abstract: The study of antibody-antigen interactions should greatly benefit from the development of quantitative models for the evaluation of binding free energies in proteins. The present work addresses this challenge by considering the test case of the binding free energies of @entity2945 analogs to the @entity19 @entity1582 protein McPC603. This includes the evaluation of the differential binding energy as well as the absolute binding energies and their corresponding electrostatic contributions. Four different approaches are examined: the @entity1131 ( @entity4889 ) method, the semi-microscopic @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ) method, a free energy perturbation (FEP) method based on an adiabatic charging procedure and a linear response approximation that accelerates the FEP calculation. The @entity4889 electrostatic calculations are augmented by estimates of the relevant hydrophobic and steric contributions. The determination of the hydrophobic energy involves an approach which considers the modification of the effective surface area of the solute by local field effects. The steric contributions are analyzed in terms of the corresponding reorganization energies. This treatment, which considers the protein as a harmonic system, views the steric forces as the restoring forces for the electrostatic interactions. The FEP method is found to give unreliable results with regular cut-off radii and starts to give quantitative results only in very expensive treatment with very large cut-off radii. The @entity4889 and @entity4889 methods are much faster than the FEP approach and give reasonable results for both the relative and absolute binding energies. The speed and simplicity of the @entity4889 method make it an effective strategy for interactive docking studies and indeed such an option is incorporated in the program MOLARIS. A component analysis of the different energy contributions of the FEP treatment and a similar @entity4889 analysis indicate that electrostatic effects provide the largest contribution to the differential binding energy, while the hydrophobic and steric contributions are much smaller. This finding lends further support to the idea that electrostatic interactions play a major role in determining the antigen specificity of McPC603.

title: Calculations of antibody-antigen interactions: microscopic and semi-microscopic evaluation of the free energies of binding of XXXX analogs to McPC603.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['Protein Dipoles Langevin Dipoles']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['phosphorylcholine']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Although leukocyte telomere length is associated with mortality and many @entity102 thought to be manifestations of age-related functional decline, it is not known whether it relates to @entity697 in younger healthy populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether shorter telomeres in leukocytes, especially CD8CD28- T cells, are associated with decreased resistance to upper @entity1729 and clinical @entity221 in young to midlife adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Between 2008 and 2011, telomere length was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T-cell subsets ( @entity404 , CD8CD28+, CD8CD28-) from 152 healthy 18- to 55-year-old residents of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. @entity1 were subsequently quarantined (single rooms), administered nasal drops containing a common cold virus (rhinovirus 39), and monitored for 5 days for development of @entity281 and clinical @entity221 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Infection (virus shedding or 4-fold increase in virus-specific antibody titer) and clinical @entity221 (verified @entity281 plus objective signs of @entity221 ). RESULTS: Rates of infections and clinical @entity221 were 69% (n = 105) and 22% (n = 33), respectively. Shorter telomeres were associated with greater odds of @entity281 , independent of prechallenge virus-specific antibody, demographics, contraceptive use, season, and body mass index (PBMC: odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD decrease in telomere length, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.08-2.72]; n = 128 [shortest tertile 77% infected; middle, 66%; longest, 57%]; @entity404 : OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.15-2.70]; n = 146 [shortest tertile 80% infected; middle, 71%; longest, 54%]; CD8CD28+: OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.21-3.09], n = 132 [shortest tertile 84% infected; middle, 64%; longest, 58%]; CD8CD28-: OR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.29-3.16]; n = 144 [shortest tertile 77% infected; middle, 75%; longest, 50%]). CD8CD28- was the only cell population in which shorter telomeres were associated with greater risk of clinical @entity221 (OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.01-2.84]; n = 144 [shortest tertile, 26%; middle, 22%; longest, 13%]). The association between CD8CD28- telomere length and @entity281 increased with age (CD8CD28- telomere length * age interaction, b = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.02-0.16], P = .01, n = 144). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In this preliminary study among a cohort of healthy 18- to 55-year-olds, shorter CD8CD28- T-cell telomere length was associated with increased risk for experimentally induced @entity1729 and clinical @entity221 .

title: Association between telomere length and experimentally induced XXXX in healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper respiratory infection', 'respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory viral infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: TC ( @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) and @entity786 600 mg/m(2) q3w) combination is used for neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy in primary @entity0 . The incidence of @entity56 is reportedly more common in @entity1 who receive @entity1205 before @entity786 . This study aims to determine the significance of @entity786 and @entity1205 administration sequence. METHODS: Prospective analysis was performed of 49 consecutive @entity1 treated with TC for stage I-IIB @entity0 from March 2010 to June 2011. Premedication was administered with granisetron, @entity619 , and @entity17567 . @entity1 charts were reviewed for completion rate and adverse events. Two-tailed Fisher exact test was used to evaluate adverse events between prior @entity786 and prior @entity1205 . RESULTS: Of 49 @entity1 , 26 received @entity1205 prior to @entity786 and 23 received @entity786 before @entity1205 . There were no differences in @entity1 characteristics between the two groups. Completion rates were 95.6 % in the prior @entity786 group, and 100 % in the prior @entity1205 group. The relative dose intensities of @entity1205 and @entity786 were 94.5 and 94.8 % in the prior @entity786 group, and 98.5 and 98.7 % in the prior @entity1205 group (p < 0.01). In the prior @entity786 group, severe @entity1398 occurred in 96 % of @entity1 , but in only 46 % of @entity1 in the prior @entity1205 group (p < 0.01). Significantly fewer cases of @entity272 (27 versus 61 %), @entity390 (8 versus 48 %), @entity3136 (23 versus 61 %), and @entity294 (4 versus 30 %) were observed in the prior @entity1205 group as compared with the prior @entity786 group (p < 0.01). Decreased incidences of fatigue (50 versus 65 %) and @entity4 (19 versus 35 %) were found in the prior @entity1205 group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in @entity56 or neuropathy between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving @entity786 prior to @entity1205 were at increased risk of several @entity137 as compared with @entity1 receiving @entity1205 prior to @entity786 in TC combination therapy.

title: Feasibility of prior administration of XXXX in TC combination treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eczema']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Accurate lymph node staging is essential for the prognosis and treatment in @entity1 with @entity5 . The sentinel lymph node is the first node to which lymphatic drainage and @entity3 from the primary @entity5 occurs. In @entity320 and @entity0 , the sentinel lymph node detection and biopsy already have been implemented into clinical practice. Currently, 2 techniques are used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes: @entity1136 -labeled colloid and blue dye. After peritumoral injection, the material migrates through the lymphatics to the first lymph nodes draining the @entity5 . The precise anatomic localization of the sentinel lymph nodes is important for minimal invasive surgery and to avoid incomplete removal of the sentinel lymph nodes. All sentinel lymph nodes should be resected to achieve a complete nodal staging. In the inguinal or low-axillary nodal stations, planar scintigraphic images mostly are adequate for the localization of the sentinel lymph nodes. However, in the regions of the head and neck, the chest, and the pelvis, an imaging method for the more precise anatomic localization of the sentinel lymph nodes preoperatively is highly desired. Recently, integrated single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scanners have become available. Initial reports suggest that integrated SPECT/CT might have an additional value in sentinel lymph node scintigraphy in @entity135 and @entity5 draining to the pelvic lymph nodes. We evaluated the clinical use of integrated SPECT/CT in the identification of the sentinel lymph nodes in @entity1 with operable @entity0 . In our experience, localization and identification of sentinel lymph nodes was more accurate by integrated SPECT/CT imaging in comparison with planar images and SPECT images, respectively. In this report, the experiences of sentinel lymph node imaging with SPECT/CT are summarized.

title: Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomographyfor sentinel node mapping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2838 are characterized by an overgrowth of cells or tissues native to the area in which they normally occur. @entity950 ( @entity950 ) results from germ-line mutations in the @entity1594 gene (18q21.1) that encodes for an enzyme involved in transforming growth factor beta(TGF-beta) signal transduction. The increased neoplastic risk may result from @entity1594 mutations in the stromal component, which stimulate @entity5115 and progression to invasive @entity5 . @entity2838 ( @entity2838 ) is associated with germ-line mutations in the @entity2839 gene (19p13.3) that encodes a multifunctional @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase. These mutations occur in the epithelial component, suggesting a direct @entity5 suppressor effect. @entity1 are at an increased risk of intestinal and extraintestinal @entity5 , including breast, @entity43 . @entity1050 is associated with germ-line mutations in the @entity983 gene (10q22-23) and an increased risk of breast and thyroid @entity5 . @entity1050 is less common; controversy suggests that it may represent a variant of @entity1050 . CONCLUSIONS: Genetic alterations underlying @entity2838 are diverse. @entity105 may result from either germ-line mutations in the stroma ( @entity950 ) or as a direct result of functional deletion of @entity5 suppressor genes ( @entity2838 ). Diagnosis depends on clinical presentation and patterns of inheritance within families. Suggested surveillance guidelines for the proband and first-degree relatives are outlined.

