abstract: PURPOSE: To provide information about available agents for chemical pleurodesis. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966 to October 1992) was conducted using the terms @entity3483 and pleurodesis. STUDY SELECTION: All articles containing references to @entity1 with recurrent, symptomatic, @entity3483 treated with chemical pleurodesis were selected and reviewed for pleurodesis regimen, number of @entity1 treated, success rate (complete response), and adverse effects. The agents studied included @entity3403 , @entity1214 , @entity803 , @entity1732 , @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity2879 , @entity1487 , interferon-beta, mitomycin-c, Corynebacterium parvum, @entity1667 , and talc. DATA EXTRACTION: Independent extraction by three observers. RESULTS: Studies including a total of 1168 @entity1 with @entity3483 were reviewed for efficacy of the pleurodesis agent and studies including 1140 @entity1 were reviewed for @entity137 . Chemical pleurodesis produced a complete response in 752 (64%) of 1168 @entity1 . The success rate of the pleurodesis agents varied from 0% with @entity2879 to 93% with talc. Corynebacterium parvum, the @entity2930 , and @entity1732 had success rates of 76%, 67%, and 54%, respectively. The most commonly reported adverse effects were @entity158 (265 of 1140, 23%) and fever (220 of 1140, 19%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3403 and @entity1214 , with success rates of 72% and 86%, respectively, appear to be effective @entity803 -replacement agents in the few @entity1 studied. Talc appears to be the most effective and least expensive agent; however, insufflation has the disadvantages of the expense of thoracoscopy and the usual need for general anesthesia. @entity1732 appears to be less effective than talc and the @entity2930 and is substantially more expensive.

title: Chemical pleurodesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity36740 Community in Cincinnati, Ohio was an innovative, community-wide initiative to use technology to transform care. One important feature was the development of regional alerts to notify practices when @entity1 were hospitalized or seen in the emergency department. The purpose of this paper is to describe the way in which technology engages the improvement process, and to describe the early stages of learning how to use technology to enhance quality improvement. METHODS: We interviewed key @entity36740 leaders as well as providers and office staff in selected practices. We also collected preliminary data from practices that reflected handling of alerts, including the number of @entity565 related alerts received and followed up. RESULTS: Regional alerts, supplied by the community-wide health information exchange, were a significant addition to the quality improvement effort in that they enabled practices to identify and follow up with additional @entity1 at risk. An important finding was the substantial effort at the practice level to integrate technology into ongoing @entity1 care. CONCLUSIONS: Developing the technology for community wide alerts represented a significant endeavor in the Cincinnati @entity36740 Community. However, the technology was just the first step. Despite extra effort and time required on the part of individual practices, they reported that the value of having alerts was high. @entity580 represent some of the most costly aspects of care, and an efficient process for intervening with @entity1 using these costly services was seen as of significant value.

title: A case study of pediatric @entity565 alerts from the XXXX community program in cincinnati: technology is just the first step.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital and ED visits']

answer: @entity36740 :: (59286,Gene) :: ['beacon']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study investigated: (1) the prevalence and development of 2 receptive (sexually explicit Internet material [SEIM] use and sexual information seeking) and 2 interactive (cybersex and general social networking site [SNS] use) online behaviors in adolescence; (2) whether development of these behaviors predict adolescents' body and @entity458 ; and (3) whether parental strategies regarding adolescents' Internet use reduce engagement in sex-related online behaviors. METHODS: Four-wave longitudinal data among 1132 seventh- to 10th-grade Dutch adolescents (mean age at wave 1: 13.95 years; 52.7% @entity1 ) were collected. Developmental trajectories of sex-related online behaviors were estimated by using latent growth curve modeling. Self-perception outcomes at wave 4 and parental strategies predicting online behaviors were investigated by adding regression paths to growth models. RESULTS: @entity1 occasionally and increasingly used SEIM. Patterns for @entity1 ' SEIM use and @entity1 ' and @entity1 ' sexual information seeking and cybersex were consistently low. SNS use, however, was a common, daily activity for both. Higher initial levels and/or faster increases in sex-related online behaviors generally predicted less physical self-esteem ( @entity1 ' SNS use only), more body surveillance, and less satisfaction with sexual experience. Private Internet access and less parental rule setting regarding Internet use predicted greater engagement in sex-related online behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although most sex-related online behaviors are not widespread among youth, adolescents who engage in such behaviors are at increased risk for developing negative body and @entity458 . Particular attention should be paid to adolescents' SNS use because this behavior is most popular and may, through its interactive characteristics, elicit more critical self-evaluations. Prevention efforts should focus on parents' role in reducing risky sex-related online behaviors.

title: Sex-related online behaviors and adolescents' body and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual self-perceptions']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual self-perceptions']


abstract: The interpretation of the atopy patch test (APT) to foods is not standardized. This study aimed to validate the reading of the APT in terms of the diagnostic accuracy of individual skin signs. Eighty-seven @entity1 (mean age 2.4 +/- 2.5 yr, range 0.5-13.5; 57 male) with @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and suspected @entity5419 underwent APT to @entity291 's milk, hen's egg, @entity3505 and soy. Twelve-millimetre Finn chambers were applied for 48 h, and results were read after 48 and 72 h. Skin changes were graded for @entity5105 , induration, papule formation and 'crescendo' phenomenon (increase of skin sign severity from 48 to 72 h). Food @entity566 was assessed by double blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC). Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for each skin signs in relation to challenge outcome. Of 165 DBPCFC @entity1 , 75 (45%) were positive. The combination of any skin induration plus papules (seven or more), or of moderate @entity5105 plus any induration plus seven or more papules had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and specificity for the challenge outcome of 100%; however, the sensitivity was low (8% and 15%). The best diagnostic accuracy for single signs was found for induration beyond the Finn chamber margin ( @entity2286 88%, specificity 99%, sensitivity 9%) and presence of at least seven papules ( @entity2286 80%, specificity 96% sensitivity 21%). Presence of both induration and of at least seven papules at 72 h were the APT skin signs with the greatest diagnostic accuracy for @entity5419 in @entity1 with @entity483 .

title: Proposal for a standardized interpretation of the atopy patch test in @entity1 with XXXX and suspected @entity5419 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1067 Background: The pro-drug @entity416 is approved in @entity5948 - and @entity1311 -resistant @entity0 . However, @entity137 and wide interpatient PK variability occur despite body surface area (BSA)-dosing schedule. We hypothesized that a fixed-dose schedule would simplify drug administration and provide an effective and safe alternative to BSA-based dosing. METHODS: We conducted an open label, single-arm, two-stage study of oral @entity416 with fixed starting dose (1.5 g PO bid x 14d q21d) in @entity1 treated with max 3 prior @entity0 cytotoxic regimens. Blood samples obtained were PG at baseline and PK during cycle 1. We correlated pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints (e.g., efficacy [response] per RECIST and @entity137 , adherence (MEMS caps) and PK/PG. SAMPLE SIZE: 45 @entity1 to detect 25% response rate from null response rate of 10% using Simon two-stage design with 80% power and 5% type I error rate. Three responses were required in 1(st) stage to proceed to 2(nd). RESULTS: Twenty six @entity1 were enrolled in the first-stage and 21 were evaluable (57% ER+, 43% ER-; 14% also HER2+); median BSA 1.89 m(2); median # prior chemo = 0, range 0-2) after a median of 4 cycles of @entity416 (range 2-16). Median ratio of fixed administered dose vs BSA-dosing was 79% (range 68-92%). Eight @entity1 had stable disease but progressed after median of 7 cycles (range 2-16). Despite clinical benefit rate of 19% (4 @entity1 with SD >=  24 weeks), no partial or complete responses were observed following the 1(st) stage and study was closed. No unexpected related @entity137 were seen except for grade 2 @entity8566 (28%) and @entity391 (5%) requiring dose-reduction. We observed a significant variability of the active metabolite @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) Cmax and AUC (154% vs 85% in historical controls), which was not explained by BSA (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fixed-dose @entity416 is feasible, simplifies drug administration, and is associated with PK variability of @entity1487 not explained by BSA. Single agent activity of @entity416 was modest in our @entity1 with ER- or ER+ endocrine-resistant disease and comparable to recent studies. Final PK/PD/PG analyses will be reported. (Funding from Roche and Susan G. Komen for the Cure.).

