abstract: PURPOSE: Describe @entity1 characteristics, treatment, and vision outcomes of @entity5125 @entity3225 , an exceedingly rare form of listeriosis. METHODS: @entity5125 @entity3225 cases in @entity1 adults, located through Medline (32) and from disease surveillance centers (11). @entity5125 @entity2024 and @entity1036 were excluded. RESULTS: Most cases occurred in 2000-2015 (22/43), and almost all in Europe or North America (40/43). @entity1 were a median 61 years, 57% male (24/42) and half were immunosuppressed. Median days from entering care to diagnosis was 8 (IQR = 5-17). Only four were exogenous infections. @entity5125 was identified in 31/35 of anterior eye fluid samples (89%). Antibiotic regimens varied markedly (mostly >= 3 drugs). At diagnosis, most were blind in the affected eye (85%, 28/33), only a third regained normal vision (12/36). Older @entity1 had poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Cases increased over time. Diagnostic delays were common and @entity227 often refractory to treatment, especially in older adults. The condition's rarity and variation in treatment makes it difficult to identify optimum therapy.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX @entity3225 : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study delay in diagnosis, @entity410 control, @entity410 -provoking factors, suitable medications and @entity137 in @entity1 with juvenile @entity3148 . DESIGN: Telephone and personal interview of @entity1 and review of their clinical notes. @entity1 AND SETTING: Thirty-six @entity1 attending an @entity302 clinic at a tertiary referral hospital. RESULTS: There was a substantial delay in the diagnosis of juvenile @entity3148 because the symptom of early-morning @entity2045 was not specifically sought. @entity1092 is the drug of choice, producing absolute @entity410 control in 63% of cases (19/30). Most @entity1 with poor @entity410 control had provoked @entity410 only, emphasising the importance of lifestyle in management. Half of the @entity1 taking @entity1092 experienced side effects, such as @entity1017 . @entity2812 is the most suitable alternative. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3149 is a common, under-recognised form of @entity302 which is best treated with @entity1092 . If side effects occur, @entity2812 should be used.

title: XXXX : diagnosis, management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium valproate', 'sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

answer: @entity3149 :: (MESH:D020190,Disease) :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']


abstract: The high-mobility group A (HMGA) non-histone chromosomal proteins @entity9799 and @entity9625 are architectural factors. They are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis and in most @entity5 , whereas their expression is low or absent in normal adult tissues. Their over-expression is known to have a causal role in cellular neoplastic transformation. Previous studies from our group have shown that their expression is restricted to specific germinal cells. In this study we have evaluated, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of @entity9799 and @entity9625 in a series of post-pubertal @entity5 of different histological types, including 30 @entity4797 , 15 @entity44 , 15 @entity189 and 10 mixed @entity5 with a prominent @entity5 component. @entity9799 protein expression was detected in all @entity4797 and @entity189 analysed, but not in @entity189 . Conversely, @entity9625 was present only in @entity189 and @entity189 , but not in @entity4797 or @entity44 . The immunohistochemical data were further confirmed by Western blot and, at the mRNA level, by RT-PCR analyses. These findings indicate that @entity9799 and @entity9625 are differently expressed with respect to the state of differentiation of testicular germ cell @entity5 (TGCTs), with over-expression of both proteins in pluripotential @entity189 cells and loss of expression of @entity9799 in yolk sac @entity5 and of both proteins in the mature adult tissue of @entity44 areas. Therefore, the different profiles of @entity9799 and @entity9625 protein expression could represent a valuable diagnostic tool in some cases in which the histological differential diagnosis is problematic.

title: Detection of high-mobility group proteins A1 and A2 represents a valid diagnostic marker in post-pubertal testicular germ cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasias', 'testicular tumours', 'germinal tumours', 'yolk sac tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas', 'embryonal carcinoma', 'teratomas or yolk sac carcinomas', 'yolk sac carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in the biology of @entity1583 including @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ). Using cytofluorimetric analysis, the levels of angiogenic factors, as well as the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), were determined in 65 @entity1 with @entity4407 , including 33 previously untreated and 32 receiving cytoreductive therapy. Correlations between markers of angiogenesis and @entity4016 - @entity4017 mutational status were also assessed. We found significantly higher levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and markedly decreased levels of placental growth factor in untreated @entity1 with @entity4407 with respect to control subjects. @entity7 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with white blood count >8.7 (x 10(9)/L) vs. <8.7 (x 10(9)/L). Furthermore, the levels of @entity7 in @entity1 on @entity1862 (HU) therapy were markedly lower than in untreated @entity1 . It was also demonstrated that the number of all CEC subpopulations (resting, activated, apoptotic, and circulating precursor endothelial cells) was increased in @entity1 with @entity4407 in relation to controls, regardless of the @entity4016 - @entity4017 status, and was not affected by cytoreductive treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights the possible role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of @entity4407 . It provides evidence that the number of CECs is elevated independently of @entity4016 - @entity4017 status and is not down-regulated by HU or @entity18829 therapy. Our data suggest that @entity7 levels are particularly elevated in @entity1 with high leukocytosis. Further investigation should be undertaken to determine the possible role of antiangiogenic therapy in @entity4407 .

title: Plasma levels of angiogenic factors and circulating endothelial cells in @entity4407 : correlation with cytoreductive therapy and XXXX - @entity4017 mutational status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

answer: @entity4016 :: (3717,Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: @entity35 within the early maintenance phase of post-ischemic @entity810 ( @entity810 ) can resist additional ischemic insults. This study assessed whether this protection exists directly at the tubular cell level, and if so, whether it is a consequence of prior cell injury (for example, due to heat-shock protein synthesis; HSP), or if it arises in response to reductions in functional renal mass and/or the uremic environment. @entity35 were subjected to either 15 or 35 minutes of unilateral or bilateral @entity8 , and after 15 minutes to 24 hours of reflow, proximal tubular segments (PTS) were isolated for study. Their viability following oxygenation and @entity519 /reoxygenation injury (H/R) was tested (LDH release). The influence of @entity5507 /reduced renal mass was determined by studying PTS extracted 24 hours after 1 1/2 nephrectomy, and by determining whether PTS exposure to a "uremic milieu" (urine addition) blocks H/R damage. HSP effects were gauged by correlating renal cortical @entity18273 expression with degrees of in vitro protection, and by ascertaining whether in vivo @entity221 (42 degrees C; 15 min) mitigates subsequent PTS H/R damage. Results were compared with those obtained from normal PTS. The in vivo experimental protocols did not substantially alter PTS isolation or their viability during oxygenation. Fifteen minutes of @entity63 induced neither @entity2629 nor PTS cytoprotection. In contrast, 35 minutes of @entity63 conferred marked protection against subsequent H/R, but only when @entity2629 was permitted to develop (protection seen after 24 hr, but not at 4 hr of reflow; protection abrogated by retention of 1 normal kidney). @entity177 in the @entity4295 (1 1/2 uninephrectomy) protected PTS from H/R damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Post-ischemic XXXX protects proximal tubules from O2 deprivation injury, possibly by inducing @entity5507 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['absence of tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: In 39 @entity1 with @entity253 inappropriate for a transpapillary access (21 m, 18 f, mean age 62 y.) 61 percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopies (PTCS) were performed. In 28 cases (71.8%) diagnostic PTCS was done in order to investigate the etiology of a @entity850 . Nine of these @entity1 had histological as well as clinical outcome indicating a benign lesion. Histology was positive for @entity5 in 14 (82%) out of 17 @entity1 with clinically assumed malignant @entity850 . The etiology of the @entity850 remained obscure from a clinical point of view in two cases with negative histology for @entity5 . In twelve @entity1 (30.7%) we performed PTCS for endoscopically controlled laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bile duct stones. The procedure was successful in all @entity1 and stone fragments were delivered to the duodenum by saline lavage. Seven of these @entity1 had stones combined with a benign @entity850 and were additionally treated by long-term drainage (Yamakawa drain) for three to twelve months. Two of the seven @entity1 had no relaps of the @entity253 after a follow-up of ten and twelve months respectively. In five cases (12.8%) PTCS controlled insertion of a guide-wire was attempted after failure of the radiologically guided internalization of the percutaneous drainage. The procedure was successful in three of these @entity1 .

title: [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS)--an important supplement in diagnosis and therapy of XXXX (indications, technique and results)].