title: XXXX : molecular genetics, neoplastic risk, and surveillance recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic, ovarian, testicular, and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['PJS', 'Peutz-Jeghers syndrome', 'hamartomatous polyposis syndromes', 'Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ["Cowden's disease", 'Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'Juvenile polyposis syndrome']

answer: @entity2838 :: (MESH:D010580,Disease) :: ['Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes']


abstract: AIM:     We report three cases of @entity12924 ( @entity12924 ) in @entity1 (two females, one male) in whom diagnosis was delayed because the sleep electroencephalography (EEG) was initially normal. METHOD:     Case histories including EEG, positron emission tomography findings, and long-term outcome were reviewed. RESULTS:     @entity2167 occurred between the age of 2   years and 3   years 6   months, after a period of normal language development. Initial awake and sleep EEG, recorded weeks to months after the onset of language regression, during a nap period in two cases and during a full night of sleep in the third case, was normal. Repeat EEG between 2   months and 2   years later showed @entity302 during wakefulness and strongly activated by sleep, with a pattern of continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep in two @entity1 . @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity12924 and treated with various antiepileptic regimens, including corticosteroids. One @entity1 in whom EEG became normal on @entity701 is making significant recovery. The other two @entity1 did not exhibit a sustained response to treatment and remained severely impaired. INTERPRETATION:     Sleep EEG may be normal in the early phase of acquired @entity2167 . EEG should be repeated frequently in individuals in whom a firm clinical diagnosis is made to facilitate early treatment.

title: Acquired XXXX in childhood and normal sleep electroencephalography subsequently diagnosed as @entity12924 : a report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome', 'LKS']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Auditory agnosia', 'auditory agnosia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['auditory agnosia']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity150 with pelvic and para-aortic lymph node @entity3 . The clinical stage was cT3bN2M1. He underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit construction and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after showing a partial response to 4 cycles of chemotherapy with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (MVAC). Pathology showed @entity1069 and para-caval lymph node @entity3 . Pathological stage was pT4N0M1. After 3 cycles of MVAC therapy as adjuvant chemotherapy,new lymph node @entity3 was revealed. He showed a complete response after 4 cycles of chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity900 (GC). He received 6 additional cycles of GC chemotherapy. Follow-up computed tomographic scan 3 months after the last chemotherapy showed portal vein @entity715 . He was treated with anticoagulant therapy,which dissolved the @entity715 .

title: [A case of portal vein @entity715 during chemotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic invasion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1412 is an inherited @entity14 characterized by the presence of multiple adenomatous @entity1127 . Molecular studies have revealed that germline mutations in the @entity1412 gene are the underlying cause of the disease. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent sulindac has been shown to reduce the number of @entity2513 . Most sulindac trials in the large bowel have focused on the distal colon and relatively little is known about its effect on the proximal colon. Moreover, it is unknown whether the site of the @entity1412 mutation affects the efficacy of sulindac. METHODS: This study investigated whether there were regional differences in the effect of sulindac on the colon and whether response to sulindac was dependent on the site of mutation in the @entity1412 gene. In an open prospective study 17 @entity1 with @entity1412 were treated with 300 mg oral sulindac daily for four months followed by a washout phase of six months. Ten of the @entity1 had an intact colon and seven had @entity9 only. The number, size, and the degree of @entity1141 of the @entity652 were evaluated by colonoscopy at entry, end of treatment and end of the study. RESULTS: Overall, a statistically significant decrease in the number of @entity652 was observed (120 +/- 112 to 28 +/- 64, P = 0.007). After cessation of sulindac treatment the number of @entity652 increased to 48 +/- 44.5, but remained significantly lower than the values observed at baseline. In the ten @entity1 with intact colons, @entity652 decreased by sevenfold in the proximal colon (103 +/- 73 to 15.1 +/- 47.4, P = 0.011) and twofold in the distal colon (80 +/- 52 to 29.6 +/- 37.2, P = 0.005). The size of @entity652 and the grade of @entity1141 also decreased. No correlation could be seen between the @entity1412 mutation site and the response to treatment. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that sulindac reduces the number of @entity652 in the entire colon and that the effect seems to be more pronounced in the proximal colon.

title: Relationship between XXXX genotype, polyp distribution, and oral sulindac treatment in the colon and rectum of @entity1 with @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'Familial adenomatous polyposis', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['rectal stumps']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['APC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Follicular units are commonly used in @entity1665 surgery, and they have become a global procedure for both male and female @entity1 . The yield from micrografts varies between 70 and 85 percent. Yield is determined by factors such as quality of the harvested donor area, preparation of the units, care taken during the implantation procedure, and follicular apoptosis. To improve hair density and stimulate follicular unit growth, an experimental study was designed using platelet plasma growth factors obtained from the @entity1 's autologous plasma. METHODS: The author established a protocol within a group of 20 @entity1 with male pattern @entity1665 . The data showed a gaussian distribution; to compare the two procedures involved in this clinical trial, the paired t test was used. RESULTS: The author observed a significant difference in the yield of follicular units when comparing the experimental with the control areas of the scalp (p < 0.001). The areas treated with platelet plasma growth factors demonstrated a yield of 18.7 follicular units per cm2, whereas the control areas yielded 16.4 follicular units per cm2, an increase in follicular density of 15.1 percent. Among @entity1 who used the experimental protocol, some experienced only 3 percent and others experienced a 52 percent increase in density. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a new perspective and contribution to @entity1665 surgery with follicular unit megasessions, and demonstrates an improvement that can be introduced into @entity1665 surgery clinics with less morbidity and a low cost-to-benefit ratio. Further studies may improve the efficiency of the technique and allow digital programs to better evaluate the increase in hair density.

title: The role of platelet plasma growth factors in male pattern XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['baldness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of @entity12194 at 250 mg/d and 500 mg/d in the treatment of @entity3427 . DESIGN: Randomized, prospective clinical study. @entity1 (S): Sixty-five @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity3427 . INTERVENTION(S): Group I (n = 35) @entity1 were treated with @entity12194 , 250 mg/d, and group II (n = 30) @entity1 were treated with @entity12194 , 500 mg/d, for 12 months. Baseline hormone levels, body mass index, and @entity3427 scores were similar between the groups. Hirsutism score, hormone levels, and multiscreen blood chemistry were measured at 3-month intervals for 12 months. RESULT(S): The modified Ferriman-Gallwey scores for @entity3427 decreased significantly at months 6 and 12 from a mean +/- SEM of 17.8 +/- 0.9 to 6.0 +/- 0.6 (P < 0.001) and 17.8 +/- 0.9 to 4.8 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.001) in group I and from 17.0 +/- 0.9 to 6.6 +/- 0.7 and 17.0 +/- 0.9 to 5.2 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.001) in group II, respectively. The reductions in @entity3427 scores (mean +/- SEM) were similar in group I at 6 months (64.6% +/- 2.5%) and at 12 months (71.2% +/- 2.2%) and in group II at 6 months (62.1% +/- 3.0%) and at 12 months (70.3% +/- 3.0%). The percent reductions in hirsutiam scores at 6 and at 12 months were similar within group I (64.6% +/- 2.5% and 71.2% +/- 2.2%) and group II (62.1% +/- 3.0% and 70.3% +/- 3.0%), respectively. The decreases in @entity3427 scores in the first 6 months were more significant than in the last 6 months of treatment in both groups. There were no significant differences in any of the hormone levels during therapy in either group. One @entity1 in group II was excluded from the study because of @entity409 . CONCLUSION(S): This study shows that two different doses of @entity12194 (250 mg/d and 500 mg/d) are similarly effective in reducing hair growth. @entity12194 at a dose of either 250 mg/d or 500 mg/d has no further effect after 6 months. We conclude that if @entity12194 is administered at a dose of 250 mg/d it may represent an effective and well tolerated treatment with reduced cost for the @entity1 .

