abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1557 , one of the most common benign breast lesions, has a characteristic age-specific incidence and is associated with other pathological entities in 50% of cases. The clinical or imaging diagnosis of @entity1557 may be erroneous, and in some cases is found to be @entity3 . The clustering of such entities, their correlation with age, and the risk of @entity0 are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of any significant clustering of @entity1557 -associated @entity1558 and to assess the possible risk of concomitant @entity0 . METHODS: We analyzed the pathological results of 147 @entity1 undergoing excisional biopsies for @entity1557 diagnosed pre-operatively either by clinical examination and imaging (n = 17) or by radiology alone (n = 30). The inter-relationships among all entities associated with @entity1557 were studied by hierarchical cluster analysis. The correlation of the various pathologies with the risk of invasive @entity0 in relation to the @entity1 's age was also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity1557 -associated pathologies were found in 48% of the cases: sclerosing @entity3923 (23%), @entity1157 (17.7%), apocrine @entity4648 (15.6%), @entity3923 (12.9%), duct @entity1185 (11.6%), @entity9962 (5.4%), @entity189 in situ (3.4%), and 1 case of @entity1137 in situ (0.6%). An orderly internal hierarchy and three significant clusters emerged: a) epithelial apocrine @entity4648 , @entity1157 and sclerosing @entity3923 (similarity coefficients 16.0, 11.0 and 8.0 respectively); b) @entity1185 , @entity3923 and @entity730 (similarity coefficients of 6.0, 4.0 and 2.0 respectively); and c) @entity9962 and @entity189 in situ (similarity coefficients of 1.8 and 1.6 respectively). Seven of the eight @entity1 with @entity0 were older than 40 years. CONCLUSIONS: In about half of the cases @entity1557 was associated with other pathological entities clustered in an orderly hierarchy. The rarity of @entity0 in the younger age group and its more common association with @entity1557 in the older age groups dictate a different approach to each. The finding of @entity1557 in @entity1 older than 40 indicates the need for surgical excision.

title: @entity0 : analysis of associated pathological entities--a different risk marker in different age groups for concurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'synchronous breast cancer', 'synchronous breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['duct ectasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['adenosis', 'florid fibrocystic disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['Fibroadenoma', 'fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast diseases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity86 is a phenomenon well-known by every orthopedic surgeon, yet its etiological background and its relation to @entity2737 is still unclear. The number of publications related to this topics in general and in the special field of orthopedics is quite limited. METHOD: The incidence of @entity86 in 177 @entity1 who underwent total hip replacement was investigated; its nature and connections to possible @entity2348 are described. Moreover, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was also taken into consideration. RESULTS: In 39% of the sample, @entity221 exceeding 38 degrees C was noted in the immediate postoperative period; in 87% of these cases, the @entity221 was of unknown etiology, its background could not be specified by clinical tests and examinations. In four cases of the total 177 @entity1 , microbiologically proven wound @entity281 occurred during the period of hospital stay, but only three of these @entity1 had @entity221 . The results of @entity1 treated with antibiotics because of @entity221 did not differ significantly from those of @entity1 who did not receive antibiotics. This was true from the aspect of both the disappearance of @entity221 and the frequency of complications. CONCLUSION: The results emphasise that @entity86 is only a minor predictive factor of @entity2737 ; at the same time absence of @entity221 does not mean absence of septic complications. In the case of immediate @entity86 of unknown etiology and without clinical symptoms, it is inexpedient to start antibiotic treatment or to increase the prophylactic antibiotic dosage.

title: [Significance of XXXX after hip prosthesis implantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever', 'Postoperative fever']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative fever']


abstract: Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family containing a single baculovirus IAP repeat domain, is highly expressed in cancerous tissues but not in normal counterparts. Our group identified an HLA-A24-restricted antigenic peptide, survivin-2B80-88 (AYACNTSTL), that is recognized by @entity405 + CTLs and functions as an immunogenic molecule in @entity1 with @entity5 of various histological origins such as colon, breast, lung, oral, and @entity5 . Subsequent clinical trials with this epitope peptide alone resulted in clinical and immunological responses. However, these were not strong enough for routine clinical use as a therapeutic @entity5 vaccine, and our previous study of @entity694 @entity1 indicated that treatment with a vaccination protocol of survivin-2B80-88 plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and a-interferon ( @entity686 ) conferred overt clinical improvement and enhanced the immunological responses of @entity1 . In the current study, we further investigated whether this vaccination protocol could efficiently provide not only improved immune responses but also better clinical outcomes for advanced @entity788 . Tetramer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot analysis data indicated that more than 50% of the @entity1 had positive clinical and immunological responses. In contrast, assessment of treatment with @entity686 only to another group of @entity5 @entity1 resulted in no obvious increase in the frequency of survivin-2B80-88 peptide-specific CTLs. Taken together, our data clearly indicate that a vaccination protocol of survivin-2B80-88 plus IFA and @entity686 is very effective and useful in immunotherapy for this type of poor-prognosis @entity5 . This trial was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, no. UMIN000000905.

title: Immunotherapeutic benefit of a-interferon ( @entity686 ) in survivin2B-derived peptide vaccination for advanced XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'urogenital malignancies', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) are defined as circumscribed @entity6795 . They result from an @entity528 , migration and differentiation. In the diagnosis of @entity1625 prevalence ranges between 5% and 25%, depending on @entity1 collective and imaging techniques. @entity302 may be caused by @entity10067 but have not been diagnosed because of the lack of high-quality magnetic resonance imaging assessment. Retrospective analysis of @entity1 who have undergone @entity302 surgery can be biased because of the fact that they represent a mere subset of potential @entity10067 diagnoses. @entity302 typically manifests within the first years of life, but has been documented up to the age of 60 years. @entity73 commonly accompanies early onset. @entity302 is often refractory to antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Clinical observations and pathophysiological findings illustrate intrinsic epileptogenicity. Upregulation of drug transporter proteins has been found in @entity10067 tissue. There is no specific drug treatment in @entity10067 , as any AED used in focal @entity302 could prove effective. A sequential AED therapy should be designed individually and take side effects as well as developmental progresses into consideration. Fifty to sixty-five percent of @entity10067 @entity1 are rendered @entity410 -free after surgery. Presurgical evaluation should be initiated after two unsuccessful AED trials. Both risks and potential benefits regarding @entity410 control and developmental impairment need to be considered on an individual basis when deciding between surgical intervention and conservative treatment. Current knowledge on @entity302 course and psychomotor development in @entity10067 is limited in the absence of qualified long-term studies combining imaging with cognitive evaluation.

title: Focal XXXX : prevalence, clinical presentation and @entity302 in @entity1 and adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy FCD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', "Several 'cryptogenic' epilepsies", 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['Focal cortical dysplasias', 'FCD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of neuronal proliferation']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior @entity130 by using arthroscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethical committee approval and informed consent were obtained. MR arthrograms obtained in 205 @entity1 , including a study group of 104 @entity1 (74 male and 30 female; mean age, 28.2 years) with arthroscopically proved @entity130 and a control group of 101 @entity1 (65 male and 36 female; mean age, 31.4 years) with intact labroligamentous complex, were reviewed in random order. MR arthrograms were analyzed for the presence and type (Bankart, anterior labral @entity1048 [ALPSA], Perthes, glenolabral articular disruption [GLAD], or nonclassifiable lesion) of @entity130 by two radiologists in consensus. Results were compared with arthroscopic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the detection and classification of anteroinferior @entity75 with MR arthrography were calculated. RESULTS: At arthroscopy, 104 anteroinferior @entity75 were diagnosed, including 44 @entity75 , 22 ALPSA lesions, 12 Perthes lesions, and three GLAD lesions. Twenty-three labral lesions were nonclassifiable at arthroscopy, all of which occurred after a history of chronic instability. Nineteen (83%) of these 23 lesions were also nonclassifiable at MR arthrography. With arthroscopy used as the reference standard, @entity75 were detected and correctly classified at MR arthrography with sensitivities of 88% and 77%, specificities of 91% and 91%, and accuracies of 89% and 84%, respectively. Bankart, ALPSA, and Perthes lesions were correctly classified in 80%, 77%, and 50% of cases, respectively. The three GLAD lesions were all correctly assessed. CONCLUSION: MR arthrography is accurate in enabling classification of acute and chronic anteroinferior @entity130 , although correct interpretation of Perthes lesions remains difficult.

