abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1316 is a common comorbid condition of @entity1315 before and after @entity410 surgery. Few studies have examined @entity1316 in @entity1 undergoing resections outside the temporal lobe (extratemporal resections). This study aimed to compare the early, postoperative evolution of @entity1316 in @entity1315 @entity1 to examine the effect of site of surgical resection on mood outcome. METHODS: The study used a longitudinal design and was qualitative in nature. Sixty @entity410 surgery @entity1 (43 temporal resections, 17 extratemporal resections) were assessed before surgery and at discharge, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, by using the Austin CEP Interview. Psychosocial adjustment, @entity146 , including @entity308 and @entity148 , and @entity410 frequency were assessed. RESULTS: Before surgery, both temporal and extratemporal @entity1 had significant @entity146 histories with similarly high rates of @entity308 (33 and 53%, respectively) and @entity148 (23 and 18%, respectively). After surgery, significantly more temporal @entity1 were @entity410 free at each of the reviews compared with extratemporal @entity1 . Temporal @entity1 also reported significantly higher levels of @entity308 (26%), @entity148 (42%), and psychosocial adjustment difficulties (64%) at the 1-month review than did extratemporal @entity1 . @entity1316 was significantly associated with adjustment difficulties in both groups, but was not related to @entity410 outcome at any review period. CONCLUSIONS: A general increase in @entity1316 was evident after surgery, particularly in temporal resection @entity1 at the 1-month review. Site of surgery and psychosocial adjustment showed significant associations with postoperative @entity1316 , supporting the role of both neurobiological and psychosocial factors in mood outcome.

title: @entity1316 before and after XXXX surgery: a comparison of temporal and extratemporal resections.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric difficulties', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance', 'Mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23191 is a third-generation beta-blocker used to treat @entity101 . The vasodilation properties of @entity23191 have been attributed to @entity842 (NO) release. However, the kinetics and mechanism of @entity23191 -stimulated bioavailable NO are not fully understood. METHODS: Using amperometric NO and @entity6710 ( @entity29101   ) nanosensors, b   -receptor (agonist: L-755,507; antagonists: SR59230A and L-748,337), @entity855 efflux (the mechanosensitive @entity855 channel blocker, @entity2287 ) and P2Y-receptor (agonists: @entity855 and @entity20483 ; antagonist: @entity5747 ) modulators, @entity224 dismutase and a @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor ( @entity34391 ), we evaluated the kinetics and balance of NO and @entity29101    stimulated by @entity23191 in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). NO and @entity29101    were measured with nanosensors (diameter   ~   300 nm) placed 5        2  m from the cell membrane and @entity855 levels were determined with a bioluminescent method. The kinetics and balance of @entity23191 -stimulated NO and @entity29101    were compared with those of @entity855 , @entity20483 , and L-755,507. RESULTS: @entity23191 stimulates endothelial NO release through b   -receptor and @entity855 -dependent, P2Y-receptor activation with relatively slow kinetics (75        5 nM/s) as compared to the kinetics of @entity855 (194        10 nM/s), L-755,507 (108        6 nM/s), and @entity20483 (105        5 nM/s). The balance between cytoprotective NO and cytotoxic @entity29101 - was expressed as the ratio of [NO]/[ @entity29101   ] concentrations. This ratio for @entity23191 was 1.80        0.10 and significantly higher than that for @entity855 (0.80        0.08), @entity34392 (1.08        0.08), and @entity20483 (1.09        0.09). @entity23191 induced @entity855 release in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The two major pathways ( @entity855 efflux/P2Y receptors and b    receptors) and several steps of @entity23191 -induced NO and @entity29101    stimulation are mainly responsible for the slow kinetics of NO release and low @entity29101   . The net effect of this slow kinetics of NO is reflected by a favorable high ratio of [NO]/[ @entity29101   ] which may explain the beneficial effects of @entity23191 in the treatment of @entity409 , @entity101 , @entity712 , and angiogenesis.

title: The favorable kinetics and balance of @entity23191 -stimulated @entity842 and @entity6710 release in XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity23191 :: ('MESH:C052753', 'Chemical') :: ['Nebivolol', 'nebivolol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Some @entity1 who survive intensive care unit (ICU) treatment report psychological sequelae during recovery. This study examined factors associated with psychological outcomes of former ICU @entity1 up to 6 months after hospital discharge. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 195) were adult survivors of ICU enrolled in a multicenter trial of physical rehabilitation after hospital discharge. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the @entity308 , @entity148 and Stress Scales were completed, and sleep rated on a five-point scale at weeks 1, 8 and 26; clinical and demographic data were obtained from @entity1 records. RESULTS: @entity1 were 41% females with mean    standard deviation (SD) age of 57    16 years and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of 19    7; median lengths of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were 89 h and 6 days, respectively. Impaired mental health, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress and @entity458 significantly improved after week 1. Female gender, younger age and sleeping problems were associated with impaired psychological outcomes on bivariate analyses. Age; gender; week 1 @entity148 , @entity308 and stress; week 26 sleeping; and rehabilitation study group were entered into multiple linear regression analyses for week 26 IES and SF-36 @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) outcomes. IES scores were associated (p < 0.05) with gender, week 1 stress and week 26 sleep but not study group; @entity1032 scores were associated (p < 0.05) with week 1 stress and week 26 sleep but not study group. CONCLUSION: Female gender, early levels of increased stress and problems sleeping are associated with worse psychological recovery for survivors of @entity3124 .

title: Sleep and other factors associated with mental health and XXXX after intensive care for @entity3124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Component Summary', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: In this study, a novel application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed to detect language activation map patterns. These activation patterns were obtained by processing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies on both control and @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) @entity1 as they performed an auditory word definition task. Most group statistical analyses of fMRI datasets look for "commonality" under the assumption of the homogeneity of the sample. However, inter-subject variance may be expected to increase in large "normal" or otherwise heterogeneous @entity1 groups. In such cases, certain different patterns may share a common feature, comprising of small categorical sub-groups otherwise hidden within the main pooling statistical procedure. These variant patterns may be of importance both in normal and @entity1 groups. fMRI atypical-language patterns can be separated by qualitative visual inspection or by means of @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) based on region of interest. @entity5251 is a coefficient related to the asymmetry of distribution of activated voxels with respect to the midline and it lacks specific spatial and graphical information. We describe a mathematical and computational method for the automatic discrimination of variant spatial patterns of fMRI activation in a mixed population of control subjects and @entity1625 @entity1 . Unique in this study is the provision of a data-driven mechanism to automatically extract brain activation patterns from a heterogeneous population. This method will lead to automatic self-clustering of the datasets provided by different institutions often with different acquisition parameters.

title: fMRI activation pattern recognition: A novel application of PCA in language network of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['localization related epilepsy', 'LRE']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['Laterality Indices', 'LI']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['localization related epilepsy']


abstract: We have established a new simultaneous positive/negative selection procedure using the Baxter Isolex 300i system. We tested its @entity5 cell (TC) purging efficacy by @entity5 contamination tests ex vivo and its safety in a group of 17 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 by measuring @entity1583 recovery after @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) therapy and autologous stem cell rescue with the selected cells. Tumor contamination tests resulted in a TC depletion of 4.1-6.0 log steps. The @entity2280 + cell yield in this experimental setting was 38.9-91.5%, and the @entity2280 + cell purity was 86.0-96.0%. In a group of 17 @entity0 @entity1 (5 high-risk adjuvant, > or = 10 lymph nodes positive, and 12 metastatic), we processed leukapheresis products (LPs) by simultaneous positive/negative selection. In these clinical samples, the mean @entity2280 + cell yield was 56.2% (range, 14.0-80.1%), and the @entity2280 + cell purity was 94.5% (range, 69.0-99.8%). Additionally, we screened samples of the @entity1 ' LPs before and after the purging procedure for contaminating TC by immunocytochemistry. In 15 of 17 tested cases, TCs were detectable prior to the purging procedure. After the procedure, we could not detect residual TCs in 16 of 17 cases. In one case, we found a highly reduced number of TCs. Furthermore, we evaluated the times for @entity1583 reconstitution in a group of five @entity0 @entity1 in the high-risk adjuvant situation who underwent @entity2101 chemotherapy and @entity1583 rescue with positive/negative selected stem cells and compared it with our own data from 10 @entity0 @entity1 who, after identical @entity2101 therapy, received only positively selected @entity2280 + cells and 14 @entity1 who, after identical @entity2101 therapy, received autografts purged by incubation with toxic ether lipids (ET-18-OCH3). In all groups, a leukocyte count of >2000 cells/microl was reached at day +10. A platelet count of > 50,000 cells/microl was reached at day +12 in the @entity34158 group and at day +14 in the other two groups. Furthermore, 12 @entity1 with @entity3 rescued with positive/negative selected stem cells after @entity2101 therapy also showed fast and comparable @entity1583 recovery. The new simultaneous immunomagnetic positive/negative selection using a closed system is effective and safe. Processing LPs leads to a similar @entity2280 + cell yield, a higher TC depletion compared to standard @entity2280 + cell selection, and no delay in @entity1583 recovery.

