abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) is a common disease of aging that leads to gait instability resulting from loss of leg sensory and motor functions. The results of surgical intervention have been studied using a variety of methods, but no test has been reported that objectively measures integrative leg motor sensory functions in @entity3799 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of using a novel @entity13197 ( @entity13197 ) test to measure integrative motor sensory functions in @entity1 with @entity3799 before and after surgery. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity3799 were enrolled in this prospective study. Clinical data and scores from standard outcomes questionnaires were obtained before and after surgery. @entity1 also participated in experimental test protocols consisting of standard kinematic gait testing, the Purdue pegboard test, and the novel @entity13197 test. RESULTS: The @entity13197 test protocol was well tolerated by @entity3799 @entity1 and generated objective performance data over short test periods. In @entity1 who participated in postoperative testing, the group measures of mean @entity13197 errors decreased following surgery. Gait velocity measures followed a similar pattern of group improvement postoperatively. Practical barriers to implementing this extensive battery of tests resulted in subject attrition over time. Compared with kinematic gait testing, the @entity13197 protocol required less space and could be effectively implemented more efficiently. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity13197 test provides a practical means of obtaining objective measures of leg motor sensory functions in @entity1 with @entity3799 . Additional testing with a larger cohort of @entity1 is required to use @entity13197 data to rigorously examine group treatment effects. ABBREVIATIONS: BW, body weightCSM, cervical spondylotic myelopathymJOA, modified Japanese Orthopedic AssociationSLS, @entity13197 .

title: Effect of Surgery on Gait and Sensory Motor Performance in XXXX With @entity3799 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical spondylotic myelopathy', 'CSM']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['SLS', 'single leg squat']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to determine which lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with incident falls in community dwelling older @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Concord Health and Ageing in @entity1 Project involves a representative sample of community dwelling @entity1 70 years old or older in a defined geographic region in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Included in analysis were 1,090 @entity1 without @entity16 , poor mobility or @entity303 at baseline. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) and @entity322 was assessed using ICIQ (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire) at baseline. I-PSS subscores were calculated for storage and voiding symptoms. Incident falls in 1 year were determined by telephone followup every 4 months. RESULTS: I-PSS storage and voiding subscores were associated with falls. Urgency @entity322 was associated with falls (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.57, 95% CI 1.54-4.30). In addition, intermediate to high I-PSS storage subscores without urgency @entity322 were associated with falls (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.72, 95% CI 1.24-2.38). Other types of @entity322 and urgency alone without urgency @entity322 were not associated with falls. CONCLUSIONS: Lower urinary tract storage and voiding symptoms were associated with falls in community dwelling older @entity1 . Of the symptoms of @entity2182 urgency @entity322 carried a high risk of falls. Storage symptoms also contributed to the fall risk independently of urgency @entity322 . Circumstances of falls among @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms should be explored to understand how lower urinary tract symptoms increase the fall risk and generate hypotheses regarding potential interventions. Furthermore, trials to treat lower urinary tract symptoms in older @entity1 should include falls as an end point.

title: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Incident Falls in Community Dwelling Older @entity1 : The Concord Health and Ageing in XXXX Project.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3785 is a critical signalling component in plant defence responses. In @entity958 , @entity35399 synthase encoded by @entity19061 is essential for the biosynthesis of @entity3785 in response to biotic challenges. Recently, both the calmodulin binding protein @entity35400 and its closest homolog, the non-calmodulin binding SARD1, have been shown to bind to the promoter region of @entity19061 . Loss of both @entity35400 and SARD1 severely impacts the plants ability to produce SA in response to bacterial inoculation and renders the plant susceptible to @entity281 . In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay @entity35400 and SARD1 were shown to bind specifically to a 10mer oligonucleotide with the sequence GAAATTTTGG. RESULTS: Gene expression profiling on a custom microarray identified a set of genes, like @entity19061 , down-regulated in @entity35400 sard1 mutant plants. Co-expression analysis across a defined set of @entity35401 full genome microarray experiments expanded this gene set; clustering analysis was then applied to group densely interconnected genes. A stringent threshold for co-expression identified two related calmodulin-like genes tightly associated with @entity19061 . @entity19061 was found to cluster with genes whose promoter regions were significantly enriched with GAAATT motifs. Genes clustering with @entity19061 were found to be down-regulated in the @entity35400 sard1 double mutant. Representative genes from other clusters enriched with the GAAATT motif were found to be variously down-regulated, unchanged or up-regulated in the double mutant. A previously characterised co-expression between @entity19061 and @entity35402 was not reproduced in this analysis but was contained within a subset of the experiments where @entity19061 was co-expressed with @entity35400 or SARD1. CONCLUSION: Putative components of the @entity35400 SARD1 signalling network have been uncovered by co-expression analysis. In addition to genes whose regulation is similar to that of @entity19061 some are repressed by @entity35400 and SARD1.

title: Co-expression analysis identifies putative targets for XXXX and SARD1 regulation.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid', 'Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity35399 :: ('MESH:C052985', 'Chemical') :: ['isochorismate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity35400 :: (832750(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['CBP60g']


abstract: Making animal models of @entity1 disease is a very flawed process. Aspects of the disease can be imitated but models do not necessarily give reliable leads for treatment strategies. When Ungerstedt in Sweden first described the @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) treated @entity35 model of @entity191 /89/ we knew that the symptoms would not map readily to those of the @entity1 disease-- @entity35 have four legs after all. On the other hand, the @entity454 . That remained true even as we explored other types of neuropathology in the @entity35 /24,43-46,80/. Many of today's treatments for @entity304 are developed from pharmacological studies on that model of @entity35 with a @entity8 . However, the @entity2955 model does not address the important issue of a cure for the disease. The triggers and the time-course of @entity935 (DA) cell death in @entity35 are known for nearly every disease model - but for the @entity1 disease there is no equivalent knowledge. In the @entity1 , the neurons have been dying for a considerable time before the symptoms become obvious and they go on dying even with adequate symptomatic relief /94/, but after intracerebral administration of @entity2955 to an animal the cells die quickly; all cells are destroyed in less than 5 days /42,88,89/. Thus, we were interested in developing an animal model of DA cell death with a slower time-course. After ibotenic acid injections into @entity35 globus pallidus (GP), DA cells are lost from the ipsilateral substantia nigra over the slower time scale of about six weeks. This time scale has allowed us to test some interventions to prevent the cells from dying. Although some attempts have succeeded, cell death is prevented only for three weeks -beyond that treatments fail and DA cells die. At the moment, this model has at least opened a window into causes of @entity528 in a slower time scale /94/ than previous rodent models.

title: Slowly progressive XXXX cell loss--a model on which to test neuroprotective strategies for @entity191 ?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['chemically induced lesion']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathology looked exactly like end-stage Parkinsonian pathology']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Endovascular treatment has become the preferred method of repair of abdominal and thoracic @entity449 , and comes with a unique complication in the form of endoleaks (type I-IV). @entity1070 are the focus of this review. They are the most common form of endoleak detected in CT surveillance following endovascular repair. They are observed in 9% to 30% of @entity1 after abdominal endovascular repair (EVR), and 1.4% following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVR). They are classified as primary or secondary, depending on when they are identified following EVR. Typically, retrograde filling of the @entity439 sac is caused by single or multiple, patent feeding vessels. Despite its relative frequency, there is a lack of consensus on the threshold at which treatment should be considered. The aims of treatment are to halt sac expansion or to prevent @entity397 . A majority of @entity1 may be managed conservatively. In those that are treated, the most common form of management is single vessel embolization. As we will discuss here, there are several ways of performing this procedure, based on the site of endoleak, and causative vessel. Possible reasons for poor success rates will also be discussed. A general consensus on how to best manage these @entity1 is yet to be reached. The aim of this review is to give an overview of @entity1070 , their natural history and vessels most commonly involved, as well as different approaches to embolisation.