title: Anterior shoulder instability: accuracy of MR arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['labroligamentous lesions', 'Bankart lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['labroligamentous injuries']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periosteal sleeve avulsion']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['labroligamentous injuries']


abstract: Rodents with different hair pigmentation patterns were studied to evaluate the role of melanin in the incorporation of @entity12781 ( @entity212 ) into hair. There are two types of melanin in hair and other tissues: @entity43483 , a @entity2118 and @entity18606 , a reddish-yellow pigment. Sprague Dawley (SD; nonpigmented), Dark Agouti (DA; brown), Copenhagen (CP; brown hooded), Long Evans (LE; black hooded), and LBNF1 (deep @entity35 and Swiss-Webster (SW; nonpigmented), C57BL6 (black), and C57BL6 Ay/a (yellow) @entity19 were administered @entity212 at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days (n = 5 for each strain). Hair was collected either 14 ( @entity35 ) or 35 ( @entity19 ) days ( @entity19 ) after beginning drug administration and analyzed for @entity212 , eumelanin, and @entity18606 . @entity212 concentrations in ng/mg (mean +/- SEM) were as follows: SD, 0.46 +/- 0.13; DA, 12.25 +/- 1.24; CP nonpigmented, 0.12 +/- 0.004; CP pigmented, 9.16 +/- 2.8; LE nonpigmented, 0.66 +/- 0.07; LE pigmented, 21.2 +/- 1.4; LBNF1, 21.64 +/- 3.8; SW, 0.48 +/- 0.36; C57 black, 11.0 +/- 4.03; and C57 yellow, 2.26 +/- 0.55. Eumelanin concentrations in microg/mg (mean +/- SEM) were as follows: DA, 20.50 +/- 1.58; CP pigmented, 19.43 +/- 0.40; LE pigmented, 17.56 +/- 0.61; LBNF1, 27.26 +/- 2.52; C57 black, 37.33 +/- 3.61; and C57 yellow, 1.76 +/- 0.02. @entity43483 was not detected in nonpigmented hair. @entity18606 concentrations in microg/mg (mean +/- SEM) were as follows: DA, 0.09 +/- 0.00; CP pigmented, 0.20 +/- 0.03; LBNF1, 0.06 +/- 0.01; C57 black, 0.16 +/- 0.05; and C57 yellow, 29.16 +/- 0.97. @entity18606 was not detected in nonpigmented or LE pigmented hair. These data demonstrate that @entity212 is incorporated into black hair to a greater extent than yellow or nonpigmented hair. There appears to be a linear relationship between the @entity212 concentration in hair and the ratio of eumelanin to @entity18606 . Our data suggest that despite variations in @entity212 concentration because of hair color, they may be normalized by using the ratio of eumelanin to @entity18606 rather than hair weight.

title: The incorporation of drugs into hair: relationship of hair color and melanin concentration to XXXX incorporation.

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity43483 :: ('MESH:C041877', 'Chemical') :: ['Eumelanin', 'eumelanin']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['brown-black pigment']

entities_list: @entity18606 :: ('MESH:C018362', 'Chemical') :: ['pheomelanin', 'Pheomelanin']

answer: @entity12781 :: (MESH:D010622,Chemical) :: ['phencyclidine']


abstract: Embryonic growth of a @entity233 lines selected for 16-wk BW (F) or 180-d egg production (E) was measured and compared to randombred controls (RBC2 or RBC1). Egg weight at setting relative to poult weight at hatching indicated @entity851 in F as well as E embryos compared to randombred controls. Eggs from F weighed 10 g more than those of RBC2 (P < or = 0.0001) but the poults at hatching were only 8 g heavier (P < or = 0.0001). Water vapor loss during incubation indicated that only 0.9% of the difference could be accounted for by water vapor loss. Selection for increased 16-wk BW resulted in decreased embryo growth rates relative to hatchling mass (P < or = 0.0001) beginning at Day 16 of incubation compared to that of RBC2. Eggs from E weighed 15 g less than RBC1 (P < or = 0.0001) but produced poults weighing only 7 g less (P < or = 0.0001). Incubation water vapor loss was depressed in E compared to RBC1 (P < or = 0.0001) but accounted for only 1.4% of the difference between hatchling weights. Selection for egg production increased embryo growth rates (relative to hatchling mass) measured at 4-d intervals compared to those of the RBC1 line (P < or = 0.05). @entity6893 supplementation of the maternal diet depressed (P < or = 0.05) glycogen in F embryos but interacted with line to generally increase glycogen in E embryos. Increased glycogen was related to @entity851 rates in E but not F line embryos. It may be concluded that @entity6893 supplementation of the material diet and genetics are determinants of embryonic growth in @entity233 .

title: Effect of genetics and maternal dietary XXXX supplementation on @entity233 embryonic growth.

entities_list: @entity6893 :: ('CHEBI:16382', 'Chemical') :: ['iodide', 'Iodide']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['increased growth']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

answer: @entity6893 :: (CHEBI:16382,Chemical) :: ['iodide']


abstract: Many health benefits are associated with a high dietary intake of @entity47 ( @entity47 ); however, little effort has been expended to determine whether the botanical families from which high- @entity47 diets are formulated affect their biological activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether the botanical diversity of high- @entity47 diets alters the response in oxidative biomarkers for lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation. Two diets were developed that varied in botanical diversity and provided 8-10 servings of @entity47 /d. The @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) included foods from the 18 botanical families that induced a reduction in oxidative damage of lipids or DNA. The @entity258 ( @entity258 ) emphasized 5 of these botanical families based on reports that their bioactive components had high antioxidant activity. A total of 106 @entity1 completed the study. @entity1 consumed 9.1 +/- 2.6 and 8.3 +/- 2.1 servings of @entity47 /d with the @entity258 and @entity2101 diets. Only the @entity2101 diet induced a significant reduction in DNA oxidation (P < 0.05). Both the @entity258 and the @entity2101 diets were associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that botanical diversity plays a role in determining the bioactivity of high- @entity47 diets and that smaller amounts of many phytochemicals may have greater beneficial effects than larger amounts of fewer phytochemicals.

title: Dietary botanical diversity affects the reduction of oxidative biomarkers in XXXX due to high vegetable and fruit intake.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetables and fruit', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low botanical diversity diet', 'LBD']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high botanical diversity diet', 'HBD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the 1-year visual and keratometric results of epithelium-on corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for advanced @entity9042 (median maximum keratometry [K]  >= 58.0 diopters [D]). SETTING: School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: @entity1 with bilateral progressive @entity9042 had @entity6513 -enhanced epithelium-on CXL. The worse eye had CXL, and the fellow eye was not treated. Results were reported 1, 3, 6, and 12  months postoperatively. The outcomes were compared with those in the fellow untreated eyes. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes of 21 @entity1 with a median age of 20.4  years (interquartile range [IQR], 9.5  years) were treated. A significant improvement in postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was observed at 12  months (P  =  .002). Postoperative corrected distance visual acuity improved at 6  months and 12  months (P   <=  .009) compared with baseline values. The maximum K decreased by 1.63 D from the median preoperative maximum K of 62.7 D (IQR, 12.9 D) at 12  months (P  <  .001). The reduction in maximum K was higher after CXL than in untreated eyes at the end of 12  months (P  =  .001). Correlation analysis between the preoperative maximum K values and the change over 6 to 12  months between different studies showed a significant correlation (r  =  -0.764, P  <  .001; Spearman correlation). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelium-on CXL was an effective treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity9042 . A higher preoperative maximum K value correlated with greater corneal flattening after CXL. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Epithelium-on corneal collagen crosslinking for management of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique and assess outcomes and morbidity following radical resection combined with intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1204 . METHODS: From 1986 to 2002, 25 @entity1 received treatment including radical resection and IOERT for recurrent endometrioid, @entity1204 . Relevant clinical information was extracted through retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Treatment prior to referral included radiation in 56% and either a secondary surgery or chemotherapy in 48%. External radiation (EBRT) was administered in addition to IOERT in 84%. Radical procedures performed at the time of IOERT included resection of the pelvic sidewall en bloc with the obturator nerve, external iliac vein, psoas, iliacus, or obturator internus muscles, ureter, or boney ileum. Seven @entity1 required exenteration in combination with resection of the pelvic sidewall. The median IOERT dose was 1500 cGy (range 1000-2500 cGy). Overall five-year survival was 47% vs. 71% for those with a gross total resection but close margins. Two @entity1 with recurrences limited to the para-aortic area are alive without evidence of disease at 54 and 71 months. Proportional hazards modeling showed concurrent EBRT, @entity5 size after resection, grade, and age to be associated with improved survival. The most common complications were @entity1897 , functional @entity1695 , and @entity292 formation. CONCLUSIONS: With an aggressive treatment approach including radical resection combined with IOERT, long-term survival is possible in a significant number of @entity1 with localized recurrent @entity1204 . @entity1161 paired with complete surgical resection utilizing extended procedures is paramount to achieving optimal outcomes.

