abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Computational analysis using the finite-element method was used to examine a possible etiology of @entity2112 . OBJECTIVES: To compare changes in the coronal and the transverse planes of @entity1514 with changes produced in a finite-element buckling model, and to investigate the influence of bone modeling on the buckling spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although it is now widely accepted that growth is related strongly to the onset and progression of @entity1635 , the pathomechanism or etiology of @entity2112 still is not clear. A previous study showed that a buckling phenomenon caused by anterior spinal overgrowth can produce @entity1635 , and that the fourth buckling mode matched the clinical characteristics associated with the thoracic type of @entity2112 . The fourth buckling mode occurs when the first, second, and third buckling modes are prevented. METHODS: The spinal finite-element model used in this study consisted of 68,582 elements and 84,603 nodes. The transverse changes seen in the computed tomography images of 41 @entity1 with @entity1514 (apex, T8; average Cobb angle, 52.5 degrees) were compared with those produced in the fourth buckling mode. Bone modeling (bone formation and resorption) was simulated as @entity85 caused by changes in temperature. The bone formation and resorption were simulated, respectively, by positive and negative volume changes in proportion to the stress that occurred in the buckling spine. RESULTS: Computed tomography images of @entity1635 show that as the @entity1635 becomes more severe, the thoracic cage decreases on the convex side of the curve and increases on the concave side. The opposite thoracic cage deformation was obtained in the fourth buckling mode. In @entity1 with @entity1635 , the sternum essentially remains in its original position with respect to the vertebrae, but in the linear buckling model, it shifted in the direction of vertebral body rotation. In contrast to clinical data, the @entity85 resulting from bone formation corrected the original curve, and the thoracic cage distorted. On the other hand, @entity85 resulting from bone resorption worsened the original curve, and the thoracic cage distorted in a manner similar to that described by the clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: This computational investigation suggests that scoliotic changes in the spinal column triggered by the buckling phenomenon are counteracted by bone formation, but worsened by bone resorption. The authors hypothesized that @entity1635 progressed with resorption of loaded bone. However, it is unclear whether this hypothesis applies to a living body in practice because of the effects from additional factors.

title: Buckling and bone modeling as factors in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['incremental deformation', 'heat deformation']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and precise pathology of articular @entity1844 after @entity8043 . TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: In 39 consecutive knees with @entity8043 , the articular @entity1844 were examined using arthroscopy or macroscopic observation. RESULTS: Thirty-seven knees (95%) had articular cartilage @entity3331 (5%) had no @entity1844 . In all 37 knees (95%), articular @entity1844 were observed in the patella. The appearances were categorized into 3 groups: cracks alone (9 knees), @entity1844 caused by osteochondral or chondral @entity174 (7 knees), and cartilage defects caused by osteochondral or chondral @entity174 associated with cracks (21 knees). The main site of osteochondral @entity174 was the medial facet, and the main site of cracks was the central dome. Twelve knees (31%) had @entity1844 of the lateral femoral condyle. CONCLUSIONS: From this study, articular @entity1844 , especially of the patella, seem to be common occurrences after @entity8043 . @entity130 of the patella were classified into 3 groups.

title: @entity130 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage defect', 'cartilage injuries', 'cartilage injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['injuries of the patellofemoral joint and 2 knees']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['initial lateral patellar dislocation', 'acute patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Chondral and osteochondral injuries']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['acute patellar dislocation']


abstract: To examine whether @entity5023 (FP) dose-dependently inhibits inflammatory as well as structural changes, Brown @entity35 were sensitised to ovalbumin (OA) on day 0 and 7. From day 14-28, @entity35 were exposed to aerosolised OA (1%) or @entity1391 buffered saline every 2 days. Thirty minutes before each allergen exposure, animals were pre-treated with aerosolised placebo or FP (0.1, 1 or 10 mg) or @entity617 3 mg x kg(-1) i.p. At day 29, 0.1 mg FP had no measurable effect, either on inflammatory or structural changes, such as goblet cell hyperplasia and airway wall thickening. The allergen-induced @entity32 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the airway mucosa, as well as increased fibronectin deposition, were inhibited by treatment with FP from a dose of 1 mg onwards. Inhibition of goblet cell hyperplasia and thickening of the airway wall required 10 mg inhaled FP. At this dose, systemic effects were observed. However, for a comparable degree of systemic activity, @entity617 was far less effective at preventing airway changes. The dose of inhaled @entity5023 required to inhibit allergen-induced structural alterations was higher than to prevent eosinophil influx, and caused systemic side-effects. However, for a similar systemic activity, @entity617 was ineffective in preventing airway remodelling.

title: Dose-related effect of inhaled @entity5023 on allergen-induced airway changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increase in eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal adhesions are the most frequent @entity260 after abdominopelvic surgery. Our laboratory has previously shown that an intraoperative peritoneal lavage containing either the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) or a @entity16325 antagonist (NK-1RA) reduced adhesions by approximately 50% in a @entity35 model. The objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of these 2 drugs was more effective in reducing adhesions than either alone. METHODS: @entity35 underwent laparotomy with creation of peritoneal @entity63 buttons to induce adhesions. A single dose of @entity2052 (25  mg/kg), NK-1RA (50  mg/kg), a combination of both, or 0.9% saline was lavaged intraperitoneally just before wound closure. On postoperative day 7, adhesions were quantified. To investigate early mechanisms of adhesiogenesis, adhesions were created as described and adhesive button tissue was harvested at 30  minutes and 3  hours postoperatively and fibrinogen and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) protein levels, both indices of peritoneal extravasations, were determined by Western blot analysis. Peritoneal fluid was collected in similar experiments at 30  minutes, and 3 and 6  hours to measure fibrinolytic activity, an index of the ability of the peritoneum to degrade fibrinous adhesions. RESULTS: The coadministration of @entity2052 plus NK-1RA reduces adhesions by 72.6% relative to saline (P  <  .001); this reduction was greater than either compound alone (P  <  .001). Peritoneal fibrinolytic activity was significantly increased at 3 and 6  hours postoperatively in animals administered the combination therapy versus saline (P  =  .01). @entity2052 plus NK-1RA significantly decreased fibrinogen and @entity6667 protein levels at 3 and 6  hours compared with saline controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a combined pharmacologic approach targeting multiple adhesiogenic pathways provides optimal adhesion prevention.

title: Combined intraoperative administration of a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a @entity16325 antagonist synergistically reduces intra-abdominal adhesion formation in  a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The study consists of a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Besides medical and sociodemographic data, two personality factors--self-efficacy and locus of control--were found to predict @entity282 . Self-efficacy describes the expectations of a @entity1 to successfully execute the behavior required to produce behavioral outcomes. Locus of control, in the extreme case, is a personality factor which is represented by an internal orientation in which the individual believes that rewards are brought about by his own action, versus an external orientation, in which the individual believes that rewards are the result of powerful others or chance factors and fate. We postulate that the two personality factors correlate with postoperative parameters of @entity158 and that there are also multiple correlations between them. METHODS: For the two personality factors we applied two questionnaires which were given to the @entity1 preoperatively. One is well established and the second one was developed and tested especially for this study by us. We used subjective @entity158 , demand for and quantity of analgetics as parameters of @entity282 until the 3rd day after surgery. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of 56 @entity1 revealed that the two personality factors proved to be the most relevant and significant factors (p<0.05-0.001) to predict and also to explain high rate of variance up to 60% of @entity282 . @entity1 with a high expectation of self-efficacy in @entity158 management and an internal locus of control had a significantly lower subjective @entity158 , demand for and quantity of analgetics than @entity1 with low expectations of self-efficacy or a high external orientation with chance factor and fate in control. Medical and sociodemographic variables did not predict any parameters of @entity158 . Some surgical factors were kept constant. DISCUSSION: These findings underline the importance of personality factors also in @entity282 , which can be predicted by self-efficacy and locus of control. This result means for us that self-efficacy and locus of control influence the cognates of personal @entity158 perception within the context of the individual history of experiences and seem to be changeable preoperatively by special psychological training.

