abstract: This study evaluates the clinical usefulness of T2 mapping for the detection of @entity296 in the re-perfused acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Cardiac MRIs were reviewed in 20 @entity1 who had acute @entity583 after reperfusion therapy. The regional T2 values and T2-weighted image (T2WI) signal intensities (SI) were measured in the @entity1188 . @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the signal patterns of the @entity1188 on the T2WIs. The T2 values of the infarcted zones were compared on the T2 maps among the three groups. Validation of the T2 values was performed in the normal @entity1562 of seven healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in mean T2WI-SI or T2 values in the normal @entity1562 of healthy volunteers compared to the remote @entity1562 of acute @entity583 @entity1 (p > 0.05). Mean SI on the T2WIs was significantly higher in the @entity1188 (81.3    37.6) than in the remote @entity1562 (63.8    18.1) (p < 0.05). The T2WIs showed high SI in ten @entity1 (group 1), iso-SI in seven (group 2), and low SI in three (group 3) in the @entity1188 , compared to the remote @entity1562 . The T2 maps showed that T2 values in the @entity1188 had mostly increased, regardless of group, with values of 71    9 ms in group 1, 64.9    7.4 ms in group 2, and 61.4    8.5 ms in group 3. T2 mapping is superior to T2WI for detecting areas of high SI in the @entity1188 . Therefore, quantitative T2 mapping sequences may be more useful and reliable in identifying @entity296 in the @entity1188 than T2WI.

title: Quantitative T2 mapping for detecting @entity296 after reperfusion of XXXX : validation and comparison with T2-weighted images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted and remote zones of the myocardium', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the effects of early @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) and @entity11154 antagonist @entity917 ( @entity2596 ) on mortality and carotid distensibility in surviving spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). METHODS: The @entity1702 was initiated either early (week 4 after birth) or late (week 10), continued until 20 weeks of age, and compared to @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) groups. @entity917 was given from the fourth week after birth. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the @entity35 died in early @entity1702 on placebo, 70% in early @entity1702 on @entity2596 -3 mg, 35% in early @entity1702 on @entity2596 -30 mg, and 13% in late @entity1702 on placebo. @entity551 ( @entity551 ) was higher in the early @entity1702 and late @entity1702 groups on placebo compared with @entity1702 . The @entity2596 -30 mg reduced @entity551 in all except early @entity1702 groups. Distensibility at @entity551 (operational distensibility) was lower in late @entity1702 on placebo than in @entity1702 placebo groups. The @entity2596 -30 mg increased distensibility in @entity1702 groups. There was no effect of @entity2596 in late @entity1702 and early @entity1702 groups. Operational distensibility was negatively correlated with @entity551 and salt and positively correlated with @entity2596 treatment. All animals receiving @entity1702 showed a higher isobaric distensibility in early @entity1702 than in late @entity1702 groups and a smaller distensibility in @entity35 treated with @entity2596 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that administration of early @entity1702 in SHR was associated together with a high mortality, a protective action of @entity2596 that increased longevity, and an increased level of isobaric distensibility. Survival in @entity1702 groups suggest a direct role of @entity1808 in salt-induced @entity65 . This role is associated with @entity551 independent of changes in carotid stiffness.

title: Sodium, arterial stiffness, and @entity65 in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['high salt diet', 'HSD', 'normal salt diet', 'NSD']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Mean arterial pressure', 'MAP']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Changes in the rate of isometric force development with @entity1295 were measured in vitro (25 degrees C) using @entity19 soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Muscles were fatigued using 30 tetanic contractions. Rate of force development was determined from the rate constant of an exponential curve fitted to the rising force phase of a @entity116 . For both muscles, when the intertetanus interval was 3 s, maximum isometric force and relaxation rate were significantly reduced in the final @entity116 relative to the values in the first @entity116 . Rate of force development in soleus muscles transiently increased and then decreased a small amount. The final rate was 92.7 +/- 3.3% (n = 4) of the initial rate. In contrast, the rate of force development in EDL muscles increased to 133.7 +/- 3.3% (n = 4) of the initial rate. This increased rate was evident from the second @entity116 of the series, was fully established after 5 @entity116 , and the magnitude of the increase in rate was inversely proportional to intertetanus interval and was independent of presumed energy expenditure. The enhanced rate decayed with a time constant of 14.3 +/- 2.0 s and was independent of presumed energy expenditure. Most of these observations can be explained by the effects of P(i) on cross bridge kinetics. Other possible mechanisms, involving more rapid activation, are also suggested.

title: Effect of XXXX on rate of isometric force development in @entity19 fast- and slow-twitch muscles.

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'tetani']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the awareness of primary @entity358 . METHOD: One case of primary endobronchial @entity5850 was reported and 187 cases of primary @entity358 reported in the literature were reviewed. RESULTS: A 66-year-old female had had recurrent cough, sputum production and fever for 4 years. Chest X-ray showed @entity55 in the right middle lobe. The diagnosis of @entity358 was confirmed by histopathological examination. The incidence of @entity5850 was 2 times higher in males than in females. The common clinical presentations included cough, sputum and @entity662 with a shadow or shadows on chest radiograph. The findings on CT included patchy air-space consolidation, multifocal nodular appearance, cavitation, @entity1143 or thickening and hilar and/or mediastinal @entity3329 . Accurate diagnosis was generally made by histopathological examination of transbronchoscopic biopsy or surgical samples. @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity2929 , @entity28726 , @entity6186 and surgical resection remained to be the treatment of choice over the last 50 years. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity5850 is a rare @entity166 . Early diagnosis and proper treatment can lead to good outcomes with a low mortality.

title: [A case report of XXXX and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity28726 :: ('CHEBI:45373', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphanilamide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary actinomycosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the molecular genetic basis of an early-onset severe @entity1105 in three unrelated consecutive @entity1 of Czech origin and to describe their ocular phenotype. METHODS: DNA samples from two probands were analyzed using a genotyping microarray (Asper) followed by either target analysis of 43 genes implicated in @entity989 by next generation sequencing or whole-exome sequencing, respectively. The third proband underwent conventional Sanger sequencing of @entity26751 based on her ocular findings. RESULTS: All three probands harboured a known disease-causing mutation @entity34995 ; @entity34996 in the @entity26751 gene. One individual was homozygous for this mutation, while in the other two probands @entity34997 ; @entity34998 and @entity34999 ; @entity35000 were also identified in the heterozygous state, respectively. Both variants were novel and evaluated by in silico analysis as pathogenic. A false-negative result was observed in one of the two samples examined by the genotyping microarray. Disease onset in all @entity1 was before the age of 7  years. Hypermetropic @entity2516 , bilateral nummular retinal pigmentation, retinal thickening and cystoid spaces in the macula were observed in two probands, aged 6 and 7  years. The third proband, aged 28  years, had bone spicule-like pigmentary changes associated with increased retinal nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSIONS: The first study reporting on the molecular genetic cause of non-syndromic early-onset severe @entity1105 in Czech @entity1 identified one homozygous and two compound heterozygote probands with @entity26751 mutations. Retina nerve fibre layer measurements should be considered an integral part of the clinical evaluation of @entity1105 . Detailed clinical examination and imaging can both direct molecular screening and help to confirm or refute disease causation of identified variants.

title: Phenotypic features of XXXX -associated early-onset severe @entity1105 and the different molecular approaches to identifying the disease-causing variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity34996 :: ('p|SUB|C|948|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Cys948Tyr)']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dystrophies', 'retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity34998 :: ('p|SUB|G|770|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Gly770Ser)']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

answer: @entity26751 :: (23418,Gene) :: ['CRB1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for @entity173 can be done under general or neuraxial anesthesia. This study aimed to compare these two methods concerning their @entity260 , duration of operation, hospitalization and the mortality rate within a period of one month after surgery. METHODS: 400 @entity1 aged more than 30 years old and scheduled for elective operative fixation of @entity173 , randomly enrolled in two equal groups of general (GA) and neuraxial (NA) anesthesia. Hemoglobin level was measured before and 6 hours, 2, 3 and 5 days after the surgery. The intra and postoperative @entity190 , duration of surgery, the severity of @entity158 at the time of discharge from recovery and at the 2(nd), 3(rd) and 5(th) postoperative days were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 12.0 by Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and t tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Both groups were similar regarding age, weight, and gender ratio. There was no significant difference in baseline hemoglobin, duration of surgery, length of hospitalization before surgery and the type of surgery. The mean of intraoperative @entity190 and visual analogue score (VAS) in recovery and at the 3(rd) postoperative day, and also the length of hospitalization after surgery were significantly less in neuraxial anesthesia group. Both groups showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin values on the 2(nd) and 3(rd) postoperative days comparing to the baseline (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity and mortality rates of @entity1 undergoing hip surgery were similar in both methods of anesthesia, but @entity282 , @entity190 , and duration of hospitalization were more in @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia.