title: A phase II pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic (PK/PG) study using fixed-dose XXXX in @entity0 ( @entity0 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'GI/skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Clear cell @entity420 (CCAU) is extremely rare and a number of clinicians may be unfamiliar with its diagnosis and biological behaviour. Aims. To review the literature on CCAU. Methods. Various internet databases were used. Results/Literature Review. (i) CCAU occurs in adults and in @entity1 in the great majority of cases. (ii) It has a particular association with @entity6369 , which has been present in 56% of the @entity1 ; is indistinguishable from clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract but is not associated with @entity46 ; and probably does not arise by malignant transformation of @entity652 . (iii) It is usually, readily distinguished from @entity652 because of greater cytological a-typicality and mitotic activity and does not stain for prostate-specific antigen or prostatic acid phosphatase. (iv) It has been treated by anterior exenteration in @entity1 and cystoprostatectomy in @entity1 and at times by radiotherapy; chemotherapy has rarely been given. (v) CCAU is aggressive with low 5-year survival rates. (vi) There is no consensus opinion of treatment options that would improve the prognosis. Conclusions. Few cases of CCAU have been reported. Urologists, gynaecologists, pathologists, and oncologists should report cases of CCAU they encounter and enter them into a multicentric trial to determine the best treatment options that would improve the prognosis.

title: Clear Cell XXXX : Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the urethra']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The correlation between facial and/or @entity10 in @entity1 clinically suspected of having @entity1244 and actual localized findings on sinus computed tomographic (CT) imaging are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the relationship of paranasal @entity158 symptoms with CT imaging. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 referred by otolaryngologists and internists for CT of the paranasal sinuses participated by completing a questionnaire immediately before undergoing CT. Three radiologists blinded to the @entity1 ' responses scored the degree of air/fluid level, mucosal thickening, bony reaction, and mucus retention cysts using a graded scale of severity (0 to 3 points). The osteomeatal complexes and nasolacrimal ducts were also evaluated for patency. Bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between @entity1 ' localized symptoms and CT findings in the respective sinus. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three @entity1 (82%) reported having some form of @entity158 or @entity10 . The right temple/forehead was the most frequently reported region of maximal @entity158 . On CT imaging the maxillary sinus was the most frequently involved sinus. Bivariate analysis failed to show any relationship between @entity1 symptoms and findings on CT. @entity1 with a normal CT reported a mean 5.88 sites of facial or @entity10 versus 5.45 sites for @entity1 with an abnormal CT. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -based responses of sinonasal @entity158 symptoms fail to correlate with findings in the respective sinuses. CT should therefore be reserved for delineating the anatomy and degree of @entity50 before surgical intervention.

title: Correlation between presumed @entity1244 -induced XXXX and paranasal sinus computed tomographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus pain', 'facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['head pain', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus disease']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: We investigated the effect of CT truncation in whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging of large @entity1 , and we evaluated the efficacy of an extended field-of-view (eFOV) correction technique. METHODS: Two uniform phantoms simulating a "torso" and an "arms-up" setup were filled with @entity419 /water. A third, nonuniform "body phantom was prepared with hot and @entity75 . All 3 phantoms were positioned in the center of the PET/CT gantry with >or=10% of their volume extending beyond the maximum CT FOV. An eFOV algorithm was used to estimate complete CT projections from nonlinear extrapolation of the truncated projections. CT-based attenuation correction (CT AC) of the phantom data was performed using CT images reconstructed from truncated and extended projections. For clinical validation, we processed truncated datasets from 10 PET/CT @entity1 with and without eFOV correction. RESULTS: When using truncated CT images for CT AC, PET tracer distribution was suppressed outside the transverse CT FOV in phantom and @entity1 studies. PET activity concentration in the truncated regions was only 10%-32% of the true value but increased to 84%-100% when using the extended CT images for CT AC. At the same time, the contour of phantoms and @entity1 was recovered to the anatomically correct shape from the uncorrected emission images, and the apparent distortion of lesions near the maximum CT FOV was reduced. CONCLUSION: Truncation artifacts in WB PET/CT led to visual and quantitative distortions of the CT and attenuation-corrected PET images in the area of truncation. These artifacts can be corrected to improve the accuracy of PET/CT for diagnosis and therapy response evaluation.

title: Whole-body XXXX PET/CT in the presence of truncation artifacts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cold lesions']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: Combined use of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 has proven to have synergistic effects in many experimental systems and clinical studies. UFT, an oral preparation of @entity5537 and tegafur in a 4:1 molar ratio, was reported to have enhanced activity as compared with @entity1487 or tegafur alone against various @entity1 @entity5 . Based on those results, we conducted a pilot study to confirm the feasibility and antitumor effect of UFT in combination with @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). UFT was orally administered at a dose of 400 mg/m2 according to a protocol for step-wise prolongation of the administration period, such as days 1-14 in step I, days 1-21 in step II, days 1-28 in step III. During to course, @entity900 was administered at a fixed dose of 20 mg/m2/day on days 8 through 12. The course was repeated every 4 weeks. Numbers of @entity1 enrolled in steps I, II, III were six, ten and six (a total of 22), respectively. There were three females and 19 males, PS scored 0/1/2 = 7/14/1, stage IIIA/IIIB/ @entity19 /8/11. @entity1544 / @entity152 = 11/7/4, and median age 68 (range 52-79). All 22 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 , and 21 for efficacy. Compliance of UFT declined as the administration period of UFT was prolonged. In step I, one @entity1 had grade 3 @entity137 of each @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity390 / @entity391 and @entity294 . In step II, grade 3, 4 @entity1398 was seen in four @entity1 , grade 3 @entity882 and @entity448 in one @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 in four @entity1 . In step III, there was grade 3 @entity1398 in two @entity1 and grade 3 @entity448 in one @entity1 . All other @entity137 were mild. The overall response rate was 38% (one CR and 7 PR, 95% C.I.: 21-59%). Combination therapy with oral UFT and 5-day infusion of @entity900 is feasible with substantial antitumor effect against advanced @entity1149 . Since UFT compliance decreased in step III (no @entity1 in step III received > 2 courses of treatment), we considered the step II schedule to be worth for further evaluation in a combination phase II study.

title: Pilot study of UFT combined with 5 consecutive days XXXX in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A method of collecting hypophyseal portal blood (HPB) in conscious @entity1707 was used to show the relationship between GRF and @entity1943 ( @entity8003 ) concentration and peripheral GH response. Six male castrate @entity1707 (approximately 63 kg body weight) had @entity1503 collected individually for an average of 175 min each. Twenty-seven spontaneous GH pulses were detected in the 1050 min of total HPB collection. Of the associations examined, the only significant finding was that GH pulse maxima occurred nonrandomly within periods of @entity8003 descent (63%; P = 0.005). Although 48% (13/27) of GH pulse maxima were associated with an ascent in portal GRF concentration, these associations were not determined to be nonrandom (P = 0.14). Only 7 of 27 (26%) GH pulse maxima were associated with an ascent in portal GRF concentration and a descent in @entity8003 concentration occurring simultaneously. A saline infusion given approximately 120 min after beginning blood collection resulted in an increase in @entity8003 pulse frequency and a decrease in GH-AUC and GRF-AUC. The cause of this saline effect is unknown, but it may have been related to acclimation of the @entity1707 to the blood collection procedure. These data show the complexity of the relationship between @entity8003 and GRF concentrations and GH secretion and may indicate a close relationship with @entity8003 in GH pulse generation in the @entity1707 . In addition, these data support the hypothesis that, in the @entity1707 , mediation of GH release cannot be explained simply by antagonism between GRF and @entity8003 .

