abstract: URF13 is a mitochondrially encoded, integral membrane protein found only in @entity2829 carrying the cms-T cytoplasm. URF13 is associated with cytoplasmic male sterility, Texas type, and causes susceptibility to the fungal pathogens Bipolaris maydis race T and Phyllosticta maydis. URF13 is predicted to contain three transmembrane alpha-helices and is a receptor for the pathotoxins (T-toxins) produced by B. maydis race T and P. maydis. Binding of T-toxin to URF13 leads to membrane permeability. Cross-linking of URF13 oligomers with @entity18040 ( @entity12475 ) protects @entity526 cells expressing URF13 and cms-T mitochondria from the permeability caused by T-toxin or @entity16035 . Using mutated forms of URF13 expressed in @entity526 cells, we determined the molecular mechanism of @entity12475 protection. We separately changed Lys-37 in helix II to @entity6778 ( @entity62138 -URF13) and Lys-32 in the helix I/helix II loop region to @entity493 ( @entity62139 -URF13). @entity12475 treatment of @entity62138 -URF13-expressing cells did not protect the cells from permeability caused by T-toxin or @entity16035 . @entity12475 cross-linking was greatly reduced in @entity62138 -URF13 and in @entity62140 -URF13-expressing cells, but it was unaffected in @entity62139 -URF13-expressing cells. Binding of @entity16035 or T-toxin decreases @entity12475 cross-linking of URF13 oligomers expressed in either @entity526 or cms-T mitochondria. We conclude that @entity2574 -39 in helix II is cross-linked by @entity12475 to Lys-37 in helix II of an adjacent URF13 molecule and that this cross-linking protects against toxin-mediated permeabilization. Our results also indicate that helices II form a central core in URF13 oligomers.

title: @entity18040 cross-linking suggests a central core of helices II in oligomers of URF13, the pore-forming T-toxin receptor of cms-T XXXX mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity18040 :: ('CHEBI:53090', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide"]

entities_list: @entity62140 :: ('p|SUB|D|39|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D39V']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity62139 :: ('p|SUB|K|32|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K32A']

entities_list: @entity62138 :: ('p|SUB|K|37|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K37I']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: The nature and slope of progression of @entity8 is the subject of considerable discussion. The use of renal biopsies has been accompanied by considerable improvement in the classification of @entity8 . However, the clinical and histological tools available to assess prognosis in individual @entity1 lack accuracy, especially in slowly progressive @entity8 such as @entity6 . The development of molecular biology tools provides a new approach to the analysis of @entity631 . The accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomerulus results from an exaggerated synthesis of collagens and other molecules forming the basement membranes, and is accompanied by an increase in the corresponding mRNAs. The measure of local glomerular gene activation can therefore provide a dynamic view of glomerular scarring. Utilizing a method combining microdissection of the glomeruli, reverse transcription in situ and a competitive polymerase-chain-reaction assay we were able to measure minute amounts of mRNAs in single @entity19 and @entity1 glomeruli. Both in @entity19 models and in @entity1 @entity631 we found upregulation of basement membrane collagen genes in the glomeruli. The increase appeared to be parallel to the slope of progression of @entity631 in experimental animals. This new approach may therefore provide a quantitative and sensitive method to define the propensity to @entity1463 in @entity1 disease.

title: Progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diseases', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular diseases']


abstract: Sixty-seven of 207 @entity1 with pancreatic and @entity5 underwent preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA), and 24 @entity1 underwent intraluminal endoscopic biopsies. All @entity1 had confirmation of the diagnosis of @entity5 either at operation, autopsy, or by clinical follow-up. FNA of liver metastases was positive for @entity5 in 12 of 12 @entity1 . FNA of the pancreas was performed on 44 @entity1 with @entity788 and 11 @entity1 with other pancreatic or @entity5 . The diagnosis of @entity5 was established by FNA in 32 of 44 (72.4%) @entity1 with @entity788 and 1 of 11 @entity1 (9.1%) with other pancreatic or @entity5 . In the @entity1 with @entity788 , 17 of 18 @entity1 (94.4%) who had no operative intervention, 12 of 18 (66.7%) @entity1 who had palliative bypass procedures, and 3 of 8 (37.5%) @entity1 resected had positive FNA. Eighteen of 24 @entity1 (75%) who underwent intraluminal endoscopic biopsies, and 11 of 15 (73.3%) with @entity189 were positive. We believe that FNA is of limited value in the diagnosis of small resectable @entity5 of the pancreas as it identified @entity5 in only 3 of 8 @entity1 in whom it was employed. False negative FNA may delay the diagnosis and treatment of @entity9451 . @entity1 in whom there is a high index of suspicion of pancreatic or peripancreatic @entity5 based on clinical presentation, CT scan, or ERCP assessment do not require preoperative, histologic proof of @entity5 prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of fine needle aspiration cytology and endoscopic biopsy in the preoperative assessment of pancreatic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic malignancies', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['peripancreatic malignancies']


abstract: The use of stapling devices in oesophagogastric @entity254 has markedly reduced the incidence of @entity834 , but may be associated with a higher incidence of @entity850 formation. The purpose of this study was to review the incidence, morbidity, management and outcome of leakage and @entity850 in @entity1 undergoing subtotal oesophagectomy. Seventy-two consecutive @entity1 with proven @entity957 of the thoracic oesophagus who underwent subtotal oesophagectomy and gastric pull-up with stapled @entity254 were studied. Thirty-six @entity1 had the @entity254 constructed using the EEA size 25 mm circular stapler (group 1). Thirty-six @entity1 had oesophagogastric reconstruction using the EEA size 28 mm circular stapler (group 2). Data were collected prospectively, but the groups were not randomized. One clinical/radiological @entity834 (3%) occurred using the 25 mm gun (group 1), but no dehiscence was demonstrated in group 2. There was no 30-day mortality, but two @entity1 died before leaving hospital (overall hospital mortality rate, 3%). Early complications included @entity548 , @entity1576 , chylothorax, transient bilateral recurrent @entity3746 , and severe @entity5837 . After surgery, the @entity1 were followed up at 1 month, at 3 months and then at 3-monthly intervals up to 1 year. @entity850 formation occurred in 11 @entity1 in group 1 and only four @entity1 in group 2 (chi 2 test P less than 0.05). All benign strictures presented within 6 months of surgery. These strictures were satisfactorily treated by endoscopic dilatation. Two @entity1 (one from each group) suffered anastomotic recurrence of their @entity5 at 8 and 10 months respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early and late surgical complications of subtotal oesophagectomy for XXXX of the oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic bleed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture', 'Stricture']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity1468 can cause significant mortality and morbidity for both mother and @entity1 , particularly when it occurs well before term. The only known cure for this disease is delivery. Some obstetricians advocate early delivery to prevent the development of serious maternal complications, such as @entity3036 (fits) and @entity177 . Others prefer a more expectant approach in an attempt to delay delivery and, hopefully, reduce the mortality and morbidity for the @entity1 associated with being born too early. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the review was to compare the effects of a policy of interventionist care and early delivery with a policy of expectant care and delayed delivery for @entity1 with early onset severe @entity1468 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We search the register of trials maintained by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (April 2002) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing the two intervention strategies for @entity1 with early onset severe @entity1468 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed using the criteria set out in the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook. Data were extracted and checked independently by both reviewers. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials (133 @entity1 ) are included in this review. There are insufficient data for reliable conclusions about the comparative effects on outcome for the mother. For the baby, there is insufficient evidence for reliable conclusions about the effects on @entity2209 or @entity204 after delivery (relative risk (RR) 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 5.41). Babies whose mothers had been allocated to the interventionist group had @entity8855 (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.81), more @entity1964 (RR 5.5, 95% CI 1.04 to 29.56) and were more likely to need admission to neonatal intensive care (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.55) than those allocated an expectant policy. Nevertheless, babies allocated to the interventionist policy were less likely to be small for gestational age (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.90). There were no statistically significant differences between the two strategies for any other outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There are insufficient data for any reliable recommendation about which policy of care should be used for @entity1 with severe early onset @entity1468 . Further large trials are needed.

title: Interventionist versus expectant care for severe XXXX before term.

