abstract: A group of 13 @entity1 with early onset @entity912 in association with a progressive @entity16 is presented. All eight of those tested were found to have mutations in the same gene encoding the @entity32855 ( @entity32855 ) in @entity1 with @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) with @entity649 type 1. Six out of these eight @entity1 had either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations, and two had only a single heterozygous mutation. Detailed analysis of the clinical picture and the neurophysiological and histopathological findings indicated that these @entity1 shared similar characteristics, which were further developed as a set of diagnostic criteria. Some of the most striking of these were early onset of respiratory compromise, a markedly low birth weight, very slow motor nerve conduction velocities and a general decrease in the size of myelinated fibres on sural nerve biopsy. Extensive histological examination of the spinal cord in one @entity1 failed to find any evidence of an @entity2057 . Four out of the five not tested genetically were positive for all diagnostic criteria. None of the cases of early onset @entity17589 with early @entity1576 reviewed in the literature shares the exact characteristics, but many do have very close similarities. Their classification varies, but the discovery of mutations in @entity32855 in cases that are variously classified as @entity2057 plus or severe @entity16 with @entity649 points to a need for the search for this @entity74 to be widened to include both groups. The fact that we identified other, similar cases of @entity16 and early @entity1576 with and without @entity32855 mutations suggests genetic as well as clinical heterogeneity in these @entity1 . It is possible that @entity1 that do not have mutations in the @entity32855 gene will be found to have mutations in a similar functioning gene.

title: Severe XXXX with diaphragmatic weakness and its relationship to @entity32855 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['infantile neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity32855 :: ('3508', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin mu-binding protein 2', 'IGHMBP2']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies or spinal muscular atrophies']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic palsy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['infantile neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess inter-clinician variability amongst specialist paediatric radiation oncologists in delineating clinical target volumes for treating @entity2946 as a quality assurance exercise prior to the introduction of the SIOP PNET 4 trial protocol of conformal radiotherapy to the posterior fossa and @entity5 bed. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 from 17 UK centres attended an educational meeting and then completed a clinical planning exercise to outline: (1) the whole posterior fossa and (2) the @entity5 bed. Quantitative analysis of the volumes, lengths, spatial positioning and axial planes for each individual was carried out and variation between individuals analysed. RESULTS: Outlining of the posterior fossa was reasonably consistent, although most variation was seen in defining the superior border of the tentorium. A major difference was the decision whether or not to include the post-surgical meningocoele in the clinical target volume (CTV). The CTV for the @entity5 bed was under treated by all @entity1 due to lack of inclusion of pre-operative @entity5 extent. CONCLUSIONS: This exercise demonstrated several ambiguities in the draft protocol and highlighted particular areas of inter-clinician variation. Consequently the protocol was revised and improved to take account of these findings. We recommend that planning exercises, in conjunction with education and training, should be implemented before the start of any new radiotherapy trial. In the future, the use of image transfer will allow prospective peer review of target volumes before treatment commences. These measures are essential to ensure that alterations in clinical practice are achieved in a uniform way.

title: Quantitative assessment of inter-clinician variability of target volume delineation for XXXX : quality assurance for the SIOP PNET 4 trial protocol.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: @entity519 -ischemic preconditioning is an endogenous mechanism in which exposure to a sublethal episode of @entity519 - @entity63 protects against a subsequent more severe episode. Although several postnatal models of @entity519 -ischemic preconditioning have been established, hardly any perinatal models exist. Therefore, the objective of this study is to validate a new rodent model. We investigate whether mild @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as a preconditioning stimulus, protects against severe perinatal @entity1763 (PA) when looking at neonatal brain histology. @entity2241 was induced at embryonic day 17 (E17) by temporarily clamping the uterine circulation. A caesarean section was performed at @entity58632 and PA was induced by submersing the uterine horns, still containing the fetuses, in a water bath. Brains were examined for histological changes at either postnatal day 7 or 14. We used terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect apoptotic cell death and a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining to detect reactive astrocytes. Interestingly, the preconditioned group showed significantly less perinatal mortality than non-preconditioned groups. Furthermore, preconditioned animals had significantly less TUNEL-positive cells and less GFAP-positive cells in striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus compared to the non-preconditioned animals that underwent PA. Consequently, mild @entity2241 might cause neuroprotection by inducing anti-apoptotic mechanisms and attenuating astrogliosis. Considering the morphological findings in the neonatal brain from this study, together with previously reported long-term behavioral outcomes in this model, we can conclude that this is a suitable experimental model to investigate mechanisms of endogenous neuroprotection in the fetal brain. Identifying these endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms will provide novel potential targets for future pharmacological intervention in asphyctic newborns.

title: Fetal asphyctic preconditioning protects against perinatal XXXX - induced apoptosis and astrogliosis in neonatal brain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal asphyxia', 'FA']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of early @entity16 in @entity1 with acute @entity385 and to evaluate their impact on clinical outcome. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: University hospital's @entity64 unit. @entity1 : A continuous series of 152 @entity1 with first-ever @entity63 hemispheric strokes were hospitalized within 5 hours of onset, evaluated with the Canadian Neurological Scale, and underwent a computed tomographic (CT) scan. The initial subset of 80 @entity1 also underwent angiography. A repeated CT scan or autopsy was performed within 5 to 9 days of a @entity1 's @entity64 . Progressing @entity51 was defined as a decrease of one point or more in the global neurological scale score during hospitalization, when compared with that at entry. RESULTS: The conditions of 39 @entity1 (26%) deteriorated during the initial 4 days; 20 @entity1 (51%) had an impaired level of consciousness, and 19 @entity1 (49%) had impaired limb strength and/or speech. They had been hospitalized earlier and had higher serum @entity413 levels at admission; the baseline CT scans of these @entity1 showed an early focal @entity6152 and initial mass effect more frequently. On the repeated CT scan (144 @entity1 ) or at autopsy (eight @entity1 ), @entity1 with a progressing course more frequently had large @entity1188 , severe mass effect, and @entity385 . We found no differences with regard to demographic data, medical history, and treatments that were given; only subcutaneous heparin @entity460 was more frequently administered to @entity1 with a progressing course. Twenty-two (27%) of the 80 @entity1 who underwent angiography had a progressing course, of whom 20 (91%) had an intracranial and/or extracranial @entity432 , with collateral blood supply in seven @entity1 (35%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of progression were the serum @entity413 levels at admission and the early focal @entity6152 with cortical and corticosubcortical locations, with the positive predictive values of the latter being 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 42%) and 57% (95% CI, 47% to 67%), respectively. Among @entity1 who underwent angiography, logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between carotid siphon occlusion and a progressing course. The 30-day case-fatality ratio and disability (Barthel index, < 60) were higher in @entity1 with a progressing course (36% and 54% vs 12% and 35%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early @entity64 deterioration is still an event that is difficult to predict; it is largely determined by @entity2657 following an @entity432 , as indicated by an early focal @entity6152 and initial mass effect on the baseline CT scan. Since early deterioration anticipates a bad outcome in 90% of @entity1 , it might be used as an early surrogate end point in therapeutic trials.

title: Progressing XXXX secondary to acute @entity385 . A study on predictability, pathogenesis, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although somatoform presentations are common, there is considerable @entity911 regarding the diagnostic terminology and a reluctance to use these diagnostic labels. The aim of this study was to elicit the views of physicians who see these @entity1 . METHODS: Four small group discussions were held in San Diego and Edinburgh. Psychiatrists from very different practice settings attended these groups ( @entity1 psychiatrists, forensic psychiatrists, psychopharmacologists, consultation psychiatrists, psychotherapists). Non-psychiatrist attendees included neurologists, pediatricians, internists, and gastroenterologists. Using themes identified from the groups, an anonymous internet poll was designed and physicians from a variety of professional organizations were invited to respond to an anonymous poll. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-two physicians responded to the poll. Two-thirds were psychiatrists; two-thirds were from the United States. While, in general, physicians reported that somatoform @entity1 were relatively rare in their practices (i.e., 0-2%), some physicians reported high prevalence of these @entity1 (i.e., >20%). Over 30% of the physicians considered the diagnostic guidelines for @entity2531 and @entity2531 not otherwise specified as "unclear." Similar numbers of doctors regarded these particular diagnoses as "not useful." Physicians were uniform in their opinion that @entity1 disapproved of such diagnostic labels. Over 90% of respondents felt that there was an overlap between @entity2531 , @entity2531 , @entity16251 , and @entity2531 not otherwise specified. CONCLUSION: These observations imply a need for considerable restructuring of these diagnoses in @entity4987 .