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease', 'biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary tract diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This multicentre observational study aimed to compare outcomes of anterior resection (AR) and abdominal perineal resection (APR) in @entity1 treated for @entity5 . METHODS: Between March 2006 and March 2009 a cohort of 1,598 @entity1 diagnosed with low and mid @entity5 were operated on in the first 38 hospitals included in the Spanish @entity5 Project. In 1,343 @entity1 the procedure was considered curative. Clinical and outcome results were analysed in relation to the type of surgery performed. All @entity1 were included in the analysis of clinical results. The analysis of outcomes was performed only on @entity1 treated by a curative procedure. RESULTS: Of the 1,598 @entity1 , 1,139 (71.3%) underwent an AR and 459 (28.7%) an APR. In 1,343 @entity1 the procedure was performed with curative intent; from these 973 (72.4%) had an AR and 370 (27.6%) an APR. There were no differences between AR and APR in mortality (29 vs. 18 @entity1 ; P=.141). After a median follow up of 60.0 [49.0-60.0] months there were no differences in local recurrence (HR 1.68 [0.87-3.23]; P=.12), @entity3 (HR 1.31 [0.98-1.76]; P=.064). However, overall survival was worse after APR (HR 1.37 [1.00-1.86]; P=.048). CONCLUSION: This study did not identify abdominoperineal excision as a determinant of local recurrence or @entity3 . However, @entity1 treated by this operation have a decreased overall survival.

title: Oncological results according to type of resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'Rectal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence demonstrates that stem cells maintain their identities by a unique transcription network and chromatin structure. Opposing epigenetic modifications H3K27 me3 and H3K4 me3 have been proposed to label differentiation-associated genes in stem cells, progenitor and precursor cells. In addition, many differentiation-associated genes are maintained at a poised status by recruitment of the initiative @entity18882 ( @entity18882 ) at their promoter regions, in preparation for lineage-specific expression upon differentiation. Previous studies have been performed using cultured @entity1 embryonic stem cells. To a lesser extent, chromatin structure has been delineated in other model organisms, such as @entity238 , to open new avenues for genetic analyses. RESULTS: Here we use testes isolated from a @entity238 bag of marbles mutant strain, from which germ cells are in their undifferentiated status. We use these testes to study the endogenous chromatin structure of undifferentiated cells using ChIP-seq. We integrate the ChIP-seq with RNA-seq data, which measures the digital transcriptome. Our genome-wide analyses indicate that most differentiation-associated genes in undifferentiated cells lack an active chromatin mark and initiative @entity18882 ; instead, they are associated with either the repressive H3K27 me3 mark or no detectable mark. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that most of the differentiation-associated genes in undifferentiated-cell-enriched @entity238 testes are associated with monovalent but not bivalent modifications, a chromatin signature that is distinct from the data reported in @entity1 stem or precursor cells, which may reflect cell type specificity, species specificity, or both.

title: Monovalent and unpoised status of most genes in undifferentiated cell-enriched XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We evaluated the prognostic value of @entity5 angiogenesis in node negative @entity0 (NNBC). @entity982 -embedded tissues from 87 @entity1 with NNBC were immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen, using one tissue block representative of the invasive edge of the @entity5 . Sections were scanned at low power to identify "hotspots" of angiogenesis. Microvessel (MV) counts were performed at x200 magnification, using a grid eyepiece graticule. Within each hot spot, three fields (area of field = 0.22 mm2) were counted and averaged. The highest average for a hot spot and the highest single field value was recorded for each case. @entity1 were stratified into low and high MV groups and their survival compared. There were no differences in disease-free or overall survival between the two groups whether the highest average or the highest single value was used. Microvessel counts did not correlate with other prognostic features, ie, grade, size, @entity172 receptor status, @entity1722 or accumulated @entity876 status. Because of the difficulty in assessing angiogenesis that is heterogenous throughout @entity5 , MV counting may not be suitable for clinical use as a prognostic factor in NNBC. This problem could be addressed in a prospective study involving more extensive @entity5 sampling.

title: Prognostic significance of microvessel density in lymph node negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selection of early stage @entity1149 @entity1 with a high risk of recurrence is warranted in order to select @entity1 who will benefit from adjuvant treatment strategies. We evaluated the prognostic value of integrin expression profiles in a retrospective study on frozen @entity5 of 68 @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on frozen @entity5 of 68 early stage @entity1149 @entity1 with a follow up of at least 10 years. From all @entity5 tissues, RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed into cDNA. qPCR was used to generate mRNA expression profiles including integrins @entity6927 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and V as well as integrins @entity10483 , 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8. RESULTS: The expression levels of integrins @entity10483 predicted overall survival and disease free survival in early stage NSCLC @entity1 . There was no association between integrin expression and lymph node @entity3 . Comparison between the histological subtypes revealed a distinct integrin signature for @entity957 while the profiles of @entity420 and @entity152 were largely the same. CONCLUSION: Integrin expression in NSCLC is important for the development and behavior of the @entity5 and influences the survival of the @entity1 . Determining the integrin expression profile might serve as a tool in predicting the prognosis of individual @entity1 .

title: Integrin expression profiling identifies integrin alpha5 and XXXX as prognostic factors in early stage @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity10483 :: (10678,Gene) :: ['beta1']


abstract: @entity11930 ( @entity11930 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by pigmented lesions of the skin and mucosae along with cardiac, endocrine, cutaneous, and neural @entity5 . Mutations in the @entity15144 gene have been identified in    70% of the @entity11930 cases reported worldwide. A 30-year-old male was referred to the endocrinology clinic with suspected @entity2012 . He had a history of recurrent @entity4615 for the past 8 years for which he underwent repeated surgeries. Presently, he complained of having @entity10 , excessive snoring, sweating, and also noticed increase in his shoe size. Evaluation for @entity2012 revealed elevated levels of GH in random as well as in suppressed condition. Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed enlarged sella with microadenoma in the left anterior pituitary. Screening of @entity15144 gene was carried out for the @entity1 , his parents and siblings who were available and willing to undergo the test. The @entity1 was diagnosed to have the @entity395 characterized by recurrent @entity4615 and @entity2012 due to a novel 22bp insertion mutation in @entity15144 which was predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Screening the available family members revealed the absence of this mutation in them except the elder brother who also tested positive for this mutation. The present study reports on a novel @entity15144 insertion mutation in a @entity1 with @entity2012 and left @entity4615 in @entity11930 . LEARNING POINTS: Identification of a novel deleterious @entity15144 insertion mutation causing @entity11930 .It is important that @entity1 with @entity299 be investigated for presence of endocrine overactivity suggestive of @entity11930 . @entity15144 mutation analysis should be undertaken in such cases to confirm the diagnosis in the @entity1 as well as first degree relatives.This case highlights an important aspect of diagnosis, clinical course, and management of this rare condition.

title: Rare association of @entity2012 with left XXXX in Carney's complex due to novel @entity15144 mutation.

entities_list: @entity11930 :: ('MESH:D056733', 'Disease') :: ['Carney complex', 'CNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare CNC syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['atrial myxoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13083 is a @entity395 consisting of obstruction of the common hepatic duct resulting from @entity5990 in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. Formation of a biliobiliary fistula is common, and if unrecognized at the time of surgery, may result in major @entity130 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The severity of @entity253 among Native Americans led to this retrospective review of @entity13083 to determine complications and intraoperative management. A review of 623 biliary tract operations performed from October 1990 to December 1992 identified 17 @entity1 (2.7%) with the disorder, representing a greater incidence than in non-Native American populations. RESULTS: Five @entity1 had @entity13083 with either a parallel cystic duct (2 @entity1 ) or an obliterated duct (3 @entity1 ). Twelve @entity1 had @entity13083 with a biliobiliary fistula. Cholangiograms were obtained in 12 cases. Seven @entity292 were closed primarily and 4 were closed over catheters. There were no deaths, and 4 major complications occurred, including 1 bile-duct injury. A follow-up period of 1 to 3.5 years (mean 2.5) revealed no long-term problems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13083 among the Native American population can be managed successfully by appropriate diagnostic and surgical techniques.