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['more hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: Infantile (juvenile) @entity8702 are @entity1350 which can appear quite infiltrative histologically and are characterized by cords of cells with areas of marked cellularity. While vessels can be distinguished in most cases, there are many cells which do not appear to be endothelial in origin. We labeled 5 such cases with antibodies directed against factor VIII-related antigen, @entity2280 , alpha actin, factor XIIIa and PC-10. Anti-factor VIII-related antigen labeled all endothelial cells and did not label cells away from vessels. Anti- @entity2280 recognized similar cells and also stained a subset of interstitial cells. Anti-alpha muscle defined pericytes and stained few interstitial cells and none of the endothelial cells. Many of the interstitial spindled and cuboidal cells stained strongly with anti-factor XIIIa. The majority of the mitotic activity was concentrated in the interstitial cells. These observations lend support to the concept that infantile (juvenile) @entity8702 is a @entity5 of primitive cells with capabilities for differentiating toward endothelial cells and pericytes. It is not clear whether a similar stem cell population gives rise to dermal dendrocytes, or whether these represent an immune response to the @entity5 .

title: Infantile (juvenile) @entity8702 : a XXXX of heterogeneous cellular elements.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma', 'capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Meticulous treatment strategies taking @entity5 heterogeneity into account are considered essential to achieve breakthroughs in current @entity5 therapy. We analyzed @entity5 heterogeneity in the @entity5 of a @entity1 with @entity420 characterized by a poor prognosis. METHODS: Four sublines with different growth characteristics in vitro were established from the @entity5 using a method for short-term selective cultivation. We examined the differences in morphological, biochemical, and genetic findings of these sublines. RESULTS: Differences in the histological features of the transplanted @entity5 were seen in the four sublines. The 88-2T and 88-2 @entity5 revealed a well-differentiated @entity420 ; the 88-2F @entity5 revealed a large cell-like @entity189 resembling the @entity3 in the lymph nodes; and the 88-2FA @entity5 was composed of signet-ring cells. There were differences in oncogenes, with the 88-2F line alone exhibiting 12-fold amplification of @entity517 . Sensitivity to @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) was specifically increased in the 88-2F cell line, alone. CONCLUSIONS: These sublines demonstrate that @entity1 @entity420 has various types of heterogeneity within the @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity517 amplification may play an important role in altering phenotype and growth characteristics in vitro and in vivo, and for increasing sensitivity to Ara C and the potential of @entity5 cells to metastasize to lymph nodes.

title: @entity517 amplification and enhancement of sensitivity to @entity2592 : an in vitro and in vivo study on four sublines established from a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara C']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the origins of the feeding arteries of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) near the umbilical fissure of the left hepatic lobe. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity157 with a mean      SD @entity5 diameter of 3.4      1.0  cm (range 1-4.4  cm) in contact with the right or left side of the umbilical fissure were treated by superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The origins of the @entity5 -feeding arteries were analyzed with arteriograms and computed tomography or cone-beam computed tomography images obtained during and 1  week after TACE. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity75 were located in segment 3 and seven were located in segment 4. Of 21 @entity5 in segment 3, 13 (61.9%) were supplied by the @entity7244 (A3), three (14.3%) by the medial subsegmental artery (A4), three (14.3%) by both A4 and A3, one (4.8%) by a branch arising from the left lateral hepatic artery, and one (4.8%) by a branch of the right gastric artery. In particular, all @entity5 -feeding branches arising from A4 were the first branch of A4. Of seven @entity5 in segment 4, four (57.1%) were supplied by A4 and three (42.9%) by A3. In particular, all @entity5 -feeding branches arising from A3 were the first branch of A3. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates crossover blood supply to @entity75 located near the umbilical fissure, in addition to direct feeding from a separate branch. In particular, the first branch of the opposite subsegmental artery may feed @entity5 when crossover blood supply is present.

title: Origins of feeding arteries of XXXX located near the umbilical fissure of the left hepatic lobe: angiographic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['lateral inferior subsegmental artery']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avian influenza A (AI) viruses of subtypes H5 can cause serious disease outbreaks in poultry including panzootic due to H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) viruses. These viruses are a threat not only for animal health but also public health due to their zoonotic potential. The @entity4186 plays a major role in the epidemiological cycle of influenza virus subtypes H5 but little is known concerning host/pathogen interactions during @entity281 in @entity4186 species. In this study, a subtracted library from @entity4186 @entity825 (a primary site of @entity778 ) was constructed to analyse and compare the host response after a highly or low pathogenic (LP) @entity281 . RESULTS: Here, we show that more than 200 different genes were differentially expressed in infected @entity4186 @entity825 to a significant degree. In addition, significant differentially expressed genes between LPAI- and HPAI-infected tracheas were observed. Gene ontology annotation was used and specific signalling pathways were identified. These pathways were different for LPAI and HPAI-infected tracheas, except for the @entity62008 signalling pathway which is implicated in immune response. A different modulation of genes in the @entity62008 signalling pathway and @entity62009 was induced in @entity4186 tracheas infected with a HPAI- or a LPAI-H5N1. CONCLUSION: First, this study indicates that Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) is an alternative approach to gain insights into the pathogenesis of @entity281 in @entity4186 . Secondly, the results indicate that cellular gene expression in the @entity4186 @entity825 was differently modulated after @entity281 with a LPAI-H5N1 or after @entity281 with a @entity778 . Such difference found in infected @entity825 , a primary @entity281 site, could precede continuation of @entity281 and could explain appearance of respiratory symptoms or not.

title: Differential cellular gene expression in XXXX @entity825 infected with a highly or low pathogenic @entity778 .

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['domestic duck', 'ducks', 'duck']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HPAI-H5N1 virus', 'influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1-infection', 'infection', 'influenza infection']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: The alpha-factor receptor of the @entity375 @entity375 encoded by the @entity25220 gene is a member of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate multiple signal transduction pathways. The third intracellular loop of GPCRs has been identified as a likely site of interaction with G proteins. To determine the extent of allowed substitutions within this loop, we subjected a stretch of 21 @entity1522 (Leu228-Leu248) to intensive random mutagenesis and screened multiply substituted alleles for receptor function. The 91 partially functional mutant alleles that were recovered contained 96 unique @entity535 substitutions. Every position in this region can be replaced with at least two other types of @entity1522 without a significant effect on function. The tolerance for nonconservative substitutions indicates that activation of the G protein by ligand-bound receptors involves multiple intramolecular interactions that do not strongly depend on particular sequence elements. Many of the functional mutant alleles exhibit greater than normal levels of signaling, consistent with an inhibitory role for the third intracellular loop. Removal of increasing numbers of positively charged residues from the loop by site-directed mutagenesis causes a progressive loss of signaling function, indicating that the overall net charge of the loop is important for receptor function. Introduction of negatively charged residues also leads to a reduced level of signaling. The defects in signaling caused by substitution of charged @entity1522 are not caused by changes in the abundance of receptors at the cell surface.

title: Sequences in the intracellular loops of the @entity375 pheromone receptor XXXX required for G protein activation.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity25220 :: (850518(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Ste2p']


abstract: The dividing line between @entity1778 and @entity706 is usually not very clear. We put forward the hypotheses that simple concepts of set theory are valuable tool in order to verify the consistency of the available @entity1778 and @entity706 . Set theory is the branch of mathematics that leads with collections or sets of objects and has many applications. A set can be described by listing the properties that its members must have in order to belong to the set. We developed a group of organizational properties regarding cellular origin (designated [O] for origin), progression [P] and differentiation [D] of the malignant hematopoietic cells. We selected @entity1778 and @entity706 from medical literature and analyzed these definitions according to properties [O], [P] and [D]. Fourteen definitions were selected for analysis (seven of @entity1778 and seven of @entity706 ). For each definition, we listed the properties that define @entity1778 and @entity706 as a set of @entity1583 . The main property that characterizes the set of @entity706 was the lymphoid differentiation. This property was present in all seven definitions of @entity706 and should be regarded a necessary condition to define this @entity5 . @entity1778 were not uniform and no common property was present in all of them. Altogether, these results demonstrate that current definitions do not permit a precise classification of @entity1583 as @entity1778 or @entity706 . The @entity1778 are not uniform and this term could be modified.