title: A comparison between two doses of XXXX (250 mg/d and 500 mg/d) in the treatment of @entity3427 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide', 'flutamide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity12194 :: (MESH:D005485,Chemical) :: ['flutamide']


abstract: @entity21923 has shown protective effects in various experimental models of @entity2806 . The main holdup of this drug is that most of the benefits are reported with a very narrow time window for intervention. Here we investigated whether @entity2388 could protect the brain against @entity2806 using a model of 2-hour @entity2500 in the @entity35 . The time course of blood @entity2388 after i.p. administration of @entity21923 (400 mg/kg) was studied. Animals were treated with the drug or with vehicle 45 min after reperfusion following 2-hour @entity63 . Tissue @entity855 content was determined 5 and 10 h after @entity63 onset, and @entity1188 volume was measured at days 1 and 2. The neurological score was evaluated before and after treatment in the different experimental groups. @entity2388 prevented the drop of cortical @entity855 induced by @entity63 in the @entity51 at 5 h after the onset of @entity63 , supporting some beneficial effects of the treatment. However, these effects were not sustained at 10 h. Furthermore, @entity2388 failed to significantly reduce @entity1188 volume and the @entity51 at 24 and 48 h, in spite of some trend to smaller @entity1188 after @entity2388 administration. Therefore, under the present experimental conditions, systemic administration of @entity21923 at 3 h after the beginning of @entity63 exerted only a transient benefit but not a persistent protection against @entity75 .

title: Transient benefits but lack of protection by XXXX after 2-hour @entity2500 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity21923 :: ('CHEBI:50144', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium pyruvate', 'sodium pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cortex and ameliorated the neurological deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyruvate', 'pyruvate']

answer: @entity21923 :: (CHEBI:50144,Chemical) :: ['sodium pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 or pacemakers is a serious complication, reported with increasing frequency probably because of an increase in the total number of devices implanted due to a change in trends in the treatment of @entity943 . This review is aimed to provide guidelines on how to deal with these infections and which method is most likely to be successful. METHODS: This is a review of 38 @entity1 with infected antiarrhythmic implantable devices under three different plans of therapy. There were 17 implantable cardioverter defibrillators and 21 pacemakers. In 27, @entity281 occurred after primary implantation (15 pacers, 12 implantable cardioverter defibrillators), and in 11 after replacement (six pacers, five implantable cardioverter defibrillators). Three therapeutic plans were identified. Group I (n = 12) received intravenous antibiotics without removal of the antiarrhythmic implantable device, but with relocation to a different area or plane, and with or without the use of a topical irrigating-suction system. Group II (n = 19) had complete removal of the system, 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics, and implantation of a new unit followed by 10 more days of antibiotics. Group III (n = 7) underwent complete removal, 6 weeks of antibiotics, implantation of a new unit, and another 6 or more weeks of antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: Failure occurred in 100% of cases in group I. Groups II and III had complete clearing of @entity281 and successful reimplantation of new systems with no recurring infections. Follow-up was 8 months to 5 years. Two @entity204 occurred, both in group I. Hospitalization for groups I and III was 104 days and 65 days, respectively, versus 22 days for group II. No @entity204 occurred in group II or III. CONCLUSIONS: With an infected antiarrhythmic implantable device, immediate removal of the entire unit is recommended, followed by 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics, implantation of a new system, and 10 more days of postoperative antibiotics. This regimen is sufficient to cure the problem. No attempts should be made to save an infected system from removal because it endangers the @entity1 's life, prolongs hospitalization, increases costs, and most likely will fail.

title: Undertreatment and overtreatment of XXXX with infected antiarrhythmic implantable devices.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Infection of implantable defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic variation in @entity1 -reported outcomes such as @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and satisfaction with care are understudied areas in the management of elderly @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, between the years 2002 and 2004, the authors recruited 214 older (>or=65 years) @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 from an urban academic hospital and a Veterans Administration hospital. @entity1 completed generic (SF-36), prostate-specific (UCLA-PCI) @entity283 , and satisfaction with care (CSQ-8) surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12-months follow-up. Clinically significant difference was used to compute return to baseline. The authors compared time to @entity283 after controlling for confounding variables by using ANOVA and log-linear models. Survival curves were used to compare time to return to baseline across ethnicity. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed that age and marital status, not ethnicity, were independent predictors of radical prostatectomy, rather than radiation treatment. African Americans reported lower @entity283 scores at diagnosis and required a longer time to return to baseline. Log-linear analysis indicated that African-American ethnicity was associated with lower 12-month scores for role physical (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; standard error [SE], 0.40), role emotional (OR, 0.37; SE, 0.43), @entity158 (OR, 0.74; SE, 0.10), urinary function (OR, 0.90; SE, 0.11), and urinary bother (OR, 0.72; SE, 0.17). Both groups reported comparably high levels of satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: African-American elderly exhibited poorer outcomes and required a longer time to @entity283 . These differences highlight the need for discussion with @entity1 and families prior to treatment about expectations and the need for support services post-treatment.

title: Ethnic variation in return to baseline values of @entity1 -reported outcomes in older @entity263 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'return to baseline HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We describe a unique @entity703 in a 93-year-old @entity1 . Microscopically the @entity5 was composed of an intimate intermixture of epithelial component and smooth muscle tissue, which formed the stroma of the @entity5 . In some parts the epithelial cells in adenomatous tubular formations were endowed with clear snouts. These clear snouts had a blister-like quality and grew on the secretory cells lining the tubules. No atypias, mitoses, or pleomorphism were present in the @entity5 . The muscular component consisted of poorly cellular, HMB-45-negative, @entity5036 , which greatly differed from that of @entity359 . It encircled the whole @entity5 and intimately intermingled with the epithelial component. These leiomyomatous bands formed focally abortive vessels, which had incomplete and irregular walls and lacked an elastic layer. Even more interesting was a peculiar vascularization of the @entity5 . All epithelial tubular structures of the @entity5 revealed an intimate association with small capillaries. A fine labyrinth of the capillaries rimmed the rows of the epithelial cells. To the best of our knowledge this @entity5 differs from all previously described.

title: @entity703 : a previously unreported XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomatous bundles']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor of the kidney']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) provides excellent @entity1337 after rotator cuff surgery but is associated with @entity409 . In this study, ISBPB with 20 mL of 0.125% or 0.25% @entity1341 were compared to assess the effect on diaphragm function, @entity26 saturation, @entity158 control, opioid requirements, and @entity1 satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 30 adults undergoing outpatient arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were enrolled to receive ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus catheter placement with 20 mL of 0.125% (n = 15) or 0.25% @entity1341 (n = 15). Diaphragm function and @entity26 saturation were assessed before ISBPB placement and on discharge from the postanesthesia care unit. @entity282 scores, opioid requirements, and @entity1 satisfaction were compared. RESULTS: Diaphragm function and @entity26 saturation were superior in the low concentration group. Absent or paradoxic motion of the diaphragm was present in 78% of the 0.25% group compared with 21% of @entity1 in the 0.125% group (P = .008). @entity26 saturation decreased 4.3% in the 0.25% group compared with a decrease of 2.6% in the 0.125% group (P = .04). @entity158 scores averaged 1 of 10 in the 0.25% group and 0 of 10 in the 0.125% group (P = .02). Opioid requirements and @entity1 satisfaction were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized, double-blind comparison of ISBPB performed with 20 mL of 0.125% or 0.25% @entity1341 , diaphragm function and @entity26 saturation were superior in @entity1 treated with more dilute @entity1341 . Furthermore, there were no clinically significant differences in @entity158 scores, and no statistically significant differences in opioid requirements and @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Diaphragm function after interscalene brachial plexus block: a double-blind, randomized comparison of 0.25% and 0.125% XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity602 ( @entity602 ) may be a useful additional therapy for @entity158 in @entity1 with therapeutically @entity951 . But doubts remain about whether it also relieves ischaemia. METHODS: Indices of ischaemia were studied with and without @entity602 in 10 @entity1 with otherwise intractable angina and evidence of @entity296 on 48 h ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) recording. Primary end points assessed by 48 h ECG recordings were total ischaemic burden, number of ischaemic episodes, and duration of ischaemic episodes. In addition, symptoms were assessed by a diary of @entity1242 intake and @entity951 . RESULTS: During @entity602 the total ischaemic burden of the entire group was significantly reduced from a median of 27.9 (1.9-278.2) before @entity602 to 0 (0-70.2) mm x min with @entity602 (p < 0.03). In six out of the 10 @entity1 there was no @entity296 during 48 h ambulatory ECG monitoring with @entity602 . The number of ischaemic episodes was reduced from a median of 3 (1-15) before @entity602 to 0 (0-9) with @entity602 (p < 0.04). The duration of ischaemic episodes decreased from a median of 20.6 (1.7-155.4) min before @entity602 to 0 (0-48.3) min with @entity602 (p < 0.03). This was accompanied by a significant improvement in symptoms with a reduction in daily @entity1242 intake from a median of 3.0 (0-10) before @entity602 to 0.3 (0-10) tablets per 48 h (p < 0.02) and a decrease in the frequency of @entity2142 from a median of 5.5 (2-14) before @entity602 to 1.0 (0-10) per 48 h with @entity602 (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity602 not only reduced symptoms but also @entity296 . Therefore, @entity602 appears to be both a safe and an effective therapy for @entity1 with @entity951 .