title: Hypophyseal-portal concentrations of growth hormone-releasing factor and @entity1943 in conscious XXXX : relationship to production of spontaneous growth hormone pulses.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['HPB and jugular blood']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity421 is the most common primary @entity79 and @entity1 often develop pulmonary metastases. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity421 , there is a great need to develop a clinically relevant animal model. Here we report the development of an @entity421 animal model using three related @entity1 @entity421 lines, the parental TE-85 and two derivative lines @entity2482 / @entity5187 and 143B. In vitro characterization demonstrated that the 143B line had the greatest cell migration and the least cell adhesion activities among the three lines. The 143B line also exhibited the greatest ability for anchorage independent growth. When GFP-tagged @entity421 cells were injected into the proximal tibia of athymic @entity19 , we found that 143B cells were highly tumorigenic and metastatic, and @entity2482 / @entity5187 cells were tumorigenic but significantly less metastatic. TE85 cells were neither tumorigenic nor metastatic. The number of pulmonary metastases was found 50-fold higher in 143B injected animals than that in @entity2482 / @entity5187 injected @entity19 . No pulmonary metastases were detected in TE85 injected animals for up to 8 weeks. Primary @entity5 formed by @entity2482 / @entity5187 and 143B cells could be visualized by whole body fluorescence imaging, while the pulmonary metastases were visualized on the necropsied samples. The GFP tagged 143B cells (and to a lesser extent, @entity2482 / @entity5187 cells) were readily recovered from lung metastases. This clinically relevant model of @entity1 @entity421 provides varying degrees of @entity5 growth at the primary site and metastatic potential. Thus, this orthotopic model should be a valuable tool to investigate factors that promote or inhibit @entity851 and/or @entity3 .

title: An orthotopic model of XXXX @entity851 and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of @entity6 , @entity101 and related behavioural and biological risk factors in adults in Barbados by gender, education and occupation. DESIGN: Multistage probability sampling was used to select a representative sample of the adult population (>= 25   years). @entity1 were interviewed using standard questionnaires, underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and provided fasting blood for @entity413 and @entity165 measurements. Standard WHO definitions were used. Data were weighted for sampling and non-response, and were age and sex standardised to the 2010 Barbados population. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and prevalence ratios were calculated for behavioural and biological risk factors by demographic and socioeconomic group. RESULTS: Study response rate was 55.0%, with 764 @entity1 , 470 @entity1 . Prevalence of @entity28 was 33.8% (95% CI 30.7% to 37.1%); @entity101 40.6% (95% CI 36.5% to 44.9%); and @entity6 18.7% (95% CI 16.2% to 21.4%). Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 were less likely to be @entity28 (prevalence ratio 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), or physically inactive (0.5; 0.4 to 0.6), but more likely to smoke @entity286 (4.1; 2.5 to 6.7) and consume large amounts of @entity285 in a single episode (4.6; 2.7 to 7.6). Both @entity6 (0.83; 0.65 to 1.05) and @entity101 (0.89; 0.79 to 1.02) were lower in @entity1 , but not significantly so. In @entity1 , higher educational level was related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, more physical activity, less @entity6 and less hypercholesterolaemia (p 0.01-0.04). In @entity1 , higher education was related only to less smoking (p 0.04). Differences by occupation were limited to smoking in @entity1 and hypercholesterolaemia in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this developing country population, sex appears to be a much stronger determinant of behavioural risk factors, as well as @entity28 and its related risks, than education or occupation. These findings have implications for meeting the commitments made in the 2011 Rio Political Declaration, to eliminate health inequities.

title: Social distribution of @entity6 , XXXX and related risk factors in Barbados: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) is widely recommended as a way to support @entity1 in making healthcare choices. Due to an ageing population, the number of older @entity1 will increase. Existing models for @entity5516 are not sufficient for this @entity1 group, due to their multi-morbidity, the lack of guidelines and evidence applicable to the numerous combinations of diseases. The aim of this study was to gain consensus on a model for @entity5516 in frail older @entity1 with multiple morbidities. METHODS: We used a three-round Delphi study to reach consensus on a model for @entity5516 in older @entity1 with multiple morbidities. The expert panel consisted of 16 @entity1 (round 1), and 59 professionals (rounds 1-3). In round 1, the @entity5516 model was introduced, rounds 2 and 3 were used to validate the importance and feasibility of the @entity5516 model. RESULTS: Consensus for the proposed @entity5516 model as a whole was achieved for both importance (91% panel agreement) and feasibility (76% panel agreement). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5516 in older @entity1 with multiple morbidities is a dynamic process. It requires a continuous counselling dialogue between professional and @entity1 or proxy decision maker. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The developed model for @entity5516 in clinical practice may help professionals to apply @entity5516 in the complex situation of the care for older @entity1 .

title: Expert and XXXX consensus on a dynamic model for shared decision-making in frail older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['Shared decision-making', 'SDM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate active inflammatory lesions (AIL) and structural changes (SC) in @entity1 with active non-radiographic @entity1691 (nr-axSpA) compared with @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) on whole-body MRI (wb-MRI). METHOD: 75 @entity1 with active disease and a symptom duration of <5 years (39 with @entity1691 and 36 with nr-axSpA) were investigated with a comprehensive wb-MRI protocol and scored for AIL and SC in the spine, sacroiliac joints (SIJs) and non-axial manifestations. RESULTS: 92% of @entity1 with @entity1691 showed active @entity32 in the SIJ, 53% in the spine and 94% and 39%, respectively, in the nr-axSpA group. There was a non-significant trend towards more @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity1691 compared with @entity1 with nr-axSpA in SIJs and spine. @entity1897 / @entity4421 was more common in @entity1 with @entity1691 (n=22) than in those with nr-axSpA (n=12) (p=0.05). SC were more common in @entity1 with @entity1691 than in those with nr-axSpA, with significantly higher scores for SIJ @entity236 ( @entity236 ) in @entity1 with @entity1691 (4.8  3.2) compared with those with nr-axSpA (2.4  2.7; p=0.001) and more frequent bone proliferation in the spine and the SIJ (p=0.02 and p=0.005, respectively). SIJ erosions were more common in @entity1691 (score 4.2  2.3) than in nr-axSpA (score 3.8  1.8) @entity1 (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Wb-MRI detects active @entity32 and SC more frequently in the SIJs than in the spine. Half of the @entity1 showed @entity32 in non-axial sites. Active inflammatory and structural lesions were present both in @entity1 with @entity1691 and those with nr-axSpA, being only slightly more common in @entity1 with @entity1691 .

title: Active @entity32 and structural change in early active XXXX as detected by whole-body MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'fatty bone marrow deposition']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hip arthroscopy has continued to expand its horizons in treating many conditions other than femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, the results of @entity572 arthroscopy are known to be poor if the degree of articular cartilage damage is significant. We wanted to assess, whether the procedure might have a role in the management of young and active @entity1 with advanced @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and whether it should be offered as a treatment modality. 77 consecutive @entity1 with T  nnis grade 2 and 3 @entity571 of the @entity572 who had undergone @entity572 arthroscopy were included in the study. @entity1 ' medical notes, plain radiographs and outcome scores (modified Harris @entity572 score (mHHS), non-arthritic @entity572 score (NAHS)) preoperatively and postoperatively at six weeks, six months, one year and annually thereafter, were analysed. 77 @entity1 consisted of 63 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with mean follow-up of 2.8 years (2.2 to 4.2) and mean age at surgery of 43 years (19 to 64). The mean preoperative mHHS and NAHS scores were 58 (28 to 87) and 64 (27 to 93) respectively. The mean improvements in both the mHHS and NAHS scores were significant (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001 for mHHS at one and two years, p = 0.002 and p = 0.0003 for NAHS at one and two years, respectively). There were 34 @entity1 (44%) who required a total @entity572 replacement at mean of 18 months (6 to 48) after @entity572 arthroscopy. We conclude that @entity572 arthroscopy improves outcome scores in 56% of @entity1 with severe @entity571 of the @entity572 (T  nnis grade 2 and 3) for at least two years after surgery. We thus consider the procedure to be a reasonable option for @entity1 with @entity570 , although success of the procedure will be less than if undertaken for certain other conditions.