title: [Predictability of XXXX after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with self-efficacy and locus of control].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the time course changes in liver histology during @entity544 ( @entity515 ) @entity516 in a large animal model. METHODS: For this study, 14 white @entity1707 were anesthetized. Liver biopsies performed 0, 1, and 2 h after establishment of @entity515 @entity516 (at 12 mmHg) and after peritoneal desufflation were sent for histologic examination. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, hepatic artery flow, portal vein flow, and aortic flow were recorded in 10-min increments. Three animals served as control subjects. RESULTS: A statistically significant time course increase was observed in portal @entity32 , intralobular @entity32 , @entity4 , @entity384 , @entity5501 , @entity384 , centrilobular @entity450 , @entity63 , and focal @entity39 scores. There were no significant changes in the control group. This eliminated an effect of anesthesia only. The portal vein flow increased as much as 21%, and the hepatic artery flow decreased as much as 31% of baseline, but these differences did not attain statistical significance. Aortic flow remained relatively stable. CONCLUSION: Histomorphologic changes occurred, indicating @entity99 during @entity515 @entity516 at an intraabdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in the porcine model. Portal vein flow increased, and hepatic artery flow decreased, whereas aortic flow remained relatively unaffected in this experiment.

title: Liver histology alterations during XXXX @entity516 in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['pericentrilobular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['lytic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal dilation', 'centrilobular dilation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver tissue injury']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changing diet and physical activity behaviour is one of the cornerstones of @entity164 2 @entity6 treatment, but changing behaviour is challenging. The objective of this study was to identify behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention features of dietary and physical activity interventions for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 that are associated with changes in HbA1c and body weight. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of papers published between 1975-2015 describing @entity23 ( @entity23 ) that focused exclusively on both diet and physical activity. The constituent BCTs, intervention features and methodological rigour of these interventions were evaluated. Changes in HbA1c and body weight were meta-analysed and examined in relation to use of BCTs. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity23 were identified. Meta-analyses revealed reductions in @entity4051 c at 3, 6, 12 and 24  months of -1.11  % (12  mmol/mol), -0.67  % (7  mmol/mol), -0.28  % (3  mmol/mol) and -0.26  % (2  mmol/mol) with an overall reduction of -0.53  % (6  mmol/mol [95  % CI -0.74 to -0.32, P   <   0.00001]) in intervention groups compared to control groups. Meta-analyses also showed a reduction in body weight of -2.7  kg, -3.64  kg, -3.77  kg and -3.18  kg at 3, 6, 12 and 24  months, overall reduction was -3.73  kg (95  % CI -6.09 to -1.37  kg, P   =   0.002). Four of 46 BCTs identified were associated with >0.3  % reduction in HbA1c: 'instruction on how to perform a behaviour', 'behavioural practice/rehearsal', 'demonstration of the behaviour' and 'action planning', as were intervention features 'supervised physical activity', 'group sessions', 'contact with an exercise physiologist', 'contact with an exercise physiologist and a dietitian', 'baseline HbA1c >8  %' and interventions of greater frequency and intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Diet and physical activity interventions achieved clinically significant reductions in HbA1c at three and six months, but not at 12 and 24  months. Specific BCTs and intervention features identified may inform more effective structured lifestyle intervention treatment strategies for @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in XXXX 2 @entity6 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: In the past few decades, 10 cases of @entity6159 , @entity7289 , including two subconjunctival @entity281 , have been reported in @entity1 . In the majority of cases, Onchocerca cervicalis, O. gutturosa or O. dewittei, which normally infect @entity1641 , @entity291 and @entity1707 , respectively, were responsible for the lesions. However, the taxonomic status of the parasites involved in the two subconjunctival @entity281 , both of which were European, has never been unambiguously determined. In such @entity281 , the acute phase appears to be characterized by @entity2024 . A single, strongly coiled, immature, female worm was found incorporated in a large granulomatous nodule, in the ocular and peri-ocular tissues, in the chronic stage of each of the two @entity5517 . Several, patent, sporadic cases of subconjunctival O. @entity281 have recently been reported in @entity235 . In terms of the location of the worms, clinical signs and histopathology, these @entity235 @entity281 were very similar to those seen in the two @entity1 @entity1 with @entity5517 . When the parasites recovered from @entity1 eyes were compared morphologically with the Onchocerca spp. infecting animals in Europe, they appeared to be most similar to O. lupi. Although O. lupi is normally a parasite of @entity235 , it may thus also be responsible for aberrant, zoonotic, subconjunctival @entity281 in @entity1 .

title: Subconjunctival @entity7289 in XXXX : aberrant infection with Onchocerca lupi?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['eye infection', 'eye infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lupi infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 and @entity308 are the most common @entity74 in kidney transplant recipients that may affect disease process and graft survival. OBJECTIVE: Based on the types of kidney donation in our country, living vs. cadaveric donation, we conducted this study to compare psychological problems in renal recipients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on kidney transplant recipients who were categorized according to their donors to "living" and "cadaveric" groups. @entity1 with stable condition were followed monthly in outpatient clinics. The psychological status of each @entity1 was assessed by clinical interview and Spielberg State Trait @entity148 Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The calculated Cronbach alpha for the reliability of the total scale was 0.95. RESULTS: We recruited 120 recipients (60 @entity1 in each group of living and cadaveric donor transplantation) for the study. There was no significant difference in demographic data between two studied groups (p>0.05). The mean  SD @entity148 score was significantly lower among living transplant recipients compared to cadaveric transplant recipients (80.2  15.2 vs. 86.9  18.8 p=0.03). We also found significant relation between @entity308 score and kind of graft donation (11.6  5.7 in living vs. 16.4  9.4 in cadaveric groups; p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Psychological problems such as @entity308 and @entity148 are significantly higher in cadaveric than living renal recipients. Periodic psychological evaluations should be recommended for kidney transplant recipients, especially for the cadaveric group.

title: XXXX : A Comparison between Living and Cadaveric Renal Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Anxiety and Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of treatment-related @entity137 , research is increasingly being focused on long-term sequelae secondary to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in survivor populations. METHODS: This study describes the incidence of auditory, sensory, motor, and @entity227 , including @entity231 , among 235 individuals who were treated with HSCT during childhood or adolescence. Outcomes were compared with 705 siblings of childhood @entity5 survivors. @entity1 completed a survey with questions on posttransplant organ system impairments. Approximately half of survivors were transplanted when younger than 10 years of age. The median length of followup was 11 years. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of @entity231 was 36% at 15 years post-HSCT, although @entity231 occurred only in those who received total body irradiation as an HSCT conditioning agent or head irradiation before transplant. Persistent @entity158 was reported by 21% of survivors. Loss of hearing in one or both ears, and @entity1939 in @entity735 , each occurred after transplant in 2% of survivors. Occurrences were uncommon, but survivors were 4.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-9.4) more likely to report coordination problems, 7.7 times (95% CI: 3.2-18.5) more likely to report chewing or swallowing problems, and 3.5 times (3.5; 95% CI: 1.6-7.9) more likely to report muscle weakness than those in the comparison group. Muscle weakness was strongly associated with positive history of @entity2132 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased risks were found for @entity73 , @entity393 , @entity1018 , and persistent @entity158 among study @entity1 . @entity231 were a frequent adverse effect, suggesting that close monitoring with appropriate intervention for preservation of vision, particularly among those who received total body irradiation, should be a primary goal in survivors of HSCT performed in childhood.

title: Visual, auditory, sensory, and XXXX in long-term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation performed in childhood: results from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairments']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'Cataracts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['one or both eyes']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['motor impairments']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of a specific navigation system integrating "mirroring" computational planning in the treatment of midfacial @entity174 by comparing planned with actual postoperative 3-dimensional (3D) images. @entity1 AND METHODS: Preoperative planned and postoperative 3D computed tomographic (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) images of 20 @entity1 with midfacial @entity174 were analyzed. Images were fused using dedicated software (iPlan Cranial 2.6). They were imported in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format to open-source software (Meshlab) and resized to delineate the surgically repositioned portion of bone. The images were imported in STL format to ad hoc software for calculating the surface differences between the 2 3D images. The distribution of the differences was assessed using boxplots for each @entity1 , and the proportion of the actual image close to the planned image was estimated by the proportion of values within an accuracy cutoff set at   2 mm. RESULTS: The mean difference between the 2 3D surfaces was 0.12 mm. The proportion of values between the 2 surfaces and included within the interval of accuracy was greater than 90% in 6 @entity1 (30%), 80 to 90% in 6 @entity1 (30%), 50 to 80% in 7 @entity1 (35%), and less than 50% in 1 @entity1 (5%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that post-traumatic midfacial reconstruction can be accurately approximated and thus predicted by a specific navigation system integrating "mirroring" computational planning for most @entity1 . Further study should examine risk factors for inaccurate prediction.

