abstract: Lack of synchronicity concerns not only the electrical but also the mechanical function of the left ventricle and causes @entity67 . To our knowledge a direct association between electrical dispersion and impairment of left ventricular filling has not been reported. The study group comprised 71 @entity1 with @entity583 . Echocardiographic Doppler studies and @entity1162 measurements from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were performed during the second week of hospitalization. The study population was divided into high, intermediate and @entity258 groups. Differences in the left ventricular filling parameters between high and @entity258 groups were assessed. @entity1 with high @entity1162 had larger end-diastolic volume (134+/-31 vs. 107+/-19 ml; P=0.049) and tended to have shorter E-wave deceleration time (155+/-18 vs. 175+/-20 ms; P=0.056) compared with @entity1 with @entity258 . There was a negative correlation between E-wave deceleration time and @entity1162 (r=-0.248; P=0.05). We conclude that greater dispersion of repolarization is accompanied by changes in the left ventricular diastolic geometry and more 'restrictive' filling. The hypothesis that left @entity67 are caused by increased electrical dispersion deserves further study, especially under controlled, experimental conditions.

title: The relationship between diastolic function of the left ventricle and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular filling abnormalities', 'impaired ventricular filling']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low QT dispersion']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT dispersion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This retrospective data collection study aims to evaluate the responses of @entity1 who have been implanted with a neuromodulation system using a combination of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation (PSFS) leads for chronic intractable @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with chronic, intractable @entity158 implanted with both @entity602 and PSFS leads were enrolled in a retrospective data collection study. Pre-implant data (demographics, @entity158 levels, @entity158 location, and medication use) and post-implant data ( @entity158 levels, medication use, and device programming reports) were compared to measure short- and long-term improvements in @entity158 for a period of approximately six months. Device system use and parameter data were collected. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 experienced immediate and short-term @entity158 relief and reduction in @entity158 medications as a result of combination @entity602 /PSFS therapy. The improvements were maintained for some, but not all @entity1 by six months. @entity1 cycled through multiple programs over follow-up; the use of triangular stimulation was consistent over time, and by six months, @entity1 preferred this program over others. Limitations of the retrospective chart review included missing data and variable follow-up times, and may have made determinations of long-term efficacy difficult. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that combination @entity602 and PSFS therapy is potentially a beneficial treatment option for @entity158 medication compared with baseline in previously resistive @entity1118 @entity1 . There is a need for further study of this therapy in a greater number of subjects and in a prospective, controlled setting. In the author's general experience, triangular stimulation is very effective for treating @entity1643 , because it covers larger topographic areas of the lower back than flow or field stimulation. An investigational device exemption study will be necessary for subcutaneous field stimulation indicated for focal @entity158 to be adequately investigated and utilized by physicians in the future.

title: Triangular stimulation method utilizing combination XXXX with peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation for @entity1118 @entity1 : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['isolated low back pain']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reducing pain levels and oral pain', 'isolated pain', 'oral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord stimulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An editorial in this issue describes a @entity835 policy framework document issued by a major Canadian research centre, calling for @entity1939 of non-medical use under strict controls to prevent increase in use, especially by adolescents and young adults who are most vulnerable to adverse effects of @entity835 . It claims that such a system would eliminate the severe personal, social and monetary costs of prohibition, diminish the illicit market, and provide more humane management of @entity835 use disorders. It claims that experience with regulation of @entity285 and @entity286 will enable a system based on public health principles to control access of youth to @entity835 without the harm caused by prohibition. The present critique argues that the claims made against decriminalization and for @entity1939 are unsupported, or even contradicted, by solid evidence. Early experience in other jurisdictions suggests that @entity1939 increases use by adolescents and its attendant harms. Regulation of @entity285 use does not provide a good model for @entity835 controls because there is widespread @entity285 use and harm among adolescents and young adults. Government monopolies of @entity285 sale have been used primarily as sources of revenue rather than for guarding public health, and no reason has been offered to believe they would act differently with respect to @entity835 . Good policy decisions require extensive unbiased information about the individual and social benefits and costs of both drug use and proposed control measures, and value judgments about the benefit/harm balance of each option. Important parts of the necessary knowledge about @entity835 are not yet available, so that the value judgments are not yet possible. Therefore, a better case can be made for eliminating some of the harms of prohibition by decriminalization of @entity835 possession and deferring decision about @entity1939 until the necessary knowledge has been acquired.

title: A critique of XXXX proposals in Canada.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legalization']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['cannabis legalization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity161 @entity1 experience residual symptoms even after treatment. @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is often used in medication-resistant @entity161 @entity1 when pharmacologic interventions have failed; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) levels are reduced in drug-naive, first-episode @entity161 and are increased by antipsychotic treatment. We tested the hypothesis that @entity34 increases serum @entity2252 levels by measuring @entity2252 concentrations in @entity161 @entity1 before and after they received @entity34 . METHODS: A total of 160 @entity1 with @entity161 were examined. The @entity34 group (n=80) was treated with antipsychotics and @entity34 (eight to 10 sessions administered every other day). The drug therapy group (n=80) received only antipsychotic treatment. A control group (n=77) was recruited that served as the baseline for comparison. RESULTS: Baseline serum @entity2252 level in @entity34 group was lower than in controls (9.7  2.1 vs. 12.4  3.2ng/ml; P<0.001), but increased after @entity34 , such that there was no difference between the two groups (11.9  3.3 vs. 12.4  3.2ng/ml; P=0.362). There was no correlation between @entity1 ' Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and serum @entity2252 level before @entity34 ; however, a negative correlation was observed after @entity34 (total: r=-0.692; P<0.01). From baseline to remission after @entity34 , serum @entity2252 level increased (P<0.001) and their PANSS score decreased (P<0.001). Changes in @entity2252 level (2.21  4.10ng/ml) and PANSS score (28.69  14.96) were positively correlated in the @entity34 group (r=0.630; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2252 level was lower in @entity161 @entity1 relative to healthy controls before @entity34 and medication. @entity2252 level increased after @entity34 and medication, and its longitudinal change was associated with changes in @entity1 ' @entity716 . These results indicate that @entity2252 mediates the antipsychotic effects of @entity34 .

title: Increased serum XXXX levels following electroconvulsive therapy or antipsychotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'Electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Arthroscopic surgeries of the shoulder are accompanied by severe @entity282 . Among the analgesic techniques, brachial @entity616 offers the best results. The objective of this study was to determine which volume of local anesthetic in the posterior brachial @entity616 offers more adequate @entity1337 for those procedures. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 undergoing posterior brachial @entity616 were randomly divided in three groups of 30 @entity1 : Group 1 volume of 20 mL; Groups 2 volume of 30 mL; Group 3 volume of 40 mL. In all groups 0.375% @entity1342 was the anesthetic used. The blockade was evaluated by testing thermal sensitivity using a @entity2708 ball embedded in @entity167 , while @entity282 was evaluated according to a verbal numeric scale (VNS) in the first 24 hours. RESULTS: Postoperative @entity1337 was similar in all three groups according to the parameters evaluated: VNS of moderate @entity158 , length of time until the first complaint of @entity158 , and consumption of opioids. Consumption of non-opioid analgesics was greater in the 20 mL group after the 12th postoperative hour. In the 30 and 40 mL groups, the extension of the blockade was significantly greater. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that posterior @entity616 promotes effective @entity1337 for surgeries of the shoulder. The three different volumes studied promoted similar @entity1337 . The greater extension of the blockade with larger doses did not translate into better @entity1337 .

title: [A comparative study on the postoperative analgesic efficacy of 20, 30, or 40 mL of @entity1342 in posterior brachial XXXX .].

