abstract: AIM: This study focuses on the potential role of @entity25249 positron emission tomography (PET) for the @entity5 characterization and localization in recurrent @entity263 after EBRT. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in @entity1 who were being followed up after EBRT for histological proven @entity263 . We selected the @entity1 with a local recurrence by @entity25249 PET/CT fusion. The results of PET were compared with the results of histology and with clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with a local recurrence suggested by PET were included in this study. According to PET results: of the 42 @entity1 , 15 (36%) had a focal recurrence, 27 (64%) showed a diffuse recurrence. The overall concordance of PET with histology concerning detection of recurrence was 76% (32 @entity1 had positive PET results and positive biopsies). We confirmed the local recurrence as visualized by PET in 37/42 (88%) @entity1 using a composite reference with histology and clinical follow up after local salvage treatment. The concordance of the intraprostatic distribution of the @entity5 with PET with histology from transrectal prostate biopsies (median biopsies 7, range 4-12) was 47% (7/15) in unilateral cases and 41% (11/27) in bilateral cases. No significant differences were seen between the 2 groups in serum PSA at time of PET (P=0.509) and SUV (P=0.739) using Student's t-test. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic characterization of recurrent @entity263 after EBRT with @entity25249 PET is feasible at present but shows a moderate concordance with routine transrectal prostate biopsies. The accuracy is too low for the routine use of this modality in the present scenario.

title: @entity25249 PET for the XXXX characterization and localization in recurrent @entity263 after EBRT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraprostatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraprostatic tumor']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary @entity3363 can modulate the development of @entity5132 biofilms on the denture material surface. @entity4625 acrylic resin discs were fabricated and had their surface roughness measured. Biofilms of @entity5132 ATCC 90028 were developed on saliva-coated specimens in culture medium without (control) or with @entity1735 supplementation by starch, starch+ @entity969 , @entity413 , or @entity969 for 72 h. The cell count, metabolic activity, biovolume, average thickness, and roughness coefficient were evaluated at the adhesion phase (1.5 h) and after 24, 48, and 72 h. The secretion of proteinases and phospholipases, cell surface energy, and production of extra/intracellular polysaccharides were analyzed after 72 h of biofilm development. Data were analyzed by one- and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test at 5% significance level. In the early stages of colonization (adhesion and 24 h), the @entity413 group showed the highest cell counts and metabolic activity among the groups (p<0.05). After maturation (48 and 72 h), biofilms exposed to @entity413 , @entity969 , or starch+ @entity969 showed higher cell counts and metabolic activity than the control and starch groups (p<0.001). Compared to the control group, biofilms developed on starch or starch+ @entity969 had more proteinase activity (p<0.001), whereas biofilms developed on @entity413 or @entity969 had more phospholipase activity (p<0.05). Exposure to starch+ @entity969 increased the production of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides (p<0.05). Biofilms developed on starch or without @entity1735 supplementation presented cells with more hydrophobic behavior compared to the other groups. Confocal images showed hyphae forms on biofilms exposed to starch or starch+ @entity969 . Within the conditions studied, it can be concluded that dietary @entity3363 can modulate biofilm development on the denture surface by affecting virulence factors and structural features.

title: Dietary XXXX modulate @entity5132 biofilm development on the denture surface.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly (methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: Many @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) suffer from metabolic and nutritional abnormalities. However, these abnormalities have been not sufficiently investigated. At present, the resolution of these issues in this field has been hindered by the lack of suitable @entity298 models. We attempt to develop a @entity35 model of @entity298 under no constraints and under non-anesthetization to evaluate @entity535 solution as suitable nutritional therapy for @entity177 . In our model, bilateral nephrectomy @entity35 were dialyzed 6 h per day for three days. The dialysate was infused and removed continually via a metering pump. Under fasting, @entity35 were infused with 5% @entity413 or @entity535 solution for @entity177 , and they remained alive. This model can be used to examine bilateral nephrectomy in @entity35 for three or more days. We were also able to determine protein and calorie @entity3147 , negative @entity1568 balance, abnormalities in the plasma @entity535 pattern, and @entity460 and @entity3151 metabolism. Thus, this model has the characteristics of @entity177 in @entity1 and may be used to easily examine the metabolic changes due to @entity8 .

title: New @entity298 model in XXXX with bilateral nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['loss of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Background Significant gaps exist between guidelines-recommended therapies for @entity65 prevention and current practice. Fixed-dose combination pills ('polypills') potentially improve adherence to therapy. This study is a preference study undertaken in conjunction with a clinical trial of a polypill and seeks to examine the underlying reasons for variations in treatment adherence to recommended therapy. Methods/design A preference study comprising: (1) Discrete Choice Experiment for @entity1 ; and (2) qualitative study of @entity1 and providers. Both components will be conducted on @entity1 in the trial. A joint model combining the observed adherence in the clinical trial (revealed preference) and the Discrete Choice Experiment data (stated preference) will be estimated. Estimates will be made of the marginal effect (importance) of each attribute on overall choice, the extent to which respondents are prepared to trade-off one attribute for another and predicted values of the level of adherence given a fixed set of attributes, and contextual and socio-demographic characteristics. For the qualitative study, a thematic analysis will be used as a means of exploring in depth the preferences and ultimately provide important narratives on the experiences and perspectives of individuals with regard to adherence behaviour. Ethics and dissemination Primary ethics approval was received from Sydney South West Area Health Service @entity1 Research Ethics Committee (Royal Prince Alfred Hospital zone). In addition to usual scientific forums, the findings will be reported back to the communities involved in the studies through site-specific reports and oral presentations.

title: What determines adherence to treatment in XXXX prevention? Protocol for a mixed methods preference study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has targeted @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) as preventable "never events" and has discontinued reimbursement for these conditions following selected orthopedic procedures. We sought to determine the relationship between @entity1150 / @entity358 and in-hospital mortality, @entity260 , length of stay, and costs in @entity135 ( @entity135 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 93,663 @entity1 who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or @entity11876 in 2003 to 2008 were analyzed using cross-tabulations and multivariate regression modeling. RESULTS: @entity1150 / @entity358 was diagnosed in 1,860 cases (2%) and was significantly associated with major surgical procedures (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; P = .048) and advanced comorbidity (OR, 1.7; P = .034). After controlling for all other variables, no association was found between a diagnosis of @entity1150 / @entity358 and @entity28 , @entity353 , age, chronic @entity299 , @entity912 , and smoking in this @entity135 surgical population. @entity1150 / @entity358 was associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 3.1; P = .001), @entity260 (OR, 2.1; P < .001), acute medical complications (OR, 1.9; P < .001), and was associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and hospital-related costs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1150 / @entity358 is uncommon in @entity135 @entity1 but is associated with increased mortality, @entity260 , length of hospitalization, and hospital-related costs. The lack of correlation with known modifiable variables suggests that despite advances in targeted prophylaxis, @entity1 with @entity1442 and comorbidity remain at increased risk. Caution must be used in the institution of reforms that threaten to inadequately reimburse the provision of care in vulnerable populations.

title: The effect of @entity1150 on short-term outcomes and cost of care after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNCA', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative surgical complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between histopathological subtype of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity2008 , and compare the difference of @entity2008 . METHODS: Routine G banding chromosome analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization( FISH) were performed on lymph node specimens from 155 @entity1893 @entity1 . RESULTS: Diffuse large @entity1892 ( DLBCL) constituted 38.1% of the cases followed by @entity706 (FL) 17.4% , small @entity1072 ( SLL) 10.3% , @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) ( unspecified) 8.4%, and @entity706 7.1%. One hundred nineteen @entity1 (76. 8%) had clonal @entity2008 . The incidence of @entity2008 among FL, SLL, DLBCL, @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ) and @entity11511 ( @entity784 ) was 96.3% , 87.5% , 86.4%, 83.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Complex karyotype was 86. 3% in DLBCL. The most frequent structural abnormalities in DLBCL involved chromosomes 3, 6, 14 and 1, with had high frequencies of 3q27 (41.2%) and 6q21, 6q23, 6q25 involvement (23.5%). But only 2 cases of DLBCL had classical t( 14; 18) (q32;q21) which was lower than that in the West (20%). The positive rate of @entity7513 rearrangement was 40. 1% in DLBCL by FISH. No 13q14 deletion was found in 16 cases of SLL. Normal karyotype was observed in 8/11 cases with @entity784 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the histopathological subtypes of @entity1893 is different among different geographical areas. The @entity2008 in DLBCL was comparable between China and the West, but t( 14; 18) was infrequent in the former. The @entity2008 in SLL was different from the West. The incidence of @entity2008 in @entity784 was lower than that in the West.