title: What do physicians think of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization disorder', 'somatoform disorder', 'pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity16251 :: ('MESH:D006998', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondriasis']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform disorders']


abstract: Caspase family genes play a critical role in the initiation and execution of programmed cell death. Programmed cell death is an important contributor to @entity528 following @entity2806 . We have performed a series of experiments to investigate the role of a specific caspase, @entity39642 , in the development of delayed @entity528 following transient global @entity63 in the @entity35 . A @entity35 ischemic brain cDNA library was screened, and two splice-variants of @entity39642 mRNA were identified, caspase-2S and caspase-2L, which were highly homologous with the sequences of @entity1 and @entity19 caspase-2S and caspase-2L genes, respectively. RT-PCR demonstrated an increase in expression of both caspase-2S and caspase-2L mRNA at 8, 24 and 72 h of reperfusion after global @entity63 . The ratio of the two PCR fragments did not change significantly throughout the time course of reperfusion. Western blot with monoclonal antibody specific to the pro-apoptotic @entity39642 L splice variant revealed an increase in procaspase-2 (51 kDa) protein from 4 to 72 h following @entity63 compared with sham-operated controls. Furthermore, an approximately 30-kDa cleavage product appeared at 8 h and increased with increasing duration of reperfusion. Thus, caspase-2L is both translated and activated following transient global @entity63 . Finally, intraventricular administration of the @entity39642 -like inhibitor (VDVAD-FMK) 30 min before induction of @entity63 decreased the number of @entity1249 neurons staining positively for DNA damage (Klenow-labeling assay) and increased the number of healthy-appearing @entity1249 neurons ( @entity10371 ) compared with vehicle-treated controls. Taken together, the data suggest that @entity39642 induction and activation are important mediators of delayed @entity528 following transient global @entity63 .

title: Two @entity39642 transcripts are expressed in XXXX hippocampus after @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: A previously published @entity565 intervention used a software application to data mine pharmacy dispensing records and generate a list of @entity1 with potentially suboptimal management of their @entity565 ; in particular, a high rate of provision of reliever medication. These @entity1 were sent educational material from their community pharmacists and advised to seek a review of their @entity565 management from their general practitioner. The intervention resulted in a 3-fold improvement in the ratio of dispensed preventer medication (inhaled corticosteroids) to reliever medication (short-acting @entity2263 agonists). This follow-up study aimed to determine the long-term effects of the intervention programme on the preventer-to-reliever (P:R) ratio. METHODS: The same data mining software was modified so that it could re-identify @entity1 who were originally targeted for the intervention. Community pharmacists who participated in the previous intervention installed the modified version of the software. The dispensing data were then de-identified, encrypted and transferred via the Internet to a secure server. The follow-up dispensing data for all @entity1 were compared with their pre- and post-intervention data collected originally. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 1551 @entity1 who were included in the original study, 718 (46  3%) were eligible to be included in the follow-up study. The improved P:R ratio was sustained for at least 12 months following the intervention (P < 0  01). The sustained increase in the P:R ratio was attributed to significant decreases in the average daily usage of reliever medication (P < 0  0001). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up study demonstrated a sustained improvement in the ratio of dispensed preventer medication to reliever medication for @entity565 . The intervention has the potential to show long-lasting and widespread improvements in @entity565 management, improved health outcomes for @entity1 , and ultimately, a reduced burden on the health system.

title: The sustainability of a community pharmacy intervention to improve the quality use of XXXX medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity73 are common in @entity1 with @entity161 . However, it is not clear if these deficits are a vulnerability marker and whether they are independent to @entity73 . This study investigates these two issues in individuals with a genetic liability to @entity716 . METHODS: Twenty-one healthy siblings of @entity1 with @entity161 were compared with 21 healthy individuals on a range of @entity73 . Significant differences in cognitive domains were controlled for when comparing the two groups on measures of social cognition. RESULTS: Siblings of @entity1 with @entity161 performed significantly worst on tests of theory of mind and social perception but not on affect recognition. Scores on tests of executive function, processing speed and general IQ were also lower in the sibling group. When controlled for differences in cognitive tests, the two groups still retained significant differences in theory of mind and social perception. However, executive function significantly contributed to theory of mind and processing speed to social perception differences. CONCLUSIONS: These results further suggest that difficulties in some domains of social cognition are associated with a genetic vulnerability for @entity161 . In these areas, @entity73 account only partially for social cognition problems suggesting that these two domains may represent relatively independent liability factors.

title: Cognition and social cognition in non-psychotic siblings of XXXX with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and social cognitive measures', 'Deficits in Social Cognition', 'cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determination of Basal Energy Expenditure ( @entity5157 ) is essential for planning nutritional therapy in @entity1 with @entity418 . AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine @entity5157 through indirect calorimetry (IC) in @entity1 with @entity957 of the esophagus (SCC). METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 30 @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of SCC who underwent IC before starting @entity5 therapy. The @entity5157 was evaluated using IC and also estimated by means of the Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE). Nutritional assessment was conducted using anthropometric parameters (body mass index, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, and @entity353 ), biochemical parameters (albumin, transferrin and C-reactive protein) and tetrapolar bioimpedance to assess body composition (fat free mass). Additionally, lung capacity was measured and clinical staging of the @entity5 established by the TNM method. RESULTS: The mean of the @entity5157 for IC and Harris-Benedict Equation were 1421.8    348.2 kcal/day and 1310.6    215.1 kcal/day, respectively. No association was found between @entity5157 measured by IC and clinical staging (p=0.255) or the Tiffeneau Index (p=0.946). There were no significant associations between @entity5157 measured by IC and altered dosages of transferrin, albumin and C-reactive protein (p=0.364, 0.309 and 0.780 respectively). The factors most associated with @entity5157 were BMI and fat free mass. CONCLUSION: The @entity5157 of @entity1 with SCC was underestimated when using the HBE, and the result overestimated when incorporating an injury factor with the HBE. Therefore, despite the practical difficulties of implementing IC, its use should be considered.

title: Basal energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in XXXX with @entity957 of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intravascular coil embolization of @entity438 has proved to be a safe and effective treatment in certain @entity1 groups; however, this treatment is relatively new, and the long-term outcomes are unknown. One of the known complications is refilling of the @entity439 dome, which is seen in follow-up studies. This @entity1 population poses unique technical difficulties for the neurosurgeon. We present a series of 18 @entity1 who underwent surgery for residual @entity439 after coil remobilization. METHODS: During a 5-year period, we performed surgery in 18 @entity1 who had previously undergone coil embolization for their @entity439 . Of these @entity439 , four were in the anterior communicating artery, five were in the posterior communicating artery, three were in the internal carotid artery, three were in the @entity76 , and three were in the middle cerebral artery. One @entity1 presented with @entity397 , one presented with @entity129 , and the rest of the @entity439 were found on routine follow-up angiograms. Fifteen @entity439 were clipped, and in three @entity1 , they were wrapped because the clip could not be placed adequately. RESULTS: There were no major complications in any of the @entity1 , and all had uneventful recoveries. The presence of coils in the @entity439 dome and/or neck made clipping and exposure of the @entity439 neck difficult, resulting in @entity135 in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Operative clipping after previous coil embolization in @entity439 poses a unique problem for neurosurgeons. With the increasing use of coil embolization, this @entity1 population will undoubtedly increase. The neurosurgeon should be aware of the difficulties and pitfalls encountered in these @entity1 .