title: How accurate is the treatment of midfacial XXXX by a specific navigation system integrating "mirroring" computational planning? Beyond mere average difference  analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Photoreceptor degenerations can trigger morphological alterations in second-order neurons, however, the functional implications of such changes are not well known. We conducted a longitudinal study, using whole-cell patch-clamp, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to correlate physiological with anatomical changes in bipolar cells of the @entity27763 @entity19 - a model of @entity6391 . Rod bipolar cells (RBCs) showed progressive changes in @entity10880 -induced currents with advancing rod @entity528 . Significant changes in response amplitude and kinetics were observed as early as postnatal day (P)20, and by P45 the response amplitudes were reduced by 91%, and then remained relatively stable until 6 months. These functional changes correlated with the loss of rod photoreceptors and @entity10880 receptor expression. Moreover, we showed that RBCs make transient ectopic connections with cones during progression of the disease. At P45, ON-cone bipolar cells (ON-CBCs) retain @entity10880 responses for longer periods than the RBCs, but by about 6 months these cells also strongly downregulate @entity10880 expression. We propose that the relative longevity of @entity10880 responses in CBCs is due to the slower loss of the cones. In contrast, ionotropic @entity2227 receptor expression and function in OFF-CBCs remains normal at 6 months despite the loss of synaptic input from cones. Thus, @entity2227 receptor expression is differentially regulated in bipolar cells, with the metabotropic receptors being absolutely dependent on synaptic input. These findings define the temporal window over which bipolar cells may be receptive to photoreceptor repair or replacement.

title: Differential loss and preservation of XXXX receptor function in bipolar cells in the @entity27763 @entity19 model of @entity6391 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e17518 Background: To determine a recommended dose (RD) of radiotherapy using @entity11139 for unresectable @entity1149 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had unresectable stage III @entity1149 , age of less than 75 years, PS: 0 or 1, V20 of 35% or less. PET was used for staging. @entity900 (80mg/m(2)) was administered on day 1 and @entity1206 (20mg/m(2)) was administered on days 1 and 8 for first cycle. Twice-daily 3D-CRT (1.5 Gy per fraction) without elective nodal irradiation started on day 1. Total doses were 60 Gy in 40 fractions and 66 Gy in 44 fractions at levels 1 and 2 respectively. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy regimen was @entity900 (80mg/m(2)) on day 1 and @entity1206 (20mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 every 4 week for three cycles. The dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as grade >= a3 @entity2910 , grade 3 @entity221 , grade >= a3 other non-hematologic @entity137 and interruption of irradiation for more than 2 weeks. DLT was monitored for 90 days. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 were enrolled (n=6,4 in the levels 1,2). DLTs were noted in 2 @entity1 at Level 1,which were grade 3 @entity2910 and the other grade 3 @entity1398 . Radiation dose was escalated up to 66 Gy in 44 fractions (Level 2), and there was no DLT in level 2. In principle, Sixty-six Gy in 44 fractions (Level 2) should be the RD. Major @entity137 were @entity1210 , @entity1398 , and @entity417 . The response rate (RR) and 1-year survival rate was 83.3% and 91.7%, respectively. The progression free survival time was 11.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The RD was 66 Gy in 44 fractions (Level 2). The @entity137 of this chemoradiothrapy regimen was managiable and efficacy is promissing. Phase II study is warranted.

title: Dose-escalation study of chemoradiotherapy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) and concurrent chemotherapy ( @entity900 and XXXX ) for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is often a delay of more than 12 h in transferring @entity1 with penetrating @entity1049 from outlying hospitals to a regional referral centre. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether primary suture of a penetrating @entity1049 in the presence of delayed presentation, shock, peritoneal contamination or associated @entity130 leads to increased morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: @entity1 with penetrating @entity1049 were randomized to primary closure or colostomy. @entity1 were compared with regard to interval from injury to operation, associated @entity130 , duration of @entity260 and hospital stay. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty @entity1 were seen over a 69-month period. The interval from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 56 h, and was similar in the two treatment groups. @entity260 were similar in the two groups but there were significant differences in operation time (mean(s.d.) 127.1(45.8) min for primary repair and 142.3(43.0) min for colostomy; P = 0.009) and length of hospital stay (mean (range) 9 (6-56) versus 26 (13-64) days respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Delay from time of penetrating @entity1049 is not a contraindication to primary repair. :

title: Randomized clinical trial to determine if delay from time of penetrating XXXX precludes primary repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'operation, postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injury', 'colonic injuries']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the injury history features reported by @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and determine whether history may be used to identify @entity1 requiring follow-up appointments from acute @entity130 services. METHODS: Multisite cross-sectional service evaluation using a survey questionnaire design conducted in the UK. The four injury history features investigated were 'leg giving way at the time of injury', 'inability to continue activity immediately following injury', 'marked effusion' and 'pop (heard or felt) at the time of injury'(LIMP). RESULTS: 194 @entity1 with @entity130 were identified, of which 165 (85.5%) attended an acute @entity130 service. Data on delay was available for 163 (98.8%)   of these @entity1 of which 120 (73.6%) had a follow-up appointment arranged. @entity1 who had a follow-up appointment arranged waited significantly less time for a correct diagnosis (geometric mean 29 vs 198 days; p<0.001) and to see a specialist consultant (geometric mean 61 vs 328 days; p<0.001). Using a referral threshold of any two of the four LIMP injury history features investigated, 95.8% of @entity1 would have had a follow-up appointment arranged. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the value of questioning @entity1 on specific injury history features in identifying @entity1 who may have suffered @entity130 . Using a threshold of two or more of the four LIMP history features investigated would have reduced the percentage of @entity1 inappropriately discharged by 22.2%. Evidence presented suggests that this would significantly reduce the time to diagnosis and specialist consultation minimising the chance of secondary complications.

title: The use of history to identify anterior cruciate @entity130 in the acute XXXX setting: the 'LIMP index'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) is an important provocateur of @entity741 in many @entity1 with chronic @entity453 . The majority of laboratory assessments of @entity63 in response to @entity1032 have included measurements of either myocardial perfusion or function alone. We performed this study to determine the relationship between alterations in perfusion and ventricular function during @entity1032 . Methods and results Twenty-eight @entity1 with reversible perfusion defects on exercise or pharmacologic stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) underwent simultaneous technetium 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI and transthoracic echocardiography at rest and during @entity1032 according to a mental arithmetic protocol. In all cases the @entity1032 study was performed within 4 weeks of the initial exercise or pharmacologic MPI that demonstrated @entity63 . SPECT studies were analyzed visually with the use of a 13-segment model and quantitatively by semiautomated circumferential profile analysis. Echocardiograms were graded on a segmental model for regional wall motion on a 4-point scale. Of 28 @entity1 , 18 (64%) had perfusion defects and/or @entity1002 develop during @entity1032 : 9 (32%) had myocardial perfusion defects develop, 6 (21%) had regional or global @entity1002 develop, and 3 (11%) had both perfusion defects and @entity1002 develop. The overall concordance between perfusion and function criteria for @entity63 during @entity1032 was only 46%. Among 9 @entity1 with @entity1032 -induced @entity1002 , 5 had new regional wall motion abnormalities and 4 had a global decrement in function. In @entity1 with @entity1032 -induced @entity63 by SPECT, the number of reversible perfusion defects was similar during both @entity1032 and exercise/pharmacologic stress (2.8 +/- 2.0 vs 3.5 +/- 1.8, P =.41). Hemodynamic changes during @entity1032 were similar whether @entity1 were divided on the basis of perfusion defects or @entity1002 during @entity1032 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate the feasibility of simultaneous assessment of perfusion and function responses during @entity1032 . Flow and function responses to @entity1032 are frequently not concordant. These data suggest that @entity1032 -induced changes in perfusion may represent a different phenomenon than @entity1032 -induced changes in left ventricular function (either globally or regionally).