title: Efficacy and safety of simultaneous immunomagnetic @entity2280 + cell selection and XXXX cell purging in peripheral blood progenitor cell samples used for @entity1583 rescue after @entity2101 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity201 is a rare @entity5 with a rather poor prognosis, and thus remains a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. The sole potentionally curative treatment is the complete resection of the @entity5 . A negative surgical margin is one of the most important factors in achieving prolonged survival. A preoperative evaluation of the @entity5 is important for the evaluation of resectability and the extent of surgery. Unfortunately, only a small number of @entity1 with @entity201 is indicated for the radical procedure. Liver transplantation is not a standard method in the treatment of the @entity6984 and it is reserved only for carefully selected @entity1 in a few transplant centres. The main aim of the palliative treatment is biliary drainage, reduction of the @entity158 and @entity111 and overall improvement of the quality of life. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the important parts of the complex therapy, however, no definite regimen has been established to date. Further evidence is needed to define the role of liver transplantation and (neo)adjuvant new therapeutic modalities. Key words: @entity201 - radical surgery - palliative treatment - liver transplantation - (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy - radiotherapy.

title: [ @entity201 ( XXXX ) - current treatment options].

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'Hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumor']

answer: @entity6984 :: (MESH:D018285,Disease) :: ['Klatskin tumor']


abstract: @entity375 boulardii is a probiotic used for the prevention of antibiotic-associated @entity294 . We aimed to investigate whether S. boulardii could alter the effects of @entity4581 ( @entity13357 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on oro-caecal intestinal transit and oxidative damage in @entity35 . @entity35 were divided into two groups receiving a single dose of @entity1500 (20 mg/kg) or @entity13357 (20 mg/kg per d) for 1 week. Groups were treated with either saline or S. boulardii (500 mg/kg) twice per d throughout the experiment. The control group was administered only saline. Following decapitation, intestinal transit and @entity32 markers of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity1234 and myeloperoxidase were measured in intestinal and hepatic tissues. @entity13357 and @entity1500 increased intestinal transit, while S. boulardii treatment slowed down @entity13357 -facilitated transit back to control level. Both @entity1500 and @entity13357 increased lipid peroxidation while depleting the antioxidant @entity2197 content in the hepatic and ileal tissues. Conversely, lipid peroxidation was depressed and @entity2197 levels were increased in the ileal and hepatic tissues of S. boulardii-treated @entity35 . Increased ileal neutrophil infiltration due to @entity1500 and @entity13357 treatments was also reduced by S. boulardii treatment. Histological analysis supported that S. boulardii protected intestinal tissues against the inflammatory effects of both agents. These findings suggest that S. boulardii ameliorates intestinal injury and the accompanying hepatic @entity32 by supporting the antioxidant state of the tissues and by inhibiting the recruitment of neutrophils. Moreover, a preventive effect on @entity1500 induced @entity137 is a novel finding of S. boulardii, proposing it as an adjunct to chemotherapy regimens.

title: @entity375 boulardii ameliorates @entity4581 - and XXXX -induced intestinal and hepatic injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Infantile cortical @entity4916 , also known as @entity33619 or @entity33619 , is an uncommon clinico-pathological lesion of unknown etiology and uncertain histogenesis. One of the most striking features is the early age of @entity1 at the onset of the disease, showing swelling of the soft tissues overlaying bones, hyperirritability, and, subsequently, periosteal new bone production. The natural history of the disease proves to be self-limiting. Multiple areas are involved in the majority of cases. These polyostic forms are easily clinically diagnosed. But in rare monostic presentations, especially manifestations in the scapular region, there may be a great suspicion of a @entity5 . Histologically, such lesion may also be misdiagnosed as a @entity5 because of the great variety of microscopic appearances. This study was conducted into 5 cases (biopsies from one male and four female @entity1 , 6 weeks to 4 months of age) to characterize the histological variability in the natural course of the disease. Electron microscopical investigations were additionally performed on two cases. Histologically, the process corresponds to typical ossifying @entity1048 . Three phases can be distinguished according to the main histological characteristics: 1. Acute inflammatory and proliferating phase; 2. Osteogenic phase; 3. Phase of remodelling. The first phase is characterized by a loss of periost, areas showing proliferation of fibroblast-like cells, and by @entity4 of surrounding musculature. Infiltration by leucocytes was occasionally observed and was accompanied by micro-abscesses. The osteogenic phase was characterized by formation of woven bone. Ultrastructurally proliferations of osteogenic mesenchyma were found and resulted in typical mineralization patterns with matrix vesicles and interfibrillar depositions of @entity692 crystals. Calcification of mitochondria was also detected. Viruses could not be observed. Only thread-like structures were found in the nuclei. At first interpretation, they appeared to be pathological protein depositions. However, further investigations will be necessary to elucidate their genesis. The pathogenesis is discussed. Biopsy still remains indicated in cases of an unclear course of monostic disease.

title: [Infantile cortical @entity4916 ( XXXX ). Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity33619 :: ('MESH:D006958', 'Disease') :: ["Caffey's disease", 'Caffey-Silverman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

answer: @entity33619 :: (MESH:D006958,Disease) :: ['Caffey-Silverman syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity322 ( @entity322 ) have associated functional @entity1142 (FC) and @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ). The physiology between lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectum in @entity1 has not been elucidated. AIMS: Observe the effect of @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ) on LUT function, and @entity1494 and voiding on anorectal function. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity409 referred to Boston @entity1 's Hospital were prospectively enrolled in combined urodynamic (UDS) and anorectal manometry (ARM). Anorectal and urodynamic parameters were simultaneously measured. @entity1 underwent two micturition cycles, first with @entity661 and second with it inflated ( @entity5584 ). Lower urinary tract and anorectal parameters were compared between cycles. KEY RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (seven @entity322 , four recurrent UTIs, nine FC    @entity1241 ) were enrolled. Postvoid residual (PVR) increased (p = 0.02) with @entity5584 . No differences were observed in percent of @entity1494 to expected bladder capacity, sensation, and bladder compliance with and without @entity5584 . Bladder and abdominal pressures increased at voiding with @entity5584 (p < 0.05). Intra-anal pressures decreased at voiding (p < 0.05), at 25% (p = 0.03) and 50% (p = 0.06) of total volume of @entity1494 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: The PVR volume increased with @entity5584 . Stool in the rectum does not alter filling cystometric capacity but decreases the bladder's ability to empty predisposing @entity1 with fecal retention to @entity322 and UTIs. Bladder and abdominal pressures increased during voiding, demonstrating a physiological correlate of @entity409 . Intra-anal pressures decreased during @entity1494 and voiding. This is the first time intra-anal relaxation during @entity1494 and voiding has been described.