title: [Cytogenetic study on 155 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma', 'TLBL']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities between China and the West', 'chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma']


abstract: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is associated with a large spectrum of @entity8 , one of which, microalbuminuria/ @entity644 ( @entity2704 /P), is a known predictor of @entity454 . We studied 90 @entity1 with @entity3458 (57% male; mean age 11.4 +/- 5.2 years) to determine the prevalence and examine clinical correlates of @entity2704 /P. The average of two spot urine microalbumin-to- @entity1011 samples obtained 6 months apart was recorded. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and biochemical data. Medication use, resting office blood pressures (BP), vaso-occlusive @entity158 crises (VOC), and monthly transfusions were recorded. Fourteen @entity1 (15.5%) had @entity2704 /P. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity2704 than in those without @entity2704 /P (8.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 9.8 +/- 1.4 g/dL, respectively) and were significantly correlated with @entity2704 (rho = 0.24, p = 0.03). @entity1 with @entity2704 were more likely to have abnormal BP (p = 0.058), with 5/14 being @entity101 or pre- @entity101 . In a multivariate logistic regression model of @entity2704 , both Hb and BP classification remained in the final model. @entity2704 is a simple screening biomarker of early @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity3458 . Larger studies to evaluate predictive factors of @entity2704 and the relationship to BP are needed.

title: Prevalence and clinical correlates of microalbuminuria in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: Fiber length and diameter are important factors in the pathogenicity of asbestos. We examined the relative @entity137 of long and short crocidolite asbestos fibers in vitro and in vivo. Both long and short crocidolite asbestos fibers were toxic to elicited macrophages in vitro. Similar to native crocidolite asbestos, long and short fibers stimulated the release of reactive @entity26 metabolites from elicited macrophages in vitro. We evaluated whether in vitro @entity137 was dependent on the production of reactive @entity26 metabolites. In the presence of the reactive @entity26 metabolite scavenging enzymes, @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 , the @entity137 of long and short crocidolite fibers to macrophages was prevented. Furthermore, macrophages were not killed when either long or short fibers were soaked in the @entity68 chelator, @entity5532 . Native, long, and short crocidolite fibers also caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential prior to cell death. In vivo, a single i.p. injection of long crocidolite fibers stimulates an intense inflammatory reaction, release of reactive @entity26 metabolites near sites of fiber deposition, and cell death. In contrast, these events were minimal after a single injection of short fibers due to the removal of fibers from the peritoneal cavity. After five daily injections of short fibers, however, fibers were present on the surface of the mesothelium and provoked an inflammatory response. Cell death was observed on the surface of the mesothelium. Reactive @entity26 metabolites were also produced near accumulations of short fibers. Our results suggest that both long and short crocidolite asbestos fibers are toxic to macrophages in vitro via an oxidant and @entity68 -dependent mechanism. In vivo, short fibers are cytotoxic when the clearance of these fibers is prevented.

title: XXXX of long and short crocidolite asbestos fibers in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: AIM: To report our experience of the use of @entity8947 in various phases of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). METHODS: Ten @entity1 in various phases of @entity1860 , not responding to @entity2213 and started on @entity8947 , were included and analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the @entity1 and their salient features including the duration and response to initial therapy as well as to @entity8947 , were noted. RESULTS: Before starting @entity8947 three @entity1 were in chronic phase of @entity1860 while seven others were in the progressive phase (accelerated and blast phase) of @entity1860 . Half the @entity1 developed transient grade 3 and 4 @entity137 to @entity8947 . Overall, the tolerability of the drug in all 10 @entity1 was acceptable and none discontinued treatment. Three @entity1 died due to progressive disease while the remaining seven are continuing the drug with the disease still under cytogenetic or hematological remission. Of the 10 @entity1 , seven achieved complete hematological response and two of the accelerated phase/blast crisis @entity1 achieved complete cytogenetic response. Overall, @entity8947 was able to control disease for a median of 20.6 months. CONCLUSION: Despite small sample size and insufficient information on mutational analysis, @entity8947 is effective in @entity1860 in India. Cost limits the use of second-generation @entity669 kinase inhibitors in India. Our observation is not suitable for survival analysis but the difference made by @entity8947 in progressive disease and its tolerability needs to be acknowledged.

title: XXXX in @entity1860 : a limited Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity8947 :: (MESH:C488369,Chemical) :: ['Dasatinib']


abstract: RATIONALE: There is consensus on the need to address social determinants of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) to achieve @entity378 control, but evidence based on interventions is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We reanalyzed data from the sociomedical experiment performed at the Papworth Village Settlement in England, where the impact of stable employment and adequate housing and nutrition on the incidence of @entity378 and disease in @entity1 living with parents with active @entity378 was documented during 1918-1943. METHODS: Information on 315 @entity1 of @entity1 , who lived at Papworth, was abstracted from a published monograph. Overall and age-specific occurrence of @entity378 , disease, and @entity204 among @entity1 born in the settlement (village-born cohort) were compared with those of @entity1 born outside and admitted later (admitted cohort) to Papworth. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The annual risks of @entity281 in the village-born and admitted cohorts were 20 and 24%, respectively. Of 24 @entity1 who developed @entity378 , only one was village-born. Among @entity1 5 years of age or less, there was zero incidence of @entity378 in the village-born, compared with five cases (1,217/100,000 @entity1 -years) among @entity1 born outside Papworth. In the admitted cohort, among @entity1 13 years of age and older, the incidence of @entity378 before admission to Papworth was 5,263/100,000 @entity1 -years, whereas it was 341/100,000 @entity1 -years while living in Papworth. CONCLUSIONS: At Papworth social interventions including adequate nutrition did not reduce @entity378 transmission but did reduce the incidence of @entity378 in @entity1 living with parents with active @entity378 . These results are relevant today for prevention of @entity378 in @entity1 of @entity1 with active @entity378 , particularly with multidrug-resistant @entity378 in high-burden settings.

title: Can social interventions prevent XXXX ?: the Papworth experiment (1918-1943) revisited.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB infection', 'TB disease', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity1418 , the major subset of soft tissue @entity242 , was examined for prognostic factors that could influence clinical management and research. Two hundred twenty-seven @entity1 with localized disease, having surgery as the principal modality, were reviewed retrospectively to identify clinical outcomes. The mean age of the @entity1 was 54 years. Extremities were the @entity5 site in 157 @entity1 (62.2%). Overall survival rate was 50%, including 38 @entity1 who died of other causes. Distant @entity3 were most common to the lung (90%). Local recurrence alone occurred in 37 @entity1 (16%), distant @entity3 alone in 52 (23%), and distant @entity3 with local recurrence in 25 (11%). The @entity5 size indicated the 5-year survival rate: @entity5 smaller than 5 cm had a survival rate of 82%; 5 to 10 cm, 68%; and larger than 10 cm, 51%. Intermediate-grade @entity5 yielded a 5-year survival rate of 80%, and the 5-year survival rate for high-grade @entity5 was 60%. Survival rates for both grades were affected by size: @entity5 of high grade and smaller than 5 cm in diameter had a survival rate of 79%; 5 to 10 cm, 63%; and more than 10 cm, 41%. Grade and size emerge as significant prognostic indicators. These variables will prove helpful in treatment decisions and design of clinical studies.