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block', 'brachial block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compares outcomes of the endovascular treatment (EVT) of iliac @entity432 according to whether the treated lesion is a @entity850 or a chronic total occlusion (CTO). METHODS: @entity1 undergoing EVT from 2003 to 2013 for iliac @entity432 were identified and the lesions treated stratified into stenotic (Group 1, n  =  375) or CTO (Group 2, n  =  87). @entity1 were followed clinically and hemodynamically (thigh-brachial index, @entity131 ). Comorbidities, procedural factors, and outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using Kaplan-Meier, Breslow, and Cox models. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-two iliac endovascular procedures in 378 @entity1 were included in a retrospective study. The 2 groups only differed in preprocedural @entity131 [0.77 (Group 1) vs. 0.67 (Group 2), P  <  0.001], lesion length [39.7 mm (Group 1) vs. 49.9  mm (Group 2), P  <  0.001], and the use of a covered stent [11.6% (Group 1) vs. 46.2% (Group 2), P  <  0.001]. The technical success rate was higher in Group 1 (99.2% vs. 89.7%, P  <  0.001). Five early occlusions were recorded in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2 (1.3% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.146). Median follow-up was 34  months (1-113). At 12 and 36  months, stenotic lesions showed better primary (P1) and secondary (P2) patency rates [P1 93.0% and 85.8% vs. 83.1% and 74.7%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.90 (1.15-3.14), P = 0.018; P2 97.8% and 96.8% vs. 93.0% and 87.4%, HR 2.86 (1.39-5.90), P = 0.007] and freedom from reintervention (FFR) rates [91.6% and 83.5% vs. 84.1% and 78.9%, HR 1.51 (0.90-2.53), P = 0.132]. In a multivariate analysis, CTO showed a worse P2 than stenotic lesions [HR 2.81 (1.17-6.76), P = 0.021], yet no differences emerged in P1 [HR 1.41 (0.76-2.63), P = 0.277] or FFR [HR 1.43 (0.79-2.57), P = 0.237]. A lower preprocedural @entity131 was correlated with a greater risk of EVT failure in terms of patency and FFR (P  <  0.05). The use of a stent shorter than 40  mm emerged as a protective factor with an HR for P1 of 3.68 (1.53-8.87) (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: EVT for iliac @entity455 offers good outcomes in terms of long-term patency, although improved results were observed here for the treatment of stenotic lesions over CTO. Procedures performed in @entity1 with a lower @entity131 and the use of a stent >40  mm were related to a worse stent patency.

title: Outcomes of the Endovascular Treatment of Stenotic Lesions versus XXXX in the Iliac Sector.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Chronic Total Occlusions']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 with pulmonary metastatic soft tissue @entity242 benefit from resection, with long-term cure possible. DESIGN: Retrospective medical records review. SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. @entity1 : Between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2002, 61 @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ; median age at initial diagnosis, 42 years [age range, 18-74 years]) were surgically treated for pulmonary metastases of soft tissue @entity242 at University Hospital, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. INTERVENTIONS: Sternotomy or anterior lateral thoracotomy was performed for metastasectomy, including wedge resection or lobectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The effects of clinical and pathologic factors on disease-specific survival were analyzed using the log rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Primary @entity5 size was @entity2558 in 13 @entity1 and pT2 in 48 @entity1 . The differentiation was high in 7 @entity1 , intermediate in 19 @entity1 , and low in 35 @entity1 . The mean number of resected pulmonary metastatic lesions was 5 (range, 1-48). An anterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 39 @entity1 , and sternotomy in 22 @entity1 . There were no significant @entity260 that required surgical revision. The perioperative mortality was 0%. At a mean follow-up of 60 months, the mean survival time after metastasectomy was 33 months (range, 2-125 months). The 5-year survival was 25%. The number of resected lung metastatic lesions had no prognostic relevance (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with lung metastasis from soft tissue sarcomas benefit from surgical excision. This treatment has low complication rates and has a favorable influence on the course of the disease. Long-term survival is possible even when recurrent @entity358 is resected.

title: Benefit of surgical treatment of lung metastasis in soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A pilot study of a novel, reduced- @entity137 , myeloablative conditioning regimen using intravenous @entity1863 12.8 mg/kg, @entity3118 180 mg/m(2), and @entity3601 80 mg/m(2) for single cord blood transplantation (CBT) was conducted in our institute. Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity5 not in remission were included in this study. Their median age was 59 years (range, 19-70 years), with a median hematopoietic cell transplant-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score of 3. With a median observation period of 39.6 (range, 24.3-90.8) months among the survivors, overall survival and progression-free survival at 2 years were both 54.9%. Forty-six of 51 achieved neutrophil engraftment at a median of 19.5 days (range, 13-38 days) post-transplant, with a cumulative incidence of 90.2%. No @entity1 developed graft rejection in this study. All @entity1 who achieved engraftment showed hematological complete remission with complete donor chimerism. Eleven @entity1 relapsed at a median of 4.9 months (range, 0.5-26.7 months). Cumulative incidences of non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days and 2 years were 11.8% and 25.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the present results show that the novel conditioning regimen for single CBT provided durable engraftment and remission with acceptable NRM leading to excellent survival, even for a relatively older population with @entity5 not in remission.

title: A Novel Reduced- @entity137 Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen Using Full-Dose XXXX , @entity3118 , and Melphalan for Single Cord Blood Transplantation Provides Durable Engraftment and Remission in Non-Remission Myeloid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['Busulfan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the significance of the pretreatment total @entity1486 (PSA) to free @entity251 (FT) ratio (PSA/FT) as a marker for assessing the pathologic Gleason sum (pGS) and levels of @entity5 extension (pT) in prostatectomy specimens. @entity1 AND METHODS: 128 of 135 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 underwent radical prostatectomy. Simultaneous pretreatment serum samples were obtained to measure serum total @entity251 , FT and total PSA levels. The statistical design of the study included 2 sections: the first part trying to explore the role of the PSA/FT ratio in clustering @entity1 with different pathologic prognostic factors, and the second to investigate the PSA/FT ratio distribution in different groups of @entity1 according to the pathologic stage and pGS of the specimen after radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: The average age was 65.80 (range 51.21-77.26) years, mean PSA was 8.88 (range 1.22-44.27)  g/l, mean FT was 35.32 (range 13.70-69.30) pmol/l, and the mean PSA/FT ratio was 0.27 (range 0.04-1.48). The PSA/FT ratio significantly clustered both the pT and pGS groups. Analysis of variance for the distribution of the PSA/FT ratio was significant for the pT model groups. The mean PSA/FT ratio increased as the @entity5 extended and grew through the prostate gland (high-stage disease). Analysis of variance for the different distributions of the PSA/FT ratio was significant for all model pGS groups. In our investigation we also found (data not shown) that a PSA/FT ratio of >= 0.40 was strongly correlated with large extensive (pT3b+pT4) and high-grade @entity5 (pGS8+pGS9). CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 @entity1 may be classified into 3 different pathologic prognostic groups according to the PSA/FT ratio: low risk (PSA/FT  <=0.20), intermediate risk (PSA/FT >0.20 and  <=0.40), and high risk (PSA/FT >0.40 and  <=1.5). The PSA/FT ratio may be considered as the marker expressing different biology groups of @entity263 @entity1 , and it is strongly associated with pT and pGS.

title: Investigative clinical study on XXXX part II: on the role of the pretreatment total PSA to free @entity251 ratio as a marker assessing @entity263 prognostic groups after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity9396 ( @entity25659 ) is a high-affinity agonist of @entity3229 ( @entity3229 ) which may act as an endogenous neuroprotective factor. However, it is not clear whether orally administered @entity25659 is effective against @entity2806 . In our study, transient focal @entity2806 was induced by @entity2500 for 90 min followed by reperfusion. To evaluate its preventive effects, @entity25659 (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, ig) was administered for 3 days before @entity63 . To evaluate its therapeutic effects, @entity25659 (40 mg/kg, ig) was administered at 0.5 or 1h before reperfusion or at 0 or 1h after reperfusion. In some experiments, the @entity3229 antagonist @entity20463 (10mg/kg, ig) was administered 0.5h before @entity25659 . @entity51 score, @entity1188 volume and @entity2657 degree were determined at 24h after reperfusion. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated by Evans blue (EB) leakage at 6h after reperfusion. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect @entity3229 mRNA and protein expression. Oral @entity25659 pretreatment improved @entity51 reduced @entity1188 volume and alleviated @entity2657 in a dose-dependent manner; the most effective dose was 40 mg/kg. The therapeutic time is within 1h after reperfusion. @entity25659 also increased @entity3229 mRNA and protein expression in the @entity63 brain. The @entity3229 antagonist @entity20463 abolished the protective effects of @entity25659 . In conclusion, our results indicate that orally administered @entity25659 protects against acute @entity2806 in @entity19 , at least in part by activating @entity3229 .

title: Orally administered @entity9396 protects @entity19 from focal @entity2806 by activating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a', 'PPARa']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'cerebral ischemic injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'Neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity9396 :: ('MESH:C488250', 'Chemical') :: ['Oleoylethanolamide']