title: Surgically treated XXXX previously coiled: lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['acute IIIrd cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete neck obliteration']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['posteroinferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) such as @entity6715 / @entity137 ( @entity1610 /TEN) and @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms/ @entity56 (DRESS/DIHS) serve as one of the main reasons for inpatient ophthalmic consultation. Although it is well-recognized that @entity1610 /TEN is associated with severe @entity32 and cicatrizing, potentially blinding, sequelae, this association has not been described in relation to other @entity137 . We present a @entity1 fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for probable DRESS/DIHS but not for @entity1610 /TEN, yet exhibiting the severe ocular surface involvement characteristic of @entity1610 /TEN. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 64-year-old @entity1 presented with bilateral @entity2024 and conjunctival denudation (sloughing) in the setting of a maculopapular @entity1910 , fever, @entity409 , and @entity1503 1 month after initiating several medications. A skin biopsy was not consistent with @entity1610 /TEN. The @entity1 was diagnosed with probable DRESS/DIHS and treated with high-dose systemic @entity288 . The ocular surface @entity32 was addressed with intensive topical corticosteroid ointment. The @entity8307 resolved over a 6-week period, but the @entity1 exhibited residual conjunctival scarring of all palpebral surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The development of severe ocular surface @entity32 and denudation with cicatrizing sequelae in a @entity1 carrying a diagnosis of DRESS/DIHS has diagnostic and therapeutic implications for the ophthalmologist. Careful ophthalmic assessment is indicated in any SCAR @entity1 with ophthalmic symptoms, regardless of formal diagnosis. Furthermore, the early therapeutic interventions recently recommended in @entity1610 /TEN to limit the ophthalmic cicatricial sequelae, such as systemic or topical @entity288 , may be indicated.

title: Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis in a @entity1 Diagnosed With @entity137 With @entity1712 and Systemic Symptoms/ XXXX but With Features of @entity6715 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ocular mucosal inflammation', 'inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug reaction', 'SCARs', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis', 'Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranes']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Limited information is available about preoperative fasting abbreviation with administration of liquid enriched with @entity3363 (CHO) in cardiovascular surgeries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical variables, security of the method and effects on the metabolism of @entity1 undergoing fasting abbreviation in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: Forty @entity1 undergoing CABG were randomized to receive 400 ml (6 hours before) and 200 ml (2 hours before) of maltodextrin at 12.5% (Group I, n=20) or just water (Group II, n=20) before anesthetic induction. Perioperative clinical variables were evaluated. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by Homa-IR index and also by the need of exogenous insulin; pancreatic beta-cell excretory function by Homa-Beta index and glycemic control by tests of capillary @entity413 . RESULTS: Deaths, bronchoaspiration, @entity1764 , @entity64 and acute @entity583 did not occur. @entity955 occurred in two @entity1 of each group and infectious complications did not differ among groups (P=0.611). @entity1 of Group I presented two days less of hospital stay (P=0.025) and one day less in the ICU (P<0.001). The length of time using @entity452 was shorter in Group I (P=0.034). Glycemic control in the first 6h after surgery was worse for Group II (P=0.012). IR was verified and did not differ among groups (P>0.05). A decline in the endogenous production of insulin was observed in both groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative fasting abbreviation with the administration of @entity435 in the CABG was safe. The glycemic control improved in the ICU; there was less time in the use of @entity452 and length of hospital and ICU stay was reduced. However, neither IR nor morbimortality during hospital phase were influenced.

title: Clinical and metabolic results of fasting abbreviation with XXXX in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The strengths-based approach is considered a paradigm shift from the deficits- focused service delivery models. The aim of this review was to systematically review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi experimental studies examining the impact of the strengths-based approach on level of functioning and quality of life as primary outcomes and @entity716 as secondary outcomes in @entity1 diagnosed with severe @entity1032 . METHODS: This review was conducted in the School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. @entity1 in the primary studies were adults diagnosed with @entity914 . The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using "Consort 2010" checklist for the randomized controlled trials or "TREND" for the quasi-experimental studies. The EPOC checklist was used for data extraction while management of data and meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager software (RevMan version 5.2). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the strengths-based approach and other service delivery models in level of functioning and quality of life. However, a significant effect on symptoms favouring other service delivery models was reported. CONCLUSION: Based upon evidence of moderate quality, this review suggests there is no effect of the strengths-based model of service delivery in level of functioning and quality of life in adults diagnosed with severe @entity1032 . The number of trials is low; therefore further evidence is required to ascertain the impact of the strengths-based approach in community mental health care.

title: The strengths based approach as a service delivery model for severe XXXX : a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a new technique for revising oversized @entity4530 after trabeculectomy. METHODS: A chart review of consecutive @entity1 undergoing bleb window cryopexy was conducted. @entity1 with symptomatic oversized @entity4530 were candidates for the technique, regardless of the intraocular pressure. Under topical anesthesia, the bleb was incised and a 3 mm x 3 mm conjunctival window was removed using 0.12 forceps and Vannas scissors. Light cryotherapy was applied to the sclera through the window. A soft bandage contact lens was then placed for compression, and a patch was applied. All @entity1 were given antibiotic drops the first day after surgery. Topical corticosteroid drops were used to minimize @entity86 . Outcome measures included relief of symptoms, adequate control of intraocular pressure, and restoration of filtering bleb function without further antiglaucoma medication or surgical @entity4530 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. All @entity1 had flattening of the bleb with symptomatic relief within 2 weeks. No loss of bleb function occurred. One @entity1 developed aqueous misdirection after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Early results showed that bleb window cryopexy is safe and effective. This minimally invasive technique can be useful for selected @entity1 with large. symptomatic, overhanging @entity4530 .

title: Bleb window cryopexy for the management of oversized, misplaced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blebs', 'bleb revision']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['blebs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. To compare the long-term outcomes of infectious versus sterile perforated @entity3283 after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in the United States. Methods. The charts of 45 consecutive eyes that underwent primary therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for a perforated corneal ulcer at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. The perforated @entity1066 were classified as infectious or sterile and the underlying demographics, clinical features, and 36-month outcomes were compared among the two groups. Results. Mean follow-up among subjects was 38.6 (  6.9) months. @entity1 presenting with sterile perforated @entity1066 were more likely to have a peripheral perforation location (p = 0.0333) and recurrence of the underlying disease condition (p = 0.0321), require adjunctive surgical measures in the immediate postoperative period (p < 0.0001), have reperforation after keratoplasty (p = 0.0079), have worse best corrected visual acuity (p = 0.0130), develop no light perception vision (p = 0.0053), and require enucleation/evisceration (p = 0.0252) when compared to the infectious perforated ulcer group. Conclusions. Sterile perforated @entity3283 have a worse prognosis and may be more frequent than those caused by @entity166 in the United States compared to the developing world.

