and @entity5402 were significantly lower after @entity1317 than in the controls. The @entity1317 bladders were found to have a significantly increased collagen ratio, oxidative stress and inducible @entity842 synthase (NOS) expression, and decreased constitutive NOS expression compared with the controls. In the @entity1317 -ML and @entity1317 groups, neo-intimal formation was not prevented, but there were beneficial effects on bladder function and morphology. In the @entity1317 -ML group, the beneficial effects failed to reach statistical significance. In the @entity1317 group, @entity2493 significantly improved oxidative stress and NOS expression, and there were significant improvements in all the functional and morphological variables compared with the @entity1317 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 may lead to chronic bladder ischaemia and @entity1494 associated with oxidative stress. In the model used, chronic treatment with @entity2493 protected bladder function and morphology, probably through its free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties. @entity2493 may prevent oxidative damage and improve ischaemia-related @entity1494 .

title: Effect of XXXX on chronic bladder-ischaemia-associated changes in @entity35 bladder function.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hyperactivity', 'bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['AI-MH', 'arterial injury', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: @entity68 is essential for the survival of almost all organisms, although excess @entity68 can result in the generation of free radicals which are toxic to cells. To avoid the toxic effects of free radicals, the concentration of intracellular @entity68 is generally regulated by the ferric uptake regulator Fur in bacteria. The 150 aa fur ORF from @entity5125 was cloned into pRSETa, and the His-tagged fusion protein was purified by nickel affinity column chromatography. DNA binding activity of this protein was studied by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay using the end-labelled promoters P(fhuDC) and P(fur). The results showed a decrease in migration for both promoter DNAs in the presence of the Fur protein, and the change in migration was competitively inhibited with an excess of the same unlabelled promoters. No shift in migration was observed when a similar assay was performed using non-specific end-labelled DNA. The assay showed that binding of Fur to P(fur) or P(fhuDC) was independent of @entity68 or @entity921 ions, and was not inhibited in the presence of 2 mM @entity1098 . Inductively coupled plasma MS of the Fur protein showed no @entity68 or @entity921 , but 0.48 mole @entity219 per mole protein was detected. A DNase I protection assay revealed that Fur specifically bound to and protected a 19 bp consensus Fur box sequence located in the promoters of fur and fhuDC. There was no requirement for @entity68 or @entity921 in this assay also. However, Northern blot analysis showed an increase in fur transcription under @entity68 -restricted compared to high-level conditions. Thus, the study suggests that under in vitro conditions, the affinity of the Fur protein for the 19 bp Fur box sequence does not require @entity68 , but @entity68 availability regulates fur transcription in vivo. Thus, the regulation by Fur in this intracellular pathogen may be dependent on either the structure of the DNA binding domain or other intracellular factors yet to be identified.

title: Molecular characterization of the Fur protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the recommendations for reporting immunoglobulin A (IgA) @entity8 biopsies and their evidence base, discusses the limitations of the Oxford Classification study and presents the findings of recent validation studies. RECENT FINDINGS: The Oxford Classification identified four histological lesions as independent prognostic factors: @entity7622 (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), @entity17145 (S) and @entity194 / @entity82 (T). The @entity15046 criteria predicted outcome in some, but not all, of 13 recent validation studies. M is of independent prognostic value in four out of 13 studies, S in four out of 13 and T in 10 out of 13. Apparently contradictory findings reflect differences in @entity1 selection criteria, treatment and outcome measures. The Oxford Classification study provided indirect evidence that endocapillary hypercellularity is responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. This is confirmed in two validation studies. One study, which included @entity1 with rapidly progressive disease, found glomerular crescents to be a significant prognostic marker. Immunohistological findings correlate with @entity8 but are not of independent prognostic value. SUMMARY: The Oxford Classification is applicable to @entity1 who were excluded from the original cohort, including those with rapidly progressive disease, and the prognostic value of @entity8 is influenced by immunosuppressive therapy. The Oxford schema will be reviewed in the light of recent findings.