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a']


abstract: The authors report the results of a retrospective review of 13 @entity1 who underwent 19 craniotomies for resection of metastatic @entity320 at the University of Colorado (Denver, CO) between 1983 and 1989. There was preoperative evidence of @entity85 in 11 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had more than one intracranial @entity3 at operation. Intraoperative ultrasound was used in 18 of the 19 craniotomies to minimize surgical @entity130 to the brain. The 30-day mortality was zero. The 30-day morbidity was minimal. No @entity1 acquired a new @entity51 as a result of surgery. All @entity1 regained at least their preoperative level of functioning. Six of the @entity1 who were living at the time of review have been followed for 4 to 25 months (median, 7.5 months). The seven @entity1 who were dead at the time of review survived 4 to 18 months (median, 10 months). These results compare favorably with the survival of untreated @entity1 with @entity320 to the brain (median, 1 month), @entity1 treated with radiation therapy alone (median, 2-4 months), and those treated with chemotherapy alone (median, 2-4 months). The excision of @entity320 from the brain, although not curative, may increase survival in @entity1 with this problem with little morbidity and mortality even in the presence of other @entity3 .

title: Surgical treatment of brain @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Transient early cerebral laminar organization resulting from normal developmental events has been revealed in @entity1 beings through histology and imaging studies. DTI studies have postulated that the fractional anisotropy (FA)-based differentiation of different laminar structures reflects both differing cellular density over the glial fibers and fiber alignment in respective regions. The aim of this study was to correlate FA values in these transient zones with histology. Brain DTI was performed on 50 freshly aborted @entity1 fetuses with gestational ages (GA) ranging from 12 to 42 weeks. Regions of interest were placed on the cortical plate, subplate, intermediate and germinal matrix (GMx) zones of the frontal lobe to quantify FA values. @entity538 ( @entity538 ), neurofilament (NF) and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) immunohistochemical analyses were performed for the cortical plate, intermediate zone and GMx. In the cortical plate, a significant positive correlation was observed between FA values and percentage area of @entity538 expression in fetuses <or=28 weeks of GA (r = 0.56, p = 0.01). FA values showed a significant positive correlation with the percentage area of NF expression in the intermediate zone (r = 0.54, p = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was also observed between FA and the number of @entity3508 -positive cells per mm(2) in the GMx (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) and subplate (r = 0.59, p = 0.03) zones. The results of our study suggest that the FA can be used as noninvasive marker of neurodevelopmental events in the frontal lobe of @entity1 fetal brain.

title: Correlation of diffusion tensor imaging with histology in the developing XXXX frontal cerebrum.

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'Glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine cortical @entity62 ( @entity62 ) changes and their clinical and biochemical correlates in @entity1 with @entity2360 using voxel based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Clinical and imaging data of 10 @entity1 (all male, mean age 16.0      6.3years) with @entity2360 were analyzed. T1W volumetric MRI data of @entity1 without obvious @entity194 or signal changes on conventional MRI was compared with MRI of 11 matched control subjects using VBM analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping 8. Results were expressed at statistical threshold of p  <  0.05 (FWE corrected) and p  <  0.001 (uncorrected). Multiple regression analysis was done to analyze possible relation between @entity194 , duration of disease and biochemical abnormalities. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 showed scattered areas of reduced @entity62 volume in bilateral caudate head, medial part of right globus pallidus and body of right caudate (FWE corrected p  <  0.05). At p  <  0.001(uncorrected) widespread areas of @entity194 were also noted involving the frontal and temporal lobes, lentiform nuclei, cerebellum and thalamus. Significant positive correlation (uncorrected p  <  0.001) were noted between (i) duration of disease and cortical @entity62 volume of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes and cerebellum (ii) serum @entity920 levels and @entity62 volume of right medial frontal gyrus and paracentral lobule. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first VBM study in @entity1 with @entity2360 . In spite of apparently normal cortex on visual inspection of MRI, decreased cortical @entity62 volume was detected using VBM. In addition, serum @entity920 may act as surrogate marker of @entity2526 in @entity2360 .

title: Exploring XXXX and its clinical and biochemical correlates in @entity2360 using voxel based morphometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['cortical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's Disease", "Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['grey matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['cortical atrophy']


abstract: @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) and @entity1374 are both relatively common diseases, which can coexist in the same @entity1 . However, mere coincidence does not seem to be a satisfactory explanation for this association. Some factors like prior exposure to radiation may play a role in the association. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of @entity1374 associated with @entity2742 in 54 consecutive @entity1 who underwent parathyroidectomy in our center from January 1990 to December 1997. Twenty-eight (52%) @entity1 had @entity1374 associated to @entity2742 . The @entity1 had a mean age of 61+/-13 yr; they were predominantly postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity1374 was detected preoperatively in 20 (71%) @entity1 and during the surgical procedure in 8 (29%). Two @entity1 had previous radiation exposure; one of them with @entity1377 of the thyroid. Two @entity1 had @entity1375 . UItrasonography was performed in the majority of @entity1 in their preoperative evaluation. A multinodular @entity5651 was seen to be the most frequent finding (76%). In addition to parathyroidectomy, 23 (82%) @entity1 were also thyroidectomized. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity2742 showed a high prevalence of @entity1374 , especially in postmenopausal @entity1 . Unsuspected @entity1374 were found with sufficient frequency to warrant careful preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of both glands, in order to obviate reoperation. In experienced hands, combined surgery can be safely performed. Cervical ultrasonography is useful in the preoperative detection of nodular @entity1374 in these @entity1 .

title: Coexistence of @entity459 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'Thyroid disease', 'thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 are common in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1744 @entity1 varies in different cultures. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of @entity146 METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 256 @entity1744 @entity1 were selected (using the criteria of Rome III) and evaluated for @entity146 . In the first phase, subjects were screened using the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28). In the second phase, those who had scores >=  23 were assessed through semi-structured @entity146 interviews. RESULTS: Thirty out of 256 subjects had no significant @entity146 symptoms after performing GHQ28. In further @entity146 evaluation of the remaining subjects (226) who suffered from some degree of a @entity146 problem, 36 were diagnosed without @entity148 / @entity308 . Thus 66 subjects (25.8%) were known as a group without any significant @entity146 problem. A total of 190 subjects (74.2%) with @entity308 were diagnosed; 89 were suffering from pure @entity148 , 41 were suffering from @entity308 and 60 had co-morbid @entity308 . When comparing anxiety- @entity308 @entity1 (n = 190) with normal subjects (n = 66), gender (P = 0.016), occupation (P = 0.002) and intensity of @entity1744 (P < 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of @entity308 in this study indicates the necessity of @entity146 assessment, early diagnosis and treatment of the @entity1 with @entity1744 . It may improve management of the @entity1 suffering from @entity1744 .

title: @entity308 among XXXX @entity1 in Guilan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive disorder', 'anxiety-depressive problems', 'depressive disorders', 'anxiety-depressive disorders', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt traumatic aortic disruption (BTAD) carries significant mortality and morbidity. Traditional open repair has appreciable risks of perioperative mortality and spinal cord ischemic complications. Endovascular repair may reduce the incidence of these adverse outcomes. We present the experience at two military @entity130 centers with thoracic aortic endografting for @entity130 (TAET) and compare this with recent open experience. METHODS: A review of inpatient records was performed. All @entity1 undergoing open repair or TAET for acute BTAD were studied. Collected data included demographics, injury characteristics, and in-hospital variables. Descriptive statistics were calculated with two-tailed t-tests performed for comparison of continuous variables. RESULTS: Five open and eight TAET repairs were performed. Mean age was 32 years (range 28-50) in the TAET group and 35 (25-57) in the open group. All @entity1 , except one TAET, had at least one associated injury with @entity764 predominating. Twelve BTAD were just distal to the left subclavian artery. @entity130 , treated with TAET, was just proximal to the celiac. Operative @entity190 averaged 298 +/- 394 mL in the TAET group vs. 2,400 +/- 3,800 mL in the open group (p = 0.18). Crystalloid infusions were similarly reduced in TAET @entity1 , 1,019 +/- 532 mL vs. 4,860 +/- 1,547 mL, p < 0.05), as were red blood cell transfusions, 1.6 units vs. 5.0 units (p = 0.12). The majority of @entity1 [6/8 (75%) TAET, 5/5 (100%) open] experienced an inpatient complication (p = 0.09). All open @entity1 had at least one infectious complication. There were no inpatient deaths related to @entity130 or spinal cord ischemic complications. CONCLUSIONS: TAET is feasible for the treatment of BTAD in military @entity130 centers. It is important for military centers to accomplish this with adequate results as endovascular technologies are now being taken to the battlefield. Decreased @entity190 and resuscitation requirements compared to open repair are likely contributors to improved outcomes with TAET.

title: Endovascular versus open management of blunt traumatic aortic disruption at two military XXXX centers: comparison of in-hospital variables.