title: Simultaneous urodynamic and anorectal manometry studies in XXXX : insights into the relationship between the lower gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'rectal distention']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['rectal balloon deflated']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Objective: To assess the diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in @entity1 with a variety of radiographic findings suspected of @entity5 . Material and methods: The study group was composed of all @entity1 who underwent bronchoscopy in our hospital over a seven year period (1986-1993) where cytologic samples were obtained. Schematic drawings of endobronchial and radiographic findings done at the time of bronchoscopy were reviewed and the results of cytologic and histologic samples were compared for sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. Results: Bronchoscopy and cytologic sampling was performed on 189 @entity1 . Tissue samples were obtained in 109 @entity1 from visible @entity854 or peripheral lesions using the transbronchial approach with fluoroscopic guidance. A total of 64 @entity5 were diagnosed, 43 by bronchoscopy (67%). Among 58 @entity1 who had primary @entity5 of the lung, @entity420 was the most frequent histologic type (50%) followed by @entity957 (22%) and @entity4153 (17%). The diagnostic sensitivity of cytology was 30% whereas that of tissue biopsy was 70% among those @entity1 where both tests were obtained. The two methods complemented each other to give a joint sensitivity of 76%. Among 13 @entity1 with @entity5 and normal endobronchial appearance, transbronchial biopsy was performed in 10 of which seven were diagnostic. @entity1 with primary @entity5 who underwent surgery had a five year survival of 37% while the overall five year survival was 15.5%. Conclusions: In this study histology was much more sensitive than cytology as a sampling technique during bronchoscopy (p< 0.01). @entity420 has become the most frequent histologic type of primary @entity358 in Iceland and overall survival among @entity1 with @entity5 compares with recent international trends.

title: [Bronchoscopic diagnosis of XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung malignancy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung malignancies']


abstract: A total of 150 @entity1 with in situ @entity0 were treated from 1970 through 1976, with a median follow-up of 11.5 years. There were 42 @entity1 with microinvasion and 25 with bilateral disease, analyzed separately. Eight @entity1 who became unavailable for follow-up within five years (but who had no evidence of disease [NED]) were excluded. Eighty-five @entity1 had @entity513 in situ, 43 had @entity1137 in situ, and 22 had a mixed type. Modified radical mastectomy was done in 112 cases. One of 128 @entity1 had positive axillary nodes; axillary dissection is not indicated for in situ @entity0 . Of the 150 @entity1 , one with ductal disease died of disease. Six died of other causes, free of disease. Of 18 treated by excision alone, two underwent mastectomy for recurrence and had NED. @entity1 with microinvasion had involved nodes in 10%, and 94% had NED. However, all bilateral cases had NED.

title: XXXX in situ.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency and safety of @entity2780 for cardioversion of persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) during radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 (16 males) with persistent @entity955 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 underwent circumferential pulmonary vein ablation guided by a Carto three-dimensional mapping system. In addition, linear ablation at the top of the left atrium and the isthmus of mitral valves and complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CAFE) ablation were performed. All @entity1 were still in either @entity955 or @entity956 after ablation, the @entity1 were treated with 1 mg intravenous @entity2780 injection within 10 minutes after unsuccessful ablation. Intravenous injection was stopped in case of sinus rhythm (SR) restoration or occurrence of severe adverse reactions such as @entity1165 . Cardioversion rate within 30 min and adverse reactions within 4 h were observed. @entity1 were divided into either conversion group or non-conversion group according to whether @entity955 was converted to sinus rhythm within 30 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (61.11%) converted to SR after @entity2780 injection. There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, left atrium and left ventricular function between conversion group and non-conversion groups. The average conversion time was (13.80    7.64) min, left atrium scar area ratio was significantly larger in non-conversion group (12.40    11.03)% than in conversion group (5.12    3.83)%, P < 0.05. @entity2780 significantly prolonged the average wavelength of the @entity955 wave (171.8    29.5) ms vs. (242.0    40.0) ms at baseline, P < 0.01. The QT interval at 30 min after @entity2780 injection (0.39    0.21) s was significantly longer than before injection (0.51    0.08) s, P < 0.05. There was no serious @entity943 or other adverse reactions post @entity2780 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2780 is highly effective and safe agent for cardioversion in @entity1 underwent unsuccessful ablation. Left atrium scar area ratio is an important determinant for the conversion rate in this cohort.

title: [Efficacy of XXXX for cardioversion of persistent @entity955 during radiofrequency ablation].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2780 :: ('MESH:C067192', 'Chemical') :: ['ibutilide', 'Ibutilide']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2780 :: (MESH:C067192,Chemical) :: ['ibutilide']


abstract: @entity2440 is a Group-I bio-carcinogen, associated with @entity201 ( @entity201 ). The hamster is the only experimental model of @entity31645 -mediated @entity201 , but we oblige another animal model. The present study intended to develop a @entity31645 (Cs) mediated @entity201 model using C3H/He @entity19 , co-stimulated with @entity1232 ( @entity8576 ) and @entity36184 (DC). The @entity19 were divided into 8 groups with different combinations of Cs, @entity8576 , and DC. Six months later the @entity19 were sacrificed and subjected to gross and histopathological examination. The body weights were significantly reduced among the groups treated with 2 or more agents (eg. Cs+ @entity8576 , Cs+DC, @entity8576 +DC, and Cs+ @entity8576 +DC). In contrast, liver weight percentages to body weight were increased in above groups by 4.1% to 4.7%. A Change of the spleen weight was observed only in Cs+ @entity8576 group. Though @entity31645 infection is evident from hyperplastic changes, only 1 worm was recovered. T wo @entity19 , 1 from Cs and the other from Cs+DC group, showed mass forming lesions; 1 (281.2 mm(3)) from the Cs group was a hepatocellular @entity652 and the other (280.6 mm(3)) from the Cs+DC group was a @entity3928 ( @entity9429 ). Higher prevalence of gray-white nodules was observed in Cs group (42.9%) followed by Cs+ @entity8576 +DC group (21.4%). The @entity19 of the Cs+ @entity8576 +DC group showed hyper-proliferation of the bile duct with fibrotic changes. No characteristic change for @entity201 was recognized in any of the groups. In conclusion, C3H/He @entity19 produce no @entity201 but extensive @entity82 when they are challenged by Cs, @entity8576 , and DC together.

title: C3H/He @entity19 as an Incompatible XXXX Model by @entity2440 , @entity36184 and @entity1232 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

entities_list: @entity36184 :: ('MESH:C121718', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyclanil']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodimethyl-amine']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Both local (Klintrup criteria) and systemic (Glasgow Prognostic Score, mGPS) inflammatory responses have been reported to be independent predictors of @entity5 -specific survival in @entity14 . However, high-grade local inflammatory response appears more common in rectal and high mGPS more common in @entity694 . Whether relationships with survival are similar in @entity694 is unclear. The present study assesses the prognostic value of local and systemic @entity32 in @entity694 and defines 3-year survival according to @entity32 -based criteria for @entity5 . METHODS: Two hundred forty colon and 140 @entity5 @entity1 underwent potentially curative surgery between 1997 and 2007. @entity1851 and albumin (mGPS) were measured preoperatively. Routine pathology specimens were scored according to Klintrup criteria for peritumoral infiltrate. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity694 were older (P < 0.05) and had higher T stage (P < 0.001) and mGPS (P < or = 0.001) compared with @entity5 . The proportions of @entity1 with a high-grade @entity5 inflammatory cell infiltrate were similar in @entity694 . mGPS and Klintrup criteria were independent predictors of @entity5 survival. The mGPS hazard ratios were 1.56 and 1.76 for the mGPS, and the Klintrup hazard ratios were 2.12 and 5.74 for colon and rectum, respectively. For stages II and III @entity14 , 3-year survival was 91% and 73%, respectively. Three-year survival varied between 100% and 68% depending on Klintrup score/ mGPS in stage II disease and between 97% and 60% in @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Local and systemic inflammatory responses are important independent predictors of survival in @entity694 . These scores combined with @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage improve the prediction of survival in these @entity1 .

title: The relationship between the local and systemic inflammatory responses and survival in @entity1 undergoing curative surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II/III disease', 'stage III disease', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers', 'colon and rectal tumors', 'colonic tumors', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectal cancers']


abstract: The results of treatment of 199 @entity1 referred to the Royal Marsden Hospital with @entity4797 from 1963 to 1975 are described. Of 190 previously untreated @entity1 16 (8.4%) have died of @entity4797 , 3 (1.5%) of @entity44 and 9 (4.9%) of intercurrent disease. Of 121 Stage I @entity1 the only @entity204 was due to a second @entity5 . In orchiectomy and volume of abdominal node @entity3 . This was not, however, prognostically significant. Death from @entity4797 occurred in 6 out of 38 @entity1 (15.8%) with nodal @entity3 less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter and 3 out of 16 @entity1 (18.7%) with @entity3 greater than 5 cm in diameter; 2 of 8 Stage III @entity1 died of @entity4797 . Thus radiation controlled nodal @entity3 in more than 80% of Stage I, II and III @entity1 . In Stage IV @entity1 and @entity1 referred with disease relapse, 12 out of 16 @entity1 died of @entity4797 . Chemotherapy experience is briefly reviewed. @entity786 as a single agent has produced a 50% response rate. There is no evidence to suggest a radiation-related increase in mortality from the group of long-term @entity5 -free survivors.