title: Set theory and the nosology of XXXX : @entity706 are characterized by @entity706 have no common property.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['definitions of leukemia', 'Definitions of leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies', 'hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pillars4Life is an educational program that teaches coping skills to @entity5 @entity1 in a virtual group setting; it was recently implemented at 17 hospitals across the USA. The cost-effective, scalable, and assessable Pillars4Life curriculum targets psychosocial resources (e.g., self-efficacy and coping skills) as a means to reduce symptoms (e.g., @entity308 , @entity148 , and posttraumatic stress) and enhance quality of life. METHODS: @entity5 @entity1 were recruited from hospitals that received the LIVESTRONG Community Impact Project Award to enroll in a pilot study of Pillars4Life. Consenting @entity1 met with a certified instructor weekly for 10 weeks in a virtual environment; the manualized intervention trained @entity1 in personal coping skills. Longitudinal assessments over 6  months were assessed using validated instruments to determine changes in Pillars4Life targeted resources and outcomes. Multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between changes in targeted resources and changes in outcome from baseline to 3 months post-intervention. RESULTS: @entity1 (n   =   130) had the following characteristics: mean age of 56        11 years, 87% @entity1 , 11% non-Caucasian, and 77% with college degree. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, mean scores improved on all key outcome measures such as @entity308 ( @entity1 Health Questionnaire), @entity148 ( @entity148 ), posttraumatic stress ( @entity1005 Checklist), fatigue (Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy-Fatigue), and well-being (Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-General) from baseline (all p   <   0.01); results were most pronounced among @entity1 who reported >= 4/10 on the Distress Thermometer at baseline (all p   <   0.001). Changes in each targeted resource were associated with 3-month improvements in at least one outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the Pillars4Life program was associated with statistically and clinically significant improvements in scores on pre-specified outcomes and targeted resources. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Evaluation of Pillars4life: a virtual coping skills program for XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Generalized Anxiety Disorder', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A previous report demonstrated that infusion of @entity859 into the forearm increased local vascular production of @entity1808 . We hypothesize that this increase in @entity1808 could attenuate the vasodilator response to @entity859 subtype 2 (A2) receptor activation. The depressor and regional hemodynamic responses to the A2-selective @entity859 agonist @entity54007 were measured in the presence and absence of @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ) receptor blockade ( @entity9886 , 10 mg/kg IV) in anesthetized @entity35 . @entity9886 pretreatment (without versus with @entity9886 ) significantly potentiated @entity54007 -induced reductions in renal (-13 +/- 2% versus -22 +/- 4%, P < .05) and mesenteric (-11 +/- 2% versus -23 +/- 4%, P < .05) vascular resistances, resulting in a greater depressor response (-7 +/- 2 versus -18 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .05). The decrease in hindquarter vascular resistance was not affected. To test the specificity of this interaction, we also evaluated @entity1242 and @entity594 . Pretreatment with @entity9886 had no effect on the responses to @entity1242 , whereas the responses to @entity594 either were not affected or were attenuated (percent change in mesenteric vascular resistance: without @entity9886 pretreatment, -30 +/- 1%; with @entity9886 pretreatment, -24 +/- 2%, P < .05). To determine whether the decrease in arterial pressure after @entity9886 pretreatment contributed to the potentiation of the @entity54007 -mediated effects, we infused @entity1242 to lower mean arterial pressure comparably to @entity9886 treatment. None of the hemodynamic responses to subsequent @entity54007 administration were affected. These data suggest that endogenous levels of @entity1808 , whether released locally or systemically, selectively attenuate the A2-mediated reductions in renal and mesenteric vascular resistances.

title: @entity1809 blockade selectively potentiates XXXX subtype 2-mediated vasodilation.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: The receptor @entity669 kinase RON (recepteur d'origine nantais), a member of the MET proto-oncogene family, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain epithelial cancers including @entity2220 . To determine the oncogenic potential of RON, @entity19 were generated using the surfactant protein C promoter to express @entity1 wild-type RON in the distal lung epithelial cells. The @entity19 were born normal without morphological defects in the lung, however, @entity652 with distinct morphology and growth pattern were observed. @entity5 appeared as a single mass in the lung around 2 months of age and gradually developed into multiple nodules throughout the lung. Most of the @entity5 were characterized as cuboidal epithelial cells with type II cell phenotypes. They grew along the alveolar walls and projected into the alveolar septa. A transition from pre-malignant @entity652 to @entity420 was observed. The RON transgene is highly expressed and constitutively activated in the @entity5 as evident by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analyses. Moreover, we found that Ras expression was dramatically increased in the majority of @entity5 . However, no mutation in the 'hot spots' of the @entity11518 or @entity899 gene was observed, although limited genomic instability occurs in @entity5 . Taken together, this is a @entity19 @entity2 model with unique biological characteristics. The model may provide an opportunity to study the role of @entity2 and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this distinct @entity2 .

title: XXXX in the lung of @entity19 overexpressing the RON receptor @entity669 kinase. Recepteur d'origine nantais.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'individual tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['RON in lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lung adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Multiple pulmonary adenomas']


abstract: In this study the sensitivity of three methods of isolation of udder pathogens from milk samples from subclinical @entity1271 cases was compared. For analysis 1827 quarter milk samples were selected. Milk was cultured using a standard culture technique (0.01 ml of fresh milk streaked on a @entity742 blood agar plate and on Edward's medium). In addition, an inoculum of 0.01 ml of the original milk sample was incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C in broth, followed by culture using the standard culture technique. In the third method, the whole milk sample was frozen for 24h, and then incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C, followed by culture using standard culture technique. The isolation percentage of @entity794 was 4.7% for standard culture technique, 14.2% for incubation in broth, and 21.5% for the combination of freezing plus incubation. Isolation percentage of @entity22193 and @entity5967 was highest using the standard culture technique, while isolation rate of @entity8211 was not different among the three methods used. With increasing somatic cell count, the likelihood of @entity794 , @entity22193 and @entity8211 isolation increased. Based on the relative sensitivity, defined as the isolation rate using a single technique compared to the isolation rate of the three techniques together, a combination of standard culture technique and freezing plus incubation was most attractive for achieving a high isolation rate of @entity5967 and @entity22193 . Relative sensitivity of @entity8211 isolation was highest using the standard culture technique and incubation in broth, while @entity794 was most often isolated using a combination of incubation in broth and freezing plus incubation. A combination of the three methods increased the isolation rate for @entity22193 , @entity8211 and @entity794 . The standard culture technique, together with the combination of freezing plus incubation, can be recommended for isolating major udder pathogens. If @entity794 is the pathogen of main interest, using incubation in broth together with the combination of freezing plus incubation performed best.

title: Effect of preculture freezing and incubation on bacteriological isolation from subclinical XXXX samples.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'S. agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis', 'S. uberis']

entities_list: @entity22193 :: ('1334', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus dysgalactiae', 'S. dysgalactiae']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: @entity11 are a type of heterogeneous primary @entity1221 , which arise from the glial cells; these types of @entity5 generally respond poorly to surgery, radiation and conventional chemotherapy. Tumor @entity39 factor  -a  ( @entity1505 ) has been suggested to produce an antitumor effect by binding to specific receptors on the @entity5 cell membrane to induce apoptosis. @entity1505 is known to activate a number of signaling pathways, including extracellular signal  -regulated protein kinase, c  -Jun N  -terminal kinase ( @entity6336 ), @entity12220 (p38MAPK), nuclear factor  -kB and caspase cascades, depending on the cell type. However, the involvement of p38MAPK signaling in @entity1505  -induced apoptosis in @entity11 cells remains unclear. In the current study, the role of p38MAPK in @entity1505  -induced apoptosis in @entity35 @entity11 C6  cells was investigated. @entity1505 was observed to induce cell apoptosis and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK in C6  cells. In addition, the inhibition of p38MAPK markedly reduced @entity1505  -induced apoptosis, while @entity6336 inhibition did not affect apoptosis. Furthermore, p38MAPK transfection altered the cell cycle of @entity11 cells and increased the rate of apoptosis. It also led to an increase in the level of soluble @entity1505 in the culture supernatant and membrane TNF receptor I levels in @entity5 cells. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that the activation of p38MAPK mediates @entity1505  -induced apoptosis in @entity11 C6  cells, suggesting p38MAPK as a potential target for @entity11 therapy.