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['One injury', 'aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Isolated adrenal glands of @entity235 were perfused through the adrenolumbar vein with Krebs-Ringer @entity1391 solution. @entity1239 or @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) significantly increased the proportion of @entity1063 in the effluent whereas muscarine did not alter the relative proportions of @entity1425 and @entity1063 . @entity2899 and @entity4033 (C6) inhibited the response to @entity1239 completely but scarcely affected the response to @entity1617 and significantly potentiated the response to muscarine. @entity3897 inhibited the response to muscarine completely, that to @entity1617 partially and that to @entity1239 slightly. Preinfusion of @entity2607 potentiated the secretory response to @entity1617 but not that to @entity1239 and muscarine. When @entity1239 and muscarine were infused simultaneously, @entity2922 (CA) release was greater than the sum of the responses to @entity1239 and muscarine separately. Continuous infusion of @entity1239 for 60 min caused block of the adrenal medulla but potentiated CA release in response to @entity1617 and more especially to muscarine. This potentiated release of CA was completely blocked by preinfusion of @entity3897 . Continuous infusion of muscarine for 60 min also blocked CA release and significantly potentiated the response to @entity1239 , but slightly inhibited the response to @entity1617 . These potentiated and inhibited responses were also completely blocked by preinfusion of d-tubocurarine of C6. On the contrary, during the blockade phase caused by @entity1617 (in combination with @entity2607 ), @entity1239 of @entity11039 did not cause release of CA. In addition, the continuous infusion of @entity1239 plus muscarinic receptors for @entity934 in the adrenal medulla and that cholinergic transmission is possible via both mechanisms in isolated adrenal glands. When one type of receptors is blocked by continuous contact with an agonist or by @entity2899 or C6, the sensitivity of the other type is increased; inactivation of the one is thus compensated by the increased response due to potentiation of the other.

title: Further evidence for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and their interaction in XXXX adrenal medulla.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity11039 :: ('MESH:D009116', 'Chemical') :: ['muscarine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine', 'd-Tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: CBA/J female @entity19 mated with DBA/2J males show a high incidence of fetal resorptions. This paper presents data demonstrating that nonspecific immunopotentiation by complete Freund adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) reversed @entity393 in CBA/J mothers. Immunization of more than 70 CBA/J females mated with DBA/2J males with @entity3795 reduced the incidence of fetal resorption from 27.3 +/- 1.9 to 7.9 +/- 1.5%. The injection of Thymus Humoral Factor known to be a potent T cell stimulator did not reduce the number of fetal resorptions. The route of @entity3795 distribution was found to be important--only foot pad injections were effective in fetal protection, whereas i.p. treatment did not reduce fetal resorptions. Fetal protection could be transferred by splenocytes of @entity3795 -injected CBA/J mothers (9.6 +/- 5.0% fetal resorptions). Sera from treated CBA/J @entity19 could not cause such an effect (17.6 +/- 4.6 vs. 21.3 +/- 6.1 in control animals). Thus, stimulation of the maternal immune system by nonspecific immunopotentiators can improve reproductive performance of this @entity19 combination which has an increased rate of @entity393 . Possible mechanisms of this fetal protection are discussed.

title: Nonspecific immunopotentiators and @entity393 : complete Freund adjuvant reverses high fetal resorption rate in CBA x DBA/2 XXXX combination.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is an @entity32 in which @entity379 , the signature cytokine of Th1 cells, plays a central role. We investigated whether @entity4155 , the signature cytokine of Th17 cells, is also associated with @entity1 @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Circulating @entity4155 and @entity379 were detected in a subset of @entity1 with @entity453 and in referent outpatients of similar age without @entity299 but not in young healthy individuals. @entity4155 plasma levels correlated closely with those of the IL-12/ @entity379 / @entity371 cytokine axis but not with known Th17 inducers such as @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity4452 . Both @entity4155 and @entity379 were produced at higher levels by T cells within cultured @entity731 coronary arteries after polyclonal activation than within nondiseased vessels. Combinations of proinflammatory cytokines induced @entity379 but not @entity4155 secretion. Blockade of @entity379 signaling increased @entity4155 synthesis, whereas neutralization of @entity4155 responses decreased @entity379 synthesis; production of both cytokines was inhibited by @entity2533 . Approximately 10-fold fewer coronary artery-infiltrating T helper cells were @entity4155 producers than @entity379 producers, and unexpectedly, @entity4155 / @entity379 double producers were readily detectable within the artery wall. Although @entity4155 did not modulate the growth or survival of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity4155 interacted cooperatively with @entity379 to enhance @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity371 secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that @entity4155 is produced concomitantly with @entity379 by coronary artery-infiltrating T cells and that these cytokines act synergistically to induce proinflammatory responses in vascular smooth muscle cells.

title: Interleukin-17 and @entity379 are produced concomitantly by XXXX coronary artery-infiltrating T cells and act synergistically on vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of treatment with @entity1499 for @entity32 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity32 managed at 4 tertiary @entity32 clinics in the United States observed to add @entity1499 as a single, noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agent to their treatment regimen, between 1979 and 2007, inclusive. METHODS: @entity1 were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for @entity2194 Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including dosage, route of administration of @entity1499 , and main outcome measures, were obtained for every eye of every @entity1 at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Control of @entity32 , corticosteroid-sparing effects, and incidence of and reason for discontinuation of therapy. RESULTS: Among 384 @entity1 (639 eyes) observed from the point of addition of @entity1499 to an anti-inflammatory regimen, 32.8%, 9.9%, 21.4%, 14.6%, 15.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, had anterior @entity1596 , intermediate @entity1596 , posterior or @entity5863 , @entity3170 , @entity13592 , and other forms of @entity32 . In these groups, complete suppression of @entity32 sustained for >or=28 days was achieved within 6 months in 55.6%, 47.4%, 38.6%, 56.4%, 39.5%, and 76.7%, respectively. @entity228 -sparing success (sustained suppression of @entity32 with @entity229 <or=10 mg/d) was achieved within 6 months among 46.1%, 41.3%, 20.7%, 37.3%, 36.5%, and 50.9%, respectively. Overall, success within 12 months was 66% and 58.4% for sustained control and @entity228 sparing (<or=10 mg), respectively. @entity1499 was discontinued within 1 year by 42% of @entity1 . It was discontinued owing to ineffectiveness in 50 @entity1 (13%); 60 @entity1 (16%) discontinued because of side effects, which typically were reversible with dose reduction or discontinuation. Remission was seen in 43 @entity1 , with 7.7% remitting within 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that adding @entity1499 to an anti-inflammatory regimen not involving other noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs is moderately effective for management of inflammatory activity and for achieving corticosteroid-sparing objectives, although many months may be required for therapeutic success. @entity1499 was well tolerated by most @entity1 , and seems to convey little risk of serious side effects during treatment.

title: XXXX for ocular inflammatory diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ocular inflammation', 'noninfectious ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Eye Diseases']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity13592 :: ('MESH:D010390', 'Disease') :: ['ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2493 receptors are seven-pass G protein-coupled receptors located in many tissues throughout the body, including the corneal epithelium (CE), and relay circadian signals to the target cells. The purpose of this study was to determine more precisely the cellular distribution of the @entity2493 receptors in the surface cells of the CE of @entity1238 , and to examine the relative distribution of @entity2493 receptor subtype expression at different times during the circadian cycle. METHODS: Cryostat sections and whole corneas of adult @entity1238 were processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies specific for each of the three @entity2493 receptor subtypes ( @entity28453 , @entity28453 , and @entity28454 ). For the circadian studies, corneas were obtained from euthanized frogs at 4-h intervals during a 24-h period under a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle. Double-label immunocytochemistry was performed using a @entity28453 antibody in combination with antibodies against @entity28453 , @entity28454 , or the zonula occludens protein @entity28455 . Corneal whole-mount specimens and corneal sections were analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS: All three @entity2493 receptor subtypes were expressed on the surface and sub-superficial layer of CE cells, but with different sub-cellular distributions. The @entity28453 receptor was highly localized to the lateral plasma membrane of the surface CE, but also displayed cytoplasmic localization at some times of day, especially at night. @entity28454 showed a similar pattern of labeling to @entity28453 , but there were some distinctive differences, insofar as the @entity28454 receptors were usually located immediately basal to the @entity28453 receptors. The relative degree of membrane and cytoplasmic labeling of the @entity28456 also oscillated during the 24-h period, but was out of phase with the changes that occurred in the @entity28453 receptor localization. Furthermore, in the late afternoon time point, the @entity28453 and @entity28454 receptors were highly co-localized, suggestive of heterodimerization, whereas at other time points, the two receptors were distinctly not co-localized. Double-label immunocytochemistry of @entity28453 and @entity28455 demonstrated that the @entity28453 receptor was located basal to the tight junctions, on the lateral membrane in very close proximity to the @entity28455 protein. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28453 , @entity28453 , and @entity28456 subtypes are expressed in the lateral plasma membrane of the @entity1238 surface CE, at a position in close proximity to the tight junctions that form the corneal diffusion barrier. The very close association of the @entity28453 receptors to the @entity28455 peripheral membrane tight junction proteins is suggestive of a potential role for @entity2493 in influencing the rate of tight junction formation or breakdown. The transient co-localization of @entity28453 and @entity28454 late in the light period is suggestive of formation of heterodimers that may influence receptor responsiveness and/or activity during specific periods of the day. The dynamic daily changes in @entity2493 receptor subtype expression and localization in the surface CE supports the concept that @entity2493 signaling may affect circadian activities of the surface epithelium of the @entity267 .

