abstract: An impairment of @entity701 synthesis can be assumed for the new antimycotic @entity2380 based on its chemical structure ( @entity10998 derivative) and mechanism of action (inhibition of @entity12364 synthesis). In healthy volunteers, however, no influence on @entity134 hormone production could be found. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether this is also true for critically ill, long-term @entity1 in an intensive care unit. The basal @entity701 and @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay in 11 @entity1 being treated with antimycotics at fixed times. Antimycotic treatment was carried out using either @entity2380 (n = 6) or a combination of @entity2379 and @entity4895 (n = 5) for 14 days. Seven days after cessation of the treatment the above-mentioned hormones were again determined. @entity1 with the same baseline criteria who did not require antimycotic treatment (n = 8) served as controls. During the entire study period adequate @entity701 synthesis was found after @entity4545 stimulation in all three @entity1 groups. They all presented with relatively raised basal @entity701 levels (range 16.4-31.0 micrograms dl-1) and an increase in @entity4545 -stimulated @entity701 synthesis from 31% (group ampho B/ @entity4895 ) to 78% (group @entity2380 ). The basal @entity4545 values were always within the normal range (9.2-16.4 pg ml-1). Neither the basal @entity4545 levels nor the basal @entity701 levels as well as the @entity701 levels determined after the @entity4545 test showed adrenocortical suppression in the @entity1 of all three groups. Thus, according to the present results clinically relevant impairment of @entity701 synthesis after treatment with @entity2380 can be excluded.

title: Function of the adrenal cortex during therapy with XXXX in intensive care @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19967 for 5% of @entity43 . Malignant transformation occurs in <0.3%, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. We report a @entity1 with follicular variant and tall cell variant of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) arising from @entity19967 and coexisting incidental @entity3557 in the thyroid. Mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing identified a novel germline mutation, @entity2467 @entity40939 mutation in the @entity5 and normal ovarian and thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed loss of @entity2467 expression in the PTCs. Activating mutations in @entity2467 play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis of @entity5 including @entity5310 , @entity674 , and a subset of @entity320 and @entity3052 . The @entity40939 mutation has only been reported in 3 previous cases: @entity3052 , aggressive @entity81 , and @entity694 . In the case of aggressive @entity81 , the @entity1 responded well to @entity2213 treatment. @entity2467 mutations have never been reported in @entity259 . This is the first case of @entity3557 -harboring @entity2467 mutation. Although more work needs to be done to elucidate the significance of this germline mutation, the response of the @entity81 @entity1 to @entity2213 may shed light on targeted therapy in @entity3557 harboring this mutation.

title: Struma Ovarii With @entity5 and Germline XXXX Mutation: A Case Report With Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratomas']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['Struma ovarii accounts', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['KIT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity172 loss has been related to higher incidence of @entity64 in postmenopausal @entity1 , but randomized trials have demonstrated an increased risk of @entity64 in @entity1 receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones and the risk of noncardioembolic @entity385 . METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, age-matched, case-control study in postmenopausal @entity1 (case: nonembolic @entity385 ; control: no @entity64 ) comparing duration of ovarian activity or lifetime @entity172 exposure, which was defined as age at menarche to age at menopause. @entity887 and unreliable gynecologic data were exclusion criteria. @entity65 risk factors were recorded. The relationships of the principal variables to the risk of @entity64 were assessed using a conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 430 cases and 905 controls in the study. In the multivariate analysis, @entity101 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.09 to 3.58; p < 0.0001), @entity6 (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 2.53 to 4.52; p < 0.0001), @entity407 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.7; p = 0.045), lifespan of ovarian activity <34 years (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.03; p = 0.005), and menarche at <13 years of age (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.92; p = 0.002) were independently related to an increased risk of @entity64 . Obesity (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95; p = 0.021) was related to a lower risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Longer lifetime exposure to ovarian @entity172 may protect against noncardioembolic @entity385 . However, a very early age of exposure onset could be disadvantageous.

title: Risk of @entity385 and lifetime XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the concentrations of the soluble receptors and their ligands of @entity5823 / @entity4209 and @entity2936 / @entity11603 systems in the serum of @entity1 with @entity43 and in the @entity42 fluid of @entity1 with @entity9296 serosum. The study included 120 @entity1 with @entity43 . As a control, sera were obtained from 60 healthy female volunteers. Concentrations of the sCD30, sCD30L, sCD40 and sCD40L in the serum and the @entity42 fluid were measured by ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of both sCD30 and sCD30L in serum of @entity1 with @entity43 were significantly higher than in control (p < 0.0001). The highest serum receptor and its ligand levels were observed in @entity1 with @entity43 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, results showed significantly increased levels of sCD40 and sCD40L serum in @entity1 with @entity43 , as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The highest concentration of sCD40 in the serum of @entity1 with @entity43 and sCD40L in serum of @entity1 with @entity44 maturum (p < 0.0001) were observed. Impaired apoptosis among @entity1 with @entity43 is associated with the impairments of soluble @entity5823 / @entity4209 and @entity2936 / @entity11603 systems. Measurement of studied parameter concentrations in serum of @entity1 with @entity43 has been suggested to be a potential tool in monitoring of inflammatory. Evaluation of sCD30, sCD30L and sCD40 might be an early diagnostic marker in @entity1 with the @entity43 . Concentrations of the studied parameters in the @entity42 fluid higher than the serum values suggest local suppression of the immune response. However, the final evaluation of the importance of measurement of serum levels of them requires further investigation.

title: Imbalance in serum soluble @entity5823 / @entity4209 and @entity2936 / XXXX systems are associated with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian tumor', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Teratoma']

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of different @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo techniques in excretory MR urography. In 74 urologic @entity1 , excretory MR urography was performed using various T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) sequences after injection of @entity7241 and low-dose @entity1483 . The examinations included conventional GRE sequences and echo-planar imaging (GRE EPI), both obtained with 3D data sets and 2D projection images. Breath-hold acquisition was used primarily. In 20 of 74 examinations, we compared breath-hold imaging with respiratory gating. Breath-hold imaging was significantly superior to respiratory gating for the visualization of pelvicaliceal systems, but not for the ureters. Complete MR urograms were obtained within 14-20 s using 3D GRE EPI sequences and in 20-30 s with conventional 3D GRE sequences. Ghost artefacts caused by ureteral peristalsis often occurred with conventional 3D GRE imaging and were almost completely suppressed in EPI sequences (p < 0.0001). Susceptibility effects were more pronounced on GRE EPI MR urograms and calculi measured 0.8-21.7% greater in diameter compared with conventional GRE sequences. Increased spatial resolution degraded the image quality only in GRE-EPI urograms. In projection MR urography, the entire pelvicaliceal system was imaged by acquisition of a fast single-slice sequence and the conventional 2D GRE technique provided superior morphological accuracy than 2D GRE EPI projection images (p < 0.0003). Fast 3D GRE EPI sequences improve the clinical practicability of excretory MR urography especially in old or critically ill @entity1 unable to suspend breathing for more than 20 s. Conventional GRE sequences are superior to EPI in high-resolution detail MR urograms and in projection imaging.

title: Diuretic-enhanced XXXX excretory MR urography: comparison of conventional gradient-echo sequences and echo-planar imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was design to evaluate the pattern electroretinogram in the diagnosis of early changes in visual function of @entity1 with @entity2743 without perimetrical signs of @entity1781 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 eyes from ten @entity1 , mean age 36 +/- 6.8 SD. comprising (7 F and 3 M) with @entity24481 , affected by (1-4) NOSPECS severity class were enrolled in the study. 22 eyes from eleven healthy volunteers served as a control. The pattern electroretinogram was recorded with TE-1000 headset electrode using PRIMUS 2,5 (Tomey). The temporal frequency of PERG was 2 Hz and the check size was 10. Student's t-test was used for the statistical analysis of mean and standard deviations. Statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Cut-off points, sensitivity and specificity of the pattern elektroretinogram parameters assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves were performed by Medcalc RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity2743 a significantly decreased @entity2451 amplitude was found (2.04 +/- 0.99 vs. 2.69 +/- 0.88 in healthy controls). Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis revealed a high sensitivity of @entity2451 amplitude and N95- @entity2451 amplitude for discrimination between @entity2743 and healthy group (78.9% and 81.8%, respectively). The specificity of @entity2451 amplitude was fairly high (63.6%) while N95- @entity2451 amplitude was rather low (47.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of the @entity2451 amplitude could be a marker of an early ischemic @entity1781 in @entity1 with @entity2743 . The evaluation of the pattern electroretinogram @entity2451 and N95- @entity2451 amplitude might be a fairly sensitive test for screening @entity1781 .

