abstract: The role of lymphocytes in @entity1732 (Bleo)-induced @entity651 remains obscure. In normal hamsters, peribronchial lymphatic tissue (PBLT) has been found to contain a large population of T lymphocytes responsive to @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) but not to @entity3646 . @entity651 induced by a single intratracheal instillation of Bleo in hamsters has been ameliorated by @entity205 (CyA). In the present study, using this model, PBLT-derived lymphocyte function was explored for 28 days after Bleo instillation. Increase in PBLT lymphocytes occurred at five time points investigated, reaching highest values on day +7 (p < 0.0025). Cell proliferation in response to concanavalin A was enhanced, while @entity1199 +/- the mitogen had no effect. In contrast to its inactivity in the normal hamster, in the Bleo-injured animal @entity3646 alone induced T cell proliferation (p = 0.0077) on day +7. CyA therapy initially suppressed and delayed recovery of the number of lymphocytes and their activation. The results of this study suggest the existence of a vulnerable period in Bleo-induced @entity651 and indicate that lymphocytes participate in the pathogenesis of the insult to the tissue. The unresponsiveness to @entity1199 and the emergence of cellular response to @entity3646 indicate immune deviation in PBLT-derived T cells.

title: Peribronchial lymphocyte activation in XXXX -induced @entity651 .

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: Because plant wilting has been described as a consequence of @entity3409 ( @entity3280 ) @entity137 , we investigate @entity3280 effects on plant water losses, gas exchanges and stomatal behaviour in @entity958 L. Effects of 1-week @entity3280 application in hydroponic condition ( @entity10278 10-100 micro m) were analyzed. A 10- micro m @entity3280 concentration had no significant effect on the plant-water relationship and @entity505 assimilation. At higher @entity3280 concentrations, a @entity3280 -dependent decrease in leaf conductance and @entity515 uptake was observed despite the photosynthetic apparatus appeared not to be affected as probed by fluorescence measurements. In epidermal strip bioassays, nanomolar @entity3280 concentrations reduced stomatal opening under light in A. thaliana, Vicia faba and Commelina communis. Application of 5 micro m ABA limited the root-to-shoot translocation of @entity3409 . However, the @entity3280 -induced stomatal closure was likely ABA-independent, since a 5-day treatment with 50 micro m @entity3280 did not affect the plant relative water content. Additionally, a similar @entity3280 -induced stomatal closure was observed in the ABA insensitive mutant abi1-1. Interestingly, this mutant displayed a higher transpiration rate than the wild type but did not accumulate more @entity3280 , arguing that @entity3280 uptake is not dependent only on the transpiration flow. Application of putative @entity460 channels inhibitors suppressed the inhibitory effect of @entity3280 in epidermal strip experiments, suggesting that @entity3280 could enter the guard cell through @entity460 channels. Patch-clamp studies with V. faba guard cell protoplasts showed that plasma membrane K+ channels were insensitive to external @entity3280 application whereas @entity141 channels were found permeable to @entity3280 . In conclusion, we propose that @entity3280 affects guard cell regulation in an ABA-independent manner by entering the cytosol via @entity141 channels.

title: @entity137 : @entity3409 permeates through XXXX channels and disturbs the plant water status.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids are effective for the treatment of @entity879 , severe @entity6194 and @entity879 ; however, the mechanism underlying the effects of treatment by glucocorticoids remains to be fully elucidated. The role and detailed mechanism of how glucocorticoids prevent @entity409 progression can be elucidated by investigating the apoptosis of hepatocytes following glucocorticoid treatment. P  -glycoproteins (P  -gps) also confer resistance to apoptosis induced by a diverse range of stimuli. Glucocorticoids, particularly @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), upregulate the expression of @entity7895 in several tissues. In the present study, the normal @entity1 L  -02 liver cell line was used, and techniques, including immunocytochemistry, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used for determining the expression levels of P  -gps, and for evaluating the effect of @entity9170 pretreatment on the expression of P  -gps. @entity9170 (1  -10    M) was added to the cell culture media and incubated for 24  -72  h. The results revealed that @entity9170 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of @entity7895 in a dose  - and time  -dependent manner. Subsequently, @entity5 @entity39 factor  -related apoptosis  -inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) was used for the induction of apoptosis in the cells, followed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling assay to assess the apoptotic stages. The results demonstrated that apoptosis in the group of cells, which were pre  -treated with @entity9170 was significantly lower than that in the control group. Treatment with @entity9573 , a @entity7895 inhibitor, reduced the anti  -apoptotic effects of @entity9170 . These results established that @entity9170 protects normal @entity1 liver cells from @entity2205  -induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of @entity7895 . These observations may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of @entity9170 for preventing the progression of @entity409 .

title: XXXX protects normal @entity1 liver cells from apoptosis induced by @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand by upregulating the expression of P-glycoproteins.

entities_list: @entity9573 :: ('MESH:C402343', 'Chemical') :: ['tariquidar']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'acute-on-chronic pre-liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: The use of iontophoresis to enhance transdermal transport of drugs necessitates further investigations on the membrane used to simulate @entity1 skin because one of the transport mechanisms involved, electroosmosis, strictly depends on the properties of the skin (i.e., its isoelectric point, IP). The aim of this work was to characterize @entity95 ear skin permselectivity by measuring the @entity1372 transport number at different pH values. This method allowed us to estimate the skin IP. To confirm the validity of the method, @entity2656 flux was measured. In addition, the @entity1372 transport number method was applied to the study of @entity1 skin and a model drug iontophoretic flux through @entity95 and @entity1 skin was evaluated. The results indicate that @entity95 ear skin behaves as a permselective membrane, with an IP between 2 and 3. The same result was obtained using @entity1 skin. The @entity2656 flux data confirm that the direction of electroosmotic flow at physiological pH is in the anode-to-cathode direction. Finally, permeation experiments performed with a model drug showed that the relative electroosmotic and electrorepulsive contributions to the total flux are the same for @entity1 and @entity95 skin. It can be concluded that @entity95 ear skin is a suitable model for the study of iontophoretic permeation of drugs.

title: Characterization of the permselective properties of XXXX skin during transdermal iontophoresis.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of oral conditions in preschool @entity1 and associated factors on work absenteeism experienced by parents or guardians. METHODS: A preschool-based, cross-sectional study was conducted of 837 @entity1 , 3-5  years of age, in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents or guardians answered the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. The item 'taken time off work' was the dependent variable. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic variables, history of toothache and health perceptions (general and oral) were also administered. Clinical examinations for @entity1547 and @entity130 ( @entity130 ) were performed by three dentists who had undergone training and calibration exercises. Cohen's kappa (k) was 0.83-0.88 for interexaminer agreement and 0.85-0.90 for intra-examiner agreement. Descriptive, analytical statistics were conducted, followed by logistic regression for complex samples (a  =  5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of parents' or guardians' work absenteeism because of the oral conditions of their @entity1 was 9.2%. The following variables were significantly associated with work absenteeism: mother's low schooling [odds ratio (OR)  =  2.31; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.31-4.07]; history of toothache (OR  =  6.33; 95% CI: 3.18-12.61); and @entity155 or luxation types of @entity130 (OR  =  8.54; 95% CI: 1.80-40.53). CONCLUSION: Other oral conditions that do not generally cause @entity158 , such as @entity1547 with a low degree of severity or @entity1547 and uncomplicated @entity130 , were not associated with parents' or guardians' work absenteeism of preschool @entity1 . It is concluded that toothache, @entity155 , luxation and a low degree of mother's schooling are associated with work absenteeism.