title: Radical pelvic resection and intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent XXXX : technique and analysis of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative radiation']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The relative merits of measuring blood concentrations of @entity1641 chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG, previously known as pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)), or @entity19517 (OS), or faecal OS concentrations for determining pregnancy status in miniature @entity1641 were investigated. Pregnant mares between 40 and 140 days after mating had serum eCG concentrations > 1 I.U. @entity19264 , with the highest concentrations occurring between days 50 and 120. However, eCG measurements were susceptible to returning a 'false positive' diagnosis of pregnancy. Plasma OS concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 3.6 ng @entity19264 in non-pregnant mares, whereas pregnant mares beyond 100 days post-mating all had plasma OS concentrations > 30 ng @entity19264 . Faecal OS concentrations ranged from 4 to 89 ng g-1 in non-pregnant mares. For faecal samples collected from pregnant mares 150 days or more after mating, 97% of samples had OS concentrations > 85 ng g-1, the value 3 standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. None had values below 67 ng g-1, the value 2 standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. These results show that measurement of eCG is suitable for determining pregnancy status in miniature mares between 40 and 100 days post-mating. However, mares returning a 'pregnant' diagnosis should undergo a blood OS test 100 or more days after mating to eliminate the possibility of a 'false positive' diagnosis. Measuring blood OS is recommended as the method of choice for determining pregnancy status in miniature mares 100 or more days after mating. Faecal OS measurements provide a non-invasive alternative to blood OS testing from 150 days post-mating. However, the discrimination between 'pregnant' and 'non-pregnant' levels of OS is not as great in faeces as it is in blood.

title: Comparison of the merits of measuring @entity1641 chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and blood and faecal concentrations of XXXX for determining the pregnancy status of miniature @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone sulphate']

answer: @entity19517 :: (MESH:C017296,Chemical) :: ['oestrone sulphate']


abstract: For a long time, the hypothalamic nonapeptide @entity398 (OT) is known to play a crucial role in many reproductive and behavioral functions. In recent years, a new biological effect of OT has been identified in neoplastic pathology. In this context, OT acts as a growth regulator. through the activation of specific G-coupled transmembrane receptors ( @entity25809 ). In vitro, an antiproliferative effect of OT was demonstrated in neoplastic cells of either epithelial (mammary and endometrial) or nervous or bone origin, all expressing @entity25809 . Furthermore, the growth-inhibiting effect of OT was also tested and confirmed in @entity19 and @entity35 mammary @entity189 in vivo. In neoplastic cells from another OT target tissue, trophoblast, the OT effect was to promote proliferation, the opposite of what previously observed in all the other @entity5 responsive cells. The signal transduction involved in the OT biological effect was different in OT growth-inhibited or growth-stimulated cells. In the former, the OT effect was mediated by the activation of the @entity268 -PKA pathway, a non-conventional OT signaling, whereas in the latter by the increase of intracellular @entity460 and @entity669 phosphorylation, which are the 'classical' OT transducers. The unexpected role of OT (and OT analogues) in regulating cell proliferation, as well as the diffuse expression of @entity25809 in neoplastic tissue of different origin, open new perspectives on the biological role of the OT- @entity25809 system in @entity5 .

title: Biological relevance of @entity398 and XXXX receptors in @entity5 cells and primary @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic OT', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity64 . A base pair substitution @entity8996 in the promoter region of the @entity650 gene regulates @entity650 gene expression. We compared the prevalence of this polymorphism in @entity1 with @entity64 and in an age- and sex-matched cohort of asymptomatic controls. Eighty-two @entity1 with @entity64 and 82 asymptomatic controls were prospectively assessed and genotyped for the @entity8996 polymorphism in the promoter region of the @entity650 gene. Demographics and vascular risk factors were recorded in both groups. A brain computed tomography scan/magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the clinical diagnosis of @entity64 in all @entity1 . The prevalence of CC genotype (18.3 vs. 7.3%, P=0.03), and the frequency of C allele (42.7 vs. 31.1%, P=0.03) were statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity64 than in asymptomatic controls. Expectedly, @entity1 with @entity64 had a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors than asymptomatic controls. A logistic regression model showed that independent variables associated with @entity64 included history of @entity101 (odds ratio (OR), 7.02; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.11-15.81), @entity6 (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.52-8.89), @entity407 (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.04-11.25), smoking (OR, 5.84; 95% CI, 2.15-15.84), and CC genotype of the @entity8996 @entity650 gene polymorphism (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.22-15.00). These findings suggest that @entity64 might result from genetic susceptibility to @entity32 -mediated damage in concert with atherosclerotic risk factors.

title: A XXXX polymorphism of the @entity650 gene in @entity1 with lacunar infarction.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity8996 :: (c|SUB|G|-174|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-174G/C']


abstract: Wildlife @entity137 reference values (TRVs) are routinely used during screening level and baseline ecological risk assessments (ERAs). Risk assessment professionals often adopt TRVs from published sources to expedite risk analyses. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) to provide a source of TRVs that would improve consistency among risk assessments. We conducted a survey and evaluated more than 50 publicly available, large-scale ERAs published in the last decade to evaluate if USEPA's goal of uniformity in the use of wildlife TRVs has been met. In addition, these ERAs were reviewed to understand current practices for wildlife @entity15510 use and development within the risk assessment community. The use of no observed and lowest observed adverse effect levels culled from published compendia was common practice among the majority of ERAs reviewed. We found increasing use over time of TRVs established in the Eco-SSL documents; however, Eco-SSL @entity15510 values were not used in the majority of recent ERAs and there continues to be wide variation in TRVs for commonly studied contaminants (e.g., metals, pesticides, @entity2556 , and @entity3215 ). Variability in the @entity137 values was driven by differences in the key studies selected, dose estimation methods, and use of uncertainty factors. These differences result in TRVs that span multiple orders of magnitude for many of the chemicals examined. This lack of consistency in @entity15510 development leads to highly variable results in ecological risk assessments conducted throughout the United States.

title: Efforts to standardize wildlife XXXX values remain unrealized.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although Mycobacterium massiliense @entity358 is increasing in @entity1 with @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 bronchiectasis, optimal treatment regimens remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral @entity7646 therapy after an initial two-week course of combination antibiotics for treating of M. massiliense @entity358 . METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 received oral @entity7187 , along with an initial four-week (n = 28) or two-week (n = 43) intravenous (IV) @entity4509 and @entity3398 (or @entity2892 ) treatment. These @entity1 were treated for 24 months (4-week IV group) or for at least 12 months after negative sputum culture conversion (2-week IV group). RESULTS: Total treatment duration was longer in the 4-week IV group (median 23.9 months) than in the 2-week IV group (15.2 months, P < .001). The response rates after 12 months of treatment were 89% for symptoms, 79% for computed tomography, and 100% for negative sputum cultures in the 4-week IV group. In the 2-week IV group, these values were 100% (P = .057), 91% (P = .177), and 91% (P = .147) respectively. Acquired @entity7646 resistance developed in two @entity1 in the 2-week IV group. Genotyping analyses of isolates from @entity1 who failed to convert sputum culture to negative during treatment and from those who has positive culture after successful treatment completion revealed that most episodes were due to reinfection with different genotypes of M. massiliense. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity7646 therapy after an initial two-week course of combination antibiotics might be effective in most @entity1 with M. massiliense @entity358 .