title: Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in the early diagnosis of @entity1781 in the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' orbitopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuropathy', 'dysthyroid optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve dysfunction']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' orbitopathy']


abstract: The authors report a case of pneumothorax in a young @entity1 suffering from @entity358 . They take this observation as a starting point for discussing about the so-called "histiocytosis X". The term "histiocytosis" is a term for a variety of proliferative disorders of histiocytes or macrophages. There is a small cluster of conditions characterized by proliferation of a special type of histiocyte called the "Langerhans' cell". The proliferation of Langerhans' cells results from disturbances in immunoregulation. Particularly, there are three clinicopathologic entities: * @entity1222 (acute disseminated Langerhans' cells histiocytosis), *multifocal eosinophilic @entity738 or Hand-Sch  ller-Christian disease (multifocal Langerhans' cells histiocytosis), *unifocal eosinophilic @entity738 (unifocal Langerhans' cells histiocytosis). In the past, these were collected in the not specific term of histiocytosis X. Most @entity1 with @entity1222 limited to the lung, only a small proportion have extrapulmonary involvement or a @entity74 . Typically, there are expanding, erosive accumulations of Langerhans' cells within the medullary cavities of bones. In this reported case, a @entity1 , two years before, was affected by @entity690 in the left femur. @entity358 is often seen in smokers in the third and fourth decade of life. The 20% of @entity1 are asymptomatic and found to have an abnormal chest radiograph; a lesser proportion presents with pneumothorax. Some @entity1 develop progressive @entity358 and @entity1576 . Chest radiographs may show bilateral reticular or reticulonodular infiltrates, sometimes with cystic changes, often with sparing of the costophrenic angles, but high resolution computerized tomography scans may be virtually diagnostic based on the predilection of the cysts and nodules for the upper lung zones. Sometimes the typical Langerhans' cells may be recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of @entity1 with active disease. The combination of the characteristic CT findings and Langerhans' cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid should be diagnostic, decreasing the number of cases requiring for diagnosis open lung biopsy. The differential diagnosis is with @entity370 , tbc, diffuse metastases, @entity706 , @entity5930 , fibrosing @entity401 .

title: [Pneumothorax secondary to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Letterer-Siwe disease', "Langerhans' cell granulomatosis have diseases"]

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung disease', 'pulmonary histiocytosis', 'Pulmonary histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['pulmonary histiocytosis X']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excess tissue matrix accumulates in @entity785 ( @entity785 ), accounting for both visceral and dermal @entity82 . It is suggested that decreased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or increased levels of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may account for this matrix accumulation. OBJECTIVE: To measure serum levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and collagenase-1 ( @entity3334 ), in @entity1 with @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ), limited cutaneous @entity785 (lcSSc), primary @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ), and in normal controls. METHODS: Serum samples from @entity1 with @entity7087 (n=83), lcSSc (n=87), @entity2407 (n=80), and normal controls (n=98) were analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for total @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and @entity3334 . Results from each assay were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Dunn's multiple comparison post-test was then applied between groups. RESULTS: @entity2843 levels were significantly raised in @entity7087 and lcSSc groups compared with the @entity2407 group and normal controls (p<0.01 to p<0.001). In the @entity7087 group, @entity2843 levels were significantly higher in early disease (<2 years) than in late stage disease (>4 years) (p<0.05). This was not found for the lcSSc group. Serum @entity1552 and @entity3334 levels in @entity7087 and lcSSc did not differ significantly from those in normal controls. Increased levels of TIMPs were not convincingly associated with organ disease. No assay result correlated with autoantibody status (anti-topoisomerase 1 (anti-Scl-70), anticentromere antibody, or anti-RNA polymerase). No significant differences in serum @entity2843 , @entity1552 , or @entity3334 levels were shown in the @entity2407 group compared with normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Raised @entity2843 levels in the @entity785 groups support the hypothesis that matrix accumulation occurs in @entity785 at least in part owing to decreased degradation. Moreover, the variation in @entity2843 levels between the early and late disease stages of @entity7087 seems to reflect the early progressive course of dermal @entity82 seen clinically. The expected reduction in serum @entity3334 levels in the @entity785 groups was not found. This suggests that tissue matrix accumulation is due to increased inhibitors rather than to decreased MMPs.

title: Serum @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and @entity3334 in @entity1 with XXXX , primary @entity2407 , and in normal controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon", 'RP']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dcSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the left @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) in the lower neck area by using contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ). METHODS: In 156 consecutive subjects who performed the contrast-enhanced chest CT, examinations were retrospectively reviewed. The diameters of the left @entity1157 were measured by using CT. Depending on the diameter of the left @entity1157 , the @entity1157 were classified into four grades: grade 0 (no identification of @entity1157 ), grade I (diameter <5mm), grade II (diameters >= 5mm and <10mm), and grade III (diameter >= 10mm). Depending on the liver status, all 156 subjects were divided into three groups: (a) noncirrhotic liver group (n=55), (b) compensated @entity1575 group (n=88), and (c) decompensated @entity1575 group (n=13). RESULTS: Among the 156 @entity1157 , 81 (52%), 60 (39%), 10 (6%), and only 4 (3%) were assigned to the grade 0, I, II, and III, respectively. The noncirrhotic liver group included 45 (82%) grade 0 and 10 (18%) grade I subjects. The compensated @entity1575 group included 37 (42%) grade 0, 50 (57%) grade I, and 1 (1%) grade II subjects. In contrast, the decompensated @entity1575 group included 9 (69%) grade II and 4 (31%) grade III subjects. CONCLUSION: When reviewed the contrast-enhanced chest CT, the left @entity1157 can be identified more frequently in subjects with @entity1575 than in those with noncirrhotic liver. Furthermore, the degree of @entity384 may be associated with the severity of @entity1575 .

title: Evaluation of the left neck XXXX in cirrhosis with computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['left DTD dilation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['DTD', 'distal thoracic duct', 'left DTD configurations']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['distal thoracic duct']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression has been linked to gynecological @entity146 . The objective of this study was to determine @entity1476 , @entity1917 , and @entity1495 and @entity2843 and @entity1552 expression in @entity1478 and their relation to clinical and histologic parameters. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 samples from 50 @entity1 with @entity1204 treated between 1999 and 2004 were stained with specific monoclonal antibodies. The @entity5 were grouped according to the FIGO classification. The staining results were compared to histologic and clinical data. Semiquantitative analysis of MMP and @entity2843 expression showed a significant difference in @entity1552 expression according to the histologic subtype (P = 0.03) and also a trend towards a difference in @entity1495 expression (P = 0.05). @entity1476 expression increased and @entity1552 expression fell as the histologic grade increased (P = 0.0007, P < 0.0001, respectively). @entity1476 expression correlated with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.04), while @entity1552 expression correlated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P = 0.01), vasculolymphatic space involvement (P = 0.02), and lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.0003). These results support the involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in @entity1204 growth and progression. High @entity1476 and low @entity1552 expression were the most potent markers of @entity1204 with a high risk of local and distant spread.