title: Comparative study of two anesthesia methods according to XXXX and one month mortality rate in the candidates of hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'fractured hip']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a potential association between @entity4810 and @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) exposure. @entity2052 has been implicated in the development of @entity2670 and subsequent menstrual and @entity249 problems in @entity1 with @entity302 . @entity249 has been well described in population-based studies of @entity1 with @entity302 . The low marital rates for @entity1 with @entity302 have previously been thought to play a major contributing role. METHODS: We report a case of a 32-year-old @entity1 whose wife and he were able to bear a @entity1 before the development of his @entity302 . With @entity2052 monotherapy, the family were unable to conceive despite 4 years of unprotected intercourse. An @entity249 evaluation of the @entity1 revealed a very low sperm count of < 50,000/ml, no motile sperm, < 10% viability, and 100% with abnormal structure. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and @entity251 levels were normal. RESULTS: @entity2807 (FBM) was initiated and @entity2052 discontinued for improved @entity410 control. Within 4 months, the couple conceived their second @entity1 . A seminal analysis revealed a sperm count of > 16 million, 50% motility, 78% viability, and 72% with abnormal structure. CONCLUSIONS: One must be cautious in extrapolating from a case report, but these findings strongly suggest a direct effect of @entity2052 on spermatic structure and function.

title: @entity4810 : possible association with XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'man', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Infertility', 'infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

entities_list: @entity2807 :: ('MESH:C047360', 'Chemical') :: ['Felbamate']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) and @entity901 in @entity1 affected by @entity43 with a family history of BRCA and @entity876 mutations. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 received a median of 7.5 courses of PLD at 30 to 35 mg/m2 plus @entity901 at 70 mg/m2, and associations between @entity6069 and @entity876 status and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined. Thirty-eight had a short @entity902 -free interval (PFI; <12 months), and 34 had a long PFI (> or =12 months). RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had @entity5345 mutations, and 1 had a @entity2674 mutation. @entity902 sensitivity was associated with @entity1349 (P = 0.0001). At a median follow-up of 9.3 months, objective response rate, median time to progression, and @entity1349 were 47.3%, 5.8 months, and 12.9 months, respectively, in short PFI compared with the 76.5%, 11.5 months, and 47.7 months in long PFI. @entity876 status did not correlate to these parameters. The median time to progression was 11.5 months for high-risk @entity1 versus 6.5 months for @entity1 with @entity5 (P = 0.0188), and the median @entity1349 from the start of treatment was 48.7 and 16.2 months (P = 0.0032), respectively. @entity137 was mostly grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS: High response rates in the long-PFI @entity1 indicate that this treatment is beneficial and well tolerated. @entity902 sensitivity and positive family history and/or a @entity5345 / @entity2674 mutation are a useful predictor of response.

title: Family history of @entity5 rather than @entity876 status predicts efficacy of pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity901 in relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity320 is increasing worldwide. Advances in targeted agents and immunotherapy have improved outcomes in @entity3 , but biomarkers are required to optimize treatment. We determined the prevalence of circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) and explored their utility as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. A total of 101 @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 were recruited prospectively. CTC number was determined using the CellSearch platform and @entity320 kits in samples taken at baseline and serially during treatment. CTC numbers ranged between 0 and 36 per 7.5 ml blood; 26% of @entity1 had >=  2 CTCs. Baseline CTC number was prognostic for median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in univariate analysis (2.6 vs. 7.2 months (P<0.011) for @entity1 with >=  2 CTCs vs. <2 CTCs, respectively). In multivariate analysis, CTC number was an independent prognostic biomarker of @entity1349 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.403, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.303-4.430, P=0.005). @entity1 receiving treatment in whom CTC number remained >=  2 CTCs during treatment had shorter median @entity1349 than those who maintained <2 CTCs (7 vs. 10 months, HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.81, log-rank test P=0.015). In conclusion, CTC number in metastatic @entity320 @entity1 is prognostic for @entity1349 with a cutoff of 2 CTCs per 7.5 ml blood. CTC number measured before and throughout treatment provided additional prognostic information. Larger studies are warranted to confirm CTC biomarker utility in @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Biomarker utility of circulating XXXX cells in metastatic @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 (mean age, 44 years) with moderately severe essential @entity101 were studied invasively at rest and during exercise. After initial predrug recordings, @entity1 received 25 mg @entity1405 orally, and central hemodynamics at rest and during exercise were recorded 1 and 2 h after tablet intake to evaluate the immediate effects of @entity1405 . Blood pressure decreased by 11% within 1 h, and the hemodynamic results indicated a combination beta-blocking and vasodilating effect. After 6-9 months of treatment (dose, 25-100 mg), supine hemodynamics were recorded, first 12-24 h after the last dose and then 1 and 2 h after an additional 25-mg dose. During chronic treatment (2 h after the last dose with the @entity1 at rest and in the supine position), mean arterial pressure was reduced by 17% (p less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistance index was reduced by 6% (NS), whereas heart rate and cardiac index were reduced by 12%. Exercise hemodynamics demonstrated a decrease in blood pressure of 17% (p less than 0.001). Exercise @entity64 index increased by 5% (NS), in part compensating for the reduction in heart rate of 17%. Total peripheral resistance index was reduced by 5% (NS). Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring (Accutracker II) demonstrated significant blood pressure reductions in awake as well as in asleep @entity1 . Blood pressures decreased from 163/102 to 141/84 mm Hg in from 135/78 to 122/68 mm Hg in awake and asleep @entity1 ; respectively. @entity1405 is an effective antihypertensive agent, and the hemodynamic mode of action reflects alpha 1- and beta 1-blocking activities.

title: @entity1405 in XXXX : effects on hemodynamics and 24-hour blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hypothesized increased @entity715 entrapment during bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in @entity583 , the so-called "snowshoe effect" has never been demonstrated. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the BVS STEMI FIRST study matched with STEMI @entity1 implanted with @entity2239 -eluting metal stents (EES) and undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the index procedure were compared. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis and optical coherence tomography data for evaluation of @entity715 were reported. Percentage maximal footprint (%MFP) analysis as an indicator of the snowshoe effect was performed. RESULTS: A total of 302 @entity1 were analyzed (151 with BVS and 151 with EES). Of those @entity1 30 implanted with BVS and 17 implanted with EES were imaged at the index procedure with OCT. Baseline clinical characteristics, TIMI-flow and @entity715 burden were similar between groups. Aspiration thrombectomy was similarly performed in the two groups (BVS 83.3% vs 94.1% EES, p=0.405). At the end of the procedure, final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 93.3% and 82.4% of BVS and EES @entity1 respectively (p=0.296). The %MFP was significantly higher in the BVS treated @entity1 (36.59  5.65% vs 17.61  4.30, p<0.001). The results of the OCT analysis showed a mean prolapse area (0.61  0.26mm(2) vs 0.90  0.31mm(2), p=0.001) and a percentage prolapse area (7.11  2.98mm(2) vs 9.98  2.90mm(2), p=0.002) significantly higher in the EES group. CONCLUSIONS: Scaffold structural characteristics such as strut width may play a role in terms of @entity715 dislodgment patterns and acute prolapsing material.