title: Simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and function during mental stress in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The perirhinal cortex (PRh) and its cholinergic inputs are implicated in object recognition memory. Conversely, the hippocampus (HPC) may be involved in spatial recognition processes that are not essential to the recognition of objects per se. Systemic @entity1239 has been shown to facilitate both object and spatial memory. The current study compared the roles of perirhinal and hippocampal nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) in object and spatial recognition memory using spontaneous object recognition (SOR) and object-location (OL) tasks for @entity35 . Systemic pre-sample (acquisition) @entity1239 administration dose-dependently facilitated SOR and OL performance compared to vehicle conditions in which performance was at chance with a 72-h retention delay between the sample and choice phases. Subsequently, pre-sample intra-PRh infusions of @entity1239 significantly facilitated SOR; somewhat surprisingly, pre-sample intra-HPC @entity1239 also enhanced object recognition memory. Further experiments indicated facilitative effects on OL performance caused by pre-sample intra-PRh or intra-HPC @entity1239 administration. These results not only demonstrate that nAChR activation facilitates performance on object recognition and object-location memory tasks, but suggest that these effects can be produced by nAChR action in either PRh or HPC. Thus, although PRh and HPC are not required for OL or SOR task performance, respectively, nAChR-mediated enhancement of neural function in either of these temporal lobe regions appears capable of promoting stronger memory encoding and/or consolidation in either task. These findings further support the supposed interactive relationship between the HPC and PRh in object information processing and highlight the potential therapeutic value of nicotinic receptor activation in @entity2730 .

title: Nicotinic receptor activation in perirhinal cortex and hippocampus enhances object memory in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesic disorders']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of two stage multiple nerves transfer for treatment of complete brachial plexus root @entity155 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with complete @entity5300 , aging 18-38 years and with a mean 6 months interval of injury and repair, were surgically treated with the following procedures. One stage surgical procedure was that the contralateral C7 never root was transferred to the ulnar nerve, the phrenic nerve to the anterior division of upper trunci plexus brachialis and the accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve. Two stage surgical procedure was that the ulnar nerve was transferred to the median nerve , the intercostal nerves to the radial nerve and the thoracodorsal nerve. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 13 months to 25 months (21 months on average), muscle reinnervation was observed in all @entity1 . Return of muscle power of M3 or better are regarded as effective. The effective recovery results were 75% in musculocutaneous nerve, 37.5% in suprascapular nerve, 37.5% in radial nerve, 75% in thoracodorsal nerve and 62.5% in median nerve. In sensory recovery of the median nerve, 4 @entity1 obtained S3, 3 @entity1 S2 and 1 @entity1 S1. CONCLUSION: Two stage multiple nerves transfer for treatment of root @entity155 of brachial plexus can achieve better motor function results and is safe and effective. The procedure should be recommended for treatment of root @entity155 of brachial plexus in selected @entity1 with complete brachial plexus root @entity155 , especially in young @entity1 with a short interval between injury and repair. It is one of the alternative options.

title: [Clinical application and efficiency of two stage multiple nerves transfer for treatment of root XXXX of brachial plexus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus avulsion']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There continues to be a paucity of data regarding the nanostructural changes of @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ) collagen after injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the nanostructural and morphological changes in the @entity95 @entity3746 lamina propria following acute injury using atomic force microscopy (AFM). @entity3746 was performed on 9 New Zealand breeder @entity95 . Sacrifice and laryngeal harvest were performed at three time points: 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after injury. Histology and immunohistochemistry data were collected to confirm extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in @entity95 @entity3746 . The progressive changes in thickness and D-spacing of @entity3746 collagen fibrils were investigated over a 7-day postinjury period using AFM. At post-injury day 1, a fibrin clot and @entity32 were observed at the injured @entity3746 . The inflammatory score at postinjury day 1 was highest in injured @entity3746 tissue, with a significant decrease at postinjury day 7. The immunoreactivity of inflammatory proteins ( @entity12050 , @entity25229 ) was observed in @entity3746 up to day 7 after injury. AFM investigation showed clustered and disorganized collagen fibrils at the nanoscale resolution at post-injury day 7. Collagen fibrils in injured @entity3746 at postinjury day 7 were significantly thicker than control and postinjury days 1 and 3 (P   <   0.001). D-spacing of collagen at postinjury day 7 was not studied due to loss of distinct edges resulting from immature collagen deposition. AFM investigation of @entity3746 could add valuable information to understanding micromechanical changes in @entity3746 . Microsc. Res. Tech., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Investigation of nanostructural changes following acute injury using atomic force microscopy in XXXX vocal folds.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold', 'Unilateral VF injury', 'VF scar tissue', 'VF']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of genes encoding regulators of G protein signaling in early therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs and in susceptibility to drug-induced @entity21 . As regulators of G protein signaling and regulators of G protein signaling-like proteins play a pivotal role in @entity935 receptor signaling, genetically based, functional variation could contribute to interindividual variability in therapeutic and adverse effects. METHODS: Consecutively hospitalized, @entity716 @entity1 with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 -IV @entity161 (n=121) were included in the study if they received treatment with typical antipsychotic medication (n=72) or typical antipsychotic drugs and @entity1090 (n=49) for at least 2 weeks. Clinical state and adverse effects were rated at baseline and after 2 weeks. Twenty-four single @entity377 polymorphisms were genotyped in five regulators of G protein signaling genes. RESULTS: None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms were related to clinical response to antipsychotic treatment at 2 weeks. Five out of six single nucleotide polymorphisms within or flanking the @entity18232 gene were nominally associated with development or worsening of @entity304 (PARK+) as measured by the Simpson Angus Scale, one of them after correction for multiple testing ( @entity63391 , P=0.002). A GCCTG haplotype encompassing tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms within and flanking @entity18232 was significantly overrepresented among PARK+ compared with PARK-- @entity1 (0.23 vs. 0.08, P=0.003). A second, 'protective', GTGCA haplotype was significantly overrepresented in PARK-- @entity1 (0.13 vs. 0.30, P=0.009). Both haplotype associations survive correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Subject to replication, these findings suggest that genetic variation in the @entity18232 gene is associated with susceptibility to @entity21 induced by antipsychotic drugs.

title: Association of the @entity18232 gene with XXXX induced by treatment with antipsychotic medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of CT angiography using a multidetector scanner in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1095 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity1095 who were referred for elective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) also underwent CT angiography. We scanned @entity1 from the level of the superior mesenteric artery to the pedal arteries in a single helical scan. CT angiograms were produced using maximum-intensity-projection reconstructions. Findings were graded according to six categories: 1, normal (0% @entity850 ); 2, mild (1-49% @entity850 ); 3, moderate (50-74% @entity850 ); 4, severe (75-99% @entity850 ); 5, occluded; and 6, nondiagnostic. CT angiography findings were compared with DSA findings for each arterial segment. RESULTS: We found agreement for the degree of @entity850 in 77.7% of the arteries and discrepancy for 22.3% of the arteries when all categories were considered. Grouping the six categories according to the threshold for treatment (categories 1 and 2 as one group and categories 3, 4, and 5 as the second group) resulted in an agreement of 91.95%. Compared with DSA, CT angiography yielded a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 92.4%. CONCLUSION: Multidetector CT angiography is an accurate, noninvasive technique for the imaging of @entity1095 .

title: Multidetector CT angiography of XXXX : a prospective comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 in elderly @entity1 are associated with increased mortality. These @entity1 frequently experience a delay to surgery for both medical and non-medical reasons. The effect of this delay on @entity1 morbidity and mortality is controversial. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 222 consecutive @entity1 greater than 50 years of age who underwent surgical management of a @entity173 at one tertiary hospital. Baseline measures recorded were age, sex, time to theatre, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores, type of surgery, number of theatre cancellations and the reason for any cancellation. Our primary outcome was 30-day mortality after surgery. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality after @entity173 was 7.2%. @entity1 who were operated on within 2 days of admission had a 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 5.8% versus 9.4% in those @entity1 who experience a delay of more than 2 calendar days. This was not a statistically significant difference, and the effect of surgical delay was less on multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant predictors of 30-day mortality were an increasing ASA score and having a @entity174 treated with an arthroplasty procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not show a significant increase in mortality in @entity1 whose surgery was delayed by more than 2 days. However, in the context of other published work, we would continue to recommend early surgery to minimize length of stay and complications.

