abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic bile duct obstruction in the @entity35 leads to @entity2835 and @entity101 . Biliary decompression with Rouxen-Y choledocho-jejunostomy (RY) reverses most but not all of these changes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hepatic stellate cells, as a main source of extracellular matrix proteins, participate in this process. METHODS: @entity35 were allocated to one of three groups: Bile duct ligation (BDL) for 3 weeks, BDL followed by RY and sham-operated animals as controls (SHAM). At the end of the experimental period, portal pressure was measured, livers subjected to random sampling and hepatocytes, bile ducts/ductules, hepatic stellate cells and collagen IV determined stereologically. Hepatic stellate cells and collagen IV were characterized immunohistochemically with an antibody against @entity10944 and collagen IV, respectively. RESULTS: Volume fraction of hepatocytes decreased from 65.6 +/- 5.3 in sham-operated animals to 27.9 +/- 8.8% in bile duct ligated animals (p < 0.05). In contrast, volume fraction of bile ducts/ductules increased from 0.4 +/- 0.2 in sham-operated animals to 25.3 +/- 8.6% in bile duct ligated ones; similarly, hepatic stellate cells increased from 0.4 +/- 0.2 in sham-operated animals to 2.6 +/- 0.9% in bile duct ligated ones (p < 0.01) and collagen IV from 10.0 +/- 2.3 in sham-operated animals to 24.5 +/- 8.0% (p < 0.01) in bile duct ligated animals. These changes were partially reversed by Roux-en-Y choledocho-jejunostomy; hepatocytes, bile ducts/ductules, hepatic stellate cells and collagen IV averaging 54.8 +/- 13.1, 6.1 +/- 6.8, 1.6 +/- 0.6 and 14.5 +/- 3.6%, respectively (p < 0.05 RY vs. BDL). Portal pressure in sham-operated animals, bile duct ligated animals and those with a Roux-en-Y choledocho-jejunostomy averaged 13.4 +/- 0.7, 20.1 +/- 2.7 and 16.9 +/- 1.6 cm @entity2507 , respectively, and correlated significantly with the volume fraction of hepatic stellate cells (rS = 0.96; p < 0.001) and less with collagen IV (rS = 0.61; p < 0.007). However, by stepwise regression, collagen IV did not significantly add to the ability of the equation to predict portal pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These results lend further support to the notion that hepatic stellate cells are prominently involved in fibrogenesis and in the reversibility of these changes, but hepatic stellate cells do not completely revert to normal even 4 weeks after successful decompression. Furthermore, our data suggest that hepatic stellate cells may be related to maintenance of @entity101 .

title: Hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) but not collagen IV may partly be responsible for lower portal pressure after reversing XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify whether medial tenderness is a predictor of @entity2632 in supination-external rotation @entity1171 . DESIGN: All Weber B lateral @entity174 with normal medial clear space over a 9 month period were prospectively included in the study. @entity174 patterns not consistent with a supination-external rotation mechanism were excluded. SETTING: High-volume tertiary care referral center and Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 / @entity1 : Fifty-five skeletally mature @entity1 with a Weber B lateral @entity174 and normal medial clear space presenting to our institution were included. INTERVENTION: All study @entity1 had ankle anteroposterior, lateral, and mortise radiographs. Each @entity1 was seen and evaluated by an orthopedic specialist and the mechanism of injury was recorded. Each @entity1 was assessed for tenderness to palpation in the region of the deltoid ligament and then had an external rotation stress mortise radiograph. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlating medial tenderness with deep deltoid competence as measured by stress radiographs. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (23.6%) were tender medially and had a positive external rotation stress radiograph. Thirteen @entity1 (23.6%) were tender medially and had a negative external rotation stress radiograph. Nineteen @entity1 (34.5%) were nontender medially and had a negative external rotation stress radiograph. Ten @entity1 (18.2%) were nontender medially and had a positive external rotation stress radiograph. We calculated a chi statistic of 2.37 as well as the associated P value of 0.12. Medial tenderness as a measure of @entity2632 had a sensitivity of 57%, a specificity of 59%, a positive predictive value of 50%, a negative predictive value of 66%, and an accuracy of 42%. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical significance between the presence of medial tenderness and @entity2632 . There is a 25% chance of the @entity174 in question with medial tenderness having a positive external rotation stress and a 25% chance the @entity174 with no medial tenderness having a positive stress test. Medial tenderness in a Weber B lateral @entity1171 with a normal clear space on standard plain radiographs does not ensure the presence of a positive external rotation stress test.

title: Does medial tenderness predict @entity2632 in supination-external rotation type XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'malleolar fracture', 'Fracture', 'malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['deep deltoid ligament incompetence']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incidence of occult @entity259 encountered during neck dissection in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ), to discuss the management of these @entity1 , and to assess the need for further treatment of the incidentally discovered @entity259 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: University-based tertiary care hospital. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 2538 neck dissections performed at their institution over a 15-year period. Twenty-nine @entity1 had an incidental pathologic finding of @entity259 at surgery. The authors reviewed demographics, diagnoses, histopathology, initial and subsequent management, and outcome. RESULTS: Well-differentiated @entity259 (WDC) was found in every case in this cohort. Fifteen @entity1 died during the period of the study (2.4-year follow-up), with 14 @entity1 still alive (4.3-year follow-up). Seven @entity1 , all of whom are still alive, received further treatment for their @entity259 : 2 with completion thyroidectomy, 2 with I-131 ablation, and 3 with both. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence of @entity259 in any of the @entity1 who died, and none died as a result of @entity259 . In addition, none of the @entity1 still alive have biopsy-proven evidence of @entity259 recurrence. CONCLUSION: None of the @entity1 in this cohort died as a result of their @entity1374 , and none of the @entity1 had evidence of recurrence of their WDC during the follow-up period. The results suggest that further management of occult WDC discovered in @entity1 receiving neck dissections for @entity213 is not necessary.

title: Incidental XXXX found during surgery for @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective investigation of the results of operative treatment of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity612 . OBJECTIVES: To establish the effectiveness and define the limitations of surgical treatment for @entity850 of the thoracic spinal canal. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In contrast to cervical and lumbar @entity850 , symptomatic narrowing of the thoracic spinal canal is rarely encountered. Although the treatment of @entity850 has been described in multiple case reports and in several small series with minimal follow-up evaluation, there are few studies of @entity1 treated surgically for this condition with follow-up evaluation beyond 2 years. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 who underwent operative decompression for symptomatic @entity850 of the lower thoracic spine were followed up for an average period of 62.4 months. Surgery was performed on the thoracic spine alone in four cases and on the combined thoracolumbar spine in eight. Factors that were investigated included @entity158 severity, @entity1957 , ambulatory status, and @entity260 . RESULTS: The level of @entity158 after surgery was decreased in eight @entity1 and unchanged in four @entity1 . Of the 10 @entity1 with a @entity51 before surgery, eight had improvement of muscle function. Of the 11 @entity1 with a gait disturbance before surgery, ambulatory status was improved in seven, unchanged in two, and worse in two. One @entity1 lost neural function secondary to surgical intervention. There were five cases in which the early result subsequently deteriorated because of recurrent @entity850 , @entity85 /instability, or both. CONCLUSIONS: @entity850 can occur in isolation or, more commonly, in association with lumbar @entity850 . Ideally, operative treatment should address all stenotic segments and directly decompress the primary @entity854 causing neural element compression. Although satisfactory short-term results can be expected, deterioration of the early outcome because of the potential for recurrent @entity850 and @entity85 /instability at the thoracolumbar junction can sometimes be seen with longer follow-up evaluation periods.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : a 2- to 9-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity motor function']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic stenosis', 'stenosis', 'thoracic stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of @entity2516 and clinical characteristics of strabismus in Korean @entity1 with @entity1467 . METHODS: A total of 41 Korean @entity1 with @entity1467 were screened for strabismus and @entity2516 in 2009. RESULTS: A total of 41 @entity1 with an average age of 11.9 years (range, 2 to 36 years) were screened. Eighteen @entity1 (43.9%) had strabismus. Ten (23.4%) of 18 @entity1 exhibited @entity5971 and the others had intermittent @entity5770 . The most frequently detected type of @entity5971 was acquired non-accommodative @entity5971 , and that of @entity5770 was the basic type. Fifteen @entity1 (36.6%) had @entity3467 and 20 (48.8%) had @entity1714 . The @entity1 with @entity5971 had @entity2516 of +4.89 diopters (D,   3.73) and the @entity1 with @entity5770 had @entity2516 (  1.78). Six of ten @entity1 with @entity5971 had an accommodation @entity425 . Twenty one @entity1 (63.4%) had @entity940 . Eleven (28.6%) of 21 @entity1 had @entity9340 and six (14.6%) of those had clinically significant @entity9340 . CONCLUSIONS: In Korean @entity1 with @entity1467 , @entity5971 was more common than @entity5770 and @entity3467 more common than @entity1714 . Especially, @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity5971 generally exhibit clinically significant @entity2246 (>+3.00 D) and evidence of under-accommodation. Thus, @entity3467 and accommodation @entity425 could be possible factors in @entity5971 when it occurs in @entity1467 @entity1 . Based on the results of this study, eye examinations of @entity1467 @entity1 should routinely include a measure of accommodation at near distances, and bifocals should be considered for those with evidence of under-accommodation.