title: XXXX receptor expression in @entity1238 surface corneal epithelium: diurnal rhythm of lateral membrane localization.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: @entity7298 is a frequent symptom in @entity1 with @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) and results in marked @entity28 with the risk of @entity65 . Previously, we reported that our special diet for @entity6038 @entity1 is effective in the long run, if started early at about 2 years of age. Our objective in this study was to investigate if our special diet is also effective in @entity6038 adolescents who are already overweight. We provided a strict, fat-reduced, and @entity1735 -modified diet, consisting of 10 kcal/cm height, to five adolescents (two female, three male) with @entity6038 . @entity1 were prospectively followed at our center for 2-6 years. BMI, BMI- @entity214 , and Weight-for-Height Index were recorded over that period. The special diet was started at a mean age of 16 years (range: 14.1-18.9 years) and initial BMI was 41.3 kg/m(2) (range: 32.4-55.5 kg/m(2)), corresponding to BMI- @entity214 +3.6 (range: +2.8 to +4.5 @entity214 ). Weight-for-Height Index was 243% (range: 190-339%). After 2 years of the diet, BMI decreased to 33 kg/m(2) (range: 26.7-38 kg/m(2)), as well as BMI- @entity214 +2.7 (range: 1.7-3.4 @entity214 ) and Weight-for-Height Index to 191% (range: 157-232%); p < 0.01. The special diet was still effective in reducing weight after 4-6 years, with a mean BMI of 30.5 kg/m(2) (range: 24.6-34.5 kg/m(2)) and a mean BMI- @entity214 of +2.1 (range: 0.7-2.9). We conclude that in a period of 2-6 years, our strict, fat-reduced, and @entity1735 -modified diet, with 10 kcal/cm height, is effective even in adolescents with @entity6038 who are already overweight.

title: A special, strict, fat-reduced, and @entity1735 -modified diet leads to marked weight reduction even in overweight adolescents with @entity6038 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi Syndrome', 'PWS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['PWS']


abstract: In this study, antimicrobial resistance patterns, carbapenemase production, @entity2893 -hydrolysing class D OXA-type b-lactamase (CHDL)-encoding genes and ISAba insertion elements were characterised in @entity3064 isolates from Southern Iran. A total of 85 A. baumannii isolates from @entity1 in a tertiary care hospital were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles to 14 antimicrobials were determined by disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to @entity3273 and @entity9001 were determined by the broth microdilution method. Isolates were analysed for OXA-type carbapenemase-encoding genes, ISAba elements upstream of blaOXA genes, and carbapenemase production by the CarbAcineto NP test. Of the 85 A. baumannii isolates, 73 (86%) were non-susceptible to @entity2892 . The MIC50 and MIC90 values for @entity2892 were 16mg/L and 64mg/L, respectively. Fourteen isolates (16%) were resistant to @entity3273 . Among the 79 @entity2893 -non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates, 77 (97%) were carbapenemase-producers as determined by the CarbAcineto NP test. The most frequently identified OXA-type carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-23-like, which was identified in 44 isolates (52%), followed by blaOXA-24-like with 13 isolates (15%). Statistical analysis showed that ISAba elements upstream of the blaOXA gene were significantly related to @entity2892 -non-susceptible isolates. The presence of blaOXA genes and ISAba1 and ISAba4 elements can explain the resistance of the isolates to carbapenems. The concerns raised following the emergence of @entity3273 -resistant A. baumannii isolates highlight the need for a comprehensive national programme to collect and examine A. baumannii isolates from different parts of Iran.

title: Antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic elements involved in @entity2893 resistance in XXXX isolates from a referral hospital in Southern Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: AIMS: During the global H1N1 influenza A ( @entity1707 flu) pandemic 2009-2010, @entity1707 flu vaccines were expeditiously licensed and a mass vaccination programme for high risk groups, including pregnant @entity1 , was introduced in the UK. This pilot active safety surveillance study was performed to establish the feasibility of rapidly monitoring the new @entity1707 flu vaccines in large @entity1 numbers receiving or offered the vaccination under normal conditions of use within a short time frame. METHODS: A cohort design with safety data capture through modern technologies was carried out in Scotland, UK during the winter @entity1707 flu vaccination programme 2009-2010 in individuals receiving or offered the @entity1707 flu vaccination. The main outcome measures were self-reported @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 4066 @entity1 ; 3754 vaccinated and 312 offered the vaccination but not vaccinated. There were 939 self-reported events (838 different events), 53 judged to fit SAE criteria by the investigators, with nine judged as possibly, probably or definitely vaccine related. None of the seven @entity204 (six in vaccinees) were judged as vaccine related. One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 reported 130 pregnancies during the study with 117 pregnant at study start. There were reports of four miscarriages in three @entity1 and six possible @entity154 in live births. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, no significant safety issues were identified. The methodology and use of modern technologies to collect safety data from large numbers of @entity1 was successful and could be used again in similar safety studies.

title: Influenza H1N1 ( @entity1707 flu) vaccination: a safety surveillance feasibility study using self-reporting of XXXX and pregnancy outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['serious adverse events', 'SAEs']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['serious adverse events']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) is a rare genetically heterogenous condition. Mutations in @entity4594 or @entity27520 genes can be found in about a third of the @entity1 with @entity910 . Increased occurrence of mutations was described in several exons of these long genes. The objective of the study was to test the sensitivity of sequencing of selected 13 exons (as compared to costly sequencing of all 100 exons of the two genes), and to determine the prevalence of the @entity4594 or @entity27520 mutations in the Czech @entity910 database. METHODS: The Czech national @entity910 database has identified 31 pediatric @entity1 , diagnosed based on clinical findings and tests on the ciliated epithelium. Twenty-seven @entity1 from 24 families agreed on genetic testing. In the first step, direct sequencing of selected 13 exons (9 of @entity4594 of @entity27520 ) was performed, and then we compared its effectiveness in detecting at least one mutation with results of sequencing all 100 exons of the two genes. RESULTS: The sequencing of all exons identified compound heterozygosity for @entity910 mutations in nine @entity1 from eight families ( @entity4594 in eight and @entity27520 in one @entity1 ), and heterozygozity for a @entity4594 mutation of uncertain functional significance in one additional @entity1 . The first step of selected exon sequencing detected a mutation in five out of these eight families, its actual sensitivity being 62.5%, with a high predictive value. The phenotypic and clinical characteristics of all the paediatric @entity1 with @entity910 are shown. CONCLUSIONS: Selected exon sequencing detects at least one mutated allele in over a half of our @entity1 who have @entity910 due to @entity4594 or @entity27520 mutations. To lower the costs of the genetic testing, targeted step-wise genetic testing may be a reasonable approach to detect mutations in @entity910 @entity1 , especially if their phenotype is taken into account.

title: Effectiveness of sequencing selected exons of @entity4594 and XXXX in diagnosis of primary @entity910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Primary ciliary dyskinesia']

answer: @entity27520 :: (27019,Gene) :: ['DNAI1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, agreement on outcomes is of utmost importance for valid estimation of intervention effects. As there is limited knowledge about adjudicator agreement in cardiology, we examined the level of agreement among three cardiology specialists adjudicating all possible events in a randomized controlled clinical trial of @entity1 with stable @entity301 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: All information (hospital records, death certificates, etc.) was forwarded to two randomly selected blinded adjudicators. If they disagreed, the third arbiter had to choose the more likely of the two alternatives. Files of 5,475 nonfatal and 362 fatal events were evaluated. RESULTS: For nonfatal outcomes, pairwise kappa values ranged from 0.75 to 0.80. The three adjudicators had 4.3%, 9.5%, and 6.1% of their nonfatal outcome classifications overruled by their arbiter. If stable @entity951 , unstable @entity951 , and @entity583 were treated as one, agreement increased minimally. For fatal outcomes, the pairwise kappa values ranged from 0.65 to 0.90. The three adjudicators had 12%, 9%, and 10% of their death classifications overruled. CONCLUSION: Specialists in cardiology can attain a reasonably high agreement on outcomes in @entity1 with stable @entity301 .