title: The pattern of spread and treatment of @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testiclar seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['testicular seminoma']


abstract: Of 107 @entity1 operated for total @entity1700 (TAPVD) at Marie-Lannelongue Hospital between January 1980 and November 1989, 57 had severe @entity3885 . The average age of the @entity1 at operation was 13.6 days and their average body weight was 3.2 kg. Twenty eight @entity1 had an infracardiac, 23 @entity1 a supracardiac, 2 @entity1 an intracardiac and 4 @entity1 a mixed type of TAPVD. The diagnosis of @entity3885 was made on the findings of @entity998 and @entity120 exceeding the systemic blood pressure, and on the results of angiography and Doppler echocardiography. Seventy five per cent of @entity1 were admitted in Class IV of the NYHA Classification. Since 1985, treatment has been directed towards prevention of @entity120 . Echocardiographic diagnosis is considered sufficient for posing the surgical indication. Surgery should be performed before degradation of the @entity1 's clinical condition or after a short period of stabilisation. The prevention of @entity101 crises in the postoperative period depends on continuous monitoring of pulmonary pressures. This approach has considerably improved our surgical results as the mortality rate has fallen from 59 p. 100 (1980-1984) to 13.3 p. 100 (1985-1989) (p less than 0.005). In conclusion, obstruction of the pulmonary veins in TAPVD is no longer considered to be a poor prognostic factor, providing measures are taken to prevent @entity120 before, during and after surgery.

title: [Obstruction of total XXXX . Factors influencing improvement in surgical results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']


abstract: @entity29409 was not clearly defined until the link between brain and @entity409 was described. @entity29409 can now be clearly established as a disorder of oxidative metabolism related to @entity2383 , and in most instances with an autosomal mode of inheritance. The symptoms and signs are discussed. The illness occurs in the first years of life with the sudden onset of intractable @entity410 associated with @entity245 , @entity2421 , @entity2055 , @entity12661 , and @entity1578 , and @entity204 occurs within a short time. Treating the @entity410 with @entity1092 can cause the rapid onset of @entity1578 and must be avoided. To establish a definite diagnosis, liver and muscle biopsies may be needed. The former shows bile duct proliferation with the evidence of @entity82 , and the latter may support the involvement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain if there are ragged-red fibres. Genetic studies can show an association with mitochondrial DNA depletion and mutations in the polymerase gene. Cytochrome c @entity10154 has been demonstrated in some @entity1 . Useful diagnostic tests include liver function tests, @entity880 levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalograms, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The differential diagnosis will be from other forms of @entity528 and disorders of mitochondrial function. There is no specific treatment, which must await further research into causes.

title: @entity29409 : progressive @entity528 of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity29409 :: ('OMIM:203700', 'Disease') :: ['Alpers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity10154 :: ('MESH:D046349', 'Disease') :: ['oxidase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: Following the identification of potent, orally active inhibitors of @entity3650 reductase, the next challenge comes in demonstrating clinical utility in the treatment of @entity6 complications. It is not feasible to conduct pivotal studies in all indications within the same trial and @entity16 evolved as the lead indication. There was little precedent for clinical trials in any @entity6 complication and one of the challenges has been the derivation of standardized methodology for quantifying changes. In order to establish the value of any intervention in a @entity102 , it is necessary to demonstrate sustained benefit in long-term trials. This has been complicated by the absence of quantitative prospective data on the natural history of the disease process. In well-controlled clinical trials, @entity1 are likely to improve their @entity6 control which will have an additional effect over and above the usual placebo effect seen in any trial. In the absence of any standard therapy, the definition of clinical as opposed to statistical significance of any effect needs to be established. In the case of @entity16 this is further complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease and questions over the relevance of small changes in electrophysiology as an index of improvement in histopathology. The majority of the animal studies have concentrated on prevention of changes rather than reversal. However, in @entity2412 develop slowly and significant tissue damage has occurred before clinical signs can be detected. To date, all clinical studies have concentrated on treatment of complications. The dose of ARI chosen for such studies has been based on the surrogate of erythrocyte @entity3650 reductase activity confirmed by short-term studies on disease reversal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical trials with XXXX reductase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics, complications']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) and its surgical management have a profound impact on hospital resources in terms of finances and productive @entity1 -hours. Surgical treatment has been the mainstay of treatment of both @entity2869 but recurrence is common. The control of hair growth in the sinus region plays an important role in preventing recurrence. Here, we discuss our experience of treating 19 @entity1 suffering from recurrent @entity2869 and its long-term cost effectiveness. This is a retrospective study on @entity1 who had recurrence of @entity2869 following multiple surgical treatments. They were treated using long-pulsed alexandrite laser for depilation in the sinus area, an outpatient procedure. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were then evaluated. There was a significant reduction in hair density after laser treatment (p   <   0.001). The disease-free period after laser treatment was significantly longer than that one after surgical treatment (p   <   0.001). The average cost of repeated surgical treatment per disease-free month was significantly higher than that of laser treatment  (p   <   0.001). Evidence suggests the role of natal cleft hair growth in the evolution of the @entity66 ; therefore, control of hair growth should be considered as an adjunct to the initial treatment via surgery. Compared to surgical treatment of recurrences, laser depilation is an efficient and cost-effective method of preventing recurrence and reducing morbidity and loss of @entity1 -hours. We suggest that laser depilation of the @entity2869 should be funded by clinical commissioning groups.

title: Control of hair growth using long-pulsed alexandrite laser is an efficient and cost effective therapy for XXXX suffering from recurrent @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus with laser depilation', 'PNS', 'pilonidal sinus', 'Pilonidal sinus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the reduction of @entity2522 by two power interdental devices combined with a manual toothbrush. METHODS: Eighty-two subjects completed this randomized, four-week, single-blind, two-group parallel clinical study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Waterpik Water Flosser (WF) plus manual tooth brushing or Sonicare @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) plus manual tooth brushing. Subjects were provided written and verbal instructions for all products at the baseline visit and instructions were reviewed at the two-week (W2) visit. Data were evaluated for @entity2133 , lingual, and facial areas for @entity2522 and @entity548 on probing. Plaque data were evaluated for @entity2133 , lingual, facial, approximal, and marginal areas of the tooth. @entity2522 , @entity548 on probing, and plaque were scored at baseline (BSL), two weeks, and four weeks (W4). RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reductions in @entity2522 , @entity548 on probing, and plaque from baseline for all regions and time points measured (p < 0.001). The WF group was significantly more effective than the @entity11535 group at reducing plaque and @entity2522 at W2 and W4 for all areas measured (p <0.001). At W4, the WF group was 80% more effective than @entity11535 for @entity2133 @entity2522 reduction, and twice as effective for the lingual region. In terms of plaque removal at W4, the WF group was 70% more effective for @entity2133 (50.9% vs. 30%), 60% for approximal area (76.7% vs. 48%), and 47% for facial (52.8% vs. 35.9%) surfaces. The WF was twice as effective for lingual areas and more than three times as effective for marginal areas vs. the @entity11535 group (p <0.001). Results for @entity548 on probing showed the WF group was numerically better than the @entity11535 group for all areas and time points, with these improvements being statistically significance for @entity2133 (p = 0.02) and facial area (p = 0.004) at W2, and for the facial area (p = 0.02) at W4. CONCLUSION: The Waterpik Water Flosser is significantly more effective than Sonicare @entity11535 for reducing @entity2522 and plaque.