title: Outcome of Arthroscopy in @entity1 with Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis of the Hip']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Dynamic flat panel detectors (FPD) permit acquisition of distortion-free radiographs with a large field of view and high image quality. The present study was performed to evaluate pulmonary function using breathing chest radiography with a dynamic FPD. We report primary results of a clinical study and computer algorithm for quantifying and visualizing relative local pulmonary airflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic chest radiographs of 18 subjects (1 @entity2415 , 2 @entity565 , 4 @entity401 , 1 pulmonary nodule, and 10 normal controls) were obtained during respiration using an FPD system. We measured respiratory changes in distance from the lung apex to the diaphragm (DLD) and pixel values in each lung area. Subsequently, the interframe differences (D-frame) and difference values between maximum inspiratory and expiratory phases (D-max) were calculated. D-max in each lung represents relative vital capacity (VC) and regional D-frames represent pulmonary airflow in each local area. D-frames were superimposed on dynamic chest radiographs in the form of color display (fusion images). The results obtained using our methods were compared with findings on computed tomography (CT) images and pulmonary functional test (PFT), which were examined before inclusion in the study. RESULTS: In normal subjects, the D-frames were distributed symmetrically in both lungs throughout all respiratory phases. However, subjects with @entity358 showed D-frame distribution patterns that differed from the normal pattern. In subjects with air trapping, there were some areas with D-frames near zero indicated as colorless areas on fusion images. These areas also corresponded to the areas showing air trapping on computed tomography images. In @entity565 , obstructive abnormality was indicated by areas continuously showing D-frame near zero in the upper lung. @entity1 with @entity401 commonly showed fusion images with an uneven color distribution accompanied by increased D-frames in the area identified as normal on computed tomography images. Furthermore, measurement of DLD was very effective for evaluating diaphragmatic kinetics. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rapid and simple method for evaluation of respiratory kinetics for @entity358 , which can reveal abnormalities in diaphragmatic kinetics and regional lung ventilation. Furthermore, quantification and visualization of respiratory kinetics is useful as an aid in interpreting dynamic chest radiographs.

title: Evaluation of pulmonary function using breathing chest radiography with a dynamic flat panel detector: primary results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary diseases']


abstract: This article focuses on prognostic factors after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). A variety of prognostic models has been developed to predict @entity1 ' outcome after surgery for @entity1358 . The populations which these models have been based on, however, mainly consisted of @entity1 undergoing radical nephrectomy, whereas NSS represented only a minority. On the other hand, NSS is increasingly gaining acceptance for unilateral small renal masses and a normal contralateral kidney (elective NSS). Meanwhile many large series reporting favourable outcomes after elective NSS have been published. Purely elective NSS series constantly fail to demonstrate prognostic factors due to the rarity of @entity5 relapse. In other series including larger proportions of imperative NSS @entity5 recurrence has been reported more frequently, thus prognostic capabilities of established prognostic factors for @entity1358 like TNM-stage, @entity5 grade, @entity5 size, symptoms, histological subtypes, or @entity39 could be shown. One additional prognostic parameter specific for NSS not applicable in a nephrectomy setting is imperative indication for NSS, which is associated with poorer prognosis than elective NSS. In contrast, positive surgical margins after NSS uniformly revealed no unfavourable impact. Laparoscopic NSS is increasingly performed at selected centres. Long-term outcome data are still very limited, longer follow-up is needed to conclude whether the laparoscopic approach by itself impacts on prognosis. At present, it is still unclear whether the published prognostic models are reliably applicable for the NSS population. Thus, validation of these models in large multi-institutional databases is encouraged.

title: Predicting XXXX -control outcomes in @entity1 after nephron sparing surgery.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8142 agonists ( @entity6757 -ra) are a relatively new class of anti- @entity1602 drugs which may positively affect bone metabolism and thereby decrease (osteoporotic) @entity174 risk. Data on the effect of @entity6757 -ra on @entity174 risk are scarce and limited to clinical trial data only. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a population-based cohort, the association between the use of @entity6757 -ra and @entity174 risk. We conducted a population-based cohort study, with the use of data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database (2007-2012). The study population (N  =  216,816) consisted of all individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with at least one prescription for a non-insulin anti- @entity6 drug and were over 18  years of age. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of @entity174 in @entity6757 -ra users versus never- @entity6757 -ra users. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, sex, lifestyle, comorbidity and the use of other drugs. There was no decreased risk of @entity174 with current use of @entity6757 -ra compared to never- @entity6757 -ra use (adjusted HR 0.99, 95  % CI 0.82-1.19). @entity3604 risk was also not decreased by current @entity6757 -ra use (adjusted HR 0.97; 95  % CI 0.72-1.32). In addition, stratification according to cumulative dose did not show a @entity174 risk with increasing cumulative @entity6757 -ra dose. We showed in a population-based cohort study that @entity6757 -ra use is not associated with a @entity174 risk compared to users of other anti- @entity1602 drugs. Future research is needed to elucidate the potential working mechanisms of @entity6757 -ra on bone.

title: Bone Fracture Risk is Not Associated with the Use of XXXX Agonists: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fracture', 'decreased bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity8142 :: (2740,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is a potentially @entity16839 with a high incidence of vascular @entity715 . There are little data on the efficacy of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) in this setting. This study reports on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity882 , treated with NOAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 22 @entity1 with @entity882 who were treated by our group with a combination of NOAC and a short course of @entity20806 . These @entity1 were evaluated in a prospective fashion for development of outcomes at a mean follow up of 19  3months. RESULTS: There were a total of 5 deep and 2 superficial vein thromboses diagnosed at index hospitalization. No @entity1 developed arterial @entity715 . All @entity1 tolerated NOAC and their platelet count normalized before discharge. At 19months of follow-up, 6 @entity1 had died of non-thrombotic causes. There was no @entity548 , limb loss or recurrent @entity1211 in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity882 , a short course of parenteral treatment with @entity20806 followed by administration of a @entity15796 is highly safe and effective in prevention of @entity715 and normalization of platelet count. Development of @entity882 however, portends a poor prognosis independent of vascular @entity715 .

title: New Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Heparin- Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'Heparin induced thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['argatroban']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory, pro-thrombotic and structural factors contribute to the etiology of @entity453 . This study sought to determine the relationship of plasma @entity2232 (pET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, mitogen and modulator of @entity299 , to clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity453 @entity1 . METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 336 @entity1 with underlying @entity662 or recent @entity583 ( @entity583 ), prior to coronary catheterization. pET-1 was correlated with clinical characteristics and outcomes following catheterization and at 30-day follow-up. RESULTS: pET-1 was higher in recent @entity583 @entity1 than in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity1563 >= 50%) or without @entity453 (<50%) (Mean  sem (pg/ml): 2.12  0.13, 1.51  0.10, 1.21  0.06; 95% confidence interval (1.85-2.38, 1.31-1.72, 1.07-1.32; respectively, P<.0001). @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) had higher pET-1 than non- @entity583 (P=.008). pET-1 was associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and low @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and was highest in @entity583 @entity1 presented with acute @entity712 . At 30-day follow up, pET-1 was not associated with the change in @entity1002 . In multivariate analysis, pET-1 was positively associated with age, smoking, @entity712 , @entity453 status, and need for revascularization by coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). pET-1 was negatively correlated with @entity1002 and preoperative statin use. CONCLUSIONS: pET-1 is associated with recent @entity583 , @entity712 , age, smoking, CABG, and low @entity1002 . Preoperative statin use was associated with lower pET-1. pET-1 may serve as a risk marker and a potential therapeutic target in @entity453 @entity1 .

title: The significance of circulating XXXX as a predictor of @entity453 status and clinical outcomes following coronary artery catheterization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac inflammation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure sexual function and quality of life (QOL) after @entity5 treatment. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies on @entity5 treatment have focused on males and have not used validated instruments. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing curative @entity5 surgery from 1980 to 2003 were administered a questionnaire, including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) or International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the EORTC QLQ-C30/CR-38. Multiple logistic regression was used to test associations of clinical factors with outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-one @entity1 (81.0%) and 99 @entity1 (80.5%) returned the questionnaire; 32% of @entity1 and 50% of @entity1 are sexually active, compared with 61% and 91% preoperatively (P < 0.04); 29% of @entity1 and 45% of @entity1 reported that "surgery made their sexual lives worse." Mean (SD) FSFI and IIEF scores were 17.5 (11.9) and 29.3 (22.8). Specific @entity458 in @entity1 were libido 41%, arousal 29%, lubrication 56%, orgasm 35%, and @entity546 46%, and in @entity1 libido 47%, @entity323 32%, partial @entity323 52%, orgasm 41%, and ejaculation 43%. Both genders reported a negative body image. @entity1 seldom remembered discussing sexual risks preoperatively and seldom were treated for dysfunction. Current age (P < 0.001), surgical procedure (P = 0.003), and preoperative sexual activity (P = 0.001) were independently associated with current sexual activity. Gender (male, P = 0.014), surgical procedure (P = 0.005), and radiation therapy (P = 0.0001) were independently associated with the outcome "surgery made sexual life worse." Global QOL scores were high. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual problems after surgery for @entity5 are common, multifactorial, inadequately discussed, and untreated. Therefore, @entity250 should be discussed with @entity5 @entity1 , and efforts to prevent and treat it should be increased.