title: Good interobserver agreement was attainable on outcome adjudication in XXXX with stable @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cases underwent surgery with the diagnosis of head and neck non @entity320 @entity272 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical records of 89 @entity1 (33 females, 56 males; mean age 65.4 years; ranges 41 to 87 years) who underwent excision and reconstruction with the diagnosis of @entity272 at ENT clinics of Ege University Hospital between April 2004 and March 2006 and 101 lesions were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 who were diagnosed with non @entity320 and whose surgical decisions were concluded at the common council of dermatology clinic, ear nose and throat clinic and oral diagnosis clinics were included in the study. In all cases pre- and postoperative pictures of lesions, pathological results and follow-up results were all evaluated. RESULTS: The 32 of 101 lesions were located at nasal esthetical unit and 15 of these were at alar region subunit. The second most common location was lip with 29 lesions and 24 of them were located at lower lip. The evaluation of flap techniques performed for the reconstruction of excision defect revealed that extending flap was the second common method with 12 cases after primary closure with 23 cases. The pathological results of these lesions were found to be @entity957 with 49 @entity1491 with 41 lesions. In three cases the surgical margins were positive, meaning @entity5 still remains in normal tissue. Neck dissection was performed in seven @entity1 . There was no @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 during the follow-up period mean=47.5 months (range 37-57 months). CONCLUSION: @entity5 are the most common @entity5 . Successful results are available if these lesions are diagnosed early, excised with correct methods and reconstructed with appropriate techniques.

title: [Our experience with surgery of non XXXX cutaneous @entity5 of head and neck].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant lesion', 'Cutaneous malignancies', 'malignancy type worldwide']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin malignancies', 'skin malignancy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma skin malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['lesions and basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: We histopathologically and immunohistochemically investigated a case of @entity706 that spontaneously developed in a male @entity7533 at two years of age. Beginning at two years four months of age, the animal had an enlargement of the submandibular and inguinal lymph nodes, small subcutaneous nodules near the right breast and an approximately fivefold increase in peripheral lymphocyte count compared with the previous examination value. The postmortem findings at two years eight months of age showed @entity381 . Small- to intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes had diffusely proliferated in the enlarged nodes. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic and had irregularly shaped nuclei. The nuclear chromatin staining revealed hyperchromatism in the small-sized cells, and the intermediate-sized cells exhibited vesicular staining. An immunohistochemical examination indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and negative for @entity36165 , thus suggesting that they had originated from T cells. In addition, the proliferation of high endothelial venules and reactive epithelioid histiocytes was observed. Scattered tingible body-laden macrophages were infrequently detected. Neoplastic lymphocytes were also observed in the thymus, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and femoral and sternal bone marrow. This @entity706 in a young male @entity7533 was considered to fit the category of "peripheral @entity784 , not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS)" according to the new WHO system of classification.

title: Spontaneous XXXX in a Young Male @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy with enlargement of the thymus and spleen']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmoset']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Malignant T Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: We have recently described a luminal @entity17350 diphosphatase activity in Golgi-like vesicles of @entity375 (Abeijon, C., Orlean, P., Robbins, P. W., and Hirschberg, C. B. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 6935-6939). The presumed in vivo role of this enzyme is to convert @entity3006 into GMP. @entity3006 is a reaction product following outer-chain mannosylation of luminal proteins and a known inhibitor of mannosyltransferases. It is hypothesized that GMP then returns to the cytosol. We have purified this enzyme to apparent homogeneity. Following solubilization from a membrane pellet using a buffer containing Triton X-100, the enzyme was purified on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column followed by Mono Q fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and Superose-12 FPLC columns. After treatment with endoglycosidase H, the deglycosylated active enzyme was applied to a second Mono Q FPLC column and a @entity32121 FPLC column. The final enzyme activity was enriched 6500-fold over that of the Triton X-100 extract. The apparant molecular mass of the deglycosylated enzyme is 47 kDa. The purified enzyme is highly specific for @entity3006 , requires @entity141 for maximal activity, and has a broad pH optimum between 7.4 and 8.2. The apparent Km for @entity3006 is 0.1 mM; the Vmax is 4.9 mmol/min/mg of protein. An enzyme activity with similar substrate specificity has also been detected in membranes of @entity6739 .

title: A @entity17350 diphosphatase enriched in Golgi vesicles of XXXX . Purification and characterization.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity3006 :: ('MESH:D006153', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine diphosphate', 'GDP']

entities_list: @entity32121 :: ('MESH:C091883', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-Superose']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritonsillar abscesses are considered to be complications of @entity32 and are a frequently occurring condition. Often, to confirm the presence of an abscess and to locate it following a dry-tap aspirate, computed tomography (CT) is performed. No validated data has been published to date concerning the role of CT in the diagnosis of @entity17107 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis, the records of @entity1 presenting at a German university hospital with a suspected @entity17107 between 2006 and 2011 were evaluated. A particular focus was placed on the diagnostic procedure for @entity1 with dry tap. The CT images were evaluated by 2 neuroradiologists. RESULTS: 310 @entity1 with a suspected @entity17107 from the period 2006   2011 were evaluated. In 51 cases (31 male and 20 female @entity1 ; 16.5 %), a dry tap was found to have occurred. Of these, in 42 @entity1 (82.3 %) a CT scan was performed to rule out or locate an abscess. In 36 @entity1 (85.7 %), an abscess was verified by CT imaging. CONCLUSION: Where there are clinical grounds for suspecting a @entity17107 , and where a dry tap occurs, our data indicate that performing a CT scan to verify and locate an abscess is an effective diagnostic procedure. However, greater attention should be paid to additional diagnostic methods.

title: [The role of CT in the diagnosis of XXXX after Punctio Sicca].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['a peritonsillar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess', 'peritonsillar abscesses']

answer: @entity17107 :: (MESH:D000039,Disease) :: ['peritonsillar abscesses']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Salivary @entity701 is regarded as a reliable parameter for the noninvasive assessment of the welfare of animals, because it is strictly related to stress levels. Several methods are available for salivary @entity701 measurement in mammals, however rapid diagnostic test for detecting salivary @entity701 are confined to @entity1 . The availability of such non invasive diagnostic tools operable in situ would facilitate monitoring of animal welfare. The @entity701 stress    test provides a simple and rapid tool to discriminate @entity701 levels in @entity235 saliva above or below 4ng/ml, which has been suggested as the cut-off value for distinguishing unstressed @entity235 from those experiencing stress. The test is based on a competitive immunochromatographic assay (ICT) using gold nanoparticles as probes, in which the color intensity of the Test line is inversely correlated to the salivary @entity701 level. The qualitative result is obtained by the visual observation of the color formed on the Test line compared to that of the Control line We evaluated the accuracy of the test by determining salivary @entity701 in 85 samples of @entity235 saliva belonging to @entity235 with very variable age, sex, breed, and life history, and comparing the qualitative results to those obtained by a reference ELISA kit. Agreeing results were obtained through the two methods, and the ICT showed high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and efficiency (100%, 98.4%, and 98.8%, respectively). Furthermore, we evaluated the precision of the test by an experimental design approach, which combines errors due to within-day and between-day variation with the biological variability, and demonstrated that the test could be reliably applied for correctly classifying @entity235 samples, according to their salivary @entity701 level. Moreover, we studied the shelf-life of the device in three experimental conditions. We confirmed the stability of the ICT at 4  C and 25  C for at least six months and observed similar results for an accelerated stability study conducted for 7days at 37  C, which suggest that the stability of ICT device could be estimated by the accelerated experiment alternatively to the real-time study.