title: XXXX invasiveness is related to metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 expressions.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial tumor', 'endometrial tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies reported that @entity46 could behave as a neoplasmatic process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the family risk of @entity43 in @entity1 with @entity46 . STUDY DESIGN: A search of medical records at the Yale New Haven Hospital from 1996 to 2002 identified 348 @entity1 with @entity46 and 179 @entity1 without @entity46 . All the cases were diagnosed by laparoscopy. Demographic characteristics were evaluated in @entity1 with positive or negative family history of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity46 . RESULTS: The overall risk of @entity1 with @entity46 and positive family history of @entity5 was 7.7 (95% confidence interval 3.8-15.7) (chi(2)=39.8, P<0.001). Significant excess was observed for @entity43 in first- and second-degree relatives (OR=10.5, 95% CI (2.5-44.2), chi(2)=14.3, P<0.001), @entity694 (OR=7.5, 95% CI (2.7-21.1), chi(2)=18.2, P<0.001) and prostate @entity5 (OR=4.5, 95% CI (14-15.3), chi(2)=6.1, P<0.001). We found similar results in first- and second-degree relatives with @entity43 . Moreover, we found similar results regarding the demographic characteristics in @entity1 with positive family history of @entity5 and in @entity1 with negative history. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a familial association of @entity43 . This evidence could support the genetics and molecular similarities between @entity46 and @entity5 . Future studies will be important to determine a clear genetic link between @entity46 and @entity5 .

title: Endometriosis related to family history of XXXX in the Yale series.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, colon and prostate cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and colon cancer', 'endometriosis with ovarian, colon and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) is an increasingly recognized clinical entity. The optimal initial treatment strategy in adults with @entity5202 remains controversial. The aim of this study was to employ a decision analysis model to determine the less costly option between the two most commonly employed treatment strategies in @entity5202 . We constructed a model for an index case of a @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity5202 who continues to be symptomatic despite proton-pump inhibitor therapy. The following treatment strategies were included: (i) swallowed @entity5023 inhaler (followed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD] with dilation if ineffective); and (ii) EGD with dilation (followed by swallowed @entity5023 inhaler if ineffective). The time horizon was 1 year. The model focused on cost analysis of initial treatment strategies. The perspective of the healthcare payer was used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the model. For every @entity1 whose symptoms improved or resolved with the strategy of @entity5023 first followed by EGD, if necessary, it cost an average of  1078. Similarly, it cost an average of  1171 per @entity1 if EGD with dilation was employed first. Sensitivity analyses indicated that initial treatment with @entity5023 was the less costly strategy to improve @entity1282 symptoms as long as the effectiveness of @entity5023 remains at or above 0.62. Swallowed @entity5023 inhaler (followed by EGD with dilation if necessary) is the more economical initial strategy when compared with EGD with dilation first.

title: XXXX : dilate or medicate? A cost analysis model of the choice of initial therapy.

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'EoE']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: This report describes the prescribing pattern of therapeutic interventions in the management of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), as observed in the Epidemiologic Study of @entity1577 (ESCF). Use of 20 therapies by 12,622 @entity1 was recorded from each health care encounter (53,024 outpatient visits and 8,561 hospitalizations) during a 1-year period (1995), and analyzed by gender, age, severity of @entity358 , and presence of any Pseudomonas species in the respiratory tract. The percentage of @entity1 using the following pulmonary therapies was observed (in descending order): airway clearance techniques (88.2%); inhaled bronchodilators (82.2%); oral antibiotics (excluding @entity5176 ) (68. 2%); dornase alfa (52.9%); intravenous antibiotics (34.4%); oral @entity5176 (34.4%); inhaled antibiotics (34.3%); mast cell stabilizers (29.5%); inhaled corticosteroids (25.9%); oral @entity288 (17.1%); oral bronchodilators (16.2%); @entity26 (8. 1%); inhaled mucolytic agent @entity898 (6.5%); and diuretics (1.4%). The percentage of @entity1 using nutritional therapies was: pancreatic enzymes (96%); oral nutritional supplements (31.1%); enteral nutrition (7.3%); and parenteral nutrition (0.7%). The percentage of @entity1 using other therapies was: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (7.9%); and insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents (6.1%). The general trend was for therapies to be used more by older @entity1 , those with lower pulmonary function, and by those with Pseudomonas in their respiratory tract. Exceptions to this trend occurred for airway clearance, oral antibiotics, mast cell stabilizers, and pancreatic enzymes. Four therapies (oral nutritional supplements, parenteral nutrition, diuretics, and pancreatic enzymes) were used more by males than females. However, there was no gender difference for this group of therapies on pulmonary or nutritional status.

title: Patterns of medical practice in @entity1577 : part II. Use of therapies. Investigators and Coordinators of the Epidemiologic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of @entity546 with @entity542 . METHODS: The first annular incision line was designed, reserving the inner plate 0.5 -0.8 cm. The second annular incision line was determined, according to the length of penile erection. The skin tissue between the double loops was stripped, reserving the superficial fascia and the superficial dorsal veins. Before the closure of two annual incision with no tension, the superficial fascia tissue was pushed proximally and fixed sectionally to augment penis. RESULTS: From @entity1178 2009 to @entity1178 2011, 60 @entity1 with redundant prepuce or @entity5372 were treated with this method. During 3 to 12 months follow-up, the postoperative penile perimeter increased significantly. The glans were exposed and the prepuce looked smooth. The function of the penis maintained undamaged. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity546 with @entity542 can make full use of autologous tissue to augment penis, meanwhile, redundant prepuce can be resected. It is very practical for clinical application.

title: [Clinical experience of XXXX with @entity542 : a report of 60 cases].

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['superficial fascia retrocession']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile augmentation']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile augmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care policies in many countries aim to enable @entity1 with @entity303 to live in their own homes as long as possible. However, at some point during the disease the needs of a significant number of @entity1 with @entity303 cannot be appropriately met at home and institutional care is required. Evidence as to best practice strategies enabling @entity1 with @entity303 to live at home as long as possible and also identifying the right time to trigger admission to a long-term nursing care facility is therefore urgently required. The current paper presents the rationale and methods of a study generating primary data for best-practice development in the transition from home towards institutional nursing care for @entity1 with @entity303 and their informal caregivers. The study has two main objectives: 1) investigate country-specific factors influencing institutionalization and 2) investigate the circumstances of @entity1 with @entity303 and their informal caregivers in eight European countries. Additionally, data for economic evaluation purposes are being collected. METHODS/DESIGN: This paper describes a prospective study, conducted in eight European countries (Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, United Kingdom). A baseline assessment and follow-up measurement after 3 months will be performed. Two groups of @entity1 with @entity303 and their informal caregivers will be included: 1) newly admitted to institutional long-term nursing care facilities; and 2) receiving professional long-term home care, and being at risk for institutionalization. Data will be collected on outcomes for @entity1 with @entity303 (e.g. quality of life, quality of care), informal caregivers (e.g. caregiver burden, quality of life) and costs (e.g. resource utilization). Statistical analyses consist of descriptive and multivariate regression techniques and cross-country comparisons. DISCUSSION: The current study, which is part of a large European project 'RightTimePlaceCare', generates primary data on outcomes and costs of long-term nursing care for @entity1 with @entity303 and their informal caregivers, specifically focusing on the transition from home towards institutional care. Together with data collected in three other work packages, knowledge gathered in this study will be used to inform and empower @entity1 , professionals, policy and related decision makers to manage and improve health and social @entity303 care services.