title: Comparison of two power interdental cleaning devices on the reduction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'Gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['whole mouth']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: @entity410 prone (WSP) and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) @entity19 were genetically selected to express severe or mild @entity410 ( @entity410 ), respectively, after cessation of chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) vapor inhalation. The studies reported here tested WSP and WSR @entity19 to determine whether elevated @entity410 were seen after administration of acute doses of several drugs that depress central nervous system activity. The drugs tested were @entity167 , @entity4485 , @entity23053 , @entity3094 , and @entity3175 . All drugs initially suppressed @entity410 in WSP @entity19 . This suppression was followed by an exacerbation of @entity410 , suggestive of a state of rebound central nervous system hyperexcitability during acute withdrawal. Susceptibility to acute @entity410 was clearly under genetic control, since WSR @entity19 did not display acute withdrawal @entity410 to any appreciable extent. Acute @entity167 @entity410 did not require testing WSP @entity19 repeatedly, as they could be seen upon a single @entity410 test 8 hr after @entity167 injection. Results with @entity3094 and @entity23053 suggest that the formation of @entity3094 may be sufficient, but is not necessary for the elicitation of acute @entity167 withdrawal. Earlier studies had found that WSP @entity19 displayed more severe withdrawal @entity410 than WSR @entity19 after chronic treatment with @entity23053 , @entity109 , @entity3810 , or @entity3175 . The genetic predisposition to chronic @entity167 withdrawal @entity410 in WSP @entity19 generalized to all central nervous system depressants acutely tested, suggesting that acute and chronic withdrawal to all these drugs is largely under the control of a common group of genes.

title: Acute dependence on depressant drugs is determined by common genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['WRS', 'handling-induced convulsions', 'HIC', 'Withdrawal seizure', 'withdrawal seizure resistant', 'withdrawal seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case study. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate how an exercise program can be designed with specific sets, repetitions, and rest periods, and to enhance the healing process in early stages of rehabilitation when injured tissues cannot tolerate full body weight. Our goal was to enhance ankle tissue healing by reducing gravitational force through a prescriptive exercise and unloading program. BACKGROUND: This report describes a treatment method that we used to rehabilitate a collegiate soccer player with a @entity3681 . This athlete sprained his ankle 6 weeks before the start of rehabilitation and was unable to participate in soccer due to persistent @entity158 and impaired function. METHODS AND MEASURES: A 2-week functional training program was implemented, consisting of exercises chosen for specific task simulation related to soccer. Gravitational force was mechanically altered by suspending the subject or by supporting the subject on a variable incline plane. Weight-bearing was controlled so that the subject could perform exercises without @entity158 . The outcome measures were ankle range of motion (ROM), maximum @entity158 -free isometric strength, vertical force during unilateral squats, and unilateral hop time and distance. RESULTS: @entity158 -free weight-bearing capacity increased over the 2-week course of rehabilitation and the subject was able to return to playing soccer without @entity158 . The ratios (involved to uninvolved extremity) at time of discharge from physical therapy were 87% to 103% for ankle ROM, 75% to 93% for isometric ankle strength, 91% for unilateral squats, 88% for unilateral hop time, and 86% for unilateral hop distance. CONCLUSIONS: Return to function can be achieved in a short period by exercise that is performed with a gradual increase in @entity158 -free weight-bearing capacity.

title: Strategy of exercise prescription using an unloading technique for functional rehabilitation of an athlete with an inversion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II inversion ankle sprain']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprain']


abstract: BACKGROUND:                 <AbstractText Label="SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The @entity101 lower esophageal sphincter (HLES) is an unusual primary @entity1957 of the esophagus. The significance of this @entity1319 is still questionable. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were: (a) identification of the prevalence of HLES in these @entity1 , (b) identification of the common presenting symptoms of HLES, (c) study of the correlation of the symptoms with LESP and (d) study of the effectiveness of @entity384 in cases that fail to respond to medical treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study that includes four thousand one hundred and seventy @entity1 , who were subjected to esophageal manometry in the period from January 1994 to December 2003, among whom sixty-six @entity1 with HLES (LESP> 40 mmHg) were found. In addition to manometry, upper endoscopy was done to forty-nine @entity1 , upper GI barium studies to thirty-eight @entity1 and esophageal pH- metry to sixteen @entity1 . RESULTS: showed that most of our @entity1 were females (45 females and 21 males), with a mean age of 36.6 +/- 14 years. @entity1 with @entity1282 (57.5%) had the highest LESP (52.1 +/- 21, mmHg) while @entity1 with @entity662 (47%) had the highest distal esophageal contraction amplitude (153.9 +/- 93.2 mmHg). Endoscopy showed varying degrees of @entity2910 in 17 @entity1 (34%). Barium studies showed @entity32784 in seven @entity1 (18.4%) and dilated esophagus in nine @entity1 (23.7%). LESP was highest in @entity1 with dilated esophagus (57.5 +/- 33.4 mmHg). All our @entity1 were subjected to medical treatment, of which twelve @entity1 underwent @entity384 with successfully reduced LESP and symptoms relief in 91% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the prevalence of HLES is around 1.6, in which @entity1282 and @entity662 are the usual presenting symptom, and that @entity384 is very effective when properly applied. It will probably occupy the same position it has in @entity1318 .

title: XXXX lower esophageal sphincter (HLES): prevalence,symptoms genesis and effect of @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic balloon dilatation', 'pneumatic balloon dilation', 'pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity32784 :: ('MESH:C536565', 'Disease') :: ['corkscrew esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorder']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity3332 is different from that reported in Western literature, with acid ingestion being a major cause. This study evaluated functional and morphological changes in the colon used as neoesophagus. METHODS: Functional changes in the neoesophagus were evaluated by symptom score of @entity1282 and manometry. Barium study and fluoroscopy were done to evaluate the flow patterns and endoscopy with histopathological examination to study the adaptive changes in the colon. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity130 presented between 2007 and 2010. Isolated esophageal involvement was seen in 22 @entity1 ; 11 of them underwent colonic replacement. The passage of barium was smooth, without any hold up at the upper or lower anastomotic line. Endoscopic biopsy at 6 months and 1 year did not show any change in the mucosal pattern or in the muscularis layer of the transposed colon. Functional evaluation showed relief of @entity1282 in all 11 @entity1 after surgery. The mean preoperative @entity1282 score was 7.81 (range 5-10), at 1 month was 0.73 (range 0-2), and at 3 months post-surgery was 0.45 (range 0-2). Manometric study at 3 months after the surgery in all 11 @entity1 and in five @entity1 at the end of 6 months showed no evidence of peristalsis in the neoesophagus. Three of the latter five @entity1 demonstrated a 4-5-cm zone with a high pressure in the intraabdominal part of the transposed colon compared with that in the intrathoracic part of the colon. On barium studies, reflux from the stomach into the neoesophagus was not seen in any of the 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Esophagocoloplasty was associated with symptom relief, and the reflux of gastric content was low because of 4-5 cm of the colon being intraabdominal in a positive pressure environment.

title: Morphological and functional changes in colon after coloplasty for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['corrosive injury']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['corrosive esophageal strictures']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['corrosive esophageal strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermediate or surrogate endpoints for survival can shorten time lines for drug approval. We aimed to assess circulating @entity5 cell (CTC) count as a prognostic factor for survival in @entity1 with progressive, metastatic, castration-resistant @entity263 receiving first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: We identified @entity1 with progressive metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 starting first-line chemotherapy in the IMMC38 trial. CTCs were isolated by immunomagnetic capture from blood samples at baseline and after treatment. Baseline variables, including CTC count, titre of @entity1486 , and concentration of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and post-treatment variables (change in CTCs and @entity1486 ) were tested for association with survival with Cox proportional hazards models. Concordance probability estimates were used to gauge discriminatory strength of the informative factors in identifying @entity1 at low-risk and high-risk of survival. FINDINGS: Variables associated with high risk of @entity204 were high LDH concentration (hazard ratio 6.44, 95% CI 4.24-9.79), high CTC count (1.58, 1.41-1.77), and high @entity1486 titre (1.26, 1.10-1.45), low albumin (0.10, 0.03-0.39), and low haemoglobin (0.72, 0.64-0.81) at baseline. At 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, changes in CTC number were strongly associated with risk, whereas changes in @entity1486 titre were weakly or not associated (p>0.04). The most predictive factors for survival were LDH concentration and CTC counts (concordance probability estimate 0.72-0.75). INTERPRETATION: CTC number, analysed as a continuous variable, can be used to monitor disease status and might be useful as an intermediate endpoint of survival in clinical trials. Prospective recording of CTC number as an intermediate endpoint of survival in randomised clinical trials is warranted.