title: XXXX in a Native American population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity13083 :: ('MESH:D057792', 'Disease') :: ['type II Mirizzi syndrome', 'Mirizzi syndrome', 'type I Mirizzi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone impaction']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary ductal injury']

answer: @entity13083 :: (MESH:D057792,Disease) :: ['Mirizzi syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The course of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (BC) staged T1G3 is hardly predictable and treatment is subject of intensive debate. In muscle-invasive BC, the infiltrative growth pattern at the @entity5 invasion front was able to predict @entity1 ' survival, in contrast to the nodular and trabecular growth pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate this aspect in a series of primary T1G3 BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical and histopathological characteristics of @entity1 with initial T1G3 BC treated between 1990 and 2007 at a single institute were retrospectively analysed. After independent blinded reassessment by two uropathologists, 205 @entity1 were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 6.7 years (range 0.4-13.2 years). All @entity1 underwent transurethral resection of the bladder and opted for either initial cystectomy (19%) or repeat resection followed by adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) instillation therapy (81%). In total, 34% of @entity1 were cystectomized. RESULTS: The most common invasion subtype was nodular (43.9%), followed by infiltrative (42.0%) and trabecular (14.1%) growth patterns. Progression and recurrence-free survival did not differ. However, @entity5 -specific survival rate was statistically significantly worse in infiltrative (59.3%) than in nodular (91.1%) and trabecular (86.2%) subtypes. These results were detected in the @entity1 subgroups with initial radical cystectomy (p<0.01) and a primary bladder-sparing approach (p=0.02). In multivariate analysis of @entity5 in situ and growth pattern showed statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Tumour invasion pattern may be a strong predictor of @entity5 -specific survival and should be considered in counselling @entity1 in selecting appropriate therapy for T1G3 BC.

title: Prognostic value of histopathological XXXX growth patterns at the invasion front of T1G3 @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-specific survival, carcinoma', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long distance running causes acute @entity121 resulting in @entity32 and decreased force production. Endurance athletes use NSAIDs during competition to prevent or reduce @entity158 , which carries the risk of adverse effects. Tart cherries, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may have a protective effect to reduce @entity121 and @entity158 during strenuous exercise. This study aimed to assess the effects of tart cherry juice as compared to a placebo cherry drink on @entity158 among runners in a long distance relay race. METHODS: The design was a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Fifty-four healthy runners (36 male, 18 female; 35.8 +/- 9.6 yrs) ran an average of 26.3 +/- 2.5 km over a 24 hour period. @entity1 ingested 355 mL bottles of tart cherry juice or placebo cherry drink twice daily for 7 days prior to the event and on the day of the race. @entity1 assessed level of @entity158 on a standard 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, before the race, and after the race. RESULTS: While both groups reported increased @entity158 after the race, the cherry juice group reported a significantly smaller increase in @entity158 (12 +/- 18 mm) compared to the placebo group (37 +/- 20 mm) (p < .001). @entity1 in the cherry juice group were more willing to use the drink in the future (p < 0.001) and reported higher satisfaction with the @entity158 reduction they attributed to the drink (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ingesting tart cherry juice for 7 days prior to and during a strenuous running event can minimize post-run @entity925 .

title: Efficacy of tart cherry juice in reducing XXXX during running: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle pain']


abstract: @entity238 @entity23276 and its homologues act as part of a complex with a kinesin-like protein ( @entity23277 /Zen-4) that is essential for the formation of the central spindle and completion of cytokinesis [Mishima, M., Kaitna, S. _ Glotzer, M. (2002) @entity23278 . Cell 2, 41-54; Somers, W. G. _ Saint, R. (2003) @entity23278 . Cell 4, 29-39; Jantsch-Plunger et al. (2000) J. Cell Biol. 149, 1391-1404]. We report here that @entity23276 corresponds to the tumbleweed (tum) gene previously identified based on its defects in dendrite development of sensory neurons [Gao, F. B., Brenman, J. E., Jan, L. Y. _ Jan, Y. N. (1999) Genes @entity23278 . 13, 2549-2561]. Using mushroom body neurogenesis and morphogenesis as a model, we show that Tumbleweed (Tum), @entity23277 , and their association are required for neuroblast proliferation. Tum with a mutation predicted to disrupt the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity still largely retains its activity in regulating cell division but is impaired in its activity to limit axon growth. We also provide evidence that Tum and @entity23277 regulate the subcellular localization of each other in postmitotic neurons and that cytoplasmic accumulation of both proteins disrupts axon development in a GAP-dependent manner. Taken together with previous studies of @entity23276 in regulating cytokinesis, we propose that Tum serves as a scaffolding protein in regulating cell division but acts as a GAP to limit axon growth in postmitotic neurons.

title: Function and regulation of Tumbleweed ( XXXX ) in neuroblast proliferation and neuronal morphogenesis.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity23276 :: (36538(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['RacGAP50C']


abstract: @entity3154 (Tl) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after @entity4341 infusion (0.56 mg/kg) was performed in 23 @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and in seven @entity1 with HCM simulating @entity384 (HCM-DCM) to clarify the mechanism and clinical significance of decreased coronary vasodilatory reserve. The coronary vasodilatory reserve in the @entity1184 area assessed by SPECT was compared with the findings of echocardiography, left ventriculography and endomyocardial biopsy. 1. Eleven @entity1 with @entity1121 had no perfusion defects in the @entity1184 area (group I), but the other 12 @entity1 (52.2%) had such defects (group II). All seven @entity1 with HCM-DCM had perfusion defects in the anterior or septal walls (group III). Redistribution was observed in 11 of the 12 @entity1 in group II and in three of the seven @entity1 in group III. 2. The regional washout rate was relatively low in the upper septum in group II and in the anterior wall and upper septum in group III. Thus, coronary vasodilatory reserve in the @entity1184 area was decreased in groups II and III. 3. Echocardiographically, the degree of @entity1184 did not differ between groups I and II, but the latter had significantly greater left ventricular diastolic dimension (42.3 mm vs 49.5 mm: p less than 0.05) and lower percent fractional shortening (%FS) (43.7% vs 35.6%: p less than 0.05). However, group III showed thinner left ventricular wall, much greater diastolic dimension (60.9 mm vs 49.5 mm: p less than 0.05), and lower %FS (24.0% vs 35.6%: p less than 0.05) than did those of group II. 4. On left ventriculography, those in group II showed larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (93.9 ml/m2 vs 79.7 ml/m2: p less than 0.05) than that of group I. Left ventricular ejection fraction showed the same tendency, but this was not statistically significant. 5. On endomyocardial biopsy, the specimens of the @entity1 in group II had significantly higher percent @entity82 than did those of group I (11.4% vs 6.8%: p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the mechanism of decreased coronary vasodilatory reserve in the @entity1184 area may be related to @entity296 , and this decrease may induce @entity1002 and compensatory dilatation.

title: [ XXXX assessed by dipyridamole thallium single photon emission computed tomography: comparisons with @entity1121 with a dilated heart].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy', 'HNCM']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity272 characterized by epidermal keratinocyte hyperproliferation in association with a cellular infiltrate. There is evidence that activated T cells play a role in psoriatic plaque formation. We examined the T-cell receptor beta-chain variable gene segment (V beta) use of epidermal T cells in shave biopsies of @entity75 . Our results show increased expression of V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 messages in the @entity405 +, but not CD4+, T cells in the lesions of a majority of @entity1 studied. Sequence analysis of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of these two V beta genes from the skin demonstrated monoclonality or marked oligoclonality. A second biopsy from the same or different lesions, performed 3.5-8 months later in four @entity1 , again revealed increased V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 expression and clonality. Moreover, in three of the four @entity1 , the same V beta CDR3 rearrangement was found in both biopsies, although there was no V beta CDR3 homology between @entity1 . In two @entity1 in which V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 was not increased, an increase in V beta 17 gene use and clonality was found. The clonality of V beta sequence data indicates these cells are recruited and expanded in situ. The persistence of V beta 3-and/or V beta 13.1-bearing @entity405 + T cells in lesions that did not undergo resolution suggests their role as effector cells rather than as regulatory cells.

title: XXXX + T cells in @entity75 preferentially use T-cell receptor V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 genes.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin disorder']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risks and population attributable risks of @entity43 associated with family histories of @entity5 at several sites. METHODS: A matched case-control analytic study (662 cases, 2647 controls), employing the Utah Population Database, a genealogy of approximately 1 million individuals linked to @entity5 incidence data from the Utah Cancer Registry. Family history was assessed using kinship order and a kinship-weighted familial standardized incidence ratio statistic. RESULTS: Family histories of ovarian, uterine, breast, and @entity788 were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity43 . The relative risk of @entity43 was 4.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35 to 7.90) for @entity1 with a first-degree relative with @entity43 , 2.12 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.78) for @entity1 with an affected second-degree relative, and 1.48 (95% CI, 0.98 to 2.24) for @entity1 with an affected third-degree relative. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.93) for those with the highest familial standardized incidence ratio. No age differences were observed between cases with and without a family history of @entity43 . There was substantial heterogeneity of family history effects by cell type. Increased parity was not protective among @entity1 with a strong family history of @entity5 at the sites studied (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.38 to 3.26), although it was protective among @entity1 without a family history of these @entity5 (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity43 was substantially increased among @entity1 with family histories of ovarian, uterine, pancreatic, and, to a lesser degree, @entity0 . Among @entity1 with family histories of any of these @entity5 , the risk of @entity43 is not diminished by high parity.