title: Differential XXXX burden in either bioresorbable vascular scaffolds or metallic stents implanted during @entity583 : The snowshoe effect: Insights from the maximal footprint analysis.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic prolapse', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic prolapse']


abstract: A 42-year-old Italian @entity1 affected with a @entity66 is presented. The main features were: @entity305 , @entity7555 (liver, spleen and lymph nodes enlargement), @entity2744 (loss of libido, low plasmatic levels of @entity251 ), monoclonal protein (k-light chains only in 100-fold-concentrated urine sample, without other signs of plasmocytic proliferation), skin changes. Clinical skin alterations were striking: diffuse thickening, @entity2117 , @entity1119 , @entity12737 , while histo- and immunopathological examination of skin biopsies showed proliferation of dermal collagen fibers and deposition of melanin in the epidermis. These findings were suggestive for the diagnosis of @entity7555 , associated with peculiar @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ). The @entity1 was followed up for 15 months with @entity230 , systemic chemotherapy, plasma-exchange and immunomodulating drugs. A massive @entity4 complicated the picture leading him to @entity204 . Actually the pathomechanisms of this rare disease have not been fully elucidated. The relations between this syndrome and some @entity1071 (i.e. @entity1582 ) are controversial; at least a part of its features could be either reactive or tissue-specific-antibody mediated. A genetic influence should be suggested from the Japanese reports.

title: [ XXXX ( @entity7555 ). The first Italian presentation of a case and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease", 'angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerotic myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['Crow-Fukase (POEMS) syndrome', 'organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity7555 :: (MESH:D016878,Disease) :: ['Crow-Fukase syndrome']


abstract: The adaptive immune system is involved in @entity5 establishment and @entity146 . Tumors of the ovaries, an immune-privileged organ, spread via transceolomic routes and rarely to distant organs. This is contrary to @entity5 of non-immune privileged organs, which often disseminate hematogenously to distant organs. Epigenetics-based immune cell quantification allows direct comparison of the immune status in benign and malignant tissues and in blood. Here, we introduce the "cellular ratio of immune tolerance" (immunoCRIT) as defined by the ratio of regulatory T cells to total T lymphocytes. The immunoCRIT was analyzed on 273 benign tissue samples of @entity43 as well as in 808 samples from primary colorectal, bronchial, mammary and @entity43 . ImmunoCRIT is strongly increased in all cancerous tissues and gradually augmented strictly dependent on @entity146 . In peripheral blood of @entity43 @entity1 , immunoCRIT incrementally increases from primary diagnosis to disease recurrence, at which distant @entity3 frequently occur. We postulate that non-pathological immunoCRIT values observed in peripheral blood of immune privileged @entity43 @entity1 are sufficient to prevent hematogenous spread at primary diagnosis. Contrarily, non-immune privileged @entity5 establish high immunoCRIT in an immunological environment equivalent to the bloodstream and thus spread hematogenously to distant organs. In summary, our data suggest that the immunoCRIT is a powerful marker for @entity146 .

title: The cellular ratio of immune tolerance (immunoCRIT) is a definite marker for @entity146 of @entity5 and may explain XXXX dissemination patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'colorectal, bronchial, renal and ovarian origin', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness and disease dissemination', 'aggressiveness', 'tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated @entity1 with @entity5 suffering from recurrence, which develops in the intervening area between the primary site and the neck. Lesions in the area around the cornu of the hyoid bone ('para-hyoid' area) often involve the hypoglossal nerve and the root of the lingual artery, resulting in treatment failure and @entity204 . METHODS: A 10-year retrospective chart review was conducted of 248 @entity5 @entity1 with small @entity5 (T1/2). No @entity1 who underwent postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) were included. RESULTS: After excluding those who had local failure or developed new primary lesions, 6.3% of the @entity1 were noted to have a para-hyoid lesion. A similar incidence was observed between the @entity1 with and without previous neck dissection, 6.9% and 5.7%, respectively. All but one @entity1 died due to uncontrolled @entity135 . CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent @entity75 could occur, irrespective of a previous neck dissection. In other words, the para-hyoid area is beyond the limits of a neck dissection. Once a para-hyoid lesion becomes clinically evident, it seems difficult to salvage. Therefore, a careful inspection of the area should be included intraoperatively in any type of neck dissection (i.e. elective or therapeutic) for @entity1 with @entity5 . This may be the key to improving the regional control rate of @entity1 with @entity5 . We believe that some @entity1 will benefit from more aggressive treatment of the neck, although PORT seems unnecessary for the majority of the @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Metastatic neck disease beyond the limits of a neck dissection: attention to the 'para-hyoid' area in T1/2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['limited neck disease', 'neck disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['para-hyoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral tongue cancer', 'primary tumors', 'small oral tongue cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral tongue cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1138 after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is used to reduce the development of haze and regression in higher intended corrections. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, stability, and efficacy of EpiLASIK with @entity1138 . METHODS: Fifty eyes of 29 @entity1 underwent EpiLASIK with the Gebauer EpiLift microkeratome. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -6.89 D (SD +/-0.63, range -6.0 to -8.0 D). After the laser ablation, @entity1138 0.02% was applied for 30 seconds on a sterile filter paper. Preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, a full ophthalmic examination was performed. RESULTS: In 42 of 50 eyes, the bandage contact lens was removed at day 3. Twelve months after surgery, 96% of all eyes were within +/-1.0 D and 82% were within +/-0.5 D of intended correction. Five percent of all @entity1 lost 1 line of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, 42% were stable, and 56% gained 1 or more lines. In most @entity1 , the @entity267 was clear during the whole follow-up, and in 10% only trace haze was visible. The uncorrected visual acuity was at least 1.0 in 86% of all @entity1 , and all @entity1 reached 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: EpiLASIK with @entity1138 with higher intended corrections seems to be an effective and safe procedure. With the application of @entity1138 , only minimal haze appears.

title: EpiLASIK with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C', 'mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Congenital @entity18368 is a @entity395 . The prevalence rates are unknown. The prevalence of @entity1 with severe to profound @entity393 that are congenital (or acquired before the development of speech and language) is 0.5 to 3 per 1,000 live births. Evidently, congenital @entity18368 must have a lower prevalence. The purpose of this research was to present a @entity74 , @entity74 . A pedigree is presented in which both male and female members display symptoms of congenital @entity18368 . Two affected @entity1 and a normal-hearing member of the family have @entity394 without dysequilibrium. The inheritance pattern of this new syndrome is not clear. We hypothesize that the disorder might be new. A family like this has never before been presented in the medical literature.

title: XXXX : a @entity74 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['new disorder', 'hereditary congenital unilateral deafness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing losses']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity18368 :: ('MESH:C567079', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral deafness']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular abnormalities']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Hereditary congenital unilateral deafness']


abstract: Since ancient times preparations from Salix species have been used to alleviate @entity158 . The aim of this study was to update the evidence of the effectiveness of willow bark products in the treatment of @entity4512 . OVID(MEDLINE), PUBMED, Silverplatter, and CENTRAL and manual searches were used to identify clinical trials investigating Salix preparations. Authors SC and JEV extracted the data independently and discussed disagreements. Seven manuscripts were identified, reporting four trials with confirmatory and four with exploratory study designs. Three manuscripts presented the same trial data: repetitious reports were excluded. One confirmatory and two exploratory studies indicate a dose-dependent analgesic effect not inferior to @entity13586 in @entity1 with @entity1643 . In one exploratory and one confirmatory study conflicting results were achieved in @entity1 with @entity571 . No significant effect was seen in a confirmatory study in @entity1 with @entity309 , but this study was grossly underpowered. All studies investigated ethanolic extracts with daily doses up to 240 mg @entity28294 over periods of up to six weeks. Minor adverse events occurred during treatment. The review provides moderate evidence of effectiveness for the use of ethanolic willow bark extract in @entity1643 . Further studies are required to find out if treatment of @entity571 and @entity309 requires extract with higher doses than 240 mg salicin per day.

title: A systematic review on the effectiveness of willow bark for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Attributional biases to externalize blame for negative events (externalizing bias) and to target other @entity1 for blame (personalizing bias) may constitute a vulnerability to @entity716 . However, most research to date has only examined attributional biases in chronic @entity1 . We examined attributional style, @entity10963 , and @entity308 in early @entity716 @entity1 to assess the primacy of attributional biases in @entity716 . DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design was adopted to compare the attributional style of @entity1 and controls. Correlates of attributional style were also examined. METHODS: Early @entity716 @entity1 and age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed the 'Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire'. Paranoid @entity7577 , suspiciousness, and @entity308 were also assessed in both groups, while severity of current symptoms was assessed in @entity1 . RESULTS: A high proportion of @entity1 had @entity8143 . These @entity1 , however, did not differ from controls in externalizing or personalizing bias. Whereas suspiciousness and @entity8143 in @entity1 associated with externalizing bias, no bias measures associated with paranoid @entity7577 in either @entity1 or controls. Counter to the pattern seen for @entity308 , @entity308 in @entity1 was associated with an increased tendency to attribute events to self and a decreased tendency to attribute events to circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings raise doubts about the primacy of attributional biases in @entity716 . The novel findings with regard to @entity308 warrant further investigation and suggest that young @entity1 , who develop @entity308 after the onset of @entity716 , may experience a need to re-establish a sense of personal control over life events that appear unpredictable.