title: Outcomes of Infectious versus Sterile Perforated XXXX after Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['Corneal Ulcers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8101 Background: We had previously reported an increase in the incidence of symptomatic @entity1150 @entity1 receiving recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEpo) compared to @entity1 not receiving rHuEpo in conjunction with chemoradiation therapy ( @entity5 2003; 98: 1514-20). From April 2002, we instituted a policy of prophylactic low dose @entity1229 in an attempt to prevent @entity1150 in this cohort receiving rHuEpo. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 56 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2622 (FIGO Stage IB-IVA) who received chemoradiation and rHuEpo from 2001 to 2003 were performed. Subjects were divided into two groups: 32 subjects received rHuEpo alone, 24 subjects received daily @entity1229 (1-2 mg) in addition to rHuEpo. Primary endpoint was symptomatic @entity1150 proven by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline characteristics (e.g. age, stage, body mass index, mean and peak hemoglobin, WBC and platelet counts recorded at the time of peak hemoglobin, and number of transfusions) between these two cohorts (p >=  0.06, Wilcoxon rank sum test). 9 out of 24 @entity1 (37.5%) had a symptomatic @entity1150 while receiving @entity1229 compared to 10 out of 32 @entity1 (31.3%) not on any anticoagulation. The incidence of @entity715 was not different between the two groups studied (p=0.62, Chi-square test; OR=1.32, 95% CI=(0.43,4.02)). Out of the 9 @entity1 who had a @entity1150 while receiving @entity1229 , 7 developed @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) @entity1150 while 3 had lower extremity (LE) @entity1150 (1 @entity1 had both @entity2045 and LE @entity715 ). For the 10 @entity1 who were not on @entity1229 and developed @entity715 , 9 were @entity2045 @entity1150 and 2 were LE @entity1150 (1 @entity1 had both @entity2045 and LE @entity1150 ). There was no difference between the two groups in the percentage of @entity1 with @entity2045 @entity1150 (p=0.83, Chi-square test; OR=1.14, 95% CI=(0.35,3.74)) or LE @entity1150 (p=0.64, @entity16043 's test; OR=2.2, 95% CI=(0.33,14.79)). CONCLUSIONS: Daily low dose @entity1229 did not alter the incidence of symptomatic @entity1150 in @entity1 with @entity5 who received rHuEpo in conjunction with chemoradiation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis in cervical and vulvo-vaginal carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiation, XXXX , and @entity1229 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical or vulvo-vaginal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['UE', 'upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical or vulvo-vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 144 cervical and vulvo-vaginal cancer', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['coumadin']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: Background/Aims: To investigate the drug survival rate of @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) and analyze the potential predictors of this rate in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in routine care. Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 102 @entity309 @entity1 treated with @entity5467 from April 2009 to January 2014 at a tertiary center in South Korea. The causes of @entity5467 discontinuation were classified as lack of efficacy (LOE), adverse events (AEs), and others. The drug survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the predictors of this rate were identified by Cox-regression analyses. Results: @entity5467 was discontinued in 27 of 102 @entity309 @entity1 (26.5%). The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year @entity5467 continuation rates were 81.8%, 78.4%, 74.2%, and 69.1%, respectively and the median follow-up period from the start of @entity5467 was 32.5 months. The number of @entity5467 discontinuations due to LOE, AEs, and others were 15 (55.6%), 11 (40.7 %), and 1 (3.7%), respectively. The baseline high disease activity was a significant risk factor for @entity5467 discontinuation after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 5.35; p = 0.019). In addition, underlying @entity401 was significantly associated with @entity5467 withdrawal due to AEs (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.06 to 11.46; p = 0.039). Conclusions: In our study, @entity5467 showed a good overall survival rate in @entity1 with @entity309 in real clinical practice. This suggests that the long-term @entity5467 therapy has a favorable efficacy and safety profile for treating @entity309 .

title: Drug survival and the associated predictors in South Korean @entity1 with XXXX receiving @entity1140 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We present a surgical case of 61-year-old @entity1 with distal @entity449 . Under selective cerebral perfusion in deep @entity2332 , we approached to the @entity439 through median sternotomy. Dilated distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta with mural @entity715 in the aneurysmal lumen were found. The aortic occlusion balloon catheter was inserted into the descending aorta. A Cooley woven Dacron graft (26 mm in diameter) was anastomosed at 5 cm above its distal end loosely to the descending aorta with five interrupted mattress sutures, and the distal portion of the graft was pushed down into the distal aorta (" @entity7105 trunk" technique). Postoperative course was uneventful and the dead space around the graft in @entity439 was filled with @entity715 . Six months later, however, emergent operation was performed because of compression of the bronchus and the esophagus by enlargement of the @entity439 due to leakage. The second operation was approached through 5th left intercostal thoracotomy and median sternotomy. The @entity439 was opened, and the @entity715 was amounted to 500 g. The distal end of the graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the mid-portion of the descending thoracic aorta. Postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged. It is concluded that @entity7105 trunk technique is effective and the postoperative control of @entity101 is very important.

title: [Surgical repair of distal @entity449 using " XXXX trunk" technique].

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Elephant', 'elephant']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out whether a negative finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can rule out @entity1494 @entity33 safely without cystoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with @entity5 between January 2005 and December 2009. MRI findings on @entity1494 were classified as follows: (1) definite evidence of @entity33 , (2) suggestive of @entity33 or (3) no evidence of @entity33 . We correlated MRI findings with the cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy findings. RESULTS: A total of 257 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Sixteen @entity1 had at least suspicious @entity150 , and 1 @entity1 had definite rectal invasion on MRI. Of these 17 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 had @entity150 , and 1 @entity1 had @entity3 . The remaining 240 had negative MRI, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy findings. The MRI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of @entity1494 @entity33 were 100%, 96.0%, 41.25%, 100% and 96.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Skipping cystoscopy or sigmoidoscopy based on the absence of invasion on MRI is safe enough without concern for understaging.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging for @entity1494 invasion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder or rectum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['actual bladder mucosa invasion', 'bladder invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['rectal mucosa invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Open @entity726 is defined as a progressive and time-dependent @entity204 of @entity989 concomitant with high intraocular pressure, leading to loss of visual field. Because neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that support neuronal survival, we hypothesized that quantitative and qualitative changes in neurotrophins or their receptors may take place early in @entity2790 , preceding extensive cell @entity204 and clinical features of @entity726 . We present molecular, biochemical, and phenotypic evidence that significant @entity2057 occur in retina, which correlate temporally with @entity989 . After 7 days of @entity2790 there is a transient up-regulation of retinal NGF, while its receptor @entity2250 is up-regulated in a sustained fashion in retinal neurons. After 28 days of @entity2790 there is sustained up-regulation of retinal @entity2252 , but its receptor @entity12715 remains unchanged. Throughout, NT-3 levels remain unchanged but there is an early and sustained increase of its receptor @entity13820 in M  ller cells but not in @entity989 . These newly synthesized glial @entity13820 receptors are truncated, kinase-dead isoforms. Expression of retinal @entity2251 also increases late at day 28. Asymmetric up-regulation of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors may preclude efficient neurotrophic rescue of RGCs from apoptosis. A possible rationale for therapeutic intervention with @entity2250 receptor agonists and @entity2251 receptor antagonists is proposed.

title: Changes in retinal expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cells', 'retinal ganglion cell death']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic changes']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17 consist of a variety of autoimmune conditions in which the myelin sheath is damaged due to genetic and/or environmental factors. During clinical treatment, some @entity1 undergo partial remyelination, especially during the early disease stages. However, the mechanisms that regulate @entity17 remain unclear. The myelin structure, myelin formation and myelin-related gene expression are highly conserved between mammals and @entity3392 . Therefore, the @entity3392 is an ideal model organism to study myelination. In this study, we generated a transgenic @entity3392 Tg( @entity35911 :nfsB-egfp) expressing a fusion protein composed of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and NTR from the @entity35911 ( @entity35911 ) promoter. Tg( @entity35911 :nfsB-egfp) expressed NTR-EGFP reproducibly and hereditarily in oligodendrocytes along the spinal cord. Treatment of @entity3392 larvae Tg( @entity35911 :nfsB-egfp) with @entity868 (Mtz) resulted in the selective ablation of oligodendrocytes and led to @entity17 , accompanied by behavioral changes, including decreased total movement distance, velocity, total movement time and fast movement time. After withdrawal of Mtz for a seven day recovery period, the expression of EGFP and @entity35911 protein was observed again which indicates remyelination. Additionally, locomotor capacity was restored. Collectively, Tg( @entity35911 :nfsB-egfp), a heritable and stable transgenic line, provides a novel, powerful tool to study the mechanisms of @entity17 and remyelination.

title: A novel model of @entity17 and remyelination in a GFP-transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'Demyelinating diseases']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the concurrent and criterion validity of the @entity146 ( @entity146 ). METHODS: Three groups, comprising 38 mothers of @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity2438 (DSM IV-TR, 2002), 43 mothers of @entity1 with @entity3180 other than @entity2438 , and 52 mothers of @entity1 who had no linguistic or behavioral complaints, were interviewed. In order to minimize the effect of maternal level of education, the questionnaire was completed by the researcher. To determine the concurrent validation, ANOVA and discriminant analysis were used. The ROC curve was used to establish the cutoff score of the sample and to examine the criterion validity. RESULTS: The mean total score was significantly higher in the group of mothers of @entity2438 @entity1 than in the other groups. The @entity146 correctly identified 81.6% of the @entity2438 @entity1 . The ROC curve cutoff score was 49, and the sensitivity was 92.1%, higher than the 57.89% found when a cutoff score of 68 was used. The specificity was 92.6%, similar to the 94.73% obtained with a cutoff score of 68. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity146 shows promise as an instrument for identifying @entity1 with @entity2438 , both in clinical and educational contexts, especially when a cutoff score of 49 is used.