title: Embolisation of type 2 endoleaks after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['Type II endoleaks', 'type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 and @entity2521 are common diseases affecting post-menopausal @entity1 ; however, the exact relationship between the diseases is still uncertain. The purposes of this study were to examine the periodontal status in a group of type I post-menopausal @entity1 with and without @entity170 and to elucidate the possible role of the @entity170 in the pathogenesis of @entity2520 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (18 in the @entity3604 and 16 in the non- @entity3604 group) were selected from 329 post-menopausal Taiwanese @entity1 who had completed radiographic measurements of spinal bone mineral density and received full-mouth periodontal examination. Periodontal measurements, including O'Leary plaque index, probing depths, clinical attachment level, and @entity1464 , on 6 sites of each tooth of @entity2133 were examined and recorded by 1 examiner. RESULTS: Significantly greater probing depth was noted at the interproximal, but not at the facio-lingual, @entity3604 sites if compared to those non- @entity3604 sites. The depth was also significantly influenced by the examining factors of plaque accumulation, tooth location, and jaws. By individual jaw, increased attachment loss accompanied by greater probing depth and @entity1464 was found at the @entity3604 sites on mandible if compared to non- @entity3604 sites. On maxilla, however, @entity1464 and attachment loss were observed at the @entity3604 sites. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, increased attachment loss accompanied by greater probing depth and @entity1464 was found at the @entity3604 sites on mandible. However, the parameters were also influenced by the examining factors of plaque accumulation, tooth location, and jaws. Therefore, we suggest that @entity14577 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2520 , especially on the mandible, although the etiology of @entity2520 is still multi-factorial.

title: Periodontal status in @entity14577 : a preliminary clinical study in Taiwanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'less gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['full mouth']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective vasopressor cross-over interventional studyObjectives:To examine how two vasopressors used in acute traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) affect intrathecal cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the corresponding spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP). SETTING: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. METHODS: Acute @entity1566 @entity1 over the age of 17 with cervical or thoracic @entity73 ( @entity73 ). A, B or C injuries were enrolled in this study. Two vasopressors, @entity1063 and @entity935 , were evaluated in a 'crossover procedure' to directly compare their effect on the @entity551 ( @entity551 ). The vasopressor cross-over procedures were performed in the intensive care unit where @entity551 , @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and heart rate were being continuously measured. The SCPP was calculated as the difference between @entity551 and @entity551 . RESULTS: A total of 11 @entity1 were enrolled and included in our analysis. There were 6 @entity1 with @entity73 A, 3 with @entity73 B and 2 with @entity73 C injuries at baseline. We performed 24 cross-over interventions in these 11 @entity1 . There was no difference in @entity551 with the use of @entity1063 versus @entity935 (84  1   mm   Hg for both; P=0.33). Conversely, @entity551 was significantly lower with the use of @entity1063 than with @entity935 (17  1   mm   Hg vs 20  1   mm   Hg, respectively, P<0.001). This decrease in @entity551 with @entity1063 resulted in an increased SCPP during the @entity1063 infusion when compared with @entity935 (67  1   mm   Hg vs 65  1   mm   Hg respectively, P=0.0049). CONCLUSION: @entity1063 was able to maintain @entity551 with a lower @entity551 and a correspondingly higher SCPP as compared with @entity935 in this study. These results suggest that @entity1063 may be preferable to @entity935 if vasopressor support is required post @entity1566 to maintain elevated MAPs in accordance with published guidelines.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 7 June 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.79.

title: The differential effects of @entity1063 and XXXX on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure after acute @entity1 @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ASIA Impairment Scale', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'intrathecal pressure', 'MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The biologic safety profile of oral health care products is often assumed on the basis of simplistic test models such as monolayer cell culture systems. We developed and characterized a tissue-engineered @entity1 oral mucosal model, which was proven to represent a potentially more informative and more clinically relevant alternative for the biologic assessment of mouthwashes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biologic effects of @entity167 -containing mouthwashes on an engineered @entity1 oral mucosal model. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) models were engineered by the air/liquid interface culture technique using @entity1 oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The models were exposed to @entity1391 buffered saline (negative control), @entity9029 (positive control), cola, and three types of @entity167 -containing mouthwashes. The biologic response was recorded using basic histology; a cell proliferation assay; @entity2454 tissue-viability assay; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis; and the measurement of release of @entity1356 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in tissue viability among the mouthwashes, cola, and negative control groups. However, exposure to the positive control significantly reduced the tissue viability and caused severe @entity16 as confirmed by histology and TEM analysis. A significant increase of @entity1356 release was observed with the positive control and, to a lesser extent, with two of the tested mouthrinses. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D human oral mucosal model can be a suitable model for the biologic testing of mouthwashes. The @entity167 -containing mouthwashes tested in this study do not cause significant cytotoxic damage and may slightly stimulate @entity1356 release.

title: Biologic assessment of antiseptic mouthwashes using a three-dimensional XXXX oral mucosal model.

entities_list: @entity9029 :: ('MESH:C020946', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylene glycol dimethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic epithelial damage']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An animal model for @entity5419 is needed to assess genetically modified food crops for potential allergenicity. The ideal model must produce @entity56 antibody (IgE) to proteins differentially according to known allergenicity before being used to accurately identify potential allergens among novel proteins. The oral route is the most relevant for exposure to food antigens, and a protein's stability to digestion is a current risk assessment tool based on this natural route. However, normal laboratory animals do not mount @entity56 responses to proteins administered orally due to oral tolerance, an immunologic mechanism which specifically suppresses IgE. To circumvent oral tolerance and evoke differential IgE responses to a panel of allergenic and nonallergenic food extracts, female C3H/HeJ @entity19 were exposed subcutaneously or orally with cholera toxin as an adjuvant. All foods elicited IgE by the subcutaneous route. Oral exposure, however, resulted in IgE to allergens (peanut, Brazil nut, and egg white) but not to nonallergens ( @entity2772 and @entity233 ), provided that the dose and exposures were limited. Additionally, in vitro digestibility assays demonstrated the presence of digestion-stable proteins in the allergenic food extracts but not in the nonallergenic foods. Our results suggest that the subcutaneous route is inadequate to distinguish allergens from nonallergens, but oral exposure under the appropriate experimental conditions will result in differential @entity56 responses in accordance with known allergenicity. Moreover, those foods containing digestion-resistant proteins provoke @entity56 responses in this model, supporting the current use of pepsin resistance in the decision tree for potential allergenicity assessment.

title: Differences in allergenic potential of food extracts following oral exposure in XXXX reflect differences in digestibility: potential approaches to safety assessment.

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of @entity45 requires total removal of the cyst wall during the first operation to prevent recurrence. Therefore, intraoperative pathological diagnosis plays an important role in determining the optimal surgical strategy. We present a rare case of a spinal endodermal cyst and discuss its diagnostic difficulty during the intraoperative pathological examination. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 18-year-old male presented with progressive paraparesis and precordial oppression. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary cystic mass having the same signal intensity as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without @entity2287 enhancement at the T1-T2 level. The preoperative diagnosis was an endodermal or @entity145 . The @entity1 underwent surgery. An intraoperative frozen section showed a cyst wall consisting of loose, thin, fibrous tissue intermittently covered by flattened epithelium. The diagnosis was an @entity145 . Accordingly, partial resection of the cyst wall was performed to create CSF communication between the cyst and subarachnoid space. However, the postoperative pathological diagnosis from permanent sections was an endodermal cyst, which was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium that was immunopositive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Subsequent paraffin embedding and immunostaining of the intraoperative frozen sample also confirmed patchy cytokeratin expression by all flattened epithelial cells. The @entity1 's cyst had refilled 10 months after surgery, and he subsequently underwent fenestration of the cyst wall and placement of a cyst-subarachnoid shunt. CONCLUSION: Examination of multiple samples from multiple sites or intraoperative immunostaining of frozen sections is recommended for accurate intraoperative diagnosis of @entity45 .

title: Spinal endodermal cyst resembling an XXXX in appearance: Pitfalls in intraoperative diagnosis of cystic lesions.