title: The impact of family history on XXXX risk. The Utah Population Database.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The role of surgical resection in the treatment of metastatic @entity43 originating from @entity14 ( @entity14 ) remains uncertain. We sought to identify a subgroup of @entity1 who would benefit from surgical resection. METHODS: We analyzed the clinicopathological and follow-up data on 34 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of metastatic @entity43 originating from @entity14 . RESULTS: Synchronous @entity43 was detected in 27 @entity1 (79.4%) and metachronous @entity3 in 7 (20.6%). The histologic type of the primary @entity14 was @entity420 in 26 @entity1 (76.5%), @entity189 in 7 (20.6%), and @entity2580 in 1 (2.9%). Complete cytoreduction was possible in 11 @entity1 (32.4%). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 25.1%. The median OS time was 19 months (range, 2-64 months) in all @entity1 , and 36 months (range, 10-64 months) in @entity1 who underwent complete cytoreduction. Cox's proportional hazards analysis showed that unilateral @entity43 (relative risk [RR], 0.405; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.171-0.959) and @entity3 confined to the pelvic cavity (RR, 0.165; 95% CI, 0.031-0.878) were significantly associated with favorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection may be beneficial in selected @entity1 with @entity43 arising from @entity14 , when @entity3 is limited to the pelvis.

title: Role of surgery in the treatment of ovarian metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We carried out a retrospective review of 47 @entity7334 of the calcaneum treated by open reduction and internal fixation in 45 @entity1 by a single surgeon between 1993 and 2001. The @entity174 were evaluated before operation by plain radiographs and a CT scan using Sanders' classification. Osteosynthesis involved a lateral approach and the use of the AO calcaneal plate. The mean follow-up was for ten years (7 to 15). Clinical assessment included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), the Creighton-Nebraska Score, the Kerr, Prothero, Atkins Score and the SF-36 Health Questionnaire. The radiological evaluation consisted of lateral and axial views of the os calcis. Arthritic changes in the subtalar joint were assessed with an internal oblique view and were graded using the Morrey and Wiedeman scale. There were 18 excellent (38.3%), 17 good (36.2%), three fair (6.3%) and nine poor (19.2%) results. Five @entity1 had a superficial wound infection and five others eventually had a subtalar arthrodesis because of continuing @entity158 . Restoration of B  hler's angle was associated with a better outcome. The degree of @entity2720 did not correlate with the outcome scores or Sanders' classification. Prompt osteosynthesis should be considered for @entity7334 of the calcaneum in order to restore the shape of the hindfoot and B  hler's angle.

title: Osteosynthesis of displaced XXXX of the calcaneum: a long-term review of 47 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic change in the subtalar joint']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular fractures']


abstract: In @entity238 , over 50 genes have been identified in which loss-of-function mutations lead to excess cell proliferation in the embryo, in the central nervous system, imaginal discs or hematopoietic organs of the larva, or in the adult gonads. Twenty-two of these genes have been cloned and characterized at the molecular level, and nine of them show clear homology to @entity1 genes. Most of these @entity1 genes had not been previously implicated in cell proliferation control. Overgrowth in some of the mutants involves conversion to a cell type that, in normal development, shows more cell proliferation than the original cell type. Thus the neurogenic mutants, including Notch, show conversion of epidermal cells to neuroblasts, leading to the 'neurogenic' phenotype of excess nervous tissue. The @entity43 mutants show conversion of the female germ line to a cell type resembling the male germ line, which undergoes more proliferation than the female germ line. Mutations of the fat locus cause hyperplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs, in which the epithelial structure is largely intact. The predicted fat protein product is a giant relative of cadherins, supporting indications from @entity1 @entity5 that cadherins play an important role in @entity5 suppression. Mutations in the lethal(2)giant larvae and lethal(1)discs large genes cause neoplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs as well as the larval brain. The dlg gene encodes a membrane-associated guanylate kinase homolog that is localized at septate junctions between epithelial cells. This protein is a member of a family of homologs that also includes two proteins found at @entity1 tight junctions ( @entity19171 ) and a protein found at @entity1 synaptic junctions ( @entity16689 / @entity16689 ). Genes in which mutations cause blood cell overproduction include aberrant immune response-8, which encodes the @entity19172 ribosomal protein and hopscotch, which encodes a putative non-receptor protein @entity669 kinase. The gene products identified by @entity43 mutants do not show clear @entity535 sequence homology to known proteins. @entity238 provides an opportunity to rapidly identify and characterize @entity5 suppressor genes, many of which have @entity1 homologs that might also be involved in cell proliferation control and @entity5 suppression.

title: @entity238 in @entity5 research: the first fifty XXXX suppressor genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-term medical management of @entity302 drop attacks is usually unsatisfactory and more effective antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens are needed. The present study aimed at providing proof of concept that previously refractory @entity302 drop attacks could be significantly and safely controlled by the specific combination of @entity1092 , @entity2812 , and a @entity1245 . METHODS: An open label trial providing class IV evidence of efficacy, including 32 @entity1 with cryptogenic/symptomatic, generalized or multifocal @entity302 , and refractory drop attacks. Following baseline, the combination under study was introduced and @entity1 followed for 12 months. Frequency of drop attacks was compared at 3-month intervals with that during baseline and correlated with clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and imaging variables. A list of putative side effects was read to @entity1 and caregivers at each visit. KEY FINDINGS: Four @entity1 were excluded, one due to a @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ). Median number of drop attacks decreased 96% between baseline and the fourth trimester of the study (from 50 to 2; p<0,001). Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that 15 @entity1 (47%) had complete control, 7 (21%) had a 75% and 5 (15%) had a 50-74% reduction in the frequency of falls in the fourth trimester. Twenty-two @entity1 (68%) had side effects, but except for the three excluded because of @entity1910 , caregivers did not consider discontinuation. Mean final dose of @entity1092 was 35.9 mg/kg/day and that of @entity2812 4.9 mg/kg/day. Twenty @entity1 used clobazam, eight @entity11672 , and the other four @entity2053 as the elected @entity1245 . Outcome did not correlate with clinical, EEG, and imaging variables. SIGNIFICANCE: This open label study suggests that the combination of @entity1092 , @entity2812 , and a @entity1245 can markedly reduce the frequency of @entity302 drop attacks in @entity1 with generalized or multifocal @entity302 . Careful clinical monitoring for early signs of @entity6715 is needed.

title: Long-term control of @entity302 drop attacks with the combination of @entity1092 , XXXX , and a @entity1245 : a 'proof of concept,' open label study.

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['early rash']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity11672 :: ('MESH:D009567', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment and protection of wounds in @entity1641 can be challenging; protecting bandages may be difficult to apply on the proximal extremities and the body. Unprotected wounds carry an increased risk of bacterial contamination and subsequent infection which can lead to delayed wound @entity446 . Topical treatment with antimicrobials is one possibility to prevent @entity2348 , but the frequent use of antimicrobials ultimately leads to development of bacterial resistance which is an increasing concern in both @entity1 and veterinary medicine. METHODS: Standardized wounds were created in 10 Standardbred mares. Three wounds were made in each @entity1641 . Two wounds were randomly treated with LHP   or petrolatum and the third wound served as untreated control. All wounds were assessed daily until complete epithelization. Protocol data were recorded on day 2, 6, 11, 16, 21 and 28. Data included clinical scores for @entity32 and @entity446 , photoplanimetry for calculating wound areas and swab cytology to assess bacterial colonization and @entity32 . Bacterial cultures were obtained on day 2, 6 and 16. RESULTS: Mean time to complete @entity446 for LHP   treated wounds was 32 days (95%CI=26.9-37.7). Mean time to complete @entity446 for petrolatum and untreated control wounds were 41.6 days (95%CI=36.2-47.0) and 44.0 days (95%CI=38.6-49.4) respectively. Wound @entity446 occurred significantly faster in LHP   wounds compared to both petrolatum (p=0.0004) and untreated controls (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in time for @entity446 between petrolatum and untreated controls. Total scores for bacteria and neutrophils were significantly (p<0.0001) lower for LHP   treated wounds compared to petrolatum from day 16 and onwards. @entity794 and @entity11674 were only found in cultures from petrolatum treated wounds and untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with LHP   reduced bacterial colonization and was associated with earlier complete wound @entity446 . LHP   cream appears to be safe and effective for topical wound treatment or wound protection.