title: Prognostic factors in 227 XXXX with @entity1418 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) infiltration by neoplastic process involves important changes in lymph node immune microenvironment. In particular, regulatory T cells (Treg) seem to have a key role in altering the immunoediting function of the immune system which leads to the elusion of the @entity5 from immune surveillance. In this study, we evaluated the expression of T-cell markers in @entity404 + and @entity405 + subsets from @entity5 -negative lymph nodes from the same, advanced @entity0 @entity1 . The study was carried out on 3 @entity1 and similar results were obtained. Flow cytometric analysis of @entity405 + cells demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of @entity2902 , CD45RA, CD45RO, and @entity28266 ( @entity28266 ). Flowcytometric analysis of @entity404 + cells demonstrated a significant difference in the expression of @entity28267 ( @entity28267 ), @entity2902 , @entity403 ( @entity403 ), @entity1361 , and CD45RA. Multiple staining allowed the identification of two Treg subpopulations, @entity404 + @entity2902 highGITR+ @entity6978 -/low and @entity404 + @entity2902 low @entity28267 + @entity6978 + cells, proving that both are increased in the positive nodes in comparison with the negative nodes from the same @entity1 . We identified for the first time the @entity404 + @entity2902 low @entity28267 + @entity6978 + Treg subpopulation in @entity5 , and the 2.6 fold increase in positive @entity1600 suggests that this Treg subpopulation could be a key player in @entity3 . We also found @entity28266 expression in the @entity405 lymphocytes, which may also contribute to the changes of metastatic lymph node microenvironment. These findings make both @entity28267 and @entity28266 good possible co-candidates for future therapeutical intervention against @entity3 and perhaps also as disease evolution biomarkers.

title: XXXX -expressing regulatory T-cell subsets are increased in @entity5 -positive lymph nodes from advanced @entity0 @entity1 as compared to @entity5 -negative lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28267 :: ('8784', 'Gene') :: ['GITR', 'Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF receptor-Related']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-positive and tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity28266 :: ('8995', 'Gene') :: ['GITRL', 'Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF receptor-Related ligand']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity28267 :: (8784,Gene) :: ['GITR']


abstract: High-performance cation-exchange chromatography of recombinant soluble @entity404 ( @entity11264 ) allowed the resolution of four charge variants. This charge heterogeneity could be eliminated by @entity689 treatment of @entity11264 and therefore can be attributed to different degrees of sialylation of the @entity1735 portion of this glycoprotein. A single acidic variant was observed upon cation-exchange chromatography of @entity689 -treated @entity11264 that had been stored in liquid solution, pH 7.2, at 25 degrees C for 6 months. This acidic variant was isolated by semipreparative cation-exchange chromatography and subjected to tryptic mapping analysis. Tryptic peptides were characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). The results of this analysis demonstrated that the acidic variant of @entity689 -treated @entity11264 is generated from deamidation at @entity2734 -52. Digestion of the deamidated @entity11264 with endoproteinase Asp-N confirmed @entity2734 -52 as the primary site of deamidation. The ability of the deamidated @entity11264 variant to bind @entity7957 was assessed by use of an ELISA-based binding assay. The binding capacity of the deamidated variant was 24% of the binding capacity of unmodified @entity11264 . The overall structure of the V1 domain in the deamidated variant was not markedly different from that of the native protein as probed with eight conformationally dependent anti-V1 monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, it appears that @entity2734 -52 is directly involved in binding to @entity7957 .

title: Deamidation of soluble XXXX at @entity2734 -52 results in reduced binding capacity for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival of @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 . However, the lack of curative alternatives to @entity900 -based chemotherapy is limiting for @entity1 with @entity16 or @entity393 . Sequential chemotherapy also has not been well studied in the neoadjuvant setting. The authors explored sequential neoadjuvant @entity1260 -based chemotherapy in a @entity1 cohort at high risk of noncurative cystectomy. METHODS: @entity1 with muscle-invasive @entity5 and @entity3 , @entity3041 , clinical T3b and T4a (cT3b-4a) disease (defined as a 3-dimensional mass on examination under anesthetic or invasion into local organs), @entity5 , or upper tract disease received 3 cycles of combined @entity1260 , @entity632 , and @entity136 followed by 4 cycles of combined @entity900 , @entity136 , and @entity1260 . The primary endpoint was downstaging to pT1N0M0 disease or lower. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 85.3 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates for all 65 @entity1 were 63% and 68%, respectively (95% confidence interval: 5-year OS rate, 0.52%-0.76%; 5-year DSS rate, 0.58%-0.81%). Pathologic downstaging to pT1N0 disease or lower occurred in 50% of @entity1 who underwent cystectomy and in 60% of @entity1 who underwent nephroureterectomy and was correlated with the 5-year OS rate (pT1N0 disease or lower, 87%; pT2-pT3aN0 disease, 67%; and pT3b disease or higher or lymph node-negative disease, 27%; P  <= .001 for @entity2558 or lower vs pT2 or higher). Variant histology was associated with an inferior 5-year DSS rate (50% vs 83% in pure transitional cell @entity189 ; P = .02). The most frequent grade 3 @entity137 were @entity281 (38%), @entity1398 (22%), and @entity33 (18%). There were 3 grade 4 @entity137 ( @entity583 , @entity882 , and @entity391 ) and 1 grade 5 @entity137 in a @entity1 who refused antibiotics for @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: Sequential therapy was active and maintained the historic expectation of achieving a cure. The current results strongly reinforced previous experience suggesting that pathologic downstaging to pT1N0 disease or less is a useful surrogate for eventual cure in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: A phase 2 clinical trial of sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity632 , and @entity136 followed by @entity900 , @entity136 , and @entity1260 in locally advanced @entity5 : final results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'urothelial cancer', 'micropapillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study analyzed the changes in mandibular movement and @entity432 after conservative treatment for unilateral condylar @entity174 by use of a sensitive occlusal pressure sheet (Dental Prescale; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) for the evaluation of @entity432 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared 18 @entity1 conservatively treated for unilateral condylar fracture with 23 control subjects. Mandibular movement and @entity432 were evaluated at 3 and 6 months after conservative treatment. RESULTS: Maximal mouth opening over 40 mm was achieved at 6 months but was not improved to the control level. Recovery of lateral excursion, protrusion, or deviation on mouth opening was also limited at 6 months. Occlusal area, which was reduced at 3 months, had significantly improved at 6 months. The asymmetry index of the occlusal area was significantly improved at 6 months compared with that at 3 months. Mean pressure in the @entity1 group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Total occlusal force, which was reduced at 3 months, was significantly improved at 6 months. The asymmetry index of occlusal force, which was significantly greater than that in the control group, was significantly improved at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular movement was increased at 6 months despite the slight disturbance in lateral excursion to the nonfractured side and the presence of deviation on mouth opening. Occlusal area and occlusal force improved at 6 months, although mean pressure remained slightly higher than that in the control group.

title: Changes in mandibular movement and @entity432 after conservative treatment for condylar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusal condition']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate if the single nucleotide polymorphisms @entity28936 , @entity28937 and @entity28938 , recently implicated in the development of acute primary angle closure or primary angle closure @entity726 , are associated with ocular biometric characteristics of British adults in the European Prospective Investigation of @entity2093 study. METHODS: Genotyping data on @entity28937 (between @entity28939 and @entity28940 ), @entity28938 (at @entity28941 ) and @entity28936 (at @entity28942 ) were available on 3268 @entity1 . Direct genotypic data was available for @entity28937 and @entity28936 . Data was imputed for @entity28938 . Ocular biometric data was available on 1137 @entity1 who attended the third European Prospective Investigation of @entity5 health examination and 988 (87%) of these @entity1 had no previous @entity231 surgery either eye. @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) and corneal keratometry were measured by using the Zeiss IOLMaster. RESULTS: Presence of at least one A allele (AG or AA genotype) for @entity28937 was associated with a shallower @entity8707 (-0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.01 to -0.14 mm, p=0.028) after adjusting for age and sex (both p <=0.001). There was no association with @entity3656 or corneal keratometry for @entity28937 genotypes. @entity3656 , @entity8707 and keratometry were not associated with @entity28936 or @entity28938 genotypes including after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that primary angle closure @entity726 susceptibility at the @entity28939 - @entity28940 locus may be partly explained by an association between @entity28937 and @entity8707 in European populations. This effect is equivalent to almost 20% of the SD of the mean @entity8707 of phakic individuals in this cohort. We were not able to identify any association between @entity28936 or @entity28938 and ocular biometry.