title: Delay to surgery and mortality after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy (RT) has been advocated for @entity10053 cerebri (GC) to delay @entity5 progression. However, @entity1 with GC may experience poor performance status without recurrence after RT. Herein, we reviewed the responses of @entity1 with GC treated with RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with diffuse radiologic infiltration of more than two cerebral lobes and diagnosed as having grade II (N=12) or III (N=5) @entity11 were treated with a mean radiation dose of 51.8Gy (range, 42-59.4Gy). The mean radiation volume to a mean marginal dose of 42.8Gy (range, 36-45Gy) was 693.4cc (range, 316.5-1279.6cc), which was 45.3% of the mean whole brain volume. We reviewed the clinical prognostic factors related to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in all @entity1 and described characteristics of @entity1 with poor performance (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance scale 3-4) without recurrence. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , the median PFS was 12.3 months, and oligodendroglial pathology (p=0.002) and non-enhanced @entity5 (p=0.002) were associated with an improved PFS. The median OS was 39.3 months, and young age and adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with improved OS (p=0.022 and 0.002, respectively). Based on multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with a longer OS (p=0.012; hazard ratio=0.099; 95% CI, 0.016-0.596). Five @entity1 (29.4%) showed poor performance without recurrence. The median age of these 5 @entity1 was 65 years (range, 60-75 years). The mean radiation volume to a mean marginal dose of 41Gy (range, 36-45Gy) was 539.9cc (range, 255.5-983.1cc). The pathologic diagnosis was grade II @entity11 in 2 @entity1 and grade III in 3 @entity1 . The median OS was 10.0 months (range, 8.2-45.9 months). CONCLUSIONS: Some GC @entity1 , especially the elderly, might have a poor performance status without recurrence after RT of a larger radiation field.

title: XXXX cerebri having a poor performance status without recurrence after radiotherapy: A single institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['gliomatosis']

answer: @entity10053 :: (MESH:D018302,Disease) :: ['Gliomatosis']


abstract: Urinary fistulae and obstruction following pelvic exenteration are frequent and life-threatening complications. They increase the mortality and morbidity rates of large exereses performed during pelvic exenteration for gynecological @entity5 . From a series of 97 @entity1 who underwent pelvic exenteration for gynecological @entity5 we report the incidence, risk factors, and management of major @entity1494 . Eighty @entity1 had had previous surgery and/or pelvic radiation therapy at the time of pelvic exenteration. A urinary diversion was performed in 63 @entity1 . Major early @entity1494 were: @entity9132 in seven @entity1 and @entity1695 in four @entity1 (11.3% of the @entity1 ). Ten @entity1 had a late urinary complication: stenosis of the cutaneous ureteral meatus (five), stenosis of the @entity254 following ileal loop (two), and urinary fistulae (three). @entity5 recurrence was found in 4 of these 10 cases. Major early @entity1494 were significantly increased in @entity1 who had received previous pelvic radiation therapy (P < 0.05) and in @entity1 who had had an intestinal conduit for urinary diversion (P < 0.05). Reoperation was done in six of seven cases of early @entity9132 (urinary undiversion four, nephrectomy one, ureteral reimplantation one). Three of four @entity1695 were managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent. We recommend the use of nonirradiated bowel segment for urinary diversion as transverse colon or jejunal conduit in @entity1 who have received previous high doses of pelvic radiotherapy. For the management of @entity1494 post pelvic exenteration, reoperation is required for most @entity9132 but @entity1695 can be managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent.

title: Incidence and management of major @entity1494 after pelvic exenteration for gynecological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstructions', 'ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ureteroileal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary fistula']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: CONTEXT: Transient and permanent @entity86 are recognized complications of neck surgery. @entity86 is usually considered permanent when it persists for 6 months; in rare cases, recovery of @entity261 through 1 year has been described. Recovery of @entity261 years after diagnosis has not previously been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report four @entity1 being treated with @entity461 (1-84) in a research protocol who recovered from @entity86 many years after onset. METHODS: Recovery from @entity261 was established by: 1) serum @entity460 and @entity461 levels within the normal range off @entity461 (1-84) treatment for at least 1 week; 2) requirement for daily @entity460 supplementation reduced to  <=1 g; and 3) no supplemental active @entity560 therapy. RESULTS: @entity261 developed in three subjects after repeated neck surgery for @entity459 and in one subject after total thyroidectomy for @entity2743 . Parathyroid tissue autotransplant was performed in two of the four subjects. Two had undetectable @entity461 levels at study entry, whereas the other two subjects had detectable, although low, @entity461 levels. @entity261 had been present for at least 8 years, and in one case for 16 years. The recovery of parathyroid function followed treatment with @entity461 (1-84) for 36 to 63 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although it remains relatively rare, this report documents recovery of long-term @entity86 many years after the initial diagnosis. A potential role for exogenous @entity461 is intriguing with several plausible mechanisms.

title: Recovery of parathyroid hormone secretion and function in XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hypoparathyroidism', 'postoperative hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: This study examined verbal declarative memory functioning in @entity22294 and its relationship to working memory. Encoding, recall, and recognition of verbal information was examined in @entity1 with @entity22294 who had below average working memory (SLILow WM), @entity1 with @entity22294 who had average working memory (SLIAvg. WM) and, a group of non-language impaired @entity1 with average working memory (TDAvg. WM). The SLILow WM group was significantly worse than both the SLIAvg. WM and TDAvg. WM groups at encoding verbal information and at retrieving verbal information following a delay. In contrast, the SLIAvg. WM group showed no @entity2414 . The study demonstrates that @entity2414 in @entity22294 only occur when @entity2414 is impaired. Thus @entity22294 declarative memory is largely intact and deficits are likely to be related to working @entity2414 .

title: Verbal declarative memory impairments in specific language impairment are related to working XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments', 'verbal declarative memory deficits', 'verbal working memory']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']


abstract: @entity172 and @entity3800 can protect neurons from death caused by @entity149 . Astrocytes and microglia are major players in events triggered by @entity75 . To determine whether glia are direct targets of @entity172 or @entity3800 after neural insults, @entity134 receptor expression in glial cells was assessed in two different lesion models. An @entity130 to the hippocampus or a stab wound to the parietal cortex and hippocampus was performed in male @entity35 , and the resultant expression of @entity134 receptors in glial cells was assessed using double-label immunohistochemistry. Both lesions induced the expression of @entity172 receptors (ERs) and @entity342 receptors (ARs) in glial cells. @entity7605 was expressed in astrocytes immunoreactive ( @entity7605 -ir) for glial fibrillary acidic protein or @entity7229 . AR immunoreactivity colocalized with microglial markers, such as Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-1 or OX-6. The time course of ER and AR expression in glia was studied in the stab wound model. @entity7605 -ir astrocytes and AR-ir microglia were observed 3 days after lesion. The number of @entity7605 -ir and AR-ir glial cells reached a maximum 7 days after lesion and returned to low levels by 28 days postinjury. The studies of @entity12209 expression in glia were inconclusive; different results were obtained with different antibodies. In sum, these results suggest that reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia are a direct target for @entity172 and @entity3800 , respectively.

title: Glial expression of @entity172 and XXXX receptors after @entity35 brain injury.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neural lesions']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic injury']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: The relative contribution of competition and cooperation at the microbe-microbe level is not well understood for the bacteria constituting the gut microbiota. The high number and variability of @entity1 gut commensals have hampered the analysis. To get some insight into the question how so many different bacterial species can coexist in the @entity1 gut, we studied the interaction between three @entity1 gut commensals ( @entity2624 , @entity13499 , and @entity40158 ) in the intestine of gnotobiotic @entity19 . The bacterial titers and their anatomical distribution were studied in the colonized @entity19 . @entity13376 achieved the highest cell counts in the stomach, while @entity13854 dominated the colon. The colon was also the intestinal location in which @entity13854 displayed the highest number of expressed genes, followed by the cecum and the small intestine. Addition of further bacterial strains led to strikingly different results. A @entity6983 coexisted, while a second @entity13854 was excluded from the system. Notably, this strain lacked an operon involved in the degradation, import, and metabolism of mannosylated glycans. Subsequent introduction of the @entity526 Nissle strain resulted in the elimination of @entity13499 and @entity2624 , while @entity40158 showed a transient decrease in population size, demonstrating the dynamic nature of microbe-microbe interactions. The study of such simple interacting bacterial systems might help to derive some basic rules governing microbial ecology within the @entity1 gut.