title: Work absenteeism by parents because of oral conditions in preschool XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['inactive dental caries', 'dental caries']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['TDI', 'traumatic dental injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this work is to evaluate the repair of mucosal epithelium at the critical time of the beginning of reepithelization of stomach wound. METHODOLOGY: Structural and ultrastructural evaluation of @entity35 gastric mucosa repair was carried out with administration of placebo, @entity4444 and @entity10026 in different groups of @entity35 ( @entity35 albinus) during the first 7 post-operative days. Following 48 hours of @entity4321 and anesthesia by @entity4543 inhalation, the animals were submitted to laparotomy exposing the stomach. A fusiform gastric resection measuring 5 mm in length was performed in the fundus stomach wall. The surgical wound was sutured in 2 plans: muscular @entity10478 . The abdominal wall was also sutured in 2 plans: parietal serosa-abdominal musculature and skin. During 6 consecutive post-operative days, the placebo group @entity35 received 1 ml of distilled water intragastrically; those of the @entity4444 group 10 mg/kg of @entity4444 ; and, animals of the @entity10026 group, 250 micrograms/kg of @entity10026 by intraperitoneal injection. On the 7th post-operative day, @entity35 were killed and fragments of the stomach wall containing transverse section of surgical wound were collected and processed for light microscopy and electron microscopies. RESULTS: At the beginning of gastric mucosal wound reepithelization @entity4444 has better effect than that of @entity10026 . CONCLUSIONS: Comparative mucosal morphology showed that @entity4444 tends to accelerate the beginning of reepithelization of granulation tissue while @entity10026 delays reepithelization due to alteration of protective mucus and a provoking increase of granulation tissue.

title: Effects of @entity4444 and XXXX on surgical repair of gastric mucosa.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity10026 :: ('MESH:D010418', 'Chemical') :: ['pentagastrin']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['tunic and visceral serosa']

entities_list: @entity4321 :: ('MESH:D013217', 'Disease') :: ['starvation']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus', 'rats']

answer: @entity10026 :: (MESH:D010418,Chemical) :: ['pentagastrin']


abstract: Transient @entity2806 triggers suppression of the initiation step of protein synthesis, a process which is controlled by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. ER function has been shown to be disturbed after transient @entity2806 , as indicated by an activation of the ER-resident @entity2987 kinase @entity2986 . In this study, we investigated @entity63 -induced changes in protein levels and phosphorylation states of the initiation factors @entity2987 , eIF2B epsilon, and @entity22297 and of p70 S6 kinase, proteins playing a central role in the control of the initiation of translation. Transient focal @entity2806 was induced in @entity19 by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. @entity63 caused a long-lasting suppression of global protein synthesis. @entity2987 was transiently phosphorylated after @entity63 , peaking at 1-3 h of recovery. eIF2B epsilon and p70 S6 kinase were completely dephosphorylated during @entity63 and phosphorylation did not recover completely following reperfusion. In addition, eIF2B epsilon, @entity22297 , and p70 S6 kinase protein levels decreased progressively with increasing recirculation time. Thus, several different processes contributed to @entity63 -induced suppression of the initiation of protein synthesis: a long-lasting dephosphorylation of eIF2B epsilon and @entity17740 starting during @entity63 , a transient phosphorylation of @entity2987 during early reperfusion, and a marked decrease of eIF2B epsilon, @entity22297 , and @entity17740 protein levels starting during @entity432 ( @entity22297 ). Study of the mechanisms underlying @entity63 -induced suppression of the initiation step of translation will help to elucidate the role of protein synthesis inhibition in the development of @entity528 triggered by transient @entity2806 .

title: Mechanisms underlying suppression of protein synthesis induced by transient focal XXXX in @entity19 brain.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'Transient ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal cell injury']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is a routine surgical staging procedure in clinically lymph node-negative @entity0 . Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a technique based on the biochemical composition of the tissue, has previously been found to be capable of differentiating between normal and malignant tissue. The aim of the present study was to explore the intraoperative use of FTIR spectroscopy for rapidly identifying metastatic SLNs, and distinguishing between metastatic and non-metastatic tissue. METHODS: Freshly removed SLNs from @entity1 with @entity0 were analysed. Samples were measured by FTIR spectroscopy before histopathological diagnosis. The FTIR spectrum of each sample identified ten bands from 2000 to 900   cm(-1) . The peak position, intensity and full width at half maximum of each absorbent band were measured, and the relative intensity ratios calculated. Canonical discriminant analysis was performed to discriminate between metastatic and non-metastatic samples. RESULTS: A total of 149 SLNs were removed from 49 @entity1 . Histopathological examination confirmed 38 metastatic and 111 non-metastatic SLNs. Eighteen of 29 parameters were significantly different between the metastatic and non-metastatic SLNs. Five parameters were selected as independent factors to form discriminant functions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this method were 94  7, 90  1 and 91  3 per cent respectively. The accuracy of histological analysis of frozen sections was 100 per cent. CONCLUSION: FTIR spectroscopy is a promising technique for the real-time diagnosis of @entity1600 @entity3 during @entity0 surgery. Surgical relevance @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is a highly accurate predictor of overall axillary status and has become the standard in disease staging in clinically node-negative @entity0 . A rapid and accurate intraoperative assessment of metastatic spread to the @entity1600 provides the necessary information for the surgeon to proceed with immediate axillary dissection. The results of this research indicate that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, accurate, non-destructive and cost-effective molecular method that can be used to detect @entity1600 @entity3 during surgery. FTIR analysis could be useful for the intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 at large institutions, thereby reducing the workload of pathologists, as well as in regions lacking pathologists such as in developing countries.

title: Intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph node @entity3 in  XXXX by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A: The Schlichtungsstelle (expert panel for alternative dispute resolution) of Northern Germany, in 2001, decided on 2620 malpractice claims; 233 of these were related to the treatment of @entity65 , @entity301 being the most common. The physicians involved in these disputes represented 18 (sub-)specialities. Complaints related to procedures were the ones most frequently submitted by the @entity1 , followed by those concerning diagnostics. Negligence was found to be present in 37% of the cases, the highest proportion being due to mistakes of diagnosis, followed by organisational and system-related mistakes. Medical negligence as the cause of injury was assumed in 46/233 (20%) of the cases, the injuries being serious in 18 and fatal in 6 of the 46 @entity1 . Negligent and non-negligent @entity130 combined, amounted to 132/233 (57%) of the "cardiovascular" panel cases. B: From 1992 to 2001, we collected 165 panel cases involving cardiologists and 3 involving angiologists. In most of these the underlying disease was coronary, but in 14 cases the underlying disorder was @entity5539 . 35% of the complaints submittted by the @entity1 were about invasive procedures. 12% of the instances of negligence determined in the panel proceedings were due to procedural mistakes, whereas 47% were due to mistakes related to indication and to the monitoring of the @entity1 after procedures. Negligent @entity130 was assumed in 27%, non-negligent @entity130 in another 53% of the cases, so that the total of @entity130 amounted to 80% of the "cardio-angiologists" panel cases. 19/168 (11%) @entity1 died from @entity130 . Organization and coordination among medical @entity1 and institutions treating @entity1 need improvement. A considerable number of disputes and claims seems to be initiated and caused by deficits in doctor- @entity1 -communication. Attempts at reducing negligence and adverse events should center around those professionals actually involved in @entity1 care, where the decisions on diagnostics, indication and therapy are made. Processes promoting @entity1 safety should be based and depend on the groups cooperating in their daily work (department, practice). External influences and directives tend to be less effective.