title: A European study investigating patterns of transition from home care towards institutional XXXX care: the protocol of a RightTimePlaceCare study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, @entity1 have to wait until assessed by a physician for @entity4784 to be administered, which contributes to delays to @entity1337 . Western Hospital developed a protocol enabling nurses to initiate @entity4784 prior to medical assessment for selected conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of this protocol on time to first opioid dose in @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity8 . METHODS: This was an explicit medical record review of all adult @entity1 with an @entity341 discharge diagnosis of @entity8 presenting to a metropolitan teaching hospital @entity341 . @entity1 were identified via the @entity341 data management system. Data collected included demographics, condition, triage category, time of presentation, whether @entity1337 was nurse-initiated or not, and interval from arrival to first opioid analgesic dose. The narcotic drug register for the relevant period was also searched to cross-check whether opiates were doctor- or nurse-initiated. RESULTS: There were 58 presentations in the nurse-initiated @entity4784 group and 99 in the non-nurse-initiated @entity1337 group. Groups were reasonably well matched for gender, triage category and time of presentation, but there was a higher proportion of biliary colic in the non-nurse-initiated @entity1337 group. Median time to first analgesic dose was 31 minutes in the nurse-initiated group and 57 minutes in the non-nurse-initiated @entity1337 group (effect size, 26 minutes; 95% confidence interval 16-36 min; p < 0.0001]. There were no major adverse events in either group. CONCLUSION: A nurse-initiated @entity4784 protocol reduces delays to @entity4784 for @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Nurse-initiated, titrated intravenous XXXX reduces time to @entity1337 for selected painful conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and biliary colic', 'renal or biliary colic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1074 with or without villous lymphocytes (SLVL/ @entity1074 ) is an @entity706 that typically affects elderly @entity1 and that has a median survival >10 years. It presents with marked @entity381 . Treatment is required in symptomatic cases. Splenectomy remains one of the first-line options in @entity1 fit for surgery. The best pharmacological strategy has not yet been identified for poor surgical risk cases. Among different possible chemotherapeutic approaches, @entity10043 analogs, alone or in association with Rituximab, seem to be a valid therapeutic choice. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1074 @entity1 were treated with @entity8778    anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: Forty-seven of 50 @entity1 were evaluable for response. ORR was 87%: 24 of 47 @entity1 (51%) achieved a complete hematological response (CR), 17 of 47 (36%) a partial response (PR) and 6 (13%) resulted unresponsive. Interestingly, 15 of 24 cases (62%) in CR achieved also a molecular remission. After a median follow-up of 48 months, 7 of 41 responsive cases relapsed and the 5-year PFS was 80%. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the efficacy of this schedule emphasizing the impact of minimal residual disease even in the outcome of @entity1074 @entity1 .

title: Significant efficacy of XXXX {+/-} rituximab in the treatment of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ): extended follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic marginal zone lymphoma', 'SMZL']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['2-chlorodeoxyadenosine']


abstract: Angiogenesis provides blood supply for @entity5 expansion and also increases the opportunity for @entity5 cells to enter the blood or lymph circulation. Several proangiogenic factors as well as the contribution of the microenvironment to @entity5 -induced @entity7499 have been identified. Among these, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the angiopoietin (Ang) family play a predominant role involved in the growth for endothelial cells. Tumor vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal because of an imbalance of these angiogenic regulators. In contrast to normal vessels, @entity5 vasculature is highly disorganized, tortuous and dilated, with uneven diameter and excessive branching. In other words, the morphologic features are likely to carry additional clues that, when used in conjunction with more established parameters, can improve the present diagnostic approaches. In our study, we present a new method that helps to capture the morphologic features from three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) images. After narrowing down the vessels into their skeletons using a 3-D thinning algorithm, we extracted seven features including vessel-to-volume ratio, number of vascular trees, number of bifurcation, mean of radius and three tortuosity measures, from the skeleton and applied a neural network to classify the @entity5 by using these features. In investigations into 221 solid @entity0 , including 110 benign and 111 malignant cases, the p values using the Student's t-test for all features were less than 0.05, indicating that the proposed features were deemed statistically significant. The A(Z) values for these seven features were 0.84, 0.87, 0.84, 0.75, 0.77, 0.79 and 0.69, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 80.09% (177 of 221), 80.18% (89 of 111), 80% (88 of 110), 80.18% (89 of 111) and 80% (88 of 110), respectively, with an A(Z) value of 0.89. The preliminary results show that the proposed method is feasible and has a good agreement with the diagnosis of the pathologists.

title: Computer algorithm for analysing XXXX @entity7499 using 3-D power Doppler ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: To analyze the value of real time RT-PCR for monitoring of @entity1861 expression in @entity1860 @entity1 after allogeneic or autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ), we generated pairs of PCR-primers and TaqMan probes specific for either the b2a2- or the b3a2-variant of @entity1861 . Either variant could be detected specifically from cDNA from a single K562 (b3a2) and @entity1 (b2a2) cell with the respective TaqMan probe. @entity1861 expression was normalized by comparison with @entity7501 expression, and samples were quantitated using standard cDNA dilutions from K562 or @entity1 cells. In a retrospective analysis 13 @entity1 with @entity1860 after allogeneic (n = 10) or autologous (n = 3) @entity8 including @entity1 with relapsed or persistent @entity1860 were analyzed by both real-time and conventional nested RT-PCR. In addition chimerism was monitored by FISH analysis of sex chromosomes in three @entity1 with @entity66 . The @entity1861 / @entity7501 ratio dropped at least 1000-fold in all seven @entity1 evaluable prior to and after allogeneic @entity8 as estimated by real-time RT-PCR, and conventional RT-PCR became negative in 6/7 @entity1 . In five @entity1 with relapsed or persistent disease after allogeneic @entity8 the @entity1861 / @entity7501 ratio eventually increased again, and real-time RT-PCR was as sensitive as conventional RT-PCR for detection of @entity1861 . Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were given to all five @entity1 , and the @entity1861 / @entity7501 ratio dropped to undetectable levels in two @entity1 both remaining in continuing molecular remission. In contrast, in three other @entity1 the @entity1861 / @entity7501 ratio decreased only or did not change significantly after DLI. In three @entity1 undergoing autologous @entity8 the @entity1861 / @entity7501 ratio dropped only 1.1 to 30-fold, and the @entity1 were tested positive with real-time RT-PCR at all time points. These data demonstrate that real-time RT-PCR is valuable to quantitate @entity1861 expression in @entity1860 @entity1 after transplantation.

title: Monitoring of @entity1861 expression using real-time RT-PCR in XXXX after bone marrow or peripheral blood @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: It has been reported that neurons generated in the adult brain show sex-specific differences in several brain regions of lower vertebrates and mammals. The present study questioned whether cell proliferation and survival in the adult @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) cerebellum, the most mitotically active area of adult teleost brain, is sexually differentiated. Adult @entity3392 were treated with the @entity1014 analogue @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) and allowed to survive for 24 h (short-term) and for 21 days (long-term). @entity1603 immunohistochemistry allowed visualization of cells incorporating @entity1603 at the S phase of mitosis. At short-term survival, male @entity3392 had a higher number of labelled cells at proliferation sites of the molecular layer of corpus cerebelli (CCe) and the granular layer of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum (LCa) than did females. In long-term survival, @entity1603 -positive cells were found at their final destination, but only the granular layer of the medial division of the valvula cerebelli showed sex-specific differences in the number of labelled cells. This higher mitotic activity in male cerebellum might be related to sex-specific motor behaviour observed in male @entity3392 . To investigate the role of programmed cell death, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated @entity1977 nick-end-labelling (TUNEL) method was applied. The vast majority of apoptotic figures occurred in the granular cell layer of valvula and CCe, only in a few cases within the @entity1603 -retaining cells. Apoptosis was found specifically at the sites of the final destination of proliferating cells, indicating that the close relation of cell birth and death might represent a possible plasticity mechanism in the adult @entity3392 cerebellum.

title: Sex differences in adult cell proliferation within the XXXX ( @entity3392 ) cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Azoospermia factor c (AZFc) subdeletions were reported to be significant risk factors for spermatogenesis. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of classical AZF deletions and AZFc subdeletions and their impact on @entity4810 in a Han-Chinese population. METHODS: This study analysed a population of 699 subjects, including 451 idiopathic @entity249 @entity1 with a range of @entity74 and 248 fertile controls, using a retrospective design. Deletions were identified by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence and phenotypes of the classical AZF deletions were similar to previous studies. Subdeletions of the AZFc region in @entity1 showed similar overall frequencies in all sperm concentration categories of gr/gr (7.0%) and @entity25657 (8.9%). For controls, these subdeletions were also found with a prevalence of gr/gr (7.7%) and @entity25657 (3.2%). @entity7445 deletions were not found either in the @entity1 or in the controls. CONCLUSION: Our data showed a higher frequency of deletion events in this Han-Chinese population than in populations elsewhere in the world. The classical AZF deletions were the primary genetic factors for spermatogenic failure, while no significant association was found for AZFc subdeletions with sperm concentration. However, the @entity25657 subdeletion was significantly associated with @entity4810 (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% confidence interval 1.34-6.39) (P = 0.005), indicating a potential impairment of male fertility.