title: Circulating @entity5 cells as prognostic markers in progressive, castration-resistant XXXX : a reanalysis of IMMC38 trial data.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: LetHality and overall prognosis after @entity1230 and severe burn are determined to a major degree by the incidence and severity of @entity166 . Immunological reactions are influenced by the extent of @entity130 . Multitest M  rieux is an appropriate and an easily applicable means to delayed @entity56 testing (DHT). This study investigates to what extent Multitest M  rieux can help to predict the prognosis of multiply injured and severely burnt @entity1 and whether new therapeutic measures can be recommended. This study encloses 52 @entity1 during 1985: 16 severe burns, 20 @entity1230 with @entity542 and 16 without. Beginning with the day of @entity130 and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded every 48 hours. Delayed @entity56 testing was performed using Multitest M  rieux. The extent of @entity130 was determined by help of the ISS. All quantitative laboratory and cardiopulmonary parameters showed no significant changes in correlation to the clinical course during the period under investigation. However, a significant correlation between Multitest reaction at days six and eight and its overall results and the rate of @entity166 was found. Moreover, the extent of @entity130 measured by ISS shows a positive correlation with the rate of anergic reactions in Multitest. Thus Multitest M  rieux is an easily applicable and reliable means to the assessment of the prognosis after @entity1230 and severe burn. Therapeutical recommendations beyond today's intensive care concepts cannot be given.

title: Delayed @entity56 after XXXX and severe burn.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injury', 'multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury standard laboratory']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple injury']


abstract: @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) caused by @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) is a disease of poverty, poor hygiene and poor living standards. @entity6331 remains one of the major causes of childhood @entity299 in developing nations. Within developed nations, there has been a dramatic drop in the prevalence of @entity6331 because of the improvement of living standards, access to health care and the widespread availability of @entity114 -based drugs. Despite a dramatic reduction of @entity6331 in Australia overall, it continues to be a major contributor to childhood and adult @entity299 in Indigenous communities throughout northern and central Australia. Currently, Australia has among the highest recorded rates of @entity4789 and @entity6331 in the world. The most accurate epidemiological data in Australia come from the Northern Territory's @entity6331 control programme. In the Northern Territory, 92% of @entity1 with @entity6331 are Indigenous, of whom 85% live in remote communities and towns. The incidence of @entity4789 is highest in 5-14-year-olds, ranging from 150 to 380 per 100,000. Prevalence rates of @entity6331 since 2000 have steadily increased to almost 2% of the Indigenous population in the Northern Territory, 3.2% in those aged 35-44 years. Living in remote communities is a contributing factor to @entity4789 / @entity6331 as well as a major barrier for adequate follow-up and care. Impediments to @entity4789 / @entity6331 control include the paucity of specialist services, rapid turnover of health staff, lack of knowledge of @entity4789 / @entity6331 by health staff, @entity1 and communities, and the high mobility of the Indigenous population. Fortunately, the recently announced National @entity4789 Strategy, comprising recurrent funding to the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia for control programmes, as well as the creation of a National Coordination Unit suggest that @entity6331 control in Australia is now a tangible prospect. For the disease to be eradicated, Australia will have to address the underpinning determinants of poverty, social and living conditions.

title: XXXX in indigenous Australian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic heart disease', 'RHD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'Rheumatic Fever', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic fever']


abstract: Antibodies specifically targeting @entity5 -associated antigens have proved to be important tools in the treatment of @entity1 @entity5 . A desirable target antigen should be unique to @entity5 cells, abundantly expressed, and readily available for antibody binding. The @entity10320 /80 DNA-repair protein is expressed in the nucleus of most cells; it is, however, also present on the cell surface of @entity5 cell lines, and antibodies binding @entity23005 at the cell surface were recently shown to internalize into @entity5 cells. To evaluate the potential of @entity10320 /80-antigen as a therapeutic target for immunotoxins in @entity463 multiforme, we investigated binding and localization of @entity10320 /80-specific antibodies in tissue samples from @entity463 and normal @entity1 brains, and in @entity11 cell cultures. Furthermore, the internalization and drug-delivery capacity were evaluated by use of immunotoxicity studies. We demonstrate that @entity23005 is localized on the cell plasma membrane of @entity11 cell lines, and is specifically present in @entity1 @entity463 tissue. Antibodies bound to the @entity23005 antigen on the cell surface of @entity11 cells were found to internalize via endocytosis, and shown to efficiently deliver toxins into @entity463 cells. The data further imply that different antibodies directed against @entity23005 possess different abilities to target the antigen, in relation to its presentation on the cell surface or intracellular localization. We conclude that @entity23005 antigen is uniquely presented on the plasma membrane in @entity463 , and that antibodies specific against the antigen have the capacity to selectively bind, internalize, and deliver toxins into @entity5 cells. These results imply that @entity23005 is a potential target for immunotherapy of @entity463 multiforme.

title: Distribution, cellular localization, and therapeutic potential of the @entity5 -associated antigen XXXX /80 in @entity463 multiforme.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity10320 :: (2547,Gene) :: ['Ku70']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31598 (ZIKV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae. In 2015, ZIKV triggered an epidemic in Brazil and spread across Latin America. By May of 2016, the World Health Organization warns over spread of ZIKV beyond this region. Detailed studies on the mode of evolution of ZIKV strains are extremely important for our understanding of the emergence and spread of ZIKV populations. In order to gain insight into these matters, a Bayesian coalescent Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of complete genome sequences of recently isolated ZIKV strains was performed. The results of these studies revealed a mean rate of evolution of 1.20   *   10(-3) @entity4334 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) for ZIKV strains enrolled in this study. Several variants isolated in China are grouped together with all strains isolated in Latin America. Another genetic group composed exclusively by Chinese strains were also observed, suggesting the co-circulation of different genetic lineages in China. These findings indicate a high level of diversification of ZIKV populations. Strains isolated from @entity4242 cases do not share @entity3689 substitutions, suggesting that other factors besides viral genetic differences may play a role for the proposed pathogenesis caused by @entity778 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Bayesian coalescent inference reveals high evolutionary rates and diversification of XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ZIKV infection']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

answer: @entity31598 :: (64320,Species) :: ['Zika virus']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a psychostimulant drug used to treat @entity71 in @entity1 . To explore the central effects of chronic @entity7541 , we investigated the expression of an effector immediate early gene, activity regulated cytoskeletal associated (arc), and the neurotrophin, @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) in the brain of immature and adult @entity35 following repeated @entity7541 . Prepubertal ( @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 25-38) and adult ( @entity227 53-66) male @entity35 were injected once daily for: a) 14 days with saline or @entity7541 (2 or 10 mg/kg; s.c.) or b) 13 days with saline followed by a single dose of @entity7541 (2 or 10 mg/kg; s.c.). To determine possible long-term effects of @entity7541 , prepubertal @entity35 were allowed a drug-free period of 4 weeks following the 14 days of treatment, and then were given a challenge dose of @entity7541 . We demonstrated, for the first time, that an acute injection of @entity7541 increased levels of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (ARC) and arc mRNA in the prepubertal @entity35 striatum and cingulate/frontal cortex. This response was significantly attenuated by chronic @entity7541 . The desensitization in arc expression observed in prepubertal @entity35 persisted in the adult striatum following a later @entity7541 challenge. In contrast to these data we observed little effect of @entity7541 on @entity2136 expression. We also developed an effective, non-stressful technique to treat freely moving immature @entity35 with oral @entity7541 . Consistent with the results described above, we observed that oral @entity7541 (7.5 and 10 mg/kg) also increased arc expression in the prepubertal @entity35 striatum. However, unlike the effects of injected @entity7541 , repeated oral @entity7541 (7.5 mg/kg) did not alter the normal arc response. This result raises the important possibility that oral doses of @entity7541 that reproduce clinically relevant blood levels of @entity7541 may not down-regulate gene expression, at least in the short term (14 days). We confirmed, using mass spectrometry, that the oral doses of @entity7541 used in our experiments yielded blood levels within the clinical range observed in @entity1 . The novel oral administration paradigm that we describe thus provides a clinically relevant animal model to further explore the effects of chronic drug exposure on central gene expression in the developing @entity35 brain.