title: XXXX and strabismus in @entity1467 in Korea.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors of -0.31 D', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopic errors']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['Refractive errors']


abstract: 1. A thorough evaluation of the urinary tract is an integral part of the initial management of a @entity1 with @entity1606 . The site of all @entity854 must be determined and adequate histologic material obtained and reviewed. The urothelium not involved by obvious @entity5 should also be evaluated by either cytology or mucosal biopsies. All @entity1 with high grade @entity5 should have a biopsy from the prostatic urethra. 2. The clinician should determine the risk of progression by evaluating the @entity5 grade, stage, and the presence or absence of @entity189 in situ. 3. The likelihood of a recurrence following endoscopic resection of a superficial @entity150 ranges from 20% for a solitary low grade @entity5 to over 90% for a @entity1 with multifocal high grade @entity5 . 4. The reasons for the high incidence of a subsequent @entity5 include new occurrences related to the continued contact of carcinogens with the susceptible urothelium, failure to completely resect all @entity5 , and possibly the implantation of @entity5 cells on the altered urothelial surface following endoscopic resection. 5. Intravesical instillation of antineoplastic agents is capable of reducing the incidence of a subsequent @entity5 when used for prophylaxis. These agents are also capable of eradicating @entity41 . 6. The clinician should determine whether intravesical therapy is being used for treatment or prophylaxis. 7. Thiotepa is a relatively inexpensive and safe intravesical chemotherapeutic agent which, when used for treatment of existing @entity5 , will provide a complete response rate of from 35 to 45%. There is a suggestion that it is more effective in low grade than high grade @entity5 . Prospective randomized trials indicate that @entity1 receiving Thiotepa are less likely to develop a subsequent @entity5 in a given period of time than @entity1 who do not receive intravesical therapy. 8. @entity1138 will provide a complete response rate in high risk @entity1 from 35 to 50% when used for treatment of existing @entity5 . Approximately 15% of such @entity1 will progress to muscle invasion if followed for approximately three years. There are few randomized trials using @entity1138 to determine its efficacy for prophylaxis. 9. BCG has been used for treatment and prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 . It is relatively inexpensive. The side effects vary with the strain. Several strains have been used but they have not been compared in randomized trials. When used for treatment, the complete response rate ranges from 50 to 65%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Rationale for intravesical chemotherapy in the treatment and prophylaxis of superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory impairment is increasingly recognized as an early symptom in the development of @entity191 . Testing olfactory function is a non-invasive method but can be time-consuming which restricts its application in clinical settings and epidemiological studies. Here, we investigate odor identification as a supportive diagnostic tool for @entity191 and estimate the performance of odor subsets to allow a more rapid testing of @entity73 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Odor identification was assessed with 16 Sniffin' sticks in 148 @entity304 @entity1 and 148 healthy controls. Risks of @entity73 were estimated with proportional odds models. Random forests were applied to classify @entity304 @entity1 . @entity304 @entity1 were rarely normosmic (identification of more than 12 odors; 16.8%) and identified on average seven odors whereas the reference group identified 12 odors and showed a higher prevalence of normosmy (31.1%). @entity304 @entity1 with @entity2003 dominance had a twofold greater prevalence of @entity73 . Disease severity was associated with impairment of odor identification (per score point of the Hoehn and Yahr rating OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.26-2.77). Age-related @entity73 showed a steeper gradient in @entity304 @entity1 . Coffee, peppermint, and anise showed the largest difference in odor identification between @entity304 @entity1 and controls. Random forests estimated a misclassification rate of 22.4% when comparing @entity304 @entity1 with healthy controls using all 16 odors. A similar rate (23.8%) was observed when only the three aforementioned odors were applied. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicate that testing odor identification can be a supportive diagnostic tool for @entity191 . The application of only three odors performed well in discriminating @entity304 @entity1 from controls, which can facilitate a wider application of this method as a point-of-care test.

title: Diagnostic value of the @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson and non-Parkinson', 'Parkinson']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory impairment', 'impairment of olfaction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Worldwide analysis showed a highly significant reduction in the annual rates both of recurrence and of @entity204 produced by @entity43 . We examined the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic laparoscopic oophorectomy for @entity0 . Prophylactic laparoscopic oophorectomy was attempted in 15 selected premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . After mastectomy, these @entity1 had @entity43 as treatment for @entity0 with positive @entity172 receptors. To evaluate the economic impact of laparoscopic oophorectomy, comparisons were made between @entity1 treated laparoscopically and those treated with conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. The average time required for laparoscopic bilateral oophorectomy was 44 min. Oral intake was resumed the next morning, and the @entity1 were discharged 3 days after surgery. No limitation on physical activity and no complications were required during postoperative days. There was no reduction in the overall costs of laparoscopic surgery and conventional surgery in Japan. The cost of one year's supply of @entity440 was equivalent to the overall cost of surgical oophorectomy. From medical and economic viewpoints, we conclude that @entity43 should be considered an alternative to adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic XXXX for @entity0 : medical and economic efficacy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ovarian ablation', 'ovarian ablation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic ovarian ablation']


abstract: The @entity28348 gene is recurrently mutated in @entity1 @entity706 . However, a causal relationship between @entity28348 mutation and lymphomagenesis has not been established. It is also unclear how the mutation may lead to @entity706 . We report the generation of @entity19 with targeted expression of p80HT, a @entity706 -associated @entity28348 mutant, in lymphocytes. The @entity19 display a marked expansion of peripheral B cell populations and develop predominantly small B cell @entity706 . p80HT expression has no apparent effect on the proliferation of B cells, but renders them specifically resistant to apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation and mitogenic stimulation. Lymphocytes and @entity706 cells from p80HT @entity19 express high levels of @entity38182 , an antiapoptotic protein also implicated in @entity706 . p80HT binds the @entity38182 promoter in vivo and activates @entity38182 transcription. Moreover, @entity38182 knockdown abrogates the antiapoptotic activity of p80HT and @entity38182 deficiency reestablishes B cell homeostasis in p80HT @entity19 . These findings demonstrate @entity28348 mutation as an oncogenic event in vivo and suggest a molecular pathway for @entity38182 activation in the pathogenesis of @entity706 .

title: XXXX mutation targets @entity38182 to induce lymphomagenesis.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid malignancies', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity28348 :: (18034(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB2']


abstract: @entity6619 has a molecular mass of 28 daltons. In nature, @entity6619 is found as @entity3440 ( @entity3440 ) or in a variety of @entity7182 (e.g., in @entity1355 ). Furthermore, @entity6619 is present in @entity1346 , polymerized @entity19119 , which are often used as medical silicones in breast implants. @entity6619 exposure is associated with different systemic @entity792 such as @entity1252 , @entity309 , @entity7087 , and @entity1333 . Remarkably, @entity6619 in @entity1346 -filled breast implants is considered to be safe, not increasing the risk of developing @entity792 . We analyzed the impact of @entity1346 -filled breast implants on the immune system in 32 consecutive @entity1 attending a specialized @entity792 . All 32 @entity1 had @entity1346 implant incompatibility syndrome and complaints fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of ASIA ( @entity792 induced by adjuvants). Furthermore, in 17 of the 32 @entity1 , a @entity792 was diagnosed, and 15 of the 32 @entity1 had an impaired humoral immune system. @entity1 developed symptoms and signs after long-term follow-up, suggesting that these symptoms and signs started after implant aging and/or @entity397 . We postulate that @entity6619 in @entity1346 -filled breast implants may increase the risk of developing (auto) @entity1200 and @entity3230 .

title: XXXX implant incompatibility syndrome (SIIS): a frequent cause of ASIA (Shoenfeld's syndrome).