title: Oral XXXX Therapy Following Short-term Combination Antibiotic Treatment for Mycobacterium massiliense Lung Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity7646 :: (CHEBI:25106,Chemical) :: ['Macrolide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14534 is a pro-drug of the oral reversible direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 that interacts with the active site in the catalytic domain of the @entity556 molecule. OBJECTIVE: To assess the electrophysiological effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of @entity14534 in healthy subjects, a thorough QT study was performed. METHODS: In this single-centre, blinded, placebo- and active-controlled, four-period, crossover study, 40 healthy Caucasian subjects (20 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) received single oral doses of @entity14534 (150 mg and 600 mg), @entity3477 400 mg (positive control) or placebo, in a randomized order. Electrocardiogram (ECG) profiles were recorded at baseline and during the randomized study treatment in each period. The individually heart-rate-corrected QT interval (QTcI) was the primary parameter. The primary endpoint was the mean of these QTcI values obtained at 1.5, 2 and 3 h following study drug administration minus the mean of the time-matched QTcI values obtained at baseline day -1. The hypothesis tested was that the difference between each of the two doses of @entity14534 (150 mg and 600 mg) and placebo, for the mean time-matched change from baseline (CfB) of QTcI between 1.5 and 3 h (the primary endpoint), was greater than or equal to 10 ms. Secondary endpoints were the time-matched CfB of QTcI between 0.5 and 24 h post-dose. RESULTS: All subjects completed the study without premature discontinuation and all treatments were well tolerated. Following @entity14534 administration, the mean values of the placebo-adjusted time-matched CfB of QTcI between 1.5 and 3 h post-dose were close to 0; the upper bound of the two-sided 90 % confidence interval (CI) was 1.4 ms for @entity14534 150 mg and 1.3 ms for @entity14534 600 mg. The placebo-adjusted time-matched CfB of QTcI remained close to 0 at all time points, and all 90 % CIs were between -5 ms and 5 ms, well below the pre-defined non-inferiority margin of 10 ms. CONCLUSION: This thorough QT study demonstrated that therapeutic and fourfold supratherapeutic doses of @entity14534 do not prolong QT intervals.

title: XXXX does not prolong the QT interval with supratherapeutic exposure: a thorough QT study in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate', 'dabigatran etexilate']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['Dabigatran']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of the D allele of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene I/D polymorphism in the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity647 and acute @entity649 (ALI/ @entity649 ) remains controversial. Our aim was to assess simultaneously the effect of the @entity1289 I/D polymorphisms as well as the serum and BALF @entity1289 levels on prognosis of @entity1 with @entity649 . METHODS: Sixty-nine mechanically ventilated @entity1 with ALI/ @entity649 were recruited. @entity1289 activity levels both in serum and BALF were assessed by chemical methods. @entity1 were genotyped for @entity1289 I/D polymorphisms. Time-to-event analysis evaluated the variables associated with the 28-day and 90-day mortality. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of studies examining the association between @entity1289 I/D polymorphisms and mortality of ALI/ @entity649 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the multivariable model, age, lung compliance, serum @entity880 and serum @entity1289 levels were significantly associated with both 28- and 90-day mortality. No significant correlation was found between serum and BALF @entity1289 levels (Spearman's rho=0.054; P=0.66). Serum @entity1289 concentrations were significantly higher (P=0.046) in @entity1 with D/D genotype versus the two other groups combined (I/D and I/I genotypes). The meta-analysis of 6 studies (including ours) provided evidence that D allele is significantly associated with increased mortality in ALI/ @entity649 @entity1 , yielding a per-allele odds ratio of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.59). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity1289 levels appear to be affected by the I/D polymorphism and are correlated with prognosis in @entity1 with ALI/ @entity649 indicating that further investigation of the clinical significance of the @entity1289 in @entity649 might be of value.

title: Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and its expression on clinical outcome in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant portion of @entity135 @entity1 will develop persistent or recurrent disease after definitive treatment. Radiation therapy is often used as definitive therapy or as an adjunct to surgery. Recurrent @entity135 in the previously irradiated field is, thus, a common occurrence and poses a therapeutic challenge. Some studies have evaluated low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy as a therapeutic option, including a large case series with long-term follow-up by our own institution. @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy offers therapeutic advantages over LDR brachytherapy. This study evaluates the local control and outcomes of @entity1 with previously irradiated recurrent @entity135 treated with @entity1168 interstitial brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1997 and 2002, 30 @entity1 who received prior radiation therapy for @entity5 of the head and neck were treated for biopsy-proven recurrent disease. All @entity1 received previous radiation as definitive therapy alone or as adjunct to surgery. All @entity1 were inoperable, refused surgery, or had gross @entity66 after salvage surgery for their recurrent disease. Thirty-six sites on the 30 @entity1 were implanted by application of @entity1168 interstitial brachytherapy techniques with mean @entity5 dose of 34 Gy (18-48 Gy) in twice daily fractions of 300 to 400 cGy per fraction. RESULTS: At a minimum follow-up of 12 months, local @entity5 control was achieved in 69% of implanted sites. Disease-specific survival at 1 and 2 years was 54% and 45%, respectively. Overall survival at 1 and 2 years was 56% and 37%, respectively. Grade 3/4 late complications occurred in 16% of the @entity1 . No fatal complications occurred. CONCLUSION: @entity1168 brachytherapy can play an important role in the salvage treatment of previously irradiated recurrent @entity135 . This study shows that comparable results are obtained by @entity1168 brachytherapy with fewer late complications than were indicated by previously reported data for LDR brachytherapy.

title: Salvage @entity1168 ( XXXX ) brachytherapy for recurrent @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer', 'cancer of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate', 'High-dose-rate']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['HDR']


abstract: Fc gamma RII ( @entity222 ), the receptor for the Fc part of IgG, is responsible for the clearance of immunocomplexes by macrophages and plays a role in the regulation of antibody production by B cells. To investigate the process of immunocomplex binding in terms of stoichiometry and stability of the Fc gamma RII:IgG complex, we produced both Fc gamma RII isoforms ( @entity222 and @entity22676 ) as soluble proteins in insect cells. The expressed proteins could be purified in high yields and were biologically active as judged by their ability to bind IgG. Thus, the minor glycosylation performed by the insect cells is not crucial for the binding of the usually highly glycosylated Fc gamma RII to IgG. The dissociation constant of the sFc gamma RIIa:IgG-hFc complex was determined by fluorescence titration (KD = 2.5 x 10(-)7 M). Complementary sFc gamma RIIa antagonizes immunocomplex binding to B cells. Here sFc gamma RIIa showed a comparable dissociation constant (KD = 1.7 x 10(-)7 M) which was almost 10-fold lower than the constant for @entity22676 . The stoichiometry of the FcRIIa:IgG-hFc complex was determined by equilibrium gel filtration and shows that IgG is able to bind alternatively one or two Fc gamma RII molecules in a noncooperative manner. Furthermore, in an ELISA-based assay the isotype specificity of various anti-Fc gamma RII monoclonal antibodies was measured as well as their ability to interfere with the IgG recognition through its receptors. To further investigate the molecular basis of the Fc gamma RII-ligand interaction, we crystallized @entity22676 . Trigonal crystals diffracted to 3 A and the structure solution is in progress.

title: Characterization and crystallization of soluble human Fc gamma receptor II ( XXXX ) isoforms produced in insect cells.

answer: @entity222 :: (2212,Gene) :: ['CD32']


abstract: Instillation of crystalline @entity3440 into the lungs of @entity19 is a common experimental model of @entity3794 . Typically, a suspension of @entity3440 in saline is injected into the @entity825 via intubation or surgical tracheostomy. These techniques require a high degree of technical skill, have a lengthy training period, and can suffer from a high failure rate. In @entity11876 , a droplet of liquid is placed in the @entity2133 while simultaneously holding its tongue (to block the swallow reflex) and pinching its nose shut, forcing it to breathe through its mouth, aspirating the liquid. To determine whether @entity11876 ( @entity11876 ) could replace intratracheal instillation (IT) in a model of @entity3440 -induced @entity82 , a comparison was performed. Crystalline @entity3440 was introduced into the lungs of male C57BL/6 @entity19 by the IT or @entity11876 procedure, and the resulting @entity32 and @entity82 was assessed after 3 weeks. IT and @entity11876 instillation of @entity3440 both resulted in @entity32 and fibrotic changes, including interstitial @entity82 and dense fibrotic foci. @entity19 treated via IT demonstrated a few large lesions proximal to conducting airways with little involvement of the distal parenchyma and large interanimal variability. In contrast, @entity11876 resulted in a diffuse pathology with numerous fibrotic foci distributed throughout the lung parenchyma, which is more representative of @entity1 @entity358 . @entity11876 - but not IT-treated @entity19 exhibited significantly increased lung collagen content. Furthermore, the interanimal variability within the @entity11876 group was significantly less than in the IT group. Oropharyngeal aspiration should be considered as an alternative to intratracheal instillation of @entity3440 and other particulates in studies of @entity137 and @entity358 .