title: A frequent Y chromosome XXXX subdeletion shows strong association with @entity4810 in Han-Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fertility disorders']

answer: @entity25657 :: (28907;680,Gene) :: ['b2/b3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature concerning the 2 primary hypotheses put forth to explain the pathogenesis of @entity17107 : "the @entity697 hypothesis" ( @entity17107 is a complication of @entity697 ) and "the @entity11401 " ( @entity17107 is an infection of Weber's glands). DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE. REVIEW METHODS: Data supporting or negating one hypothesis or the other were elicited from the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Several findings support the @entity697 hypothesis. First, the 2 main pathogens in @entity17107 have been recovered from pus aspirates and bilateral tonsillar tissues with high concordance rates, suggesting that both tonsils are infected in @entity1 with @entity17107 . Second, studies report signs of @entity697 in the days prior to and at the time of @entity17107 . Third, antibiotic treatment reduces the risk of abscess development in @entity1 with @entity697 . However, some findings suggest involvement of the Weber's glands in @entity17107 pathogenesis. First, high amylase levels have been found in peritonsillar pus. Second, the majority of peritonsillar abscesses are located at the superior tonsillar pole in proximity of the Weber's glands. We propose a unified hypothesis whereby @entity281 and spread via the salivary duct system to the peritonsillar space, where an abscess is formed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings support the rationale for antibiotic treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity697 to reduce the risk of abscess development. Improved understanding of @entity17107 pathogenesis is important for the development of efficient prevention strategies.

title: Peritonsillar Abscess: Complication of @entity697 or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bacteria initially infect the tonsillar mucosa']

entities_list: @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess']

entities_list: @entity11401 :: ('MESH:D020526', 'Disease') :: ['Weber gland hypothesis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Weber's Glands Infection']


abstract: Acute @entity5327 continues to be associated with high mortality. We hypothesized that delays in surgical consultation and operation are independently associated with increased mortality and sought to identify modifiable characteristics associated with delayed management. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 72 @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity5327 . Twenty-six (36%) @entity1 died, of which 14 (54%) had care withdrawn. Delay in operation (>6 hours after surgical consultation) was associated with increased mortality (adjusted OR 3.7; 90% CI, 1.1-12). For @entity1 for whom care was not withdrawn, delay in surgical consultation (>24 hours after disease onset) was associated with increased mortality (adjusted OR, 9.4; 90% CI, 1.3-65), as was delay in operation (adjusted OR, 4.9; 90% CI, 1.1-22). For those managed medically, early surgical consultation was associated with improved mortality (Odds Ratio [OR], 0; 90% Confidence Interval [CI], 0-0.34). @entity1 with delayed surgical consultation were more likely to have abdominal distension, elevated @entity880 concentration, @entity810 , vasopressor administration, and a lack of @entity490 . The acquisition of CT imaging trended toward an association with delayed surgical consultation (P = 0.06). We conclude that early surgical consultation is associated with improved outcome even for @entity1 managed without operative intervention, and that CT imaging may delay appropriate care.

title: Acute XXXX : the importance of early surgical consultation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: In 1949, 27 female and 26 male physical education students were studied at a mean age of 22 and 25 yr, respectively. They were restudied in 1970 and 1982. Measurements included @entity26 uptake, heart rate, and pulmonary ventilation during submaximal and maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer and treadmill. After 21 yr, peak aerobic power was significantly reduced, from 2.90 to 2.18 l/min and from 4.09 to 3.28 l/min for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. After another 12 yr, the 1970 maxima were not reduced further. From 1949 to 1982 there was a decrease in peak heart rate from 196 to 177 beats/min in @entity1 and from 190 to 175 beats/min in @entity1 (P < 0.05). Highest pulmonary ventilation did not change significantly. At an @entity26 uptake of 1.5 l/min, the heart rate was the same in 1949 as in 1982. In conclusion, the physical fitness level of the subjects was well above average for these ages. From 1970 to 1982 there was no decline in the average peak aerobic power, a finding possibly related to increased habitual physical activity.

title: A 33-yr follow-up of peak XXXX uptake and related variables of former physical education students.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive power of sonographic @entity5 descriptors in the differentiation of @entity1557 from @entity9962 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred thirty-six @entity5 (142 @entity1557 and 194 invasive @entity513 ) of the breast diagnosed using sonography were prospectively recorded with respect to the shape, contour, echo texture, echogenicity, sound transmission, and surrounding tissue of the @entity5 . Evaluation included odds and odds ratios of single sonographic features as well as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of combinations of features. @entity5 descriptors were also evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and clinical examination. RESULTS: Irregular shape and contour, extensive hypoechogenicity, shadowing, echogenic halo, and distortion of surrounding tissue were the findings with the highest predictive value of @entity5 . A thin echogenic pseudocapsule was the most important sonographic finding predictive of the benign nature of a solid mass. Echo texture was of little value in the differentiation of @entity0 . Age and clinical examination remained important predictors in a clinically referred @entity1 population because a palpable mass in an elderly @entity1 is most likely a @entity189 . We saw considerable overlap of most sonographic features in both benign and @entity5 . However, using strict sonographic criteria and a combination of descriptors, we found a negative predictive value of 100% in palpable and 96% in impalpable @entity5 . CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity5 descriptors gave negative predictive values approaching 100%, allowing downgrading of solid breast masses with a high degree of confidence. Extensive sonographic features analysis in @entity1 with indeterminate clinical and mammographic findings has the potential for downgrading a @entity5 and possibly obviating the need for excision in a subgroup of @entity1 . Further investigations may provide standardization of sonographic descriptor analysis and establishment of the combination of the most predictive features that would be useful in daily practice.

title: Analysis of sonographic features in the differentiation of @entity1557 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: The distribution and number of @entity19649 (Coulter T11)+ cells, @entity37871 (Leu 11b)+ cells, Leu 7+ cells, CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells, @entity776 (Leu 15)+ cells, @entity1961 (Leu 3a + 3b)+ cells and Leu 10+ or Leu 14+ cells in the liver of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and metastatic @entity96 (MLC) were investigated using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistological methods. In the majority of those with @entity157 and MLC, CD8 ( @entity19 )+, Leu 7+ and @entity37871 (Leu 11b)+ cells were present both in the @entity5 and non- @entity5 tissues. The CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells were more numerous than Leu 7+ and @entity37871 (Leu 11b)+ cells. No significant difference was observed in the distribution and number of Leu 7+ and @entity37871 (Leu 11b)+ cells, in any area, in both groups. The number of CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells predominated in the non- @entity5 area, in both groups. @entity776 (Leu 15)+ cells and CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells were present in the ratio of 1:3 or 1:4. The number of @entity1961 (Leu 3a + 3b)+ cells was less than that of CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells in both groups, especially in the @entity5 area. A few Leu 10+ or Leu 14+ cells were present in all areas, in both groups. In most cases of MLC, the CD8 ( @entity19 )+ cells were absent in the @entity5 area. There was no correlation between the distribution and number of these cells and anti- @entity5 chemotherapy or non-specific immunotherapy.

title: Immunological analysis and characterization of lymphocyte subsets in specimens of @entity1 @entity157 and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancers']


abstract: @entity28 causes critical health problems including @entity6 and @entity101 that affect billions of @entity1 worldwide. @entity28 and eating behaviors are believed to be closely linked but their relationship through brain networks has not been fully explored. We identified functional brain networks associated with @entity28 and examined how the networks were related to eating behaviors. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained for 82 @entity1 . Data were from an equal number of @entity1 of healthy weight (HW) and non-healthy weight (non-HW). Connectivity matrices were computed with spatial maps derived using a group independent component analysis approach. Brain networks and associated connectivity parameters with significant group-wise differences were identified and correlated with scores on a three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) describing restraint, disinhibition, and hunger eating behaviors. Frontoparietal and cerebellum networks showed group-wise differences between HW and non-HW groups. Frontoparietal network showed a high correlation with TFEQ disinhibition scores. Both frontoparietal and cerebellum networks showed a high correlation with body mass index (BMI) scores. Brain networks with significant group-wise differences between HW and non-HW groups were identified. Parts of the identified networks showed a high correlation with eating behavior scores.