title: Evaluation of LHP   (1% hydrogen peroxide) cream versus petrolatum and untreated controls in open wounds in healthy XXXX : a randomized, blinded control study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial colonization or infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus zooepidemicus']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public access @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) can save lives, but most deaths from out-of-hospital sudden @entity1167 occur at home. The @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) found no survival advantage for adding a home AED to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for 7,001 @entity1 with a prior anterior wall @entity583 . Quality of life (QOL) outcomes for both the @entity1 and spouse/companion were secondary end points. METHODS: A subset of 1,007 study @entity1 and their spouse/companions was randomly selected for ascertainment of QOL by structured interview at baseline and 12 and 24 months after enrollment. The primary QOL measures were the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form psychological well-being (reflecting @entity148 and @entity308 ) and vitality (reflecting energy and fatigue) subscales. RESULTS: For @entity1 and spouse/companions, the psychological well-being and vitality scales did not differ significantly between those randomly assigned an AED plus CPR training and controls who received CPR training only. None of the other QOL measures collected showed a clinically and statistically significant difference between treatment groups. @entity1 in the AED group were more likely to report being extremely or quite a bit reassured by their treatment assignment. Spouse/companions in the AED group reported being less often nervous about the possibility of using AED/CPR treatment than those in the CPR group. CONCLUSIONS: Adding access to a home AED to CPR training did not affect QOL either for @entity1 with a prior @entity583 or their spouse/companion but did provide more reassurance to the @entity1 without increasing @entity148 for spouse/companions.

title: Quality of life effects of @entity4610 in the home: results from the @entity4610 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial', 'HAT', 'automatic external defibrillators', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity4610 :: (MESH:D009886,Disease) :: ['HAT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity288 are a standard component of the treatment of @entity981 and @entity981 . Our aim was to determine whether @entity619 results in a better outcome than @entity617 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity981 or @entity981 were randomized to receive, as part of their induction therapy on days 1-8 and 15-22, either @entity619 8 mg/m(2) or @entity617 60 mg/m(2). Those who reached complete remission were given two courses of consolidation therapy with high-dose @entity2592 and @entity2664 and @entity1499 and asparaginase. Subsequently @entity1 younger than 50 years, with a suitable donor, were to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation, whereas the others were planned to receive either an autologous stem cell transplant or high-dose maintenance chemotherapy with prophylactic central nervous system irradiation. Randomization was done with a minimization technique. The primary endpoint was event-free survival and the analyses was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Between August 1995 and October 2003, 325 @entity1 between 15 to 72 years of age were randomized to receive either @entity619 (163 @entity1 ) or @entity617 (162 @entity1 ). After induction and the course of first consolidation therapy, 131 (80.4%) @entity1 in the @entity619 group and 124 (76.5%) in the @entity617 group achieved complete remission. No significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups with regards to 6-year event-free survival rates (+/-SE) which were 25.9% (3.6%) and 28.7% (3.5%) in the @entity619 and @entity617 groups, respectively (P=0.82, hazard ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.25). Disease-free survival after complete remission was also similar in the @entity619 and @entity617 groups, the 6-year rates being 32.3% and 37.5%, respectively (hazard ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.40). The 6-year cumulative incidences of relapse were 49.8% and 53.5% (Gray's test: P=0.30) while the 6-year cumulative incidences of @entity204 were 18% and 9% (Gray's test: P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: In the ALL-4 trial in adult @entity1 with @entity981 or @entity981 , treatment with @entity619 did not show any advantage over treatment with @entity617 .

title: @entity619 compared to @entity617 for adults with XXXX or @entity981 : final results of the ALL-4 randomized, phase III trial of the EORTC Leukemia Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postlaryngectomy @entity850 formation and @entity1282 negatively affect quality of life and result in nutritional compromise. Understanding risk factors and successful treatment strategies may improve treatment outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 at a tertiary care center who underwent a total laryngectomy between 2003 and 2009 (N = 263) were evaluated in a retrospective manner. @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, @entity286 and @entity167 usage, dietary outcomes, feeding tube dependence, and treatment modalities were assessed. Management strategies and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Strictures developed in 19% (n = 49) of @entity1 , and the majority (82%) occurred in the first year. Incidences of @entity850 formation were similar for primary (19%) and salvage laryngectomy (19%) @entity1 . @entity1 undergoing salvage laryngectomy were 2 times more likely to be reconstructed with a free flap, whereas those undergoing a primary laryngectomy were 3 times more likely to be closed primarily. Tubed flap reconstruction significantly increased the incidence of @entity850 formation compared to primary closure (P = .02) in salvage laryngectomy cases. In primary laryngectomy @entity1 , @entity850 formation did not correlate with flap reconstruction (P = .34) or adjuvant radiation therapy (P = .79). @entity1 who required a single dilation had better dietary outcomes compared to @entity1 who required serial dilations (P = .14). There was no difference in overall disease-free survival in primary vs salvage laryngectomy @entity1 (P = .95). CONCLUSION: Rates of @entity850 formation were the same in @entity1 undergoing salvage compared to primary total laryngectomy.

title: Incidence and outcomes of XXXX formation postlaryngectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stricture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the results with primary stenting using the @entity8109  g   EverFlex 200-mm-long self-expanding @entity5648 stent (ev3 Endovascular Inc, Plymouth, Minn) in femoropopliteal TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) C and D lesions of at least 150 mm in length. METHODS: Between March 2008 and June 2009, 100 @entity1 (66 @entity1 ) presenting with 100 symptomatic TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions were treated with at least one 200-mm-long @entity8109  g   EverFlex stent. The intention of this study was to treat all lesions with as few stents as possible. The primary study end point was primary patency at 12 months, defined as the absence of hemodynamically significant @entity850 on duplex ultrasound imaging (systolic velocity ratio <2.4) at the @entity75 and without @entity75 revascularization (TLR)  <=12 months. Stent @entity174 occurrence was assessed at the 12-month follow-up by conventional x-ray imaging. RESULTS: Average @entity1 age was 70 years. Preoperative symptom assessment reported 71 @entity1 (71%) had claudication vs 29 (29%) with @entity63 . Average lesion length was 242 mm (range, 160-450 mm), and 27 @entity1 (27%) presented with popliteal involvement. A total of 158 @entity8109  g   EverFlex stents were used to treat 100 lesions. Kaplan-Meier estimation reported a 12-month freedom from @entity75 revascularization of 68.2% and a primary patency rate of 64.8%. Stent @entity174 occurred in six @entity1 (6.0%) when x-ray images taken immediately after the procedure were compared with those taken after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our Durability-200 study show an acceptable primary patency rate after 1 year was obtained in this @entity1 cohort with TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions.

title: Results of the XXXX  g   EverFlex 200-mm-long @entity5648 stent (ev3) in TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity8109 :: (6534,Gene) :: ['Prot']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This clinical study assesses the diagnostic and therapeutic problems entailed in so-called @entity344 . Summary back ground data: the topic presents numerous, still unresolved, issues: classification (its clinical presentation and classification); anatomo-pathological identification; diagnosis and localization; treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity548 ; long-term outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 , equally distributed between both sexes an with a mean age of 54 years (range = 23-75), were observed and operated over a nearly 20 year period. All @entity1 had acute @entity548 localized to the stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon and rectum. Diagnosis and localization were previously obtained in nine @entity1 , mostly using selective angiography. With the exception of two rectal localizations treated with embolization, all @entity1 underwent surgical resection. In two cases operated on without previous diagnosis, (rebleeding occurred). CONCLUSION: The data available in the literature are broadly substantiated, even if the mean age reported seems somewhat lower (54 yrs). Localizations were detected in nearly all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, and the indication to surgical resection possibly after detection of the @entity2817 and source of @entity548 is confirmed. The best diagnostic technique is selective angiography.