title: Validation of a qualitative immunochromatographic test for the noninvasive assessment of stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the results of IVF with trophectoderm biopsy and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) following delayed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: @entity1 undergoing IVF with @entity74 and delayed ICSI were included in the study. Indications for delayed ICSI included absent or poor fertilization via standard insemination or more than 50  % immature oocytes, noted post-cumulus stripping for standard ICSI procedure. Delayed ICSI was performed the day after retrieval due to absent or poor fertilization. The immature oocytes were kept in extended culture, and if demonstrated maturity, ICSI was performed. Primary outcome included fertilization rate and blastocyst stage formation, defined by the number of blastocysts for biopsy. Secondary outcome included @entity2007 rate and pregnancy outcomes following single thawed euploid embryo transfers (STEET). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with delayed ICSI were included in the study. Twelve were due to poor fertilization and four secondary to immature oocytes. A total of 219 oocytes were retrieved; ten were frozen upon @entity1 request, 168 had standard insemination, and 13 had routine ICSI on the day of retrieval. A total of 129 oocytes underwent delayed ICSI. Sixty-three (49  %) fertilized, 19 (14.7  %) reached blastocysts for biopsy; fivw of which were chromosomally normal (26.3  %). Three @entity1 underwent STEET of a delayed ICSI embryo; all three resulted in live births, including one embryo biopsied on day 8 of development. CONCLUSION: Fertilization failure or an excessive proportion of immature oocytes in an IVF cycle, necessitating delayed ICSI, showed equivalent fertilization and blast formation rates. With the implementation of trophectoderm biopsy and @entity74 , these embryos can lead to healthy live born babies.

title: Delayed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with trophectoderm biopsy and XXXX ( @entity74 ) show increased @entity2007 rates but can lead to live births with single thawed euploid embryo transfer (STEET).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['preimplantation genetic screening', 'PGS']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['preimplantation genetic screening']


abstract: Purinergic receptors are present in most tissues and thought to be involved in various signalling pathways, including neural signalling, cell metabolism and local regulation of the microcirculation in skeletal muscles. The present study aims to determine the distribution and intracellular content of purinergic receptors in skeletal muscle fibres in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and age-matched controls. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained from six @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and seven age-matched controls. Purinergic receptors were analysed using light and confocal microscopy in immunolabelled transverse sections of muscle biopsies. The receptors @entity29445 , @entity23462 and likely @entity23463 were present intracellularly or in the plasma membrane of muscle fibres and were thus selected for further detailed morphological analysis. @entity23463 receptors were expressed in intracellular vesicles and sarcolemma. @entity29445 receptors were present in sarcolemma. @entity23462 receptors were abundantly and diffusely expressed intracellularly and were more explicitly expressed in @entity164 I than in @entity164 II fibres, whereas @entity23463 and @entity29445 showed no fibre- @entity164 specificity. Both @entity6 @entity1 and healthy controls showed similar distribution of receptors. The current study demonstrates that purinergic receptors are located intracellularly in @entity1 skeletal muscle fibres. The similar cellular localization of receptors in healthy and @entity6 subjects suggests that @entity6 is not associated with an altered distribution of purinergic receptors in skeletal muscle fibres. We speculate that the intracellular localization of purinergic receptors may reflect a role in regulation of muscle metabolism; further studies are nevertheless needed to determine the function of the purinergic system in skeletal muscle cells.

title: Purinergic receptors expressed in XXXX skeletal muscle fibres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although radical radiotherapy is known to be equally effective for @entity5 (T1-2 N0) with the added advantage of organ and function preservation, surgery remains the preferred treatment. We present outcome of @entity1 treated with brachytherapy (BT) either radical or boost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (T1/T2 31/26) were studied. Seventeen @entity1 (30%) were treated with radical BT (50-67 Gy) while 40 (70%) with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) + BT (36-56 Gy + 15-38 Gy]. Low-dose-rate (LDR) BT was delivered with 192 Ir wires, using plastic bead technique with varied dose rates (<60 cGy/h in 29 @entity1 , 60-90 cGy/h in 17, and >90 cGy/h in 11). RESULTS: The overall local control (LCR) was achieved in 59.7% (34/57) @entity1 . LCR for @entity6493 was 67.8% and 50%, respectively. A total of 23 @entity1 had failures [local: 20 (T1: 8; T2: 12 @entity1 ), node: 5 (T1:2; T2: 3), and local + nodal: 3]. Overall 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival (OAS) were 51% and 67%, respectively and those for @entity6493 was 64.5/77.4% and 38.5/54% respectively (P = 0.002). All 16 @entity1 were salvaged. Median survival after salvage treatment was 13.5 months (6-100 months). Soft tissue @entity39 was observed in 12.3% (7/57) and @entity7190 in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: BT, as an integral part of radical radiation therapy in @entity5 , appears to be an effective alternative treatment modality with preservation of the organ and function without jeopardizing the outcome.

title: Treatment outcome with low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage tongue cancers', 'early-stage oral tongue cancers']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage oral tongue cancers']


abstract: Reuse of dialysers is being practiced since the start of hemodialysis (HD) service in Nepal, which is cost effective as well as safe. A retrospective study was done in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. We reviewed case records of the year 2008 and retrieved required data such as pre and post @entity1133 , post dialysis weight and ultrafiltration volume from 186 sessions of dialysis of 60 @entity1 . Dialysis sessions were divided into nine groups according to the number of use of dialyser. Out of 60 @entity1 , 40 were male. Mean age of the study population was 45.82 +/- 15.42 yrs (range 18-78). Dialysers were reprocessed manually up to 9 times. Adequacy of dialysis was assessed using single pool Kt/v (spKt/v) and @entity1133 reduction rate (URR). Mean pre @entity1133 , post @entity1133 and spKt/v were 160 +/- 51.2 mg/dL, 71.8 +/- 28.5 mg/dL and 0.95 +/- 0.28 respectively. Mean URR was 54.82 +/- 11.24%. Out of total 186 sessions, spKt/v was > or = 1.2 in only 31 sessions (17.0%). There was no significant difference in mean spKt/v between the groups (p=0.87). When compared between the individual groups e.g. 1st vs. 7th, 1st vs. 8th and 1st vs. 9th, there was no significant difference in spKt/v. Dialysis is inadequate in most of our @entity1 undergoing HD twice a week. Reuse of dialyser is effective in @entity1133 clearance and the practice of reuse is cost effective and safe.

title: Evaluation of dialysis adequacy in XXXX under hemodialysis and effectiveness of dialysers reuses.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that @entity158 relief after total hip replacement (THR) can be obtained with a multimodal approach using oral controlled release (CR) @entity1288 plus IV @entity1443 . METHODS: Two hundred and sixty @entity1 undergoing THR were randomized into two groups. A group of 130 @entity1 (EPI) under epidural anesthesia followed by continuous infusion of @entity1343 0.125% and @entity681 0.7 mcg/mL at 7 mL/h was compared with a group (OXY) of 130 @entity1 under spinal anesthesia and oral CR @entity1288 10 mg/q12h plus IV @entity1443 1g/q6h. @entity158 intensity at rest and dynamic by visual analogue scores (VAS), rescue dose consumption and side effects of three postoperative days (POD) were collected and analyzed with Mann-Withney test (P<0.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: VAS values at rest were similar in both groups at @entity773 , significantly lower in the OXY group either at POD#2 (P=0.018) and POD#3 (P=0.001). Dynamic VAS values were significantly lower in the EPI group at @entity773 (P=0.001), similar for both groups at POD#2 and significantly lower in the OXY group at POD#3 (P=0.026) than the comparing group. Rescue dose consumption was significantly lower in the EPI group during the @entity773 (P=0.009), similar for both groups at POD#2 and higher in the EPI at POD#3 (P=0.008). The incidence of @entity391 was similar for the two groups. @entity390 was more frequent in the OXY group at POD#3 and more @entity551 events occurred in the OXY group at POD#2. CONCLUSION: Oral CR @entity1288 plus IV @entity1443 was as effective as epidural @entity1343 and @entity681 for @entity282 relief after THR.

title: XXXX relief after total hip replacement: oral CR @entity1288 plus IV @entity1443 versus epidural @entity1343 and @entity681 . A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe the experience of postpartum @entity308 among first-time mothers in mainland China. BACKGROUND: Postpartum @entity308 affects approximately 10-20% of @entity1 across many different cultural settings; however, most theories of this condition have been developed in Western societies. Transcultural studies may enhance the understanding of the sociocultural factors associated with postpartum @entity308 . METHOD: A phenomenological approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from January to June 2008. A purposive sample was recruited from a postnatal clinic at a regional hospital in mainland China. Fifteen first-time mothers who scored 13 or above on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 weeks after childbirth were interviewed. FINDINGS: Three themes were identified: feeling drained, perceiving oneself to be a failure and dissonance. @entity1 felt physically and emotionally exhausted. They perceived themselves to be incompetent and imperfect mothers, and thus, failures. They experienced dissonance between tradition and modernity and between expectations and reality. The practice of 'doing the month', daughter-in-law/mother-in-law relationship, gender of the baby and one- @entity1 policy contributed to their @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Cultural values need to be taken into account in order better to understand the causes, prevention, and diagnosis of postpartum @entity308 , and care provision for @entity1 with this condition. Perinatal education could aim at improving a @entity1 's resilience by enhancing her problem-solving ability and @entity73 . Further studies could be carried out in other parts of China or other Asian countries to determine the transferability of the findings.