title: Effects of spinal cord stimulation on XXXX during daily life in @entity1 with severe coronary artery disease. A prospective ambulatory electrocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina attacks', 'refractory angina pectoris', 'refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is known to effectively prevent immune recognition. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Thus, the identification of immunogenic molecules associated with @entity1358 and the elucidation of the corresponding signaling pathways are crucial to the development of effective treatments. We performed transcriptional and functional profiling with cDNA microarrays (1070 cDNA probes) on a total of 17 RCCs, 11 clear cell and 6 papillary, and on corresponding normal tissue. Samples were clustered based on their expression profiles. We found a total of 45 genes to be regulated equally by both @entity5 types compared to the normal tissue. A set of 13 differentially expressed genes was identified between the examined @entity5 subtypes. Functional analysis was performed for both gene sets and showed a significant enrichment of cell surface genes regulated in both @entity5 subtypes. Within these we found five surface marker genes to be upregulated ( @entity3049 , @entity32998 , @entity10736 , @entity3820 , and @entity8410 ) which are involved in immune responses via the regulation of lymphocytes and can also induce apoptosis. Their overexpression in both @entity5 subtypes suggests a possible involvement in the immune escape strategies of @entity1358 . The combination of transcriptional and functional profiling revealed potential target molecules for novel therapy strategies that must be studied in more detail.

title: Comparative transcriptional and functional profiling of clear cell and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Proteomic studies are contributing greatly to our understanding of the sperm cell, and more detailed descriptions are expected to clarify additional cellular and molecular sperm attributes. The aim of this study was to characterize the subcellular proteome of the @entity1 sperm tail and, hopefully, identify less concentrated proteins (not found in whole cell proteome studies). Specifically, we were interested in characterizing the sperm metabolic proteome and gaining new insights into the sperm metabolism issue. Sperm were isolated from normozoospermic semen samples and depleted of any contaminating leukocytes. Tail fractions were obtained by means of sonication followed by @entity969 -gradient ultracentrifugation, and their purity was confirmed via various techniques. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry of isolated sperm tail peptides resulted in the identification of 1049 proteins, more than half of which had not been previously described in @entity1 sperm. The categorization of proteins according to their function revealed two main groups: proteins related to metabolism and energy production (26%), and proteins related to sperm tail structure and motility (11%). Interestingly, a great proportion of the metabolic proteome (24%) comprised enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, including enzymes for mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Unexpectedly, we also identified various peroxisomal proteins, some of which are known to be involved in the oxidation of very long chain @entity1718 . Analysis of our data using Reactome suggests that both mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathways might indeed be active in sperm, and that the use of @entity1718 as fuel might be more preponderant than previously thought. In addition, incubation of sperm with the @entity844 oxidation inhibitor etomoxir resulted in a significant decrease in sperm motility. Contradicting a common concept in the literature, we suggest that the male gamete might have the capacity to obtain energy from endogenous pools, and thus to adapt to putative exogenous fluctuations.

title: XXXX sperm tail proteome suggests new endogenous metabolic pathways.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Routine methods for enumerating antigen-specific T-helper cells may not identify low-frequency phenotypes such as Th2 cells. We compared methods of evaluating such responses to identify @entity116 toxoid- (TT) specific @entity1198 , Th2, Th17 and @entity688 (+) cells. Eight healthy subjects were given a TT booster vaccination. Blood was drawn before, 3, 7, 14, and 28days after vaccination and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for 7days with TT, negative control (diluent), and a positive control (Staphylococcus enterotoxin B [SEB]). Activation markers ( @entity2902 and @entity7986 ) were measured after 44h (n=8), cytokines in supernatant after 3 and 7days, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of proliferated cells (identified by dye dilution) after 7days (n=6). Vaccination increased TT-specific expression of @entity2902 and @entity7986 on CD3(+) @entity404 (+) lymphocytes, and TT-specific proliferation at 7, 14 and 28days post vaccination. Vaccination induced TT-specific @entity1198 ( @entity379 , @entity310 , and @entity1199 ) Th2 ( @entity4047 , @entity225 , and @entity3646 ), Th17 ( @entity4155 ) and @entity688 (+) cells as measured by ICS. TT-specific @entity1198 cells were the most abundant (12-15% of all TT-specific @entity404 (+) T-cells) while @entity688 (+) (1.8%) Th17 (1.1%) and Th2 cells (0.2-0.6%) were less abundant. TT-specific cytokine concentrations in PBMC supernatants followed the same pattern where a TT-specific @entity4666 response was also seen. In conclusion, TT booster vaccination induced a broad T-helper cell response. This method of evaluating cytokine phenotypes may be useful in examining the impact of nutrition and environmental conditions on the plasticity of T-helper cell memory responses.

title: @entity404 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following XXXX toxoid booster immunization.

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The underlying mechanism responsible for motility changes in @entity1049 ( @entity66 ) is still unknown. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the structural and in vitro motor changes in the sigmoid colon of @entity1 with @entity66 . METHODS: Muscle bath, microelectrodes and immunohistochemical techniques were performed with samples obtained from the left and sigmoid colon of @entity1 with @entity66 and compared with those of @entity1 without @entity66 . RESULTS: The amplitude and area under the curve of the spontaneous rhythmic phasic contractions were greatly reduced in @entity1 with @entity66 whereas their frequency and tone remained unaltered. Electrical field stimulation induced a neurally mediated, enhanced ON-contraction (amplitude) in @entity1 with @entity66 and increased the duration of latency of OFF-contractions. The resting membrane potential of smooth muscle cells was hyperpolarized and the amplitude of the inhibitory junction potential was increased in @entity1 with @entity66 . In contrast, no significant histological differences were observed in @entity1 with @entity66 as smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal layers), interstitial cells of Cajal, glial cells and myenteric neurons densities remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoid strips from @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity66 showed an altered motor pattern with @entity1319 and enhanced neurally mediated colonic responses involving both excitatory and inhibitory motor pathways. No major neural and muscular structural elements were detected at this stage of the disease. These findings could be valuable in understanding the pathophysiology of this prevalent digestive disease.

title: In vitro motor patterns and electrophysiological changes in XXXX with @entity1049 .