title: Oropharyngeal aspiration of a XXXX suspension produces a superior model of silicosis in the @entity19 when compared to intratracheal instillation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal aspiration', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ["animal's mouth"]

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung disease', 'lung disease']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: A 1.5-kb genomic DNA fragment situated upstream from the quail @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) gene transcription site was isolated. This upstream region starts 15 bp from the translation initiation site. It contains two canonical TATA boxes, at positions -37 and -297, three putative glucocorticoid-responsive elements, at positions -1487, -1329, and -1268, and one putative @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-responsive element (CRE) at position -53, as well as a putative negative regulatory element consensus sequence at position -735. The consensus POU-Oct site is partly conserved. Comparison of the 5' flanking sequences of quail and @entity1 ( @entity291 , @entity1 , and @entity35 ) TH genes revealed a strong sequence conservation within the 230 @entity2036 upstream of the TATA box, with a distinct conservation of the CRE region. Constructs in which the bacterial @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was linked to promoter stretches of increasing lengths were transfected into three cell lines, two of them originating from quail and @entity35 neural crest and the third derived from @entity19 fibroblasts. Reporter gene expression was specifically high in the quail and @entity35 neural crest-derived cells compared to the fibroblast cell line. The physiological activity of this putative quail CRE was analyzed further in transfected neural crest cells of quail origin. Both @entity268 analogues and agents that enhance intracellular @entity268 increased CAT activity. The physiological relevance of this finding is sustained by the presence, in quail nuclear extracts, of a protein(s) that binds CRE consensus sequences.

title: The quail XXXX hydroxylase gene promoter contains an active @entity1919 -responsive element.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The objective is to present the design of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a behavioural graded activity programme compared with manual therapy in @entity1 with @entity12761 . Sub-acute is defined as @entity158 existing for 4-12 weeks. The behavioural graded activity programme is a time-contingent increase in activities from baseline towards pre-determined goals. Manual therapy consists mainly of specific spinal mobilization techniques and exercises. The primary outcomes are global perceived effect and functional status. Secondary outcomes are kinesiophobia, distress, coping, @entity308 and @entity2531 . The intensity and persistence of the @entity158 and its interference with activities are also assessed. Direct and indirect costs are measured by means of cost diaries. Measurements take place at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks after randomization. To assess the long-term effect, measurements will also take place after 6 and 12 months. Finally some challenges are discussed concerning the use of a behavioural graded activity programme, manual therapy and outcomes.

title: Comparison of the effectiveness of a behavioural graded activity program and manual therapy in @entity1 with XXXX : design of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['sub-acute neck pain']

answer: @entity12761 :: (MESH:D059787,Disease) :: ['sub-acute neck pain']


abstract: Activating mutations of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) in @entity2 are associated with a dramatic response to @entity669 kinase inhibitors. Therefore, routine analysis of pathological specimens is mandatory in clinical practice. We have prospectively tested @entity5 from Caucasian @entity2 @entity1 between January 2010 and June 2012. DNA was extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissues following macrodissection. The @entity9512 substitution was assessed by allele-specific PCR and exon 19 deletions by PCR and DNA fragment analysis. Using a robust process from @entity1 sampling to screening methods, we analyzed samples from 1,403 @entity1 . The @entity470 status could be successfully determined for 1,322 @entity1 . @entity470 mutations were detected in 179 (13.5%) @entity1 , with female and @entity420 histology predominance. Mutated @entity1 were significantly older than non-mutated @entity1 . Similar mutation rates were obtained with @entity5 and @entity3 , and with surgical resection, bronchial biopsies, CT-guided needle biopsies and transbronchial needle aspiration. The sensitivity of our assays allowed us to detect @entity470 mutations in samples poor (<10%) in @entity5 cells. Finally, the mutation rate was much higher in @entity5 expressing the @entity10922 antigen (145/820; 17.7%) than in @entity10922 negative @entity5 (3/218; 1.4%). The results obtained through routine analysis of more than 1,300 samples indicated that all types of specimen can be analyzed without any significant bias. @entity10922 immunostaining may be used to predict negative @entity470 mutation status.

title: Detection of XXXX gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: lessons from a single-institution routine analysis of 1,403 @entity5 samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: The effects of lead exposure on cognitive function have been intensively studied during the past decade, but relatively little effort has been made to understand the impact on sensory function. @entity227 , however, could have profound effects on learning. The objectives of this paper are to review what is known about the effects of lead exposure on @entity227 and to identify related research needs. In particular, the effects of lead exposure on sensory function in @entity1 , which have not been studied adequately, will be discussed. Evidence from @entity1 and animal studies reveal that lead exposure impairs auditory function. The cochlear nerve and more central structures appear to be preferentially sensitive in both developing and mature @entity1 and experimental animals. Elevations in hearing thresholds and increased latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potential have been reported at low-moderate levels of lead exposure. Higher doses of lead increase the threshold of the auditory nerve action potential, produce segmental @entity17 and @entity528 , but appear to have no effect on cochlear microphonics or structure. Lead exposure affects both the @entity227 of the developing and mature visual system. Low to moderate level developmental lead exposure produces selective rod deficits which can be detected with electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. At slightly higher levels of lead exposure the visual cortex is affected. A wide range of functional and neurochemical effects on retinal function occurring at blood lead levels below 20 micrograms/dl, the current level of concern, have been observed in @entity35 . Structural, biophysical and photochemical similarities of rods in @entity35 , monkeys and @entity1 argue the relevance of this data for pediatric lead screening. To date, however, rod-mediated visual functions have not been examined in lead-exposed @entity1 . Undetected sensory deficits of these kinds may have profound impact on the motor and mental development of @entity1 as well as on the quality of life of affected adults. There is clearly a need for more extensive sensory testing in @entity1 and workers to screen for lead-induced health effects and in animal models to clarify the mechanisms of lead @entity2359 .

title: Auditory and XXXX following lead exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Subtle impairments of visual and/or auditory processing', 'retina and visual cortex', 'visual and auditory function']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration of the cochlear nerve']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both pemetrexed and @entity136 have single-agent activity in @entity150 , but the combination of these two drugs has not been previously evaluated for safety and efficacy in this disease. Thus, the objectives in the current study were to determine overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival, overall survival and safety and @entity137 in chemonaive @entity1 with locally advanced and/or metastatic transitional cell @entity189 of the urothelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity136 1250 mg/m2 was administered over 30 min i.v. on days 1 and 8, and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 over 10 min i.v. on day 8 after @entity136 , every 21 days. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 were enrolled, 11 female and 53 male, median age 65 years (range 38-81), median WHO performance status of 1. Visceral metastases were present in 55% of @entity1 . ORR among 47 @entity1 evaluable for response was 28% (95% CI 16% to 43%) and ORR for the intention-to-treat population was 20% (95% CI 11% to 32%) with three CR and 10 PR. Median response duration was 11.2 months and median overall survival 10.3 months (95% CI 8.1-14.6 months). CTC grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity417 (19%), @entity882 (9%), @entity1398 (38%), @entity1398 (17%) and @entity1398 (3%). Grade 3/4 non-hematologic @entity137 included elevated transaminases (12%), @entity1353 (8%), @entity1295 (8%) and @entity3136 (5%). There was one @entity137 due to @entity1398 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of pemetrexed and @entity136 had a manageable safety profile. However, efficacy was apparently not superior to that of single-agent @entity136 .

title: A phase II trial of pemetrexed plus @entity136 in locally advanced and/or metastatic transitional cell XXXX of the urothelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic death', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity460 is a major ion in @entity1 metabolism and its level is highly controlled. This regulation is performed via the @entity460 Sensing Receptor, a discovery which ten years ago led to the explanation of a number of clinical disorders. The syndromes caused by @entity1631 abnormalities are characterized by @entity2741 or @entity3747 , associated with inappropriate calciuria. An underlying genetic or auto-immune cause may be demonstrated. High blood @entity460 levels linked to mutations of the @entity1631 gene lead to familial hypocalciuric @entity2741 and the neonatal and non neonatal forms with severe hypercalcemic. @entity3747 determined by mutations in the @entity1631 gene include autosomal dominant @entity3747 and its sporadic form. Another clinical presentation similar to @entity9475 has been reported. Auto-antibodies directed against CaSRs, seen in auto-immune diseases, can lead to similar clinical presentations. Finally, @entity1631 polymorphisms modulate the range of blood @entity460 levels. With diagnosis of these diseases deleterious therapeutics can be avoided. The discovery of this receptor has led to new therapeutic prospects such as calcimimetics for @entity1378 .

title: [ XXXX sensing receptor: physiology and pathology].