title: p38MAPK activation mediates XXXX  @entity39  factor-a  -induced apoptosis in @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity12220 :: ('81649(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p38  mitogen  -activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The correlation between sequence diversity and enzymatic function was studied in a library of Theta class @entity2041 transferases (GSTs) obtained by stochastic recombination of fragments of cDNA encoding @entity1 GST T1-1 and @entity35 GST T2-2. In all, 94 randomly picked clones were characterized with respect to sequence, expression level, and catalytic activity in the conjugation reactions between @entity2041 and six alternative electrophilic substrates. Out of these six different compounds, @entity1044 is a selective substrate for @entity1 GST T1-1, whereas @entity61564 and @entity3304 are substrates for @entity35 GST T2-2. The other three substances serve as substrates for both enzymes. Through this broad characterization, we have identified enzyme variants that have acquired novel activity profiles that differ substantially from those of the original GSTs. In addition, the expression levels of many clones were improved in comparison to the parental enzyme. A library of mutants can thus display a distribution of properties from which highly divergent evolutionary pathways may emerge, resembling natural evolutionary processes. From the GST library, a clone was identified that, by the point mutation @entity61565 in the @entity35 GST T2-2 sequence, has a 1700% increased activity with @entity61564 and a 60% decreased activity with @entity27940 . Through the @entity61565 mutation, the ratio of these activities has thus been altered 40-fold. An extensive characterization of a population of stochastically mutated enzymes can accordingly be used to find variants with novel substrate-activity profiles and altered catalytic properties. Recursive recombination of selected sequences displaying optimized properties is a strategy for the engineering of proteins for medical and biochemical applications. Such sequential design is combinatorial protein chemistry based on remodeling of existing structural scaffolds and has similarities to evolutionary processes in nature.

title: An ensemble of theta class XXXX transferases with novel catalytic properties generated by stochastic recombination of fragments of two @entity1 enzymes.

entities_list: @entity27940 :: ('MESH:C110057', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitrophenethyl bromide']

entities_list: @entity61565 :: ('p|SUB|N|49|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N49D']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity61564 :: ('MESH:C008348', 'Chemical') :: ['1-menaphthyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: Although adding @entity901 to @entity1487 and @entity4181 in adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity694 may improve disease-free survival, grade 3-4 @entity16 also increases. To determine whether oral @entity898 is neuroprotective against @entity901 -induced @entity16 , we did a pilot study. Fourteen @entity5 @entity1 with 4 or more regional lymph nodes @entity3 (N2 disease) receiving adjuvant biweekly @entity901 (85 mg/m(2)) plus weekly @entity1487 boluses and low-dose @entity4181 were randomized to oral @entity898 (1,200 mg) (arm A) or placebo (arm B). Clinical neurological and electrophysiological evaluations were performed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 treatment cycles. Treatment-related @entity137 was evaluated based on National @entity5 Institute (NCI) Criteria. After four cycles of chemotherapy, seven of nine @entity1 in arm B and two of five in arm A experienced grade 1 @entity16 . After eight cycles, five experienced @entity16 (grade 2-4 @entity137 ) in arm B; none in arm A (p<0.05). After 12 cycles, grade @entity16 was observed in eight @entity1 in arm B, one in arm A (p<0.05). There were no significant electrophysiological changes in arm A after 4, 8, or 12 cycles of chemotherapy. We concluded that oral @entity898 reduces the incidence of @entity901 -induced @entity16 in @entity694 @entity1 receiving @entity901 -based adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: @entity898 has neuroprotective effects against @entity901 -based adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity694 XXXX : preliminary data.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', '2-4 sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The regulatory mechanism of @entity95 muscle @entity2388 kinase has been studied as a function of temperature in conjunction with @entity815 , the allosteric inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of @entity815 is modulated by temperature. At low temperatures, the presence of @entity815 is almost inconsequential, but as the temperature increases so does the @entity815 -dependent inhibition of the kinetic activity. In addition, the presence of @entity815 induces cooperativity in the relation between velocity and substrate concentration. This effect is especially pronounced at elevated temperature. The kinetic data were analyzed using an equation that describes the steady-state kinetic velocity data as a function of five equilibrium constants and two rate constants. Van't Hoff analysis of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants determined by nonlinear curve fitting revealed that the interaction of @entity2388 kinase with its substrate, @entity7954 , is an enthalpy-driven process. This is consistent with an interaction that involves electrostatic forces, and indeed, @entity7954 is a negatively charged substrate. In contrast, the interaction of @entity2388 kinase with @entity815 is strongly entropy driven. These results imply that the binding of @entity815 involves hydrophobic interaction and are consistent with the basic concepts of strengthening of the hydrophobic effect with an increase in temperature. The effect of @entity815 at high temperatures is the net consequence of weakening of substrate-enzyme interaction and significant strengthening of inhibitor binding to the inactive state of @entity2388 kinase. The effects of salts were also studies. The results show that salts also exert a differential effect on the binding of substrate and inhibitor to the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Energetics of allosteric regulation in muscle XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The risk of @entity204 is increased in @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . The effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on mortality remains unclear. In a previous study by Annegers et  al., mortality was raised, comparable to similar intractable cohorts. Our aim was to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), identify @entity302 -related @entity204 , and estimate @entity944 ( @entity944 ) rates in @entity1 treated with VNS for @entity302 . METHODS: All United Kingdom @entity1 undergoing VNS between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2010 at King's College Hospital, London were flagged through the national Medical Research Information Service. Analysis was performed in relation to all @entity204 occurring by December 31, 2010. Deceased @entity1 were identified from the national @entity204 register, and additional information on cause and circumstances of @entity204 sought where appropriate to allow for classification of @entity204 . RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 466 @entity1 , with 2993.83  @entity1 -years of follow-up and a median observation period of 5.9  years. Twenty-nine @entity204 occurred, 27 with the device active. SMR was 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8-10.3) for the active device; 12 @entity204 were considered @entity302 related, including 10 definite or probable @entity944 and one fatal near @entity944 . Definite/probable and fatal near @entity944 occurred at a rate of 3.7/1,000  @entity1 -years. SMRs decreased from 10.5 (5.6-19.5) in the first 2  years after implantation to 5.9 (3.7-9.5) thereafter, although CIs overlapped. @entity944 rates did not alter over time. SIGNIFICANCE: SMRs and @entity944 rate in this study are comparable to other cohorts with intractable @entity302 , with @entity944 an important cause of @entity204 . VNS does not appear to lower the risk of @entity204 overall. There was a clear trend with lower SMR after 2  years of implantation, although CIs overlapped. @entity944 rates, however, did not change.