title: [ XXXX and the subspecialties cardiology and angiology in "Schlichtungs"- Proceedings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary and venous diseases']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury', 'iatrogenic injuries']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relation of step length to the sex-specific prevalence and worsening of MRI-detected structural damage in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) among a cohort of older @entity1 and @entity1 with or at risk for @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: The @entity571 ( @entity571 ) Study is a cohort study of @entity1 aged 50-79 years with or at risk for knee @entity571 . Step length was assessed using the GAITRite system at the 60-month visit and @entity16 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) were graded on MRI at the 60 and 84-month visits. We divided step length into sex-specific quintiles and examined the relation of step length to the prevalence and worsening of @entity16 and @entity236 in the PFJ using logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), leg length and @entity75 . RESULTS: 4094 and 4083 PFJ subregions from 1053 knees were studied for the cartilage and BML analyses, respectively. Mean age was 65.6 (  8.1) years and mean BMI was 29.1 (  4.7) kg/m(2) ; 62% were female. In @entity1 , compared to those with the shortest step length those with the longest step length had 0.62 (0.43, 0.88) and 0.59 (0.40, 0.87) times the odds of @entity16 and @entity236 , respectively. There was no cross-sectional association in @entity1 , and no longitudinal association in either sex. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with PFJ structural damage may adapt their gait by shortening their step length, but this may not be sufficient to reduce risk of worsening damage over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The relation of step length to MRI detected structural damage in the patellofemoral joint: The XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['MOST', 'Multicenter Osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tibiofemoral joint structural damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions', 'BMLs']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Multicenter Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study reported on the treatment of extension contracture of the knee after surgical treatment of @entity174 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 who sustained extension contractures of the knee after surgical treatment of @entity174 8-14 months previously (mean, 12 months) were treated. A midline longitudinal approach was made. After implants were removed, adhesions between the vastus intermedius and the femur, and in the patellofemoral joint were released completely. The knee was flexed up to 110 degrees. Postoperatively, a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine was used to assist knee flexion. Physical therapy was continued at local clinics. No aids were necessary for ambulation. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were followed-up for at least 2 years (range, 2.1-7.6 years; mean, 4.6 years). The mean arc of motion of the knee improved from 72 degrees preoperatively to 123 degrees (p < 0.001). Knee function improved from an unsatisfactory grade in all 24 @entity1 preoperatively to a satisfactory grade in 21 @entity1 (p < 0.001). There were no significant surgical complications. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique has a high success rate with few complications. Above all, the surgical procedure is relatively simple. Therefore, it can be considered for indicated cases.

title: Modified Thompson quadricepsplasty to treat extension contracture of the knee after surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['patellar fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['patellar fractures']


abstract: We report the first case of @entity12045 with subsequent caseating granulomatas in the lung and @entity344 in a bone marrow transplant recipient. This phaeoid fungus has been rarely described as an @entity1292 in immunosuppressed @entity1 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1860 and underwent subsequent peripheral bone marrow transplant. After 6 months, he developed @entity2132 and severe @entity294 . Fecal bacterial cultures and @entity2803 serologies were negative. Computed tomographic scan showed a peripheral pulmonary mass. A lung wedge biopsy of the lesion showed septate branching hyphae (4-5 microm in diameter) with terminal globular structures (10 microm in diameter). The hyphae were similar in width to that of an Aspergillus species but had a more moniliform appearance. Blood cultures grew a pure culture of P. obovatum. He was treated with @entity2379 and @entity2059 for 6 months without remission of the @entity294 . Biopsies of the stomach, colon, and rectum showed @entity32 with marked crypt distortion simulating @entity30 . In retrospect, the fungus was found to be resistant to both of the aforementioned drugs and susceptible to @entity5074 and @entity7143 . The gastrointestinal findings raise the possibility of further dissemination of a partially treated @entity281 .

title: Lung infection due to opportunistic fungus, Phialemonium obovatum, in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an XXXX with @entity12045 and @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease-like involvement of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Phialemonium infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease of the skin and liver with fever']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity12045 :: ('MESH:D016469', 'Disease') :: ['Phialemonium obovatum fungemia']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['emerging infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug-induced @entity8032 is caused by the antiseizure medication @entity3174 , @entity460 channel blockers, and @entity205 . Characteristics of these drug-induced @entity8032 differ. We evaluate the ability of a @entity19 model to mimic @entity1 @entity3174 -induced @entity8032 and assess the ability of a drug to prevent its development. @entity5753 was chosen based on previous analyses of tissue-specific regulation of @entity12020 production in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts and the known roles of @entity12020 in promoting @entity82 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Data indicate that anterior gingival tissue overgrowth occurred in @entity3174 -treated @entity19 based on gross tissue observations and histomorphometry of tissue sections. Molecular markers of epithelial plasticity and @entity82 were regulated by @entity3174 in gingival epithelial tissues and in connective tissues similar to that seen in @entity1 . @entity5753 attenuated epithelial gingival tissue growth in @entity3174 -treated @entity19 and altered the expressions of markers for epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Data indicate that @entity3174 -induced @entity8032 in @entity19 mimics molecular aspects of @entity1 @entity8032 and that @entity5753 normalizes the tissue morphology and the expression of the molecular markers studied. Data are consistent with characterization of @entity3174 -induced @entity1 @entity8032 in  vivo and in  vitro characteristics of cultured @entity1 gingival epithelial and connective tissue cells. Findings suggest that @entity6817 may serve to prevent or attenuate @entity3174 -induced @entity1 @entity8032 , although specific @entity1 studies are required.

title: Prevention of XXXX -Induced Gingival Overgrowth by @entity5753 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth lesions', 'gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['Phenytoin']


abstract: Experiments were performed to evaluate short-term changes in sediment extracellular @entity3363 for a multispecific assemblage of benthic diatoms in relation to physiological status, endogenous migratory rhythms, and environmental conditions. For this purpose, a mesocosm was used, which simulated both tidal and dark: light alternating cycles under controlled conditions. Scanning electronic microscopy in combination with picture analyses indicated that natural diatom migration patterns were reproduced in the mesocosm. Two @entity21 fractions were operationally separated in colloidal @entity1735 measurements: @entity167 -soluble @entity21 (termed "soluble @entity21 ") and @entity167 -insoluble @entity21 (termed "bound @entity21 "). Microphytobenthic biomass followed a logistic-type curve and converged toward a maximal value termed the "biotic capacity of the local environment." Both @entity21 fractions @entity8544 with production during photosynthetic periods and sharp decreases during night immersion periods. Productions of both @entity21 fractions increased with Chl a production during light periods suggesting a light dependence in relation to migratory patterns. The decreases in both @entity21 fractions, which occurred during night immersion periods suggest that @entity1735 hydrolysis and/or washaway affected both @entity21 fractions similarly in benthic environments. Our results confirm the theory according to which the two distinct fractions are under different metabolic controls. No change in soluble @entity21 release was obtained during the transition from logarithmic to stationary phase. On the other hand, a metabolism modification of microalgae, probably related to @entity3104 depletion, occurred when cells entered the stationary phase, since there was a high enhancement in bound @entity21 production. Mesocosm results can serve as a system of reference useful to characterize biofilm development in field investigations and to revisit the effective implication of each @entity21 fraction in sediment stability.

title: XXXX production in relation to microphytobenthic biofilm development: an integrated approach in a tidal mesocosm.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['showed oscillations']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Suicide gene therapy combining herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene (HSVtk) and @entity4540 (GCV) is one strategy for the treatment of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism of cell death that occurs in suicide gene therapy using HSVtk and GCV and to assess the safety of that therapy. The @entity1 @entity957 cell line SAS was treated with adenovirus vector containing HSVtk gene (AdHSVtk) and GCV in vitro. Morphological changes including chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, blebbing of cell membrane, and ballooning formations were observed. Changes in the localization of phospholipids in the cell membrane were also observed. The results of flow cytometry showed a maximum of about 65% of cells in the early phase of apoptosis. In addition, DNA fragmentation was investigated using the TUNEL method in vivo. @entity19 (BALB/c AJD(-nu-), aged 4 weeks) were implanted with SAS and treated with AdHSVtk and GCV. @entity5 sections were then observed. The treatment group was confirmed to have DNA fragmentation-positive cells. These results suggest that suicide gene therapy using AdHSVtk and GCV led to apoptosis of the @entity957 cell line.