title: Functional brain networks associated with eating behaviors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction occurs in more than half of @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) @entity1 and is an important cause of @entity204 . In this study we examined heart rate (HR) changes in an animal model of @entity5011 , experimental autoimmune @entity5013 ( @entity9833 ), induced by immunization with myelin extracted from @entity291 spinal roots. The animals developed progressive motor @entity425 accompanied by significant @entity353 and @entity2332 . HR was measured in 33 @entity9833 @entity35 at rest (rHR) and followings stressful stimulation (sHR). Average pre-immunization rHR was 341+/-28 beats per minute (b.p.m.) and sHR was 486+/-21 bpm. Although the mean rHR in @entity35 with @entity9833 was not significantly different compared to that at baseline, there was a significant increase of variation of rHR with six @entity35 demonstrating @entity1168 (<280 b.p.m.) and 10 @entity591 (>400 b.p.m.) (P<0.01, F-test). sHR in @entity9833 @entity35 was significantly lower (P<0.01), suggesting sympathetic @entity73 . These findings may serve as a basis for testing treatments of ANS dysfunction in @entity9833 .

title: Autonomic dysfunction in experimental autoimmune XXXX : heart rate.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['system impairment']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain--Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death in the disease']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['neuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : In Brazil, like many other low- to middle-income countries, most @entity748 @entity1 cannot afford the medication necessary to prevent exacerbations. The reference clinic of the Programme for Asthma Control in Bahia (ProAR; Salvador-Bahia) offers free medical care, pharmaceutical assistance (inhaled medication) and @entity1 education. The reference clinic is accessible to all the population of Salvador and the Programme is targeted on severe @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: : The aim of the present study was to evaluate adherence to inhaled medication in severe @entity748 enrolled in ProAR. METHODS: : A sub-group of 160 consecutive severe @entity748 enrolled in ProAR were followed prospectively for 6 months. All @entity1 were assessed by means the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory and spirometry. The rate of adherence to inhaled corticosteroid was checked monthly. A cut-off point of 80% of the doses prescribed in the period was used to define @entity1 as adherent. RESULTS: : Of the one hundred-sixty @entity1 with severe @entity565 included, it was possible to objectively assess adherence to the use of the inhaled @entity228 in 158. Among these, 112 (70.9%) were considered adherent according to the adopted cut-off point. The rate of adherence in the whole sample of subjects was 83.9% of the prescribed doses. There was a significant association between @entity565 control and adherence to treatment. Predictors of poor adherence were adverse effects, living far from the referral center, limited resources to pay for transportation and dose schedule. CONCLUSION: : In the present study, adherence to treatment was high. In a sample of @entity1 with severe @entity565 managed in a public program that provides free medication and multidisciplinary treatment at a referral center, adherence to treatment was found to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes.

title: Adherence to treatment in severe XXXX : predicting factors in a program for @entity565 control in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors associated with @entity227 in the @entity551 Treatment Study, a prospective trial designed to compare the effects of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist @entity16495 tartrate 0.2% to the beta-adrenergic antagonist @entity6839 maleate 0.5% on visual function in low-pressure @entity726 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: @entity551 Treatment Study @entity1 with >= 5 visual field tests during follow-up were included. Progression was determined using pointwise linear regression analysis, defined as the same 3 or more visual field locations with a slope more negative than -1.0 dB/year at P < 5%, on 3 consecutive tests. Ocular and systemic risk factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model and further tested for independence in a multivariate model. RESULTS: A total of 253 eyes of 127 subjects (mean age, 64.7    10.9 years; mean follow-up, 40.6    12 months) were analyzed. Eyes randomized to @entity6839 progressed faster than those randomized to @entity16495 (mean rates of progression, -0.38    0.9 vs 0.02    0.7 dB/y, P < .01). In the final multivariate model adjusting for all tested covariates, older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41/decade older, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 1.90, P = .022), use of systemic antihypertensives (HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.32 to 4.87, P = .005), and mean ocular perfusion pressure (HR = 1.21/mm Hg lower, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.31, P < .001) were associated with progression whereas randomization to @entity16495 revealed a protective effect (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.55, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: While randomization to @entity16495 0.2% was protective compared to @entity6839 0.5%, lower mean ocular perfusion pressure increased the risk for reaching a progression outcome in the @entity551 Treatment Study. This suggests that the beneficial effect of randomization to the @entity16495 arm was independent of possible differences in ocular perfusion pressures between the 2 treatment arms. The current results and large number of drop-outs in the @entity16495 0.2% arm suggest that more research is necessary before altering clinical practice paradigms.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in the low-pressure @entity726 treatment study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Low-pressure Glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field progression']


abstract: @entity158 ( @entity158 ) is one of the most common @entity85 . However, no consensus on the definition, classification, assessment, diagnosis, or management has been reached. We evaluated symptoms and clinical findings in subgroups of individuals with @entity158 , classified on the basis of the findings in radiological examinations and compared the findings with knee-healthy subjects. An orthopedic surgeon and a physical therapist consecutively examined 80 @entity1 clinically diagnosed as having @entity158 and referred for physical therapy. The examination consisted of taking a case history and clinical tests. Radiography revealed pathology in 15 @entity1 , and scintigraphic examination revealed focal uptake in 2 @entity1 indicating pathology (group C). Diffusely increased uptake was present in 29 @entity1 (group B). In the remaining 29 @entity1 radiographic and scintigraphic examinations were normal (group A). Knee-healthy controls (group D) reported no clinical symptoms. No symptom could be statistically demonstrated to differ between the three @entity1 groups. Knee-healthy subjects differed significantly from the three @entity1 groups in all clinical tests measuring @entity158 in response to the provocations; compression test, medial and lateral tenderness, passive @entity12352 , but they also differed in Q angle. Differences in clinical tests between the @entity1 groups were nonsignificant. The main finding in our study on @entity1 clinically diagnosed with @entity158 is that possible pathologies cannot be detected from the @entity1 's history or from commonly used clinical tests.

title: Comparison of symptoms and clinical findings in subgroups of individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity12352 :: ('MESH:C535568', 'Disease') :: ['gliding of the patella']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PFPS', 'Patellofemoral pain syndrome', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain']


abstract: Development of @entity134 dependency in @entity1 with @entity1985 may require a long-term multi-drug therapy at risk of @entity137 and @entity177 . Rituximab treatment reduces the @entity134 dosage and the need for immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric @entity1 . Here we retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent @entity1987 . To do this, we analyzed the outcome of all adult @entity1 treated with rituximab for @entity134 -dependent minimal @entity1985 over a mean follow-up of 29.5 months (range 5.1-82 months). Seventeen @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent or frequently relapsing minimal @entity1985 , unresponsive to several immunosuppressive medications, were treated with rituximab. Eleven @entity1 had no relapses after rituximab infusion (mean follow-up 26.7 months, range 5.1-82 months) and nine of them were able to come off all other immunosuppressive drugs and @entity230 during follow-up. Six @entity1 relapsed at least once after a mean time of 11.9 months (mean follow-up 34.5 months, range 16.9-50.1 months), but their immunosuppressive drug treatment could be stopped or markedly reduced during this time. No adverse events were recorded. Thus, rituximab is efficient and safe in adult @entity1 suffering from severe @entity134 -dependent @entity1987 . Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm this study.