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicates']

entities_list: @entity19119 :: ('MESH:D012833', 'Chemical') :: ['siloxanes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicones', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune diseases']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon dioxide', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity clinic', 'systemic autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6619 :: ('MESH:D012825', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicon', 'silicon']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['talc or asbestos']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: The combination of weekly @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) and monthly @entity900 has shown promising activity in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in previous Phase I and II studies. However, same-day administration of these agents may better exploit their therapeutic synergy and minimize @entity137 . This multicenter Phase II study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of weekly @entity2600 and weekly @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 with chemotherapy-naive stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 were treated with repeated cycles of therapy comprising weekly treatment with both @entity900 and @entity2600 for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest. The starting doses of @entity2600 and @entity900 were 65 and 30 mg/m2, respectively. Treatment was continued until the occurrence of disease progression, unacceptable @entity137 , or a maximum of six cycles. Fifty @entity1 were enrolled. The median age was 59 years (range, 44-79 years). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 in 22 @entity1 , 1 in 19 @entity1 , and 2 in 9 @entity1 . Seven and 43 @entity1 had stages IIIB and IV disease, respectively. Five @entity1 had brain @entity3 . @entity1 received a median of three 6-week cycles (range, 1-6). The objective response rate was 36% (18 of 50; 95% confidence interval, 24-54%) and included 18 partial responses. Median time to @entity5 progression was 6.9 months (range, 0.6-15.2). The median survival was 11.6 months (range, 0.16-21.9 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 46%. Grade 3/4 nonhematological @entity137 included @entity391 (12%) and @entity294 (26%). Grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 included @entity417 (14%), @entity1398 (26%), and @entity882 (14%). Relative dose intensities for @entity2600 and @entity900 were 89 and 62%, respectively. Weekly combined administration of @entity2600 and @entity900 achieved a promising overall response rate, median time to @entity5 progression, and median survival in @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 . The regimen was well tolerated, and the planned dose intensity was well maintained. Further evaluation of this combination in @entity1149 is warranted.

title: Weekly XXXX and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 : a multicenter phase II study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the early astigmatic effect induced by 2.75 mm clear @entity267 with different locations for @entity231 surgery. METHODS: A total of 146 eyes of different @entity1 were studied prospectively. @entity231 surgery was performed by three surgeons, two using a temporal approach and one using a superior approach. For both approaches, the site of the 2.75 mm incision was allowed to vary slightly according to the characteristics of the eye and orbit. Computerized videokeratography was used to measure corneal @entity940 before surgery and after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Corneal @entity940 was recorded as cylinder and @entity2270 and it was then converted to 2 power vector. Model based prediction and comparisons were made for the most commonly used corneal incision sites: 12 (both eyes), 2 (left eye), and 8 (right eye) o'clock meridian. RESULTS: After 3 months the differences in corneal @entity940 (JCC 0 ) between the incisions performed at 12 and 2 o'clock were not statistically significant (-0.08, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.02); the differences in JCC 0 between incisions at 12 and 8 o'clock were -0.17 (95% CI: -0.30, -0.05; p<0.01). After 3 months the change in JCC 0 for the @entity1 with 0.5 D with-the-rule preoperatively were -0.32 (95% CI: -0.44, 0.21; p<0.01) for incisions at 12; -0.24 (95% CI: -0.36, 0.13; p<0.01) for incisions at 2; and -0.15 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.03; p<0.05) for incisions at 8. After 3 months the changes of JCC 0 for the @entity1 with -0.5 D against-the-rule pre-operatively were 0.10 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.23) for incision at 12; 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.32; p<0.05) for incisions at 2; and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.40; p<0.01) for incisions at 8 o'clock. The oblique astigmatic vector (JCC 45 ) was very modest in this sample before surgery and underwent minimal and nonsignificant change after it. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that a 2.75 mm clear corneal incision causes a small change of corneal cylinder regardless of incision site.

title: Clear corneal incision of 2.75 mm for XXXX surgery induces little change of @entity940 in eyes with low preoperative corneal cylinder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea incisions']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) @entity1 . METHODS: Visual acuity (VA), refraction, optic disc parameters, biometric values and anthropometric measures were obtained from 50 eight-year-old MLP and 43 full-term @entity1 . Macular parameters were examined by optical coherence tomography. Serum @entity442 ( @entity442 ) levels were analysed at birth and at assessment and delta @entity442 was calculated. RESULTS: Total macular volume was significantly less in MLP than in controls (both eyes p  <  0.01). Macular volume correlated with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) at assessment [right eye (RE) p  =  0.002, r  =  0.67; left eyes (LE) p  =  0.01, r  = 0.54] and refraction (both eyes p  <  0.05, r  =  0.4) in the MLP @entity1 . Furthermore, central retinal thickness correlated significantly with delta @entity442 (RE p  =  0.03, r  =  -0.51, LE p  =  0.006, r  =  -0.59) and refraction (both eyes p  <  0.01, r  =  0.5) and optic disc areas correlated with weight and height at assessment (all p  <  0.05, r  =  0.4). Total axial length correlated with @entity135 at assessment (both eyes p  <  0.01, r  =  0.5) and VA logMAR (both eyes p  <  0.02, r  =  -0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Macular volume was significantly less in MLP @entity1 than in controls examined at 8  years of age. General growth of @entity1 and @entity442 levels seem to be involved in development of ocular growth and morphology.

title: Ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm school-aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HCF', 'head circumference']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In a prospective series of 155 @entity1 with @entity14784 preoperative liver function tests were determined with the aim of predicting the presence of common duct stones. Elevated serum @entity648 , aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase levels were observed in 32, 34 and 22% of cases, respectively. The frequency of common duct stones was 17.4%. The sensitivity of @entity648 and aminotransferases with regard to ductal stones was higher (70-81%), but alkaline phosphatase showed the best predictive values (46%). The probability of common duct stones increased with higher degrees of elevation in the case of alkaline phosphatase, but not in the case of @entity648 or aminotransferases, A frequency of 31-67% of @entity2877 was found when one or all of the tests were positive. After random assignment the @entity1 were operated on early or after delay. In the delayed surgery group more failures occurred in the conservative treatment of @entity14784 if the tests were elevated (36%) than if normal (15%, p less than 0.05). The frequencies of common duct stones were 11 and one in these groups (p less than 0.001). There was no increase in postoperative morbidity after early surgery (15%) compared with delayed surgery (22%, p greater than 0.1), when liver function was disturbed. Liver function tests thus allow @entity1 with common duct stones to be selected for early surgery in @entity14784 .

title: Abnormal liver function tests in XXXX ; the predicting of common duct stones.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

answer: @entity14784 :: (MESH:D041881,Disease) :: ['acute cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the palmaris lon @entity5451 LA @entity1989 as been variously reported to be from 1.5% to 64% in different ethnic groups. Lack of reliable information about the state of the PLA @entity1989 Iran made us to design a study on the agenesis of the palmaris longus (PL) among a sample of Iranian population during 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand par @entity1 re included in this descriptive study. Subjects were pat @entity1 d personnel of a major orthopedic surgery center in Iran. The Schaeffer test was used to detect the presence or absence of the PL. An orthopedic resident conducted the test (observer reliability 98%). The prevalence of agenesis was determined in the sample and its actual prevalence was estimated for the whole population. The role of gender and handedness was also considered in the presence or absence of the PLA @entity1989 RESULTS: The prevalence of the PLA @entity1989 s estimated to be 22.8%; 10.2% agenesis on the right side, 5.9% on the left side, and 6.7% bilateral PLA @entity1989 he relationship between PLA @entity1989 d gender didn't appear to be significant. Among peo @entity1 th PLA @entity1989 % and among peo @entity1 thout PLA @entity1989 % were left handed (P < 0.05, odds ratio [OR]: 3.7). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the PLA @entity1989 Iranians seems to be comparable with the average Caucasian values which is estimated to be 22.4%. Furthermore, significant relationship exists between the PLA @entity1989 d left hand dominance.