title: Prevalence of male and female XXXX is high following surgery for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sexual function after rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual problems']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: We used @entity19 to test our hypothesis that in response to viral invasion, stem cells may migrate into the heart and attenuate the effect of @entity2401 . Male BALB/c @entity19 were divided into three groups: @entity19 embryonic stem (ES) cell control, @entity9258 ), and @entity9258 + ES cells. After administration of ES cells via tail vein, @entity19 were immediately inoculated with @entity9258 . @entity19 were sacrificed at different days after @entity9258 inoculation. Mortality was recorded. Inflammatory cell infiltration and @entity39 (major pathological changes of @entity2401 ) were evaluated by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. ES cell migration and differentiation were identified by immunofluorescence. The survival rate in the @entity9258 + ES cell group (80%) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) over the @entity9258 -alone group (64%). Also, the incidence of @entity32 and @entity296 was lower in the @entity9258 + ES cell @entity19 . Furthermore, the result of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and @entity8859 analysis indicated that ES cells migrated into the heart and differentiated into myocytes after virus inoculation. In conclusion, ES cells significantly increased the survival of @entity2401 @entity19 and also decreased the @entity39 and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These results demonstrated the ability of stem cells to mitigate the effects of @entity1800 on the heart and illustrated their potential therapeutic application to other @entity1 species, including @entity1 .

title: Embryonic stem cells attenuate @entity2401 in XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9258 :: ('12104', 'Species') :: ['EMCV', 'encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to meet the caregiving challenges, informal caregivers often need a substantial level of interaction with health care professionals (HCPs). This study investigated to which extent the @entity5 caregivers' needs regarding the interaction with HCPs are met and the associations between dissatisfaction with the interaction and socio-demographic and disease-related variables. METHODS: In a cross-sectional questionnaire study, @entity5 @entity1 with various diagnoses and disease stages were invited to pass on the ' @entity5 caregiving tasks, consequences and needs questionnaire' (CaTCoN) to up to three of their caregivers. RESULTS: A total of 590 caregivers (related to 415 (55  %) of 752 eligible @entity1 ) participated. Although many caregivers were satisfied, considerable proportions experienced problems or had unmet needs regarding the interaction with HCPs. Prominent problematic aspects included optimal involvement of the caregivers in the @entity1 ' disease, treatment and/or care (30  % were dissatisfied), attention to the caregivers' wellbeing (e.g., 51  % of the caregivers reported that HCPs only sometimes or rarely/never had shown interest in how the caregivers had been feeling), and provision of enough information to the caregivers (e.g. 39  % were dissatisfied with the amount of time spent on informing caregivers). The @entity1 ' adult @entity1 and siblings, younger caregivers and caregivers to younger @entity1 tended to report the highest levels of interaction problems and unmet needs. CONCLUSIONS: The caregivers' dissatisfaction with the interaction with HCPs was pronounced. More focus on and involvement of the caregivers, in a way that matches the caregivers' needs, is still warranted.

title: The interaction between informal XXXX caregivers and health care professionals: a survey of caregivers' experiences of problems and unmet needs.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine polymorphism of repeated sequences (CA)(n) in the @entity470 gene. The study group included 197 @entity0 @entity1 and 180 healthy @entity1 . DNA was isolated from fresh-frozen @entity5 tissue and from peripheral blood. @entity470 (CA)(n) microsatellite polymorphism was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A polymorphic simple sequence repeat region of 9-23 CA repeats was detected in both groups. Homozygotes comprised 22% and 34% of @entity0 @entity1 and controls, respectively (P=0.009). An @entity74 ( @entity74 ), mostly in the shorter allele, was found in 27% of @entity0 @entity1 . @entity74 occurrence was associated with the lack of @entity2931 receptors in @entity5 cells (P=0.05); otherwise, there were no correlations between histoclinical features and (CA)(n) microsatellite polymorphism of @entity470 . It was concluded that an @entity74 is a common feature in @entity0 @entity1 and may coincide with the lack of @entity2931 receptors in @entity5 cells. The clinical relevance of @entity470 -1 microsatellite polymorphism in @entity0 remains to be established.

title: (CA)n microsatellite polymorphism of XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance', 'AI']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ERBB-1']


abstract: Metastases from @entity189 of unknown primary site (CUP) in serous effusion are a common clinical problem. Immunocytochemistry was applied as an adjunct to the cytological diagnosis of @entity189 in serous effusions. Subjects of this study were 118 pleural, 53 peritoneal, and 9 pericardial effusions from 180 @entity1 routinely investigated in the Institute of Cytopathology. Specimens were primarily stained according to Papanicolaou (Pap). The avidin- @entity1885 -complex method (ABC) was secondarily applied for the visualization of immunologic reactions. We have used a panel of six monoclonal antibodies ( @entity57612 , @entity2225 , @entity10224 , @entity10922 , and @entity6628 ) so as to identify the primary @entity5 site of @entity189 cells in serous effusions. Applying an algorithm of immunocytochemical marker constellations, we were able to correctly diagnose primary @entity5 sites in 86 of 101 (85.1%) @entity1 with @entity189 . The best result was achieved for the identification of metastatic @entity43 (94.7%) and the lungs (88.1%). We established an algorithm comprising six immunocytochemical markers that enabled a correct diagnosis of primary @entity5 sites in 85.1%. The panel studied could be useful in diagnostic routine for the identification of primary @entity5 of unknown origin metastatic to the serous membranes.

title: Immunocytochemical identification of XXXX of unknown primary in serous effusions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the ovaries']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP syndromes', 'carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: @entity1635 , lateral curvature of the spine, has been studied since Hippocrates' time, but remains a disputed subject in orthopaedic surgery, because of its several varieties, unknown cause and unpredictable course. A review of 30 years' experience in a paediatric orthopaedic unit was undertaken to clarify the problem. @entity1 records, collected prospectively, were examined to demonstrate the incidence, prevalence, extent, course and outcome of the commonest variety, @entity1615 . Reference was made to the results of previously published studies. Records from a school screening programme showed that, while slight degrees of spinal curvature were widely prevalent in the community, these were of no clinical significance and major @entity85 was rare: only 8 in 10,000 adolescent @entity1 had Cobb angles of 40 degrees or more and only half of these underwent surgical correction. Evidence to support non-operative treatment could not be demonstrated and it did not reduce the incidence of surgical intervention. Because the course of @entity1635 did not seem to correspond with much published work, or with current hypotheses of aetiology, a rethinking of the whole subject is advocated. An alternative model of pathogenesis deriving from developmental biology was proposed. While advances in surgical methods have been significant, the core problems of aetiology and natural history remain. Until they are resolved, all conclusions on management must be provisional. This is where innovative thinking needs to be directed.