title: @entity2727 regulates activity regulated cytoskeletal associated but not @entity2136 gene expression in the developing XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bdnf', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal day', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is an autosomal recessively inherited @entity209 presenting with @entity520 , @entity4434 and @entity177 . CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 6-year-old @entity1 with severe @entity851 , @entity2753 and @entity1371 . Her parents were 4(th) degree relatives. Two relatives were diagnosed as end @entity177 . She also had persistant @entity5838 . Her renal function was normal at presentation. She was thought to have @entity9475 with supporting findings of elevated levels of @entity916 and @entity1369 with normal blood pressure, and @entity1373 of juxtaglomerular apparatus. Her @entity5838 did not resolve despite supportive treatment. At 6(th) month of follow-up @entity644 , @entity15157 and deterioration of renal function developed. Diagnosis of @entity8518 was made with slit lamp examination and leukocyte @entity1434 levels. At 12(th) month of follow-up her @entity5838 has converted to @entity520 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with persistant @entity5838 , with family history of @entity177 , and parental consanguinity, @entity8518 should always be kept in mind as this disease is an important cause of end @entity177 which may have features mimmicking @entity9475 .

title: A XXXX with @entity8518 presenting @entity9475 and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ['Bartter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis', 'hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathic cystinosis', 'cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIMS: Thrombolysis for normotensive @entity1 with large clot burden @entity1151 remains debatable. We aim to document our current management of @entity1151 , examining determinants of therapy and outcomes. METHOD: A retrospective chart-based review of all @entity1 admitted with @entity1151 under Cardiology service in Christchurch Hospital between 2002-2007. All related CT pulmonary angiograms were also reviewed for quantification of clot burden and evidence of right ventricular strain. RESULTS: 120 @entity1 were admitted during the audit period. @entity551 @entity1 had a significantly higher troponin level and Qanadli scores. RV/LV ratio >1 in @entity26553 was 80% sensitive and 57% specific in predicting RV strain on echocardiogram. Forty-six @entity1 were thrombolysed, most with large clot burden and right ventricular strain. No treatment related @entity204 or intracranial @entity548 occurred; however six @entity1 required blood transfusion and six @entity1 had @entity120 at 6 months. There was a higher in- @entity1 event rate in thrombolysed group, due to increased @entity548 , compared to non-thrombolysed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Thrombolysis was successfully performed with relatively low in- @entity1 and 6-month event rate. Long term advantage over routine anticoagulation was not demonstrated. The role of thrombolysis in normotensive @entity1 with large clot burden remains uncertain. @entity26553 markers of RV strain correlated well with echocardiography.

title: Christchurch experience of XXXX with and without thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['persistent pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotensive']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that @entity148 and @entity308 are related to @entity73 , but the concomitant association between anxious symptoms, @entity308 and cognitive function has not been investigated, and, most studies have not considered psychotropic drug use as a possible confounding factor. METHODS: We assessed the independent association between @entity308 , @entity148 , psychotropic drug use and cognitive performance in 457 @entity1 and 659 @entity1 , aged 59-71 years living in the community. Data on demographic background, occupation, medical history, drug use and personal habits were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. The Spielberger Inventory Trait and the Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) scales were used to evaluate anxious and @entity308 symptomatology respectively. Cognitive assessment included six traditional tests covering the main areas of cognitive functioning. RESULTS: In @entity1 , anxious and @entity308 symptomatologies had independent significant associations with most cognitive abilities, independent of psychotropic drug use. In @entity1 , the association between @entity148 or @entity308 and cognitive functioning was less strong and disappeared after adjustment for psychotropic drug use. Psychotropic drug use was associated with lower cognitive scores in both sexes. In @entity1 with high CES-D scores, we found positive correlations between @entity148 level and cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that @entity148 , @entity308 and psychotropic drug use were significantly and independently associated with cognitive functioning in elderly @entity1 . The high prevalence of psychotropic drug use in @entity1 with or without @entity74 may explain its major effect in @entity1 . Results suggested that @entity148 may partly compensate for some negative effects of @entity308 on cognitive functioning.

title: @entity148 , @entity308 , psychotropic drug use and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevention of @entity358 after pulmonary resection for @entity1149 may minimize postoperative mortality rates and hospitalization period. The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with the development of @entity358 after lung resections to help predict which @entity1 are at increased risk for morbidity. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2003, 108 consecutive pulmonary resections were performed for @entity1149 in our institution. The following information was recorded: demographic, clinical, functional, and surgical variables. We evaluated all complications, which arose after pulmonary resection during hospitalization. The risk of complication was evaluated using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratio. RESULTS: Sixty-six lobectomies, 31 pneumonectomies, 11 bilobectomies and four wedge resections were done. Forty-nine complications were realized in all @entity1 . A logistic regression analysis on relevant variables showed that only the increased serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (>320 U/l) was a significant predictor of a @entity358 (P=0.03). Age, side of resection, low FEV(1), stage of the disease, low partial arterial @entity26 pressure, low partial arterial @entity544 pressure, cigarette smoking and concomitant disease were not significant predictors of morbidity. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who have higher serum LDH levels are at increased risk for developing postoperative morbidity. Postoperative physical therapy and medical care might be intensified in those @entity1 at high risk.

title: @entity880 dehydrodgenase levels predict XXXX after lung resection for @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary morbidity']


abstract: AIM: To discuss the clinical features and management of @entity1 who presented with @entity3171 and had features of presumed @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series of all @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity5576 from January 2000 to December 2003 in the neuro-ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary referral ophthalmic institution, were retrospectively analyzed. Analysis was done for 50/106 @entity1 who fulfilled modified Dandy's criteria and had @entity3171 and a minimal follow-up period of two years. RESULTS: Most (40/50, 80%) of the @entity1 were females and the mean age of presentation for all the 50 @entity1 was 32.89 years. Chief complaints were @entity10 in 38 (76%) @entity1 , 24(48%) @entity1 had transient visual obscuration, 24 (48%) @entity1 had @entity227 , 15 (30%) @entity1 had @entity390 , @entity391 , 4(8%) @entity1 had @entity892 . Bilateral disc @entity4 was seen in 46 (92%) @entity1 and unilateral disc @entity4 in 4 (8%) @entity1 . 60 eyes had enlarged blind spot as the common @entity227 . Neuroimaging revealed prominent perioptic CSF spaces in 14 @entity1 and @entity4776 in three @entity1 . CSF opening pressure was 250-350 mm @entity2507 (water) in 39 @entity1 and was >350 mm @entity2507 in 11 @entity1 . Medical treatment was started for all @entity1 ; whereas 35 [70%] @entity1 responded, 15 [30%] @entity1 had to undergo LP shunt.

title: Clinical profile, evaluation, management and visual outcome of XXXX in a neuro-ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary referral ophthalmic center in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

entities_list: @entity3171 :: ('MESH:C531767', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc edema']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether comorbidities are more prevalent among individuals with neovascular age-related @entity1020 (NV- @entity13785 ) than individuals without @entity13785 . METHODS: This 2-year, retrospective, case-control study included Medicare beneficiaries (standard 5% analytic sample) continuously enrolled from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, excluding those in managed care plans. The NV- @entity13785 cohort included individuals >or=65 at baseline with a diagnosis of NV- @entity13785 in 2003 and 2004. Age-, gender-, and race-matched controls were selected from those with no @entity13785 . Comparisons were made for 13 general categories of @entity2194 and 18 specific comorbidities based on ICD-9-CM codes. Two-year prevalence was calculated by condition and cohort; odds ratios and 99% confidence intervals were calculated (logistic regression). RESULTS: Analyses included 26,057 subjects and an equal number of controls. Nearly all subjects had at least one comorbidity, and >80% in each cohort had five or more comorbidities across general disease categories. Prevalence of 7/13 general disease categories exceeded 50% in both cohorts; rates for 12/13 categories were significantly higher in those with NV- @entity13785 (P < 0.001). Prevalence of 13/14 non-eye-related and 4/4 eye-related specific comorbidities was significantly higher among NV- @entity13785 subjects (P < 0.05). A more than 20% greater odds for NV- @entity13785 subjects was noted for @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity2415 , @entity1030 , @entity731 , @entity625 , @entity301 , @entity231 , @entity726 , and @entity1714 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with NV- @entity13785 are significantly more likely to have comorbidities, many of which could be life-threatening.