title: [13 cases of XXXX of the digestive system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal angiodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

answer: @entity2817 :: (MESH:D016888,Disease) :: ['angiodysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to diagnose @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) in outpatients with unexplained chronic @entity1353 and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in this population using invasive pressure-volume loop analysis. BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of HFPEF in stable outpatients with unexplained @entity1353 is difficult. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (age 67 +/- 8.6 years, 27% males) with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (>50%) and unexplained chronic New York Heart Association functional class II to III @entity1353 underwent heart catheterization. @entity1 with significant @entity3979 (>50%) were excluded. Pressure-volume loops were assessed using a conductance catheter at rest, hand-grip exercise, leg lifting, and @entity1854 and @entity452 infusion. RESULTS: Twenty (66%) @entity1 showed LV end-diastolic pressure >16 mm Hg (HFPEF), whereas the remaining 10 @entity1 served as controls. @entity1 with HFPEF had significantly higher end-diastolic @entity2693 (0.205 +/- 0.074 vs. 0.102 +/- 0.017, p < 0.001) at rest, and their end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship showed a consistent upward and leftward shift during all hemodynamic interventions compared with controls. Regarding the underlying mechanism of HFPEF, 14 (70%) @entity1 had markedly increased end-diastolic @entity2693 , which was considered a sufficient single pathology to induce increased LV end-diastolic pressure. Four (20%) @entity1 showed a concomitant presence of moderately increased @entity2693 and severe @entity1002 , and the remaining 2 (10%) @entity1 , with normal @entity2693 , showed significant exercise-induced @entity339 at hand-grip exercise. If the invasive pressure measurements were absent, only 5 (25%) of the outpatients with HFPEF fulfilled the European Society of Cardiology definition of HFPEF. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of stable outpatients with unexplained chronic @entity1353 may have HFPEF. In the @entity1 whom we studied, increased LV @entity2693 , dyssynchrony, and @entity339 were the major mechanisms underlying development of HFPEF.

title: @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction in outpatients with unexplained XXXX : a pressure-volume loop analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'dynamic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: After repair of coarctation, exercise testing was performed in 20 @entity1 with an @entity1498 (group I) and in 26 with additional @entity299 (group II). Ages at time of operation were significantly different in both groups (7.9 +/- 6.0 years in group I; 4.6 +/- 3.8 years in group II; p less than or equal to 0.01). Simultaneous blood pressures were obtained from upper and lower limbs at rest and after exercise. There was no significant difference regarding the systolic blood pressures at rest (122.5 +/- 15.6 mmHg in group I versus 119 +/- 15.8 mmHg in group II). Seven (14%) of the @entity1 were @entity101 ; five of them had blood pressure gradients between arms and legs of 15-45 mmHg. But the gradients at rest were found to be significantly different in both groups (9.0 +/- 10.5 mmHg in group I; 18.5 +/- 16.1 mmHg in group II; p less than or equal to 0.05). Six @entity1 , all in group II, had gradients greater than or equal to 30 mmHg at rest. After exercise there were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure and gradients in both groups. Values for blood pressures and gradients at rest and after exercise showed a positive correlation (blood pressure r = 0.76, p less than or equal to 0.001; gradient r = 0.44, p less than or equal to 0.01). Thus exercise testing can provide valuable information about blood pressure and gradient changes during physical activity, but angiography is required to reveal @entity850 .

title: Exercise testing after surgical repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['isolated coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis or residual stenosis']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: Results from case-control studies and prospective studies suggest that diet is involved in the @entity5 either as initiator, promoter or inhibitor of @entity105 . Available data are not sufficient to serve as a basis for firm specific dietary advice. In the present situation it is attractive to investigate available hypotheses within the frame work of intervention trials. The @entity652 appears to be one of the most appropriate end point of intervention studies. Several arguments indicate that the @entity2513 sequence is a multistep process. @entity14 could possibly be prevented by intervening in the development of a small @entity652 or in the growth into a large @entity652 . Four intervention trials have been published so far. One of them suggest a protective effect of antioxidants vitamins on @entity652 and three of them conclude to the absence of effect of these vitamins. A protective effect of @entity11884 on @entity652 has also been suggested. Three studies are currently evaluating the effect of @entity460 supplementation on @entity652 or growth of @entity460 supplementation, three studies the effect of fibre supplements, two studies the effect of antioxidants (one of them with @entity460 ) and two studies the effect of diet intervention. The results of these studies will be available within three years.

title: [Primary prevention of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['causation of large bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma recurrence', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity3 is specific for @entity5 and its control is one of the most important problems in the design of therapies for @entity5 @entity1 . Loss or reduction of @entity5962 expression and/or @entity3546 expression plays a casual role in @entity5 progression and @entity3 and is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of the study is to investigate the expression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 and their significance as independent prognostic markers in imprints of resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Imprint smears from 70 @entity1 who underwent surgical lung resection for @entity189 were studied. As control group was used imprints of physiological tissues. Histologically 47 (67.1%) of the @entity5 were @entity957 and 23 (32.9%) were @entity420 . @entity5 stage was I in 29 (41.4%), II in 13 (18.6%), III in 24 (34.3%) and IV in 4 (5.7%). Positive expression for @entity5962 was observed in 44.29% of malignant smears vs 85.71% for control group (P = 0.011). For @entity3546 , positive expression was observed in 42.86% malignant cases vs 85.71% for control group (P = 0.008). Positive expression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 was observed in moderate and well differentiated @entity5 (P < 0.0001 for both respectively). Positive @entity5962 and @entity3546 expression was observed in 70.6% and 76.5% of the cases with negative lymphnode @entity3 (P < 0.0001 for both respectively). There was no statistically significant association between histological type, @entity5 stage, @entity3 , @entity5 size (P > 0.05 for all) and @entity5962 / @entity3546 expression.Reduced @entity5962 or @entity3546 negative expression relates to dedifferentiation and progression of @entity1149 .

title: The value of @entity5962 / XXXX expression in imprints of NCSLC: relationship with clinicopathological factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: We investigated the impact of @entity793 and @entity1069 the immunoglobulin content of prostatic fluid. Using an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay, we assayed samples of @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ) from 20 @entity1 with no histories of @entity793 and from 13 @entity1 with histories of culture proven @entity793 for IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations. Five of the bacteriuric @entity1 had culture proven bacterial @entity1069 . The concentrations of each immunoglobulin varied widely and were unrelated to age, race, history of urologic instrumentation, presence of @entity1067 , leukocyte content of @entity1069 or @entity1069 aerobic bacterial culture results. The mean concentration of IgG for samples from the bacteriuric @entity1 , 44.3 mg/ml., was similar to that of the uninfected @entity1 , 58.4 mg./dl. (p less than 0.5). The mean concentrations of IgA and IgM for samples from the bacteriuric @entity1 , 89.2 and 1.44 mg./dl., respectively, were greater than those of the uninfected @entity1 , 25.2 and 0.95 mg./dl., respectively. These differences, however, did not achieve statistical significance, p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.3, respectively. However, the mean ratio of IgA:IgG for samples from the bacteriuric @entity1 , 1.67, was significantly greater than that of the uninfected @entity1 , 0.34 (p less than 0.005). The fraction of IgA in the form of secretory IgA was greater than 60 per cent for samples obtained from both the uninfected and bacteriuric @entity1 . These data suggest that @entity793 is associated with increased secretion of IgA in the prostatic fluid.

title: Immunologic response of the prostate to @entity793 and XXXX . Immunoglobulin concentrations in prostatic fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis', 'bacterial prostatitis on', 'EPS', 'expressed prostatic secretion']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['bacterial prostatitis. I']


abstract: Lines of @entity19 which have been genetically differentiated in litter size at birth and 6-week body weight by single-trait or index selection were randomly assigned to be reared in @entity16843 ( @entity16843 ) of N8, N12 or N16. The lines were selected as follows: large litter size (L+), large 6-week body weight (W+), selection index to decrease litter size and increase 6-week body weight (L-W+), selection index to increase litter size and decrease 6-week weight (L+W-) and random selection (K). Line and @entity16843 differences in female body weight at weaning and 6 weeks were significant (P less than .05), with W+ greater than L+ greater than L-W+ greater than K greater than L+W- and N8 greater than N12 greaater than N16. Although there was a significant interaction between line and @entity16843 , ranking of the lines was the same at each @entity16843 . Females of each line by @entity16843 group were exposed to males of the same group. Line and @entity16843 differences (P less than .05) in female body weight at copulatory plug, adjusted for age, exhibited the same rankings as the earlier weights. Litter size at birth (dead plus alive), number born alive and number born alive per female exposed each revealed similar differences (P less than .05) in the ranking of lines and @entity16843 . No significant interactions were found. Means for litter size were as follows for each line: L+ (17.4) greater than [W+ (14.1), L+W- (14.3)] greater than K (12.0) greater than L-W+ (10.8), and for each @entity16843 : [N8 (14.0), N12 (13.9)] greater than N16 (13.2). The decline in litter size as @entity16843 increased did not differ significantly from linearity. Adjusting litter size for body weight at copulatory plug eliminated the significant effect of @entity16843 [N8 (13.9), N12 (13.7), N16 (13.4)]. The established genetic differences in litter size among lines due to selection were considerably larger than the maternal environmental effect due to postnatal litter size. Because of the negligible interaction between line and @entity16843 , valid inferences concerning genetic differences among lines in litter size may be made at any postnatal litter size between eight and 16.