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemia', 'hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ['Bartter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Rituximab has been added to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the last 10 years for refractory @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ). We performed a retrospective single institution study to determine if @entity1 with @entity2106 treated with @entity25642 and rituximab experienced relapses. We reviewed the electronic and apheresis records of @entity1 treated between 2003 and 2008 and collected the following parameters: demographics, laboratory results, treatment characteristics, and follow-up. We identified 12 @entity1 with @entity2105 <5% due to an inhibitor who received TPE and rituximab during the study period. The mean number of TPEs required to achieve remission was 24    3, time to remission was 28    3 days, and hospital length of stay was 36    4 days. During a mean follow-up of 73.4    6 months, four @entity1 (33%) relapsed. On average, relapse occurred at 62    8.5 months postachievement of remission. The one-year, three-year, and five-year relapse free-survival (RFS) rates were 92%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, we failed to identify independent predictors of relapse. This retrospective analysis does not support the notion that @entity2408 prevents or decreases the rate of relapse in @entity2106 . Prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm this observation.

title: Relapses of XXXX after treatment with rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if withdrawing @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) after 6 months of combination etanercept ( @entity13469 )+ @entity1500 , in @entity1500 -inadequate responders with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ), is non-inferior to continuing @entity13469 + @entity1500 . METHODS: @entity5 factor-inhibitor na  ve @entity309 @entity1 with disease activity score 28 (DAS28)>= 3.2, swollen joint count>= 3, despite stable @entity1500 , were treated with @entity13469 + @entity1500 for 6 months, followed by randomisation to either continue @entity13469 + @entity1500 or switch to @entity13469 monotherapy for an additional 18 months. The primary endpoint was change in DAS28 from 6-month randomisation to 12 months. The non-inferiority margin of change in DAS28 was 0.6, with prespecified analyses (DAS28<3.2 vs DAS28>= 3.2). RESULTS: 205 @entity1 were randomised. DAS28 was stable in @entity1 on @entity13469 + @entity1500 and increased slightly in @entity1 on @entity13469 monotherapy from 6 to 12 months. @entity75 was not achieved, with an adjusted difference of 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) between the @entity13469 and the @entity13469 + @entity1500 groups, for the month 6-12 change in DAS28. However, @entity1 who achieved low disease activity (LDA; DAS28<3.2) at 6 months had a similar disease activity at 12 months, whether on monotherapy or combination therapy (DAS28 change 0.7 @entity13469 vs 0.57 @entity13469 + @entity1500 , p=0.8148). Conversely, for @entity1 who did not reach LDA at 6 months, those on @entity13469 monotherapy had increased disease activity at 12 months, while disease activity continued to decrease for @entity1 on combination therapy, at 12 months (DAS28 change 0.4 @entity13469 vs -0.4 @entity13469 + @entity1500 , p=0.0023). CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 was not achieved. Withdrawing @entity1500 after 6 months of continuation @entity13469 + @entity1500 in @entity1500 inadequate responders did not yield the same degree of improvement between 6 and 12 months compared with continuing @entity13469 + @entity1500 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT00654368.

title: The Canadian @entity1499 and etanercept outcome study: a randomised trial of discontinuing versus continuing XXXX after 6 months of etanercept and @entity1499 therapy in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Non-inferiority']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: This prospective study was conducted at Bamrasnaradura Hospital from November 11, 2002, until January 5, 2003, in order to describe the clinical manifestations and determine the aetiologies as well as to assess the short-term outcome of @entity401 in @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 . 59 @entity1 with interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs were included in the study. @entity378 ( @entity378 ) was the most common diagnosis (44%), followed by @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ) (25.4%), @entity2028 (20.3%) and @entity364 (10.2%). In @entity378 , compared to other diagnoses, a mild cough (p = 0.031), pallor (p = 0.021), lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001), an absence of @entity272 (p = 0.003), a higher mean body temperature (p = 0.004) and an absence of dyspnoea on exertion (p = 0.042) were significant findings. In @entity10592 , compared to other diagnoses, dyspnoea on exertion (p = 0.014), nonpurulent sputum production (p = 0.047), a higher mean respiratory rate (p < 0.001), and an absence of lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001) were significant factors. In @entity2028 , compared to other diagnoses, production of purulent sputum (p = 0.014), haemoptysis (p = 0.006), @entity272 (p = 0.002) and severe cough (p = 0.040) were significantly associated factors. In @entity364 , compared to other diagnoses, @entity10 and @entity272 were common findings, but no factor showed a significant association. After four weeks, 59.3% @entity1 were alive and 13.6% had died. Among those alive, 88.6% had clinically improved. The cumulative survival after 28 days was highest among @entity10592 @entity1 , followed by @entity2028 , @entity378 and @entity364 , but these differences were statistically not significant (p = 0.453).

title: Clinical features, aetiology and short-term outcome of @entity401 in XXXX / @entity791 @entity1 at Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Nonthaburi, Thailand.

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['PCP', 'Pneumocystis pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'papulonecrotic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective cerebral perfusion is one of the most popular methods for cerebral protection during aortic arch repair. However, causes of postoperative @entity75 are not fully understood. We analyzed @entity75 after aortic arch repair using selective cerebral perfusion for true @entity449 in regard to preoperative @entity385 and intracranial and @entity432 . METHODS: Over a 9-year period, 60 @entity1 with true @entity449 underwent aortic arch repair using selective cerebral perfusion. Postoperative @entity75 was evaluated in regard to preoperative @entity385 detected by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or both in 50 @entity1 and intracranial and @entity432 detected by digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or both in 35 @entity1 . RESULTS: Seven (12%) of the 60 @entity1 died within 30 days of operation. Postoperative @entity75 occurred in 6 (10.5%) (3, @entity772 , and 3, @entity1158 ) of 57 @entity1 ; 3 @entity1 who died without awakening were excluded. Preoperatively, old @entity385 was detected in 9 @entity1 (18%), and silent @entity385 ( @entity1188 and @entity10334 ) was diagnosed in 26 @entity1 (52%). Postoperative @entity75 occurred in 3 (33%) of the 9 @entity1 with preoperative @entity385 and in 3 (23%) of 13 @entity1 with negative preoperative brain findings; this excludes 2 @entity1 who died without awakening. No @entity1 with silent @entity385 had postoperative @entity75 . @entity432 was detected in 7 @entity1 (20%). The incidence of @entity75 in these @entity1 was 71% (5/7), which was significantly greater than that of 4% (1/28) in @entity1 without occlusive @entity455 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Silent @entity385 may not be a risk factor for postoperative @entity75 . Preoperative evaluation of intracranial and @entity432 provides important information as to whether a @entity1 might sustain @entity75 after aortic arch repair using selective cerebral perfusion.

title: XXXX after aortic arch repair using selective cerebral perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Occlusive arterial disease', 'extracranial occlusive arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 remains the most common surgical emergency in @entity1 , with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) now the standard of care. Same-day discharge ( @entity86 ) after LA is both feasible and safe in @entity1 treated for uncomplicated @entity698 . This study aims to determine if @entity86 following LA for @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity698 would improve the quality of care with respect to cost of treatment, @entity1 satisfaction, and complications when compared with a cohort admitted postoperatively. METHODS: An IRB-approved retrospective review of @entity1 , 1-18 years old, treated with LA for uncomplicated @entity698 and eligible for same-day discharge at our hospital from August 2012 to April 2015, was performed with telephone follow-up and satisfaction survey for @entity86 @entity1 . @entity1 discharged the @entity86 ( @entity86 ) were compared with those who were admitted postoperatively and discharged the @entity227 ( @entity227 ) for baseline characteristics, complications, length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges with Student's t-test. Significance was set at P   <   .05. RESULTS: Of 236 acute, uncomplicated @entity698 @entity1 , 121 (51%) had @entity86 and 115 (49%) had @entity227 . Baseline characteristics and @entity260 were similar, but @entity86 was associated with shorter LOS, 11.8        2.7 versus 24.8        21.2 (P   <   .001); lower costs,  10,551        2165 versus  12,691        3507 (P   <   .0001); and good family satisfaction, with 25/32 (80%) of those surveyed opting for @entity86 in the future. DISCUSSION: This study shows good @entity1 /family satisfaction following discharge from the recovery room in addition to expected cost and LOS savings, without increasing complications or shifting costs. @entity86 could become the standard of care, improving quality and value for these @entity1 , and a benchmark for emerging therapies.