title: Cell death of @entity1 @entity957 cell line induced by herpes simplex virus XXXX kinase gene and @entity4540 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of superior peripheral iridotomy versus inferior peripheral iridotomy in the treatment of primary @entity2747 (PACG) in phakic @entity1 . METHODS: In this randomized, prospective, paired-eye comparative study, @entity1 with primary angle closure or primary angle-closure suspects were recruited and randomized to receive @entity3278 -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet (Nd:YAG) @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) superiorly in one eye and inferiorly in the other eye. @entity1 were masked to the location of treatment in each eye. The main outcome measures were patency of iridotomy, intraocular pressure (IOP), complications and visual symptoms at each postoperative visit during a 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 164 @entity1 were recruited, of whom 150 (91.46%) completed the study. The mean age was 58.85        6.4 years. Average IOP measurements before @entity1897 was 22.85        7.53 and 23.62        8.32 in superior @entity1897 and inferior @entity2194 respectively. After @entity1897 , average IOP was 25.14        2.73 and 20.97        2.72 in superior @entity1897 and inferior @entity2194 respectively. Inferior LPIs required less use of mean total laser energy to perforate the tissue (p   =   .05) and resulted in a significantly lower incidence of @entity548 at the time of treatment (p   =   .004), lower IOP elevation following treatment (p   =   .002), lower incidence of focal @entity16 (p   =   .002) and a lower post-laser @entity5890 (p   =   .04). All the 300 iridotomies were patent at 12 month follow up. CONCLUSION: The inferior @entity1897 appeared to be an efficient method of preventing @entity616 with fewer complications. @entity227 following inferior @entity1897 are similar to superior @entity1897 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet laser iridotomies in primary angle-closure diseases: superior peripheral iridotomy versus inferior peripheral iridotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['iris bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['laser peripheral iridotomy', 'LPI']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupil block']

answer: @entity3278 :: (MESH:D009354,Chemical) :: ['neodymium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare manipulative therapy (MT) plus rehabilitation to rehabilitation alone for recurrent @entity3681 with functional instability (RASFI) to determine short-term outcomes. METHODS: This was an assessor-blind, parallel-group randomized comparative trial. Thirty-three eligible @entity1 with RASFI were randomly allocated to receive rehabilitation alone or chiropractic MT plus rehabilitation. All @entity1 undertook a daily rehabilitation program over the course of the 4-week treatment period. The @entity1 receiving MT had 6 treatments over the same treatment period. The primary outcome measures were the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the visual analogue @entity158 scale, with the secondary outcome measure being joint motion palpation. Data were collected at baseline and during week 5. Missing scores were replaced using a multiple imputation method. Statistical analysis of the data composed of repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Between-group analysis demonstrated a difference in scores at the final consultation for the visual analogue scale and frequency of joint motion restrictions (P  <= .006) but not for the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (P = .26). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the @entity1 with RASFI who received chiropractic MT plus rehabilitation showed significant short-term reduction in @entity158 and the number of joint restrictions in the short-term but not disability when compared with rehabilitation alone.

title: Manipulative therapy and rehabilitation for recurrent XXXX with functional instability: a short-term, assessor-blind, parallel-group randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Iran, @entity5 is the third reason of the @entity204 and every year 500,000 new cases were detected, and 14% of all @entity204 is related to @entity5 . The most common system that is affected by @entity5 (after the skin) is gastrointestinal (GI) system. The purpose of the study is evaluation of the 7 years incidence (2002-2008) of the @entity1820 in Ilam province in the west of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, total 307 record health related to the @entity1 affected by the @entity5 were evaluated after referring to the pathologic centers of the Ilam province and neighboring provinces. @entity1 's data were recorded from their file based on the standard questionnaire. RESULT: The mean age    standard deviation of @entity1 was 63.8+1.5. More than half of @entity1 study was @entity1 (58.3%). The prevalence of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and @entity14 was significantly higher in the @entity1 than the @entity1 (unlike @entity96 ) (p<0.001). The most common site of @entity1820 were esophagus (38.1%) and stomach (34.2%) but small intestine was allocated the least prevalence (1%) to itself. The most common pathology type of @entity5 was @entity344 (68.1%). CONCLUSION: According to the high prevalence of the @entity1820 and also the ascending incidence of the @entity1 with disease in the Ilam province, special measures should be considered for the reduction of the life and property load resulted from this disease. @entity1 by introduction of the warning signs of the @entity1820 should be screened for @entity1820 .

title: A 7-Years Retrospective Study of XXXX Incidence in the Western Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal system cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in the GI system']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancers', 'GI cancer', 'gastrointestinal system cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present a new case of @entity5426 of the bladder, review 9 other previously reported cases, and discuss the unique features of our case with regard to presentation, treatment, and clinical course of @entity1 with this exceedingly rare @entity5 . The utility of multimodality therapy is emphasized. METHODS: We report the latest case of @entity5426 of the bladder. We also reviewed the world literature (MEDLINE) and discovered 9 previously reported cases of @entity5426 of the bladder. Presentation, treatment, and clinical course were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 10 cases, 2 were considered to have arisen from a preexisting @entity1494 . Two @entity1 had a history of prior gynecologic @entity5 treated with external beam radiotherapy, with subsequent @entity242 formation within the past treatment field. Two other @entity1 presented with @entity272 that predated the discovery of @entity1494 . Only 4 @entity1 presented with primary @entity1494 and no preexisting disease or previous carcinogenic exposure (except for @entity286 use). @entity811 was a universal presentation, and treatment was widely variant. Of the 10 @entity1 , 8 died during a period of follow-up of 23 months. Five @entity1 died of @entity5 -related causes. Mean survival of these 5 was 10.6 months. The 2 most recent @entity1 (including ours) were alive and @entity5 free at 8 and 32 months, respectively. Both of these @entity1 underwent multimodality oncologic approaches as part of their treatment regimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5426 of the bladder is exceedingly rare and usually fatal. Prognosis is poorer than that of @entity5426 in more traditional sites. Regional lymph nodes are typically spared, but local recurrence with eventual distant @entity3 is the rule. Optimal therapy has not been determined, but it most likely should involve a multimodal approach combining radical surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

title: XXXX of the bladder: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hemangioma', 'bladder lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas', 'Angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 receiving maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from @entity453 ( @entity453 ) often receive doses of @entity460 channel antagonists that are too low. This may be the result of physician's desire to avoid adverse side effects during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was the assessment of the safety and efficacy of incremental doses of @entity3988 for the treatment of @entity741 in ERSD @entity1 with @entity453 to identify the optimal dose of the drug. A total of 196 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 were enrolled with @entity453 showing more than 5 min of transient @entity741 during a 48-h Holter ECG monitoring. A double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial design was used. Incremental doses of @entity3988 (120 to 240 mg/d) were administered in 4 mo. With a dose of 120 and 180 mg/d, a significant reduction in the number and duration of total and symptomatic @entity63 episodes was observed (P < 0.001), but the number and the duration of silent @entity63 episodes were not reduced. Conversely, the efficacy on silent @entity741 was obtained with a dosage of @entity3988 of 240 mg/d (P < 0.001). In addition, with a sustained-release formulation (120 mg twice daily), the efficacy was similar to that obtained with four 60-mg tablets, but the safety was improved, especially during hemodialytic session. The circadian variations analysis of transient @entity63 episodes showed a significant reduction in both @entity63 peaks observed at baseline only with 240 mg/d of @entity3988 . The findings emphasize that sustained-release @entity3988 (120 mg twice daily) can be largely useful in uremic @entity1 with @entity453 on maintenance dialysis. @entity3988 reduces the number and the duration of silent @entity63 episodes, has a good tolerability, and positively modifies the circadian pattern of @entity63 episodes.

title: Sustained-release @entity3988 reduces XXXX episodes in @entity454 : a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Jugular foramen @entity808 are uncommon pathological conditions. This article is constituted for screening these @entity5 in a wide perspective. MATERIALS: One-hundred-and-ninty-nine @entity1 published in 19 articles between 1984 to 2007 years was collected from Medline/Index Medicus. RESULTS: The series consist of 83 male and 98 female. The mean age of 199 operated @entity1 was 40.4 years. The lesion located on the right side in 32 @entity1 and on the left side in 60 @entity1 . The most common presenting clinical symptoms were @entity393 , @entity392 , disphagia, @entity2055 , and hoarseness. @entity5 removal was achieved in 159 @entity1 . In fourteen @entity1 @entity5 reappeared unexpectedly. The @entity5 was thought to originate from the glossopharyngeal nerve in forty seven cases; vagal nerve in twenty six cases; and cranial accessory nerve in eleven cases. The most common @entity260 were lower @entity129 and @entity2103 . @entity5173 , @entity693 , @entity1174 and @entity2267 were seen as other complications. CONCLUSION: This review shows that jugular foramen @entity808 still have prominently high morbidity and those complications caused by postoperative lower @entity128 are life threat.