title: Genetic and maternal environmental factors influencing litter size and reproductive efficiency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16843 :: ('MESH:D019052', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'postnatal litter sizes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Spirituality and religiousness have been shown to be highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity161 . This study assesses the predictive value of helpful vs. harmful use of religion to cope with @entity161 or @entity1316 at 3 years. From an initial cohort of 115 outpatients, 80% were reassessed for positive, negative and general symptoms, clinical global impression, social adaptation and quality of life. For @entity1 with helpful religion at baseline, the importance of spirituality was predictive of fewer negative symptoms, better clinical global impression, social functioning and quality of life. The frequencies of religious practices in community and support from religious community had no effect on outcome. For @entity1 with harmful religion at baseline, no relationships were elicited. This result may be due to sample size. Indeed, helpful spiritual/religious coping concerns 83% of @entity1 , whereas harmful spiritual/religious coping concerns only 14% of @entity1 . Our study shows that helpful use of spirituality is predictive of a better outcome. Spirituality may facilitate recovery by providing resources for coping with symptoms. In some cases, however, spirituality and religiousness are a source of suffering. Helpful vs. harmful spiritual/religious coping appears to be of clinical significance.

title: Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in XXXX and @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['schizo-affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression profiles in unaffected colon mucosa and @entity1127 tissue from @entity1 with unifocal @entity1586 to investigate the potential mucosa impairment in normal-appearing colon mucosa from these @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS @entity1586 @entity1 were prospectively recruited. We obtained colon biopsies from the normal-appearing sites and @entity1127 tissue through colonoscopy. Gene expression analysis was performed using microarrays. Gene ontology and clustering were evaluated by bioinformatics. RESULTS We detected a total of 711 genes (274 up-regulated and 437 down-regulated) in @entity1127 tissue and 256 genes (170 up-regulated and 86 down-regulated) in normal-appearing colon mucosa, with at least a 3-fold of change compared to healthy controls. Heatmapping of the gene expression showed similar gene alteration patterns between unaffected colon mucosa and @entity1127 tissue. Gene ontology analyses confirmed the overlapped molecular functions and pathways of altered gene expression between unaffected colon mucosa and @entity1127 tissue from @entity1 with unifocal @entity1586 . The most significantly altered genes in normal-appearing tissues in @entity1127 @entity1 include immune response, external side of plasma membrane, nucleus, and cellular response to @entity219 ion. CONCLUSIONS Significant gene expression alterations exist in unaffected colon mucosa from @entity1 with unifocal @entity1586 . Unaffected colon mucosa and @entity1127 tissue share great similarity and overlapping of altered gene expression profiles, indicating the potential possibility of recurrence of @entity1586 due to underlying molecular abnormalities of colon mucosa in these @entity1 .

title: Aberrant Gene Expression Profile of Unaffected Colon Mucosa from @entity1 with Unifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps', 'Colon polyp', 'colon polyp']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['Colon Polyp']


abstract: We describe a surgeon, nursing, and @entity1 -friendly method of treating acute pyogenic @entity2762 using a 2-incision, closed sheath irrigation method and postoperative usage of a continuous marcaine ON-Q @entity158 pump. The advantages of this technique include the ease of catheter placement intraoperatively and the use of a smaller diameter tubing within the flexor sheath. In addition, this technique eliminates the need for nursing staff to perform irrigation, and most importantly, the technique results in improved @entity282 control allowing an early aggressive postoperative therapy protocol. We retrospectively reviewed 9 @entity1 with an average age of 42.8 years (range: 20 to 66 y) who presented with acute pyogenic flexor @entity2762 . All @entity1 underwent surgery on the day of presentation to us with the described technique with the catheter left in place for 2 days. Outcome measurements included length of hospital stay, final range of motion, recurrence of @entity281 . Average hospital stay was 2.8 days (range: 2 to 6 d). There were no recurrent infections. Seven @entity1 regained full total active motion of the involved digit. The 2 @entity1 with incomplete recovery of digital motion regained 125 and 105 degrees of total active motion, respectively. In addition, there were 3 minor complications including cold intolerance (2 @entity1 ) and @entity39 that responded to local wound care (1 @entity1 ). This novel method of managing @entity697 seems to be safe, effective, and very friendly for surgeons, nurses as well as @entity1 . Intraoperative pearls for catheter placement using a 22-guage wire inside a musical sharp5 pediatric French feeding tube are also described.

title: Use of continuous marcaine irrigation in the management of suppurative flexor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute flexor tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['local skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, and complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity2762 :: (MESH:D013717,Disease) :: ['tenosynovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After radical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), local recurrence may benefit from definitive local therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and short-term biochemical results and morbidity after salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity263 recurrence after EBRT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 2006 46 @entity1 were treated with HIFU. Bone scan and abdominal CT/MRI scan were negative. Median follow-up was 9 months (range 3-24 months). RESULTS: The median @entity1486 (PSA) nadir was 0.3 ng/ml (range 0-24 ng/ml). Eighteen @entity1 (39.1%) were classified as failures. In addition, there were four @entity1 (8.7%) with post-HIFU PSA nadir > 0.5 ng/ml. No @entity1 died during follow-up. One @entity1 developed urethrorectal fistulae and was successfully treated conservatively. Two @entity1 developed urethrocutaneous fistulae. Seven @entity1 (15.2%) and one @entity1 (2.1%) developed grade 2 and grade 3 @entity322 , respectively. Seven @entity1 (15.2%) had erectile function sufficient for intercourse pre-HIFU and only two @entity1 (4.3%) post-HIFU. CONCLUSIONS: Early results of salvage HIFU in @entity1 with local recurrence of @entity263 after radical EBRT indicate the procedure to be a reasonable treatment option, but better @entity1 selection criteria are needed. The side-effects are not negligible.

title: A prospective study of salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound for locally radiorecurrent XXXX : early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['local prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily that controls multiple functions in a variety of cells. We have previously shown that @entity1 optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes and lamina cribrosa (LC) cells express @entity6861 and @entity6861 receptor mRNA and proteins. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether @entity1 ONH tissues express the canonical @entity6861 signaling pathway and whether ONH cells secrete @entity13062 and respond to exogenous @entity13062 through this pathway. METHODS: Well-characterized @entity1 ONH astrocytes (N = 2) and LC cells (N = 3) were treated with exogenous @entity13062 (20 ng/mL) for various times. Western immunoblot analysis was used to detect secreted @entity13062 in serum-free conditioned media of ONH cells and in @entity1 ONH tissues (N = 4) and Smad proteins in total cell lysate of ONH cells and tissues. Intracellular colocalization of p-R- @entity7378 with Co- @entity1594 and localization of inhibitory Smads (e.g., I- @entity14607 and I- @entity8110 ) were studied through immunocytochemistry. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction of p-R- @entity7378 with Co- @entity1594 . RESULTS: ONH astrocytes and LC cells secrete @entity13062 and synthesize R- @entity7378 , R- @entity14608 , I- @entity14607 , I- @entity8110 , and Co- @entity1594 proteins. Exposure to @entity13062 for either 10 or 60 minutes resulted in increased p-R- @entity7378 and p-R- @entity7378 /5/8 protein levels that declined after 12 hours of treatment. Immunocytochemistry and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that p-R- @entity7378 /5/8 and Co- @entity1594 interact and colocalize in the nucleus. @entity13062 treatment resulted in increased coprecipitation of p-R- @entity7378 /5/ 8 and Co- @entity1594 . I- @entity14607 and I- @entity8110 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of ONH astrocytes and LC cells. Proteins for @entity13062 , p-R- @entity7378 /5/8, R- @entity7378 , R- @entity14608 , R- @entity14609 , and Co- @entity1594 are present in @entity1 ONH tissues. In addition, phosphorylated @entity7378 and @entity14608 colocalize with @entity1594 in the nuclei of ONH tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity13062 and Smad signaling proteins are present in @entity1 ONH tissues, isolated ONH astrocytes, and LC cells. In addition, exogenous @entity13062 treatment of ONH astrocytes and LC cells results in downstream signaling through the canonical Smad pathway. Thus, cells within the @entity1 ONH may respond to locally released @entity6861 through paracrine or autocrine mechanisms.