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['reduced spontaneous motility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity10485 ( @entity10485 ) can cause central airway collapse in @entity1 with @entity1030 and may worsen @entity1030 and symptoms. It is usually not known whether central @entity1224 contributes to @entity1030 . This study was undertaken to quantify central airway collapsibility and relate it to expiratory flow limitation in @entity1 with @entity10485 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 evaluated for acquired @entity10485 and 4 healthy control subjects were studied with measurements of central airway narrowing derived from bronchoscopic videotapes and simultaneous pressure measurements in the @entity825 and esophagus. Tracheal narrowing was assessed by a shape index and plotted against the transtracheal pressure to measure collapsibility. Subsequently, airflow and transpulmonary pressure (PL) were measured to identify expiratory flow limitation during quiet breathing and to determine the critical PL required for maximum expiratory flow. RESULTS: Tracheal collapsibility varied widely among @entity1 . Some had profound tracheal narrowing during quiet breathing, and others showed substantial collapse only during forced exhalation. Of the @entity1 , 15% were not flow limited during quiet breathing, 53% were flow limited throughout exhalation, and 30% were flow limited only during the latter part of the exhalation. @entity1 with flow limitation at rest showed greater tracheal narrowing than those without (p = 0.009), but the severity of expiratory flow limitation was not closely related to tracheal collapsibility. Twenty-three @entity1 were flow limited during quiet exhalation at PLs that did not cause central airway collapse. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity10485 , central airway collapse is not closely related to @entity1030 , and expiratory flow limitation at rest often occurs in peripheral airways without central airway collapse.

title: Central airway mechanics and flow limitation in acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10485 :: ('MESH:D055089', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'tracheobronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway malacia']

answer: @entity10485 :: (MESH:D055089,Disease) :: ['tracheobronchomalacia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to establish reference ranges for @entity998 and to investigate blood flow distribution through the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary bed in @entity1 fetuses. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective study was performed in 222 normal fetuses from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation with high-resolution color Doppler ultrasound. Cardiac output and ductal flow were calculated by use of vessel diameter and the time-velocity integral. Pulmonary blood flow was expressed as the difference between right cardiac output and ductal flow. Foramen ovale flow was estimated as the difference between @entity998 . Gestational age-specific reference ranges are given for left, right, and biventricular output and volume of ductal blood flow, showing an exponential increase with gestational age. Median ratio of right to @entity998 was 1.42 and was not associated with gestational age. Right cardiac output was 59% and @entity998 was 41% of biventricular cardiac output. Median biventricular cardiac output was estimated to be 425 mL. @entity1009 ). kg(-1) fetal weight. Ductal blood flow was 46%, estimated pulmonary flow was 11%, and estimated foramen ovale flow was 33% of biventricular output. CONCLUSIONS: The study establishes reference ranges for fetal cardiac output and offers insights into the central blood flow distribution in @entity1 fetuses from 13 weeks to term. There is a clear right heart dominance. The estimated ratio of pulmonary blood flow to cardiac output is higher than in fetal lamb studies.

title: Cardiac output and central distribution of blood flow in the XXXX fetus.

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary flow and left cardiac output', 'left and right cardiac output', 'left cardiac output']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of surgical treatment of @entity10189 during the past 20 years and its importance at the present time. METHOD: During the past 20 years three questionnaire surveys were implemented in surgical departments in the Czechoslovak Republic (1975-57 departments, 1989-80 departments) and in the Czech Republic (1994-80 departments) focused on surgery of @entity10189 . The authors analysed also a group of @entity1 from their own department covering a five-year period (1990-89 operations and 1995-27 operations). RESULTS: In surgical departments of the Czechoslovak and Czech Republic the ratios of different operations during the mentioned years were as follows: 1975: resections 85%, vagotomy 9%, suture of perforation 6%. 1989: 71%, 10%, 19% and 1995: 48%, 8%, 31% and other operations 13%. In the authors department the ratio of these operations in 1990 was as follows: 23%, 23%, 10% and in 1995: 59%, 7%, 23%, 11%. The surgical approach declined in the course of five years by 70%. During the last two years in the Czech Republic and in the authors department first experience was assembled with laparoscopic suture of perforated @entity1066 and with superselective vagotomy. The initial results are very encouraging. CONCLUSION: The basis of treatment of @entity10189 is modern medicamentous treatment, surgery is indicated most frequently if conservative treatment fails or in case of @entity548 (78% of @entity548 are controlled endoscopically). In @entity2275 resection is indicated most frequently, similarly as in complications of duodenal @entity1066 . In non-complicated duodenal @entity1066 superselective vagotomy is an equivalent alternative of long-term conservative treatment.

title: [Surgery of XXXX in the Czech Republic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the health risks associated with smoking and blood pressure in Chinese @entity101 @entity1 and to compare the benefit of antihypertensive drug treatment with the risk attributable to smoking. METHODS: We used multiple Cox regression to correlate outcome with blood pressure and smoking status in 2284 older (aged > or = 60 years) @entity1 enrolled in the @entity101 in China (Syst-China) Trial (systolic/diastolic blood pressure > or = 160/< 95 mmHg). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3.0 years. After adjustment for sex, age, active antihypertensive treatment and various entry characteristics, the relative hazard rates associated with smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day were 2.04 (P = 0.04), 4.66 (P < 0.001) and 4.74 (P = 0.002) for all-cause, noncardiovascular and @entity5 mortality, respectively. With similar adjustments applied, the relative hazard rates for total (fatal and non-fatal) @entity64 associated with smoking 10-20 and more than 20 cigarettes per day were 1.78 (P = 0.04) and 2.23 (P = 0.03), respectively. Furthermore, both smoking and systolic blood pressure were associated with higher risk of @entity64 . Compared with the overall risk in the whole group, treating 1,000 @entity1 for 5 years prevented 40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5-75] @entity64 in smokers as well as never smokers. Prognosis in never smokers and past smokers was similar. Quitting smoking had the potential to prevent 51 (95% CI, -21 to 122) @entity64 in untreated @entity101 @entity1 and to prevent 45 (95% CI, - 14 to 104) additional @entity64 in treated @entity1 , over and above the effects of antihypertensive treatment. If, in addition to @entity64 , non-cardiovascular mortality was also accounted for, the estimated absolute benefit of quitting smoking increased to 69 (95% CI, -18 to 155) and 97 (95% CI, 23-171) events in the untreated and the treated group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly Chinese @entity1 , smoking was a risk factor for all-cause, non-cardiovascular and @entity5 mortality, as well as fatal and non-fatal @entity64 . The potential benefits of antihypertensive treatment and quitting smoking were approximately similar. In our view, these findings are important in terms of public health policies and health economics.

title: Risks of smoking in treated and untreated older Chinese @entity1 with isolated systolic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Significance of the @entity74 in development of @entity1294 is presently well known, but their role in pathogenesis of chronic @entity301 has not been yet sufficiently analyzed. Aim of the present study was the investigation of the relationship between the hemorheological, vascular and hemo-dynamic factors responsible for development of the @entity301 . We investigated 64 @entity1 with @entity301 of the functional classes I-IV with and without the @entity712 . For evaluation of the @entity74 we investigated its most significant symptom, the erythrocyte aggregability, with the "Georgian technique" that provided us with direct and quantitative data. We investigated also the tone of the hand's resistance arteries with an original non-invasive technique based on measurement of the flow velocity changes in the @entity1 and in the healthy controls radial arteries by using the Doppler technique during standardized postischemic @entity450 . Echocardiographically we studied the standard characteristics of left ventricular function (systolic and diastolic volume, its mass and ejection fraction). ECG by standard leads and the blood pressure were investigated in all @entity1 . We found that the @entity74 are manifested in the early stages of the disease before its functional manifestation. The most pronounced @entity74 were in evidence in the @entity1 with @entity1459 and @entity712 . As to the arteriolar resistance index, it was increased only in 45 per cent of all the investigated @entity1 and no significant difference between the @entity1 with the @entity712 and without it was found. There was a negative relationship between erythrocyte aggregability and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and the positive correlation between erythrocyte aggregability and left @entity1184 (p<0.01). We concluded that the @entity3459 represent themselves a factor that plays a significant role in pathogenesis of the @entity301 . They are predictors of the disease and not only risk factors as it is generally believed. Measurement and correction of these disturbances in its early stages have a high clinical significance.

title: @entity74 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['acute vascular syndromes']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood rheological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemorheological disorders', 'rheological disorders']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Nineteen cases of intracranial abscesses secondary to infection of the midface are reported. The most common underlying cause was bacterial @entity1244 . Other etiologic factors included @entity2583 following @entity134 therapy, @entity2883 , @entity48 , @entity733 , @entity2381 following chemotherapy for @entity1778 , @entity957 , infected methylmethacrylate plate for a @entity174 , and a case of gauze packing left in the sinus following surgery. Anaerobic organisms were the predominant cause of the abscesses. The most dangerous @entity1504 was @entity3553 , which occurred in seven @entity1 in this series. Three of them died. Four cases of frontal and parietal lobe abscesses were treated with systemic antibiotics only. This approach has not been well emphasized in our literature. Steroid therapy should not be used for the treatment of @entity2694 . It can result in dreadful complications. The overall mortality rate in this series was 21% (4 of 19), despite aggressive treatment and close cooperation between the neurosurgeon, otolaryngologist, and other specialists. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are paramount.