title: Experiences of postpartum XXXX among first-time mothers in mainland China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive restructuring skills']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: AIM: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) can improve glycaemic control and dietary flexibility compared with conventional @entity2690 therapies. There is little information on whether users are utilising this increased dietary flexibility, and whether dietary quality is affected. METHODS: A pre-post observational study was undertaken in 28 @entity1 and adolescents with type 1 @entity6 commencing CSII. Meal pattern and dietary composition was examined from 3-day food diaries completed before and 3-6 months after CSII commencement. @entity1 completed the @entity6 -Specific Quality of Life for Youth Short Form, and body mass index z-score, and glycated haemoglobin were measured. A second posttest was undertaken at 18 months with those who were still on CSII and contactable (n = 18). RESULTS: Energy and macronutrient intake before and 18 months after CSII commencement were unchanged. Mean snacking events decreased significantly by 1.2 snacks per day (P = 0.009), as did the percentage energy derived from snacks (28.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 21.5-36.1 vs. 19.3%, 95% CI 13.2-25.4; P = 0.045). @entity6 -Specific Quality of Life for Youth Short Form score was not significantly affected by pump commencement (25.9 95% CI 18.2-33.6), and body mass index z-score remained similar before and after CSII. Glycated haemoglobin decreased by 0.5% in the 3-6 months following CSII commencement, but was similar to baseline at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the commencement of CSII did not lead to an abandonment of healthy eating principles, and that @entity1 utilised the increased dietary flexibility to make changes to their snacking pattern.

title: @entity2690 pump therapy in XXXX and adolescents: changes in dietary habits, composition and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The nematicidal activity of @entity1068 extract (ETE) of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) was assessed in vivo compared to that of @entity7400 on the adult of Heligmosomoides polygyrus parasite of rodents. One hundred and five Swiss white @entity19 of two sexes aged 5-6 weeks old, and weighing between 20 and 25 g were orally infected with a 0.8 ml of a dose of 104-120, 1-week-old H. polygyrus infective larvae (L(3)). After the pre-patent period (9-11 days), infected animals were randomly divided into 7 groups of 15 animals each. The nematicidal efficacy of the ETE was monitored through faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). Five doses (350, 700, 1400, 2800 and 5600 mgkg(-1) body weight) for ETE and 22 mgkg(-1) for @entity7400 were studied using a bioassay. @entity7400 and 3% @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) were included in the assays as reference drug and placebo, respectively. Each host received according to its weight for 7 days a daily dose of 0.7ml of the product. The ETE for all the doses tested except the dose rate 350 mgkg(-1)bwt was active in vivo on the adult of H. polygyrus and reduced significantly (p<0.05) the FEC and the TWC of the @entity2199 . The dose rate 5600 mgkg(-1)bwt showed the highest nematicidal activity of 75.0% FECR and 83.6% TWCR 7 days post-treatment. These results supported the possible use of medicinal plants in the control of @entity20789 .

title: In vivo evaluation of potential nematicidal properties of XXXX extract of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) on Heligmosomoides polygyrus parasite of rodents.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity20789 :: ('MESH:C531698', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal helminthiasis']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['Mebendazole']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) may gain profit from pleurodesis for relief of @entity1353 and in preventing the accumulation of    uid or air in the pleural space. Pleurodesis methods are palliative and regard the @entity1 's symptoms and underlying disease condition that are different. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity1732 in the treatment of @entity3483 . METHODS: From March 2003 to August 2009, 50 cases of @entity3483 referred for chemical pleurodesis. @entity3483 was diagnosed by cytotogical examination of pleural fluid after thoracosynthesis. Pleurodesis was done by pleural fluid instillation of @entity1732 . The severity of effusion with response to treatment was compared. RESULTS: Nineteen (38%) cases were males and 31 (62%) were females. The mean age of these @entity1 was 60.3  15.8 years (range=31 to 85 years). The majority of @entity1 had @entity0 and @entity2220 . The mean volume of pleural fluid drained was 2282  848.69(cc) (range 800-4500 (cc)). @entity1143 was mild in 2 (4%) @entity1 , moderate in 25 (50%) and severe in 23 (46%). There was no statistically significant difference between the response to treatment and the amount of effusion (p=.087). Complete response was seen in 33 (66%) @entity1 , partial response in 11 (22%) and failure to treatment in 6 (12%). There was no relationship between the response to treatment and @entity5 type. There was not any complication in 33 (66%) @entity1 , but @entity221 was seen in 2 (4%) and @entity662 in 7 (14%) and both of them in 8 (16%). CONCLUSION: The results show that pleurodesis with @entity1732 has improved the symptoms of 88 percent of @entity1 without causing any significant complications. Although pleurodesis does not have any effect on @entity1 ' survival, it has positive impact on their lives continuously by enhancing the quality of life.

title: XXXX in the treatment of 50 cases with @entity3483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusion', 'MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['Bleomycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Revision arthroplasty of the hip is becoming increasingly important in recent years. Early primary arthroplasty and longer life expectancy of the @entity1 increases the number of revision surgery. Revision surgery of hip arthroplasty is major surgery for the @entity1 , especially the elderly, with significant risks concerning the general condition of the @entity1 . The aim of this work is to evaluate the outcome of @entity162 as a salvage procedure for treatment of loosening of the acetabular cup with significant acetabular @entity79 after total hip replacement (THR) in multi-morbid @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: During the period from January 1(st) 2007 to December 31(st) 2011 19 revision hip surgeries were performed in 19 @entity1 , in which the loosened acetabular cup was replaced by a @entity162 . The examined @entity1 group consisted exclusively of female @entity1 with an average of 75 years. The predominant diagnosis was " @entity1349 " (84.2%). All @entity1 in our study were multi-morbid. We decided to resort to @entity162 due to the compromised general condition of @entity1 and the major acetabular @entity79 , which were confirmed intraoperatively. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 67 months (average 19.1 months). RESULTS: Evaluation of the modified Harris Hip Score showed an overall improvement of the function of the hip joint after surgery of approximately 45%. Surgery was less time consuming and thus adequate for @entity1 with significantly poor general health condition. We noticed different complications in a significant amount of @entity1 (68.4%). The most common complication encountered was the proximal migration of the @entity162 . The rate of revision following the use of @entity162 in revision surgery of the hip in our @entity1 was high (21%). Despite the high number of complications reported in our study, we have noticed significant improvement of @entity572 as well as subjective @entity158 relief in the majority of @entity1 . We clearly achieved clinically satisfactory results in 14 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Bipolar hip arthroplasty is by no means to be regarded as standard procedure in revision surgery of THR. It provides an option or salvage procedure for @entity1 with poor general condition in whom the quickest possible surgical intervention preserving mobility is required. This is particularly true for multi-morbid @entity1 in whom sufficient acetabular fixation is not possible.

title: Bipolar hip arthroplasty as salvage treatment for loosening of the acetabular cup with significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar hip arthroplasty', 'bipolar head']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint function']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 ) is ubiquitous on the skin of normal and immunosuppressed hosts. OBJECTIVE: We describe the diversity of HPV types in skin specimens using PCR-sequencing directly and after cloning with @entity31721 /64 or @entity36157 /B5 primers. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of skin swabs. RESULTS: Seventy-five (92.6%) of 81 subjects provided samples that could be analysed with PCR (34 healthy controls <50 years old, 13 healthy controls > or =50 years old, 12 with @entity2517 ( @entity2517 ), 8 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 8 renal transplant recipients). HPV DNA was detected more frequently with @entity31721 /64 (68/75, 91%) than with @entity36157 /B5 (9/75, 12%) (p<0.001). Agreement of typing results using @entity31721 /64 primers with both sequencing strategies was fair (mean kappa 0.56+/-0.19, 95% CI: 0.46-0.65). HPV species 1 and 2 of the beta-papillomavirus genus were associated with the presence of @entity2517 (OR=24.8, 95% CI: 2.3-262.6). A greater number of HPV types per sample was found in individuals with @entity2517 or @entity957 (p=0.046) or @entity2517 alone (p=0.02), than in healthy @entity1 . CONCLUSION: HPV infection on the skin is best evaluated with a combination of primers and sequencing strategies. Novel putative types were frequently detected in @entity957 . @entity272 have a greater number of HPV types than normal skin.

title: Diversity of cutaneous XXXX types in individuals with and without @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['AK', 'actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']