title: Genotype-phenotype analysis of SNPs associated with primary angle closure @entity726 ( @entity28937 , XXXX and @entity28938 ) and ocular biometry in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['Axial length', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-Norfolk eye']

answer: @entity28936 :: (rs3753841,SNP) :: ['rs3753841']


abstract: Treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) involves the use of active cytotoxic drugs ( @entity2600 , @entity901 , @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ], and @entity416 ) and biological agents (bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab) either in combination or as single agents. Until recently, the only biological agent with proven first-line efficacy was bevacizumab, but options have expanded from the data generated with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) monoclonal antibodies. Anti- @entity470 agents can be added to first-line FOLFIRI ( @entity1487 , @entity4181 [ @entity4181 ], @entity2600 ) or FOLFOX ( @entity1487 , @entity4181 [ @entity4181 ], @entity901 ) in @entity1 whose @entity5 express wild-type @entity984 . These agents may improve outcomes when added to chemotherapy, particularly progression-free survival (PFS), and in the case of cetuximab, overall survival (OS) and response rates. The selection of first-line therapy should be based on the individual treatment goals after considering the efficacy and tolerability of each regimen. For @entity1 with metastases confined to the liver, surgical resection offers a potentially curative approach. For initially unresectable lesions, treatment regimens offering high response rates may produce sufficient @entity5 shrinkage to permit complete resection. Regimens with high response rates are also preferable for @entity1 requiring symptom relief or for those with large @entity5 burdens. The choice between intensive vs. nonintensive management also depends on other factors, including the @entity1 's functional status, comorbidities, and desires. A sequential single-agent strategy or an intermittent approach (combination therapy followed by maintenance) may minimize @entity137 and be appropriate for @entity1 who are not surgical candidates, irrespective of treatment response. Guidelines, such as those of the National @entity5 Network (NCCN), recommend that @entity984 mutational status should be determined at mCRC diagnosis to identify candidates for anti- @entity470 therapy whether they are used in first or subsequent lines of treatment.

title: Treatment decisions after diagnosis of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid', 'leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'anti-endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Comprehensive Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: 1. The effects of porcine @entity11614 (10(-12)-5 x 10(-10) mol/kg) on arterial blood pressure (BP) and the renal, mesenteric and carotid blood flow (BF), and the effects of @entity11614 antibody were studied in @entity95 . 2. @entity11614 caused a sustained increase in BP. The renal, mesenteric and carotid BF were decreased dose-dependently by @entity11614 . The approximate half-maximal effective values (ED50) were 5.5 x 10(-11), 8.6 x 10(-11) and 2.0 x 10(-10) mol/kg for renal, mesenteric and carotid BF respectively. Compared with carotid BF, the renal and mesenteric BF responses were significantly more sensitive to @entity11614 . 3. Combined administration of @entity11614 and its antibody showed a significant inhibition of the BP and renal BF responses. However, @entity11614 antibody alone did not change either BP, renal BF, mesenteric BF or carotid BF in vivo. 4. The present results demonstrate that endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor in vivo. However, circulating endothelin may not contribute to the control of BF and BP. The role of endothelin as a local modulator of the vascular tone remains to be investigated.

title: Systemic and regional effects of endothelin in XXXX : effects of endothelin antibody.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: We report a @entity1 with pregnancy-induced lymphocytic @entity977 complicated by postpartum painless @entity1374 . A 27-year-old female noticed @entity227 in the 36th week of pregnancy. After delivery in the 39th week by cesarean section, she was admitted for close examination. Goiter was not palpable, and postpartum @entity6726 was not observed. Routine examination revealed no abnormal findings. On October 8, 1989, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a @entity5 image (height 22.4mm) from the sella turcia to suprasellar cistern with a lower signal intensity than that of the white matter on T1 weighted images and a high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. @entity7241 contrast images showed a symmetrical and homogeneous @entity5 image at the same site. However, the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland appeared normal. These findings suggested lymphocytic @entity977 . The LH was less than 0.3mIU/ml. The FSH (7.8mIU/ml), PRL (12ng/ml), GH (1.6ng/ml) and @entity701 (10 micrograms/dl) levels were normal. T4 was 5.3 micrograms/dl, T3 67ng/dl, fT4 0.53ng/dl, which indicated mild @entity1375 , but the TSH was normal. TRH test showed a slight increase in TSH and no response of PRL. Insulin tolerance test showed delayed response of GH and normal response of @entity701 . LHRH test revealed no response of LH and delayed response of FSH. Anti-GH3 cell antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody were positive, but the anti-AtT20 cell antibody was negative. Since visual disturbance improved, and slight reduction in the mass (height 20.1mm) was confirmed by MRI after delivery on October 21, her course was observed without treatment. After 1 month, the LH became detectable, but the PRL and @entity701 decreased to 2.5ng/ml and 6.0 micrograms/dl, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of pregnancy-induced lymphocytic XXXX complicated by postpartum painless @entity1374 ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['adenohypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['adenohypophysitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Interferon beta is commonly used as therapeutic in the first line of therapy for @entity15 . However, depending on the product, it induces an antibody response in up to 60% of @entity1 . This study evaluated the impact of therapy related factors like dose, route of administration and administration frequency on the immunogenicity of one of the originator interferon beta drugs ( @entity8975  ) in an immune tolerant transgenic @entity19 model. METHODS: Immune tolerant @entity19 received injections with @entity8975   via different routes, doses and injection frequencies. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) production was measured by ELISA to assess immunogenicity. RESULTS: A single injection of @entity8975   was found to be sufficient for the induction of @entity11509 . The antibody titer was enhanced with increasing dose and treatment frequency. Among the tested administration routes, the intravenous route was the most immunogenic one, which is in contradiction with one of the dogma in immunogenicity research according to which subcutaneous administration is the most immunogenic route. Intramuscular, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections resulted in comparable immunogenicity. CONCLUSION: This study shows that treatment related factors affect significantly immunogenicity of @entity8975   and therefore substantiate the need for further studies on these factors in @entity1 .

title: Effect of treatment regimen on the immunogenicity of XXXX interferon Beta in immune tolerant @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity8975 :: ('MESH:C044327', 'Chemical') :: ['Betaseron', 'Betaferon']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity150 ( @entity150 ) is a rare and @entity150 that has a poor prognosis. Limited information is available regarding its clinical features and appropriate treatments. A systematic literature search for published reports on @entity150 was performed in the MEDLINE database using the key words " @entity150 ," " @entity189 ," and " @entity6962 .". The search resulted in the identification of 276 reports published from January 1960 to January 2014, of which 40 were ultimately included in the present review. No prospective study or clinical trial of @entity150 was reported in English language studies. Of these studies, 2 @entity5 registry studies and 13 large case series, which had included >=  8 cases were identified. Seven single-institution studies contained adequate clinical follow-up information, and the rest had mainly focused on the pathologic features of the disease. Both the registry and the single-institution studies showed that @entity1 with @entity150 presented with a high histologic grade, @entity5 , and a poor prognosis. Comparing the single-institution studies to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohorts, significant differences were found in the age at diagnosis, male-to-female ratio, @entity5 stage, treatment pattern (cystectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy), and outcomes, likely reflecting differences in referral and practice patterns. The @entity5 stage was identified as a significant predictor for @entity5 -specific survival. The results of the present study suggest that @entity150 is not as rare as previously thought. @entity1 with @entity150 should be referred to specialists or centers with extensive experience with this rare and serious disease.