title: Attributional biases, @entity10963 , and @entity308 in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['tendencies']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['persecutory delusions']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the interactions between self-efficacy - including subcomponents - and symptoms ( @entity158 , @entity308 and @entity148 ), catastrophising, disability, quality of life and health in a population of @entity1 with @entity1118 . METHOD: The study used 433 @entity1 with @entity1118 including 47 @entity1 with @entity1566 , 150 @entity1 with chronic @entity74 and 236 @entity1 with @entity239 . The @entity1 answered a postal questionnaire that provided background data, @entity158 intensity and duration and psychological- and health-related variables. RESULTS: In the multivariate context, @entity308 , @entity148 , catastrophising and disability were intercorrelated. Self-efficacy correlated positively with variables of quality of life and general health. These two groups of variables were negatively correlated. The @entity158 variables - duration of @entity158 , @entity158 intensity and spreading of @entity158 - formed a third group of variables. Self-efficacy function was negatively correlated to these three @entity158 variables. When regressing disability, quality of life and health, we found that self-efficacy had a positive impact whereas symptoms, catastrophising and @entity158 had a negative influence on these aspects. Different patterns of influencing variables were discerned for the three different analyses, and specific patterns of the subscales of self-efficacy corresponded to specific patterns of negative factors for the outcome of disability, quality of life and health. CONCLUSION: There is a complex interaction of psychological factors and symptoms and their positive and negative influence on disability, quality of life and health. The results indicate that it might be important to assess and influence both enhancing and detoriating factors to ensure an effective @entity158 management programme.

title: Impact of the interaction between self-efficacy, symptoms and catastrophising on disability, quality of life and health in with XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury-related pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Single-pass, whole-body computed tomography (pan-CT) was proposed in the late 1990s as a new concept for the diagnostic work-up of severely injured @entity1 . Since its introduction, it has led to considerable debate among clinicians and scientists, triggered by concerns about its immediate safety, questionable therapeutic advantages and exposure to radiation. However, it was recently shown that pan-CT scanning may be associated with a reduction in @entity130 mortality. In this article, we provide an overview of current knowledge of the value of this compelling concept. The diagnostic accuracy of multidetector row CT (MDCT) for clearing various anatomical regions in @entity130 @entity1 is, at best, unclear. Little is known about the accuracy of pan-CT as a whole, which weakens statements about its effectiveness and prevents inferences about survival advantages. This last point may be explained by a stage-migration or "Will Rogers" phenomenon: Pan-CT increases injury severity by detecting lesions that would not have been recognized by conventional methods but still do not affect treatment decisions, thus artificially lowering the ratio of observed to expected @entity204 . In order to maintain the credibility of pan-CT technology for @entity130 , a rigorous, large-scale evaluation of its accuracy is required. Such an evaluation requires consensus about the definition of true and false positive and negative findings in the setting of blunt @entity1230 . In addition, triage criteria need to be refined to increase specificity and reduce the number of unnecessary scans.

title: Primary pan-computed tomography for blunt XXXX : can the whole be better than its parts?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Imperforate anus without @entity292 is an uncommon @entity2463 , in association to @entity1467 in 50% of cases. This @entity154 is described as a lack of annus, with a blind rectal pouch, located about 2 cm above perineal skin, and sharing a common wall with the urethra or vagina. The aim of this work is to present our experience in this condition and to determine the differences between the diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcome of these @entity1 in relation to other forms of @entity2463 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 12 @entity1 treated in our department from 1998 to 2008. Eight were @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . Eleven of these @entity1 had significant associated @entity66 : @entity1467 (6), @entity854 (6), @entity5450 (5), @entity1152 (1). In all cases neonatal colostomy was performed, being 7 months (range between 1 and 19 months) the average age of the definitive surgery through posterior sagital approach. In one case a laparotomy was performed. The distance from the rectal pouch to the skin ranged from 1 to 5 cm, founding a very dilatated rectum in 4 @entity1 . RESULTS: The postoperative outcome was favorable. Four @entity1 required removal of a small anal prolapse. All @entity1 older than 2 years (7) have urinary continence, while 5 of them have a significant @entity1142 , resistant to treatment with diet and laxatives, requiring medical management with enemas. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the high incidence of @entity1467 in @entity1 with imperforate anus without @entity292 , and shows a higher incidence of other @entity154 . A colostrogram prior to definitive repair seems to be mandatory taking into account the intraopetative findings (height and diameter of rectal pouch). The incidence of anal prolapse is very high and may be related to the @entity2421 present in @entity1 with @entity1467 . Since the @entity1142 is very severe in these @entity1 , it should be controlled early in the follow up.

title: [Characteristics of the XXXX without @entity292 . Based on 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'congenital comobidities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract malformations']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal atresia']


abstract: The Wide-Awake Approach to @entity2074 involves fasciectomy under local anesthetic with @entity1425 and no tourniquet. The goal of this study is to show that the Wide-Awake Approach produces equivalent outcomes to fasciectomy under general anesthetic with a tourniquet, with fewer risks to the @entity1 . A multicenter retrospective review was conducted on 111 @entity1 with fasciectomies under local or general anesthetic between 2001 and 2007. Data on @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, cost, as well as range of motion was collected and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SAS. Of 148 fingers, 102 were treated under local and 46 under general anesthetic. The average postoperative Total Active Motion (TAM) for general anesthetic @entity1 was 199.0        29.6 (D5), 223.9        29.3 (D4), 234.6        14.6 (D3), and 246.7        14.4 (D2). The average postoperative TAM for local anesthetic @entity1 was 168.3        62.2 (D5), 195.9        67.5 (D4), 173.0        72.6 (D3), and 177.5        31.8 (D2). There were no significant differences between any of these individual groups (p   =   0.09, 0.26, 0.12, and 0.20, respectively); however, when pooled, the overall TAM was significantly greater in the general anesthesia group (222.0        29.7 vs. 186.0        63.0, p   =   0.002.). Complication rates and types were similar with both techniques. The Wide-Awake Approach to @entity2074 avoids general anesthetic risks and has cost benefits to healthcare providers. Although it yields similar range of motion outcomes to fasciectomy performed under general anesthesia, total active motion may be better with fasciectomy done under general anesthesia.

title: The Wide-Awake Approach to @entity2074 : Fasciectomy under Local Anesthetic with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's contracture"]

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['Epinephrine']


abstract: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a class of regulatory effectors that enforce gene silencing through formation of RNA duplexes. Although progress has been made in identifying the capabilities of siRNAs in silencing foreign RNA and transposable elements, siRNA functions in endogenous gene regulation have remained mysterious. In certain organisms, siRNA biosynthesis involves novel enzymes that act as RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs). Here we analyze the function of a @entity2199 RdRP, @entity31931 , during spermatogenesis. We found that loss of @entity31931 function resulted in pleiotropic defects in sperm development and that sperm defects led to @entity2085 . Notably, sperm nuclei in mutants of either @entity31931 or another component of the siRNA pathway, @entity31932 , were frequently surrounded by ectopic microtubule structures, with @entity854 in a subset of the resulting embryos. Through high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we identified a population of cellular mRNAs from spermatogenic cells that appear to serve as templates for antisense siRNA synthesis. This set of genes includes the majority of genes known to have enriched expression during spermatogenesis, as well as many genes not previously known to be expressed during spermatogenesis. In a subset of these genes, we found that @entity31931 was required for effective siRNA accumulation. These and other data suggest a working model in which a major role of the @entity31931 /ERI pathway is to generate siRNAs that set patterns of gene expression through feedback repression of a set of critical targets during spermatogenesis.