title: Mortality and XXXX in @entity302 @entity1 treated with vagus nerve stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['SUDEP']


abstract: Major predisposing conditions for @entity884 ( @entity884 ) are the presence of a cardiac platelet-fibrin vegetation and of circulating bacteria with relatively low susceptibility to microbicidal activity of blood platelets. The influence of proinflammatory conditions on development of @entity884 is unknown. We studied the effects of the presence of a catheter, inserted to induce platelet-fibrin vegetations, and of the proinflammatory cytokine @entity719 in @entity95 experimental @entity884 . Leaving the catheter in place after challenge with viridans streptococci predisposed for experimental @entity884 . @entity884 susceptibility rapidly decreased between 0 to 6 h after catheter removal. The catheter did not predispose for @entity884 by providing a site for bacterial adherence, as almost all explanted catheters were culture negative. To mimic the proinflammatory influence of the catheter, @entity95 were injected with @entity719 at 24 h after catheter removal and at 0, 1, and 3 h before bacterial challenge. @entity719 injected 3 h prior to challenge significantly increased @entity884 incidence due to a platelet releasate-susceptible @entity9858 , with rapidly increasing numbers of @entity47 . @entity884 due to the @entity885 less susceptible to platelet releasate was not enhanced. We conclude that proinflammatory stimuli, either a catheter or @entity719 , enhanced susceptibility to @entity884 due to the platelet releasate-susceptible @entity9858 . As with @entity95 , temporary intravascular proinflammatory conditions may predispose for @entity884 in @entity1 at risk for this serious infection.

title: XXXX increases the susceptibility of @entity95 to experimental viridans streptococcal endocarditis.

entities_list: @entity9858 :: ('1303', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus oralis strain', 'S. oralis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis strain']

entities_list: @entity719 :: ('100009250(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1alpha', 'interleukin-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['bacteria within the vegetations']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity719 :: (100009250(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['Interleukin 1alpha']


abstract: In this paper the authors examine current findings on the etiology of @entity82 . Particular emphasized is the role of the biochemical pathways and the genetic mutations occurring in the disease. In fact it is demonstrated that the @entity4262 , a variant of @entity82 , is caused by the mutations of the @entity2163 gene that codify for the alfa-subunit of the stimulatory @entity2774 - @entity377 binding protein (G-protein). This mutation activates adenylate cyclase and consequently increases intracellular concentrations of @entity268 . The increased signaling through the @entity268 is believed to be responsible for the clinical characteristic of the @entity4262 . The cap is translocated to the nucleus where a family of transcription factors is phosphorylated. This group of factors regulates the expression of CAp responsive genes: one of them, the @entity1639 proto-oncogene, produces a nuclear protein that binds with other proteins encoded by @entity1178 proto-oncogene, to form a transcription factor, AP-1. Several studies have shown an increase of @entity1639 mRNA in the @entity79 of @entity1 with @entity82 . It suggests that the overexpression of @entity1639 may represent the first step in the @entity105 of @entity79 . Finally, attention is focused on the intravenous use of @entity5279 as medical management in the treatment of the lesions that are not susceptible to surgical treatment.

title: [ XXXX . The clinico-therapeutic picture and new data on its etiology. A review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: To determine the addition of value of neoadjuvant, concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy to radiation in the treatment of @entity189 with regard to the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) within a six year period in Tehran @entity5 institute. Files of all @entity1 with @entity189 treated by radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy in a curative setting in Tehran @entity5 institute during the period of 1999-2005 were retrospectively reviewed.. A total of 103 @entity1 with @entity189 had been treated during the study period with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in our institute. There were 29 (28.2%) females and 74 (71.8%) males. The median age at the time of radiotherapy was 47 years old (range 9-75 years). The @entity1 were followed 2 to 76 months with a median follow-up of 14 months. Time of first recurrence after treatment was 3-44 months with a median of 10 months.. Survival in 2 groups of @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone or chemoradiation did not have a significant difference (P>0.1). Two-year survival in @entity1 treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and had local recurrence after treatment did not have significant difference (P>0.1). Two-year survival in @entity1 with or without local recurrence after treatment did not have significant difference (P>0.1). A beneficial affect or a survival benefit of adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation was not observed in Iranian @entity1 .

title: @entity189 : a 6-year experience in Tehran XXXX institute.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and efficacy of infliximab plus @entity6963 combination therapy in adult @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with active @entity309 received @entity6963 100 mg for 3 days followed by 20 mg daily for 32 weeks. At week 2 all @entity1 started infliximab 3 mg/kg, and received a further four infusions at weeks 4, 8, 16 and 24. RESULTS: Adverse events led to 11 @entity1 being withdrawn before the end of the study. The commonest adverse event was @entity111 associated with an @entity1910 . Other serious reactions included infliximab infusion reactions in four @entity1 and @entity6715 in one. There was no relationship between the serum concentration of @entity22957 , the active metabolite of @entity6963 , and adverse events. The mean Disease Activity Score (DAS28) fell from 7.18 at week 0 to 5.18 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) at week 4 and remained between 3.85 and 4.85 up to week 32. In those @entity1 remaining on treatment, more than 80% achieved an ACR20 response from week 8 to week 28, and up to 46% achieved an ACR70 response. CONCLUSION: Infliximab plus @entity6963 combination therapy appears to be highly efficacious in the treatment of adult @entity309 . However, widespread use may be limited by adverse events, which were common and in some cases severe.

title: Infliximab and @entity6963 combination therapy in XXXX : an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous rash']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether renal innervation is required for compensatory growth of the remaining kidney following unilateral nephrectomy. In the first study, young (6-week-old) @entity35 were divided into 4 groups and the following surgical procedures were performed. Group 1 animals had their left and right kidneys removed and weighed to provide a measure of control weight prior to compensatory growth. Group 2 and 3 animals underwent right nephrectomy, followed by @entity8 (Group 2) or sham denervation (Group 3). Animals from Group 4 were subjected to right sham nephrectomy and sham denervation of the left kidneys. Three weeks later, animals from Groups 2, 3 and 4 were sacrificed and left kidneys were weighed. Relative to control kidney weight (Group 1), left kidney weight increased over 3 weeks by 92% when both kidneys were present (Group 4), representing normal renal growth. Animals with prior nephrectomy but intact renal innervation (Group 3) demonstrated an additional increase in kidney weight of 74% over the same interval, representing compensatory growth. Prior denervation of the left kidney (Group 2) had no effect on the degree of compensatory growth whether expressed in absolute kidney weight or relative to body weight. A second study was performed to determine whether renal innervation influences the initial state of compensatory growth when measured at an earlier time after unilateral nephrectomy. One week after right nephrectomy, left kidney weight was similar in animals with sham @entity8 (1.08 +/- 0.04 g) when compared to animals with @entity8 (1.06 +/- 0.02 g). Thus, for a least young @entity35 , renal innervation is not required for full compensatory renal growth following unilateral nephrectomy.

title: Renal innervation is not required for compensatory renal growth in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal denervation', 'left kidney denervation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Few epidemiological studies that rely on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment have measured biomarkers of @entity2067 intake to independently confirm associations between self-reported dietary @entity2067 intake and disease risk. Associations were examined between two sensitive biomarkers of @entity2067 status, plasma @entity17105 and serum percent undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), and self-reported usual @entity17105 intake as estimated from a FFQ. The influence of other dietary and nondietary factors on plasma @entity17105 concentrations was also examined. Dietary @entity17105 intake was estimated using a FFQ in 369 @entity1 and 468 @entity1 of the Framingham Offspring Study. The prevalence of high %ucOC concentrations (>/= 20%), suggestive of a low @entity2067 status, was 44% in @entity1 and 54% in @entity1 , respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of a high %ucOC was 2.5 greater for @entity1 (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-5.1) and almost three times greater for @entity1 (odds ratio: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-5.9) in the lowest dietary @entity17105 intake quintile category compared to the highest quintile category. Fasting @entity412 concentrations, smoking status and season were associated with plasma @entity17105 concentrations, independent of dietary @entity17105 intake. @entity17105 and green vegetable intake was linearly associated with plasma @entity17105 , after adjustment for potential confounding factors. There were limitations in the use of the FFQ to predict plasma @entity17105 , evident in an observed plateau effect and required nondietary adjustment factors. Despite these caveats, these findings support the use of a FFQ for a relative assessment of @entity2067 status in population-based studies.