title: Same-Day Discharge Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Uncomplicated XXXX as a Measure of Quality in the Pediatric Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['same day postoperatively', 'SD']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Appendicitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of an intra-articular @entity8745 ( @entity3443 ) injection has been shown to have benefits for symptoms of @entity626 ( @entity571 ). However, considerations beyond drug efficacy can influence the appropriateness, clinical effectiveness and potential harm of an injection. A review of research evidence and published literature on clinical and procedural factors influencing the effectiveness and safety of a knee injection has been undertaken. Factors include dose, frequency, contraindications, precautions, drug interactions, side-effects, and procedural and @entity1 -related considerations. An evaluation of evidence indicated that a 40   mg dose provides clinical benefit. No strong predictors of response were evident, with the exception of @entity158 severity. Additional benefit for outcomes from higher doses, local anaesthetic, ultrasound guidance or particular anatomical approaches is yet to be demonstrated. Evidence for dose- and duration-related detrimental effects suggests judicious use and frequency. The evaluation showed that there are a number of contraindications and precautions arising from the drug pharmacology, concurrent medications, comorbidities and adverse events which need consideration and monitoring. There was limited safety evidence concerning anticoagulation. The review found that specialist guidance and limited evidence suggests that injection safety concerning @entity1229 may be enhanced by ensuring that the international normalized ratio level is within therapeutic range. However, the risk-benefit evaluation concerning non   @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants remains challenging. Although there is published guidance, a lack of clinical studies, safety evidence and reversibility advocates caution. Overall, the review indicates that injection decisions and procedures need an individualized approach and supporting evidence is limited in many areas. Evaluation and discussion of benefits and risks, peri-procedural and post-injection management, and tailoring to the context and individuals' preferences are important in optimizing the benefits and safety of a knee injection.

title: Therapeutic Review of @entity8745 Intra-Articular Injection in the Management of XXXX of the Knee - Part 2: Clinical and Procedural Considerations.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proteins conserved from @entity375 to @entity1 hold two sister chromatids together. The failure to form cohesion in the S phase results in premature separation of chromatids in G2/M. Mitotic kinetochores free from microtubules or the lack of tension are known to activate spindle checkpoint. RESULTS: The loss of chromatid cohesion in @entity6739 mutants (mis4-242 and rad21-K1) leads to the activation of Mad2- and Bub1-dependent checkpoint, possibly due to a diminished microtubule-kinetochore interaction. Bub1, a checkpoint kinase, localizes briefly at early mitotic kinetochores in wild-type, whereas the cohesion mutation greatly increases the duration of kinetochore localization. Bub1 is bound to the central centromere region of mitotic cells. These cohesion mutants are hypersensitive to a tubulin poison and are synthetic lethal with dis1 and bir1/cut17, which are defective in microtubule-kinetochore interaction. The formation of specialized centromere chromatin containing CENP-A does not require cohesion. Dominant-negative noncleavable Rad21 fails to activate checkpoint but blocks sister chromatid separation and full spindle elongation in anaphase. CONCLUSIONS: Mis4 and Rad21 (budding @entity375 @entity51047 and @entity32217 homologs, respectively) act in establishing the normal spindle-kinetochore interaction in early mitosis and inhibit sister chromatid separation until the cleavage of Rad21 in anaphase. Checkpoint directly or indirectly monitors the states of cohesion in early mitosis. Full spindle extension occurs with unequal nuclear division in cohesion mutants in the absence of Mad2.

title: Requirement of chromatid cohesion proteins rad21/ @entity32217 and mis4/ @entity51047 for normal spindle-kinetochore interaction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Testament is a solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a @entity1 declares his or her will as to disposal of his or her estate, and it has a psychopathological, lawful and ethical importance to a @entity1 , family and society. The aim of the study was to assess if the ability to make a testament was more damaged in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) than in @entity1 with other diseases that resulted in @entity177 in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from the 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 753 respondents were divided into two groups in the study: @entity8 group (n=150) and control group made of @entity1 with other diseases resulting in @entity6192 (n=150). In a multicentric longitudinal study we used: adapted questionnaire from the Renal Register of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Descriptive analysis, discriminative function and regression model have been done statistically. RESULTS: In @entity8 group, heirs are mostly mentioned - 84.0% (t=14.391; P=0.001), and in control group: heirs - 66.6%, relatives - 43.3% (t=7.751; P=0.003), carers - 44.0% (t= 6.678 P=0.032), and institutions 10.0% (t=5.147, P=0.061). The discriminative function shows differences between @entity8 and control group: canonical correlation (rc) =0.827, @entity10970 (lambda nj) =0.871, Chi-square test =141.575 and significance (P=0.001). The regression course of the analysis can be used for prediction of the ability to make testament for the @entity1 on dialysis. [y=-0.95x + 15.715, and OR = 0.785, (95%) for CI = -0.997 - -0.375); Can Fanc r2=0.861: Significance is P=0.002]. CONCLUSION: The ability to make a testament is more damaged in @entity1 from the @entity8 group than in the @entity1 from the control group who are on dialysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This has been confirmed by socio-demographic and psychological parameters, and it is very important for preservation of the ethic norms of the @entity1 on dialysis, responsibility of the expert teams and @entity1 who are benefitiaries of the testament.

title: [Testament's ability in Balkan endemic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Balkan Endemic Nephropathy', 'BEN']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['Wilkinson lambda']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Renal Failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: Acquired @entity5409 (ACDK) reveals abnormal epithelial cell growth which suggests a cotinuum of cyst, @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In the present study, we examined potential role of @entity2277 and growth factors for cyst growth and proliferation in 20 cases with ACDK by immunoperoxidase staining method. 1281 cysts with @entity655 and 89 cysts with @entity655 ( @entity45 ) were studied. Intermediated filament, @entity2277 was positive in staining in 41.6% of cysts with @entity655 , in 73.1% of cyst with @entity655 and in 100% of @entity652 and RCCs. @entity2277 expression, therefore, may be considered as an indication of cellular differentiation among proliferating tubular or intracystic cells. In order to evaluate the growth and/or proliferative capabilities of @entity45 , @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity1722 gene product were determined in @entity45 , @entity652 and @entity420 . @entity4179 showed positive staining in 49.1% of cyst with @entity655 , in 68.4% of cyst with @entity655 , in 2 of 3 @entity652 and in 5 of 8 RCCs. @entity470 expression was observed in 61.7% of cyst with @entity655 , in 94.7% of cyst with @entity655 , in 100% of @entity652 and RCCs. Co-expression of @entity4179 and @entity470 was observed in 40.3% of cyst with @entity655 and in 67.1% of cyst with @entity655 . @entity1722 gene product was positive in 9.7% of cyst with @entity655 , in 100% of cyst with @entity655 and in 3 of 7 RCCs. These findings indicate that the expression of @entity2277 and overexpression of these growth factors and receptors appear to be one of the mechanisms operating in potentiating the abnormal growth of @entity45 , including potential for oncogenesis of @entity1358 .

title: [Immunohistochemical study in acquired @entity5409 --expression of @entity2277 , @entity4179 , XXXX and @entity1722 gene product].