title: XXXX of the Urinary Bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'SCUB', 'Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder', 'aggressive subtype of bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sarcomatoid Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The accuracy and sensitivity of @entity1486 for @entity263 diagnosis is often poor; however, the reasons for its inaccuracy have rarely been investigated, especially with respect to age. In this study, 476 healthy males, aged 10-89 years, were stratified into eight age groups, and levels of seven markers were determined: total @entity1486 (tPSA), free @entity1486 (fPSA), %fPSA, isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA), p2PSA/tPSA, %p2PSA, and the prostate health index (PHI). Both tPSA and fPSA levels increased with age. The tPSA level was highest (1.39 ng ml-1 ) at 70-79 years; %fPSA was highest (0.57 ng ml-1 ) at 10-19 years; and %p2PSA was lowest (18.33 ng ml-1 ) at 40-49 years. Both p2PSA and p2PSA/tPSA had relatively flat curves and showed no correlation with age (P = 0.222). PHI was a sensitive age-associated marker (P < 0.05), with two peaks and one trough. The coverage rates and radiance graphs of PHI and %p2PSA were more distinctive than those of tPSA and the other markers. In subjects older than 69 years, PHI and %p2PSA both began to decrease, approximately 10 years earlier than the decrease in tPSA. Our results suggest that the clinical diagnosis of @entity263 using @entity1486 should be investigated more comprehensively based on @entity1 age. Moreover, %p2PSA and PHI could be considered as earlier markers that may be more suitable than @entity1486 alone.

title: Influence of age on seven putative @entity263 markers: a cohort study in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The cardioarrhythmogenic potential of @entity302 foci induced at @entity3308 and rhombencephalic levels was analyzed in hemispherectomized @entity35 . Topical application of @entity3397 onto the @entity3308 quadrigeminal lamina or onto the fourth ventricle induced paroxysmal activity at the @entity3308 or bulbar neurone level. At the @entity3308 levels, the paroxysmal activity was characterized by a significant increase in the spontaneous frequency of the neurones, with the appearance of multiunit activity and rhythmical outbursts. The simultaneous recording of myocardial electrical activity and blood pressure showed that the paroxysmal activity triggered @entity50 with wandering of the sinus pacemaker, the appearance of biphasic or negative P waves, some @entity1540 and non-significant @entity551 . When the paroxysmal activity stopped, the cardiac rhythm and blood pressure returned to basal values. At the bulbar level, the paroxysmal activity appeared with longer latency and usually the rhythmical outbursts were not observed. Following bulbar paroxysmal activity only short-lasting episodes of sinus @entity1168 appeared. Midcollicular transection eliminated paroxysmal activity at the bulbar level, and blood pressure and cardiac rhythm resumed basal values. After transection, an additional application of convulsant drug ( @entity3397 or @entity5093 ) onto the fourth ventricle did not induce the reappearance of paroxysmal activity and the consequent cardiovascular alterations. The results showed the existence of a cardioarrhythmogenic trigger localized at the @entity3308 level which spreads paroxysmal activity upwards. A hypothesis to explain the appearance of fetal haemodynamic modifications and life-threatening @entity943 has been proposed.

title: Analysis of central cardioarrhythmogenic triggers in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin-G']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of systolic and diastolic pressures']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['short-latency sinus bradyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity6656 is a @entity364 endemic in the south west of the United States. Sixty percent of infected individuals remain asymptomatic. Symptomatic disease manifests itself with variable signs such as @entity55 , @entity1143 , @entity3509 or @entity649 . @entity66 includes @entity3977 and @entity82 . We report a case of a @entity1 , returning from a trip to Arizona, presenting with an acute @entity1729 associated with @entity5406 and @entity4841 . She was successfully treated with routine antibiotics. The acute @entity55 resolved and the radiological infiltrate contract into a solitary pulmonary nodule. We suspected a malignant nodule in a previous smoker. The diagnosis of @entity358 was made after surgical resection. One year later, the @entity1 is asymptomatic and well. This review focuses on the most common clinical manifestations, the diagnostic strategy and the treatment and management of @entity358 .

title: [ XXXX presenting as a pulmonary nodule after @entity55 ].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3977 :: ('MESH:D055613', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['Coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity6656 :: (MESH:D003047,Disease) :: ['Coccidioidomycosis']


abstract: @entity29800 ( @entity29800 ) is a new analogue of the @entity4349 , @entity632 . This compound lacks the @entity3787 group at 4' position on the @entity17596 of the @entity4349 . Phase II study was designed to determine the clinical response rate and to define the qualitative and quantitative @entity137 of @entity29800 in @entity1 with @entity420 . Fifty-eight @entity1 with inoperable @entity420 were entered on the study, 47 were evaluable for response, and 57 were evaluable for @entity137 . The dose of @entity29800 was 30 mg/m2 for good risk @entity1 and 25 mg/m2 for poor risk @entity1 every 21 days and administered IV push through a side arm of a running IV. @entity3933 , 50 mg is administered IM prior to the administration of the drug to block local venous reaction. Subsequent doses of @entity29800 were modified according to granulocyte and platelet nadirs and the drug was not administered until recovery of platelets (greater than 100,000/microliters) and wbc (greater than 3000/microliters). Three partial responses, 20 stable, and 31 with increased disease were observed. Forty-seven had severe @entity3028 (less than 250), and two @entity1 had severe @entity882 (less than 25,000). One @entity1 experienced a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction with a total dose of 180 mg/m2. The dose of @entity29800 in this study demonstrated that the drug has minimal activity in @entity420 but the @entity137 is tolerable. Search should continue for single agents with activity in this disease.

title: Phase II evaluation of @entity29800 ( XXXX ) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['Diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity29800 :: ('MESH:C030851', 'Chemical') :: ['esorubicin', 'Esorubicin', "4' deoxydoxorubicin"]

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity17596 :: ('CHEBI:28963', 'Chemical') :: ['amino sugar']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity29800 :: (MESH:C030851,Chemical) :: ['4'deoxydoxorubicin']


abstract: Extracellular polysaccharides (PS) synthesized by oral bacteria constitute one of their major virulence factors. The PS, synthesized from @entity969 , facilitate adhesion and colonization by bacteria to tooth surfaces. The study was designed to test the effect of in situ production of extracellular PS by @entity6586 on the bactericidal activity of @entity1 neutrophils. These effects were tested on bacteria pre-exposed to @entity969 (PS-positive Strep. mutans) and compared to bacteria not exposed to @entity969 (PS-negative Strep. mutans). The interactions between neutrophils and Strep. mutans were tested in suspension and on bacteria in an experimental model of @entity2413 . Viability of Strep. mutans was measured by @entity665 incorporation into the bacteria. Degranulation of neutrophils was evaluated by the release of lysozyme, and the production of reactive @entity26 products was measured by chemiluminescence. When neutrophils were incubated with suspended bacteria, the viability of PS-negative Strep. mutans was 20% of that of bacteria not incubated with neutrophils (control), while the viability of PS-positive Strep. mutans was 40% of the control. In the experimental @entity2413 model, 50% of the PS-negative Strep. mutans were killed by neutrophils while the viability of PS-positive Strep. mutans was not different than of the control. Degranulation of neutrophils was not affected by the presence of extracellular PS of Strep. mutans. Artificial stimulation of neutrophils with @entity4514 also did not enhance the bactericidal effect of neutrophils on PS-positive Strep. mutans. However, PS-positive Strep. mutans elicited @entity26 -reactive products from neutrophils, 2-fold less than with PS-negative Strep. mutans. The results indicate that in situ production of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides might be a major virulence factor of Strep. mutans, enabling PS-positive Strep. mutans in the @entity2413 biofilm to evade killing by @entity1 neutrophils.

title: The effect of extracellular polysaccharides from @entity6586 on the bactericidal activity of XXXX neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque', 'dental-plaque']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During the 19 years from 1957 through 1975, there have been 106 @entity1 under age 2 years who have undergone surgery for repair of a large @entity1757 at the University of Michigan Medical Center. The majority of the @entity1 had either @entity120 or intractable @entity712 . Eighty-three @entity1 survived operation; there has been one late death. The greatest mortality occurred in @entity1 under age 6 months and in those with @entity120 . Surviving @entity1 showed marked symptomatic improvement and change in growth patterns. Complications included the development of complete @entity714 or left anterior hemiblock in approximately 50 percent of @entity1 and, in one instance, complete @entity713 . Forty-five @entity1 have undergone cardiac catheterization 1 to 8 years postoperatively. Although 17 were found to have residual @entity1757 only 3 of these had a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 1.5:1 or more, and reoperation was accomplished without incident in these 3 @entity1 and in 3 others with smaller shunts. With one exception, @entity891 and pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratios were normal or near normal, thus representing a significant contrast with findings in @entity1 operated on after age 2 years. Whereas the complications of surgery appear no greater in the @entity1 than in the older @entity1 , many of the benefits can be realized only with operation at the earlier age.