title: Prevalence of palmaris XXXX in a hospital in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5451 :: ('MESH:C536482', 'Disease') :: ['longus agenesis']

answer: @entity5451 :: (MESH:C536482,Disease) :: ['longus agenesis']


abstract: @entity1856 is the cause of the majority of @entity64 and @entity299 in the developed world. The role of @entity460 deposits and their contribution to plaque vulnerability are controversial. Some studies have suggested that @entity6538 tends to be more stable whereas others have suggested the opposite. This study uses a finite element model to evaluate the effect of @entity460 deposits on the stress within the fibrous cap by varying their location and size. Plaque fibrous cap, lipid pool and @entity730 were modeled as hyperelastic, isotropic, (nearly) incompressible materials with different properties for large deformation analysis by assigning time-dependent pressure loading on the lumen wall. The stress and strain contours were illustrated for each condition for comparison. Von Mises stress only increases up to 1.5% when varying the location of @entity730 in the lipid pool distant to the fibrous cap. Calcification in the fibrous cap leads to a 43% increase of Von Mises stress when compared with that in the lipid pool. An increase of 100% of @entity730 area leads to a 15% stress increase in the fibrous cap. Calcification in the lipid pool does not increase fibrous cap stress when it is distant to the fibrous cap, whilst large areas of @entity730 close to or in the fibrous cap may lead to a high stress concentration within the fibrous cap, which may cause @entity397 .

title: @entity1856 : is XXXX Important or Not? A Modelling Study of Stress Within the Atheromatous Fibrous Cap in Relation to Position and Size of @entity460 Deposits.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6538 :: ('MESH:D018333', 'Disease') :: ['calcified plaque']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['Atheromatous plaque rupture']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: It was possible from a geographically well-defined region to detect all @entity1 sustaining an @entity510 . Different outcomes were measured and compared with other published series. Twenty-one per cent of all our @entity1 at risk were never seen by a neurosurgeon. By adding further 20% of dead @entity1 to the management series a total overall outcome, i.e. from all ' @entity1 at risk', could be calculated, making comparison between different series easier. Favourable outcomes in the three groups (total overall, total management and surgical) as measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 12 months were 46, 58 and 69%, respectively, in this series. In a super selected group such as good-grade @entity1 (Hunt and Hess I-II) at surgery favourable results were seen in 87% of the @entity1 at 6 months follow-up. The favourable outcome in the total overall, total management and surgical groups increased between 6 and 12 months follow-up by 1, 1 and 2%, respectively, as compared to 4, 5 and 6%, respectively, between discharge and 6 months follow-up. The time of follow-up to measure outcome should not be shorter than 6 months in @entity439 cases. It is emphasized that all @entity1 drop-outs from the initial ' @entity1 at risk' should be identified.

title: Total overall management and surgical outcome after XXXX in a defined population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival after surgery for @entity788 remains low. This improves with adjuvant chemotherapy, but up to 30% @entity1 do not receive the prescribed treatment. Neoadjuvant therapy may increase the proportion of @entity1 who receive all treatment components, may downstage disease before surgery, and may provide early treatment of micrometastases. This randomized phase 2 study compares @entity136 -based chemotherapy regimens to identify the most promising regimen for future study. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with potentially resectable pancreas lesions were enrolled onto the study. Twenty-four @entity1 were randomized to @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2)) every 7 days for 43 days; 26 @entity1 were randomized to @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (25 mg/m(2)), 7 to the original schedule (omitting day 22) and 19 to a revised schedule due to @entity1398 (omitting days 15 and 36). The primary outcome measure was resection rate. RESULTS: @entity1 who were allocated to @entity136 received a median of 85% of the planned dose. @entity1 who were allocated to combination treatment received a median of 88% and 92% of the planned @entity136 and @entity900 doses, respectively. There were 10 episodes of @entity1503 in each group. Twenty-seven @entity1 (54%) underwent pancreatic resection, 9 (38%) in the @entity136 arm and 18 (70%) in the combination arm, with no @entity455 . To date, 34 @entity1 (68%) have died. Twelve-month survival for the @entity136 and combination groups was 42% and 62%. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy can be safely administered before pancreatic surgery. Combination therapy with @entity136 and @entity900 is associated with a high resection rate and an encouraging survival rate, suggesting that further study is warranted.

title: A randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable XXXX : @entity136 alone versus @entity136 combined with @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increase in surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['grade III/IV hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent randomized trials have led to decreased use of completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in @entity0 @entity1 with a positive @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), causing controversy surrounding radiotherapy coverage of the axilla. We investigated the practice variation among radiation oncologists for regional nodal coverage for clinicopathologic scenarios and evaluated axillary field design decision-making processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A customized, web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to 983 community (n  = 617) and @entity4207 (n  = 366) radiation oncologists with a @entity0 subspecialty practicing in the United States. The survey consisted of 18 multiple-choice questions evaluating general clinical preferences surrounding @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) field design for @entity1 with @entity0 and a positive @entity1600 . Seven case scenarios were developed to investigate the field design in the setting of specific clinical and pathologic risk factors. Nodal coverage was classified as standard tangents (STs), high tangents (HTs), STs and a @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), or STs and full axillary coverage (AX). RESULTS: A total of 145 evaluable responses were collected, with a response rate of 15.0%. Of the respondents, 12 (8.3%) reported using completion ALND for @entity1 with 1 to 3 positive SLNs without extracapsular extension (ECE) and 66 (45.5%) performed ALND with 1 to 3 positive SLNs with ECE. For micrometastatic SLNs, with no lymphovascular system invasion, 115 (87.1%) used STs or HTs. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) influenced @entity1161 field design for @entity1 with a positive @entity1600 without ECE, with 64 (48.5%) using STs and @entity2194 or STs and AX treatment without NAC and 94 (70.7%) using @entity2194 and AX after NAC. With macrometastatic @entity1600 involvement, most respondents preferred @entity2194 (45.27%) and AX (45.66%). In contrast, for micrometastatic involvement, HTs (43.61%) were frequently chosen. Forty (27.8%) reported using online predictive nomograms to predict further axillary involvement, with no difference between the @entity4207 and community radiation oncologists (P  = .11). CONCLUSION: In @entity1600 biopsy-positive @entity0 with omission of completion ALND, axillary @entity1161 is increasing used to cover the undissected axilla. Most respondents use @entity2194 or AX for @entity1 with low to intermediate pathologic features. Online prediction nomograms are used by a few practitioners to assist in clinical decision-making in this setting.

title: Practice Patterns of Radiation Field Design for Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Early-Stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['SCF', 'supraclavicular field']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis of 40 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity320 of unknown primary site (MUP) was undertaken to analyze the etiology and clinical behavior of this presentation. METHODS: The @entity1 records were located by a computer search of the Pigmented Lesion Clinic data base at the University of Pennsylvania. With the Cox proportional hazards model, the survival of the MUP @entity1 with lymph node presentation was compared with that of @entity1 with @entity1600 and a known concurrent primary @entity320 . RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the @entity1 presented with @entity1600 only, 28% presented with @entity75 , and 8% presented with subcutaneous nodules. The prevalence of @entity6349 was 22.5%. The overall 4-year survival rate for the 40 MUP @entity1 was 55% +/- 9%. The 4-year survival (57% +/- 12%) of @entity1 with lymph node presentation was compared with that of @entity1 presenting with @entity1600 and a known concurrent primary @entity320 (19 +/- 6%). Survival was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.008). This survival difference remained significant (P = 0.02) even after adjustments for number of positive lymph nodes, year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis revealed that MUP @entity1 with @entity1600 survived significantly longer than @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1600 concurrent with a known cutaneous primary @entity320 . The prevalence of @entity6349 in the MUP @entity1 series was intermediate between that reported among primary @entity320 @entity1 and that reported among population controls, suggesting the likelihood of a primary cutaneous origin for the @entity320 .