title: A Mesocosm of @entity13376 , @entity13854 , and @entity526 in the XXXX gut.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity40158 :: ('206672', 'Species') :: ['B. longum NCC2705', 'Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705']

entities_list: @entity13499 :: ('257314', 'Species') :: ['L. johnsonii NCC533', 'Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['B. longum', 'B. longum strain']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei strain']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12', 'E. coli K-12']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is an important risk factor for @entity1317 . Its role on coronary vasoconstriction remains speculative. Endothelial monooxygenases (cytochrome P450s [CYPs]) are regulators of vascular tonus through production of @entity66129 . We investigated the effects of oxLDL on CYP monooxygenases in @entity1 arterial coronary endothelial cells and explanted healthy and @entity731 aortae. We found oxLDL to induce radical @entity26 species production via the action of @entity1110 oxidase @entity16228 . Intracellular radical @entity26 species production prompted reduced protein expression of the transcriptional regulator nuclear factor 1 ( @entity1265 ). We identified novel DNA binding sites for @entity1265 in promoter regions of CYPs. DNA binding of @entity1265 was confirmed by electromobility shift assays. OxLDL repressed DNA binding of @entity1265 and diminished transcript level of CYP genes targeted by this factor. The production of endothelial-derived hyperpolarization factor, a key regulator of vascular tonus, was also reduced. Repression of CYP monooxygenases was reversed, and production of endothelial-derived hyperpolarization factor was normalized after treatment of endothelium with the lectin-like oxLDL receptor antagonist kappa-carrageenan or blocking of @entity4493 with a specific antibody. This suggests a mechanistic role of CYP monooxygenases in oxLDL-induced @entity1317 . Therapy of endothelial dysfunction through @entity4493 receptor antagonism will be an interesting avenue to explore. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.

title: Mechanistic role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced XXXX : therapy through @entity4493 receptor antagonism?

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity66129 :: ('CHEBI:61498', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxy fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a newly developed laser-based imaging technique for the study of soft tissue changes and acute inflammatory processes of the @entity6520 ( @entity6520 ) joints in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: A novel imaging device was developed which allows the transillumination of @entity6520 joints using laser light in the near-infrared wavelength range. In a first clinical followup study, a total of 72 @entity6520 joints of 22 @entity1 with @entity309 and 64 @entity6520 joints of 8 healthy controls were examined both clinically and with the new laser device. At baseline and at followup after a mean of 6 weeks, clinical signs of @entity603 , the joint circumference, and the degree of @entity158 were assessed for each @entity6520 joint in order to determine the clinical degree of @entity32 . Different features were extracted from the laser images and evaluated by a neural network. RESULTS: At baseline, 72 @entity6520 joints in the @entity309 @entity1 showed clinical signs of @entity32 . At followup, 45 @entity6520 joints showed clinical improvement, 13 showed @entity32 , and 14 showed deterioration compared with the first visit. None of the 64 @entity6520 joints in the healthy individuals showed any signs of @entity603 . The inflammatory status of 60 of the 72 @entity309 joints examined was classified correctly by laser examination and joint circumference determination, giving a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 89%, and an accuracy of 83% in detecting inflammatory changes in affected joints. Laser data and joint circumference determination of healthy joints at followup resulted in an accuracy of 85% in reproducing the image. CONCLUSION: The new laser-based imaging technique allows the transillumination of @entity6520 joints and gives information about the inflammatory status of the joint after processing through a neural network. Our data indicate that laser imaging may provide additional information in the early diagnosis of an inflammatory joint process and may prove particularly useful in assessing @entity32 at followup.

title: Assessment of proximal @entity32 in XXXX with @entity309 , using a novel laser-based imaging technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['steady active inflammation', 'inflammation', 'acute joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['proximal interphalangeal', 'PIP']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to cytological material represents a promising, relatively noninvasive approach to clinical molecular genetic analysis. The detection rate of the t(14;18), the most common translocation in @entity1892 , which results in rearrangement of the @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) and @entity588 genes, has not been examined in archival cytological smears. We studied 10 cases of @entity706 that showed a cytogenetic t(14;18) in a surgical specimen and for which were available both @entity706 DNA from the same specimen and prior or subsequent archival cytological smears, either FNA or exfoliative, diagnosed as positive for @entity706 . The paired DNA samples, respectively extracted from the archival smears and frozen surgical biopsy tissue, representing clinical intervals of up to 20 mo, were studied in each case by PCR with @entity7639 and @entity588 major breakpoint region primers. In four cases, the same clonotypical PCR product was seen in both samples. In four other cases, neither sample yielded a PCR product--these cases were also negative by Southern blotting using a @entity588 major breakpoint region probe. In one case, the PCR product could only be demonstrated in DNA from frozen tissue. Finally, in one other case, a PCR product was only detected in DNA from archival cytological smears. Thus, the overall concordance of PCR results in the paired DNA samples was 80%. Our findings suggest that, in cases of @entity1892 previously characterized by PCR, the t(14;18) can be detected in archival cytological smears in the majority of cases, thereby providing valuable data regarding the clonal derivation of @entity706 samples in which only cytological material is obtained.

title: Detection of XXXX rearrangement in archival cytological smears of @entity1892 .

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IGH']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'metachronous lymphoma']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL2']


abstract: AIMS: @entity11552 is a distinct, rare soft tissue @entity5 occurring primarily within the skeletal muscles or musculofascial planes in young adults. Primary involvement of bone is extremely rare. We report on six @entity1 with @entity11552 occurring primarily in bone. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thorough clinical and radiographic examinations were done to rule out any other primary site. The @entity1 were four @entity1 and two @entity1 aged 17-35 years (mean, 24.5 years). The primary site of the @entity5 was the femur in three @entity1 , the ilium in one and the fibula in two. In one of the @entity1 with fibular involvement, the tibia was also involved by direct extension. Of the long @entity79 , three were centred in the metaphysis and one in the diaphysis. Radiographically, all of the lesions demonstrated an osteolytic pattern of @entity79 with ill-defined margins and a wide zone of transition between the lesion and adjacent normal bone. Microscopically, all @entity5 showed the typical histological pattern of @entity11552 . Diastase-resistant, periodic acid-Schiff-positive crystalline structures were identified within the cytoplasm and confirmed ultrastructurally. Immunohistochemically, a keratin stain was negative in all cases; there was positive staining for @entity9171 in the cytoplasm but not the nuclei. Distant @entity3 developed in four @entity1 ; one died. CONCLUSION: @entity11552 arising in bone is extraordinarily rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of metastatic @entity1358 in a young @entity1 .

title: Primary XXXX of bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma', 'Alveolar soft part sarcoma']

answer: @entity11552 :: (MESH:D018234,Disease) :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity340 are the most common cause of @entity1876 in infancy and cause @entity177 in 25% to 30% of these @entity1 before adolescence. Transurethral ablation under direct vision is the most commonly used method of treatment for @entity340 . Since 1987 we have used a Fogarty balloon catheter for primary @entity340 in our @entity1 . We evaluate the long-term results of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 14 years (1987 to 2001) 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity340 underwent @entity340 using a Fogarty balloon catheter. In 21 @entity1 diagnosis was made prenatally, while the remaining 14 @entity1 (6 newborns and 8 @entity1 with median age of 6 months) presented with @entity293 and @entity177 . @entity3025 was present in 22 (63%) of the 35 @entity1 involving 34 renal units. @entity340 was performed using a 4Fr Fogarty balloon catheter under fluoroscopic control in all @entity1 . Postoperative voiding cystourethrography was done 2 weeks after valve @entity155 . RESULTS: None of the @entity1 demonstrated any evidence of periurethral extravasation during the procedure. Postoperative voiding cystourethrography showed effective relief of @entity340 and good urethral drainage in 34 @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 residual valve required transurethral ablation under direct vision. @entity3025 resolved spontaneously in 12 of the 22 (54%) @entity1 (20 renal units) and after an antireflux procedure in 4 (7 units). Two @entity1 (3 renal units) are on antibiotic prophylaxis and 4 underwent nephroureterectomy for nonfunctioning @entity8 . At followup (1 to 14 years) all @entity1 demonstrated a good urinary stream with no evidence of urethral stricture. Renal function did not improve in 5 (14%) of the 35 @entity1 , 1 of whom has already undergone renal transplantation and another is awaiting transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Fogarty balloon catheter technique is a simple, safe and effective alternative to primary endoscopic transurethral ablation of @entity340 .