title: Validity of XXXX ( @entity146 ): preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorders', 'autism', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ABC', 'Autism Behavior Checklist']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Autism Behavior Checklist']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether real-time elastography, a new, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of @entity0 , improves the differentiation and characterization of benign and malignant @entity1558 . METHODS: Real-time elastography was carried out in 108 potential @entity0 @entity1 with cytologically or histologically confirmed focal @entity1558 (59 benign, 49 malignant; median age, 53.9 years; range, 16-84 years). @entity5 and healthy tissue were differentiated by measurement of elasticity based on the correlation between tissue properties and elasticity modulus. Evaluation was performed using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, in which the information is color-coded and superimposed on the B-mode ultrasound image. A second observer evaluated the elastography images, in order to improve the objectivity of the method. The results of B-mode scan and elastography were compared with those of histology and previous sonographic findings. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated, taking histology as the gold standard. RESULTS: B-mode ultrasound had a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 78%, compared with sensitivities of 77.6% and 79.6% and specificities of 91.5% and 84.7%, respectively, for the two observers evaluating elastography. Agreement between B-mode ultrasound and elastography was good, yielding a weighted kappa of 0.67. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial clinical results suggest that real-time elastography improves the specificity of breast lesion diagnosis and is a promising new approach for the diagnosis of @entity0 . Elastography provides additional information for differentiating malignant BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) category IV lesions.

title: Real-time elastography--an advanced method of ultrasound: First results in 108 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors have been implicated in both vascular and ventricular remodeling, and in @entity731 . The prognostic value of plasma @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) levels in @entity1 with established or suspected @entity453 is unknown. METHODS: @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) levels, along with a number of other established biomarkers, were measured in 389 male @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. The @entity1 were then followed prospectively for the occurrence of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). RESULTS: Follow-up data at 24 months were available for 97% of the @entity1 . For the entire cohort of @entity1 , @entity2843 was the only biomarker to independently predict all-cause mortality and @entity583 . In addition, the ratio of @entity2843 to matrix metalloproteinase-9 was independently predictive of cardiac mortality at 24 months. The 24-month survival rates for @entity1 in the lower quartile (< 66.5 ng/mL), interquartile (66.5-100 ng/mL), and upper quartile (> 100 ng/mL) of plasma @entity2843 values were 95.3%, 89.3%, and 72.2%, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, when @entity1 with @entity662 were risk stratified into those with and without an @entity1187 , @entity2843 remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of male @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography, a single baseline determination of plasma @entity2843 is independently predictive of the subsequent risk of @entity204 and @entity583 .

title: @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9', 'MMP-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque rupture']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to see whether action @entity400 contributes to the weakness which can be measured in some muscles in @entity1 with @entity191 , by preventing fully fused contraction of motor units. Strength and action @entity400 were recorded during maximal wrist extension in @entity1 when they were on and off antiparkinsonian medication, and in age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Peak torque and mean rectified EMG levels were reduced by 25% and 30% (n = 7), respectively, when @entity1 were off medication (compared with when they were on medication). In @entity191 @entity1 off treatment, action @entity400 was visible in torque and EMG records, and had a frequency of approximately 10 Hz. The absolute amplitude of this @entity400 was considerably smaller in @entity1 on medication and in control subjects. In @entity1 , medication reduced action @entity400 in torque and EMG by 37% and 57%, respectively, so that @entity400 amplitude approached that in normals. Similar changes were seen when action @entity400 was expressed as % peak torque of % mean rectified EMG. In @entity191 @entity1 off medication, a 10-Hz synchronizing influence dominates muscle activity at the wrist. The results is an incompletely fused @entity2472 , which is an important factor contributing to the weakness present in the off-medication state. Antiparkinsonian medication releases motor units from the 10-Hz synchronizing influence, enabling higher discharge rates, fused contraction and improved force generation.

title: Does @entity191 action @entity400 contribute to muscle weakness in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contraction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The Gram-negative metal ion-reducing bacterium @entity18700 is motile by means of a single polar flagellum. We identified two potential stator systems, PomAB and MotAB, each individually sufficient as a force generator to drive @entity717 . Physiological studies indicate that PomAB is @entity1372 -dependent while MotAB is powered by the proton motive force. Flagellar function mainly depends on the PomAB stator; however, the presence of both stator systems under low- @entity1372 conditions results in a faster swimming phenotype. Based on stator homology analysis we speculate that MotAB has been acquired by lateral gene transfer as a consequence of adaptation to a low- @entity1372 environment. Expression analysis at the single cell level showed that both stator systems are expressed simultaneously. An active PomB-mCherry fusion protein effectively localized to the flagellated cell pole in 70-80% of the population independent of @entity1372 concentrations. In contrast, polar localization of MotB-mCherry increased with decreasing @entity1372 concentrations. In the absence of the Pom stator, MotB-mCherry localized to the flagellated cell pole independently of the @entity1372 concentration but was rapidly displaced upon expression of PomAB. We propose that selection of the stator occurs at the level of protein localization in response to @entity1372 concentrations.

title: Two different stator systems drive a single polar flagellum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['flagellar rotation']

entities_list: @entity18700 :: ('211586', 'Species') :: ['Shewanella oneidensis MR-1']

answer: @entity18700 :: (211586,Species) :: ['Shewanella oneidensis MR-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We obtained magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) scans from individuals with @entity19606 ( @entity19606 ) (1) to investigate the presence, extent, and nature of pathology in white and gray matter outside @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )-visible lesions; (2) to quantify the degree of @entity3145 occurring in lesions seen on @entity2101 -weighted scans; and (3) to correlate MTI-derived measures of disease burden with age, @entity717 , and cognitive performance. METHODS: Dual-echo, T1-weighted, and MTI scans of the brain were obtained from 33 individuals with @entity19606 and 12 control subjects. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values from @entity66 , normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) were measured. Histograms of MTR from the whole brain and normal-appearing brain tissue were also produced. RESULTS: All MTR values from NAWM and NAGM regions studied were significantly lower for individuals with @entity19606 than for control subjects, with the exception of those obtained from the NAWM of the infratentorial structures and the NAGM of the occipital cortex. The average MTR from @entity66 in individuals with @entity19606 was significantly lower than that from all the NAWM regions. Average MTR and peak location from whole-brain and normal-appearing brain tissue histograms were significantly lower for individuals with @entity19606 than for control subjects. MTR values from NAWM were strongly correlated with the extent of macroscopic lesions and their average MTR. Apart from NAGM, average MTR from all other tissues studied significantly decreased with increasing age, @entity717 , and @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 of individuals with @entity19606 have variable degrees of @entity3145 . Brain tissue outside @entity66 is also damaged. This study suggests that the extent and the severity of the brain @entity3145 are critical factors in determining clinical status in @entity19606 .