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal cysts']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence on the role of diet during adulthood and beyond on @entity174 occurrence is limited. We investigated diet and @entity173 incidence in a population of elderly Europeans, @entity1 in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and nutrition study. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 29, 122 volunteers (10,538 @entity1 , 18,584 @entity1 ) aged 60 years and above (mean age: 64.3) from five countries were followed up for a median of 8 years and 275 incident @entity173 (222 @entity1 and 53 @entity1 ) were recorded. Diet was assessed at baseline through validated dietary questionnaires. Data were analyzed through Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: No food group or nutrient was significantly associated with @entity173 occurrence. There were suggestive inverse associations, however, with vegetable consumption (hazard ratio (HR) per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-1.01), fish consumption (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85-1.02) and polyunsaturated lipid intake (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.02), whereas saturated lipid intake was positively associated with @entity173 risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.29). Consumption of dairy products did not appear to influence the risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective study of the elderly, diet, including consumption of dairy products, @entity167 and @entity560 , did not appear to play a major role in @entity173 incidence. There is however, weak and statistically non-significant evidence that vegetable and fish consumption and intake of polyunsaturated lipids may have a beneficial, whereas saturated lipid intake a detrimental effect.

title: Diet and XXXX among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the accuracy and acceptability of capillary blood @entity413 monitoring using the earlobe. BACKGROUND: In current practice, blood samples for capillary blood @entity413 monitoring are obtained from the fingertip. Because obtaining blood samples from the fingertip is sometimes contraindicated, it is necessary to identify an alternative site for the procedure. DESIGN: A single- @entity1 design with repeated measurements. METHODS: @entity1 from an outpatient clinic and four medical wards were recruited to the study, in 2014, if they met one of the following criteria: (i) were in a relatively stable glycaemic state; (ii) were currently receiving intravenous infusion; (iii) had been diagnosed with @entity8 or (iv) were aged 65  years or above and bedbound. Blood samples were obtained from the fingertip and the earlobe consecutively for blood @entity413 monitoring. @entity1 were asked to rate the respective @entity158 level caused by the procedures. Intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to demonstrate the level of absolute agreement between the two blood @entity413 readings. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the @entity158 levels. RESULTS: A total of 120 @entity1 participated in the study between February - December 2014. The intra-class correlation coefficient between the readings at the two sampling sites was significantly high, except in a hypoglycaemic state. @entity1 generally reported a significantly lower level of @entity158 when the earlobe rather than fingertip was pricked. CONCLUSION: The earlobe is to be recommended as a safe alternative site for capillary blood @entity413 monitoring unless the @entity1 is in a suspected hypoglycaemic state.

title: The accuracy and acceptability of performing capillary blood XXXX measurements at the earlobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the outcome of a cohort of young @entity1 treated with @entity1871 for fertility-sparing management of @entity1869 ( @entity1373 ) and @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). This retrospective multicentre cohort study included @entity1 under the age of 40 years treated conservatively for @entity1373 and @entity1204 to preserve fertility using @entity1871 for at least 3 months. Four inclusion criteria were defined: (i) the presence of @entity1373 or grade 1 @entity1204 confirmed by two pathologists (including a reference pathologist); (ii) the use of conservative management for fertility sparing; (iii) adequate radiological examination before conservative management; and (iv) a minimal follow-up time of one year. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (8 had @entity1204 , and 14 had @entity1373 ). After @entity1871 treatment, 17 @entity1 responded. Among the 17 @entity1 who experienced remission, three also experienced disease relapse. One @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity1373 experienced progression of her disease to stage IIIA @entity1204 . Ten pregnancies were achieved in eight @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fertility-sparing management using @entity1871 offers the opportunity to fulfil maternal desires in young @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1373 and @entity1204 . However, progression of the disease is possible and close follow-up is needed.

title: @entity1871 treatment of XXXX and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium to preserve fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial atypical hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['atypical hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity8864 reductase is a unique dual cofactor- and pH-dependent enzyme that converts @entity8864 to @entity648 and displays extensive inter-organ pI and molecular weight microheterogeneity. Presently we have explored the molecular basis for these properties. The @entity535 composition and the sequences of @entity2733 termini plus five tryptic fragments of purified @entity35 liver and kidney enzymes were obtained. A 62-nucleotide DNA probe was designed and in combination with antibody was used to screen a @entity35 kidney cDNA library. A cDNA sequence of 1108 base pairs (bp) containing an 885-bp open reading frame was generated. The cloned cDNA probe detected a single mRNA of approximately 1500 bp in liver and kidney. The open reading frame encodes a 295 @entity535 protein. @entity1853 and @entity2574 residues at positions 1 and 2 of the deduced protein are removed during processing. The deduced @entity535 composition of the mature protein closely matched that of the purified @entity35 liver and kidney enzymes. All liver peptides were found in the deduced @entity535 sequence of kidney enzyme and the @entity2733 termini of both enzymes were identical. The expressed protein co-migrated with purified reductase and was recognized by antiserum to the enzyme. The expressed reductase displayed two distinct pH optima using a different cofactor at each pH: @entity2125 at the lower pH 6.7-6.9 range and @entity1110 at pH 8.5-8.7. The findings suggest that the liver and kidney enzymes are the products of the same transcript(s) and that their microheterogeneity may reflect tissue-specific post-translational modifications.

title: Expression and characterization of a cDNA for @entity35 kidney XXXX reductase. Evidence suggesting the liver and kidney enzymes are the same transcript product.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['Biliverdin', 'biliverdin']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity8864 :: (MESH:D001664,Chemical) :: ['biliverdin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The functional components of bone marrow (i.e., the @entity1583 and stromal populations) and the adjacent bone have traditionally been evaluated incompletely as distinct entities rather than the integrated system. We perturbed this system in vivo using a medically relevant radiation model in the presence or absence of ovarian function to understand integrated tissue interaction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ovary-intact and ovariectomized @entity19 underwent either no radiation or single fractional 16 Gy radiation to the caudal skeleton (I    R, OVX    R). Marrow fat, @entity1583 cellularity, and cancellous bone volume fraction (BV/TV %) were assessed. Ovariectomy alone did not significantly reduce marrow cellularity in non-irradiated @entity19 (OVX-R vs. I-R, p = 0.8445) after 30 days; however it impaired the @entity1583 recovery of marrow following radiation exposure (OVX+R vs. I+R, p = 0.0092). The combination of radiation and OVX dramatically increases marrow fat compared to either factor alone (p = 0.0062). The synergistic effect was also apparent in the reduction of @entity1583 marrow cellularity (p = 0.0661); however it was absent in BV/TV% changes (p = 0.2520). The expected inverse relationship between marrow adiposity vs. @entity1583 cellularity and bone volume was observed. Interestingly compared with OVX @entity19 , intact @entity19 demonstrated double the reduction in @entity1583 cellularity and a tenfold greater degree of @entity604 for a given unit of expansion in marrow fat. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Ovariectomy prior to delivery of a clinically-relevant focal radiation exposure in @entity19 , exacerbated post-radiation adipose accumulation in the marrow space but blunted @entity604 and @entity1583 suppression. In the normally coupled homeostatic relationship between the bone and marrow domains, OVX appears to alter feedback mechanisms. Confirmation of this non-linear phenomenon (presumably due to differential radiosensitivity) and demonstration of the mechanism of action is needed to provide strategies to diminish the effect of radiation on exposed tissues.

title: The influence of therapeutic radiation on the patterns of bone marrow in ovary-intact and ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Purpose. To report a reduction in macular ganglion cell layer and @entity389 (GCL+IPL) thickness and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with @entity1805 due to posterior cerebral artery (PCA) @entity64 . Methods. Seven @entity1 with @entity1416 were examined using Cirrus high-definition- @entity6653 . The GCL+IPL thicknesses were divided into the hemianopic and unaffected sides. The relationship between the time after @entity64 and the GCL+IPL thicknesses in the hemianopic side was evaluated. Results. The average thicknesses of the GCL+IPL were 64.6 and 82.0    m on the hemianopic and unaffected sides, respectively, and the measurement was significantly thinner on the former side (p = 0.018). A regression analysis revealed a negative linear relationship (R (2) = 0.574, p = 0.049) between the time after stoke and the GCL+IPL thicknesses on the hemianopic side. The supratemporal and inferotemporal cpRNFL thicknesses in the eyes ipsilateral to the @entity64 showed a significant reduction. Conclusion. Our findings confirmed our previous observations that the degeneration of @entity2479 cells can occur after @entity1416 . GCL+IPL thinning was demonstrated in the hemiretinae corresponding to the affected hemifields. Also, it is suggested that the retinal changes observed are progressive.