title: The jugular foramen XXXX : review of the large surgical series.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased @entity5 incidence, @entity1071 , is a complication of immunosuppression in organ transplantation. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) occur frequently during the first year after transplantation, more so in North America than in Europe. METHODS: This study audited and correlated the demographic, clinical, pathological, and outcome features of post-transplant @entity1071 (PTLDs) in a large centre in Oxford, and assessed whether the time of onset fitted more with the European or North American pattern. RESULTS: There were 1383 renal transplants in the study period and 27 @entity1 developed @entity706 : 26 @entity1893 and one @entity978 (1.95%). Four of the @entity1 never received @entity205 . The mean time of diagnosis after transplant was 46 months. Most @entity5 (21/27) presented extranodally. Management included reduction of immunosuppression, surgical excision, antiviral treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Three @entity1 presented in the first post-transplant year-0.34% of cyclosporin managed @entity1 -similar to the North American incidence, although the incidence of extranodal late PTLDs was also high (mean onset, 36 months v 15 months international mean). @entity706 were the most common @entity5 associated with @entity204 in transplant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: PTLDs occurred in 2% of renal transplant @entity1 , presenting both in the first year in association with cyclosporin use, as in North America, but also in subsequent years, giving an overall presentation time later than the international mean. The disease usually presented extranodally, accounting for the wide range of symptoms and signs. Despite awareness and active management, the disease contributed to @entity204 in more that 50% of @entity1 with PTLDs.

title: XXXX in Oxford renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders', 'particularly lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Post-transplant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHLs']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3952 -induced @entity651 is an established experimental model of @entity647 in @entity1707 and is considered to reproduce the early exudative phase of acute @entity649 . Ultrasound lung comets are an echographic sign of extravascular lung water, originating from thickened interlobular septa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the timing and relationship between the number of ultrasound lung comets, the Pao2/Fio2 ratio, and the static respiratory compliance in an experimental model of @entity3952 -induced @entity651 in @entity1707 . DESIGN: Laboratory experiment. SETTING: Research institute. SUBJECTS: Ten anesthetized @entity1707 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity647 was induced by injection of @entity3952 (0.1 mL/kg, intravenously). Ultrasound lung comets, Pao2/Fio2, and static respiratory compliance were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, 60, and 90 mins after the injection of @entity3952 . We evaluated ultrasound lung comets by transthoracic echography (7.5-MHz vascular probe), scanning on right and left hemithoraxes at 12 predefined scanning sites. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity647 /acute @entity649 was present in all @entity1707 at 90 mins. The number of ultrasound lung comets increased over time and was consistently earlier than the decrease in Pao2/Fio2. At 15 mins, ultrasound lung comets were markedly increased, but no significant changes in Pao2/Fio2 were observed. Accordingly, static respiratory compliance was dramatically reduced at 15 mins compared with baseline (17.04 +/- 1.82 vs. 34.84 +/- 2.62 mL/cm @entity2507 , p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound lung comets, assessed by transthoracic echography, detected extravascular lung water accumulation very early in the course of the @entity3952 @entity651 in @entity1707 , in the presence of a normal Pao2/Fio2. These results suggest that ultrasound lung comets could be a very early, noninvasive, and simple method to detect and quantify @entity3126 in @entity647 .

title: Early detection of @entity647 uncoupled to hypoxemia in XXXX using ultrasound lung comets.

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Upper airway distention during mask ventilation could reduce gas volumes entering the lung compared with ventilation via an endotracheal tube. Therefore, respiratory tract volumes were measured in @entity742 and tidal volumes were compared in preterm @entity1 before and after intubation. Design: In seven preterm @entity742 , volumes of the airways (oropharynx, @entity825 , lungs) were assessed. In 10 preterm @entity1 , delta pressures, tidal volumes and leak were measured during ventilation 2   min before (mask ventilation) and 2   min after intubation (endotracheal ventilation). Inflations coinciding with breaths were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Amount of upper airway distention in @entity742 and differences in inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume before and after intubation. RESULTS: In @entity742 , the combined @entity825 and oropharynx contributed to 14 (12-21) % (median (IQR), whereas the oropharynx contributed to 9 (7-10) % of the total tidal volume measured at the mouth. In preterm @entity1 , inspiratory (11.1 (7.9-22.6) mL/kg vs 5.8 (3.9-9.6) mL/kg (p=0.01)) and expiratory (8.3 (6.8-15.4) mL/kg vs 4.9 (3.9-9.6) mL/kg (p=0.02)) tidal volumes were significantly larger during mask ventilation compared with endotracheal ventilation. Leak was 18.7 (3.3-28.7) % before versus 0 (0-2.3) % after intubation (p<0.0001). Delta pressure was 23.7 (20.8-25.6) cm   @entity2507 before versus 24.8 (20.8-26.0) cm   @entity2507 after intubation (p>0.05). During mask ventilation, expiratory tidal volume increased from 10.0 (5.4-15.6) mL/kg to 11.3 (7.6-17.0) mL/kg (p=0.01), but remained unchanged during endotracheal ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: During neonatal mask ventilation, distention of the upper respiratory tract contributes to the tidal volumes measured and should be taken into account when targeting tidal volumes during mask ventilation.

title: Monitoring tidal volumes in preterm XXXX at birth: mask versus endotracheal ventilation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The implementation of guideline recommendations in primary care has become widespread. The treatment of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) has followed suite. Research shows that the use of @entity1643 guidelines is influenced by the believability of the underlying evidence, the GPs consultation style and uncertainties surrounding diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively examine the attitudes and self-reported behaviour of GPs in relation to guideline adherence for @entity1 with @entity1643 . METHOD: A mixed-method design combining a national UK-based survey of GPs and physiotherapists with an embedded qualitative study. This report focuses only on the GP interviews. We explored GPs' experience of managing @entity1643 @entity1 and the rationale for treatment offered to a @entity1 described in a written vignette. All interviews were digitally recorded, fully transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method. RESULTS: GPs encountered difficulties adhering to guideline recommendations for @entity1643 @entity1 . They experienced particular @entity2701 between recommendations to stay active versus the expectation of being prescribed rest. GPs expressed that chronic @entity1643 often poses an intractable problem requiring specialist advice. The perception that guideline recommendations are 'imposed' may create resistance, and the evidence base is not always considered believable. CONCLUSIONS: GPs acknowledge guideline recommendations but divergence occurs in implementation. This is due to GPs focussing on the whole @entity1 -not just one condition-and the importance of maintaining the doctor- @entity1 relationship, which relies on effective negotiation of mutual perceptions and expectations. Further exploration on how consultation processes can be constructed to effectively combine evidence with @entity1 -centred care is needed.

title: GP attitudes and self-reported behaviour in primary care consultations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: One hundred seventeen @entity1 with @entity354 were examined with respect to the severity of their disease and oral, dental, and salivary findings. Twenty-eight @entity1 had @entity2681 , whereas the remaining 89 @entity1 did not. No mucosal changes could be observed to be linked with the @entity354 . In the mean, the @entity1 with @entity2681 were older (54 versus 49 years), and the mean duration of their @entity354 was longer in comparison to those without @entity2681 (17 versus 11 years, respectively). The severity of the @entity354 was more marked among @entity1 with @entity2681 than in those without as assessed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the Maratka classification, histologic examination of gastric and esophageal biopsy specimens, and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in any salivary parameters studied, although the number of @entity1 with low salivary-buffering capacity was higher among those with @entity2681 than among those without. @entity1 taking beta-blocking agents or tranquilizers had more @entity2681 than those who did not take these medications. The severity of the @entity354 was not associated with any subjective symptoms in the mouth or pharynx. The frequency of consumption of acidic drinks and foodstuffs as determined by a questionnaire did not differ between the @entity1 with and without @entity2681 . Thus severe @entity354 of long duration was found to be potentially detrimental to the teeth, whereas milder forms of the disease need not cause dental side effects.