title: Correlations between clinical findings and magnetization transfer imaging metrics of XXXX in individuals with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['PD abnormalities', 'PD lesions', 'PD-visible lesions']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity19606 :: ('MESH:D046589', 'Disease') :: ['CADASIL', 'cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'proton density']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['tissue damage']


abstract: Lectins are @entity1735 -binding proteins and have been used for purification and characterization of glycoproteins. In this study, a novel 58.9-kDa tetrameric lectin from Artocarpus lingnanensis seeds was purified, characterized, and its mitogenic potential was evaluated. The hemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that @entity11231 ( @entity11231 ) showed specificity toward @entity3649 . @entity11231 was effectively purified in a single-step using affinity chromatography on a @entity3649 -Sepharose column. @entity11231 showed pH optima between 5.0 and 9.0, and optimal temperature between 20 and 40    C. @entity11231 triggered proliferation and activation of @entity1 T lymphocytes (e.g., CD4(+) T lymphocytes). Flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed binding of @entity11231 to T cells and colocalized with @entity1195 . Affinity chromatography and Western blot suggested that @entity1195 isolated from @entity1 T cell membrane fraction may be the major receptor of @entity11231 . @entity1195 blocking antibody attenuated the binding and proliferation of T cells induced by @entity11231 . @entity1195 -PTPase inhibitor @entity62282 reduced @entity11231 -induced T cells proliferation and expression of @entity2902 and pZAP-70. Furthermore, secretion of @entity11231 -induced @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines was blocked with @entity62282 . Also, @entity62282 inhibited phosphorylation of @entity11231 -mediated activation of @entity3963 and p38MAPK. This study demonstrates the involvement of @entity1195 -mediated signaling in @entity11231 -induced T lymphocyte proliferation and @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine secretion through activation of @entity1435 and @entity3963 .

title: A novel lectin from Artocarpus lingnanensis induces proliferation and @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine secretion through XXXX signaling pathway in @entity1 T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity11231 :: ('MESH:C563602', 'Disease') :: ['Artocarpus lingnanensis lectin', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity62282 :: ('MESH:C084037', 'Chemical') :: ['dephostatin']

answer: @entity1195 :: (5788,Gene) :: ['CD45']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1576 is associated with significant morbidity and is the predominant cause of @entity4681 / @entity746 (MND/ @entity2655 ). This study aimed to determine the effect of non-invasive ventilatory (NIV) support on survival and pulmonary function decline across MND/ @entity2655 phenotypes. METHODS: Cohort recruited via a specialist, multidisciplinary clinic. @entity1 were categorised into four clinical phenotypes ( @entity2655 , flail arm, flail leg and primary @entity4681 ) according to site of presenting symptom and the pattern of upper versus lower motor neurone involvement. NIV was initiated according to current consensus practice guidelines. RESULTS: Between 1991 and 2011, 1198 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2655 /MND were registered. 929 @entity1 (77.5%) fulfilled the selection criteria and their data were analysed. Median tracheostomy free survival from symptom onset was 28   months in NIV-treated @entity1 compared to 15   months in untreated (Univariate Cox regression HR=0.61 (0.51 to 0.73), p<0.001). The positive survival effect of NIV persisted when the model was adjusted for age, gender, riluzole and percutaneous @entity734 (HR=0.72 (0.60 to 0.88, p=0.001). In contrast with the only randomised controlled trial, NIV statistically significantly increased survival by 19   months in those with @entity2655 -bulbar onset (Univariate HR=0.50 (0.36 to 0.70), multivariate HR=0.59 (0.41 to 0.83)). These data confirm that NIV improves survival in MND/ @entity2655 . The overall magnitude of benefit is 13   months and was largest in those with @entity66 . Future research should explore the optimal timing of NIV initiation within phenotypes in order to optimise respiratory function, quality of life and survival.

title: Identifying who will benefit from non-invasive ventilation in XXXX /motor neurone disease in a clinical cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ALS-bulbar disease']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lateral sclerosis', 'death in motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy use']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity876 and Ki-67 are regarded as potential interesting predictors of radioresistance, although their exact influence awaits confirmation on a large cohort of uniformly treated @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective cohort of 304 @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 who were treated with radical radiotherapy, the expression levels of @entity876 and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Local control and survival curves were generated for @entity876 and Ki-67 using the Kaplan-Meier method. The difference between curves was calculated in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The overexpression of @entity876 was associated with local treatment failure (P = 0.01) but not with survival (P = 0.09). In a Cox analysis, @entity876 overexpression remained an independent predictor of local failure, with a relative risk of local failure of 1.5 (P = 0.05). Low proliferation (Ki-67 < 20%) was a significant factor in local failure for @entity1 with @entity5 of the oral cavity only (P = 0.01). @entity1 with both unfavorable immunohistochemical markers ( @entity876 overexpression and low proliferation) had a 45% rate of local control compared with a 67% rate for all other combinations (P = 0.002). This association was even more significant in @entity1 with @entity75 (45% vs. 77%; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The results support the role of @entity876 as an independent predictor of local failure in @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 who are treated by radical radiotherapy, suggesting that it may predict radioresistance. Combined with @entity876 , Ki-67 may help in the better selection of @entity1 for radiotherapy, especially for @entity1 with @entity5 . Prospective studies are now needed to confirm these results and to define better the role of these markers in the management of @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: XXXX and Ki-67 as markers of radioresistance in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent evidence suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity385 immediately after @entity1229 initiation. We examined the rate of @entity385 among @entity1 with @entity955 newly started on @entity1229 therapy. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study among Ontario residents aged >= 66 years with @entity955 who received @entity1229 between April 1, 1997, and March 31, 2010. Each @entity1 was followed up for  <=5 years in 30-day intervals. For each interval, we determined the rate of @entity385 . RESULTS: After 5 years, the cumulative incidence of @entity385 among new users of @entity1229 (n=148 446) was 4.0% (n=6006). The risk was highest during the first 30 days after initiation (6.0% per @entity1 -year; 95% confidence interval, 5.5%-6.4%) compared with the remainder of follow-up (1.6% per @entity1 -year; 95% confidence interval, 1.5%-1.6%), and increased with higher baseline CHADS2 ( @entity712 , @entity101 , age >= 75 years, @entity6 , @entity64 ) scores. Less frequent monitoring may have contributed. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of older @entity1 with @entity955 , we observed the highest rate of @entity385 in the first 30 days after @entity1229 initiation. Although causation cannot be established given the observational nature of this study, our findings highlight the need for future research in this population.

title: Rates of XXXX During @entity1229 Treatment for @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Involuntary treatment of @entity146 has always been controversial; this is especially true for @entity1277 . @entity1 with @entity1278 of life threatening severity frequently refuse @entity146 hospitalization. Ambivalence toward treatment is characteristic of @entity1277 and @entity1 are often admitted to inpatient programs under pressure from family and doctors. In this article, we report research on the positive or negative impact of involuntary admission in the treatment of @entity1277 , its application and effectiveness as well as the adverse consequences of coercive treatment in @entity1277 . A literature review was done. From a total of 134 publications which were retrieved from the literature search, 50 studies were directly relevant to the scope of this review and fulfilled all inclusion criteria. There are trends and arguments for both sides; for and against involuntary @entity1278 . The scientific literature so far is inconclusive, although in the short term, involuntary hospitalization has benefits. This review has also shown that involuntary hospitalization can have adverse long-term consequences for the @entity1 -therapist allegiance. We conclude that in some cases, involuntary treatment can save lives of young @entity1 with @entity1278 ; however, in other cases, it can break the psychotherapeutic relationship and make the @entity1 abandon treatment. It is the clinician who has to decide for whom and when to approve involuntary treatment or not.

title: Involuntary admission: the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'treatment in anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment for @entity130 around the knee with @entity1317 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was employed to analyze the clinical data from 15 @entity1 (9 males and 6 females were with a mean age of 39.2 years old,ranging from 26 to 62 years old) with @entity174 or @entity3029 around the knee with @entity1317 from January 2007 to January 2013. Combined with clinical symptoms and signs, @entity26 saturation monitors, color ultrasound, DSA angiography and interventional surgery were used to determine the @entity1317 . The knee @entity174 and @entity3029 were fixed with hybrid external fixation and plate-screw fixation, respectively. Then, the blood circulation was reconstructed by thrombectomy, repair and autologous vein graft for individual injured vascular. The average total operation time, average hospitalization days, predictive salvage index (PSI), average blood transfusion amount, average medical expenses and @entity281 cases were recorded to determine the effect of early diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: There was one @entity1 with @entity204 , 8 @entity1 with amputation, and 6 @entity1 with successful repair surgery for popliteal artery, anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries. These six @entity1 with surviving limbs were followed up for an average of 28.3 months (ranged, 12 to 60 months). Among the 6 successful @entity1 , the joint function of 4 @entity1 was good and excellent. CONCLUSION: The @entity130 around the knee with @entity1317 is characterized by complex and @entity130 , easy misdiagnosis and loss diagnosis, poor prognosis and high risk of amputation. The early diagnosis of @entity130 around the knee with @entity1317 should depend on the mechanism of @entity130 , local anatomical characteristics of injury site, clinical presentations and appropriate auxiliary examinations. The appropriate indications for limb salvage and amputation should be used to achieve more effective clinical results.