title: A XXXX RNA-directed RNA polymerase in sperm development and endogenous RNA interference.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['spindle abnormalities']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypercapnia characterizes a variety of physiological and pathological states and must be compensated effectively by the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and intra- and extracellular pH buffering systems to maintain homeostasis. Several studies have examined the respiratory response to @entity2944 , but contemporaneous changes in respiratory frequency and tidal volume prevent investigating the pure influence on respiratory amplitude. Therefore, we sought to test the effect of @entity2944 on @entity6256 ( @entity129 ) inspiratory (Insp) and XII pre-inspiratory (pre-I) activities in vagus-intact and vagus-denervated animals. Experiments were performed on six artificially-ventilated unanesthetized pre-collicular decerebrate Sprague-Dawley adult male @entity35 . Vagotomy under normocapnic conditions effected the consistent appearance of significant XII pre-I and a greater increase in XII than @entity129 Insp amplitude. In the vagus-intact state, administration of a hypercapnic (5% @entity3158 , 95% O2) gas mixture resulted in a greater increase in XII than @entity129 Insp activity. In the vagotomized state, @entity2944 caused a drastic increase in XII pre-I and significant non-differential increases in both XII and @entity129 Insp activity. The increase in XII pre-I was significantly greater than @entity2944 -induced @entity6256 . Following vagotomy, duration and amplitude of XII pre-I are potently modulated by @entity3158 tension. Based on our results, we conclude that vagal afferents exert differential inhibition of @entity129 Insp and XII pre-I/Insp motor outputs. The role of vagal control in orchestration and optimization of respiratory response to @entity2944 is discussed.

title: Effects of vagotomy on hypoglossal and phrenic responses to @entity2944 in the decerebrate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal (XII) and phrenic nerve', 'increases in XII and PN Insp discharges']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conformational dynamics of wild-type @entity1 @entity1390 ( @entity1390 ), two mutants of residue Ala328, the catalytically active @entity33820 , and the catalytically inactive (silent) @entity33821 , and their interactions with @entity6326 were studied. The aim was to understand the molecular mechanisms by which point mutations may lead to silent @entity1390 variant or alter catalytic activity. Importance of @entity1390 natural variants is due to medical consequences, i.e. prolonged @entity386 , following administration of the myorelaxant @entity14743 , @entity2900 and @entity24478 . Comparison of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations for the three model systems showed that: 1) the active mutant @entity33820 mutant has some changes in configuration of catalytic residues, which do not prevent binding of @entity6326 to the active site; 2) in the naturally-occurring silent variant @entity33821 , the @entity2574 328 @entity3338 may either form a salt bridge with Lys339 or a @entity8108 -bond with His438. In the first case, the   -loop swings off the gorge, disrupting the   -cation binding site and the catalytic triad. In the second case, binding of cationic substrates in the catalytic center is also impaired. @entity74 simulations carried out in 0.15  M @entity4202 , close to physiological ionic strength conditions, favored the second situation. It was seen that @entity2574 328 forms a @entity8108 -bond with the catalytic triad His438, which in turn disrupts the catalytic machinery. Therefore, we concluded that the @entity33821 variant is not catalytically active because of that dramatic event. Computational results, consistent with in  vitro biochemical data and clinical observations, validate our @entity74 approach.

title: Understanding the non-catalytic behavior of XXXX @entity1390 silent variants: Comparison of wild-type enzyme, catalytically active @entity33820 mutant, and silent @entity33821 variant.

entities_list: @entity6326 :: ('MESH:C017100', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrylcholine']

entities_list: @entity33820 :: ('p|SUB|A|328|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala328Cys']

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['BChE', 'butyrylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity33821 :: ('p|SUB|A|328|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala328Asp']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This work was undertaken to examine the immunoregulation of T lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity8 . Fifty @entity1 and thirty-seven control subjects were studied in an @entity281 . T lymphocyte subpopulations were determined using OKT monoclonal antibodies against helper ( @entity19 ) and suppressor ( @entity19 ) T cell subsets. The proportions of T lymphocyte subpopulations did not differ between @entity1 and controls. @entity1 with significant @entity8 demonstrated a reduced OKT4/T8 ratio (p less than 0.001) due to an absolute reduction of T helper cells (p less than 0.02) and an increase of T suppressor cells (p less than 0.001). Longitudinal studies performed in 13 @entity1 revealed consistent findings during clinical quiescence. However, synpharyngitic macroscopic haematuria was associated with a rise in T4 positive cells and a simultaneous reduction of T8 positive cells; these changes reverted to pre- @entity281 values when the @entity281 subsided. Functional studies assessing T lymphocyte activities including in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells, @entity1014 uptake by cultured lymphocytes and T lymphocytes activation with expression of @entity1199 receptors were measured in unstimulated and mitogen stimulated cultures. No significant difference between @entity1 with @entity8 in clinical quiescence and the control subjects was demonstrated. Our results failed to support a shift in the immuno-regulatory T lymphocyte subpopulations during clinical quiescence but a more profound defect in immunoregulation may probably occur during clinical exacerbation.

title: Studies of lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection-free interval', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term hearing during "wait and scan" management of @entity5513 . SUBJECTS: During a 33-year period, from 1976 to 2008, 1,144 @entity1 with @entity5513 were allocated to observation by the wait and scan policy, with annual magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic examination. Two complete pure-tone and speech discrimination audiograms were available for 932 @entity1 . In 900 @entity1 (97%), the wait and scan period was at least 1 year. In 377 @entity1 (40%), the observation time was at least 5 years, and in 102 @entity1 (11%), at least 10 years. RESULTS: At diagnosis, 491 @entity1 (53%) presented with good hearing, that is, speech discrimination better than 70%. After a mean of 4.7 years of observation, 59% of these @entity1 spontaneously preserved good hearing. Of @entity1 with 100% speech discrimination at diagnosis, 69% maintained good hearing after more than 10 years of observation. Of @entity1 with only a small discrimination loss at diagnosis, 38% maintained good hearing. CONCLUSION: Most @entity5513 @entity1 with 100% speech discrimination at diagnosis maintain good hearing even after many years of observation.

title: Long-term hearing preservation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma', 'vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity1188 (ARI) is a common @entity455 caused by the abrupt interruption of renal blood flow. Since the presenting symptoms are often non-specific, a major concern in ARI has been prompt diagnosis, and its long-term outcome has never been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 through to December 2009, adult @entity1 with ARI were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical data, and followed them up until July 2011. Renal outcome and all-cause mortality were measured. RESULTS: A total of 67 @entity1 were finally enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 56.1      16.4 years, and 52.2% of them were male. Over 76% of @entity1 were identified to have more than one comorbidity and concurrent @entity1031 occurred in 16.4% of the @entity1 . Although, @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was present in 40.7% of the @entity1 , long-term renal outcome was relatively good. In all cases, @entity810 was resolved within a month, and @entity8 was found in only one @entity1 . In-hospital mortality was 8.9% and during the median follow-up period of 40.6  months, long-term mortality was 19.7%. Independent risk factors for mortality were age, @entity955 , @entity583 and @entity811 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.051, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008-1.096; HR 3.322, 95% CI 1.119-9.860; HR 9.315, 95% CI 1.555-55.796 and HR 7.745, 95% CI 1.606-37.353, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that in-hospital and long-term outcomes of @entity10916 were closely related to the comorbidities or underlying disease of ARI, rather than the disease itself.

title: The significance of clinical features in the prognosis of XXXX : single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal loss']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarct']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal infarction']


abstract: @entity5254 due to a transsphenoidal approach usually follows accidental or intentional arachnoid opening. We report a @entity1 with an intrasellar @entity145 , who developed delayed onset of @entity5254 . A sixty-two-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity227 for the last 3 years. With the diagnosis of @entity145 or @entity976 's @entity2419 , based on MRI findings of intra-and supra-sellar cyst with CSF intensity, he successfully underwent transsphenoidal surgery without evidence of intra-operative CSF leakage. He developed @entity5254 one week later. This needed another operation for sellar floor repair. The pathomechanism of this delayed onset is explained as follows. Incomplete or oneway communication of subarachnoid space to cyst cavity, unrecognized during surgery, might cause delayed onset of @entity5254 . By using MRI, identification of the residual gland, which was compressed posteriorly, is useful for differentiating an @entity145 from other @entity5409 . In highly suspect cases, even without evidence of intra-operative CSF leakage, peri-operative measures to prevent occurrence of @entity86 are required.