title: Dietary and nondietary determinants of @entity2067 biochemical measures in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17105 :: ('MESH:D010837', 'Chemical') :: ['Phylloquinone', 'phylloquinone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 induced by @entity1642 and @entity308 is a common phenomenon in stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We evaluated the quality of life (QoL) of @entity6 @entity1 screened for @entity453 and assessed the prognostic value of mental and physical QoL scores to predict the development of new @entity299 . METHODS: Prospective multicentre outcome study. The study comprised 400 asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 without history or symptoms of @entity453 . They underwent myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) and assessment of QoL by two questionnaires: Hospital Depression and @entity148 Scale (HADS-D and HADS-A) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) at baseline and after 2  years. @entity1 with normal MPS received usual care; those with abnormal MPS received medical or combined invasive and medical management. RESULTS: Only mental QoL scores but not physical QoL scores or traditional cardiovascular risk factors were predictive of new @entity63 (n  =  11/306) during follow-up. The prognostic value for new @entity63 as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) amounted to 0.784 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.654-0.914, P  =  0.002) for HADS-D and to 0.737 (95% CI 0.580-0.893, P  =  0.011) for HADS-A. This finding was confirmed by SF-36 mental sum score (AUC 0.688, 95% CI 0.539-0.836, P  =  0.036), but not SF-36 physical sum score. QoL scores did not change after 2  years in @entity1 with @entity63 at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: QoL scores assessing mental health, particularly @entity308 and @entity148 , predicted the development of new @entity299 in asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 . The study is limited by a small number of events (new @entity63 ) and so the results should be considered hypothesis generating rather than conclusive.

title: Quality of life as predictor for the development of @entity299 in high-risk asymptomatic @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the sonographic features of benign, high-risk, and malignant @entity5720 of the breast. METHODS: We conducted a search of our institution's breast biopsy database for all @entity5720 with sonographic findings and final surgical pathologic diagnoses from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2009. We retrospectively reviewed the breast sonographic findings of 23 @entity1185 , 14 @entity1185 with associated @entity1373 , and 14 @entity1377 , all surgically proven. These 51 lesions in 50 @entity1 comprised our data set. The imaging reports, pathologic records, and surgical records of these @entity1 were reviewed, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The findings for 50 @entity1 (age range, 26-92 years; mean, 55.2 years) with 51 lesions were reviewed. One @entity1 had @entity0 . Size and margin features showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) between the lesions. Twelve (47.9%) @entity1185 , 10 (71.4%) high-risk lesions, and 13 (92.9%) @entity5 were larger than 1 cm. Sixteen (69.6%) @entity1185 , 10 (71.4%) high-risk lesions, and only 4 (28.6%) @entity5 had circumscribed margins. With regard to echo pattern, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions (P< .01). Twenty (87.0%) @entity1185 , 4 (28.6%) high-risk lesions, and 10 (71.4%) @entity5 were hypoechoic. Posterior sonographic features were also statistically significant (P < .05), with malignant and high-risk lesions being associated with posterior enhancement or shadowing. Another statistically significant difference (P < .01) was intralesional vascularity, which was seen more frequently with @entity5 . Regardless of lesion type, the distance from the nipple, shape, orientation, surrounding tissue change, and associated calcifications were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sonographic features that may potentially assist in differentiating @entity5720 include size, margin, echo pattern, posterior features, and intralesional vascularity.

title: Role of sonography in the differentiation of benign, high-risk, and malignant XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['benign papillomas', 'papillomas']

answer: @entity5720 :: (MESH:D007681,Disease) :: ['papillary lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Until relatively recently critical care practitioners have focused on survival of their @entity1 and not long-term outcomes. An increasing body of research has examined @entity1 outcomes beyond discharge from the intensive care unit and hospital. One area of focus is neurobehavioral outcomes including @entity149 and @entity146 such as @entity308 and @entity148 . Cognitive functions are brain-based or mental activities that involve acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information and include domains such as memory, attention, executive function, mental processing speed, spatial abilities, and general intelligence. It is known from other medical specialties that impaired cognitive function can have a broad, substantial, and long-lasting impact on a @entity1 's life. This paper examines the current evidence for @entity149 in survivors of @entity3124 . RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies support the hypothesis that @entity3124 can lead to significant @entity73 . Current work indicates that the @entity149 can last for months or years after a @entity1 arrives home and may have important consequences for quality of individual and family life and for ability to return to work as well as substantial economic costs. The mechanisms of @entity149 are not fully understood, but in acute @entity649 hypoxemic @entity12520 important. SUMMARY: Among the potential consequences of @entity3124 are now included @entity149 . Future research should include the search for strategies for the early identification of @entity149 , mechanisms of @entity1545 , and therapeutic modalities designed to prevent or decrease neurocognitive morbidity.

title: Chronic neurocognitive effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in neurocognitive function']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive sequelae', 'neurocognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['burden appears']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: The @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity1501 transport properties of five @entity1500 -resistant lines of @entity3667 have been examined. These resistant lines all show a decreased Vmax for @entity1500 influx, with no change in apparent affinity (Kt). The Vmax of @entity1501 influx is also proportionately decreased without alteration in Kt, supporting our proposal that there is a single carrier mediating influx of both ligands. Amplifications of two regions of DNA, the R region (encoding @entity9796 reductase-thymidylate synthase) and the H region (Beverley, S.M., Coderre, J.A., Santi, D.V., and Schimke, R.T. (1984) Cell 38, 431-439), were also observed. In a given line, the amplifications occurred singly, in combination, or not at all. No other regions of amplification were detected. The phenotype of reduced @entity1500 transport was moderately stable in the highly resistant R1000 line, being retained for more than 200 generations in the absence of @entity1500 in vitro and during one passage through an infected @entity19 ; in contrast, R- and H-amplified DNA were less stable. The lack of correlation of R and H amplification with reduced @entity1500 transport suggests that alterations in transport are not causally mediated by gene amplification in @entity3667 , but are a separate mode of @entity1500 resistance. The onset of decreased @entity1500 transport was also examined; wild-type @entity3667 developed a reduced Vmax of @entity1500 influx within 24 h following exposure to 1 microM @entity1500 , which is extremely unstable in the absence of drug pressure. A comparable decrease in the Vmax of influx is seen in cells exposed to @entity1500 in media in which @entity137 is eliminated. As the @entity1501 / @entity1500 transporter is regulated by exogenous @entity1501 , these data suggest that the initial rapid decrease in @entity1500 transport may be a cellular regulatory response, in contrast to that found within the R1000 line which resembles a more stable genetic mutation.