title: Intracranial XXXX in adults and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['subdural abscess']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['prior skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the frontal sinus']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complication']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['nasal dermoid cyst and sinus tract']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['tooth abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['sinus and orbital infections']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['abscesses secondary to nasal, sinus, and orbital infections']


abstract: Elevation of @entity460 during sustained synaptic activity may lead to the activation of the postsynaptic @entity460 -dependent protease calpain and thus could alter the integrity and localization of endogenous proteins. The distribution of anchoring proteins for neuroreceptors is an important determinant of the efficacy of neuronal transmission. Many of these anchoring proteins are concentrated within the postsynaptic density (PSD). In the present study, we examined the effects of calpain II on isolated PSDs using biochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Biochemical analysis reveals that @entity16689 , a clustering molecule which anchors @entity143 receptors by interaction with their NR2 subunits, as well as the NR2 subunits themselves, are cleaved by calpain. On the other hand, under conditions where all the @entity16689 protein is cleaved, actin and alpha-actinin-a protein thought to anchor @entity143 receptors to actin filaments-remain intact. For analysis by electron microscopy, PSDs were adsorbed on glass, immunogold-labeled with an antibody to @entity16689 , slam frozen, freeze dried, and rotary shadowed. Electron micrographs of replicas indicate that PSDs are disc-shaped and are composed of a lattice-like structure which labels with @entity16689 immunogold. After calpain treatment, PSDs adsorbed on glass become thinner overall and the lattice becomes fragmented. Altogether, these results suggest that calpain activity could produce changes in the organization of the PSD and, by cleaving @entity16689 associated with the PSD lattice, could modify the anchoring of @entity143 receptors.

title: Activation of calpain may alter the postsynaptic density structure and modulate anchoring of XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: A substance dependent @entity1 in the family affects almost all aspects of family life. This leads to problems, difficulties or adverse events which impact the lives of family members and causes enormous burden on family caregivers. The present study aimed to assess the pattern of burden borne by the family caregivers of @entity1 with @entity167 and @entity4784 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with ICD-10 diagnosed @entity734 subjects and their family caregivers attending a de-addiction centre at a multispecialty teaching hospital in north India. Family Burden Interview Schedule was used to assess the pattern of burden borne by the family caregivers of 120 @entity1 with @entity167 and/or @entity4784 . RESULTS: Compared to opioid and @entity167 + @entity4784 groups, more often the @entity167 @entity734 group was older, married, currently working, having a higher income and with the wife as a caregiver. Family burden was moderate or severe in 95-100 per cent cases in all three groups and more for 'disruption of family routine', 'financial burden', 'disruption of family interactions' and 'disruption of family leisure'. Family burden was associated with low income and rural location. It was associated neither with age, education or duration of @entity734 of the @entity1 , nor with family size, type of caregiver or caregiver's education and occupation. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: Almost all (95-100%) caregivers reported a moderate or severe burden, which indicates the gravity of the situation and the need for further work in this area.

title: Family burden with XXXX : a study from India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance dependence']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of controlled-release @entity803 -containing fibers in @entity1 with @entity2521 versus the preceding classical treatment. One hundred twenty-one sites in 20 @entity1 were followed from baseline to 6 months after fiber insertion. Each selected site was > or = 5 mm deep and bled on probing. All 20 @entity1 had at least one site > or = 7 mm which bled on probing. Those pockets remained after intense and repeated conventional therapy (scaling and root planing and often surgery), often including the use of systemic antibiotics. This treatment period, the so-called control period, preceded the experimental period by at least 3 years, when the fibers were placed. Both treatments (in control and test period) were performed in the Department of Periodontology at the University Hospital in Leuven. At the start of the experimental period, all pockets > or = 5 mm were treated by the placement of fibers impregnated with 25% @entity803 . The fibers were removed after 10 days. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, @entity1464 , and @entity548 on probing were recorded at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment. Analysis of data from all sites indicated that a significant decrease in probing depth and gain in attachment were present at all follow-up visits. The mean probing depth reduction for sites > or = 7 mm was 3.2 mm at month 6, with a gain in attachment of 2.7 mm, while this was -1.0 mm and -1.9 mm, respectively, during the preceding control period. The fraction of @entity548 pockets was reduced from 77% to 27% and from 80% to 77% during the experimental and control periods, respectively. No significant adverse side-effects were observed, except for a transient redness at fiber removal in 2 sites. Fiber insertion appeared to be time-consuming even when the operator was familiarized with the procedure. The results of this study prove that @entity803 -impregnated fibers can reduce probing depth significantly for a period of 6 months in @entity1 not responding to thorough and repeated classical periodontal treatment.

title: The use of @entity803 -containing controlled-release fibers in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['refractory periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['refractory periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the mechanisms of @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in the developing brain after @entity519 - @entity63 (HI). DEVELOPMENT: The possibility of limiting the @entity204 which occurs in serious situations of cerebral HI is based on advances in the understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Various experimental models offer the opportunity to study these mechanisms in reproducible situations. Relevant concepts are the focal HI as compared to global HI, with well-differentiated patterns of selective vulnerability which depend on vascular and neurochemical factors. In situations of @entity1188 , the distinction between core and penumbra permits the identification of areas of brain tissue which potentially may recover, where the @entity204 occurs, at least partially, more slowly and by apoptosis. Most of this @entity204 occurs during the phase of reperfusion, when the reintroduction of @entity26 activates the @entity2359 cascades. Amongst the molecules involved in the early marking of cell damage are the genes @entity1639 and @entity1178 , @entity1879 , @entity14383 , cytokines, @entity22408 and calpaines. Some of the recent attempts of block post-HI MC are treatments with trophic factors, glucocorticoids and @entity2332 . CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the time-course of MC in perinatal HI suggest the presence of a therapeutic window. The development of treatments for nerve rescue comes up against the complexity of the mechanisms involved in MC and their potential @entity137 in immature brain.

title: [Cell death in neonatal @entity519 - XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cell death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 admitted for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have @entity740 . We studied the impact of @entity740 on mortality and quality of inpatient care for @entity583 from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Program. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that mortality and quality of inpatient care would not vary with renal function. METHODS: We examined in-hospital @entity583 performance measures by renal function based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Severity of @entity177 was categorized as normal (GFR >=  90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), mild (GFR 60-90 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), moderate (GFR 30-60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), severe (GFR 15-30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), and @entity177 (GFR  <= 15 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) or dialysis). A total of 21721 @entity1 from 291 sites were studied, with most data collected in 2008 to 2009. Multivariable regression analysis after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics was performed and generalized estimating equations were used to account for within-hospital clustering. In-hospital mortality and quality of inpatient care were assessed. RESULTS: @entity177 was present in 82.0 percent of @entity583 @entity1 . The adjusted odds ratio vs normal renal function for mortality increased with worsening renal function: 1.45 for mild @entity177 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.05, P = 0.03); 3.36 for moderate @entity177 (95% CI: 2.31-4.89, P < 0.0001); 5.43 for severe @entity177 (95% CI: 3.70-7.95, P < 0.0001); and 6.35 for @entity177 (95% CI: 4.48-9.01, P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity177 received less inpatient and discharge guideline-recommended therapy for @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity583 @entity1 , mortality and guideline-recommended inpatient therapy correlated inversely with renal function. Adjusted mortality was equally poor among @entity1 with severe @entity8 and on dialysis.

title: Quality of care and outcomes among XXXX with @entity583 by level of kidney function at admission: report from the get with the guidelines coronary artery disease program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency', 'kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have developed an approach to @entity5 gene therapy in which the oncolytic effects of an adenoviral vector have been combined with selective expression of a soluble form of @entity2534 fused with Fc (sTGFbetaRIIFc). We chose to use adenoviral dl01/07 mutant because it can replicate in all @entity5 cells regardless of their genetic defects. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing sTGFbetaRIIFc (Ad.sT- betaRFc) was constructed by homologous recombination. Infection of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells with Ad.sTbetaRFc produced sTGFbetaRIIFc, which was released into the media. The conditioned media containing sTGFbetaRIIFc could bind with @entity2533 and inhibited @entity2533 -dependent transcription in target cells. Infection of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and 76NE @entity1 @entity0 cells with Ad.sTbetaRFc resulted in high levels of viral replication, comparable to that of a wild-type dl309 virus. Although some viral replication was observed in actively dividing normal @entity1 lung fibroblasts, there was no replication in nonproliferating normal cells. Direct injection of Ad.sTbetaRFc into MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 grown in @entity19 resulted in a significant inhibition of @entity5 growth, causing @entity5 regression in more than 85% of the animals. These results indicate that it is possible to construct an oncolytic virus expressing sTGFbetaRIIFc in which both viral replication and transgene expression remain intact, and the recombinant adenovirus is oncolytic in a @entity1 @entity5 xenograft model. On the basis of these results we believe that it may be feasible to develop a @entity5 gene therapy approach using Ad.sTbetaRFc as an antitumor agent.