title: Delayed XXXX of intrasellar @entity145 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal type visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft cyst']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative CSF rhinorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The negative impact of overweight (including @entity28 ) and related treatment on @entity1 's and adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been shown in few specific samples thus far. We examined HRQoL and emotional well-being in overweight @entity1 from an outpatient treatment sample as well as changes of these parameters during treatment. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, self-reported HRQoL of 125 overweight (including obese) @entity1 who contacted a treatment facility, but had not yet receive treatment, were compared to 172 @entity1 from randomly selected schools using independent two-sample t-tests. Additionally, in a longitudinal design, the overweight @entity1 were retested by administering the same questionnaire at the end of the intervention (after one year). It included measures such as the body mass index (BMI), the general health item (GHI), the KINDLR, and the @entity1 Dynamic Health Assessment Scale (ChildDynHA). Comparisons were based on dependent t-tests and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Overweight @entity1 showed statistically significant @entity73 (Cohen's d = 0.59) and emotional well-being (ChildDynha) (d = 0.33) compared to the school @entity1 . With respect to HRQoL, the friends dimension of the KINDLR was significantly impaired in the overweight group (d = 0.33). However, no impairment was found for the total HRQoL score or other KINDLR subdimensions. Regarding the longitudinal part of our study, most of the @entity1 improved their BMI, but the majority (87.5%) remained overweight. Nevertheless, the @entity1 ' perceived health, emotional well-being, and generic as well as disease-specific HRQoL improved during intervention. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the importance of @entity1 -reported outcomes such as HRQoL. Even though overweight and @entity28 might accompany most of the @entity1 throughout their lifetime, the impairment associated with this chronic condition can be considerably reduced. Opportunities of health promotion in overweight/obese @entity1 and adolescents are discussed.

title: The impact of overweight and XXXX on health-related quality of life in childhood--results from an intervention study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in the GHI']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with YMDD mutation in @entity1 with @entity6194 before and after @entity16332 treatment in Zunyi region. METHODS: 53 @entity1 with @entity6194 were enrolled in this study, @entity97 DNA, @entity97 markers, ALT, AST, TBil, albumin in the serum were examined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after @entity16332 treatment. @entity97 genotype and YMDD mutation were determined by sequencing before @entity16332 treatment. YMDD mutation was checked again if serum HBV DNA rebound to more than 1 x 10(4) copies/ml after the initial decrease. RESULTS: @entity97 genotype in Zunyi region is constitute of B, C and B+C genotype. YMDD mutation occurred in 18 cases after @entity16332 treatment, the rate of YMDD mutation was 15.1%, and 34.0% after 1 year and 2 years treatment. There are four types of mutation: rt @entity29900 / @entity29901 , rt @entity29900 / @entity32987 , rt @entity32987 , rt @entity29900 . rt @entity29901 mutation in C gene was always accompanied by rt @entity29900 mutation (100%). The rate of rt @entity29900 / @entity29901 mutation in genotype C group was significantly higher than that in genotype B group (77.8% to 25.0%), the same was true for the rt @entity29900 / @entity32987 mutation (22.2% to 12.5%). There was no point mutation in genotype C group. The point mutation of rt @entity32987 and rt @entity29900 appeared only in genotype B group. Gender, nation, family history of @entity1956 and HBeAg were not associated with YMDD mutation (P more than 0.05), while the mutation rate was associated with the disease course and severity of disease. YMDD mutation did not occur in @entity1 with low @entity97 DNA level (less than 10(5) copies/ml). CONCLUSION: YMDD mutation after @entity16332 therapy is associated with @entity97 genotype and P gene mutation type, and prolonged treatment increases the the mutation rate. In order to reduce the incidence of YMDD mutation, @entity1 with @entity66 , lower @entity97 DNA level, more serious @entity409 should be treated with @entity16332 .

title: [Identification of factors associated with YMDD mutation in @entity1 with XXXX receiving @entity16332 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease course']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: @entity977 is a rare @entity5 characterized by poor responsiveness to therapy, leading to @entity204 . Reported responses to standard chemotherapy have only been anecdotal, with no single agent or combination demonstrating consistent efficacy in the treatment of @entity1 with this disease. The authors report rare examples of a persistent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in two @entity1 with @entity977 . One @entity1 was a 38-year-old @entity1 with @entity227 caused by a luteinizing hormone-secreting @entity977 that had recurred despite multiple surgeries and radiation therapy. Intradural metastases to the spine that had failed to respond to radiation therapy were pathologically confirmed. The second @entity1 was a 26-year-old @entity1 with @entity4089 from a prolactin-secreting @entity977 . Spine magnetic resonance images obtained to search for causes of @entity4048 showed a @entity5 , which was later confirmed through pathological analysis to be a metastatic @entity977 . His disease progressed despite radiation therapy, high-dose @entity2847 , and chemotherapy. Both @entity1 were treated monthly with @entity2903 , which was administered orally on the first 5 days of a 28-day cycle. The @entity1 in the first case underwent all 12 treatment cycles without serious side effects, and his @entity227 improved. The @entity1 in the second case had undergone only 10 cycles when the drug was stopped because of his severe @entity1295 . Nonetheless, his @entity158 disappeared and his serum prolactin concentration decreased. Both @entity1 continue to have partial responses and have been employed full-time for more than 1 year after discontinuing @entity2903 therapy. These two examples demonstrate that @entity2903 may be effective in treating @entity977 and thus should be considered in the treatment algorithm for these difficult cases.

title: Long-term response of XXXX to @entity2903 . Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vertebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary carcinoma', 'Pituitary carcinoma', 'pituitary tumor', 'pituitary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary carcinoma']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 presented with painful nodules on the left side of the neck of 1 month duration. Upon questioning, the @entity1 gave history of reverse smoking since 50 years. On examination, the @entity1 had a superficial ulcer over the hard palate. A provisional diagnosis of zosteriform cutaneous @entity3 was made. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule performed showed metastatic @entity957 deposits. Later, biopsy was performed from the neck lesion and oral lesion, and it confirmed the diagnosis. Histopathology of the oral biopsy was suggestive of @entity957 . @entity135 was suggestive of @entity957 secondaries. Majority of these cases can be misdiagnosed as herpes zoster and were treated with antiviral drugs. Distant @entity3 from oral @entity957 are unusual, but generally occur in lungs, bone, and liver. @entity3 is extremely rare, and it often reflects an advanced stage with sinister prognosis. Therefore, metastatic diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1910 in the elderly.

title: A rare case of zosteriform cutaneous XXXX from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Biopsy of neck lesion']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['zosteriform rash']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Cutaneous metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 foot ulcers, although associated with @entity66 and @entity16 , have a @entity66 causing @entity63 not amenable to surgical intervention. @entity3542 selectively releases @entity842 in ischemic tissues, and @entity6 subjects have low @entity3542 levels that do not increase with exercise. This study explores the safety and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of @entity11495 in subjects with @entity4760 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a blinded, randomized crossover study design, 12 subjects with @entity6 and active or healed foot ulcers received a single dose of @entity11495 on two occasions 7-28 days apart, once with an immediate release (IR) formulation and once with an enteric-coated (EC) formulation for delayed release. Serum @entity3542 , @entity1507 , @entity3961 , sulfhemoglobin, blood pressure, pulse rate, complete blood count, chemistry panel, electrocardiogram, and adverse events were followed for up to 6   h after each dose. The IR and EC @entity3542 levels were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and by pharmacokinetic modeling. RESULTS: The IR formulation elevated @entity3542 levels between 0.25 and 0.75   h (P<0.05). The EC formulation did not elevate @entity3542 levels significantly, but both formulations gave plasma @entity3542 levels previously suggested to be therapeutic (approximately 2-5    M). The IR formulation gave an asymptomatic blood pressure drop of 10/6   mm Hg (P<0.003), and two subjects experienced mild @entity1671 . There was no elevation of @entity3961 or other safety concerns. Pharmacokinetic modeling of plama @entity3542 levels gave r(2) values of 0.81 and 0.97 for the fits for IR and EC formulations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity11495 administration is well tolerated in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Single-dose pharmacokinetics of different oral XXXX formulations in @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease', 'microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity11495 :: (MESH:D012977,Chemical) :: ['sodium nitrite']