title: Long-term results of primary @entity155 of XXXX using a Fogarty balloon catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'Primary valve avulsion', 'valvular obstruction', 'Posterior urethral valves', 'avulsion of the posterior urethral valves', 'primary valve avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: In eukaryotes, mutations in a number of genes that affect DNA damage checkpoints or DNA replication also affect telomere length [Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13 (2001) 281]. @entity375 cerevisae strains with mutations in the @entity41891 gene (encoding an ATM-like protein kinase) have very short telomeres, as do strains with mutations in @entity42183 , @entity12248 , or @entity42182 (encoding members of a trimeric complex). @entity42183 and @entity42182 are phosphorylated in a @entity41891 -dependent manner in response to DNA damage [Genes Dev. 15 (2001) 2238; Mol. Cell 7 (2001) 1255]. We found that @entity42183 , but not @entity42182 or @entity12248 , is efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by immunopreciptated @entity41891 . Strains with mutations eliminating all SQ and TQ motifs in @entity42183 (preferred targets of the ATM kinase family) had wild-type length telomeres and wild-type sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. We also showed that @entity31562 (a subunit of RPA) and the @entity43710 checkpoint kinase, which are required for DNA damage repair and which are phosphorylated in response to DNA damage in vivo, are in vitro substrates of the @entity41891 and @entity20091 kinases. In addition, @entity43710 substrates with no SQ or TQ motifs are phosphorylated by @entity20091 in vitro very inefficiently, but retain most of their ability to be phosphorylated by @entity41891 . We demonstrated that null alleles of @entity43710 and certain mutant alleles of @entity31562 result in short telomeres. As observed with @entity42183 , however, strains with mutations of @entity43710 or @entity31562 that eliminate SQ motifs have no effect on telomere length or DNA damage sensitivity.

title: Amino acid changes in XXXX , @entity43710 , and @entity31562 that remove the preferred targets of the ATM family of protein kinases do not affect DNA repair or telomere length in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

answer: @entity42183 :: (851975(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Xrs2p']


abstract: The relative contribution of competition and cooperation at the microbe-microbe level is not well understood for the bacteria constituting the gut microbiota. The high number and variability of @entity1 gut commensals have hampered the analysis. To get some insight into the question how so many different bacterial species can coexist in the @entity1 gut, we studied the interaction between three @entity1 gut commensals ( @entity2624 , @entity13499 , and @entity40158 ) in the intestine of gnotobiotic @entity19 . The bacterial titers and their anatomical distribution were studied in the colonized @entity19 . @entity13376 achieved the highest cell counts in the stomach, while @entity13854 dominated the colon. The colon was also the intestinal location in which @entity13854 displayed the highest number of expressed genes, followed by the cecum and the small intestine. Addition of further bacterial strains led to strikingly different results. A @entity6983 coexisted, while a second @entity13854 was excluded from the system. Notably, this strain lacked an operon involved in the degradation, import, and metabolism of mannosylated glycans. Subsequent introduction of the @entity526 Nissle strain resulted in the elimination of @entity13499 and @entity2624 , while @entity40158 showed a transient decrease in population size, demonstrating the dynamic nature of microbe-microbe interactions. The study of such simple interacting bacterial systems might help to derive some basic rules governing microbial ecology within the @entity1 gut.

title: A Mesocosm of XXXX , @entity13854 , and @entity526 in the @entity19 gut.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity40158 :: ('206672', 'Species') :: ['B. longum NCC2705', 'Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705']

entities_list: @entity13499 :: ('257314', 'Species') :: ['L. johnsonii NCC533', 'Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['B. longum', 'B. longum strain']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei strain']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12', 'E. coli K-12']

answer: @entity13376 :: (33959,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus johnsonii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 adoption and maintenance is a major challenge in strength training (ST) programs in the community-setting. In adults who were overweight or with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM), the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a standard ST program (SST) to an enhanced program (EST) on the adoption and maintenance of ST and cardio-metabolic risk factors and muscle strength. METHODS: A 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial consisting of a 6-month adoption phase followed by a 6-month maintenance phase. In 2008-2009, @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-75 years (n   =   318) with T2DM (n   =   117) or a BMI >25 (n   =   201) who had not participated in ST previously were randomized into either a SST or an EST program (which included additional motivationally-tailored behavioral counselling). Adoption and maintenance were defined as undertaking   >=    3 weekly gym-based exercise sessions during the first 6-months and from 6-12 months respectively and were assessed using a modified version of the @entity497 ( @entity497 ) instrument. RESULTS: Relative to the SST group, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of adopting ST for all @entity1 in the EST group was 3.3 (95  % CI 1.2 to 9.4). In stratified analyses including only those with T2DM, relative to the SST group, the adjusted OR of adopting ST in the EST group was 8.2 (95  % CI 1.5-45.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for maintenance of ST in either pooled or stratified analyses. In those with T2DM, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c in the EST compared to SST group during the adoption phase (net difference, -0.13  % [-0.26 to -0.01]), which persisted after 12-months (-0.17  % [-0.3 to -0.05]). CONCLUSIONS: A behaviorally-focused community-based EST intervention was more effective than a SST program for the adoption of ST in adults with excess weight or T2DM and led to greater improvements in glycemic control in those with T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ACTRN12611000695909 (Date registered 7/7/2011).

title: Adoption and maintenance of gym-based strength training in the community setting in adults with excess weight or XXXX 2 @entity6 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHAMPS', 'Community Healthy Activity Models Program for Seniors']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To assess the prevalence of @entity2690 resistance (IR) and associated factors in contraceptive users. Methods A total of 47 @entity1 18 to 40 years of age with a body mass index (kg/m(2)) < 30, fasting @entity413 levels < 100 mg/dl and 2-hour @entity413 level < 140 mg/dl after a 75-g oral @entity413 load were submitted to a @entity1717 . The @entity1 were distributed in tertiles regarding M-values. The analysed variables were use of combined hormonal/non-hormonal contraception, duration of use, body composition, lipid profile, @entity413 levels and blood pressure. Results IR was detected in 19% of the @entity1 . The @entity1 with low M-values presented significantly higher body fat mass, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting @entity2690 , HOMA-IR and were nulligravida, showed > 1 year of contraceptive use and higher @entity412 levels. IR was more frequent among combined oral contraceptive users, however no association was observed after regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of IR was high among healthy @entity1 attending a family planning clinic independent of the contraceptive method used with possible long-term negative consequences regarding their metabolic and cardiovascular health. Although an association between hormonal contraception and IR could not be found this needs further research. Family planning professionals should be proactive counselling healthy @entity1 about the importance of healthy habits.

title: High prevalence of XXXX resistance assessed by the @entity413 clamp technique in hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules. METHODS: A total of 331 focal thyroid nodules from 271 @entity1 scheduled for fine-needle aspiration or thyroid surgery were included. After a routine conventional ultrasound evaluation, 2D-SWE examinations were performed to obtain 2D-SWE measurements on a colour-coded mapping, which were then correlated with pathology results. RESULTS: A total of 230 nodules were benign and 101 were malignant on pathology. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of mean and minimum values in the largest region of interest (ROI) over the whole nodule, and mean, maximum and minimum values in 2-mm ROI over the stiffest area of the nodule were 0.794, 0.673, 0.808, 0.805 and 0.799, respectively. The most accurate cut-off value, 39.3  kPa, for mean value in a 2-mm ROI achieved 66.3  % sensitivity and 84.4  % specificity to discriminate @entity5 . Nodule size correlated with 2D-SWE value for malignant nodules (P   <   0.01). In the group of nodules  <=10  mm, the AUC was 0.730, while it was 0.883 in nodules sized 11-30  mm and 0.821 in nodules >30  mm. CONCLUSION: 2D-SWE is a promising diagnostic tool for discriminating @entity9384 , although the performance for nodules  <=10  mm is not satisfactory. KEY POINTS:     2D-shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) helps differentiate benign nodules from @entity5 .     Calcification will increase the 2D-SWE value.     2D-SWE appears limited in terms of identifying papillary thyroid microcarcinomas accurately.     Combination of 2D-SWE and conventional ultrasound is highly sensitivity for @entity1374 .