title: Rituximab is an efficient and safe treatment in adults with @entity134 -dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['change nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1987 :: (MESH:D009402,Disease) :: ['minimal change disease']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an anchor drug used to treat @entity309 ( @entity309 ), but responsiveness is variable in effectiveness and @entity137 . @entity1499 and its @entity8465 conjugates (MTXPG(n)) in red blood cells (RBC) have been associated with @entity1 response. In the current study, 13 collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) @entity35 and 12 healthy @entity35 were given subcutaneous doses of either saline or 0.3 or 1.5 mg/kg per 2 days of @entity1500 from day 21 to 43 post-induction. Blood samples were obtained at various times to measure @entity1500 in plasma, and @entity1500 and MTXPG(n) in RBC. Effects on disease progression were indicated by body weight and paw size. After multiple-doses, RBC @entity1500 reached steady-state (82.4 nm) within 4 days. The MTXPG(2) and MTXPG(3) in RBC kept increasing until the end of the study, attaining 12.5 and 17.7 nm. Significant @entity353 was observed after dosing with 1.5 mg/kg/2 days, whereas moderate effectiveness was observed after dosing with 0.3 mg/kg/2 days. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic/disease (PK/PD/DIS) model with indirect mechanisms and transduction components incorporating plasma @entity1500 , RBC @entity1500 and RBC MTXPG(n) concentrations, and paw size was developed using na  ve data pooling and ADAPT 5. The PK/PD in CIA @entity35 dosed at 0.3 mg/kg/2 days were captured well by our proposed model. @entity1499 showed modest (I(maxd) = 0.16) but sensitive (IC(50d) = 0.712 nm) effectiveness on paw @entity4 . The higher dose produced @entity137 . The proposed model offers improved understanding of the effects of @entity1499 on @entity309 .

title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and XXXX of @entity1499 in healthy and collagen-induced arthritic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8465 :: ('MESH:D011099', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study a case of uterine artery @entity548 after laparotomic myomectomy in a 40-year-old @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective clinical case. SETTING: Tertiary clinical care university hospital. @entity1 (S): A 40-year-old @entity1 , 1 month after a laparotomic myomectomy presenting sudden @entity1867 . INTERVENTION(S): The diagnosis of uterine artery @entity2849 was made by color and duplex Doppler ultrasonography (CDDUS) and confirmed by arteriography. The angiographic study showed an intramyometrial uterine artery @entity2849 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical response to treatment. RESULT(S): The uterine artery @entity2849 was successfully treated by embolization. The @entity1 's recovery was extraordinary, and now she has normal menses. CONCLUSION(S): CDDUS is a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of @entity432 . Transcatheter @entity1416 is a good alternative for management. It has the advantage that it is a less invasive technique and also is able to preserve the reproductive function.

title: @entity548 after myomectomy resulting from XXXX of the uterine artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial pseodoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['metrorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is known to be an important clinical endpoint in determining medication efficacy; however, the predictive value of QOL indices for response to medication or placebo has not been tested. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a correlation between measures of QOL and response to medication/placebo exists in an evaluation of @entity4184 for @entity2023 . METHODS: Two hundred nine @entity1 completed the 36-item short-form health QOL survey at screening for entry into a study examining the onset of action of @entity4184 in an allergen challenge system. During the treatment phase, symptom assessments were recorded hourly after dosing of double-blind medication. @entity1 were determined to be responders or nonresponders to study medication. A responder was defined as a @entity1 who rated medication effectiveness as fair to excellent with regard to symptom relief, for three consecutive hourly assessments during the study day or one whose total symptom score decreased by > or =25% for three consecutive hourly assessments. Baseline QOL scores were compared between responders and nonresponders. RESULTS: Differences were noted among responders and nonresponders on the basis of whether @entity4184 or placebo was received. Ratings of general health perception, @entity158 , physical function, and role limitation due to physical health were significantly lower among @entity1 who responded to placebo, compared with placebo nonresponders. In addition, the overall physical health and 36-item short-form health survey averages were significantly lower. Differences between responders and nonresponders to @entity4184 did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Lower baseline QOL scores were associated with a clinically significant response to placebo in a trial of treatment for @entity2023 . QOL may be a factor in @entity1 response to medication in clinical studies and, hence, a predictor of outcome.

title: Quality of life indices may be predictive of placebo and medication response to treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical association of @entity2490 and @entity565 has been recognized for centuries, leading to a current definition of 'one airway, one disease'. Current findings indicate that the optimal treatment of @entity2490 might improve coexisting @entity565 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate perception of the @entity2490 association and to determine their capability in managing @entity2490 . METHODS: @entity1 of three national @entity565 meetings, in 2004, were asked to complete a questionnaire which, aside from demographic queries, elicited responses in order to reflect agreement or not with the given statements. RESULTS: Of the 354 attendees, 220 (62%) responded to the questionnaire. Although over 80% reported good perception of the @entity2490 association, only one-third were examining nasal mucosa of asthmatics, and over 70% believed sinus X-ray, blood eosinophil count, and determination of total serum IgE were required to diagnose @entity2023 . Between 20% and 40% of the physicians reported misuse of medications for @entity2490 . CONCLUSIONS: This survey documented that the @entity2490 association is generally recognized by physicians treating @entity565 in @entity233 . However, there are certain training needs in terms of attitude towards examinations and appropriate use of laboratories and medications for @entity2490 . Improved understanding/management of @entity2490 may contribute to @entity565 care as well as @entity1 satisfaction and adherence to treatment.

title: Turkish physicians' perception of XXXX and its impact on @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'asthma-rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The relationship between @entity2150 and @entity99 is well recognized, and such @entity1 usually have a high mortality. We successfully treated a case of @entity2150 following living-related orthotopic liver transplantation (LROLT) for non-A, non-B, @entity10745 . A 2-yr-old @entity1 with @entity879 from non-A, non-B, @entity10745 received LROLT. Before transplantation, he had @entity3043 which was probably @entity99 associated, and viral suppression was suspected after bone marrow (BM) biopsy. After the transplantation, he developed progressive @entity3043 and a diagnosis of @entity2150 was made via BM biopsy. With immunosuppressant agents ( @entity205 , @entity1667 ), cytokine therapy ( @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rhEPO)) was effectual and the @entity1 recovered from @entity3043 . He was discharged from the hospital 57 d after the liver transplantation and remains well 1 yr after LROLT. Combined cytokine therapy with high doses of @entity1261 , @entity6824 and rhEPO appeared to be effective in the treatment of @entity2150 following liver transplantation for non-A, non-B, @entity10745 . Since @entity6824 activates macrophages, it may have contributed to the graft rejection. Careful consideration should be given to the use of high-dose @entity6824 in liver transplant @entity1 .

title: Successful cytokine treatment of XXXX following living-related orthotopic liver transplantation for non-A, non-B, @entity10745 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['non-C hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'M-CSF']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the developmental competence of @entity1 embryos with @entity4843 ( @entity4843 ). DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Private fertility center. @entity1 (S): Forty-four couples donating 143 zygotes for confocal imaging study, and 78 couples included in the retrospective clinical study. INTERVENTION(S): Time-lapse imaging study using confocal and light microscopes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cytokinesis at first mitosis, @entity4843 , chromosomal behavior, euploidy, implantation, successful delivery of healthy baby. RESULT(S): About 25% of the embryos showed abnormal cytokinesis (n = 34). All showed @entity4843 , and their development was greatly impaired. More than 75% of embryos that showed normal cytokinesis at first mitosis displayed @entity4843 (n = 81). However, the subsequent development of embryos with @entity4843 was similar to that of embryos without @entity4843 in  vitro and in  vivo. Most blastocysts were euploid. All chromosomes in several MNs took part in forming a bipolar spindle after the nuclear envelope breakdown followed by normal cleavage and development to the blastocyst stage. The implantation potential of embryos with @entity4843 was similar to that of embryos without @entity4843 , and healthy babies were born from the former group after transfer. CONCLUSION(S): The presence of @entity4843 after the first mitosis does not adversely affect the subsequent development of embryos if they showed normal cytokinesis at this stage. The poor development of embryos with @entity4843 is mainly caused by abnormal first cytokinesis.