title: [Early diagnosis and treatment for @entity130 around the knee with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'popliteal vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'serious injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['popliteal vascular injury']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity7311 and its receptor after @entity2759 reperfusion injury (SIRI) in @entity35 . SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, ChinaMethods: @entity35 were subjected to 1   h of infrarenal aorta occlusion to induce @entity2759 . Spinal cord was reperfused for 12, 24, 48   h or 3 days separately after @entity63 , respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect @entity7311 in rat serum. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the expression and cellular localization of @entity19886 in spinal cord following SIRI. RESULTS: Following SIRI, the motor behavior of the @entity35 was significantly compromised. The serum concentration of @entity7311 in the @entity35 was elevated after SIRI and peaked at 24   h. @entity19886 was significantly upregulated in the lumbar spinal cord following SIRI and expressed on motor neurons and the microglia, but not astrocyte. There was no significant difference in the expression level of @entity19886 localized on motor neurons after SIRI. Remarkable upregulation of the @entity19886 may be associated with increased number of @entity19886 -positive microglia and elevated cellular expression level. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence of the expression of @entity7311 and its receptors in SIRI and suggests their possible contribution to SIRI in a @entity35 model.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 28 April 2015; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.65.

title: Expression of @entity7311 and its receptor following @entity2759 reperfusion injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend stress @entity1066 for @entity1 with severe @entity295 who have @entity548 risks. Although @entity295 has been considered as a risk factor for @entity360 , the effect of stress @entity1066 has not been studied in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . Furthermore, stress @entity1066 may be associated with an increased risk of @entity55 or @entity2718 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the risks and benefits of stress @entity1066 for @entity1 with severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Five hundred twenty-six acute care hospitals in Japan. @entity1 : A total of 70,862 @entity1 with severe @entity295 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One-to-one propensity score matching created 15,651 pairs of @entity1 who received stress @entity1066 within 2 days of admission and those who did not. @entity1 characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. No significant differences were seen between the stress @entity1066 group and the control group with regard to - @entity360 requiring endoscopic hemostasis (0.6% vs 0.5%; p = 0.208), 30-day mortality (16.4% vs 16.9%; p = 0.249), and @entity2718 infection (1.4% vs 1.3%; p = 0.588). The stress @entity1066 group had a significantly higher proportion of @entity55 (3.9% vs 3.3%; p = 0.012) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Since the rate of @entity360 requiring endoscopic hemostasis is not different comparing @entity1 with and without stress @entity1066 , and the increase in @entity55 is significant, routine stress @entity1066 for @entity1 with severe @entity295 may be unnecessary.

title: Risks and Benefits of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium -difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Severe Sepsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity551 has been associated with @entity73 , but cognitive function during @entity551 has hardly been studied. We studied the effect of @entity551 , induced by @entity135 ( @entity135 ), on sustained attention in @entity1 with @entity11460 . METHODS: We studied the @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in the supine position and during @entity135 in 10 @entity1 with @entity11460 and 10 age-matched and sex-matched controls. To avoid @entity1163 , the tilting angle was tailored to @entity1 to reach a stable systolic blood pressure below 100   mm   Hg. Controls were all tilted at an angle of 60  . Cerebral blood flow velocity, blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously. RESULTS: In @entity1 , systolic blood pressure was 61.4   mm   Hg lower during @entity135 than in the supine position (p<0.001). @entity1 did not make more @entity71 errors during @entity135 than in the supine position (-1.3 errors, p=0.3). Controls made 2.3 fewer errors during @entity71 in the @entity135 position compared to the supine position (p=0.020). @entity71 performance led to an increase in systolic blood pressure (+11.8   mm   Hg, p=0.018) and diastolic blood pressure (+5.8   mm   Hg, p=0.017) during @entity71 in the @entity135 position, as well as to a trend towards increased cerebral blood flow velocity (+3.8   cm/s, p=0.101). DISCUSSION: @entity551 in @entity1 with @entity11460 was not associated with impaired sustained attention. This might partly be explained by the observation that @entity71 performance led to a blood pressure increase. Moreover, the upright position was associated with better performance in controls and, to a lesser extent, also in @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity551 on sustained attention in XXXX with @entity11460 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['sustained attention to response task', 'SART']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of twin pregnancies complicated by @entity2209 of one or both fetuses is a scarcely examined area. The risk of perinatal @entity204 in twin pregnancies is increased 2-5 times compared to singletons, and the identification of preventable risk factors becomes increasingly important as the number of @entity2099 is rising. We report the causes of @entity204 in twin pregnancies and their respective risk factors. METHODS: Twin pregnancies (n = 54) complicated by antepartum or intrapartum @entity2209 of one or both twins (n = 68) and twin pregnancies with normal outcome (n = 103) in the counties of Oslo and Akershus, Norway, from 1986 to 1995 were included. The cases were classified and compared to the controls in multiple logistic regression analyses with regard to risk factors. RESULTS: The risk of @entity2209 increased with monochorionicity, non-Western origin and assisted reproduction techniques (ART). The cases could be divided into eight different groups according to the primary diagnosis. The groups did not fit any of the existing cause-of- @entity204 classifications used on singleton stillbirths. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of monochorionic gestation should be made early in pregnancy to designate the level of risk. Assisted reproduction techniques leading to a high incidence of twins should be avoided. Health care professionals in the immigrant population should address the detrimental effects of consanguinity on reproductive outcome. We emphasize the need of a new cause-of- @entity204 classification for twin stillbirths.

title: Cause and risk of XXXX in twin pregnancies: a retrospective audit.

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity2209 :: (MESH:D050497,Disease) :: ['stillbirth']


abstract: The control of torso and junctional zone bleeding in combat casualties is particularly challenging because of its noncompressible nature. Resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (REBOA) has demonstrated promise in translational large animal and early clinical series as an effective resuscitation and @entity548 control adjunct. However, it is unknown what proportion of combat casualties has an injury pattern and clinical course that is amenable to REBOA deployment. The prospective UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry was used to retrospectively identify all UK military personnel who has sustained a severe @entity130 , defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale of three or greater, in the course of 10 years. @entity1 were then divided into three groups based on Abbreviated @entity130 pattern: no indications for REBOA, contraindications (mediastinal, cervical, and @entity548 ), and indications (torso and @entity548 ). From a total of 1,317 @entity1 , 925 (70.2%) had no indication, 148 (11.2%) had a contraindication, and 244 (18.5%) had an indication for REBOA. Within the group with indications for REBOA, there were 174 deaths: 79 at the point of wounding, 66 en route to hospital, and 29 in-hospital deaths. The median (interquartile range) time to @entity204 in @entity1 dying en route was 75 (42-109) min, and the median prehospital time for casualties admitted to hospital was 61 (34-89) min. One-in-five severely injured UK combat casualties have a focus of @entity548 in the abdomen or pelvic junctional region potentially amenable to REBOA deployment. The UK military should explore REBOA as a potential en route @entity548 control and resuscitation adjunct.