abstract: @entity1 with U1-nRNP antibodies (n = 35, 31 female, four male) were typed for @entity17374 antigens and IgG heavy chain allotypes G1m(1), -(2), -(3), G3m(5), and -(21). The @entity1 group was clinically heterogeneous. Four met the American @entity627 Association criteria for @entity1252 , six for @entity7087 , and 14 for @entity309 . @entity10632 was present in seven cases. Twenty three had overlapping features compatible with @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ). Healthy blood donors served as controls for HLA typing (n = 64), Gm typing (n = 228), or both (n = 56). Sixty six per cent of the @entity1 with U1-nRNP antibodies were @entity4107 positive compared with 28% of the controls (relative risk = 4.9, p = 0.00053). The Gm(1,3;5,21) phenotype was found in 46% of the @entity1 and 25% of the controls (relative risk = 2.47, p = 0.0247). Within the @entity1 group Gm(1,3;5,21) was found only in @entity4107 positive individuals. The coincidence of HLA- @entity4107 and Gm(1,3;5,21) increases the relative risk values to 8.0 (compared with the group with neither risk factor). @entity4107 and Gm(1,3;5,21) primarily seem to be related to U1-nRNP antibody formation and not to disease expression. @entity1 with or without @entity2406 did not differ with respect to @entity4107 or Gm(1,3;5,21) frequency. Disease onset was earlier in @entity1 with HLA- @entity4107 /Gm(1,3;5,21) than in @entity1 without both markers (mean 27.9 v 40.1 years; p less than 0.05).

title: HLA- XXXX and Gm(1,3;5,21) are associated with U1-nRNP antibody positive connective tissue disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['Sicca syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease', 'MCTD']

answer: @entity4107 :: (3126,Gene) :: ['DR4']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein is transcytosed across the blood-brain barrier mediated by @entity754 ( @entity754 ). @entity754 in the brain is mainly expressed on capillary endothelial cells and is therefore considered to be an important susceptibility gene in modifying the @entity64 presentation. A HapMap-based haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphism association study was conducted in an isolated Taiwanese population. Two hundred and ninety-two unrelated @entity1 with @entity385 , 76 @entity1 with small vessel occlusion (SVO) disorder and 216 with @entity432 were enrolled. For @entity27214 , under the dominant model, the odds ratios (ORs) associated with the CC genotype were computed, with GG + CG carriers considered as the reference group. Homozygote CC carriers had a two-fold increased risk of @entity432 [OR=2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08-3.70, p=0.025). For @entity27215 , under the dominant model, the ORs associated with the CC genotype were computed, with AA + AC carriers considered as the reference group. Homozygote CC carriers had a 1.85-fold increased risk of @entity432 (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.01-3.33, p=0.04). When analysing the association between the haplotype related to @entity27214 and @entity27215 and @entity432 , the most common haplotype allele CC was used as the reference, and the GA haplotype allele was associated with a 48% decreased risk of @entity432 (OR=0.52; 95% CI=0.29-0.93, p=0.029). Haplotype-based analysis of @entity754 in Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity385 provided preliminary evidence suggesting that genetic polymorphisms of @entity754 can modify the @entity64 presentation.

title: Genetic polymorphisms of XXXX can modify @entity64 presentation.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SVO disorder', 'non-SVO disorder']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surfactant protein C ( @entity12481 ) is important for the function of pulmonary surfactant. Heterozygous mutations in @entity12481 , the gene encoding @entity12481 , cause sporadic and familial @entity401 ( @entity401 ) in @entity1 and adults. Mutations mapping to the BRICHOS domain located within the @entity12481 proprotein result in perinuclear aggregation of the proprotein. In this study, we investigated the effects of the mutation @entity35027 in the BRICHOS domain of @entity12481 on cellular homeostasis. We also evaluated the ability of drugs currently used in @entity401 therapy to counteract these effects. METHODS: SP-CA116D was expressed in @entity19 alveolar epithelial cells. We assessed in vitro the consequences for cellular homeostasis, immune response and effects of @entity500 , @entity6383 , @entity1667 and @entity786 . RESULTS: Stable expression of SP-CA116D in @entity19 alveolar epithelial cells resulted in increased intracellular accumulation of proSP-C processing intermediates. SP-CA116D expression further led to reduced cell viability and increased levels of the chaperones @entity23118 , @entity187 , @entity23078 and @entity25161 . Lipid analysis revealed decreased intracellular levels of @entity2434 (PC) and increased lyso-PC levels. Treatment with @entity1667 or @entity6383 partially restored these lipid alterations. Furthermore, SP-CA116D cells secreted soluble factors into the medium that modulated surface expression of @entity13766 or @entity35028 receptors on @entity1961 + lymphocytes and neutrophils, suggesting a direct paracrine effect of SP-CA116D on neighboring cells in the alveolar space. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the @entity35027 mutation leads to impaired processing of proSP-C in alveolar epithelial cells, alters cell viability and lipid composition, and also activates cells of the immune system. In addition, we show that some of the effects of the mutation on cellular homeostasis can be antagonized by application of pharmaceuticals commonly applied in @entity401 therapy. Our findings shed new light on the pathomechanisms underlying @entity12481 deficiency associated @entity401 and provide insight into the mechanisms by which drugs currently used in @entity401 therapy act.

title: The surfactant protein C mutation XXXX alters cellular processing, stress tolerance, surfactant lipid composition, and immune cell activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity35027 :: (p|SUB|A|116|D,ProteinMutation) :: ['A116D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 who are receiving @entity1229 therapy and require @entity231 surgery, it may be possible to continue @entity1229 in the perioperative period but the safety of this management strategy has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the safety ( @entity548 events) of continuing @entity1229 before and after @entity231 surgery. We included studies that enrolled @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery who were anticoagulated with @entity1229 alone and that reported @entity548 events as an outcome. Study quality was assessed using a validated form. Odds ratios and @entity548 rates were pooled to give summary estimates of @entity548 risk. RESULTS: We identified 11 studies (5 cohort and 6 case series) assessing @entity548 risk associated with @entity1229 continuation during @entity231 surgery. @entity1 who continued @entity1229 had an increased risk for @entity548 (odds ratio; 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-6.16). The overall incidence of @entity548 (95% CI) was 10% (5-19). Almost all @entity548 events were self-limiting and not significant, consisting of dot hyphemae or subconjunctival @entity548 . No @entity1 had compromised visual acuity related to a @entity548 event. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who are receiving @entity1229 therapy and undergo @entity231 surgery without @entity1229 interruption have an increased risk for @entity548 but such bleeds are not clinically significant. The low quality of studies assessed, however, precludes definitive conclusions as to the risk for @entity548 in @entity1 who continue @entity1229 around the time of @entity231 surgery.

title: Safety of continuing @entity1229 therapy during XXXX surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1311 is a first-line chemotherapeutic with the major dose-limiting side effect of @entity21115 . Previous preclinical studiesindicatemitochondrial dysfunction andoxidative stressare associated with this disorder; however no direct assessment of ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in sensory neurons following @entity1311 has been undertaken. As expected, repeated low doses of systemic @entity1311 in @entity35 induced long-lasting @entity158 behaviour with a delayed onset, akin to the clinical scenario. To elucidate the role of ROSindevelopment and maintenance ofpaclitaxel-inducedpainful @entity16 , we have assessed ROS and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in the nociceptive system in vivo at three key behavioural time-points; prior to @entity158 onset (day 7), @entity158 severity and @entity158 resolution. In isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, ROS levels were unchanged following @entity1311 -exposure in vitro or in vivo. ROS levels were further assessed in DRG and spinal cord in vivo following intrathecal MitoTracker  RedCM-H2XRos administration in @entity1311 -/vehicle-treated @entity35 . ROS levels were increased at day 7, specifically in non-peptidergic DRG neurons. In the spinal cord, neuronally-derived ROS was increased at day 7, yet ROS levels in microglia and astrocytes was unaltered. In DRG, @entity24544 and GPx activity were increased at day 7 and @entity158 time-points, respectively. In peripheral sensory nerves, @entity24544 activity was increased at day 7, and at @entity158 , @entity26486 , @entity24544 and GPx activity were increased. @entity12609 activity was unaltered in DRG and saphenous nerves. These data suggest that neuronally-derived mitochondrial ROS, accompanied with an inadequate endogenous antioxidant enzyme response, are contributory factors in @entity1311 -induced @entity21115 .