title: Oral and dental manifestations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosion', 'dental erosion']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform a 20-year @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) observational evaluation for an assessment of any manifestations of @entity792 or the appearance of autoantibodies in serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1,888 @entity1 (902 @entity1 and 986 @entity1 ) were observed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.1   12.4  years at the start of the prospective observation after finishing @entity6542 . New incidences of @entity792 and/or the presence of autoantibodies in serum were monitored. The @entity6542 group was compared with control groups consisting of @entity56 @entity1 who had very received @entity6542 and with non- @entity56 subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the @entity792 prevalence between the @entity56 @entity1 with or without @entity6542 . However, significantly higher prevalence of four different @entity792 ( @entity792 ) were observed in the non- @entity56 @entity1 during the same period. Additionally, the incidence of 8 different autoantibodies was significantly higher in non- @entity56 @entity1 than in control subjects. @entity2621 was the most common @entity792 observed. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term observational study indicated a lack of a significant prevalence of new instances of @entity792 during 20  years of observation post- @entity6542 and at a rate lower than that of non- @entity56 control subjects, suggesting that @entity6542 is safe in this regard in the long term.

title: The relationship between @entity792 and specific immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'post-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to evaluate significant contributing factors affecting the functional prognosis of floating @entity3331 using multivariate analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 68 floating @entity3331 (67 @entity1 ) were treated at Kitasato University Hospital from 1986 to 1999. Both the @entity3330 and the @entity174 were managed surgically by various methods. The functional results of these injuries were evaluated using the grading system of Karlstr  m and Olerud. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 19 years (mean 50.2 months) after the original injury. We defined satisfactory (S) outcomes as those cases with excellent or good results and unsatisfactory (US) outcomes as those cases with acceptable or poor results. Logistic regression analysis was used as a multivariate analysis, and the dependent variables were defined as a satisfactory outcome or as an unsatisfactory outcome. The explanatory variables were predicting factors influencing the functional outcome such as age at @entity130 , gender, severity of soft-tissue injury in the femur and the tibia, AO @entity174 grade in the femur and the tibia, Fraser type (type I or type II), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and fixation time after injury (less than 1 week or more than 1 week) in the femur and the tibia. RESULTS: The final functional results were as follows: 25 cases had excellent results, 15 cases good results, 16 cases acceptable results, and 12 cases poor results. The predictive logistic regression equation was as follows: Log 1-p/p = 3.12-1.52 x Fraser type - 1.65 x severity of soft-tissue injury in the tibia - 1.31 x fixation time after injury in the tibia - 0.821 x AO @entity174 grade in the tibia + 1.025 x fixation time after injury in the femur - 0.687 x AO @entity174 grade in the femur ( p=0.01). Among the variables, Fraser type and the severity of soft-tissue injury in the tibia were significantly related to the final result. CONCLUSION: The multivariate analysis showed that both the involvement of the knee joint and the severity grade of soft-tissue injury in the tibia represented significant risk factors of poor outcome in floating @entity3331 in this study.

title: Evaluation of functional outcome of the floating XXXX using multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['knee injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity161 have been found impaired in important aspects of their basic and social cognition. Our aim in this study is to explore the relationship between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) deficiencies in @entity1 that suffer the illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two Spanish-speaking inpatients and 22 healthy controls matched in age, sex, education, language dominance, and premorbid IQ were assessed in EF and ToM abilities. The former were assessed using 10 tasks that covered 5 cognitive dimensions and the latter using 3 different tasks. Correlation analyses were used to explore the level of association between executive and mentalizing abilities. A series of discriminant function analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of each executive and mentalizing task to discriminate between @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity73 in both, executive and ToM abilities. The correlation analyses showed a virtual absence of association between EF and ToM abilities within the group of @entity1 , and an almost opposite pattern within the healthy group. ToM performance was more accurate than executive performance to discriminate @entity1 from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although EFs and ToM deficits come into view together in @entity161 , they appear to belong to different and relatively independent cognitive domains.

title: Executive dysfunction in XXXX and its association with mentalizing abilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['showed impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 301 Background: There is a paucity of data on neoadjuvant GC ( @entity136 , @entity900 ) chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity150 ( @entity150 ). Our aim was to compare pathologic and survival outcomes of neoadjuvant GC and M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , @entity900 ) chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity150 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the University of Southern California (USC) Bladder @entity5 Database was performed. Between 1985 and 2011, 116 @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection for clinical stage T2-T4N0M0 @entity150 . The outcomes were pathologic complete response (pT0N0), pathologic @entity5 downstaging (pT0N0, pTaN0, pT1N0, or pTisN0), overall survival (OS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression models were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 4.5 years (range, 0 to 19.8 years). Fifty-eight @entity1 each received GC and M-VAC chemotherapy. There were no statistically significant differences between the GC and M-VAC groups with regard to pathologic complete response (27.3% versus 17.1%, p=0.419) or pathologic @entity5 downstaging (45.5% versus 37.1%, p=0.498). The predicted 5-year OS (29% versus 38%, Log rank p=0.634) and @entity1349 (36% versus 35%, Log-rank p=0.891) rates did not differ between the GC and M-VAC groups. However, in a subset of 37 @entity1 with pathologic lymph node positive disease, the predicted 1-year @entity1349 rate differed between the GC and M-VAC groups (0% versus 32%, log rank p=0.019). Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward an independent association between type of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and @entity1349 (GC versus M-VAC: HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.89, p=0.089). CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic complete response, pathologic @entity5 downstaging, and survival did not differ in @entity1 who received neoadjuvant GC and M-VAC chemotherapy. However, GC was associated with poorer @entity1349 in a subset of @entity1 with pathologic lymph node positive disease. Randomized controlled trials comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens are urgently needed.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX at the University of Southern California.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['MIBC', 'bladder cancer', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['muscle-invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The sexual double standard is the notion that @entity1 are more harshly judged for their @entity146 than @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sexual double standard could explain gender differences in bullying victimization among adolescents and the extent to which that relationship correlated with @entity308 and suicidal ideation. METHODS: Analyses were conducted using a sample of high school students (n = 13,065) from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional and national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were assessed using multiple logistic regression, gender-stratified analyses, and interaction terms. FINDINGS: Students who engaged in sexual intercourse (sexually active) had higher odds of being bullied. When this association was stratified by gender, odds of being bullying increased for @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.58-2.13) and decreased for @entity1 (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.16). Sexually active students who were bullied also displayed more than five times (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 4.71-6.78) the adjusted odds of @entity308 and three times (adjusted OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.65-4.32) the adjusted odds of suicidal ideation compared with students who reported neither of those behavioral characteristics. When stratified by gender, @entity1 had slightly higher odds of @entity308 and suicidal ideation but overall, the odds remained strong for both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide some evidence that a sexual double standard exists and may play a prominent role in bullying victimization among @entity1 . Therefore, addressing the sexual double may be important to consider when tailoring school bullying intervention programs.

title: Association between XXXX , bullying victimization and suicidal ideation in a national sample of high school students: implications of a sexual double standard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behaviors']


abstract: @entity312 are widely used insecticides in both agricultural and urban environments, and their potential movement to surface streams and @entity137 to susceptible aquatic species is an emerging concern. Natural surface waters usually contain low levels of dissolved organic matter ( @entity13304 ). Limited data have shown that @entity13304 preparations can significantly alter the bioavailability and @entity137 effects of @entity312 . However, the importance of these effects in natural waters has not been investigated. In this study we measured uptake and acute @entity137 of @entity315 and @entity317 by Daphnia species in 15 surface water samples. Low levels of @entity13304 (3-20 mg L(-1)) inhibited @entity317 uptake by Daphnia magna and acute @entity137 to Ceriodaphnia dubia in most samples. For @entity315 , the effects of @entity13304 on bioavailability and @entity137 were generally not significant. The effects of @entity13304 on bioavailability of @entity317 could not be explained from the @entity4420 concentration alone, suggesting that properties of @entity13304 were also important in regulating bioavailability. Regression of K DOC with selected @entity13304 properties revealed significant dependence of K DOC on the @entity4880 content of @entity13304 . Moreover, concentrations sensed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were well correlated with the observed changes in bioaccumulation by D. magna and acute @entity137 to C. dubia. Therefore, selective sampling methods such as SPME may be used for measuring the bioavailable concentrations of @entity312 in waters with naturally occurring @entity13304 levels and predicting the actual @entity137 effects.