title: Retinal Ganglion Cell Atrophy in XXXX due to Acquired Occipital Lesions Observed Using Cirrus High-Definition- @entity6653 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['PCA stroke']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['homonymous hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner plexiform layer']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['Homonymous Hemianopia']


abstract: One way to prevent @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is to institute preventive measures against @entity8 in the general population. @entity1 with @entity8 should have genetic counselling. Certain @entity281 affecting or causing @entity8 can be eradicated. @entity1 should be cautious in the use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Exposure to @entity9436 , heavy metals and toxic gases should be avoided. Proper management of @entity6 , gout, @entity1290 and @entity101 can prevent @entity8 . In @entity1 with @entity8 , the following factors if treated or modified can prevent or ameliorate @entity8 : glomerular @entity101 , cell mediated proliferation, lipid induced proliferation, coagulation and @entity715 . Pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity8 should be well managed and termination advised if necessary. Reversible causes of @entity177 as well as acute reversible elements can be removed or treated. @entity810 due to toxins can be avoided, although prevention requires awareness of association with @entity177 . Prevention too depends on early detection of nephrotoxic injury like: greater awareness of hazards of environmental toxins, careful monitoring of dosage of nephrotoxic drugs and when possible, total avoidance of nephrotoxins should be the rule. Finally, in @entity1 with @entity8 , prevention or amelioration of @entity8 with pharmacological agents have been achieved in some instances.

title: Can therapeutic interventions prevent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'renal diseases', 'hereditary kidney diseases', 'renal injury', 'renal damage', 'glomerular disease', 'established renal disease', 'renal disease', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To observe the effect of lipopolysaccharides( @entity558 ) extracted from Porphyromonas endodontalis(P.e) and Porphyromonas gingivals(P.g) on the expression of @entity5751 and TLRs in osteoblast. METHODS: @entity19 cells were stimulated with 10 g/ @entity28034 .e- @entity558 and P.g- @entity558 . The change of @entity5751 , @entity8932 and @entity1990 mRNA was observed at different time point (0,1,3,6,12,24h) using RT-PCR,and the expression of @entity5751 , @entity8932 and @entity1990 protein was measured by flow cytometry at 24-hour. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett t test with SPSS11.0 software package. RESULTS: @entity19 cells were stimulated with 10 g/ @entity28034 .e- @entity558 for 1h,the expression of @entity5751 and @entity1990 mRNA increased significantly. There was no increase of @entity8932 mRNA with stimulation of P.e- @entity558 . The @entity5751 , @entity8932 and @entity1990 mRNA expression increased significantly after stimulation with 10 g/ @entity28034 .g- @entity558 . Flow cytometry showed that @entity5751 and @entity1990 protein increased significantly after stimulation with 10 g/ @entity28034 .e- @entity558 . @entity5751 , @entity8932 and @entity1990 protein increased significantly after treatment with 10 g/ @entity28034 .g- @entity558 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5751 , @entity1990 receptors are involved in P.e- @entity558 effect and @entity5751 , @entity8932 and @entity1990 receptors are involved in P.g- @entity558 effect in @entity19 osteoblast.

title: [Effects of lipopolysaccharides from various Porphyromonas on the expression of XXXX and TLRs in @entity19 osteoblast].

answer: @entity5751 :: (12475(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: The light microscopy and ultrastructural features of two maxillofacial @entity1352 are presented. By light microscopy, one of the @entity5 revealed the typical biphasic pattern while the other was predominantly @entity241 . Ultrastructurally, both cases revealed a biphasic pattern. Epithelial-like cells displayed abundant mitochondria, Golgi profiles, electron-dense bodies, cytolysosomes, and thin filaments. Stromal cells were spindle-shaped and provided with smaller cytoplasm and scant organelles, mainly consisting of profiles of rough endoplasmic retuculum, mitochondria, and free ribosomes. Pseudoglandular spaces lined by cuboidal to flattened epithelial-like cells with apical microvilli were numerous. Basal lamina and intercellular junctions were prominent in one case, but sparse in the other. The most undifferentiated @entity5 revealed many intercellular clefts containing filopodia among the epithelial-like cells; occasional intracyltoplasmic lumina were also present. These findings are somewhat similar to those reported in normal and @entity66 of the synovium. However, the location of the @entity5 in areas normally devoid of synovium suggests one more that they might arise from nonspecialized primitive mesenchyme.

title: Maxillofacial XXXX . Light- and electron-microscopic study of two cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonneoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['synovial sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity31 can be cured by total proctocolectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for colectomy-related complications in @entity31 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity31 who underwent total colectomy at Seoul National University Hospital from 1990 to 2009 were identified through a surgical database. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. They were followed for a mean of 6.2 years, and risk factors affecting the development of complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 85 @entity31 @entity1 (M:F = 35:50) were enrolled and analyzed. Eighty (94.1%) @entity1 received total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Thirty-nine (45.9%) @entity1 had readmitted (95 hospitalizations) and 23 (27.1%) underwent further surgical procedures (44 operations) due to complications. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.99; p=0.046), delayed surgery (OR, 3.45; p=0.03), and postoperative pathological diagnosis of @entity1141 / @entity5 (OR, 4.22; p=0.03) were the risk factors for complication-related rehospitalization. @entity5042 (OR, 6.31; p=0.007) and frequent previous @entity31 flare-up (OR, 1.39; p=0.023) were the risk factors for complication-related reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, delayed surgery, pathological diagnosis of @entity1141 / @entity5 , @entity5042 , and frequent previous flare-up are the risk factors for @entity260 .

title: Risk factors for complications after total colectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The early and accurate detection of @entity43 continues to pose a problem. To what degree can the evaluation of a maximum number of sonographic @entity5 markers on the basis of a newly developed 10-item score improve the preoperative assessment of @entity5 in postmenopausal @entity1 ? MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study 195 postmenopausal @entity1 with an @entity5 were examined by transvaginal sonography. A score allowing the evaluation of 10 sonographic markers was used to predict the @entity5 status: 1. Total @entity5 structure, 2. @entity5 border, 3. wall thickness, 4. inner echoes in cystic component, 5. septa, 6. shape of echocomplex or of the completely solid @entity5 , 7. echogenicity of the echocomplex or of the completely solid @entity5 , 8. acoustic phenomena behind @entity5 , 9. ascites, 10. detection of liver metastases/peritoneal carcinosis. The different markers were rated on a scale from 0 to 2 points depending upon the degree of expression observed for the individual characteristics. The total score obtained after addition of the point number recorded for each marker served as the basis for the assessment of the sonographic @entity5 status. The @entity5 was then assessed by a second sonographer to confirm the validity of the score. After having been informed of all clinical parameters, this sonographer evaluated the @entity5 status assessment based on his previous experience. The @entity5 status assessment according to the score as well as that by the experienced sonographer were compared postoperatively with the results of the histological diagnosis. RESULTS: All assessment criteria of the score with the exception of septal thickness showed p-values of < 0.05, thus demonstrating a statistically significant correlation between score point numbers and histological findings. A suitable scoring threshold for the sonographic differentiation between @entity5 was determined at > or = 10 points at a sensitivity of 96.8% and a specificity of 91.2%, a positive predictive value of 91.2% and a negative predictive value of 96.9%. Ninety of 93 malignant and 93 of 102 @entity5 were accurately identified. Compared with the @entity5 status assessment by the experienced sonographer, the score offers a clear advantage in the evaluation of ambiguous cases. In 24 of 38 @entity5 whose @entity5 status could not be determined definitely by the experienced sonographer, the accurate @entity5 status could be established on the basis of the score. Using the score a problem continues to exist, however, for a small number of false-positive assessments of @entity5 , which occurred in particular for @entity48 and @entity81 . CONCLUSION: The 10-item score provides even an inexperienced ultrasound sonographer with a valuable tool allowing the assessment of the @entity5 status of postmenopausal @entity5 with a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. For the experienced sonographer the score represents, in particular in the case of indistinct ultrasound findings, a refined and improved method for the prediction of @entity5 status.