title: Oxidative stress in the development, maintenance and resolution of @entity1311 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peak pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful neuropathy']

answer: @entity21115 :: (MESH:C564945,Disease) :: ['painful neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy, and safety of newly customized natural oral mucoadhesive gels, containing either aloe vera or myrrh as active ingredients, in the management of minor recurrent @entity7809 (MiRAS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety subjects with MiRAS were recruited from Oral Medicine Clinic, at Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, for this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Two new natural gels, containing aloe vera and myrrh, were prepared in a concentration of (0.5% w/w), in addition to a plain mucoadhesive gel used as a placebo. @entity1 with fresh @entity1066 (<48-h duration) were instructed to apply either one of the three gels four times a day for a period of 5 days. Clinical efficacy was investigated in the form of changes in ulcer size, @entity158 intensity, erythema, and exudation at days 4 and 6 of study entry. @entity1 were interviewed for the emergence of any side effects. RESULTS: 76.6% of @entity1 using aloe gel showed complete @entity1066 , 86.7%, and 80% of them revealed subsidence of erythema and exudation, respectively, especially at day 6 visit, whereas 76.7% of myrrh-treated @entity1 revealed almost absence of @entity158 at day 6. No side effects were encountered with the use of any of the three gels. CONCLUSION: The new formulated aloe- and myrrh-based gels proved to be effective in topical management of MiRAS. Aloe was superior in decreasing ulcer size, erythema, and exudation; whereas myrrh resulted in more @entity158 reduction.

title: Clinical efficacy of new aloe vera- and myrrh-based oral mucoadhesive gels in the management of minor recurrent XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: Individualization of high-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) dosing is important to achieve therapeutic levels (700-1,000 microM) for @entity421 . Therefore we developed a pharmacokinetically (PK) individualized dosage regimen to maintain @entity1500 concentrations of 700 microM (1 h bolus followed by 5 h maintenance infusion) and evaluated its safety and efficacy. Loading and maintenance doses were calculated by the PK parameters based on 2-compartment model analysis. Thirty-two courses of chemotherapy were performed in 9 @entity1 with @entity421 . The maximum concentrations during maintenance infusion in 31 courses (97%) were above 700 microM. Only 1 @entity1 developed severe hepatotoxicity as adverse effect. Total body clearance of @entity1500 decreased in 4 @entity1 when weekly @entity1500 chemotherapy was performed for 3 consecutive weeks. Although the clearance was changed, the average @entity1500 concentrations were maintained at about 700 microM by the PK individualization. The 5-year survival rate was 77.8% (7 of 9 @entity1 ), and all of them have survived for more than 9 years. This PK individualization is safe and useful for tailoring high-dose @entity1500 therapy to achieve therapeutic levels.

title: Pharmacokinetic individualization of high-dose XXXX chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity2493 and its precursor, @entity9484 , have been shown to exert gastroprotective effects in animals, but their influence on the @entity1819 by @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) in @entity1 has been sparingly investigated. In this study, we designed to determine the effects of @entity2493 and @entity9484 on @entity1281 -induced @entity1819 , gastric microbleeding, mucosal generation of @entity1421 , and plasma @entity2493 , and @entity8243 levels. Three groups of healthy male volunteers (n = 30) with intact gastric mucosa received daily for 11 days either @entity1281 alone or that combined with @entity2493 or @entity2340 . Gastric @entity190 and @entity16 were evaluated at 3rd, 7th, and 11th days of @entity1281 administration by endoscopy using Lanza score. @entity1281 alone caused a marked rise of @entity1819 and gastric @entity190 , mainly at day 3rd and 7th, but they were significantly reduced at 11th day. Pretreatment with @entity2493 or @entity2340 remarkably reduced @entity1281 induced @entity1819 and microbleeding. Gastric mucosal generation of @entity1421 was suppressed by about 90% in all subjects treated with @entity1281 alone without or with addition of @entity2493 or @entity2340 . Plasma @entity2493 was markedly increased after treatment with @entity2493 or @entity2340 plus @entity1281 , but it was also raised significantly after application of @entity1281 alone. Plasma @entity8243 levels were raised in subjects given @entity2493 or @entity2340 plus @entity1281 , but not in those with @entity1281 alone. We conclude that @entity2493 and its precursor @entity2340 given orally significantly reduce @entity1819 induced by @entity1281 possibly due to (a) direct gastroprotective action of exogenous @entity2493 or that generated from @entity2340 and (b) @entity8243 released from the gastric mucosa by @entity2493 or @entity2340 .

title: Role of @entity2493 in mucosal gastroprotection against XXXX -induced @entity1819 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['l-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal damage', 'gastric damage', 'gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: AIM: To determine if @entity544 (CO   ), insufflated during colonoscopy reduces @entity158 experienced by @entity1 post colonoscopy compared to air. METHOD: A randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial with 205 consecutive consented @entity1 referred for elective colonoscopy was undertaken at MidCentral Health Gastroenterology Department. @entity1 were randomised to @entity694 with either air or CO   . A comparison of reported @entity158 was undertaken using a 0-10 point numeric rating scale at several time periods; intra procedure, 10, 30, and 60 minutes post procedure. In addition groups were compared on the proportion of @entity1 reporting 0 @entity158 levels at each of the same time periods. RESULTS: CO    insufflation was provided to 108 @entity1 and air to 97 @entity1 . No differences in mean @entity158 scores or the proportion of those who report zero @entity158 were found between the groups intra procedure. However, those who received CO    insufflation were found to have significantly lower mean @entity158 scores (p<0.001) and to have a significantly greater proportion of @entity1 reporting 0 @entity158 scores (p<0.001) at all three observation times post procedure than those who received air. CONCLUSION: Those receiving CO    during colonoscopy experienced less post colonoscopy @entity158 than those who received air insufflation. @entity544 should be considered as the insufflating gas during colonoscopy.

title: XXXX insufflation during colonoscopy: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic insufflation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety and appropriate mode of administration of intrapleural talc for pleurodesis, in the treatment of @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ). METHODS: Prospective not randomized trial was conducted to compare thoracoscopic talc poudrage (TP) with tube thoracostomy and talc slurry (TS) for the local control of @entity3483 . Both procedures were previously standardized; 6g of talc was administered for each procedure. Only the @entity1 with lung re-expansion after drainage entered the study. @entity1 at high risk for general anaesthesia, poor general conditions and short life-expectancy received talc slurry through a chest tube, at the bedside. All the other @entity1 underwent videothoracoscopic talc poudrage, with a pneumatic atomizer, under general anaesthesia. Morbidity, 30-day freedom from recurrence and long-term results were assessed and the two groups were compared. RESULTS: One hundred and nine @entity1 entered the study (72 TP, 37 TS). Sixty-three @entity1 in the TP group (87.5%) and 27 in the TS group (73%) had an immediate successful pleurodesis (p = 0.049); 53 @entity1 (88.3%) and 16 @entity1 (69.6%) had a successful pleurodesis 90 days after the procedure; 59 @entity1 (81.9%) and 23 @entity1 (62.2%), respectively, had a life-long pleural symphysis (p = 0.023). Adverse effects were generally mild: chest @entity158 (36.1% in TP @entity1 , 48.6% in TS @entity1 ) and @entity221 (38.8% and 35.1%, respectively) were the more common but the difference was not significant between the two groups. We observed neither @entity1576 nor mortality due to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that intrapleural talc carries good results in the treatment of @entity3483 . TP was significantly more effective than TS; both methods were safe but TS had a higher incidence of @entity158 during the procedure. Talc pleurodesis should be offered to every @entity1 with @entity3483 , apart from terminally ill ones, provided that a satisfying lung re-expansion has been achieved. TP should be performed whenever possible; otherwise, a slurry bedside procedure will be worthwhile, even in @entity1 with low performance status (PS), though poorer results have to be expected. A careful selection is essential to define the proper technique.

title: Talc poudrage versus talc slurry in the treatment of XXXX . A prospective comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']