title: XXXX of unknown primary site: presentation, treatment, and prognosis--a single institution study. University of Pennsylvania Pigmented Lesion Study Group.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['visceral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: We have described the unusual case of coexistence of @entity8 resulting in @entity1985 with @entity785 . A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Nephrology with marked @entity644 and @entity4 . The renal biopsy specimen disclosed the features characteristic of @entity631 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity5805 for 1 month followed by @entity229 for 1 month. However, her condition still did not improve. Therefore, the other causes of @entity1985 were investigated. Once anti-Scl-70 antibody was detected the @entity1 was transferred to the Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases. Physical examination revealed @entity2407 , sclerodactylia, thickened skin of the chest and back. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity7087 . The @entity786 therapy was instituted and the @entity1 's condition improved.

title: XXXX as a clinical manifestation of @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Providers use risk-adjustment systems to help manage healthcare costs. Typically, ordinary least squares (OLS) models on either untransformed or log-transformed cost are used. We examine the predictive ability of several statistical models, demonstrate how model choice depends on the goal for the predictive model, and examine whether building models on samples of the data affects model choice. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 525,620 Veterans Health Administration @entity1 with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) or @entity734 ( @entity734 ) diagnoses who incurred costs during fiscal year 1999. We tested two models on a transformation of cost: a Log Normal model and a Square-root Normal model, and three generalized linear models on untransformed cost, defined by distributional assumption and link function: Normal with identity link (OLS); Gamma with log link; and Gamma with square-root link. Risk-adjusters included age, sex, and 12 @entity1032 / @entity734 categories. To determine the best model among the entire dataset, predictive ability was evaluated using @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), and predictive ratios of predicted to observed cost (PR) among deciles of predicted cost, by comparing point estimates and 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. To study the effect of analyzing a random sample of the population on model choice, we re-computed these statistics using random samples beginning with 5,000 @entity1 and ending with the entire sample. RESULTS: The Square-root Normal model had the lowest estimates of the @entity2246 and MAPE, with bootstrap confidence intervals that were always lower than those for the other models. The Gamma with square-root link was best as measured by the PRs. The choice of best model could vary if smaller samples were used and the Gamma with square-root link model had convergence problems with small samples. CONCLUSION: Models with square-root transformation or link fit the data best. This function (whether used as transformation or as a link) seems to help deal with the high comorbidity of this population by introducing a form of interaction. The Gamma distribution helps with the long tail of the distribution. However, the Normal distribution is suitable if the correct transformation of the outcome is used.

title: Performance of statistical models to predict @entity1032 and XXXX cost.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean square error']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: We carried out a study to estimate the incidence of @entity9374 ( @entity9374 ), @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ), and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) requiring hospitalization and to determine which drug therapies were associated with these reactions. We reviewed the clinical records of all @entity1 who were hospitalized with these discharge diagnoses at Group Health Cooperative (GHC) of Puget Sound, Seattle, Wash, from 1972 through 1986. During this 14-year period, an average of about 260,000 @entity1 , with demographic characteristics similar to those of the general population, received their care from GHC, and there were about 25,000 admissions to hospitals per year at the GHC hospitals. Based on International Classification of Diseases-Adapted coding, a total of 61 suspect cases of @entity9374 , @entity6715 , or @entity137 were identified from the computerized hospital discharge file. Based on record review and the application of a uniform set of diagnostic criteria, a total of 37 @entity1 (61%) were classified as having @entity9374 , @entity6715 , or @entity137 . Of these, 16 cases (43%) were attributed to drugs administered to these @entity1 prior to hospitalization. The overall incidence of hospitalization for @entity9374 , @entity6715 , or @entity137 due to all causes was 4.2 per 10(6) @entity1 -years. The incidence of @entity137 alone due to all causes was 0.5 per 10(6) @entity1 -years. The incidence of @entity9374 , @entity6715 , or @entity137 associated with drug use were 7.0, 1.8, and 9.0 per 10(6) @entity1 -years, respectively, for @entity1 younger than 20 years of age, 20 to 64 years of age, and 65 years of age and older. Drug therapies with reaction rates in excess of 1 per 100,000 exposed individuals include @entity109 (20 per 100,000), @entity6616 (7 per 100,000), @entity207 and @entity206 , and @entity869 (both 3 per 100,000), and @entity115 (2 per 100,000). Overall, our data suggest that cases of @entity9374 , @entity6715 , and @entity137 sufficiently severe to require hospitalization are infrequent among outpatients using well-established drug therapies. A continuing challenge is the evaluation of these severe cutaneous reactions that are associated with newly marketed or less frequently prescribed drug therapies.

title: The incidence of @entity9374 , @entity6715 , and XXXX . A population-based study with particular reference to reactions caused by drugs among outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens Johnson syndrome', 'SJS']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme', 'EM']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemoradiation has become a routine modality in the treatment of @entity189 that may impair a @entity1 general condition. In these @entity1 , it is important to identify factors that influence postoperative recovery. @entity1144 (VO) as a metabolic risk factor was studied in @entity5 @entity1 receiving preoperative chemoradiation. AIM: The impact of VO on post-operative outcome in @entity189 surgery after preoperative chemoradiation was studied. In addition, the effect of chemoradiation on body composition was studied. METHOD: The visceral fat area(VFA), total fat area(TFA) and skeletal muscle area( @entity11280 ) were measured on cross-sectional CT-slides in 74 @entity1 who underwent @entity5 surgery after chemoradiation. CT-scans taken before and after chemoradiation were analysed. Associations between VFA, per- and @entity260 were studied. A VFA of 100  cm(2) and 130  cm(2) was used to differentiate between non-VO and VO. RESULTS: Using a VO cut-off point of a VFA of 100  cm(2), the VO @entity1 had more per-operative @entity190 (471  mL vs 271  mL p  =  0.020), a higher complication rate(10% vs 49% p  =  0.001), more ileus(2% vs 28% p  =  0.027) and a longer length of stay(9.7days vs 13days p  =  0.027). When a VFA of 130  cm(2) was used, VO @entity1 showed more complications(17% vs 55%, p  =  0.001) and ileus(10% vs 32% p  =  0.017). During chemoradiation the @entity11280 increased(Mean difference: 2.2  cm(2) p  =  0.024), while the VFA showed no change. CONCLUSION: It appears that VO is associated with co-morbidity and poor outcome in @entity5 @entity1 . Using different cutoff values for VO different associations with outcome were found. @entity11280 increased during chemoradiation, a phenomenon that remains to be explained.

title: XXXX , muscle mass and outcome in @entity5 surgery after neo-adjuvant chemo-radiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Visceral obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to compare gender differences in the psychometric properties of the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 ( @entity17378 ). METHODS: The sample comprised 334 Korean immigrants (97 @entity1 and 237 @entity1 ) who reported daily smoking for the past six months. Item-by-item responses and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were compared by gender. Promax rotation was selected based on findings from previous studies suggesting correlated factors. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 smoked fewer cigarettes per day, were more likely to smoke when ill in bed, and were less likely to smoke frequently in the morning. The entire sample and @entity1 within the sample had the same factor loading pattern, where three items (time to first cigarette, the cigarette most hate to give up, and smoke more frequently in the morning) were loaded on Factor 1 (morning smoking) and the remaining three items (difficult to refrain from smoking in public places, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking even when ill in bed) on @entity8876 (daytime smoking). For @entity1 , however, neither the 1- nor 2-factor model fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS: For Korean American male smokers, the psychometric properties of the @entity17378 were similar to those seen in other populations, but this was not the case with Korean American @entity1 . Clinicians may need to modify their interpretation of @entity1239 @entity734 severity if basing only on the @entity17378 with Korean @entity1 . The @entity17378 assesses smoking patterns which has a cultural influence and other measures of @entity1239 @entity734 should be considered.