title: XXXX : results after repair in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch blodk']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['severe pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect', 'septal defects']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary arterial pressures']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['Ventricular septal defect']


abstract: The primary element in the @entity268 signal transduction pathway is the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA). Expression of the RIalpha subunit of type I PKA is elevated in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic importance of RIalpha expression in @entity1 with @entity43 . We have evaluated the expression of RIalpha in a panel of @entity1 @entity43 (n = 40) and five @entity1 @entity43 cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The @entity1 ovarian cell lines OAW42 and OTN14 express high endogenous levels of RIalpha mRNA and protein (at significantly higher mRNA levels than high tissue expressors, P < 0.05). The ovarian cell line A2780 expresses low endogenous levels of RIalpha mRNA and protein (also at higher mRNA levels than low tissue expressors, P < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed no significant difference in RIalpha mRNA expression between different ovarian histological subtypes in this study. No associations were found between RIalpha mRNA expression and differentiation state. RIalpha mRNA expression was significantly associated with @entity5 stage (P = 0.0036), and this remained significant in univariate analysis (P = 0.0002). A trend emerged between RIalpha mRNA expression levels and overall survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.051), however, by multivariate analysis, stage remained the major determinant of overall survival (P = 0.0001). This study indicates that in @entity43 high RIalpha mRNA expression is associated with advanced stage disease. RIalpha expression may be of predictive @entity43 and may be associated with dysfunctional signalling pathways in this @entity5 type.

title: Increased expression of the RIalpha subunit of the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase A is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'value in ovarian cancer', 'ovarian epithelial tumours', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced stage ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2695 are the most common @entity5 of infancy. Multiple @entity2695 may be associated with the presence of @entity2695 in inner organs. However, there is little data on the risk factors for organ involvement and the outcome of a large sample of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with 3 or more @entity2695 were evaluated with regard to @entity1 characteristics, distribution of @entity2695 , results of radiological abdominal/cerebral imaging, clinical course, and therapeutic approach. We analyzed the risk factors for organ involvement and complications/outcome. RESULTS: The average gestational week at birth was 32.8; radiological imaging showed @entity409 in 13.5% and mesenteric lesions in 1 (1.9%) but no @entity75 . Preterm @entity1 (p=0.02) and @entity1 with high numbers of @entity2695 (p=0.02) were at higher risk of organ involvement. A life-threatening event occurred in 1 @entity1 (1.9%). None of the @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Organ manifestation is relatively common in @entity1 with multiple @entity2695 , complications are rare, but potentially life-threatening. We recommend abdominal imaging for @entity1 with 3 or more @entity2695 , especially in preterm @entity1 .

title: XXXX and hemangiomatosis--risk factors and outcome over an eight year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hemangiomas', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangiomas']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Multiple hemangiomas']


abstract: The alpha-mating pheromone receptor encoded by the @entity25220 gene of the @entity375 @entity375 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is homologous to the large family of GPCRs that mediate multiple types of signal transduction in mammals. We have screened libraries of mutant receptors to identify dominant negative alleles that are capable of interfering with the function of a co-expressed normal receptor. Two dominant negative alleles have been recovered in this manner. In addition, we find that previously isolated loss-of-function mutations in the alpha-factor receptor exhibit dominant negative effects. Detection of the dominant effects requires high-level expression of the mutant receptors but does not require a high ratio of mutant to normal receptors. Cellular levels of the normal receptors are not affected by co-expression of the dominant negative alleles. Expression of the mutant receptors does not interfere with constitutive signaling in a strain that lacks the G protein alpha subunit encoded by @entity33691 , indicating that interference with signaling occurs at the level of the receptor or the interacting G protein. Expression of increased levels of G protein subunits partially reverses the dominant negative effects. The dominant negative behavior of the mutant receptors is diminished by deletion of the @entity33372 gene, which encodes an @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) protein involved in desensitization of pheromone signaling. The most likely explanation for the dominant negative effects of the mutations appears to be the existence of an interaction between unactivated receptors and the trimeric G protein that titrates the G protein away from the normal receptors or renders the G protein insensitive to receptor activation. This interaction appears to be mediated by the @entity33372 gene product.

title: Dominant negative mutations in the alpha-factor receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the @entity25220 gene of the @entity375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18151 :: ('MESH:C538387', 'Disease') :: ['RGS', 'Regulator of G protein Signaling']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the association between @entity2346 media and gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux in @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Cochrane library, MEDLINE (1966-September 2011), EMBASE (1974-September 2011), proceedings of International Symposia on Recent Advances in @entity2172 , and reference lists of relevant selected articles. REVIEW METHODS: Studies with planned data collection, in @entity1 with @entity102 media with effusion/recurrent @entity697 media, assessing gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux, pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear, or antireflux therapy, were included. RESULTS: Of 242 initial studies, 15 met inclusion criteria. The authors found a mean prevalence of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity102 media with effusion of 48.4% (range, 17.6%-64%) and in @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 media of 62.9% (range, 61.5%-64.3%). A mean prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux of 48.6% (range, 27.3%-70.6%) was found in @entity1 with @entity2346 media. Mean pepsin/pepsinogen presence in @entity2346 media was 85.3% (range, 60%-100%) and of enzymatic activity was 34.2% (range, 14.5%-73%). Two randomized trials could not find benefit after antireflux treatment for 3 months, with an absolute rate difference (95% confidence interval) of 0.23 (0.023-0.42) and 0.13 (-0.086 to 0.34), respectively. Reporting of adverse events was limited, or absent, in most studies. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity102 media with effusion/recurrent @entity697 media may be higher than the overall prevalence for @entity1 . Presence of pepsin/pepsinogen in the middle ear could be related to physiologic reflux. A cause-effect relationship between pepsin/pepsinogen in the middle ear and @entity2346 media is unclear. Antireflux therapy for @entity2346 media cannot be endorsed based on existing research.

title: Association between @entity2346 media and XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis Media']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: The @entity19 @entity28487 gene incorporates alternates of exon 1 (exon 1 and 1a) which encode different 5' ends. This finding, and the elucidation of a promoter-like sequence immediately upstream of these alternates of exon 1, suggest that two separate promoters drive transcription of this gene. The regions upstream of either exon 1 or exon 1a inserted in pGL3 will separately promote transcription in NIH3T3 cells of the luciferase reporter gene, with the region upstream of exon 1 having the strongest promoter activity. Tissue-specific expression in the form of @entity28487 mRNA splice variants reflects the separate action of each promoter. In the most upstream portion of the region proximal to exon 1a, elements were revealed that enhance transcription along with a more downstream element that suppresses transcription in NIH3T3 cells. Three @entity10591 sites closely proximal to exon 1a within a region spanning 123 nucleotides were shown to be transcriptionally active by site-directed mutagenesis, with the middle @entity10591 site found to be the most important of the three in maintaining basal promoter activity. A poly (GT) 21 di- @entity377 repetitive element upstream of these @entity10591 sites was found in a region which, when deleted, increased transcription. In the region upstream of exon 1, two elements were elucidated which enhanced transcription. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that two adjacent @entity10591 sites proximal to exon 1 were equally important in sustaining basal promoter activity. The role of each @entity10591 site in maintaining basal activity of each promoter was confirmed by @entity9828 footprinting analysis. In addition, a binding site of unknown significance was identified by this analysis within the upstream promoter sequence between the two @entity10591 sites proximal to exon 1a. These data show that both promoters regulating expression of the @entity28487 gene utilize closely spaced @entity10591 sites in tandem to sustain basal transcription, at least in NIH3T3 cells, in a manner characteristic of TATA-less promoters.