title: Multinucleation per se is not always sufficient as a marker of abnormality to decide against transferring XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4843 :: ('MESH:D000742', 'Disease') :: ['multinucleation', 'MN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, numerous reports describe the generation and increasing utility of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDX) from tissue biopsies. While PDX have proven useful for genetic profiling and preclinical drug testing, the requirement of a tissue biopsy limits the available @entity1 population, particularly those with advanced oligometastatic disease. Conversely, 'liquid biopsies' such as circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) are minimally invasive and easier to obtain. Here, we present a clinical case study of a @entity1149 @entity1 with advanced @entity3 , a never smoker whose primary @entity5 was @entity470 and @entity7041 wild-type. We demonstrate for the first time, tumorigenicity of their CTCs to generate a @entity1 CTC-derived eXplant (CDX). @entity1 AND METHODS: CTCs were enriched at diagnosis and again 2 months later during disease progression from 10 ml blood from a 48-year-old @entity1149 @entity1 and implanted into immunocompromised @entity19 . Resultant @entity5 were morphologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically compared with the donor @entity1 's diagnostic specimen. @entity19 were treated with @entity900 and pemetrexed to assess preclinical efficacy of the chemotherapy regimen given to the donor @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1149 CDX expressed lung lineage markers @entity10922 and @entity5822 and was unresponsive to @entity900 and pemetrexed. Examination of blood samples matched to that used for CDX generation revealed absence of CTCs using the CellSearch @entity5960 -dependent platform, whereas size-based CTC enrichment revealed abundant heterogeneous CTCs of which    80% were mesenchymal marker vimentin positive. Molecular analysis of the CDX, mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs revealed a common somatic mutation confirming @entity5 origin and showed CDX RNA and protein profiles consistent with the predominantly mesenchymal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the absence of @entity1149 CTCs detected by CellSearch ( @entity5960 (+)) does not preclude CDX generation, highlighting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the functional importance of mesenchymal CTCs in dissemination of this disease.

title: Tumourigenic XXXX mesenchymal circulating @entity5 cells: a clinical case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Legal regulations of cadaver examination and autopsy require fundamental changes. Regulations that result in up to 75% errors in the recorded cause of @entity204 on the @entity204 certificate make no sense. As an example, @entity395 of @entity600 may cause @entity944 but is only detectable at autopsy with subsequent histological examination. @entity1 AND METHODS: In an series of 17.204 autopsies (from 1980 to 1999) 894 cases of @entity944 were examined. In 28 cases (3.1%) only histological examination of the lungs provided the cause of @entity204 . RESULTS: @entity2488 may be clinically silent and leads to focal panazinar @entity2415 and @entity891 due to @entity1030 and an "air trapping" mechanism. Subsequent @entity120 results in a @entity3618 , which may fail suddenly and unexpectedly. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic problems of @entity204 justifies the performance of an autopsy. This fact should be recognized legally. Using the example of @entity600 , it is shown that only an autopsy may reveal the exact cause of @entity204 .

title: [Dysplastic bronchial changes as etiology of XXXX . A plea for the necessity of diagnostic autopsy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden, unexpected death']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial malformation']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['natural death', 'death']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: AIMS: To measure the testicular and ovarian doses and to assess the risk for @entity10844 to @entity1 treated with megavoltage X-ray beams for benign diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiation therapy of benign diseases was simulated on an anthropomorphic phantom with a 6MV photon beam. The gonadal dose was calculated during the irradiation of @entity409 , @entity2001 , @entity6875 and gynaecomastia. Dose measurements were carried out using thermoluminescent dosimeters. For the radiotherapy of @entity2736 , the effect of using lead blocks to spare lymphatic drainage on the gonadal dose was determined. RESULTS: The ovarian and testicular total doses were found to be 2.00-680 and 2.0-39.0 mGy, respectively, depending on the gonadal location in respect to the treatment volume. The introduction of blocks into the primary beam resulted in an increase in gonadal dose up to a factor of 1.7. The radiation-induced risk of @entity74 in future generations was (1.0-40.8) x 10(-4) and (1.0-23.4) x 10(-4) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy of benign diseases always resulted in gonadal doses below 1 Gy and therefore there was no risk for permanent @entity177 . The excess risk of radiation-induced @entity74 in offspring was low in comparison with the natural frequency of these effects. However, there was a considerable excess in risk after irradiation in the hip bone.

title: Treatment of benign diseases with megavoltage X-ray beams: is there a risk for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification, liver and vertebra haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['bone cysts']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

answer: @entity10844 :: (MESH:D006058,Disease) :: ['gonadal damage']


abstract: Many @entity13390 preparedness trainings occur throughout the United States, yet few qualitatively examine trainees' needs and interests, reactions to training, or suggestions for training improvement. Eleven posttraining focus groups were conducted with 31 training @entity1 at six sites. @entity1 were stratified by health profession discipline, and discipline-specific moderators conducted each session to better understand and probe for feedback. One additional moderator attended all sessions to increase consistency in methods across sessions. Focus group @entity1 assessed changes in their perceptions, knowledge, and beliefs about @entity13390 preparedness. @entity1 reported perceiving @entity13390 as a potential threat but less likely than natural disasters. All-hazards crossover training for responding to @entity13390 was requested. The training was viewed positively, including the enrollment process, training content, and reference materials. @entity1 reported increased confidence in abilities to recognize a terrorist event. @entity1 stated they would like the training repeated annually with more first responders in attendance. @entity1 from rural areas had unique training needs based on limited resources and multiple roles of staff. While most @entity1 wanted a longer, multispecialty conference with in-depth, discipline-specific breakout sessions, physicians requested shorter, separate training. Multispecialty training methods were successful and appreciated. This pilot study may serve as a template for qualitative evaluation of @entity13390 preparedness conferences for health professionals.

title: Evaluation of interdisciplinary XXXX preparedness programs: a pilot focus group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity13390 :: ('MESH:D020184', 'Disease') :: ['terrorism and natural disasters', 'terrorism']

answer: @entity13390 :: (MESH:D020184,Disease) :: ['terrorism']


abstract: A possible association between @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) analogs and incidences of @entity788 has been suggested based on clinical studies. In male and female @entity6 (ZDF) @entity35 , we investigated the effects of continuous administration of liraglutide and exenatide on biochemical [ @entity9112 , @entity28431 ( @entity28431 )] and histopathological markers of @entity788 . Male and female ZDF @entity35 were dosed for 13 wk with liraglutide (0.4 or 1.0 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1) sc once daily) or exenatide (0.25 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1) sc, Alzet osmotic minipumps). @entity28431 and @entity9112 plasma activity were measured, and an extended histopathological and stereological (specific cell mass and proliferation rate) evaluation of the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas was performed. Expectedly, liraglutide and exenatide lowered blood @entity413 and Hb A(1c) in male and female ZDF @entity35 , whereas b-cell mass and proliferation rate were increased with greatly improved blood @entity413 control. Whereas neither analog affected @entity9112 activity, small increases in @entity28431 activity were observed in animals treated with liraglutide and exenatide. However, concurrent or permanent increases in @entity9112 and @entity28431 activity were never observed. @entity1674 were lowered by both @entity15212 analogs. The qualitative histopathological findings did not reveal adverse effects of liraglutide. The findings were mainly minimal in severity and focal in distribution. Similarly, the quantitative stereological analyses revealed no effects of liraglutide or exenatide on overall pancreas weight or exocrine and duct cell mass or proliferation. The present study demonstrates that, in overtly diabetic male and female ZDF @entity35 , prolonged exposure to @entity17121 agonists does not affect biochemical or histopathological markers of @entity788 , and whereas both exenatide and liraglutide increase b-cell mass, they have no effect on the exocrine pancreas. However, clinical outcome studies and studies using primate tissues and/or studies in nonhuman primates are needed to further assess @entity1 risk.

title: The effects of 13 wk of liraglutide treatment on endocrine and exocrine pancreas in male and female ZDF XXXX : a quantitative and qualitative analysis revealing no evidence of drug-induced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']