title: Gender Differences in the Fagerstr  m Test for XXXX @entity734 in Korean Americans.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence', 'dependence']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings have been made from neurones lying in the myenteric plexus of @entity840 duodenum; some aspects of their membrane properties have been studied by passing current through the intracellular electrode while recording changes in membrane potential.2. The current-voltage relationship was linear for small changes in membrane potential, input resistances ranging from 125 to 250 MOmega. Larger hyperpolarizing currents (causing changes of 20-40 mV) caused the input resistance to fall.3. Depolarizing currents of 1 to 10 x 10(-10) A initiated action potentials with amplitudes of up to 95 mV.4. Two types of cell were distinguished when an action potential was initiated. In one group the action potential and undershoot had a form similar to that recorded from other @entity1 ganglia. In the second group an action potential was followed by both an undershoot and a prolonged afterhyperpolarization which was associated with a decrease in cell resistance.5. The two groups of cells were further distinguished by their responses to transmural stimulation. Only those cells which did not show an afterhyperpolarization could be shown to receive a synaptic input.6. The mechanism by which each cell type generates an action potential was different. The action potentials recorded from cells which had a detectable synaptic input were abolished by @entity1022 . In contrast, those recorded from the other type of cells persisted in the presence of @entity1022 . Preliminary experiments suggest that during an action potential these cells become permeable to both @entity1372 and @entity460 ions.7. Abolition of the @entity460 component of the action potential in cells which generated an afterhyperpolarization abolished this latter potential.8. The role of these two groups of cells is discussed.

title: Two types of neurones in the myenteric plexus of duodenum in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1995, a publicly funded pneumococcal vaccination program for 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) was introduced in Ontario. Conjugate vaccines were authorized in 2001 (PCV7), 2009 (PCV10) and 2010 (PCV13). METHODS: From 1995-2011, active, population-based surveillance for invasive @entity66 (IPD) was conducted in Metropolitan Toronto and Peel Region, Canada. RESULTS: 6404 IPD cases were included. After PPV23 program implementation in 1995, IPD due to PPV23 strains decreased 49% in older adults prior to PCV7 introduction. Estimated PPV23 efficacy in vaccine eligible adults was 42.2% (95% CI; 28.6-53.2%). IPD incidence due to PCV7 serotypes in @entity1 <5 years decreased significantly after PCV7 authorization and before introduction of a publicly funded PCV7 program. Seven years after PCV7 program implementation, the incidence of IPD due to PCV7 serotypes decreased to zero in @entity1 and by 88% in adults, however, overall IPD incidence remained unchanged in adults. In 2011, the incidence of IPD was 4.5 per 100,000 in adults aged 15-64 and 19.9 per 100,000 in adults aged over 65 years, with 45 serotypes causing disease. Between 1995 and 2011, the case fatality rate of IPD in adults decreased 2% per year (95% CI, -0.9% to -3.2%). In multivariable analysis, predictors of mortality included older age, chronic conditions, nursing home residence, current smoking, @entity582 , and illness due to serotypes 3,11A, @entity5686 , and 19F. CONCLUSIONS: While vaccination programs resulted in substantial public health benefits, herd immunity benefits of PCV7 were seen at low pediatric vaccination rates, and the case fatality rate of IPD has decreased, IPD will continue to be a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in adults.

title: Pneumococcal vaccination programs and the burden of invasive XXXX in Ontario, Canada, 1995-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal disease']


abstract: Strains of @entity7878 ssp. lactis and @entity7878 ssp. cremoris were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on plates of whey agar, Elliker agar, and @entity44451 agar at 15, 20, and 30 degrees C to determine the environmental conditions required for the expression of the ropy phenotype. Two strains, @entity7878 ssp. cremoris Ropy 352 and @entity7878 ssp. cremoris Hollandicus, exhibited two distinct polysaccharide phenotypes, ropy and mucoid. Expression of these phenotypes could be induced individually or simultaneously. The inducible nature of this response suggests that genetic regulators were present. Western blots were used to determine whether or not @entity7884 protease and RcsA, two regulators of polysaccharide expression in @entity526 , were present in lactococci. @entity7884 , a negative regulator, and RcsA, an unstable positive regulator, have been shown at the structural level to be conserved in a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. The present study found evidence for structural conservation of @entity7884 protease in lactococci. Less of the @entity7884 -like protein was observed in the ropy strains than in the nonropy strains.

title: Expression of ropy and mucoid phenotypes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity44451 :: ('p|SUB|M|17|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M17L']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that plasma @entity165 lowering action of partial ileal bypass ( @entity7659 ) is beneficial in mitigating accelerated transplantation coronary @entity455 . METHODS: Forty-one New Zealand white @entity95 were randomized to receive a normal (n = 21) or 1% @entity165 diet (n = 20). They underwent heterotopic heart transplantation with sham- @entity7659 (n = 19) or @entity7659 (n = 22) and immunosuppression with @entity205 (CyA). RESULTS: CyA increased plasma @entity165 of @entity95 receiving a normal diet. This effect was mitigated by @entity7659 (101 +/- 50 mg/dl CyA vs baseline 24 +/- 8, p < 0.001; vs 54 +/- 25 mg/dl with @entity7659 , p < 0.05). In @entity165 -fed @entity95 , @entity7659 decreased plasma @entity165 levels (520 +/- 236 mg/dl @entity7659 vs baseline 720 +/- 359, p < 0.05; vs 1502 +/- 253 mg/dl with sham @entity7659 , p < 0.00001). Coronary arteries (CA) of 21 5-week survivors were evaluated by light microscopy and digital morphometry. No rejection was noted. Histologic study revealed @entity455 in 3% of 705 native and 18% of 654 transplant CA (p < 0.05). Graft @entity455 (GV) was present in 25% of 365 CA of sham- @entity7659 and 10% of 289 CA of @entity7659 @entity95 (p = 0.07). In @entity165 -fed @entity95 , GV was characterized by @entity8481 in 75% of 91 pathologic CA of sham and 21% of 28 pathologic CA of @entity7659 @entity95 (p < 0.05). Graft intimal @entity1373 was not correlated with @entity165 intake or @entity7659 and was present in 18 of 119 pathologic CA. CONCLUSIONS: GV was characterized by fatty intimal proliferation, @entity82 , and a "mixed type." Fibrous intimal @entity1373 developed in native and transplanted hearts, and CyA seemed to promote this state. @entity1007 promoted @entity8481 , worsening GV. @entity7659 significantly decreased total @entity165 and retarded fatty proliferation of CA of native and transplanted hearts but did not prevent @entity455 . Therapy of @entity1007 is recommended to at least mitigate the fatty intimal proliferation of GV.

title: Role of XXXX in accelerated transplant coronary @entity455 : results of surgical therapy with partial ileal bypass in @entity95 undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy', 'intimal hyperplastic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8481 :: ('MESH:C536351', 'Disease') :: ['fatty proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: A simple implanted device was used to occlude the @entity2500 (MCA) of 50 conscious @entity468 . In the acute experiments, 10 @entity468 were given @entity2656 (1.2 gm/kg intravenously) and 10 @entity468 were untreated. The neurological status of the treated @entity468 improved. Perfusion with a mixture of colloidal @entity505 and buffered @entity1604 was carried out from 30 minutes to 12 hours following @entity2500 . Results of the morphological examination of the brains demonstrated that @entity2656 delayed the development of neuronal alterations and @entity4 . Measurement of capillary luminal diameters in the ischemic cortex of the untreated @entity468 revealed progressive narrowing with @entity3885 occurring at 6 hours. @entity2478 was absent or minimal in the treated @entity468 during the initial 6 hours. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier also was delayed by treatment. In the 30 subacute experiments, 10 @entity468 were untreated, 10 @entity468 received @entity2656 (1.2 gm/kg intravenously), and 10 @entity468 were given a combination of @entity2656 and high-dose @entity619 . Although early transient clinical improvement occurred in the treated animals, morphological findings in the brains of the treated and untreated @entity468 following 48 hours of @entity63 were not significantly different. Despite the finding that the beneficial effects of @entity2656 were relatively short-lived (6 to 12 hours), the delay in the development of irreversible changes probably is important as it would allow a longer period of time for the institution of a more definitive form of therapy.