title: Oxford classification of immunoglobulin A XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'proliferative glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity17145 :: ('MESH:C538457', 'Disease') :: ['segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial hypercellularity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: AIM: The epidemiology of @entity1211 in @entity1 has likely changed since first being described a decade ago because of evolving management strategies and a greater awareness of predisposing factors for @entity715 in @entity1 . The Royal @entity1 's Hospital commenced a 4-year prospective registry of @entity49 in 1999 to determine the current Australian epidemiology of @entity49 in @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective, single-centre registry was established to determine the prevalence, aetiology, diagnostic criteria, management and outcome of @entity1211 in an Australian tertiary paediatric centre. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity49 was 8.0/10 000 hospital admissions. Fifty-eight per cent of @entity1 and 49% of @entity1 were male. Seventy-seven per cent of @entity1150 in @entity1 were associated with central venous cannulation compared with 47% in @entity1 . Doppler ultrasonography was the most frequently used diagnostic tool. Treatment strategies varied between age groups. The all-cause mortality rate for @entity1 and @entity1 in this study was 8.4% (direct thrombus-related mortality 0%). Fifteen per cent of all @entity1 demonstrated complete resolution of their @entity49 at discharge, with 48% demonstrating complete resolution at follow-up assessment. Fifteen per cent of @entity1 experienced significant @entity715 -related morbidity at follow-up assessment. CONCLUSION: In this single-centre registry, @entity49 in @entity1 and @entity1 occurred with greater frequency than has previously been reported and its epidemiology varied. Central venous catheterisation continues to be a common precipitant to @entity49 . Optimal diagnostic and treatment interventions for @entity1211 have not yet been determined for @entity1 and @entity1 , despite the significant incidence of long-term sequelae.

title: XXXX : a single-centre case series study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous thromboembolic disease']


abstract: Chronic stress is a risk factor for the development of many psychopathological conditions in @entity1 , including @entity308 and @entity148 . There is a high degree of comorbidity of @entity308 and @entity148 . Moreover, @entity73 associated @entity75 , including deficits in cognitive set-shifting and behavioral flexibility, are increasingly recognized as major components of @entity308 , @entity148 , and other stress-related @entity146 illnesses. To begin to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive and emotional consequences of chronic stress, it is necessary to employ an animal model that exhibits similar effects. In the present study, a @entity35 model of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) consistently induced a @entity73 in extradimensional set shifting capability in an attentional set shifting test, suggesting an alteration in function of the medial prefrontal cortex. @entity102 also increased @entity148 -like behavior on the elevated plus-maze. Further, chronic treatment both with the selective @entity1063 reuptake blocker, @entity5829 (7.5 mg/kg/day), and the selective @entity750 reuptake blocker, @entity837 (10 mg/kg/day), beginning 1 week before @entity102 treatment and continuing through the behavioral testing period, prevented the @entity102 -induced deficit in extradimensional set-shifting. Chronic @entity5829 treatment also prevented the @entity102 -induced increase in @entity148 -like behavioral reactivity on the plus-maze, but @entity837 was less effective on this measure. Thus, @entity102 induced both @entity73 that are similar to components of @entity308 and @entity148 . These effects were prevented by chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, consistent also with clinical evidence that relapse of @entity308 episodes can be prevented by antidepressant drug treatment.

title: Chronic unpredictable stress induces a @entity73 and XXXX -like behavior in @entity35 that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['with frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments', 'cognitive and emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic unpredictable stress', 'CUS']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Cognitive and behavioral difficulties occur in approximately a third of @entity1 with @entity1555 . The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of @entity302 in a cohort of 222 @entity1555 @entity1 . @entity302 were found in 14 of the 222 @entity1555 @entity1 (6.3%). The age of onset ranged from 3 months to 16 years (mean 7.8). @entity410 were more often focal @entity302 (n=6), generalized @entity410 (n=4) or absences (n=4). They were present in 12 of the 149 @entity1 with normal IQ (8.1%) and in two of the 73 with @entity1032 (2.7%). In two cases the parents did not report any past or present history of @entity410 but only 'staring episodes' interpreted as a sign of 'poor attention'. In both @entity1 EEG showed the typical pattern observed in @entity2048 . Our results suggest that the prevalence of @entity302 in our study (6.3%) is higher than in the general pediatric population (0.5-1%). The risk of @entity302 does not appear to increase in @entity1 with @entity1032 .

title: @entity1555 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['childhood absence epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']