title: A new sonomorphologic scoring-system (Mainz score) for the @entity43 using transvaginal ultrasonography. Part II: A comparison between the scoring-system and the assessment by an experienced sonographer in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant and benign adnexal tumors', 'adnexal tumors', 'adnexal tumor', 'benign tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1919 phosphodiesterase activity in @entity291 brain coated vesicles displayed a Km of approximately 22 microM for @entity1919 , a Vmax of 3.2 nmol/min/mg protein, and a Hill coefficient of 1.5, suggesting positive cooperativity. The enzyme activity was stimulated by @entity8262 with maximal indexes of stimulation ranging between 40 and 300%. Both basal and stimulated phosphodiesterase activities were immunotitrated with polyclonal antibodies against clathrin attached to heat-inactivated, @entity406 -fixed @entity794 cells. The main form of phosphodiesterase activity present in the immunoprecipitated brain coated vesicle preparation also is stimulated by @entity8262 . The allosteric behavior was modulated by @entity8262 . All of these properties are typical of type II or @entity8262 -sensitive phosphodiesterases in addition to their @entity460 and calmodulin independence. Competition experiments with a series of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, @entity3302 , @entity1922 , and @entity2544 , showed inhibition of @entity1919 hydrolysis. @entity6105 was inactive at the highest concentration used, 100 microM. These compounds also inhibited the @entity8262 -stimulated @entity1919 hydrolysis with @entity6105 practically inactive. At 5 microM @entity1919 none of the inhibitors was seen to stimulate the @entity1919 hydrolytic activity. The presence of an enzyme for the breakdown of @entity8613 in brain coated vesicles may suggest a role for these second messengers in the in vivo functions of this organelle.

title: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in XXXX brain coated vesicles.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine', 'Trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP', 'cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Regional reductions in @entity62 ( @entity62 ) have been reported in several chronic somatic and @entity3825 conditions, including @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and chronic @entity788 . Reported @entity62 reductions include insular and anterior cingulate cortices, even though subregions are generally not specified. The majority of published studies suffer from limited sample size, heterogeneity of populations, and lack of analyses for sex differences. We aimed to characterize regional changes in @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in a large number of well phenotyped @entity1744 @entity1 , taking into account the role of sex related differences. METHODS: Cortical @entity62 thickness was determined in 266 subjects (90 @entity1744 [70 predominantly premenopausal female] and 176 healthy controls (HC) [155 predominantly premenopausal female]) using the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) Pipeline. A combined region of interest (ROI) and whole brain approach was used to detect any sub-regional and vertex-level differences after removing effects of age and total @entity62 volume. Correlation analyses were performed on behavioral data. RESULTS: While @entity1744 as a group did not show significant differences in @entity121 compared to HCs, sex related differences were observed both within the @entity1744 and the HC groups. When female @entity1744 @entity1 were compared to female HCs, whole brain analysis showed significant @entity121 increase in somatosensory and primary motor cortex, as well as @entity121 decrease in bilateral subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). The ROI analysis showed significant regional @entity121 decrease in bilateral subregions of insular cortex, while @entity121 decrease in cingulate was limited to left sgACC, accounting for the effect of age and @entity62 volume. Several measures of @entity1744 symptom severity showed significant correlation with @entity121 changes in female @entity1744 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Significant, sex related differences in @entity121 are present in both HCs and in @entity1744 @entity1 . The biphasic neuroplastic changes in female @entity1744 @entity1 are related to symptom severity.

title: Sex-related differences of @entity121 in XXXX with chronic abdominal pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness', 'CT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The long-term prognosis in severe @entity712 is very poor. Therapeutic regimens, in order to improve prognosis, should directly or indirectly influence the compensatory systems that are activated, @entity1289 -inhibitor therapy has emerged as an important regimen in this context. In the CONSENSUS-trial (3), we could demonstrate that the addition of @entity4688 to conventional therapy in severe CHF significantly improved survival. The experience from this study forms the background for the recommendations in this work. 253 @entity1 with severe @entity712 (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification functional class IV) were randomized at 35 Scandinavian centers to placebo (n = 126) or @entity4688 (n = 127), in addition to their conventional therapy. The treatment dose of @entity4688 varied between 2.5 and 40 mg daily ( @entity1 18.3 mg). Blood samples for measurement of serum electrolytes and serum @entity1011 were taken repeatedly during follow-up. There seems to be about a 10% increase in @entity1011 within 2 weeks of initiating @entity4688 therapy. This increase seems to be independent of baseline @entity1011 level. Adverse experience regarding serum @entity1011 was reported in 22 placebo-treated @entity1 and in 51 @entity1 in the @entity4688 group. This reporting was based upon the investigators' feelings of significant importance of the observation and not on symptomatology. This was the main reason for permanent withdrawal in 2 and 7 @entity1 , respectively. During initiation of @entity4688 therapy the blood pressure response is important after the very first dose, but for renal function the response may not appear until several days later. However, in most @entity1 there are no problems with starting @entity4688 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity1289 -inhibition on renal function in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few inflammatory markers closely reflect the activity of @entity378 and only a few surrogate markers are available. The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ), and the association between these markers and T-cell profiles. METHODS: One hundred one @entity1 with @entity1907 were enrolled in this study. The associations between ESR, @entity1851 , and @entity5475 values on admission and microbiological and radiological findings and T-cell profiles were assessed. @entity1198 /Th2 and @entity33356 / @entity23906 were determined by analyzing intracellular cytokine staining for @entity379 and @entity3646 in blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry after stimulation with @entity4515 and @entity1360 . RESULTS: There were significant correlations between ESR, @entity1851 , and @entity5475 , of which the correlation between @entity1851 and @entity5475 was strong (r = 0.88). @entity1851 values significantly correlated with the sputum smear scale and the extent of lesions, and were higher in bilateral lesions. @entity5475 values correlated with the sputum smear scale, whereas all markers were higher in @entity1 with @entity1143 . Both @entity1851 and @entity5475 levels negatively correlated with the ratio of @entity1198 /Th2. In contrast, ESR negatively correlated with the ratio of @entity33356 / @entity23906 . CONCLUSION: @entity1851 reflected the disease severity before treatment. @entity1851 and @entity5475 values were associated with helper T-cell proportions whereas ESR was associated with cytotoxic T-cell proportions, both being type 2 predominant.

title: Inflammatory markers in XXXX : association with @entity1198 /Th2 and @entity33356 / @entity23906 balance.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: The release of new DNA-based diagnostic tools has increased tremendously in companion animals. Over 70 different DNA variants are now known for the cat, including DNA variants in disease-associated genes and genes causing aesthetically interesting traits. The impact genetic tests have on animal breeding and health management is significant because of the ability to control the breeding of @entity468 , especially breed @entity468 . If used properly, genetic testing can prevent the production of diseased animals, causing the reduction of the frequency of the causal variant in the population, and, potentially, the eventual eradication of the disease. However, testing of some identified DNA variants may be unwarranted and cause undo strife within the cat breeding community and unnecessary reduction of gene pools and availability of breeding animals. Testing for @entity22608 ( @entity22608 ) in @entity468 , specifically the genetic testing of the @entity35788 ( @entity35789 ) and the @entity35790 ( @entity35791 ) variants in @entity35792 ( @entity35792 ), has come under scrutiny. No health problems are associated with the @entity35790 ( @entity35791 ) variant, however, breeders that obtain positive results for this variant are speculating as to possible correlation with health concerns. Birman @entity468 already have a markedly reduced gene pool and have a high frequency of the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant. Further reduction of the gene pool by eliminating @entity468 that are heterozygous or homozygous for only the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant could lead to more inbreeding depression effects on the breed population. Herein is debated the genetic testing of the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant in @entity468 . Surveys from different laboratories suggest the @entity35788 ( @entity35789 ) disease-associated variant should be monitored in the cat breed populations, particularly breeds with Siamese derivations and outcrosses. However, the @entity35790 has no evidence of association with disease in @entity468 and testing is not recommended in the absence of @entity35788 genotyping. Selection against the @entity35790 is not warranted in cat populations. More rigorous guidelines may be required to support the genetic testing of DNA variants in all animal species.