title: Development of oncolytic adenovirus armed with a fusion of soluble @entity2534 and XXXX immunoglobulin Fc for @entity0 therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast xenograft tumors']

entities_list: @entity2534 :: ('7048', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Porous @entity11608 implants are used in early @entity2530 of the hip. Device evaluation included surgical time, @entity190 , hospitalization, @entity1 -controlled analgesia use, transfusions, implant survival, and outcomes. Mean @entity190 was 70 mL. Mean operative time was 36 minutes. Average hospitalization was less than 1 day. No @entity1 required @entity1 -controlled analgesia use or transfusions. Results were compared to a historical vascularized fibular graft population. All parameters were less than the fibular graft groups (P < .00001). All surviving implants (86%) resulted in good to excellent outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis at 39 months was 86% and 67% for the implant and fibular graft, respectively (P = .21). Early outcomes demonstrate that porous @entity11608 implants are a safe option for femoral head salvage. Continued follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term success.

title: Porous @entity11608 implant in early XXXX of the hip: preliminary report on operative, survival, and outcomes results.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy using integrating vectors has a potential leukemogenic risk due to insertional mutagenesis. To reduce this risk, a limitation of  <=2 average @entity4002 ( @entity4002 ) per cell is generally accepted. We developed an assay for @entity4002 among transduced @entity2280 (+) cells that reliably predicts in vivo @entity4002 in 16 rhesus recipients of @entity2280 (+) cells transduced with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) (or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP))-encoding lentiviral vector. Using GFP (or YFP)-specific probe/primers by real-time PCR, @entity4002 among transduced @entity2280 (+) cells had no correlation with @entity4002 among granulocytes or lymphocytes in vivo assayed 6 months post-transplantation. This was a likely result of residual plasmids present in the vector preparation. We then designed self-inactivating long terminal repeat (SIN-LTR)-specific probe/primers, which detect only integrated provirus. Evaluation with SIN-LTR probe/primers resulted in a positive correlation of @entity4002 among transduced @entity2280 (+) cells with granulocytes and lymphocytes in vivo. The transduced @entity2280 (+) cells had higher @entity4002 (25.1        5.6) as compared with granulocytes (2.8        1) and lymphocytes (2.4        0.7). In summary, an integrated provirus-specific real-time PCR system demonstrated nine- to tenfold higher @entity4002 in transduced @entity2280 (+) cells in vitro, as compared with @entity4002 in vivo. Therefore, the restriction of  <=2 @entity4002 before infusion might unnecessarily limit gene transfer efficacy.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e122; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.49; published online 17 September 2013.

title: Integration-specific In Vitro Evaluation of Lentivirally Transduced Rhesus XXXX (+) Cells Correlates With In Vivo Vector Copy Number.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['VCN', 'vector copy number']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the development of windswept @entity85 ( @entity3297 ) in a total population of @entity1 with @entity306 (CP) up to 20 years of age, the association between @entity3297 and @entity572 , and femoral @entity3192 and @entity1635 , and the impact of a hip surveillance program on the subsequent incidence of @entity3297 . METHODS: This is a prospective study on @entity1 with CP in southern Sweden included in the Swedish follow-up programme and registry for CP (CPUP). All @entity1 born between 1990 and 1995 with CP were included; those born between 1990 and 1991 did not partake in the hip surveillance program until they were older (3-5 years of age) and served as a historic control group. @entity1 born between 1992 and 1995 were included in the hip surveillance program from about 2 years of age and constituted the study group. RESULTS: In the control group, 12 of 68 @entity1 (18 %) developed @entity3297 . In the study group of 139 @entity1 , 13 (9 %) developed @entity3297 (p = 0.071). Of all 25 @entity1 with @entity3297 , 21 also developed @entity1635 and 5 developed a @entity572 . The number of @entity1 with @entity3297 starting in the lower extremities was significantly lower in the study group (p = 0.028). No difference between the two groups was seen regarding @entity3297 that started in combination with @entity1635 . CONCLUSION: With early inclusion in a hip surveillance program and early treatment of @entity1159 , it appears possible to reduce the frequency of @entity3297 starting in the lower extremities.

title: Windswept XXXX in @entity1 with @entity306 : a population-based prospective follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['varus osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['hip deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['hip deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary involvement of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa and the anterior mitral leaflet (subaortic structures) can occur in @entity1 with @entity886 . The secondary involvement of these structures occurs as a result of direct extension of the infection from the aortic valve or as a result of an infected aortic regurgitant jet striking the ventricular surfaces of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa and the anterior mitral leaflet. The abscess of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa can expand to form an @entity439 . Subsequently, this @entity449 can develop a perforation and communicate with the left atrium, resulting in the systolic regurgitation of blood from the left ventricular outflow tract into the left atrium. @entity325 can also occur on the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral leaflet and result in the formation of an @entity439 or perforation of anterior mitral leaflet. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examines the utility of transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of these subaortic complications in 55 consecutive @entity1 with @entity886 . A total of 24 @entity1 (44%) had involvement of subaortic structures, including four with an abscess in the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa, four with @entity449 , seven with perforation of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with communication into the left atrium, two with an @entity439 of the anterior mitral leaflet, and seven with perforation of the anterior mitral leaflet. The transesophageal echocardiographic findings were confirmed at surgery in 20 @entity1 and at necropsy in two. By comparison, transthoracic echocardiography visualized these lesions in five of 24 @entity1 (21%), including none of four with mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa abscesses, two of four with @entity449 , one of seven with mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa perforations, one of two with anterior mitral @entity439 , and one of seven anterior mitral leaflet perforations. Eccentric @entity339 -type systolic jets were noted in eight additional @entity1 by transthoracic color flow imaging, and this finding suggested the possibility of these unusual subaortic complications. If these @entity1 are included, then transthoracic echocardiography suggested the presence of these subaortic complications in 13 of 24 @entity1 (54%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that 1) involvement of the subaortic structures in @entity1 with @entity886 may be more common than previously recognized, 2) @entity1 with @entity886 and eccentric jets of @entity339 on transthoracic echocardiography should undergo further evaluation by transesophageal echocardiography to exclude these unusual complications, 3) precise recognition of these complications is of value in the optimal medical and surgical management of these @entity1 , and 4) these complications may be responsible for unexplained @entity712 and @entity5122 in some @entity1 with @entity886 .

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic recognition of subaortic complications in XXXX . Clinical and surgical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa aneurysm', 'mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['leaflet aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary infection']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve endocarditis']


abstract: Considering three different bypass procedures now in use, (single indirect nonanastomotic bypass procedure, @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ) nonanastomotic procedure and direct @entity254 ), the authors attempted to identify the most appropriate bypass procedure for treating @entity63 in @entity1 . The authors performed three procedures (the original encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis [EDAS] alone, the frontotemporoparietal combined indirect bypass procedure, and the superficial temporal artery--middle cerebral artery [STA-MCA] @entity254 with encephalomyosynangiosis [EMS]) on 72 hemispheres in 50 @entity1 with @entity7025 . Analyses were then performed to compare postoperative collateral vessel formation found on angiograms, complications, and clinical improvements. Postoperative collateral formations were observed in more than two-thirds of the MCA distribution after the EDAS alone, the @entity4629 procedure, and the direct @entity254 in 44%, 52%, and 74% of the surgically treated hemispheres, respectively. In addition, frontal encephalomyoarteriosynangiosis of the @entity4629 bypass procedure formed collateral vessels of the anterior cerebral artery distribution in 94% of the treated hemispheres. Postoperatively, clinical symptoms resolved in 56%, 63%, and 74% of the treated sides 1 year after EDAS alone, @entity4629 procedure, and the direct @entity254 , respectively. One @entity1 suffered a @entity64 after EDAS alone, two @entity1 developed @entity4282 after the @entity4629 procedure, and one @entity1 suffered a @entity64 and one @entity1 a @entity64 after undergoing direct @entity254 . The direct @entity254 procedure was found to result in the best postoperative collateral vessel formation and clinical improvement. However, the single and @entity4629 nonanastomotic bypass procedures were found to be safer than direct @entity254 . Furthermore, the frontotemporoparietal combined indirect bypass procedure caused the formation of collateral circulation not only in the MCA but also in the ACA distribution. Based on analysis of these findings, the authors recommend the @entity4629 procedure as the appropriate surgical procedure in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity7025 , although the best treatment is the STA-MCA @entity254 with EMS when feasible.