title: Reductions in XXXX and @entity1501 influx in @entity1499 -resistant lines of @entity3667 are independent of R or H region amplification.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: To assess the most appropriate method of administering @entity2643 and predicting its efficacy (empiric vs guided by Holter or by ventricular stimulation), 19 @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 underwent a "parallel study". Fifteen @entity1 were @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with a mean age of 65 years. A @entity453 with previous @entity583 was present in 15 @entity1 , @entity384 in 3 and arrhythmogenic @entity4266 in 1 (mean left ventricular ejection fraction = 35%). All 19 @entity1 had, as inclusion criteria, 1) frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) and/or repetitive (greater than or equal to 10/24 hours) @entity1540 during 24-hour Holter monitoring and 2) inducible sustained (greater than 30/sec) @entity943 during programmed ventricular stimulation (1-3 extrastimuli from 2 right ventricular sites). @entity2643 was given at an initial dosage of 15 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks and then at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. After 15 days 24-hour Holter monitoring and programmed ventricular stimulation were repeated. The data of these tests, however, were not used to guide the therapy that remained empiric, but served only to assess retrospectively the predictive value of Holter monitoring and ventricular stimulation. The following main results were obtained: The mean duration of follow-up was 25 +/- 13 months. During this period 6 @entity1 (32%) died, 3 from sudden and 3 from non-sudden @entity204 . Two other @entity1 had recurrence of sustained @entity943 . After 15 days of therapy @entity2643 was effective at Holter monitoring in 15 @entity1 (79%) and not effective in 4 (21%). Two of the 15 @entity1 considered responders died suddenly during the follow-up and 2 had arrhythmic recurrence, vs 1 of the 4 non-responder @entity1 who died suddenly (negative predictive value of Holter monitoring: 73%; positive predictive value: 25%; predictive accuracy: 63%). After 15 days of therapy @entity2643 was effective at ventricular stimulation in 10 @entity1 (53%) and not effective in 9 (47%). None of the 10 @entity1 considered responders had arrhythmic events during the follow-up, vs 5 of the 9 non-responders, 3 of whom died suddenly and 2 of whom had arrhythmic recurrences (negative predictive value of ventricular stimulation: 100%; positive predictive value: 56%; predictive accuracy: 79%). Only 1 @entity1 discontinued @entity2643 after 25 months of follow-up because of development of an important blue-grey @entity272 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of malignant XXXX with @entity2643 : comparison of empirical administration and administration guided by Holter or ventricular stimulation. Results of the parallel test].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin discoloration']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5426 is a rare @entity5 of vascular origin with a high rate of @entity3 and poor prognosis. We report one such rare case of spontaneous @entity9440 , along with a review of current literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 30 year old @entity1 presented to our emergency services with severe @entity490 , distension, @entity551 and @entity381 . Investigations revealed a marked @entity417 , @entity1003 , severe @entity8193 , and @entity810 . Imaging demonstrated @entity381 with acute @entity548 and @entity3329 . Laparotomy and splenectomy revealed piecemeal spleen and nodular omentum. The @entity1 suffered an intra-operative @entity1167 , and despite successful resuscitation, fatally arrested postoperatively in ICU. Histology revealed a primary @entity5426 with omental @entity3 . DISCUSSION: Primary @entity5426 was first reported in 1879, with only 200 cases reported to date, largely as isolated case reports, with an annual incidence of 0.14-0.25 per million. With variable symptomatology and a potential to present with life-threatening complications, early diagnosis is paramount. CT scanning shows distinctive changes and is invaluable in disease assessment. Tissue diagnosis is often possible only after splenectomy. @entity1409 carries the worst prognosis. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity5426 is a rare and aggressive @entity5 that often presents with @entity3 , and largely carries a dismal prognosis. Definitive diagnosis is challenging, but imaging with CT scanning can show characteristic changes and establish any @entity3 . With no established adjuvant therapy long term outlook remains poor even if treated successfully by surgery.

title: @entity5426 presenting as spontaneous XXXX : A rare case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcoma of the spleen', 'splenic angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: This phase 1/2 trial evaluated combination @entity6985 , @entity1749 , pegylated liposomal @entity632 , and @entity619 (RVDD) in newly diagnosed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 . @entity1 received RVDD at 4 dose levels, including the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity1 with a very good partial response or better (>=  VGPR) after cycle 4 proceeded to autologous stem cell transplantation or continued treatment. The primary objectives were MTD evaluation and response to RVDD after 4 and 8 cycles. Seventy-two @entity1 received a median of 4.5 cycles. The MTDs were @entity6985 25 mg, @entity1749 1.3 mg/m(2), pegylated liposomal @entity632 30 mg/m(2), and @entity619 20/10 mg, as established with 3-week cycles. The most common adverse events were @entity1295 , @entity16 , and @entity281 ; there was no treatment-related mortality. Response rates after 4 and 8 cycles were 96% and 95% partial response or better, 57% and 65% >=  VGPR, and 29% and 35% complete or near-complete response, respectively. After a median follow-up of 15.5 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were not reached. The estimated 18-month PFS and @entity1349 were 80.8% and 98.6%, respectively. RVDD was generally well tolerated and highly active, warranting further study in newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 . This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00724568.

title: XXXX , @entity1749 , pegylated liposomal @entity632 , and @entity619 in newly diagnosed @entity1582 : a phase 1/2 Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['constipation, sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['Lenalidomide']


abstract: AIMS: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are circulating pluripotent vascular cells capable of enhancing re-endothelialization and diminishing @entity8233 following @entity1317 . @entity9459 is a protein kinase that has been implicated in the regulation of progenitor cell biology. We hypothesized that EPC abundance and function could be enhanced with the use of an inhibitor of @entity9459 (GSKi), thereby resulting in improved arterial repair. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 EPCs were expanded ex vivo, treated with a specific GSKi, and then assessed for both yield and functional characteristics by in vitro assays for adherence, apoptosis, and survival. In vivo functionality of treated @entity1 EPCs was assessed in immune-tolerant @entity19 subjected to femoral @entity1317 . Re-endothelialization was assessed at 72 h and @entity8233 at 7 and 14 days following injury. GSKi treatment resulted in an improvement in the yield of EPCs and a reduction in apoptosis in cells derived from both healthy controls and @entity1 with @entity453 . Treatment also increased @entity7 secretion, up-regulated expression of mRNA for the @entity1293 integrin subunit, and improved adhesion, an effect which could be abrogated with an @entity1293 integrin blocking antibody. EPCs without or with ex vivo GSKi treatment enhanced re-endothelialization 72 h following injury as well as reduced @entity8233 at 7 days (e.g. endothelial coverage: 7.2 +/- 1.7% vs. 70.7 +/- 5.8% vs. 87.2 +/- 4.1%; intima to media ratios: 1.05 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.02; P < 0.05 for all comparisons), an effect that was persistent at 14 days. CONCLUSION: GSKi improves the functional profile of EPCs and is associated with improved re-endothelialization and reduced @entity8233 following injury.

title: Inhibition of endothelial progenitor cell glycogen synthase kinase-3beta results in attenuated neointima formation and enhanced re-endothelialization after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'artery wire injury']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta', 'GSK-3beta']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima formation']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the intra- and interreader reliability and the sensitivity to change of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) @entity309 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS) system on digital images of the wrist joints of @entity1 with early or established @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Ten sets of baseline and 1-year followup MR images of the wrists of @entity1 with progressive changes on conventional hand radiographs were scored independently by 4 readers on 2 consecutive days, preceded by reader training and calibration. The MR images were acquired and scored according to the recommendations from the OMERACT MRI group. The intra- and interreader agreement (evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]) and the sensitivity to change (evaluated by the smallest detectable difference [SDD]) were determined for scores of @entity603 , @entity2681 , and @entity236 status and for change scores. RESULTS: Intrareader ICCs were generally very high, both for status scores (median baseline and followup 0.89 and 0.90 for @entity603 , 0.91 and 0.90 for @entity2681 , and 0.90 and 0.98 for @entity4 ) and for change scores (median 0.80 for @entity603 , 0.96 for @entity2681 , and 0.97 for @entity4 ). The SDDs were generally low, suggesting a high potential to detect changes. Interreader single-measure ICCs were high for status scores (mean baseline and followup 0.69 and 0.78 for @entity603 , 0.83 and 0.73 for @entity2681 , and 0.79 and 0.95 for @entity4 ) and for change scores (mean 0.74 for @entity603 , 0.67 for @entity2681 , and 0.95 for @entity4 ). The average-measure ICCs were > or =0.94 for all components of both the status scores and change scores. CONCLUSION: The RAMRIS showed very good intrareader reliability, good interreader reliability, and a high level of sensitivity to change. The results suggest that the RAMRIS may be a suitable system for use in monitoring @entity32 and destruction in @entity309 .

title: Reliability and sensitivity to change of the OMERACT XXXX magnetic resonance imaging score in a multireader, longitudinal setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Total knee replacement (TKR) produces severe @entity282 . @entity1897 can be used as analgesic adjuncts for TKR, but the efficacy of femoral @entity616 alone is controversial. The sciatic nerve innervates posterior regions of the knee; thus, performance of both @entity2096 may be necessary to improve analgesia after TKR. We performed this study to determine whether peripheral @entity616 improve analgesia after TKR. In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 36 @entity1 undergoing TKR received either femoral, sciatic-femoral, or sham @entity616 after a standardized spinal anesthetic. Further postoperative analgesia was provided by @entity1 -controlled i.v. @entity1286 and @entity6058 . @entity158 at rest and with physical therapy, @entity1286 use, @entity390 , @entity111 , sedation, and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed. @entity1 receiving peripheral @entity616 reported better analgesia at rest for at least 8 h after transfer to the hospital ward (P < 0.05). @entity1286 use was decreased by approximately 50% in the peripheral nerve block groups until the second postoperative day (P < 0.02). Side effect profiles and @entity1 satisfaction were similar between groups. We conclude that femoral @entity616 improve analgesia and decrease @entity1286 use after TKR. The addition of a sciatic nerve @entity616 did not further improve analgesic efficacy. IMPLICATIONS: Performance of femoral @entity616 improves analgesia and decreases the need for @entity1286 after total knee replacement surgery. The addition of a sciatic nerve @entity616 does not provide additional benefits.