title: Resuscitative XXXX of the aorta: a gap analysis of severely injured UK combat casualties.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'axillary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injury Scale injury', 'combat injury']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the incidence of @entity955 after @entity956 is approximately 20% among @entity1 presenting with typical @entity956 and no history of fibrillation. However, studies involving this population have been small, with follow-up typically less than 2 years. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide a more accurate perspective on the long-term risk of @entity955 in @entity1 presenting with isolated typical flutter. METHODS: Clinical records of consecutive @entity1 who had flutter ablations at Presbyterian Medical Center between 1999 and 2004 were assessed (n = 254). @entity1 with no apparent history of @entity955 before their flutter ablation were identified. Retrospective follow-up data on these @entity1 were obtained by review of medical records from our institution, from @entity1 ' cardiologists and primary care physicians, and by direct @entity1 questionnaires. Postablation @entity955 and other @entity943 were identified by electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, and subsequent clinical records. RESULTS: Postablation @entity955 was identified in 40 (50%) of 80 @entity1 , and an additional three @entity1 presented with atypical @entity956 , after a mean follow-up of 29.6 +/- 21.7 months. The incidence of @entity955 was progressive, with 49% occurring after 2 years. There was no difference in age, left atrial size, @entity101 , structural @entity299 , or left @entity67 in @entity1 who developed @entity955 compared with those who did not. CONCLUSION: @entity955 occurs in over half of @entity1 who present with isolated typical flutter after cavotricuspid isthmus ablation. Asymptomatic @entity1 should be screened for recurrent @entity943 indefinitely after ablation. In certain @entity1 , @entity955 and flutter may be different expressions of the same electrical disease, and eradication of the flutter circuit will not prevent the eventual manifestation of @entity955 .

title: @entity955 is common after ablation of isolated XXXX during long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter ablation', 'atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: Paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) is a clinically important fungal disease that can acquire serious systemic forms and is caused by the thermodimorphic fungal @entity12267 spp. PCM is a @entity66 that is endemic in Latin America, where up to ten million @entity1 are infected; 80% of reported cases occur in Brazil, followed by Colombia and Venezuela. To enable genomic studies and to better characterize the pathogenesis of this dimorphic fungus, two reference strains of @entity12267 (Pb03, Pb18) and one strain of @entity58054 ) were sequenced [1]. While the initial draft assemblies were accurate in large scale structure and had high overall base quality, the sequences had frequent small scale defects such as poor quality stretches, unknown bases (N's), and artifactual deletions or @entity377 duplications, all of which caused larger scale errors in predicted gene structures. Since assembly consensus errors can now be addressed using next generation sequencing (NGS) in combination with recent methods allowing systematic assembly improvement, we re-sequenced the three reference strains of @entity12267 spp. using Illumina technology. We utilized the high sequencing depth to re-evaluate and improve the original assemblies generated from Sanger sequence reads, and obtained more complete and accurate reference assemblies. The new assemblies led to improved transcript predictions for the vast majority of genes of these reference strains, and often substantially corrected gene structures. These include several genes that are central to virulence or expressed during the pathogenic @entity375 stage in @entity12267 and other fungi, such as HSP90, RYP1-3, BAD1, catalase @entity7819 ,3-glucan synthase and the beta glucan synthase target gene FKS1. The improvement and validation of these reference sequences will now allow more accurate genome-based analyses. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of a fully automated and quality-assessed upgrade of a genome assembly and annotation for a non-model fungus.

title: Genome update of the dimorphic XXXX pathogenic fungi causing paracoccidioidomycosis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical disease']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides', 'P. brasiliensis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is a significant contributor of morbidity and even mortality in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 . This study was done to determine the significant determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure in @entity2175 @entity1 in Malaysia. METHODS: Between 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009, data from 70 889 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 was obtained from the Adult @entity6 Control and Management Registry for analysis; 303 centers participated in the study. Their demographic characteristics, the nature of their @entity6 , their state of @entity101 , treatment modalities, risk factors, and complications are described. Based on their most recent BP values, subjects were divided into controlled BP and uncontrolled BP and their clinical determinants compared. Independent determinants were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 at diagnosis of @entity6 was 52.3    11.1 years old. Most were @entity1 (59.0 %) and of Malay ethnicity (61.9 %). The mean duration of @entity6 was 5.9    5.6 years. A total of 57.4 % were @entity101 . Of the 56 503 blood pressure (BP) measured, 13 280 (23.5 %) @entity1 had BP <130/80 mmHg. Eighteen percent was on > two anti- @entity101 agents. Health clinics without doctor, older age (>=  50 years old), shorter duration of @entity6 (< 5 years), Malay, overweight were determinants for uncontrolled blood pressure (BP >= 130/80 mmHg). @entity1 who were on anti- @entity101 agent/s were 2.7 times more likely to have BP >= 130/80 mmHg. @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 who had @entity299 or @entity8 were about 20 % and 15 % more likely to have their blood pressure treated to target respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Major independent determinants of uncontrolled BP in our group of @entity2175 @entity1 were Malay ethnicity, older age, recent diagnosis of @entity6 , overweight and follow-up at health clinics without a doctor and possibly the improper use of anti @entity101 agent. More effort, education and resources, especially in the primary health care centres are needed to improve @entity101 care among our @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Determinants of uncontrolled @entity101 in XXXX : an analysis of the Malaysian @entity6 registry 2009.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['adult type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity14688 ( @entity14688 ) is a protein antioxidant involved in major cellular processes. Increased plasma levels of @entity14688 have been associated with @entity1 diseases suggesting that @entity14688 is a marker for oxidative stress with putative clinical use. However, the reported mean levels of @entity14688 in the control cohorts vary a hundred-fold between studies (0.8-87 ng/ml), possibly due to methodological differences between the capture ELISA used in the different studies. The aim of this study was to investigate methodological aspects related to the ELISA measurement of @entity14688 . ELISAs utilizing different capture and detection combinations of antibodies to @entity14688 and as well as recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity14688 standards from two sources were characterized. The different ELISAs were subsequently used to measure @entity14688 in @entity1 plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) from healthy donors and from @entity1 with various neurological diagnoses. The @entity14688 standards differed in their content of monomeric and oligomeric @entity14688 , which affected the ELISAs composed of different antibody combinations. Thus, the levels of @entity14688 determined in @entity1 plasma and CSF samples varied depending on the antibody used in the ELISAs and on the rhTrx1 standard. Furthermore, the relevance of preventing interference by heterophilic antibodies (HA) in @entity1 plasma and CSF was investigated. The addition of a HA blocking buffer to @entity1 samples drastically reduced the ELISA signals in many samples showing that HA are likely to cause false positive results unless they are blocked. In conclusion, the study shows that the design of a @entity14688 ELISA in regards to antibodies and standards used has an impact on the measured @entity14688 levels. Importantly, analyses of @entity1 plasma and CSF without preventing HA interference may obscure the obtained data. Overall, the results of this study are crucial for the improvement of future studies on the association of @entity14688 levels with @entity66 .

title: Methodological aspects of ELISA analysis of thioredoxin 1 in XXXX plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to compare the efficacy of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) with radiography in the diagnosis and management of @entity174 ( @entity174 ). METHODS: @entity1 aged 5-55 years admitted to emergency room due to low-energy, simple extremity @entity130 and had a suspected @entity174 , were included in this prospective study. @entity1 were evaluated by two different emergency physicians in the emergency room. The first physician performed POCUS examination. Second physician evaluated the radiography images. The obtained results were compared. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 were enrolled in the study. @entity174 was detected in 39% by radiography and in 43% of @entity1 by POCUS. Multiple MTFs were identified in 5% of @entity1 . Compared with radiography, POCUS had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 89%, positive predictive value of 84% and a negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI, 83-98%) in the detection of @entity174 . While soft tissue @entity4 was seen in 61% of @entity1 by POCUS, soft tissue @entity4 with @entity1410 was detected in 14%. Compared with radiography, the sensitivity and specificity of POCUS in the decision for surgery were 100% and 98% (95% CI, 97-100%), respectively, whereas its sensitivity and specificity were both 100% in the decision for reduction. CONCLUSION: In our study, we demonstrated that POCUS could be applied with success in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity174 in low-energy injuries. POCUS can be used as an alternative to radiography in the emergency rooms due to being easy to learn and practice and availability of soft tissue examination along with bone tissue examination.

title: The comparison of radiography and point-of-care ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of metatarsal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsal fracture', 'fractures', 'MTF', 'Fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']