title: Modification of acute focal @entity63 by treatment with XXXX and high-dose @entity619 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['left middle cerebral artery', 'MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary narrowing']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory obstruction']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed for @entity5823 expression in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) or high-grade @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) to examine the possibility that anti- @entity5823 could be targeted therapy in these @entity1 . METHODS: Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis was performed on bone marrow aspirates of 135 @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 and peripheral blood samples in a subset of 33 @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry was performed on bone marrow aspirate clot specimens of 84 @entity1 . RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 63 years (range, 13-92 years); 102 (75%) @entity1 had refractory or recurrent disease, and 68 (50%) had high-risk cytogenetics. Overall, the median percentage of blasts positive for @entity5823 was 14% (range, 0%-91%). By using an arbitrary 20% cutoff, 49 (36%) @entity1 were considered to have @entity5823 expression. Monocytic cells, either mature or immature, were consistently negative for @entity5823 . Therefore, @entity5823 expression was less in @entity3052 with monocytic differentiation (P = .006). The @entity1 with persistent disease who had been actively treated had a higher level of @entity5823 expression than the @entity1 who were untreated (P = .031). In paired samples, @entity5823 expression was consistently higher in bone marrow blasts than in peripheral blood blasts (P = .002). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated @entity5823 expression by myeloblasts in a subset of @entity1 , but reactivity was generally weaker and focally compared. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5823 is expressed by myeloblasts in a substantial subset of @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 . Because the study group was composed mostly of @entity1 with high-risk @entity3052 or @entity2590 in whom very few treatment options are available, these data raise the possibility that anti- @entity5823 -targeted therapy could be a potential option for this @entity1 group.

title: @entity5823 expression in high-risk @entity3052 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Classical studies have shown that @entity4224 salivary secretion is responsible for the sensitization to mosquito bites and many of the components present in saliva are immunogenic and capable of inducing an intense immune response. Therefore, we have characterized a @entity19 model of adjuvant-free systemic @entity566 induced by natural exposure to mosquito bites. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized by exposure to A. aegypti mosquito bites and intranasally challenged with @entity4613 -buffered saline only or the mosquito's salivary gland extract (SGE). Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung were collected and evaluated for cellularity, histopathological analyses, cytokines and antibody determination. Respiratory pattern was analyzed by Penh measurements and tracheal segments were obtained to study in vitro reactivity to @entity2710 . BAL recovered from sensitized @entity19 following challenge with SGE showed an increased number of eosinophils and @entity61 cytokines such as @entity58 , @entity59 and @entity1312 . Peribronchoalveolar eosinophil infiltration, mucus and collagen were also observed in lung parenchyma of sensitized @entity19 , suggesting the development of a typical @entity61 response. However, the antibody profile in serum of these @entity19 evidenced a mixed-type response with presence of both, @entity6527 /IgE ( @entity61 -related) and @entity9749 ( @entity630 -related) isotypes. In addition, changes in breathing pattern and tracheal reactivity to @entity2710 were not found. Taken together, our results show that A. aegypti bites trigger an atypical @entity56 , with some classical cellular and soluble @entity61 components in the lung, but also systemic @entity630 and @entity61 antibody isotypes and no change in either the respiratory pattern or the @entity825 responsiveness to agonist.

title: Exposure to @entity4224 Bites Induces a Mixed-Type XXXX following Salivary Antigens Challenge in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Response']


abstract: T cell mediated immune responses in the gut can produce @entity8884 . We have investigated the relevance of mucosal mast cells ( @entity1139 ) to the mechanisms of this @entity7017 by using graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) in the @entity35 as a model of @entity56 . Measurements of mucosal architecture, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and @entity1139 counts were performed in control and experimental @entity35 , and release of @entity35 mast cell protease II (RMCPII) into the bloodstream was used as an index of @entity1139 activation. In unirradiated @entity35 , jejunal @entity1139 count was increased on day 14 of the GvHR (mean 272/mm2 v 182 in controls, p less than 0.01), as was serum RMCPII (p less than 0.01). Irradiated @entity35 (4.5 Gy, reconstituted with isogeneic spleen cells) had low counts of IEL and crypt @entity1373 seven to 14 days after irradiation. Irradiated @entity35 with GvHR (induced by ip injection of parental strain spleen cells) and studied on days 7, 10 and 14, had significant @entity7017 with longer crypts and higher CCPR than matched irradiated animals (p less than 0.05 on day 14 when compared with irradiation alone). Intraepithelial lymphocytes counts, however, reflected only the effect of radiation. Irradiation, with or without GvHR, led to the virtual disappearance of jejunal @entity1139 , undetectable jejunal RMCPII and very low levels of RMCPII in serum (all p less than 0.01 when compared with unirradiated controls). These experiments show that there is a modest expansion in jejunal @entity1139 in unirradiated @entity35 with semiallogeneic GvHR, whereas irradiation, alone or associated with GvHR, profoundly depletes @entity1139 for at least two weeks. The @entity7017 of GvHR can evolve in the virtual absence of @entity1139 .

title: Separate effects of irradiation and of graft-versus-host reaction on XXXX mucosal mast cells.

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy and malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal delayed type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A significant proportion of @entity1 with severe @entity3657 require revascularization. Over the past decade, an endovascular-first approach even for complex disease has gained widespread use among vascular specialists. An important limitation of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty or stenting remains the occurrence of @entity256 . @entity8038 have emerged as an exciting technology developed to overcome the limitations of standard balloon angioplasty and stenting. Drug-eluting devices inhibit neointimal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells with the potential of preventing @entity256 . This review provides a synopsis of the up-to-date evidence on the role of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of @entity3657 . Bibliographic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library electronic database. Eleven randomized clinical trials, two systematic reviews, and a published registry providing the best available evidence were identified. Current evidence suggests that angioplasty with @entity8038 is reliable, safe, and efficient in increasing patency rates and reducing @entity75 revascularization and @entity256 . However, it remains unknown whether these improved results can translate into beneficial clinical outcomes, as current randomized clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in limb salvage and mortality. Further randomized trials focusing on clinical and functional outcomes of @entity661 and on cost versus clinical benefit are required.

title: @entity661 for XXXX : the evidence to date.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-coated balloons', 'drug-coated balloon']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['drug-eluting balloons']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['lower limb peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: The study was conducted to determine the @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of @entity5066 in egg from hens hyperimmunized with @entity526 coli K88 antigens (EGG) fed to weaned @entity1707 . Spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) was included for comparison. Eight barrows (Yorkshire-Landrace   Duroc; initial BW of 17    1 kg) were fitted with a @entity1619 at the distal ileum and fed 2 diets in a completely randomized design to give 4 replicates per diet. The diets were @entity4336 ( @entity2829 ) starch based with either EGG or SDPP as the sole source of protein and were formulated to contain 130 g/kg @entity2723 . At the end of the study, a 50 g/kg casein diet was fed to all @entity1707 (n = 8) to quantify endogenous N and @entity5066 losses to determine @entity4628 . @entity6701 (3 g/kg) was included in the diets as an indigestible maker. Each period lasted for 7 @entity12526 were adapted to their respective diets for 5 d followed by 12 h of continuous ileal digesta collection on days 6 and 7. Daily feed allowance was set at 4% BW at the beginning of each period and offered in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1600 h as a dry mash. @entity1707 had unlimited access to water via low pressure nipple drinkers. The @entity4628 (%) of @entity2723 and indispensable @entity5066 were lower (P < 0.05) in EGG compared with SDPP. The @entity4628 (%) of @entity2723 (82 vs. 96) and indispensable @entity5066 were lower (P < 0.05) in @entity1707 fed EGG compared with SDPP. In conclusion, the average @entity4628 and @entity4628 and indispensable @entity5066 in EGG are lower than in SDPP when fed at high levels.

title: Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in egg from hyperimmunized hens fed to weaned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'SID of N', 'SID', 'standardized ileal digestibility', 'apparent ileal digestibility']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity1311 , the first of a new class of microtubule-stabilizing anti- @entity5 agents, has been hailed as the most significant chemotherapy advance in 15 years. Early clinical results showed response rates of 24%-30% in @entity902 refractory @entity43 at doses ranging from 110-250 mg/m(2) repeated every three to four weeks. The dose limiting @entity137 is @entity1398 which is characteristically profound, but brief. Severe @entity56 reactions which occurred in the phase I studies can be prevented by the use of anti- @entity56 pre-medication. From a slow start constrained by drug availability, the clinical development of @entity1311 has accelerated dramatically as the issue of product supply has been solved. Substantial activity has been reported in @entity0 (56% RR in pre-treated @entity1 ; 62% RR in @entity1 untreated for @entity1442 ) and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) (20%-30% RR in advanced stage IIIb/IV @entity1 ). Significant activity has been reported also in @entity320 , @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity150 , @entity957 of the @entity135 , and of the esophagus, cervical and @entity1204 , as well as @entity706 . Combination chemotherapy studies have shown high activity in a variety of @entity5 types. Superiority over standard therapy has been demonstrated in @entity43 in phase III randomized studies. @entity1311 's novel mechanism of action and relative lack of clinical cross-resistance with other agents suggest a role in the combination therapy of early stage disease.