title: XXXX improve analgesia after total knee replacement surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve blocks']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic and femoral nerve blocks']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['block to the femoral nerve block', 'nerve blocks']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral nerve blocks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal surgical approach and fixation method for distal biceps tendon @entity397 . The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review comparing the results of the various surgical approaches and repair techniques for @entity697 . METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases for all published randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, or case series that involved primary repairs of @entity697 with use of a cortical button, intraosseous screws, suture anchors, or bone tunnels for fixation. Exclusion criteria included case reports, cadaveric studies, repairs of partial @entity397 , revision repairs, and multiple methods of fixation in the same @entity1 . Statistical analysis was performed with use of the chi-square test. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of @entity1 was 494 (498 elbows). The complication rate was 24.5% (122 of 498 elbows) overall, and it was 23.9% (seventy-eight of 327) for one-incision procedures and 25.7% (forty-four of 171) for two-incision procedures (p = 0.32). The complication rate was 26.4% (seventy-five of 284) for suture anchors, 20.4% (thirty-four of 167) for bone tunnels, 44.8% (thirteen of twenty-nine) for intraosseous screws, and 0% (zero of eighteen) for cortical button fixation. The complication rate for use of bone tunnels was significantly lower than that for intraosseous screws (p < 0.01). Similarly, the cortical button method proved superior to intraosseous screws (p = 0.01). The most common complication was lateral antebrachial @entity129 (9.6% across all studies, 11.6% for one incision, and 5.8% for two incisions). CONCLUSIONS: The complication rate did not differ significantly between one and two-incision distal biceps repairs; however, the bone tunnel and cortical button methods had significantly lower complication rates compared with suture anchors and intraosseous screws. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal number of incisions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Repair techniques for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous nerve neurapraxia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute distal biceps tendon ruptures']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute distal biceps tendon ruptures']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity7477 , a selective long-acting alpha-1-adrenergic blocker, were evaluated in 45 normotensive @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 ranging from 50 to 76 years old. All @entity1 underwent a complete urodynamic evaluation and transrectal prostatic ultrasonography before enrollment into the study. The dose of @entity7477 was titrated to 5 mg. per day for a 1-month interval, provided @entity137 were not observed. Of the @entity1 39 (87%) completed the dose titration study. The parameters used to assess the effectiveness of @entity7477 included peak and mean urinary flow rates, micturition symptom scores and the global assessment by the @entity1 of symptomatic improvement. @entity551 changed by less than 1%. The peak and mean urinary flow rates increased by 42 and 48%, respectively. The obstructive and irritative symptom scores improved by 63 and 35%, respectively. Over-all, 30 of the 45 @entity1 (67%) indicated that the voiding symptoms were markedly improved while on @entity7477 . Five @entity1 did not complete the dose titration study due to development of @entity137 , including @entity323 (7%), tiredness (7%), light- @entity1296 (4%), palpitations (4%), nasal congestion (2%) and asymptomatic @entity551 (2%). There were 25 @entity1 (55%) followed on @entity7477 for 4 to 10 months (mean 6.5 months). The improvements in urinary flow rates and symptom scores were maintained for this interval. Although this preliminary experience with @entity7477 is encouraging, the ultimate role of @entity7477 for the long-term treatment of @entity1067 needs further evaluation.

title: A dose titration study evaluating @entity7477 , a selective, once-a-day alpha 1-blocker for the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['headedness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'Over-all, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Hippocampus volumes have been shown to be decreased in @entity1 with @entity308 , but volume measurements are inconsistent in @entity1 with @entity162 . Both disorders are associated with deficits in hippocampus-mediated cognitive functions. However, the underlying pathophysiology is widely unknown. In this post-mortem study, we used design-based stereology on Nissl-stained serial sections to investigate the number of neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in substructures of the posterior hippocampus in eight @entity1 with @entity308 , eight @entity1 with @entity162 and ten control @entity1 without a @entity146 . Compared to controls, @entity1 with @entity162 had significantly more neurons in the cornu ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) and the subiculum, while the number of oligodendrocytes was higher only in CA1. In @entity1 with @entity308 , the density of oligodendrocytes was higher in @entity41520 , @entity3729 and the subiculum. The dose of antidepressants correlated with the density and number  of oligodendrocytes in @entity41520 , indicating that antidepressants may  affect our results. Treatment with neuroleptics expressed in @entity2644 equivalents and @entity1245 expressed in @entity3175 equivalents correlated negatively with the number of oligodendrocytes in @entity41520 and @entity3729 , respectively, suggesting that treatment with these drugs do not influence cell number. We did not detect alterations in either volumes of substructures or numbers of astrocytes. Increased cell numbers argue for a denser packing of neurons and oligodendrocytes as a result of a decreased neuropils. This neuropathological process may be based on @entity245 and may contribute to altered microconnectivity and @entity73 in @entity1316 .

title: Stereological investigation of the posterior hippocampus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: This study aims to evaluate the impact of @entity342 therapy on metabolic and inflammatoy profiles in male @entity6126 @entity1 . Forty cases with @entity6126 and 80 controls were enrolled. Clinical data were collected (age, weight, height, waist circonference and androgenothearapy). Blood tests were performed to evaluate @entity251 , homeostasis index modal assessment (HOMA-IR), lipids and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). Among @entity6126 @entity1 , 14 of them were treated for 4 +/- 3.4 years. Amongst them @entity251 levels were significantly elevated comparatively to non-treated @entity1 and significantly lower than controls. Significant differences were noted on waist circumference between non treated @entity1 and controls. Body mass index and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in non-treated @entity1 . Triglycerides and HDLc were significantly decreased respectively in treated and non-treated @entity1 . However, @entity1851 levels were significantly decreased in controls. In conclusion, @entity342 therapy appeared to protect against @entity28 , insulin resistance, and @entity407 . Effects on systemic @entity32 seemed to be more discrete. @entity251 substitution should be strongly indicated in daily practice with careful prostate monitoring.

title: Impact of XXXX therapy on metabolic and inflammatory profiles in male hypogonadism.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypogonadism', 'hypogonadic']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) is associated with @entity64 , recurrent transient @entity51 , @entity387 , decompression illness and @entity2704 with aura. AIM: We verify cryptogenic @entity887 recurrence after transcatheter @entity4616 closure in @entity1 younger than 55 years old, and determine the prevalence of @entity2795 before and after @entity4616 closure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We sent a questionnaire concerning the recurrence of @entity64 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and the presence of @entity2704 symptoms before and after @entity4616 closure to 224 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 40.9   9 years; 103 @entity1 ; 108 @entity1 < 40 years old, 116 @entity1 40-55 years old) after successful @entity4616 transcatheter closure as secondary prevention of cryptogenic @entity887 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 37.8   32.5 (median 27) months. @entity64 or @entity63 recurred in 6 @entity1 (2.6%), all of whom were over 40 years old at the time of closure. The median time of recurrence was 24 months. Two @entity1 (0.89%) died, but the deaths were not related to the device nor to @entity1031 . @entity2704 occurred in the study group before closure in 68 (30.4%) @entity1 . After the procedure 55 (80.9%) reported improvement or disappearance of @entity2704 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent strokes after @entity4616 closure are rare, and they occur more often in @entity1 over 40 years old at the time of closure. The @entity4616 closure results in @entity2704 subsiding or symptoms noticeably ameliorating.

title: " @entity2704 " and @entity64 recurrence in late follow-up after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure as secondary prevention of cryptogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cryptogenic strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine', 'migraines']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['PFO', 'Patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']