title: @entity22608 in XXXX - clarification regarding genetic testing.

entities_list: @entity22608 :: ('MESH:D009087', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI', 'MPS VI']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case and management of @entity726 and @entity2687 associated with @entity1539 implants. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SETTINGS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine. @entity1 : A 29-year-old @entity1 presented with bilateral redness, severe @entity158 , @entity3917 , and @entity227 . Examination revealed intraocular pressure (IOP) of 38 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg right and left eye respectively, bilateral conjunctival injection 3+, epithelial @entity3279 , microhyphema, cells 3+ to 4+ and flare 2+, bilateral @entity1539 implants, and surgical peripheral iridectomies. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity726 and @entity2687 associated with @entity1539 implants. INTERVENTION: Immediate medical management of @entity32 and elevated IOP, anterior segment imaging, specular microscopy, Humphrey 24-2 @entity227 ( @entity227 ) testing; following failed conservative management, combined trabeculectomy and removal of the iris implants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anterior chamber @entity32 and microhyphema, IOP, and @entity3279 . RESULTS: Anterior segment imaging demonstrated bilateral implant-iris apposition and implant-angle structures apposition. Specular microscopy demonstrated a significant reduction of the number of endothelial cells. @entity227 test demonstrated a right superior @entity1019 and a normal left @entity227 . Following surgical treatment IOP normalized and @entity32 and microhyphema subsided. However, mild @entity3279 persisted. CONCLUSION: Cosmetic iris implantation may lead to @entity726 and @entity2687 . Therefore, its use should be reserved for @entity1 with significant medical indications, and avoided in @entity1 with intact natural iridies, until more short-term and long-term safety data are available.

title: XXXX and @entity2687 in association with @entity1539 implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF', 'reduction in visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic iris']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['UGH syndrome', 'uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['arcuate scotoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colorectal mucosal biopsies occasionally demonstrate the presence of bacteria adherent to the epithelium. This study evaluated the histological and ultrastructural correlates of such bacterial adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rectal mucosal biopsies from eight @entity1 in whom histopathological examination of biopsies had earlier demonstrated adherent bacteria were examined by electron microscopy and by bacterial culture. Colorectal biopsies of 69 @entity1 with adherent bacteria detected histologically were retrospectively evaluated for histological changes at sites proximal and distant to adherent bacteria. RESULTS: @entity526 of different serogroups were isolated from 7 of 8 rectal biopsies demonstrating bacterial adherence. All isolates showed diffuse or focal adherence to HEp-2 cell monolayers. Ultrastructural changes noted included microvillus damage, pedestal formation, actin web condensation, and protrusions of the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells into the lumen towards the bacteria. Histological changes noted at light microscopy included reduction in epithelial cell height, focal epithelial cell degeneration, cryptitis and neutrophil infiltration at sites of bacterial adherence whereas these were usually absent at sites distant to adherent bacteria. Bacterial adherence was noted more often in biopsies from @entity30 @entity1 than in @entity1 without this diagnosis (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Adherent @entity526 in colorectal biopsies were associated with focal epithelial damage and showed an association with @entity30 .

title: Adherent XXXX in colorectal mucosal biopsies: a histological and ultrastructural evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine whether the monitoring of abnormal muscle response (AMR) and facial motor evoked potential (FMEP) during microvascular decompression (MVD) for @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) might be useful for predicting the postoperative clinical course and final outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed 45 @entity1649 @entity1 who underwent both AMR and FMEP monitoring during MVD. @entity1 were divided into two groups on the basis of post-MVD disappearance (group AMR-A) or persistence (group AMR-B) of AMR. With regard to FMEPs, @entity1 were classified into one of the two groups according to the ratio of the final to baseline FMEP amplitudes recorded for the orbicularis oculi muscle: one group with a ratio of <50% (group FMEP-A), and the other with a ratio of >= 50% (group FMEP-B). RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 26 (81%) @entity1 in group AMR-A were assigned to group FMEP-A, whereas 9 of the 17 (53%) @entity1 in group AMR-B were assigned to FMEP-B (P < 0.05). In 38 of the 40 (95%) @entity1 in whom the AMRs disappeared or persisted at amplitudes <50% that at the baseline, @entity1649 had subsided at the final follow-up. Forty of the 42 (95%) @entity1 whose FMEP amplitude ratios indicated reduction in the amplitudes from the baseline, had complete relief of the symptoms. Nineteen of the 20 (95%) @entity1 whose AMRs disappeared after MVD experienced immediate relief of their symptoms after the operation. With regard to 14 of the 20 (70%) @entity1 whose AMRs persisted at the final recordings, the symptoms of @entity1649 improved over time and eventually subsided (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative monitoring of both AMR and FMEP during MVD may be useful in predicting the postoperative outcomes in @entity1649 @entity1 . The AMR-related findings may help to predict whether @entity1649 disappears immediately after surgery or some time later.

title: Monitoring of abnormal muscle response and facial motor evoked potential during microvascular decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm', 'HFS']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['hemifacial spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) is the most commonly used methods of laparoscopic gastrectomy for upper and middle @entity356 . However, @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is unpopular because reconstruction is difficult, especially for the intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy. We adopted @entity348 with various types of intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy. In this study, we compared LATG and @entity348 to evaluate their outcomes. METHODS: From March 2006 to September 2015, 253 @entity1 with upper and middle @entity356 underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG), 145 @entity1 underwent LATG, and 108 @entity1 underwent @entity348 . The clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively compared between the two groups. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS: The operation time and estimated @entity190 were similar between the groups. There were no significant differences in first flatus, diet initiation, and postoperative hospital stay. The surgical complication rates were 17.2  % (25/145) and 13.9  % (15/108) in the LATG and @entity348 groups, respectively. The meta-analysis also revealed no significant differences in the operation time, estimated @entity190 , time to first flatus, length of hospital stay, overall, and @entity254 -related complications among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity348 is a feasible choice for @entity356 @entity1 , with comparable results to the LATG approach.

title: Totally laparoscopic versus laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy for upper and middle XXXX : a single-unit experience of 253 cases with meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy', 'TLTG']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Rotavirus is the major cause of severe, dehydrating @entity1902 . Infection is limited to the gut, but the relative roles of serum and secretory @entity7571 ( @entity7571 ) in protection are unclear. Specific copro- @entity7571 is predictive of duodenal antirotaviral @entity7571 and correlates with @entity778 coproantibody. Copro- @entity7571 conversion is a more sensitive marker of rotavirus reinfection than seroconversion. We measured rotavirus reinfections by copro- @entity7571 conversion prospectively in 35 @entity1 recruited at a time of severe @entity6425 . The @entity1 were followed up longitudinally for 14 to 31 months to determine whether high coproantibody levels correlated with clinical protection against @entity6425 . Ninety-four percent of the @entity1 experienced reinfection, and 38% developed persistent elevations in specific copro- @entity7571 termed plateaus. Plateau @entity1 had a higher mean annual rate of @entity6425 and a lower ratio of symptomatic to total number of rotavirus reinfections than did nonplateau @entity1 . The annual rates of @entity6425 and disease were significantly higher outside the plateau than inside it in children experiencing antirotavirus copro- @entity7571 plateaus. Frequent @entity6425 of @entity1 appears to stimulate production of a specific copro- @entity7571 plateau which correlates with protection against an excess of @entity281 .

title: Role of coproantibody in clinical protection of XXXX during reinfection with rotavirus.