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic disease of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst epithelia', 'atypical cyst']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['single-layered epithelia', 'multi-layered epithelia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: From December 1982 to March 1986 a group of 80 @entity1 between 0 and 3 years old who lived in the peripheral area of Bel  m, Brazil, were followed up for episodes of @entity294 . A total of 441 diarrhoeal episodes were recorded and 36 (8.2%) were associated with rotavirus. This agent was the only pathogen in 50% of rotavirus-related episodes of acute @entity294 , and strains were characterized by analysis of RNA in @entity2975 gels. Forty-one belonged to subgroup II (long pattern) and five to subgroup I. Reinfections by rotavirus were noted in 12 @entity1 involving either the same or different subgroups. Ten distinct electrophoretypes were detected in the study period and the predominant one had the '1N2L' profile. The cumulative age-specific attack rate for @entity294 reached 2.8 by the end of the first year of life; a frequency of 2.3 episodes of @entity294 per @entity1 per year was observed throughout the complete investigation. In comparing the age-specific attack rates for @entity294 between breast-fed and bottle-fed @entity1 , a peak at 6 months of age was noted in the former, and at 1 month in the latter. A comparison by Fischer's exact test (P = 0.21) provided no evidence for protection against clinical @entity6425 by maternal milk. By the same test, however (P = 0.021), we found significant evidence that early @entity6425 were more likely to be asymptomatic and that @entity281 after 4 months were more likely to be symptomatic. The clinical picture in @entity1 with rotavirus-related @entity294 was more severe than in those suffering from acute @entity294 due to another agent.

title: Longitudinal study of @entity6425 among XXXX from Bel  m, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infections', 'rotavirus disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Enterobiasis is the most common @entity4801 disease of the temperate zones and infects the @entity1 intestinal tract. In rare cases extraintestinal infections with @entity14188 may occur and can affect the female genital tract and peritoneal cavity. In most cases the @entity281 is asymptomatic, but there are also cases described in which peritoneal @entity18803 can cause @entity490 . METHODS: A case report and review of the pertinent literature. RESULTS: A 32-year-old @entity1 was admitted with cyclical lower @entity490 . With suspected @entity46 a diagnostic autofluorescence laparoscopy (DAFE) was performed. At surgery extensive peritoneal deposits were seen. Macroscopically these deposits were not typical for @entity46 . The histological examination showed @entity738 caused by @entity14188 eggs. The @entity1 was treated with @entity7400 . After completion of treatment the @entity1 was asymptomatic. At the second-look laparoscopy no more peritoneal changes were detected. CONCLUSION: @entity14188 may cause symptoms similar to @entity46 . In cases with reasonable suspicion it should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis.

title: Peritoneal enterobiasis causing XXXX -like symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity14188 :: ('51028', 'Species') :: ['Enterobius vermicularis', 'E. vermicularis']

entities_list: @entity18803 :: ('MESH:D017229', 'Disease') :: ['enterobiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 and @entity1205 have been claimed to be active single agents in advanced @entity788 . We determined the maximum tolerable dose of @entity1205 combined with a weekly fixed dose of @entity136 and assessed the activity of this combination in advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Phase I. @entity1 were treated with @entity136 on days 1 and 8, every three weeks, at a fixed dose of 1,000 mg/m2; @entity1205 was given at escalating doses starting from 70 mg/m2 on day 8. Phase II. In accord with the optimal two-stage phase II study design, 18 @entity1 were treated with @entity136 (1000 mg/m2) and the maximum tolerable dose of @entity1205 (70 mg/m2). RESULTS: Phase I. Dose-limiting @entity137 occurred at the second dose level of @entity1205 (80 mg/m2), with all three @entity1 developing grades 3 or 4 @entity1398 . Consequently, the dose tested in the phase II study was 70 mg/m2. Phase II. In the 18 @entity1 enrolled in the study, we registered only one partial response. The time to progression was 3 months, and the median treatment survival was 5.4 months. Grade 3-4 @entity137 consisted of @entity1398 (three episodes) and @entity882 (two episodes). Furthermore, 10 @entity1 complained of grade 3 fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity1205 to @entity136 does not appear to be useful in advanced @entity788 , since @entity136 alone achieves similar results.

title: A phase I-II study of @entity136 and XXXX in advanced @entity788 : a report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Based on the current concept of the @entity1547 -preventive mechanism of @entity1388 , the @entity1388 concentration of some professionally applied @entity1388 preparations appears unnecessarily high. The aim of this trial was to study whether reducing the @entity1388 concentration of the @entity3163 varnish Duraphat from the present 2.3% to 1.1% affects its clinical efficacy. A total of 274 @entity1 aged 12-14 years and having high past @entity1547 experience were randomly divided into two groups. The @entity1 received 3 annual applications of either 2.3% or 1.1% varnish for 3 years. Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of the follow-up. The mean total DMFS increments of the 2.3% and 1.1% varnish groups were 5.5 (SD 5.7) and 5.7 (5.3), respectively, when initial @entity1547 was excluded, and 14.3 (12.0) and 14.9 (12.9) when initial @entity1547 was included. The differences were statistically non-significant. There were no significant differences in the surface-specific DMFS increments between the groups either. The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the groups in total mean DMFS increment (initial @entity1547 excluded) was calculated at -1.21 to + 1.54, i.e. at this level of confidence at most 0.5 surfaces per year would have been saved using the more concentrated varnish. Consequently, it can be stated at a reasonable level of certainty that if a difference in the efficacy of the two varnishes exists, it probably is minute. Lowering the @entity1388 concentration of Duraphat is worth considering at least when used for @entity1 .

title: Caries-preventive effect of XXXX varnish with different @entity1388 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 who worked as a farmer was admitted to the hospital in August 1989 because of @entity3018 that was detected during a mass screening. Laboratory examination showed a high serum @entity16977 level and the PPD skin test was negative. Examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed non-caseous epithelioid cell @entity738 . @entity370 was diagnosed. The @entity1 was not treated, and the @entity3018 had lessened by 1992. The @entity1 was readmitted to our hospital because of right hilar and upper mediastinal enlargement seen on a chest radiograph in April 1994. Computed tomography and magnet resonance imaging disclosed an anterior mediastinal @entity5 in contact with the right upper lobe, the left inominate vein, and the pericardium. Bronchoscopy showed no abnormality in the right upper-lobe bronchus. Examination of a specimen obtained from the B3b bronchus showed no evidence of malignant cells. Examination of a @entity5 specimen obtained by transdermal biopsy showed @entity957 . After the @entity1 underwent combination chemotherapy, the @entity5 ws resected, along with the right upper lobe, the left inominate vein, and the pericardium, which were difficult to separate from the @entity5 . Postoperative pathological examination showed that @entity957 was intermingled with normal thymus tissue. We believe that @entity957 originated in the thymus. Non-caseous epithelioid cell @entity738 were also found in the resected right upper lobe and in a mediastinal lymph node. The @entity1 was discharged after post-operative irradiation of the mediastinum. @entity704 is rare, and @entity370 in a @entity1 with @entity704 is very rare. T lymphocytes are very important in the pathogenesis of @entity370 , and the thymus is involved in the growth and differentiation of T lymphocytes. The occurrence of these two diseases in one @entity1 is interesting, but the relationship is not clear.

title: [ XXXX associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis].

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'Thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Thymic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a longitudinal comparison of morbidity and mortality among white, south Asian and Afro-Caribbean @entity101 @entity1 in relation to baseline demographic characteristics and clinic and ambulatory blood pressure variables. DESIGN: Observational follow up study. SETTING: District general hospital and community setting in Harrow, England. @entity1 : 528 white, 106 south Asian, and 54 Afro-Caribbean subjects with essential @entity101 who had undergone 24 hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. INTERVENTIONS: Follow up for assessment of all cause morbidity and mortality over a mean (SD) of 9.2 (4.1) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity65 , coronary death, @entity204 , peripheral @entity204 , non-fatal @entity583 , @entity64 , coronary revascularisation. RESULTS: South Asians had the highest all cause event rate of 3.46, compared with 2.50 (NS) and 0.90 (p = 0.002) events/100 @entity1 -years for whites and Afro-Caribbeans, respectively. This was because of an excess of coronary events (2.86 v 1.32 events/100 @entity1 -years in south Asians v whites, respectively; p = 0.002). Age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), race (south Asians : whites, hazard ratio 1.79; p = 0.008), @entity6 (p = 0.05), previous history of @entity65 (p < 0.001), and 24 hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) were independent predictors of time to a first event. Clinic blood pressure did not provide additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian origin was an independent predictor of all cause events, mainly because of an excess of coronary events in this group. Ambulatory but not clinic blood pressure was of additional value in predicting subsequent morbidity and mortality.

title: Racial variation in XXXX and mortality in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular death', 'vascular death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Non-cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']