title: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography as promising diagnostic tool for predicting XXXX : a prospective single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thyroid nodules']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity9384 :: (MESH:D016606,Disease) :: ['malignant thyroid nodules']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity1968 (RetA)-induced degradation of type II collagen in cartilage. METHODS: @entity291 nasal cartilage explants were cultured with 1 microM RetA or in 3 nM @entity28283 ( @entity28283 ). Release of proteoglycan and type II collagen into the medium was measured by colorimetric assay and immunoassay, respectively. MMP activity in the medium was determined using a quenched fluorescent substrate assay, while specific collagenases were identified by Western immunoblotting. In some cases the effects of low molecular mass synthetic MMP inhibitors and serum on collagen degradation were studied. RESULTS: RetA promoted maximal breakdown of type II collagen after 4 or 5 weeks in culture, compared with 3 weeks in culture with @entity28283 . In @entity28283 -stimulated cultures, collagen degradation was coincident with a large increase in MMP activity in the culture medium, whereas in RetA-stimulated cultures, there was only a small increase. In Western immunoblots of culture media containing RetA, prointerstitial collagenase and active collagenase 3 were sometimes detected, but not in all experiments. In @entity28283 cultures, active interstitial collagenase was always detected, and active collagenase 3 was detectable in some experiments. Neutrophil collagenase was not detected in any cultures. @entity28283 -stimulated collagen degradation was effectively inhibited by a potent, broad-spectrum inhibitor of MMPs, whereas it was poorly inhibited by a weak MMP inhibitor. The same 2 compounds were both only weak inhibitors of RetA-induced collagen degradation. When fetal calf serum was included in cartilage cultures, MMP activity in the culture medium was reduced to low levels. This resulted in a marked inhibition of @entity28283 -induced type II collagen degradation, whereas there was no inhibition of RetA-induced collagen degradation. CONCLUSION: Unlike @entity28283 , RetA induces degradation of type II collagen in cartilage explants by a mechanism that is mainly independent of those MMPs that can be detected in the culture medium.

title: XXXX -induced type II collagen degradation does not correlate with matrix metalloproteinase activity in cartilage explant cultures.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic acid']


abstract: The therapeutic alternatives available for use against @entity2177 -resistant enteric @entity221 isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the @entity5176 , third-generation @entity2886 and conventional first-line drugs. In this study, the MICs of various newer drugs were determined for 31 @entity2177 -resistant enteric @entity221 isolates (26 @entity1680 and 5 @entity11621 serovar Paratyphi A). MICs for @entity2177 , @entity800 , @entity7046 , @entity800 , @entity3524 , @entity6727 , @entity6944 and @entity4580 were determined using Etest strips and the agar dilution method. By Etest, all of the @entity2177 -resistant isolates had @entity2177 MICs >/=32 mug ml(-1). @entity1680 showed MIC(90) values of 0.50, 0.25 and 0.38 mug ml(-1) for @entity6727 , @entity3524 and @entity6944 , respectively. For the @entity2886 , a negligible difference in MIC(90) and MIC(50) values for @entity1680 and @entity10583 was observed. A single isolate of @entity1680 showed a high @entity4580 MIC of 64 mug ml(-1). The MIC(90) value for @entity4580 in @entity1680 and @entity10583 was 24 mug ml(-1). @entity7046 demonstrated lower resistance (80.8 %) compared with the other @entity5176 (92-100 %) in @entity1680 . The rise in MIC levels of these antimicrobials is a matter for serious concern.

title: In vitro activity of @entity4580 , newer XXXX and @entity2886 in @entity2177 -resistant @entity11621 causing enteric @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin', 'Gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity10583 :: ('54388', 'Species') :: ['S. Paratyphi A', 'S. Paratyphi']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['S. Typhi', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

answer: @entity5176 :: (MESH:D015363,Chemical) :: ['quinolones']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity358 ( @entity358 ) has become an accepted treatment option with single procedure success rates of 60-80%. A repeat ablation is performed in    30% of @entity1 because of @entity943 recurrence. The strategy for this repeat procedure is not defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity955 recurrence after @entity358 were prospectively randomized and underwent a second ablation procedure with either @entity358 of all reconnected veins or @entity358 with an additional left atrial anterior line. Follow-up in our @entity943 clinic was every 3 months up to 12 months including 7 day Holter monitoring. A total of 77 @entity1 (mean age 63    9 years, 69% males) were included in the analysis. A repeat @entity358 was performed in 41 @entity1 , @entity358 + anterior line in 36 @entity1 . After a follow-up of 12 months, 26 of 41 (63%) @entity1 after repeat @entity358 and 18 of 36 (50%) @entity1 with @entity358 + anterior line were in stable sinus rhythm off antiarrhythmic medication (P = 0.26). In most @entity1 (12 of 15 @entity1 with @entity358 and 14 of 18 @entity1 with @entity358 + anterior line) with an @entity943 recurrence after the second procedure, the recurring @entity943 was @entity7965 . In 2 of 15 @entity1 of the @entity358 group and in 4 of 18 @entity1 of the @entity358 + anterior line group atypical flutter was the reoccurring @entity943 (P = NS). CONCLUSION: In this prospective randomized trial, @entity1 with a recurrence of @entity7965 had no better outcome after repeat @entity358 + one left atrial line compared with @entity1 with repeat @entity358 only.

title: Recurrence of @entity955 after @entity358 : is repeat XXXX enough? A prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal AF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'pAF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']


abstract: Viral @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) are common causes of mild illness in immunocompetent @entity1 and adults, with occasional significant morbidity or mortality in the very young, very old or infirm. However, recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT) or haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are at markedly increased risk for significant morbidity or mortality from these @entity281 . The @entity281 are generally acquired by transmission of large respiratory droplets and can be nosocomial in origin with many documented outbreaks on specialised transplant units. Typically, the @entity281 begin as upper @entity1729 , with cough or rhinorrhoea predominating. Many will resolve at this stage, but more immunocompromised @entity1 , typically closer in time to their SOT or HSCT, may develop progressive @entity281 or @entity55 . The most common RTI pathogens are influenza viruses, @entity15609 viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses. Newer polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic strategies are more sensitive than previous assays, and allow rapid and accurate diagnoses of these @entity281 . These newer assays may also detect emerging pathogens of significance, one of which is @entity14536 . While diagnostic techniques have advanced significantly in the past decade, well established and effective specific treatments for these @entity281 remain elusive. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of the common viral @entity1729 in SOT or HSCT recipients are reviewed, and recommendations presented based on a thorough review of recent literature.

title: Viral @entity1729 in transplant XXXX : epidemiology, recognition and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection to lower RTI']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'RTIs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In an era of concern over the rising cost of health care, cost-effectiveness of auxiliary services merits careful evaluation. We compared costs and benefits of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with Ground Emergency Medical Service (GEMS) in @entity1 with an isolated @entity1171 . A medical record review was conducted for @entity1 with an isolated @entity1171 who had been transported to a level 1 @entity130 center by either @entity341 or GEMS from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010. We abstracted demographic data, @entity174 grade, complications, and transportation mode. Transportation costs were obtained by examining medical center financial records. A total of 303 @entity1 was included in the analysis. Of 87 (28.71%) @entity341 @entity1 , 53 (60.92%) had sustained closed injuries and 34 (39.08%) had open injuries. Of the 216 (71.29%) GEMS @entity1 , 156 (72.22%) had closed injuries and 60 (27.78%) had open injuries. No significant difference was seen between the groups regarding the percentage of @entity1 with @entity4422 or the grade of the open @entity174 (p = .07). No significant difference in the rate of complications was found between the 2 groups (p = 18). The mean baseline cost to transport a @entity1 via @entity341 was  10,220 + a  108/mile surcharge, whereas the mean transport cost using GEMS was  976 per @entity1 +  16/mile. Because the @entity341 mode of emergency transport did not significantly improve @entity1 outcomes, health systems should reconsider the use of @entity341 for @entity1 with isolated @entity1171 .

title: XXXX and Modality of Hospital Transport at a Single Level 1 @entity130 Center: Does Transport by Helicopter or Ground Ambulance Influence the Incidence of Complications?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Helicopter Emergency Medical Service', 'HEMS']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['Ankle Fractures']