title: Transcription of the XXXX @entity28487 gene encoding a folate transporter. Multiplicity and properties of promoters with minimum requirements for their basal activity.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chromosomal aberrations are a hallmark of multiple @entity1582 but their global prognostic impact is largely unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a genome-wide analysis of malignant plasma cells from 192 newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1582 using high-density, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to identify @entity74 associated with prognosis. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed deletions and amplifications in 98% of @entity1 . Amplifications in 1q and deletions in 1p, 12p, 14q, 16q, and 22q were the most frequent lesions associated with adverse prognosis, whereas recurrent amplifications of chromosomes 5, 9, 11, 15, and 19 conferred a favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis retained three independent lesions: amp(1q23.3), amp(5q31.3), and del(12p13.31). When adjusted to the established prognostic variables (ie, t(4;14), del(17p), and serum @entity2262 [Sbeta(2)M]), del(12p13.31) remained the most powerful independent adverse marker (P < .0001; hazard ratio [HR], 3.17) followed by Sbeta(2)M (P < .0001; HR, 2.78) and the favorable marker amp(5q31.3) (P = .0005; HR, 0.37). @entity1 with amp(5q31.3) alone and low Sbeta(2)M had an excellent prognosis (5-year overall survival, 87%); conversely, @entity1 with del(12p13.31) alone or amp(5q31.3) and del(12p13.31) and high Sbeta(2)M had a very poor outcome (5-year overall survival, 20%). This prognostic model was validated in an independent validation cohort of 273 @entity1 with @entity1582 . CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the power and accessibility of molecular karyotyping to predict outcome in @entity1582 . In addition, integration of expression of genes residing in the lesions of interest revealed putative features of the disease driving short survival.

title: Prognostic significance of copy-number alterations in multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: We experienced a case of unexpected ECG abnormality with @entity4144 . A 65-year-old @entity1 was suffering from maxillary sinus cyst and Caldwell-Luc procedure was scheduled. He had @entity6 and @entity101 for 15 years, and was taking oral hypoglycemic agent and @entity551 drug (angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin receptor blockers : @entity11882 ). Abnormal findings were HbA1c 7.7% and @entity10200 over 1,000 mg x dl(-1). ECG and other laboratory tests were within normal limits. The @entity1 was monitored with 3 leads ECG during the operation. At one hour and 33 minutes after the start of operation, we detected sudden ECG changes consisting of wide QRS wave and peaked T wave. We consider @entity4144 and checked blood @entity972 concentration three times. The results were 5.8, 6.3, 6.2 mmol x l(-1), respectively. We treated the @entity1 with @entity10041 injection, saline infusion, @entity1483 injection and @entity413 -insulin therapy. The ECG was normalized one hour and 23 minutes after the abnormal ECG finding and the @entity972 concentration decreased to 4.8 mmol x @entity1009 ). After the operation, the @entity972 concentration and @entity1011 clearance were within normal limits. @entity4144 in this case might have been induced by @entity6 , administration of ACEI and @entity11882 , and @entity3485 .

title: [Case of unexpected intraoperative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia', 'Hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: @entity2816 is a potent anti- @entity1582 drug which can produce up to a 30-50% overall response rate (ORR) in pre-treated, chemorefractory multiple @entity1582 . Most authors agree with using 200 mg/daily with associated high dose @entity619 (40 mg/daily x 4 days, 3 times monthly) considering lower doses investigational. We report our experience using @entity2816 100 mg/daily plus @entity619 40 mg/daily once a month, in 27 pre-treated @entity1 . @entity2816 dose excalation and/or association with other drugs were established on the basis of the @entity1 's response. Median age was 69 years (range 50-83 years) and 16 male and 11 female @entity1 were treated. All @entity1 had received more than 1 treatment line (range 1-5). @entity2816 was increased up to 300 mg/daily in 10 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 received up to 400 mg/daily. Two @entity1 were not evaluable because of @entity204 , 1 did not tolerate @entity2816 because of pulmonary and neurological side-effects. Sixteen @entity1 responded to this treatment, with an ORR of 66%. The combination of low-dose @entity2816 plus monthly high-dose @entity619 in chemorefractory @entity1582 showed interesting palliative results. According to our data, increasing @entity2816 dosage and/or adding further drugs does not generally produce significant improvement.

title: @entity2816 plus monthly high-dose XXXX in chemorefractory @entity1582 . Results of a phase II clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of @entity2702 after a Fontan operation in the left isomerism and absent inferior vena cava. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 19 @entity1 with the left isomerism and absent inferior vena cava who underwent Fontan operations at our institution. We divided the @entity1 into two groups: bilateral superior vena cava (group A, n=9), and single superior vena cava (group B, n=10). Median age at Fontan operation was 6.2 years (1.0-24.1). Diagnosis of @entity2702 was made by pulmonary angiography and bubble contrast echocardiography. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 5.3 years (0.2-17.3) with one @entity204 . Seven @entity1 suffered from @entity2702 . In six out of the seven @entity1 , the occurrence of @entity2702 was related to biased pulmonary perfusion of the hepatic venous flow. In group A, the distance between the dominant superior vena cava (which the venous flow from the lower half of the body drains into) and the hepatic venous channel over the distance between the smaller superior vena cava and the hepatic venous channel was larger in @entity1 with @entity2702 than in @entity1 without @entity2702 (3.83+/-1.28 vs 1.53+/-1.45, p=0.071). In group B, @entity2702 developed in two @entity1 whose venous channels did not overlap. @entity2702 developed in only one @entity1 after we changed the hepatic venous channel design to approximate the hepatic venous channel to the dominant superior vena cava as closely as possible. CONCLUSIONS: We might prevent @entity2702 in @entity1 with the left isomerism and absent inferior vena cava by designing the venous channels to achieve better mixing of the superior vena cava and the hepatic venous flow.

title: XXXX after a Fontan operation in the left isomerism and absent inferior vena cava.

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformations', 'Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity2702 :: (MESH:C562404,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: The effects of @entity701 on the inhibition of cell-death processes and suppression of plasminogen-activator ( @entity2435 ) activity during involution of the @entity35 ventral prostate gland were investigated to determine the principal type of @entity2435 activated by castration and inhibited by this hormone and whether the mechanism responsible for decreased @entity2435 activity involved reductions in enzyme synthesis or increased activity of a @entity2435 inhibitor. By using the technique of fibrin-agarose zymography, three bands of @entity2435 activity were detected at 4 and 7 days after castration: a major band with a molecular mass of approx. 30 kDa and two minor bands of 48 kDa and 64 kDa. Both the 30 kDa and 48 kDa activities were inhibited with anti-[urokinase-type @entity2435 ( @entity11693 )] IgG. The 64 kDa activity was inhibited by anti-[tissue-type @entity2435 ( @entity2435 )] IgG. In addition to retarding prostatic involution, daily administration of @entity701 to the castrated animals suppressed all three bands of @entity2435 activity. A comparison of the pattern of total @entity2435 activity and of e.l.i.s.a. estimates of @entity11693 concentration during the castration-induced rise and after @entity701 inhibition indicated a near perfect correlation between the two parameters. Northern-blot analysis using prostatic polyadenylated RNA revealed that the level of @entity11693 mRNA was highest at 4 and 7 days after castration and that @entity701 treatment repressed @entity11693 mRNA to a level similar to that in non-castrated controls. Neither Northern hybridizations nor reverse zymography detected RNA transcripts or activity corresponding to the @entity2435 inhibitor @entity2630 in any of the prostate samples. Western-blot analysis revealed that, although the amount of @entity369 esterase A, another prostatic proteinase, also increased after castration, the rise in concentration of this protein was not blocked by glucocorticoid administration. Together our findings indicate the following: (1) the predominant form of @entity2435 activity induced in the prostate after castration and inhibited by @entity701 is a 30 kDa form of @entity11693 . Although less prominent, @entity2435 and a 48 kDa form of @entity11693 follow a similar pattern of induction and inhibition; (2) changes in @entity11693 activity in response to castration and @entity701 treatment are due to alterations in the level of @entity11693 mRNA and protein rather than in the activity of @entity2630 ; (3) not all castration-induced proteinases in the prostate are inhibited by @entity701 .