title: XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic deformity']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Scoliosis']


abstract: Functional and cosmetic ophthalmic complications of @entity2743 are exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and @entity132 . This paper describes and takes over the surgical procedures used when these complications are associated. In severe exophthalmos, we used an orbital decompression of the orbital floor sometimes combined with the medial wall by an anterior approach. In eyelid retraction, we perform a recession of the levator muscle with scleral graft implantation. In incomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the inferior rectus and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected muscles. The indications depend on the status of the @entity1 at the time of referral. For severe exophthalmos with true retraction of the upper eyelid, we begin at the first stage by treatment of the retraction and if it is not sufficient, we perform an orbital decompression at the second stage. For severe exophthalmos with @entity132 , we perform at the first stage the orbital decompression and at the second stage the strabismus surgery. For @entity132 with eyelid retraction, we perform the strabismus surgery at the first stage and the eyelid retraction at the second stage. When there is the association of exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and @entity132 , the indication and the choice of treatment are difficult and depend on numerous factors. If an orbital decompression is indicated, it will be done first, followed by the strabismus surgery and at a later stage, the eyelid retraction. If only the eyelid retraction is treated, it will be done after the strabismus surgery. The chronology of the treatment depends on the modification we observed on the other components of the @entity6875 when one stage treatment is performed on one component: for example orbital decompression can modify the oculomotor disturbance and oculomotor surgery can modify eyelid retraction.

title: [Surgical treatment of the sequelae of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Basedow's ophthalmopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity2445 ( @entity2445 ) in @entity195 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, multiple crossover trial with three treatment periods, each consisting of 3 weeks of active drug therapy and 3 weeks of placebo administration. SETTING: Referral-based geriatric practice in a community hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity195 . Subjects were included if they had stage 3 to 6 disease (as determined by the Reisberg scale) and had not been taking psychotropic drugs for at least 1 month and if informed consent had been obtained from the @entity1 and their next of kin. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty to 100 mg of @entity2445 daily and matched placebo. RESULTS: Of the initial 34 @entity1 14 experienced liver @entity137 and 3 gastrointestinal side effects during the study; however, all 22 who completed the study were able to tolerate at least the minimum dose. For the 22 @entity1 there was no clinically or statistically significant effect of @entity2445 on cognition, functional status or behaviour. The results for individual @entity1 showed no subgroup of @entity2445 -responsive @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2445 has no clinically important benefits in @entity195 and is associated with appreciable toxic effects.

title: Effect of XXXX on cognition, function and behaviour in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydroaminoacridine', 'THA']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2445 :: (MESH:D013619,Chemical) :: ['tetrahydroaminoacridine']


abstract: Oligodendrocytes express opioid receptors throughout development, but the role of the opioid system in myelination remains poorly understood. This is a significant problem as opioid use and abuse continue to increase in two particular populations: pregnant addicts (in whom drug effects could target early myelination in the fetus and newborn) and adolescents and young adults (in whom late myelination of 'higher-order' regions takes place). Maintenance treatments for opioid addicts include the long-lasting opioids @entity284 and @entity4783 . Similar to our previous findings on the effects of @entity4783 , we have now found that early myelination in the developing @entity35 brain is also altered by perinatal exposure to therapeutic doses of @entity284 . Pups exposed to this drug exhibited elevated brain levels of the 4 major splicing variants of @entity8382 , myelin proteolipid protein, and @entity8381 . Consistent with the enrichment and function of these proteins in mature myelin, analysis of the corpus callosum in these young animals also indicated an elevated number of axons with already highly compacted myelin sheaths. Moreover, studies in cultured cells showed that @entity284 exerts direct effects at specific stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage, stimulating the proliferation of progenitor cells while on the other hand accelerating the maturation of the more differentiated but still immature preoligodendrocytes. While the long-term effects of these observations remain unknown, accelerated or increased oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination could both disrupt the complex sequence of synchronized events leading to normal connectivity in the developing brain. Together with our previous observations on the effects of @entity4783 , the present findings further underscore a crucial function of the endogenous opioid system in the control of oligodendrocyte development and the timing of myelination. Interference with these regulatory systems by opioid use or maintenance treatments could disrupt the normal process of brain maturation at critical stages of myelin formation.

title: The opioid system and brain development: effects of XXXX on the oligodendrocyte lineage and the early stages of myelination.

entities_list: @entity8381 :: ('24558(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography and post-mortem studies of the number of somatodendritic @entity750 (1A) ( @entity750 (1A)) autoreceptors in raph   nuclei have found both increases and decreases in @entity308 . However, recent genetic studies suggest they may be increased in number and/or function. The current study examined the effect of @entity5633 on the electroencephalographic (EEG) centroid frequency, a putative index of somatodendritic @entity750 (1A) receptor functional status, in a cohort of medication-free @entity308 @entity1 and controls. METHOD: A total of 15 @entity308 @entity1 (nine male) and intelligence quotient (IQ)-, gender- and age-matched healthy controls had resting EEG recorded from 29 scalp electrodes prior to and 30, 60 and 90 min after oral @entity5633 (30 mg) administration. The effect of @entity5633 on somatodendritic @entity750 (1A) receptors was assessed by calculating the EEG centroid frequency between 6 and 10.5 Hz. The effect of @entity5633 on postsynaptic @entity750 (1A) receptors was assessed by measuring plasma @entity2124 , prolactin and @entity701 concentrations. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed a significantly greater effect of @entity5633 on the EEG centroid frequency in @entity1 compared with controls (F1,28 = 6.55, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the neuroendocrine responses between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with an increase in the functional status of somatodendritic, but not postsynaptic, @entity1873 autoreceptors, in medication-free @entity308 @entity1 in line with hypotheses based on genetic data. This increase in functional status would be hypothesized to lead to an increase in serotonergic negative feedback, and hence decreased release of @entity750 at raph   projection sites, in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A ( @entity1873 ) autoreceptor function in major @entity308 as assessed using the shift in electroencephalographic frequency spectrum with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity5633 :: (MESH:D002065,Chemical) :: ['buspirone']


abstract: Serum potassium concentrations rise with dietary potassium intake between dialysis sessions and are often at hyperkalemic levels by the next session. Conversely, potassium concentrations fall during each hemodialysis, and sometimes reach hypokalemic levels by the end. Low potassium dialysate, which rapidly decreases serum potassium and often brings it to hypokalemic levels, is almost universally considered a risk factor for life-threatening @entity943 . While there is little doubt about the threat of @entity943 due to @entity4144 , convincing evidence for the danger of low potassium dialysate and rapid or excess potassium removal has not been forthcoming. The original report of more frequent @entity1540 in early dialysis that was improved by reducing potassium removal has received very little confirmation from subsequent studies. Furthermore, the occurrence of @entity1540 during dialysis does not appear to predict mortality. Studies relating sudden @entity204 to low potassium dialysate are countered by studies with more thorough adjustment for markers of poor health. Dialysate potassium concentrations affect the excursions of serum potassium levels above or below the normal range, and have the potential to influence dialysis safety. Controlled studies of different dialysate potassium concentration and their effect on mortality and cardiac arrests have not been done. Until these results become available, I propose interim guidelines for the setting of dialysate potassium levels that may better balance risks and benefits.

title: Low dialysate potassium concentration: an overrated risk factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'lethal arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']


abstract: A downward trend in the incidence of acquired @entity2462 in England and Wales was reversed in 1993 when there were local outbreaks. These affected young adult males in particular, especially those living in college residences. Some spread to local antenatal populations occurred. Twenty-five confirmed infections were reported in pregnant @entity1 , most of whom were young and in their first pregnancy; this compares with totals of 12 and two in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Reports of @entity13526 have not risen since the 1993 outbreaks. Diagnosis lags behind birth, however, and further evaluation may be needed. Notifications of 14 @entity1 , including one set of triplets, born with @entity281 since the beginning of 1991 have been received. Nine of the 12 mothers were immigrants, and three of these acquired their infection abroad. Data on antibody prevalence have revealed a large pool of susceptible males aged 10 to 25 years, which indicates that outbreaks in males would continue for some years if no action were taken. The national measles and @entity2462 vaccination campaign in schools this month should abolish the difference in susceptibility between @entity1 and @entity1 up to 16 years of age and hasten progress towards the interruption of @entity2462 transmission in the United Kingdom. Susceptibility in @entity1 aged 13 to 14 years rose to 5.8% in 1993 from an average of 3.6% between 1986 and 1992. This suggests that the vaccination of schoolgirls has recently declined, but this component of the selective @entity2462 vaccination programme will be discontinued after the measles and @entity2462 campaign.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX surveillance to June 1994: third joint report from the PHLS and the National @entity13526 Surveillance Programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenital infection']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['Rubella']