title: Activation of the @entity6861 canonical signaling pathway in XXXX optic nerve head tissue and isolated optic nerve head astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of intracoronary injections of @entity4945 , a nonionic-dimeric contrast medium ( @entity1496 content 350 mg/ml, osmolality 0.34 osmol/kg, viscosity 13.8 mPa X s) on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow, ECG, and cationic content as well as osmolality of @entity301 have been evaluated and compared to those of @entity3990 and @entity4946 . Experiments were carried out in 9 closed-chest @entity235 using heart catheterisation techniques. After @entity4945 and @entity3990 only positive inotropism was seen while @entity4946 initially had cardiodepressive effects. @entity4945 caused less increase of peak velocity of pressure rise and systolic blood pressure than @entity3990 . All contrast media led to an increase in coronary blood flow of the same extent. ECG changes were most marked following @entity4946 and only slight after @entity4945 . Decrease of cationic content and increase of osmolality in @entity301 were seen after each compound. Changes were only small after @entity4945 and always greater after @entity4946 . Moreover, an overproportional decrease of coronary sinus @entity460 content was seen after @entity4946 due to @entity460 binding. Thus, based on these animal experiments, a further slight reduction of acute cardiac side effects during coronary arteriography could be expected from the use of nonionic dimeric compounds, compared to ionic and currently used nonionic contrast media.

title: [Acute cardiac side effects of XXXX , a new nonionic dimer roentgen contrast medium, in intracoronary injection].

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus blood']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['Amidotrizoate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['Iopamidol']

answer: @entity4945 :: (MESH:C039096,Chemical) :: ['iodecol']


abstract: Malignant @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) are a serious complication of advance oesophageal or @entity2 . The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life before and after stent insertion, and to examine the role of treatment and location of @entity1224 as factors influencing survival in @entity1224 @entity1 managed with airway and/or oesophageal stent insertion. 112 @entity1 with @entity1224 were included prospectively. 83 (74%) @entity1 had @entity2 and 29 (26%) @entity1 had @entity5 . Airway stents were inserted in 65 (58%) @entity1 , oesophageal stents in 37 (33%) @entity1 , and both airway and oesophageal stents in 10 (9%) @entity1 . Seven (6%) @entity1 developed @entity1576 and required transient ventilator support in the intensive care unit (four @entity1 with airway stenting, two @entity1 with double stents and one @entity1 in the oesophageal stenting group). None of the @entity1 developed stent migration or needed stent repositioning. Overall, mean survival was 236.6 days (airway stent 219.1 days, oesophageal stent 262.8 days and combined airway-oesophageal stent 252.9 days). Backward, stepwise regression revealed the site of stent placement (airway and/or oesophagus; p < 0.028), exact location of the @entity292 in airway (p = 0.011) and additional treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation (p < 0.001) as independent risk factors predicting increased survival. The mean quality of life score (QoL) was 81 prior to stent insertion and 72 post-stent insertion (p < 0.001). Airway and/or oesophageal stent insertion provides an effective approach to improve the QoL in @entity1 with malignant @entity1224 .

title: Combined airway and oesophageal stenting in malignant XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AEF', 'airway-oesophageal fistulas']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway-oesophageal fistulas']


abstract: Alterations in growth caused by neonatal @entity3147 may be mediated in part by changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) expression. Since the neonatal @entity35 cerebellum undergoes a transient, proliferative growth phase in the first two weeks of life, this structure was used to determine whether alterations in circulating and tissue IGFs and IGFBPs may mediate effects of impaired nutrition on the developing central nervous system. Gravid @entity35 were placed on a 4% (protein-calorie deprived, D) or 20% (control, C) protein diets one day prior to delivery and allowed to nurse their pups postpartum. Pups nursing from D mothers received a limited volume of milk and were calorically deprived. Some litters of D pups were foster fed by C mothers from day 8 to day 13 to constitute a recovery group (R). Cerebellar weight, protein, and DNA content in D pups were less than C, p < 0.001. In R pups, DNA and protein returned to C levels by day 13. Between days 6 and 13, serum @entity2135 levels rose from 158 +/- 18 to 210 +/- 18 ng/ml in C but remained low in D (47 +/- 6 ng/ml and 25 +/- 3 ng/ml), respectively. In R pups, serum @entity2135 partially recovered during this time, and increased from 49 +/- 5 to 110 +/- 7 ng/ml. In cerebellar extracts, @entity2135 levels in both C and D were lower at 13 days than at 6 days, p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively. @entity2135 levels in C were similar at day 9 and day 11 and were consistently higher than D (11.84 +/- 0.83 vs 8.56 +/- 0.92 ng/g, p < 0.02 C vs D). In R, @entity2135 was reduced on day 11, but was similar to C on day 13. Serum @entity2620 in D was lower than C, p < 0.01, and did not increase in the R group. Cerebellar @entity2620 was virtually undetectable in either group. Immunoprecipitation and ligand blotting studies of serum demonstrated that circulating levels of 32-34 K IGFBPs were increased 3-4 fold in D vs C, reflecting high levels of @entity10681 and/or -2, while levels of 24 K @entity10777 were lower in D vs C. By contrast, immunoprecipitation and ligand blotting of cerebellar extracts detected @entity10909 , but did not detect @entity10681 . Further, tissue levels of @entity7815 were not increased in D vs C, and levels of @entity10777 also were not markedly affected by nutritional deprivation. These results suggest that alterations in tissue content and the availability of @entity2135 only modestly contributed to the effects of impaired nutrition in the developing central nervous system.

title: Nutritional insult and recovery in the neonatal XXXX cerebellum: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs).

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the haemodynamic features of young healthy myopes and emmetropes, in order to ascertain the perfusion profile of @entity1 @entity1714 and its relationship with @entity3656 prior to reaching a degenerative state. METHODS: The retrobulbar, microretinal and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) of one eye of each of twenty-two high myopes (N   =   22, mean spherical equivalent (MSE)  <=-5.00D), low myopes (N   =   22, @entity5814 .00 to-4.50D) and emmetropes (N   =   22, MSE        0.50D) was analyzed using color Doppler Imaging, Heidelberg retinal flowmetry and ocular blood flow analyser (OBF) respectively. Intraocular pressure, @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), systemic blood pressure, and body mass index were measured. RESULTS: When compared to the emmetropes and low myopes, the @entity3656 was greater in high @entity1714 (p   <   0.0001). High myopes showed higher central retinal artery resistance index ( @entity20171 RI) (p   =   0.004), higher peak systolic to end diastolic velocities ratio ( @entity20171 ratio) and lower end diastolic velocity ( @entity20171 EDv) compared to low myopes (p   =   0.014, p   =   0.037). Compared to emmetropes, high myopes showed lower OBFamplitude (OBFa) (p   =   0.016). The POBF correlated significantly with the systolic and diastolic blood velocities of the @entity20171 (p   =   0.016, p   =   0.036). MSE and @entity3656 correlated negatively with OBFa (p   =   0.03, p   =   0.003), OBF volume (p   =   0.02, p   <   0.001), POBF (p   =   0.01, p   <   0.001) and positively with @entity20171 RI (p   =   0.007, p   =   0.05). CONCLUSION: High myopes exhibited significantly reduced pulse amplitude and @entity20171 blood velocity, the first of which may be due to an OBF measurement artefact or real decreased ocular blood flow pulsatility. Axial length and refractive error correlated moderately with the ocular pulse and with the resistance index of the @entity20171 , which in turn correlated amongst themselves. It is hypothesized that the compromised pulsatile and @entity20171 haemodynamics observed in young healthy myopes is an early feature of the decrease in ocular blood flow reported in pathological @entity1714 . Such vascular features would increase the susceptibility for vascular and age-related @entity2194 .

title: Ocular blood flow measurements in healthy XXXX myopic eyes.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']