entities_list: @entity7571 :: ('973', 'Gene') :: ['copro-immunoglobulin A', 'IgA']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus-neutralizing']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['infantile gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and symptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'rotavirus disease', 'rotavirus illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Several experimental and theoretical lines of evidence implicate oxidant mechanisms in the @entity651 which leads to the clinical syndrome called the @entity649 ( @entity649 ). The fact that the injury is characterized by @entity55 and that neutrophils can injure lung cells by producing reactive @entity26 species provide all of the events necessary for extracellular oxidant stress as an important mechanism of injury. In experimental models and in the clinical syndrome, biochemical evidence of oxidant injury can be measured in the form of lipid peroxidation products. In some models, antioxidants, even antioxidant enzymes which do not access cell interiors, can protect the lungs from injury. There is also evidence that reactive @entity26 species generated within lung cells may provide an additional oxidant mechanism of injury. Gram negative bacterial endotoxin can directly injure lung endothelial cells in culture. This injury is unaffected by @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 (antioxidant enzymes which do not enter cells), but is prevented by several antioxidants which penetrate cells (including @entity3733 , @entity14455 and @entity208 ). The fact that @entity208 can inhibit direct lung cell injury by endotoxin suggests that @entity3624 oxidase may be a source of oxidant generation in lung endothelial cells. Current data suggest a two stage oxidant process of lung cell injury where there is both direct injury of the cell by intracellular generation of toxic oxidants and triggering of the inflammatory response. Activated inflammatory cells adherent to lung cells then enhance the injury by the generation and release of extracellular oxidants.

title: Oxidant stress and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14455 :: ('MESH:C038983', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl thiourea']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lung injury']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['adult respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs (19-25 nucleotides) that play a major role in regulation of gene expression. They are responsible for the control of fundamental cellular processes that has been reported to be involved in @entity1 tumorigenesis. The characterization of miRNA profiles in @entity1 @entity5 is crucial for the understanding of carcinogenesis processes, finding of new @entity5 markers, and discovering of specific targets for the development of innovative therapies. The aim of this study is to find miRNAs involved in @entity263 progression comparing the profile of miRNA expressed by localized high grade @entity189 and bone @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity5 where submitted to analyses. The first is characterized by 18 @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy for treatment of localized high grade @entity263 (PC) with mean Gleason score 8.6, all staged pT3. The second group is composed of 4 @entity1 with metastatic, @entity342 -independent @entity263 , and 2 PC cell lines. LNCaP derived from a metastatic PC to a lymph node, and another derived from an obstructive, @entity342 -independent PC (PcBRA1). Expression analysis of 14 miRNAs was carried out using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity10075 , @entity26719 , and miR-218 were significantly overexpressed by all localized high GS, pT3 PC in comparison with @entity189 . (35.065 vs. 0.996 P<0.001), (55.550 vs. 8.314, P=0.010), and (33.549 vs. 2.748, P=0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that @entity10075 , @entity26719 , and miR-218 may be involved in the process of metastasization of PC, and their role as controllers of the expression of RAS, @entity517 , Laminin 5 b3, @entity32709 , @entity23116 , and @entity32710 should be matter of additional studies.

title: Change in expression of @entity10075 , @entity26719 , and miR-218 from high grade localized XXXX to @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Poor micronutrient intakes are a major contributing factor to the high burden of @entity942 in C  te d'Ivoire. Large-scale food fortification is considered a cost-effective approach to deliver micronutrients, and fortification of salt ( @entity1496 ), @entity3505 flour ( @entity68 and @entity1501 ), and vegetable oil ( @entity904 ) is mandatory in C  te d'Ivoire. A cross-sectional survey on households with at least one @entity1 6-23 months was conducted to update coverage figures with adequately fortified food vehicles in Abidjan, the capital of and largest urban community in C  te d'Ivoire, and to evaluate whether additional @entity68 and @entity904 intake is sufficient to bear the potential to reduce micronutrient @entity3147 . Information on demographics and food consumption was collected, along with samples of salt and oil. @entity3505 flour was sampled from bakeries and retailers residing in the selected clusters. In Abidjan, 86% and 97% of salt and vegetable oil samples, respectively, were adequately fortified, while only 32% of @entity3505 flour samples were adequately fortified, but all samples contained some added @entity68 . There were no major differences in additional @entity904 and @entity68 intake between poor and non-poor households. For @entity904 in oil, the additional percentage of the recommended nutrient intake was 27% and 40% for @entity1 6-23 months and @entity1 of reproductive age, respectively, while for @entity68 from @entity3505 flour, only 13% and 19% could be covered. Compared to previous estimates, coverage has remained stable for salt and @entity3505 flour, but improved for vegetable oil. Fortification of vegetable oil clearly provides a meaningful additional amount of @entity904 . This is not currently the case for @entity68 , due to the low fortification levels. @entity68 levels in @entity3505 flour should be increased and monitored, and additional vehicles should be explored to add @entity68 to the Ivorian diet.

title: The Potential of Food Fortification to Add Micronutrients in Young XXXX and @entity1 of Reproductive Age - Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Abidjan, C  te d'Ivoire.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['micronutrient deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secretory @entity3900 ( @entity7098 ) and @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) are enzyme biomarkers of increased cardiovascular risk and targets of emerging therapeutic agents. Their relationship to cardiovascular events in the setting of high-dose statin therapy compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1187 is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity were measured in 2587 @entity1 in the @entity741 Reduction With Acute @entity165 Lowering (MIRACL) trial at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment with @entity2993 80 mg/d or placebo. Baseline levels of @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity were not associated with the primary efficacy measure of the trial of @entity204 , @entity583 , or unstable @entity951 . However, in the overall cohort, baseline @entity7098 mass predicted risk of @entity204 after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 2-fold increase, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.56; P=0.004). This association remained significant when examined separately in the placebo group but not in the @entity2993 group. Compared with placebo, @entity2993 reduced median @entity7098 mass (-32.1% versus -23.1%), @entity7098 activity (-29.5% versus -19.2%), @entity6511 mass (-35.8% versus -6.2%), and @entity6511 activity (-24.3% versus 5.4%; P<0.001 for all). @entity2993 reduced the hazard of @entity204 associated with elevated @entity7098 mass and activity by    50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7098 mass independently predicts @entity204 during a 16-week period after @entity1187 . High-dose @entity2993 significantly reduces @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity after @entity1187 and mitigates the risk of @entity204 associated with @entity7098 mass. @entity2993 may exert antiinflammatory effects on phospholipases that contribute to its therapeutic benefit after @entity1187 .

title: @entity3900 enzymes, high-dose @entity2993 , and prediction of ischemic events after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA(2)', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of recurrent @entity661 in a @entity1 with @entity1911 . METHODS: We present a case report, including clinical and laboratory data. In addition, the current relevant literature pertaining to @entity1911 and @entity661 is reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: In 2004, an 81-year-old @entity1 with no history of @entity299 presented with chest discomfort, and @entity661 was diagnosed. No emotional or physical stressors were identified at that time. Her left ventricular systolic function normalized during that hospitalization. In 2007, the @entity1 was readmitted to the hospital with chest discomfort and ST-segment elevation. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated only minor nonobstructive @entity453 . She was again found to have @entity661 with a classic apical @entity5048 segment. Treatment with a @entity712 regimen was initiated, and she was screened for @entity1911 as the precipitant for her recurrent @entity661 . A 24-hour urine collection showed minimally elevated normetanephrine excretion of 719 microg (reference range, 148 to 560) and @entity17081 of 8.3 mg (reference range, <8.0). The plasma @entity6531 level was 1.57 pg/mL (reference range, <0.9). Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left adrenal mass (2 cm by 1 cm). Ultimately, the @entity1 underwent left adrenalectomy, and the pathology report was consistent with @entity1911 . She has been asymptomatic since then, and a repeated echocardiogram demonstrated normal left ventricular systolic function. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with @entity661 , a precipitating factor, such as emotional or physical stress, can often be identified. In some @entity1 (such as our current case), however, @entity1911 may be the underlying disease and should be considered.