abstract: To determine the utility of 4.1 French (F) catheters in diagnosing @entity453 , 50 @entity1 were randomized to 4.1F Multipurpose or Judkins catheters utilizing the percutaneous right brachial approach. The randomized 4.1F tip shape catheter completed the procedure in 40% of the @entity1 , and overall the 4.1F catheters completed the catheterization in 72% of the cases. With excessive or prolonged manipulation, the catheters were noted to kink and soften and required replacement for a catheter of similar or larger size. In 28% of the cases, larger F sizes (5F and 6F) were used to complete the procedure. There was 1 (2%) procedural complication. The total procedural success (accounting for all F sizes) without clinical complication was 98%. There was no difference between the 4.1F Judkins or Multipurpose catheter shapes for coronary arteriography by either qualitative or quantitative angiographic analysis. Left ventricular opacification was improved with the 4.1F Pigtail vs. the 4.1 Multipurpose by qualitative angiographic analysis. When the 4.1F angiograms were compared by quantitative angiography in blinded, but not randomized fashion to angiograms performed with 6F Judkins catheters, there was improved opacification of the @entity3980 and diastolic frame of the left ventriculogram with the larger catheter. This difference was not noted with qualitative angiography. This study indicates that 4.1F catheters can be utilized from the right brachial approach for the diagnosis of @entity453 , thus avoiding the need for supine bedrest associated with routine femoral artery catheterization while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.

title: A prospective randomized study of 4.1 French catheters utilizing the percutaneous right brachial approach for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most common and aggressive @entity11 with the poorest survival. Use of biomarkers for screening @entity1 with @entity463 may be used to modify treatments and improve outcomes. The level of @entity1 telomerase ( @entity2215 ) expression is an independent predictor of outcome of many @entity5 , and a functional variant of @entity2215 MNS16A (shorter tandem repeats or short [S] allele) is associated with increased @entity2215 mRNA expression. We investigated whether @entity2215 MNS16A variant genotype predicted survival in @entity463 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We genotyped @entity2215 MNS16A in 299 @entity463 @entity1 using polymerase chain reaction and determined @entity2215 genotype by classifying the DNA band of 243 or 272 base pairs (bp) as S allele and 302 or 333 bp as long (L) allele. We compared overall survival using Kaplan-Meier estimates and equality of survival distributions using the log-rank test, and we computed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the effects of selected variables. RESULTS: Overall survival differed significantly by @entity2215 MNS16A genotype, with median survivals of 25.1, 14.7, and 14.6 months for the SS, SL, and LL genotypes, respectively. Compared with the SS genotype, the hazard ratios for the SL and LL genotypes were 1.69 and 1.87, respectively, after adjustment for other factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed an independent statistically significant association between the @entity2215 MNS16A variant genotype and outcome. CONCLUSION: A functional @entity2215 MNS16A genotype is a potential biomarker for assessment of survival outcome of @entity463 . Larger studies are needed to verify these findings.

title: Survival prediction in @entity1 with XXXX multiforme by @entity1 telomerase genetic variation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Survivin has recently been identified as a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family. The product of this gene not only suppresses apoptosis but also controls cell division. Survivin is undetectable in most terminally differentiated normal tissues but is expressed in embryonic and fetal organs and is present in most @entity5 . @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV) are thought to play an important role in the development of @entity5 . By interfering in the cell cycle, the viral oncoproteins (E6 and E7) can induce the immortalization of the host cell. The transcriptional effects of the @entity1799 E6 and E7 proteins on the survivin promoter in transiently transfected cell lines using luciferase tests were examined. @entity1799 E6, but not E7, was found to significantly transactivate the survivin promoter. Experiments performed in different @entity5 cell lines and with different E6 mutants indicated that the effect of E6 on the survivin promoter is largely dependent on @entity876 status. In accordance with this, the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor protein downregulated the expression of survivin. As E6 is able to interact with @entity876 and induces its ubiquitin-dependent degradation, it appears that the transactivation effect of E6 on survivin is mediated by the @entity876 degradation pathway. Transduction of @entity1799 E6 and E7 into @entity1 embryonic fibroblast cells showed that the HPV oncoproteins can upregulate endogenous survivin mRNA. Importantly, cell cycle synchronization experiments showed that the effect of @entity1799 E6 on survivin transcription is independent of the cell cycle.

title: Effects of XXXX oncoproteins on survivin gene expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus type 16']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1082 ) is a necessary cause for @entity5 . HPV vaccines covering genotypes 16 and 18 for the prevention of @entity5 are or will be available soon (status: May 2007). Vaccination against HPV in order to reduce the burden of @entity5 is recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) for female adolescents aged 12-17 years in Germany. The study aims to evaluate the achievable long-term impact of HPV vaccination on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) incidence and mortality in Germany, a country with an opportunistic Pap screening program and suboptimal participation. METHODS: The authors developed a decision-analytic discrete-event model and used Monte Carlo simulation to assess the impact of vaccination on @entity3 incidence and life expectancy of a cohort of 399,400 10-year-old @entity1 . @entity1799 and HPV-18 account for 73.5% of @entity5 . In the model, a 100% vaccination rate between 10 and 25 years, and a vaccine efficacy of 95.1% were assumed. RESULTS: Without vaccination, 4,563 @entity3 cases occur in the cohort (cumulative lifetime incidence: 1.14%), 1,376 @entity1 will die from @entity3 (fatality: 30.2%). Vaccination at age 10 can reduce incidence and mortality by 70% resulting in a gain of 17,819 life-years. 416 @entity1 have to be vaccinated to prevent one death from @entity3 . Delaying vaccination to @entity1 aged 25 years still leads to a 50% reduction of deaths. CONCLUSION: Despite cytological screening, a @entity5 remains in Germany. Vaccination in early adolescence can drastically reduce the disease burden. Vaccination of adult @entity1 still offers significant benefits. Therefore, HPV vaccination should be added to existing @entity5 prevention strategies.

title: [Impact of vaccination against oncogenic XXXX on the incidence and mortality of @entity5 in Germany].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'high disease burden of cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity1642 of the tarsal navicular, first described in 1970, were initially thought to be rare injuries. Heightened awareness and increased participation in athletics has resulted in more frequent diagnosis and more aggressive treatment. The vascular supply of the tarsal navicular results in a relatively avascular zone in the central one-third, which experiences severe compressive forces during explosive manoeuvers such as jumping and sprinting. Repetitive activities can result in stress reactions or even @entity174 . @entity1 often initially complain of vague @entity158 localized to the medial border of the foot. The @entity158 is usually exacerbated by activity and relieved with rest. The diagnosis of tarsal navicular stress @entity174 is challenging because of the high false negative rate of plain radiographs. Additional diagnostic testing with bone scan, CT and MRI are often required for diagnosis. The proper treatment of @entity1642 has become a topic of debate as surgical intervention for these injuries has increased. In a recent meta-analysis, Torg et al. found that 96% of @entity1642 treated with non-weight-bearing (NWB) conservative treatment for 5 weeks went on to successful outcomes. However, only 44% of @entity1 treated with weight-bearing (WB) conservative treatment had successful outcomes. Surgical treatment resulted in successful outcome in 82% of @entity1 . Interestingly, the meta-analysis also found that @entity174 type did not correlate with outcomes, regardless of treatment. The meta-analysis also found no difference in time to return to activity between @entity1 treated surgically and those who underwent NWB conservative treatment. The recent literature indicates that @entity1 are undergoing surgery or are receiving WB conservative management as a first-line treatment option with the expectation that they will return to their activity more quickly. Although surgical treatment seems increasingly common, the results statistically demonstrate an inferior trend to conservative NWB management. Conservative NWB management is the standard of care for initial treatment of both @entity1642 of the tarsal navicular. WB conservative treatment and surgical intervention are not recommended.