title: Comparison of comorbid conditions between neovascular age-related @entity1020 XXXX and a control cohort in the medicare population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['non-eye-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effectiveness of placebos is unchallenged. However, it is still not clear on which mechanisms the placebo effect is based. Besides expectancy theories, classical conditioning is discussed as a major explanatory model. In an experimental conditioning design we tested 96 @entity1 , 48 with @entity483 (24 male, 24 female) and 48 with healthy skin (24 male and 24 female). All of them received a neutral ointment with a different briefing (" @entity158 "). Electrical @entity158 stimuli were subsequently applied, which selectively induce a @entity158 sensation. In the case of the learning condition (classical conditioning) and unbeknown to the @entity1 , the intensity of the @entity158 stimulus was reduced by 50% after the ointment had been applied. The study addressed the question whether the @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 with @entity483 could be reduced through a placebo effect and whether the placebo effect was achieved through expectancy or through a process of classical conditioning or both. The results indicate that a placebo effect is achieved via expectancy and classical conditioning. However, conditioning processes seem to be necessary for a longer lasting effect. The extent of this effect seemed to be greater in atopics than in healthy controls. Expectancy, achieved through verbal instruction, might also be seen as a conditioned stimulus that reactivates earlier stimulus associations.

title: Classical conditioning and expectancy in placebo hypoalgesia: a randomized controlled study in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity1 with healthy skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-reducing ointment" versus "neutral ointment', 'pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: This paper presents a risk assessment of individuals with @entity1576 who are exposed to active and passive @entity286 smoke (environmental @entity286 smoke or ETS). Smoking @entity286 and ETS is a serious environmental hazard known to be harmful to @entity1 health. This analysis is based on the results of the Epidemiology of @entity56 in Poland (ECAP) study, which was conducted from 2006-2008 on a sample of approximately 22,500 respondents in 9 areas of Poland, both urban and rural. Data collection was based on individual interviews and a questionnaire employing Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing technology (CAPI). 46.8% of respondents declared themselves as smokers, defined as those who smoke and have done so for at least one year. In this group, 41.5% of respondents were female and 54.3% were male. While differences between various areas of Poland were demonstrated, they did not necessarily correlate with urbanization. Rural Zamo     reported 41.4% of smokers while metropolitan Pozna   had 41.9% of smokers. These statistics can be contrasted against other urban areas such as Katowice and Gdansk, which had 51.8% and 52.3% of smokers, respectively (n = 9376). 29.6% of rural @entity1 reported smoking, while this percentage was higher among urban @entity1 , ranging from 36.3% in Pozna   to 49.5% in Gda  sk. However, the highest percentage of smokers was among males in Zamo     at 56.1%. This percentage was higher than the overall average in this study. The largest percentages of active smoking occurred among laborers, craftsmen, miners, drivers, farmers and fishermen, the self-employed and gardeners. This quantitative assessment of the prevalence of smoking underlines the importance of the consequences of this habit as they relate to @entity565 and @entity1576 . The findings demonstrate smoking as a serious social problem associated with @entity56 , and a habit that differs between place of residence and work environment.

title: Consequences of smoke inhalation in the 'Epidemiology of XXXX in Poland' project (ECAP).

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'Allergic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Apart from cystectomy, few treatment options exist for the management of bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). We report a multi-institutional experience with sequential intravesical combination chemotherapy using @entity136 and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) for NMIBC in the treatment of high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 who received 6 weekly treatments with sequential intravesical @entity136 (1g) and @entity1139 (40 mg) chemotherapy for NMIBC. @entity136 was administered first and retained for 90 minutes and then drained. @entity1139 was then administered directly after and retained for an additional 90 minutes. Forty-seven @entity1 received treatment from 3 academic tertiary referral centers between 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 (median age 70, range 32-85; 36 males, 11 females) who previously failed a median of 2 intravesical treatments were reviewed. Complete response, 1-year, and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates for all @entity1 were 68%, 48%, and 38%, respectively. Median recurrence-free survival for all @entity1 was 9 months (range 1-80). Fourteen of 47 @entity1 (30%) remained free of recurrence with a median time to follow-up of 26 months (range 6-80 mo). Ten @entity1 required cystectomy. CONCLUSION: Sequential intravesical combination chemotherapy using @entity136 and @entity1139 appears to be a useful treatment for @entity1 with high-grade NMIBC as well as those with prior bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure. Further prospective studies are warranted.

title: Multi-institutional analysis of sequential intravesical @entity136 and XXXX chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endocrine agents, such as @entity4672 , are established in the treatment of hormone-dependent @entity0 . However, response rates are only 50% to 70% in the neoadjuvant setting and lower in advanced disease. Thus there is a need to identify novel markers predicting for response and to understand molecular mechanisms of resistance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sequential @entity5 biopsies were taken before and after 10 to 14 days of neoadjuvant treatment with @entity4672 in @entity1 with @entity172 receptor-rich @entity0 . Expression profiles on high-density microarray chips were then related to clinical responses as assessed from @entity5 volume measurements after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Of 52 @entity1 , 37 (71%) were classified as having a clinical response to @entity4672 and 15 being clinically resistant. Bioinformatic analysis identified 205 covariables (69 baseline expression, 45 day 14 expression, and 91 change in expression with treatment) which differentiated between clinical responders and nonresponders. Hierarchical clustering using the variables separated responders and nonresponders into two distinct groups. Ontological assessment indicated that discriminating genes were enriched toward cellular biosynthetic processes. In particular, functional gene assessment showed ribosomal protein probes to have higher baseline expression in @entity5 responsive to @entity4672 and increased expression with treatment in nonresponding cases. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe genetic covariables and molecular processes discriminating between @entity5 clinically responsive and resistant to an aromatase inhibitor. The understanding of such molecular phenotypes will be important in optimizing the clinical use of aromatase inhibitors, both in terms of identifying responsive @entity0 and developing new agents to target resistance pathways.

title: Gene expression profiles differentiating between @entity0 clinically responsive or resistant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4672 :: (MESH:C067431,Chemical) :: ['letrozole']


abstract: @entity5521 , an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, both @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and causes a dose- and ambient temperature (Ta)-dependent drop in body temperature (Tb). The purpose of this paper was to examine the correlation between changes in sleep and changes in Tb after @entity5521 at various Ta's. Tb and sleep were recorded in male @entity35 for 4 h after i.p. injection of either saline or @entity5521 (1 mg/kg at Ta 20 degrees C; 5 mg/kg at 20, 30 and 32 degrees C; 10 mg/kg at 20, 30, 32, and 34 degrees C). Changes in sleep were highly correlated with changes in Tb: when Tb dropped, amounts of sleep, especially @entity11755 , also were decreased. The largest effects were seen at Ta 20 degrees C. After 5 mg/kg, Tb was below normal for 2 h and latency to @entity11755 increased 82 +/- 27 min (P less than 0.025). After 10 mg/kg Tb was decreased for 3 h, and latency to @entity11755 increased 91 +/- 19 min (P less than 0.001). While Tb was lower amounts of @entity11755 were also decreased. Smaller effects were observed on slow wave sleep. At those conditions where @entity5521 had no effect on Tb (i.e. Ta 20 degrees C, 1 mg/kg, and Ta 32 degrees C, 5 and 10 mg/kg) no differences were found in any measure of sleep. These results demonstrate that the effects of @entity5521 on sleep are not caused by direct action on sleep mechanisms, but rather by its actions on thermoregulatory and possibly other mechanisms that modulate sleep.

title: Influence of ambient temperature on sleep and body temperature after XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['decreases rapid-eye-movement sleep', 'REMS']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

answer: @entity5521 :: (MESH:D010646,Chemical) :: ['phentolamine']