title: Recurrent XXXX associated with @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['takotsubo syndrome', 'takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['takotsubo cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess differences in phenotype and prognosis between @entity1 and @entity1 in a large population of @entity1 with @entity1789 . BACKGROUND: A male predominance has been reported in the @entity1789 . No specific data are available, however, concerning gender differences in the clinical manifestations and their role in prognosis. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1789 were prospectively included in the study. Data on baseline characteristics, electrocardiogram parameters before and after pharmacological test, and events in follow-up were recorded for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 384 @entity1 , 272 (70.8%) were @entity1 and 112 (29.2%) @entity1 . At inclusion, @entity1 had experienced @entity1163 more frequently (18%) or aborted @entity1164 (6%) than @entity1 (14% and 1%, respectively, p = 0.04). @entity1 also had greater rates of spontaneous type-1 electrocardiogram, greater ST-segment elevation, and greater inducibility of @entity2224 (p < 0.001 for all). Conversely, conduction parameters and corrected QT intervals significantly increased more in @entity1 in response to @entity1372 blockers (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively). During a mean follow-up of 58 +/- 48 months, @entity1164 or documented @entity2224 occurred in 31 @entity1 (11.6%) and 3 @entity1 (2.8%; p = 0.003). The presence of previous symptoms was the most important predictor for @entity299 in @entity1 , whereas a longer PR interval was identified among those @entity1 with a greater risk in this series. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1789 present with a greater risk clinical profile than @entity1 and have a worse prognosis. Although classical risk factors identify male @entity1 with worse outcome, conduction disturbances could be a marker of risk in the female population.

title: Gender differences in clinical manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors that influence treatment decision-making in a gynaecological @entity5 team (MDT). DESIGN: Qualitative study using interviews and observations. SETTING: Gynaecological @entity5 MDT meetings and @entity1 ' offices. SAMPLE: A gynaecological @entity5 MDT and members of that team. METHODS: Observations of ten MDT meetings and semistructured interviews with 16 team members. Data analysis using the constant comparison technique of grounded theory and ethnography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors affecting treatment decisions in the MDT meetings. RESULTS: Disease-centred information was central to decision-making, whereas @entity1 -centred factors such as @entity1 choice and co-morbidity were more peripheral. This was partly due to variation in team members' type and level of participation: senior clinicians occupied the most dominant roles in discussions and decision-making, whereas nurses contributed less but were more likely to focus on @entity1 -related factors. Three main decision-making pathways emerged: a short discussion followed by a clear decision, a prolonged discussion ending in a definite treatment plan, and a lengthy discussion with no clearly stated decision at the end. The type of pathway followed depended on a case's complexity and the extent of agreement among team members. CONCLUSIONS: The process of treatment decision-making was not consistent for all @entity1 but was affected by factors such as the complexity of the case, which team members participated, and the extent of team members' agreement. Improvements are needed to ensure @entity1 -centred information is included for all @entity1 and that clear decisions are reached and recorded in all cases.

title: Clinical decision-making in a multidisciplinary gynaecological XXXX team: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: D2/3 receptor agonists are effective treatments for @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but can precipitate @entity23 ( @entity23 ) including @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this devastating side-effect of @entity935 agonist replacement therapy (DRT), and any @entity734 on the @entity935 depletion caused by @entity191 , are unclear. It is also unclear whether previous biases towards risk or uncertainty are a risk factor for developing these @entity23 . We investigated whether chronic D2/3 agonist administration (5  mg/kg/day @entity25049 for 28  days) altered performance of a @entity35 model of gambling-like behaviour, the rodent betting task (rBT), and examined if baseline behaviour predicted this behavioural change. The rBT captures individual differences in subjective preference for uncertain outcomes: animals choose between guaranteed or probabilistic reinforcement of equal expected value. Chronic @entity25049 dramatically increased selection of the uncertain option in two-thirds of animals, regardless of baseline preferences. The effect on choice in the rBT was replicated in a dorsolateral striatal @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) @entity35 model of early @entity191 . These studies are the first to look at individual differences in response to chronic, rather than pulsatile, dosing of DRT in a rodent model of gambling behaviour. These findings suggest that DRT-induced PG may stem from increases in subjective valuation of uncertainty. Such symptoms likely arise because of changes in dopaminergic striatal signalling caused by DRT rather than from an interaction between pre-morbid behaviours or @entity191 itself.

title: Chronic D2/3 agonist XXXX treatment increases preference for uncertainty in @entity35 regardless of baseline choice patterns.

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'impulse control disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'gambling disorder']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity25049 :: (MESH:C046649,Chemical) :: ['ropinirole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of @entity571 ( @entity571 ). @entity8252 ( @entity8252 ) is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine. OBJECTIVE: We aimed at evaluating the relationship between serum @entity8252 levels and the severity of @entity158 as well as radiographic progression in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-six @entity571 @entity1 and 106 controls were enrolled in this study. The symptomatic/radiological severity of @entity571 was assessed by the Western Ontario @entity571 Index- (WOMAC-) @entity158 scores/Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. Serum @entity8252 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Serum @entity8252 levels were significantly higher in @entity571 @entity1 compared with controls. Serum @entity8252 levels were independently and positively correlated with @entity158 scores but not KL grades in @entity571 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that increased serum @entity8252 levels were independently correlated with self-reported greater @entity158 in knee @entity571 @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity8252 might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of @entity571 related @entity158 and therapeutic interventions by blocking @entity8252 signaling pathways to delay the @entity179 related @entity158 which warrants further investigations.

title: Serum @entity8252 levels are associated with severity of XXXX in @entity1 with knee osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'McMaster University Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative process of OA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'WOMAC-pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: It may be that resistance exercise can be used to prevent the degenerative processes and @entity32 associated with ageing. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on cytokines, leptin, resistin, and muscle strength in post-menopausal @entity1 . Thirty-five sedentary @entity1 (mean age 63.18 years, s = 4.8; height 1.64 m, s = 0.07; body mass 57.84 kg, s = 7.70) were recruited. The 16 weeks of periodized resistance training consisted of two weekly sessions of three sets of 6-14 repetition maximum. Maximal strength was tested in bench press, 45 degrees leg press, and arm curl. Plasma @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity650 , @entity8252 , leptin, and resistin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maximal strength on all measures was increased after 16 weeks. There were minor or no modifications in @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha and @entity8252 . @entity650 was decreased 48 h after compared with baseline and declined after 16 weeks. Leptin decreased 24 h after compared with baseline and was reduced at baseline and 48 h after compared with pre-training. There was a decrease in resistin after 24 and 48 h compared with baseline and a decline in baseline and immediately after levels compared with pre-training. A possible explanation of the results of the present study is a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the innate immune system. Periodized resistance training seems to be an important intervention to reduce systemic @entity32 in this population.

title: Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity5894 , a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was administered orally in gradually increasing single daily doses to 13 hospitalized @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Maximal doses ranged from 200 to 480 mg/day. Blood pressure was reduced in nine @entity1 and heart rate was decreased in 11 @entity1 . The decrease in blood pressure was either partial or temporary in five of the nine @entity1 who responded. Concomitant administration of the diuretic @entity9804 decreased blood pressure in a previously unresponsive @entity1 . @entity5894 effectively inhibited @entity3044 -induced @entity591 and decreased cardiac output by 18 per cent. Plasma @entity916 activity and plasma @entity1369 concentration were not changed significantly by the treatment. Body weight was not altered significantly. Blood pressure response was independent of the pretreatment @entity916 levels or the change in @entity916 induced by @entity5894 ; it was also independent of the changes in cardiac output and heart rate but was more pronounced in @entity1 with milder baseline @entity101 . The decline in serum concentration of @entity5894 was consistent with the drug's reported half-life of 12.2 hours. The results indicate that single daily doses of @entity5894 alone can reduce blood pressure significantly with minimal cardiodepressant effects and no important side effects. The effectiveness of @entity5894 may be enhanced by the addition of a diuretic.

title: Effect of @entity5894 in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5894 :: ('MESH:D009248', 'Chemical') :: ['nadolol', 'Nadolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']