title: Multiple combined indirect procedure for the surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity7025 . A comparison with single indirect @entity254 and direct @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['multiple combined indirect', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['major stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic-type moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric moyamoya disease', 'moyamoya disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The success of screening, an important @entity5 prevention tool, depends on the quality and efficiency of protocols and guidelines for screening and follow-up. However, even centrally organized screening programs such as the Dutch cervical screening program occasionally show problems in performance. To improve this program, the screening scheme, follow-up, administration and financing protocols and guidelines were thoroughly changed in 1996. This study evaluates the consequences for the performance of the national program. Five-year coverage rate, the proportion of screened @entity1 sent to follow-up, follow-up compliance and duration, and the yearly number of Pap smears before and after the changes in 1996 were compared. Five-year coverage increased substantially in the added target age groups (30-34, and 54-60 years); in the old target age group (35-53 years) it remained around 80%. The percentage of screened @entity1 sent to follow-up decreased from almost 19-3% per screening round, due to a more restrictive use of the @entity42834 classification, and an evidence-based cessation of follow-up of negative smears without endocervical cells. Follow-up compliance has improved, and the average time until a @entity1 is either referred or rejoins the regular screening schedule, has become shorter. The total number of smears, a strong determinant of screening costs, has decreased by 20% primarily due to the changed follow-up recommendations. In conclusion, the 1996 changes in protocols and guidelines, and their implementation have increased coverage and efficiency, and decreased the screening-induced negative side effects.

title: Monitoring a national @entity5 prevention program: successful changes in cervical XXXX screening in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the widespread use of PET/CT, incidental @entity2495 foci unrelated to the known @entity5 have been described with increasing frequency. PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and clinical significance of incidental focal @entity2495 uptake in the breast as detected by @entity419 PET/CT, and to explore factors differentiating benign and malignant breast uptake. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2005 to June 2010, a total of 51,971 whole-body FDG PET/CT examinations were performed in our clinic. After excluding 7254 sets of PET/CT data from @entity1 known to have @entity0 , we retrospectively identified @entity1 showing incidental focal @entity2495 activity in the breast. Of 44,717 PET/CT examinations conducted on 32,988 @entity1 , we identified 131 @entity1 with no previous known or suspected benign and malignant @entity1558 . The etiology, mean SUV(max), and diameter of @entity1558 were assessed. We also compared the presentation of the lesions on CT, mammography, and ultrasonography. RESULTS: Of the 131 @entity1 , 60 were histologically diagnosed with @entity1558 , including 32 with malignant and 28 with benign lesions. An additional 11 @entity1 were followed-up for more than 2 years and were clinically considered to have benign lesions. The remaining 60 @entity1 who had neither histologic confirmation nor followed-up for more than 2 years were excluded. Therefore, 71 @entity1 were finally included. The mean SUV(max) of 39 benign lesions and 32 malignant lesions were 2.02    1.52 and 3.71    3.83, respectively (P = 0.0001). At a cut-off value of 2.3, the rate of @entity5 and specificity of the mean SUVmax for differentiating benign and malignant @entity1558 were 61.3%, 76.3, respectively. The CT data from PET/CT revealed that the mean diameters of benign and malignant lesions were 1.19    0.97 cm and 2.26    1.96 cm, respectively (P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: Incidental focal @entity419 uptake in the breast as detected by PET/CT was indicative of @entity5 in 45% of @entity1 . Both mean SUV(max) and diameter were greater for malignant than benign lesions.

title: Analysis of incidental focal @entity2495 uptake in the breast as detected by XXXX PET/CT: clinical significance and differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions', 'breast disease']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population studies have shown that higher intakes of marine foods during pregnancy are associated with longer gestations, higher @entity1 birthweights and a low incidence of @entity1468 . It is suggested that the @entity1718 of marine foods may be the underlying cause of these associations. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of marine oil, and other @entity3009 precursor, supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of @entity1468 , @entity600 , low birthweight and small-for-gestational age. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (December 2005), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 2) and MEDLINE (1966 to April 2005). SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials comparing oral marine oil, or other @entity3009 precursor, supplementation during pregnancy with either placebo or no treatment. Trials were excluded if their aim was to treat @entity1 with established @entity1468 or suspected intrauterine growth restriction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, data extraction and trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials, involving 2783 @entity1 , are included in this review. Three of these were rated as high quality, including the largest trial with 1477 @entity1 . @entity1 allocated a marine oil supplement had a mean gestation that was 2.6 days longer than @entity1 allocated to placebo or no treatment ( @entity353 ( @entity353 ), 2.55 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 4.07 days; 3 trials, 1621 @entity1 ). This was not reflected in a clear difference between the two groups in the relative risk (RR) of birth before 37 completed weeks, although @entity1 allocated marine oil did have a lower risk of giving birth before 34 completed weeks' gestation (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.99; 2 trials, 860 @entity1 ). Birthweight was slightly greater in @entity1 born to @entity1 in the marine oil group compared with control ( @entity353 47 g, 95% CI 1 g to 93 g; 3 trials, 2440 @entity1 ). However, there were no overall differences between the groups in the proportion of low birthweight or small-for-gestational age babies. There was no clear difference in the relative risk of @entity1468 between the two groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to support the routine use of marine oil, or other @entity3009 precursor, supplements during pregnancy to reduce the risk of @entity1468 , @entity600 , low birthweight or small-for-gestational age.

title: Marine oil, and other XXXX precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by @entity1468 or intrauterine growth restriction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) offers vast potential for the clonal propagation of high-value roses. However, some recalcitrant cultivars unresponsive to commonly employed @entity2531 -inducing agents and low induction rates currently hinder the commercialization of @entity2531 technology in rose. Rose @entity2531 technology requires improvement before it can be implemented as a production system on a commercial scale. In the present work, we assessed @entity36943 ( @entity36943 ), a synthetic auxin not previously tested in rose, for its effectiveness to induce @entity2531 in the rose cultivar " @entity22769 ' Easy" (Rosa sp.). We ran a parallel comparison to the commonly used @entity14462 ( @entity14462 ). We tested each auxin with two different basal media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and woody plant medium (WPM). MS medium resulted in somatic embryo production, whereas WPM did not. @entity36943 induced @entity2531 over a greater concentration range than @entity14462 's and resulted in significantly greater embryo yields. @entity36943 at a concentration of 10 or 25 microM was better for embrygenic tissue initiation than @entity36943 at 5 microM. Further embryo development occurred when the tissue was transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR) free medium or media with 40% the original auxin concentration. However, the PGR-free medium resulted in a high percentage of abnormal embryos (32.31%) compared to the media containing auxins. Upon transfer to germination medium, somatic embryos successfully converted into plantlets at rates ranging from 33.3 to 95.2%, depending on treatment. Survival rates 3 months ex vitro averaged 14.0 and 55.6% for @entity14462 - and @entity36943 -derived plantlets, respectively. Recurrent @entity2531 was observed in 60.2% of the plantlets growing on germination medium. This study is the first report of @entity2531 in the commercially valuable rose cultivar ' @entity22769 ' Easy' (Rosa sp.) and a suitable methodology was developed for @entity2531 of this rose cultivar.

title: @entity36943 promotes somatic embryogenesis in the rose cultivar " XXXX ' Easy" (Rosa sp.).

entities_list: @entity14462 :: ('MESH:D015084', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid', '2,4-D']

entities_list: @entity36943 :: ('MESH:D015085', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid', '2,4,5-T']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Somatic embryogenesis']

answer: @entity22769 :: (79444,Gene) :: ['Livin']