title: Bioavailability of @entity315 and XXXX in surface waters with low levels of dissolved organic matter.

entities_list: @entity317 :: ('MESH:C052570', 'Chemical') :: ['cyfluthrin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids', 'Pyrethroids']

answer: @entity317 :: (MESH:C052570,Chemical) :: ['cyfluthrin']


abstract: Echocardiographic studies were performed in 86 @entity1 with right ventricular @entity1284 . In 45 of these 86 @entity1 , 58 echocardiograms were performed at different intervals in the postoperative period. For control purposes, 60 normal subjects and 18 @entity1 with right ventricular pressure overload were also examined. The right ventricular end-diastolic dimension (RVED) and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVED) were measured on the echocardiograms. The RVED/LVED ratio was significantly elevated in @entity1 with right ventricular @entity1284 . In all groups, a RVED/LVED ratio above 0.65 was usually associated with an abnormal motion of the septum; and on this basis the subjects with @entity1757 could clearly be separated from those with normal motion. After surgery, significant reductions of the RVED/LVED ratio were observed in @entity1 whose septal motion reverted to normal. The RVED/LVED ratio remained significantly higher, usually above 0.65, in @entity1 with persistent @entity1757 . These findings suggest that the relative sizes of the right and left ventricular cavities are probably major determinants of @entity1757 . Abnormal motion may result from a change in the end-diastolic shape of the septum.

title: Right and light ventricular dimensions as determinants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal motion', 'abnormal septal motion']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal motion']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of @entity3393 as an adjuvant treatment for obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms in @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) type I, @entity162 phase. METHODS/PROCEDURES: In this 16-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 58 @entity1 in the @entity162 phase of @entity162 who had OC symptoms were randomly allocated to receive @entity3393 or placebo plus their routine medications ( @entity1091 + @entity1037 + @entity2053 ). The Yale Brown Obsessive @entity146 Scale was used to assess the outcomes. Adverse effects were also recorded. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (19 in the @entity3393 group and 19 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Throughout the trial, the mean score decreased from 20.26    5.91 to 9.73    5.44 in the @entity3393 group (P < 0.000) and from 22.89    5.70 to 16.63    4.00 in the placebo group (P < 0.000). At the end of the study, 15 (78.94%) @entity1 in the @entity3393 group and 7 (36.84%) @entity1 in the placebo group demonstrated more than 34% decline in the Yale Brown Obsessive @entity146 Scale score (P < 0.01). No serious adverse effects were reported. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Our double-blind controlled clinical trial showed that @entity3393 is an effective adjuvant agent for reducing OC symptoms in @entity1 with @entity162 . However, it needs to be noted that our study is preliminary, and larger double-blind controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.

title: @entity3393 as an Adjuvant Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in XXXX Phase of @entity162 : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Compulsive Behavior']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Manic']


abstract: We have shown in a rodent model of @entity548 ( @entity548 ) that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) @entity55 and injury that are correlated with restitution of @entity10828 . As the gut is believed to contribute to distant organ @entity32 after shock, the current study sought to determine if the protective effects of plasma would extend to the gut and to elucidate the contribution of @entity10828 to this protective effect. We also examined the potential role of @entity637 , and @entity32209 , both intestinal sheddases of @entity10828 . @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity10828 (KO) @entity19 were subjected to @entity548 followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR) or FFP and compared with shock alone and shams. Small bowel and blood were obtained after 3 h for analysis of mucosal @entity32 and @entity637 and @entity32209 protein expression and activity. After @entity548 , gut @entity32 were significantly increased compared with shams. Resuscitation with LR decreased both @entity32 that were further lessened by FFP. KO @entity19 displayed worsened gut @entity32 after @entity548 compared with @entity164 @entity19 , and LR and FFP equivalently inhibited @entity32 . Both systemic and intestinal @entity637 and @entity32209 followed similar trends, with increases after @entity548 , reduction by LR, and a further decrease by FFP in @entity164 but not KO @entity19 . In conclusion, FFP decreased gut @entity32 after @entity548 , an effect that was abrogated in @entity10828 @entity19 . Plasma also decreased @entity637 and @entity32209 , representing a potential mechanistic link to its protection via @entity10828 .

title: Plasma-Mediated Gut Protection After @entity548 is Lessened in XXXX -/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['reduces lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity32209 :: ('11491(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ADAM-17', 'a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17']

answer: @entity10828 :: (20969(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Syndecan-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11525 Background: @entity1 with a clinical presentation of locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) need expedited diagnosis so that management can be initiated promptly. Well coordinated rapid diagnostic centres with triple assessment capability are generally not available in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Waits for image guided biopsy delay referral for neo-adjuvant treatment. A pilot LABC out- @entity1 clinic was established at the BC Cancer Agency-Fraser Valley Centre in 2009. @entity1 presenting with clinical findings suggestive of LABC could be immediately referred by the family physician or surgeon for medical oncology assessment, and were seen with a median wait time of 7 days. Those without tissue diagnosis were also seen by breast surgeons the same day. If deemed suitable, breast clinical core biopsies (CCB) were immediately obtained by the surgeon using a 10 gauge vacuum assisted core biopsy needle. Success of this procedure was defined as achieving diagnosis with pathological receptor status without a second biopsy procedure. METHODS: Between @entity3490 (st) 2009-November 30(th) 2010, twenty @entity1 were referred to the LABC clinic with no tissue diagnosis and no known @entity3 . They were assessed by breast surgeons for possible expedited diagnosis. Clinical information was reviewed in detail regarding the success rate of CCB. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 ranging in age 38 to 83 underwent the procedure, with no surgical complications. The described clinical @entity5 size was larger than the reported imaging size in 90% of cases. Overall, 16/20 biopsies were successful. Four @entity1 required further image guided biopsies, resulting in a gap of 6 - 13 days (median-7 days) from consultation to diagnosis. All clinical presentations with skin changes resulted in successful biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of a triple assessment diagnostic centre, CCB can result in rapid diagnosis in 80% of @entity1 with LABC, reducing wait times for neo-adjuvant treatment. Success rate of this procedure was increased in the presence of clinical skin changes.

title: Clinical core biopsy of locally advanced XXXX performed in the physician's office without image guidance: Expedited pathway to diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a long-term in vitro culture of the fibroblasts obtained from burn wounds. METHODS: Skin samples were harvested from normal volunteers and the deep partial @entity121 burn wound in burn @entity1 on the 5th, 10th, 21st, 28th and 35th @entity227 ( @entity227 ). The non-dermal tissue was removed from the samples and primed by @entity1216 solution in concentration of 2.5 g/L. The skin sample was then digested by trypsin- @entity1098 in concentration of 1.25 g/L and was centrifuged before the cells were harvested and cultured. When the cells grew nearly to form sheet, multiple passage culture, freezing storage and revivification were carried out with routine methods. The cell morphology was continuously observed during the culture. And the cell doubling time was calculated. RESULTS: The wound-origin fibroblasts exhibited higher purity and better activity. The cellular growth features and gross morphology kept stable during primary and secondary culture, and during freezing storage and after revivification. The cells kept their activity above 80% of their original after many times of revivification. CONCLUSION: The establishment of the in vitro culture of fibroblasts from burn wounds might be useful in the exploration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic measures of scars.