title: The non-surgical and surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['midfoot pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal navicular stress fractures', 'Stress fractures', 'partial and complete stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['tarsal navicular stress fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of biocompatibility of hemodialysis membranes on mortality in @entity810 ( @entity810 ) has been a subject of intense debate, with some, but not all studies reporting a lower risk of @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity810 dialyzed with @entity231 ( @entity231 ) compared to bioincompatible membranes (BICM). OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis of group data extracted from previously published studies of controlled clinical trials to assess the impact of @entity231 on the mortality among @entity1 with @entity810 who required @entity400 ( @entity400 ). METHODS: @entity231 and BICM were defined as synthetic and cellulose-derived membranes ( @entity8608 and cellulose @entity598 ), respectively. All controlled clinical trials comparing the effect of @entity231 to BICM on clinical outcomes in the setting of @entity810 were included. Original articles as well as abstracts were included. Data in Tables, Figures, and text were independently extracted by 2 of the authors. Risk ratios (RR) for mortality were combined using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Seven studies with a total of 722 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. One hundred seventy-two (45%) of 384 @entity1 died in the @entity231 group, compared with 156 (46%) of 338 @entity1 in the BICM group. The RRs for mortality ranged from 0.56-1.28. Overall, the pooled RR for mortality was 0.92 (95% CI = 0.76-1.13) in favor of the @entity231 group. However, the test for heterogeneity in RR among studies was significant (chi2 = 8.6, p < 0.05). One study accounted for this significance, and once removed from the model, the RR for mortality was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.79-1.12), and the test for heterogeneity among studies lost its significance. Subgroup analyses comparing @entity231 to @entity8608 membranes revealed that the RR for mortality was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.62 - 1.08) in favor of the @entity231 group, whereas in the subgroup of studies comparing @entity231 to cellulose @entity598 , the RR for mortality was 1.11 (95% CI = 0.87-1.44) in favor of the @entity231 group. CONCLUSION: This metaanalysis demonstrates that the use of @entity231 does not significantly affect mortality among @entity1 with @entity810 who require @entity400 . However, subgroup analyses suggest that cellulose @entity598 membranes may offer a survival advantage when compared with synthetic membranes, which, in turn, may be more beneficial than @entity8608 membranes. Available evidence does not permit a recommendation for or against the use of @entity231 in @entity810 . Large trials and pooled analyses of individual @entity1 -level data will be required to assess sources of variability among studies and non-fatal outcomes of @entity810 .

title: Effect of biocompatibility of hemodialysis membranes on mortality in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['BCM', 'biocompatible membranes']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent hemodialysis', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity8608 :: ('MESH:C009865', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprophan']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: Although @entity3 represents one of the most powerful prognostic indicators in @entity14 ( @entity14 ), marked heterogeneity exists within stage III @entity1 . Lymph node ratio (LNR) may offer more precise prognostication in stage III @entity14 . The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic impact of LNR on survival in stage III @entity14 @entity1 . We retrospectively reviewed the data of 288 consecutive @entity1 who underwent radical resection for stage III @entity14 between January 2000 and December 2008 in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Peking University @entity1 's Hospital. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to LNR quartiles: LNR   <   0.167 (n   =   72), 0.167    <=   LNR   <   0.562 (n   =   140), and LNR   >=    0.562 (n   =   76). The association between @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 11 variables including age, gender, @entity5 location, size, grade, histology, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage, number of metastatic LNs, and LNR was analyzed by multivariate analysis. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. Both LNR and the number of metastatic LNs were significant prognostic factors for 5-year @entity66 and @entity1349 in stage III @entity14 @entity1 . LNR was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year @entity1349 . LNR remained an independent prognostic factor in @entity1 with fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined. LNR was a potent independent prognostic predictor for @entity1349 and @entity66 in stage III @entity14 @entity1 , especially for @entity1 with fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined.

title: Lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic indicator in XXXX : especially for fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['nodal invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage III colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in novel markers of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 stratified according to @entity410 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 28 @entity1 (mean age 57 +/- 6 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were free from overt @entity65 were placed into low @entity410 (LCF) or @entity410 ( @entity410 ) groups based on a graded exercise test to exhaustion. A group of eight @entity1 without @entity164 2 @entity6 were also examined and served as healthy control subjects. The median VO(2peak) value was used as a cutoff for group determination. We assessed both conventional @entity65 risk factors, including blood pressure, BMI, and lipid profile, as well as novel @entity65 risk factors, such as left ventricular filling dynamics, arterial stiffness, fasting insulin, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). RESULTS: VO(2peak) values were 69 +/- 14 and 91 +/- 24% of predicted values for sedentary age-matched healthy individuals in the LCF and @entity410 groups, respectively. BMI was significantly greater in the LCF group (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed in age, lipid profile, or resting hemodynamics. @entity1851 was 3.3-fold higher in the LCF group (6.3 +/- 41. vs. 1.9 +/- 1.7 mg/l, P < 0.05), whereas other novel markers of @entity65 were not significantly different between the groups. Significant negative relationships were observed between VO(2peak) and both @entity1851 (r = -0.49) and the homeostasis model assessment index (r = -0.48) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel finding of this investigation is that low @entity410 is associated with elevated @entity1851 and reduced fasting @entity413 control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Low XXXX is associated with elevated @entity1851 levels in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['average cardiorespiratory fitness', 'ACF', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: PURPOSE: The mainstay of pharmacologic therapy in @entity1 with @entity6017 is corticosteroids. However, because @entity1 sometimes become refractory to these drugs and because these drugs have potential short- and long-term @entity137 , alternate therapy is highly desirable. Therefore, a pilot study was initiated using high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) in the treatment of @entity6017 . @entity1 AND METHODS: IVGG was administered to five @entity1 with @entity8817 . Prior to IVGG treatment, all @entity1 had persistent @entity425 despite daily corticosteroids and three @entity1 had developed unacceptable @entity134 @entity137 . Two of the @entity1 had previously developed @entity137 while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS: IVGG therapy resulted in improved muscle strength and ameliorated @entity1910 in all @entity1 . The percentage increase in muscle strength as measured by sphygmomanometry following the 9-month course of IVGG ranged from 56% to 606% in the proximal lower extremities and from 30% to 186% in the proximal upper extremities. Following IVGG therapy, @entity229 could be discontinued or the dose reduced in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IVGG may allow @entity134 sparing in @entity6017 and may provide a safe alternative to cytotoxic therapy.

title: Treatment of XXXX with intravenous gammaglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 in the elderly (>=  55 years) accounts for a significant proportion of admissions to @entity130 centers. Our understanding of the epidemiology and outcomes associated with @entity2982 in this age segment of the population, however, is severely limited. The aim of the present study therefore was to investigate the incidence and type of injuries sustained by elderly @entity1 from firearms and the impact of age on outcomes. METHODS: This was a 5-year National @entity130 Databank (NTDB) study. Injury demographics, mortality rates, and lengths of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the hospital were analyzed. Elderly @entity1 >=  55 years old were assigned to one of three categorical strata: 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and >=  75 years old. RESULTS: During the study period, 98,242 @entity1 were admitted for firearm-related injuries, and 3,190 (3.2%) of them were >=  55 years old. Within the elderly age segment of the population, 1,676 @entity1 (52.5%) were 55-64 years of age, 727 (22.8%) were 65-74 years of age, and 787 (24.7%) were >=  75 years old. The incidence of severe @entity130 [Injury Severity Score (ISS) >=  16] in the elderly age strata was 43.3, 46.8, and 57.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). @entity1 >=  75 years old were significantly more likely than @entity1 55-74 years old to suffer self-inflicted injuries. The most commonly encountered injury in elderly @entity1 was gunshot wounds to the head, which increased in a stepwise fashion with advancing age (25.8, 31.6, and 39.4% respectively; p < 0.001). The crude mortality rate in all @entity1 sustaining gunshot wounds increased progressively with age. Within the elderly age segment, mortality ranged from 28.5% in the age stratum 55-64 years, to 55.4% in the stratum >=  75 years (adjusted p < 0.001). Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay increased with advancing age but peaked and remained stable among the elderly age groups. An admission Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS)  <= 8, an ISS >=  16, @entity551 on admission, age, self-inflicted @entity130 sustained by assault were factors independently associated with @entity204 in @entity1 >=  55 years. CONCLUSIONS: Injury from firearms is not uncommon in the elderly @entity1 population and is primarily a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the head. These @entity1 sustain a high @entity130 and a high rate of mortality, which increases with advancing age.

title: @entity130 in the elderly: patterns and outcomes. A national XXXX databank analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, and injury', 'burden of injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']