title: XXXX ( @entity1311  ): A new natural product with major anticancer activity.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and lung cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity484 can cause considerable @entity74 , such as @entity148 , @entity308 , and difficulties at work, and it may also cause @entity250 . AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate sexual function in @entity1 with @entity484 and to find out whether concomitant @entity308 has an additional negative effect on sexual function in these @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual functions were evaluated in @entity484 @entity1 . METHODS: Ninety-one female (43 @entity1 vs. 48 controls) and 79 male (45 @entity1 vs. 34 controls) subjects were enrolled in the study. @entity484 severity index was used to determine severity of @entity484 . The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were used to assess sexual function. Quality of life was assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Diagnosis of @entity308 was made based on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, while the Hamilton Depression Rate Scale was used for grading @entity308 . RESULTS: Among 43 female subjects with @entity484 , 26 had @entity308 (60.46%); of the 45 male @entity1 , 11 had @entity308 (24.44%). FSFI total score was found to be significantly decreased in female @entity1 with both @entity484 and @entity308 compared with controls (20.84 +/- 9.19 vs. 24.04 +/- 3.40, P < 0.05). FSFI total score was found to be significantly decreased in female @entity1 with both @entity484 and @entity308 compared with those without @entity308 (20.84 +/- 9.19 vs. 22.23 +/- 5.82, P < 0.05). IIEF total score was also found to be significantly decreased in male @entity1 with or without @entity308 compared with controls (52.36 +/- 14.83 vs. 59.88 +/- 5.65 vs. 62.03 +/- 11.04, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity484 had @entity250 had an additional negative effect on @entity250 . @entity1 with @entity484 should be evaluated with regard to sexual function and @entity308 to provide a better quality of life.

title: @entity250 in XXXX with chronic hand eczema in the Turkish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disorders']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema', 'eczema', 'Hand eczema']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction, and concomitant depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8434 is an illness that is still to be found in our setting. The lungs and liver are the organs most frequently involved and it rarely extends to bones. Involvement of the spine is infrequent, but it can give rise to a high degree of disability and may recur despite apparently complete excision. Here we report a case of recurring spinal @entity8434 with radiological and surgical particularities. CASE REPORT: Our case involves a 63-year-old male living in a rural area of the northern part of Spain's central plateau. The @entity1 had a history of surgery for spinal @entity8434 and was on treatment with @entity7400 . In the months before his visit, the @entity1 had experienced difficulty in walking and urgency incontinence. The examination revealed paraparesis that predominantly affected the right-hand side and the @entity1 required bilateral support to be able to walk. A dorso-lumbar magnetic resonance scan showed post-surgery changes with pedicular instrumentation added later in another centre, and a hydatid cyst with involvement of the body of the D10 vertebra, epidural extension and compression of the spinal cord. The @entity1 was submitted to a surgical procedure involving the extraction of the system of fixation and full macroscopic excision of the cyst, with partial resection of the body of the vertebra. Initially the @entity1 displayed motor improvement and treatment with @entity7400 was reintroduced in high doses. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal @entity8434 is a rare condition that, in spite of correct surgical and medical treatment, often recurs. Magnetic resonance scans show characteristic 'honeycomb' images, which are sometimes large and have their origins in the body of the vertebra. Although successive surgical interventions can become increasingly more difficult because of old instrumentation or the conservation of compromised vertebral bodies, @entity146 excision is indicated while the @entity1 still has useful neurological functioning.

title: [Radiological and surgical characteristics of a case of recurring spinal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidosis', 'hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: Genotypic abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system have been suggested as a risk factor for the development of @entity5714 in @entity6 @entity1 . We studied the relationship of either an insertion-deletion polymorphism in the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene and the @entity7742 and @entity26203 variant polymorphisms of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 and its relationship with @entity65 . A total of 193 @entity2175 @entity1 (89 @entity1 and 104 @entity1 aged 59.2 +/- 10.0 years; @entity6 duration, 13.2 +/- 6.2 years) and 90 control subjects (42 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 aged 45.4 +/- 12.6 years) were recruited for the association study. Distribution of the genotype or allelic frequencies for all the studied polymorphisms did not differ significantly between controls and @entity2175 @entity1 . @entity1289 and @entity2178 genes did not display any difference in clinical or metabolic parameters according to each gene's genotype for either the control or the @entity2175 group. For evaluation of @entity8 and @entity989 , @entity2175 @entity1 were matched with subjects not having @entity5714 . Thus, a total of 60 @entity1 had @entity2316 and were compared with 100 @entity1 with normoalbuminuria. Sixty-eight @entity2175 @entity1 had @entity6 , and 92 @entity1 presented no signs of @entity989 . There were no differences in genotypic or allelic distribution between @entity2175 @entity1 for either the presence or absence of @entity989 or @entity8 . We conclude that the @entity1289 and @entity2178 polymorphisms do not contribute to the genetic susceptibility to @entity2316 and @entity989 in a caucasian Mediterranean population.

title: @entity1289 and @entity2178 gene polymorphisms in @entity2175 . Lack of relationship with XXXX and @entity989 in a Caucasian Mediterranean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathic complications']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: The epidemic of @entity2973 and @entity28 is a major problem because of the plethora of health and economic issues that it induces. Key among these is the sharply increasing prevalence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity65 . The development of @entity2175 is characterised by two processes: 1) @entity2690 resistance, resulting from impaired @entity2690 signalling and leading to an increased demand for @entity2690 , which must be met by increased @entity2690 production by pancreatic b-cells (compensatory b-cell function); and 2) b-cell dysfunction, with @entity2175 developing when the amount of @entity2690 that is produced is insufficient to meet the demand. Overweight and @entity28 , especially in case of abdominal fat accumulation, are associated with systemic low-grade inf lammation. This low-grade inf lammation is characterised by, among other things, higher levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and @entity1718 . These can interfere with normal @entity2690 function and thereby induce @entity2690 resistance, and have also been implicated in b-cell dysfunction. This review focuses on the known and emerging relations between @entity32 and @entity2175 . We first discuss current views on the effects of fat distribution on adipose tissue @entity32 and adipose tissue dysfunction. Next we focus on the detrimental roles of proinflammatory cytokines and @entity1718 on @entity2690 signalling and b-cell function. In the last part of this review we provide some insight into novel players in (the initiation of) @entity32 in @entity2973 and @entity28 , and their effects on @entity532 .

title: Obesity-associated low-grade XXXX in type 2 diabetes mellitus: causes and consequences.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['T2D and vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters for @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) were determined before and following 2 weeks of @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) administration in five healthy male volunteers. Mean @entity2052 dosage was 16.4 mg kg-1 day-1. @entity2050 dosage was started at 100 mg twice daily and increased after 1 week to a total daily dose of 300 mg. 2. After @entity2050 administration, mean @entity2052 plasma clearance increased from 0.90 +/- 0.18 s.d. to 1.26 +/- 0.24 l @entity7285 (P less than 0.05) as did clearance of free @entity2052 (20.8 +/- 7.6 to 37.0 +/- 13.6 l @entity7285 ). Mean @entity2052 elimination rate constant increased from 0.051 +/- 0.011 to 0.067 +/- 0.011 @entity7285 (P less than 0.05) after @entity2050 administration. 3. Mean area under the serum concentration vs time curve decreased from 675.0 +/- 130.5 to 475.7 +/- 75.7 mg l-1 h (P less than 0.05) after @entity2050 administration. Mean serum @entity2052 half-life decreased from 14.0 +/- 2.4 to 10.6 +/- 1.4 h (P less than 0.05). Mean serum @entity2052 trough concentrations decreased from 44.0 +/- 16.7 to 27.0 +/- 10.4 micrograms ml-1 (P less than 0.05). 4. A significant change was not observed in the mean @entity2052 volume of distribution after @entity2050 coadministration suggesting that enzyme induction rather than a competition for plasma protein binding sites was involved in this interaction. 5. Despite the increased clearance of @entity2052 , the urinary recovery of @entity2052 or conjugate did not increase after @entity2050 administration.

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity1092 disposition in adult volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']