title: [Long-term in vitro culture of the fibroblasts from the deep partial XXXX burn wound in burn @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PBDs', 'postburn days']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is an important cluster of @entity301 risk factors with common insulin resistance. The extent to which the @entity209 is associated with demographic and potentially modifiable lifestyle factors in the US population is unknown. METHODS: Metabolic syndrome-associated factors and prevalence, as defined by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, were evaluated in a representative US sample of 3305 black, 3477 Mexican American, and 5581 white @entity1 and nonpregnant or lactating @entity1 aged 20 years and older who participated in the cross-sectional Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS: The @entity209 was present in 22.8% and 22.6% of US @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively (P =.86). The age-specific prevalence was highest in Mexican Americans and lowest in blacks of both sexes. Ethnic differences persisted even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. The @entity209 was present in 4.6%, 22.4%, and 59.6% of normal-weight, overweight, and @entity28 @entity1 , respectively, and a similar distribution was observed in @entity1 . Older age, postmenopausal status, Mexican American ethnicity, higher body mass index, current smoking, low household income, high @entity1735 intake, no @entity167 consumption, and physical inactivity were associated with increased odds of the @entity209 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity209 is present in more than 20% of the US adult population; varies substantially by ethnicity even after adjusting for body mass index, age, socioeconomic status, and other predictor variables; and is associated with several potentially modifiable lifestyle factors. Identification and clinical management of this high-risk group is an important aspect of @entity301 prevention.

title: The XXXX : prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) forces and tendon displacements change after pisotriquetral arthrodesis or after pisiform excision. METHODS: Nine cadaver wrists were moved through 4 variations of a dart throw motion, each having an oblique plane of motion, but with different ranges of motion and different antagonistic forces. The @entity1795 tendon force and movement were measured in the intact wrist, following pisotriquetral arthrodesis, and following pisiform excision. Changes in force and tendon movement were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: After excision of the pisiform, a significantly greater @entity1795 force was required during the 2 variations of the dart throw motion having a larger range of motion and during the smaller motion having a larger antagonistic force. Pisotriquetral arthrodesis did not cause a significant increase in the peak @entity1795 force. Excision of the pisiform caused the @entity1795 tendon to significantly retract during all wrist motions as compared to the intact wrist or after pisotriquetral arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: Greater @entity1795 forces are required to move the wrist when the pisiform with its moment arm function has been removed. This occurs during large oblique plane wrist motions and also in a smaller motion when greater antagonistic forces are applied. Excision of the pisiform also allows the @entity1795 to move proximally, again because its moment arm function has been eliminated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Excision of the pisiform requires greater @entity1795 forces during large wrist motions and during motions that include large gripping forces such that excision may be a concern in high-demand @entity1 with @entity625 . Although pisotriquetral arthrodesis does not alter the mechanical advantage of the @entity1795 , its use in high-demand @entity1 with @entity571 cannot yet be recommended until the effects of that arthrodesis on midcarpal kinematics are further clarified.

title: Effect of pisiform excision or pisotriquetral arthrodesis as a treatment for XXXX : a biomechanical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['pisotriquetral osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['pisotriquetral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor carpi ulnaris', 'FCU']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['pisotriquetral arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1998, when data of a meta-analysis on @entity440 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) had suggested a little advantage for this treatment, we published the results of a multicenter randomised controlled trial, that showed no survival benefit for @entity440 vs. control. Here we report an updated analysis of the study results 4.5 years after the closure of enrollment. METHODS: The study had a planned sample size of 480 @entity1 . @entity1 with any stage @entity157 were eligible, irrespective of locoregional treatment. @entity440 was given orally, 40 mg/die, from randomisation until @entity204 . RESULTS: 496 @entity1 were randomised by 30 Institutions from January 1995 to January 1997. Information was available for 477 @entity1 . As of July 2001, 374 @entity204 (78%) were recorded, and median survival times were 16 and 15 months (p=0.54), in the control and @entity440 arm. Data were further analysed separately for advanced @entity1 and for those eligible to potentially curative locoregional treatments: relative hazard of @entity204 for @entity1 receiving @entity440 was equal to 0.98 (95% CI 0.76-1.25) for the former group and 1.38 (95% CI 0.95-2.01) for the latter. The prognostic score recently devised by our group (CLIP score) was, as expected, strictly correlated (p<0.0001) to the locoregional treatment received and strongly correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: the update of the present study confirms that @entity440 is not effective in prolonging survivals, both in advanced @entity1 and in those potentially curable and that the CLIP score is able to predict prognosis.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity157 : 5-year results of the CLIP-1 multicentre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity409 is an early manifestation of @entity731 . @entity32 and vasa vasorum play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of plaque initiation, development, and complications. Optical coherence tomography allows high-resolution imaging of tissue microstructure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that segments with @entity409 show macrophages and vasa vasorum in @entity1 with early @entity453 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography images were obtained from 40 @entity1 with mild @entity453 who underwent coronary endothelial function assessment. Optical coherence tomography findings, including macrophages and microchannels, were evaluated in 76 coronary segments corresponding to those in endothelial response to @entity934 . Coronary artery diameter change in response to @entity934 was more severe in segments showing macrophages (-17.7  14.7% versus -6.3  13.9%; P<0.01) and microchannels (-15.9  15.9% versus -6.4  13.5%; P<0.01) than those without. There were increasing trends of the prevalence of macrophages and microchannels with @entity409 as stratified by quartiles of coronary artery diameter change (P<0.01 and P=0.02 for trend, respectively). In particular, segments with both macrophages and microchannels (n=12) tended to have worse endothelial function than those with macrophages alone (n=15) and microchannels alone (n=15; -22.1  14.6% versus -10.9  15.6% and -10.9  15.6%; P=0.07 and P=0.06, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 was associated with optical coherence tomography -identified macrophages and microchannels in mild @entity453 . The current study further supports the role of @entity32 and vasa vasorum proliferation in the early stage of @entity453 .

title: Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with @entity32 and vasa vasorum proliferation in @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction', 'Epicardial endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize current evidence on outcomes and complications of @entity1069 as a treatment for @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity1067 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A database search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed for published literature up to August 2015 concerning PAE in the treatment of BPH. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied by two independent reviewers, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Peer-reviewed studies concerning PAE with BPH with a sample size >10 and at least one measured parameter were included. RESULTS: The search yielded 193 articles, of which ten studies representing 788 @entity1 , with a mean age of 66.97  years, were included. @entity1 had LUTS ranging from moderate to severe. At 6  months following procedure, PV, PVR, Qmax, IPSS, and QoL were significantly improved (P  <  0.05), while for PSA there was no significant change. At 12 and 24  months, PV, PSA, PVR, Qmax, IPSS, and QoL were significantly improved (P  <  0.05). IIEF was unchanged at 6 and 12  months but was significantly reduced at 24  months. CONCLUSION: This suggests that PAE is effective in treating LUTS in the short and intermediate term.

title: A Systematic Review of Prostatic Artery Embolization in the Treatment of Symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic artery embolization']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An epidemiological association implicating diet in @entity8787 risk or protection is widely accepted. @entity1 with @entity8787 often make links to diet, but there is a dearth of literature exploring dietary perceptions and practices in this population. Our objective was to evaluate dietary beliefs and behaviors in @entity8787 @entity1 . METHODS: We developed a questionnaire assessing demographics, dietary beliefs and habits in @entity8787 @entity1 . This was prospectively administered to 400 consecutive @entity1 attending our @entity8787 clinics. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 48.4 years; 55% were female, 88% white, 39% had @entity30 and 51% had @entity31 . Around 48% felt that diet could be the initiating factor in @entity8787 and 57% felt it could trigger a flare. Worsening symptoms with certain foods was reported by 60%. About 66% deprived themselves of their favorite foods in order to prevent relapse. Three-fourth of @entity1 believed that @entity8787 affects appetite, more so during a relapse. Nearly half had never received any formal dietary advice, and two-thirds requested for further dietary advice. After adjusting for other predictors, the @entity8787 subtype and ethnicity of the @entity1 remained as significant factors for influencing beliefs held by @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity1 hold beliefs pertaining to the role of diet in @entity8787 , with a high level of consistency around key perceived triggers. Whether all the symptoms reported are due to active @entity32 cannot be ascertained, but the potential exists for dietary components triggering active disease and perpetuating @entity130 , impacting on quality of life and health care costs.

title: Dietary Practices and Beliefs in XXXX with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gut injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']