title: Urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators are suppressed by XXXX in the involuting prostate of castrated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Physical activity has a modulatory role on regulatory steps of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) determining skeletal muscle contractility. We evaluated and compared the contractile responsiveness and @entity5834 -induced @entity1159 of fast (extensor digitorum longus; EDL) and slow-twitch (soleus; SOL) muscles in suspension @entity2845 (SH) and exercised @entity35 . After SH or low intensity exercise, EDL and SOL were isolated, twitch and tetanic contractions and @entity5834 (10 mM) @entity1159 were recorded. Twitch and tetanic contractions of EDL increased by 60% in exercised @entity35 (p <0.05) while no alteration was observed after SH. Exercise did not alter twitch and tetanic contractions of SOL, while SH depressed contractions (p <0.05). @entity5834 @entity1159 were diminished in exercised @entity35 EDL (P <0.05). In SH- @entity35 EDL, @entity1159 increased in amplitude (p <0.01) with a rapid time course (p <0.05). Contractures did not change in SOL after exercise or SH. We concluded that SH and exercise exerted diverse modulatory effects on skeletal muscle contractility. Contractile improvement due to exercise was prominent in EDL. Our results suggest that the muscle-type specific adaptations are related to a change in ECC due to the differences in the regulatory steps, particularly in the intracellular @entity141 handling mechanisms.

title: Exercise and suspension @entity2845 -induced alterations in mechanical properties of XXXX fast and slow-twitch skeletal muscles.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Around 95% of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 will die of their disease within 5 years, three quarters within a year. The major hurdle in improving prognosis is the lack of a therapeutic time window. Early cancerous lesions are far beneath our threshold of detection. Therefore, at the time of diagnosis even early (T1) @entity5 can be metastatic and resistant to conventional treatments. Several therapies targeting @entity5 cells-all showing impressive results in vitro and in animal experiments-have failed to show relevant effects in clinical trials. This discrepancy between experimental data and clinical reality results mostly from the inefficiency of our current experimental setups in recreating the @entity5 microenvironment. Forming more than 80% of the @entity5 mass, the fibrotic stroma of @entity1124 is not a passive scaffold for the malignant cells but an active player in @entity105 . This component is mostly missing in the xeno-/allograft- @entity19 models. Although @entity5 are bigger if stellate cells are co-implanted, due to the disproportionate @entity5 /stromal cell ratio and -possibly- too rapid @entity5 growth, the stromal reaction is much smaller than in @entity1 @entity788 . One the other hand, desmoplasia is present only in some of the genetically engineered @entity19 models. Clinically, stromal activity of the @entity1124 has as great an impact on @entity1 prognosis as the lymph node status of the @entity5 . The exact molecular mechanisms behind this observation remain obscure. However, one possible fundamental biologic explanation could be that selective pressure applied by the stroma leads to the evolution of @entity5 cells. Consequently, somatic evolution of invasive @entity5 could be viewed as a sequence of phenotypical adaptations to this barrier, highlighting the importance of the @entity5 microenvironment in the behavior of @entity788 . In this review, the interaction of the @entity5 cells with the stroma in @entity1 and in various animal models is scrutinized, and novel therapeutic options for uncoupling @entity5 -stroma interactions are discussed.

title: The impact of the activated stroma on XXXX biology and therapy resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrotic tumor', 'cancer', 'epithelial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A prospective longitudinal study involving 233 @entity1 with @entity306 was carried out to select signs useful for early prognostication of ambulation. All @entity1 were followed from the time they were 12 months old and their progress was observed until they reached the age of 3 to 11 years. The population consisted of 61 @entity1 having @entity1158 , 37 having @entity306 , 85 having @entity508 and 28 having the spastic-athetoid clinical type of @entity306 . In addition, there were 14 @entity1 with athetoid, 6 with ataxic and 2 with @entity306 . Of the total population, 78.7% achieved some degree of functional walking. Findings indicated that the probability of ambulation was related to the clinical type of @entity306 . In some the ultimate functional outcome was rather uniform, as in those with congenital hemiplegic and ataxic types where the prognosis was consistently favorable or in those with @entity306 in whom the outlook was poor. In @entity508 , quadriparetic, spastic-athetoid and athetoid types, on the other hand, expectations varied considerably. For this group of @entity1 , sitting by two years was found to be a predictive sign of high reliability since all @entity1 who sat by this age eventually walked. For the group of @entity1 not sitting by two years which included more than half of the eventual ambulators, suppression of obligatory primitive reflex activity between 18 and 24 months provided a sensitive indicator to distinguish the @entity1 who ultimately walked from those who would not be expected to do so. These data offer a possibility for predicting future ambulatory status by two years of age in those clinical types of @entity306 where difficulties of early accurate prognostication are most likely to be encountered. Observations also suggested that the presence of @entity1032 adversely affects ambulation.

title: XXXX : predictive value of selected clinical signs for early prognostication of motor function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriparesis', 'spastic diplegic']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'diplegia', 'hypotonic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral palsy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective open cohort. OBJECTIVES: To calculate the survival of @entity1 with @entity1188 and to compare the cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with different mechanisms of @entity130 . SETTING: Spinal Rehabilitation Unit, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. METHODS: Consecutive admissions between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2008 with recent onset of @entity1188 . Linkage to the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Victoria) was used to determine survival following discharge from in- @entity1 rehabilitation and cause of @entity204 . RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 were admitted (males=26, 59%), with a median age of 72 years (interquartile range (IQR) 62-79). One @entity1 died during their in- @entity1 rehabilitation programme. In all, 14 @entity1 (n=14/44; 33%) died during the follow-up period. The median survival after diagnosis was 56 months (IQR 28-85) and after discharge from in- @entity1 rehabilitation was 46 months (IQR 25-74). The 1- and 5-year mortality rates were 7.0% (n=3/43; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.4-18.6%) and 20.9% (n=9/43; 95% CI=11.4-35.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between @entity1 with the different aetiologies of @entity1188 (other vs idiopathic:   (2)=0.6, P=0.7; other vs vascular:   (2)=1.9, P=0.3). There was no relationship between survival and gender (  (2)=0.2, P=0.6), age (  (2)=3.0, P=0.08), level of injury (  (2)=0.0, P=1) or American Spinal Cord Society Impairment Scale grade of @entity1566 (  (2)=0.02, P=0.9). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1188 appear to have a fair survival after discharge from in- @entity1 rehabilitation, not withstanding the occurrence of risk factors of @entity455 in many @entity1 .

title: Survival following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord infarction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['spinal cord infarction']


abstract: Studies are presented on the influence of @entity4663 on prostatic chromatin- and non-histone-protein-associated protein kinase reactions involving both exogenous and endogenous substrates. The activities toward the model acidic protein substrate, dephosphophosvitin, were maximal at 160--200mM- @entity1219 (or -KCl or - @entity8777 ). Under these conditions, @entity11667 and @entity8037 added in concentrations up to 2mM were essentially without effect. However, without addition of @entity1219 to the medium, marked stimulation of these reactions was elicited by these @entity4663 at 1--2mM concentrations. The stimulatory effects were not due to non-specific changes in the ionic strength or to substitution of @entity8037 for @entity1025 , as maximal stimulation by 1 mM- @entity8037 was observed only at optimal (2--4mM) @entity1025 concentrations. Qualitatively similar effects of @entity4663 were observed with enzyme preparations from the prostates of castrated @entity35 , and with chromatin and non-histone-protein preparations from other tissues besides ventral prostate. When phosphorylation of endogenous non-histone proteins of the chromatin was measured, @entity8037 stimulated both the initial rates and the final extent of transphosphorylation, even in the presence of optimal concentration of @entity1219 . By contrast, @entity8037 or @entity11667 had no effect on the chromatin- and non-histone-protein-associated protein kinase reactions determined with @entity376 -rich histones as substrates. Chemically NN-dimethylated dephosphophosvitin was a less active substrate for the chromatin-associated protein kinase, but its phosphorylation was more markedly stimulated by @entity8037 in comparison with unmodified dephosphophosvitin. These observations hint that the @entity4664 stimulations of the various protein kinase reactions may be due to effects on the conformations of the non-histone protein substrates rather than on the kinases themselves.

title: Effects of XXXX on prostatic chromatin- and non-histone-protein-associated protein kinase reactions.

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']