abstract: RATIONALE: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 , however the mechanism(s) causing @entity955 remain poorly understood and therapy is suboptimal. The @entity8452 receptor ( @entity23395 ) is the major @entity460 ( @entity141 ) release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) required for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we sought to determine whether intracellular diastolic SR Ca2+ leak via @entity23395 plays a role in triggering @entity955 and whether inhibiting this leak can prevent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated 3 knock-in @entity19 with mutations introduced into @entity23395 that result in leaky channels and cause exercise induced @entity1165 in @entity1 [ @entity1165 ( @entity1165 )]. We examined @entity955 susceptibility in these three @entity1165 @entity19 models harboring @entity23395 mutations to explore the role of diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in @entity955 . @entity955 was stimulated with an intra-esophageal burst pacing protocol in the 3 @entity1165 @entity19 models ( @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/-, 70%; @entity23395 - @entity45774 +/-, 60%; @entity23395 - @entity45775 +/-, 35.71%) but not in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (P<0.05). Consistent with these in vivo results, there was a significant diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes isolated from the @entity1165 @entity19 models. @entity45776 ( @entity45776 ) is an @entity23395 subunit that stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 and prevents a @entity141 leak through the channel. Atrial @entity23395 from @entity23395 - @entity45773 +/- @entity19 were oxidized, and the @entity23395 macromolecular complex was depleted of @entity45776 . The Rycal drug S107 stabilizes the closed state of @entity23395 by inhibiting the oxidation/phosphorylation induced dissociation of @entity45776 from the channel. S107 reduced the diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes and decreased burst pacing-induced @entity955 in vivo. S107 did not reduce the increased prevalence of burst pacing-induced @entity955 in @entity45776 -deficient @entity19 , confirming that @entity45776 is required for the mechanism of action of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that @entity23395 -mediated diastolic SR Ca2+ leak in atrial myocytes is associated with @entity955 in @entity1165 @entity19 . Moreover, the Rycal S107 inhibited diastolic SR Ca2+ leak through @entity23395 and pacing-induced @entity955 associated with @entity1165 mutations.

title: @entity460 leak through XXXX receptors leads to @entity955 in 3 @entity19 models of @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'CPVT']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine health status in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), using both generic and @entity625 -specific instruments, and compare the health status in @entity1 with @entity1252 to matched @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and matched healthy controls. As well, to study possible correlations between health status measures and demographic and disease variables in the @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the Oslo county registers of @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity309 , and the healthy controls from the county population register. Measures of health status (Medical Outcome Survey SF-36, joint @entity158 and fatigue on visual analog scale, Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire) were obtained from 82 @entity1252 and 82 @entity309 @entity1 matched for age, sex, and disease duration, and from 74 age and sex matched healthy controls. Disease activity and organ damage were assessed in the @entity1 with @entity1252 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1252 were significantly more affected in all dimensions of health status compared to controls, except in the SF-36 category role-emotional. Further, @entity1 with @entity1252 were significantly less affected than @entity1 with @entity309 with regard to physical function and joint @entity158 , but scores were similar in all other dimensions of health status. Scores of health status correlated more strongly to the damage index than to disease activity, indicating that health status measures capture some of the same concept as the damage index, namely the consequence of the disease over time. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity309 have a multidimensional involvement of health status compared to healthy controls. The findings call for a biopsychosocial approach in the management of @entity1252 .

title: Health status in @entity1252 compared to XXXX and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6940 and related clostridia express extremely potent toxins known as botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) that cause severe, potentially lethal intoxications in @entity1 . These BoNT-producing bacteria are categorized in seven major toxinotypes (A through G) and several subtypes. The high diversity in @entity377 sequence and genetic organization of the gene cluster encoding the BoNT components poses a great challenge for the screening and characterization of BoNT-producing strains. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, we designed and evaluated the performances of a resequencing microarray (RMA), the PathogenId v2.0, combined with an automated data approach for the simultaneous detection and characterization of BoNT-producing clostridia. The unique design of the PathogenID v2.0 array allows the simultaneous detection and characterization of 48 sequences targeting the BoNT gene cluster components. This approach allowed successful identification and typing of representative strains of the different toxinotypes and subtypes, as well as the @entity6939 -producing @entity6940 in a naturally contaminated food sample. Moreover, the method allowed fine characterization of the different @entity6939 gene cluster components of all studied strains, including genomic regions exhibiting up to 24.65% divergence with the sequences tiled on the arrays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The severity of the disease demands rapid and accurate means for performing risk assessments of BoNT-producing clostridia and for tracing potentials sources of contamination in outbreak situations. The RMA approach constitutes an essential higher echelon component in a diagnostics and surveillance pipeline. In addition, it is an important asset to characterise potential outbreak related strains, but also environment isolates, in order to obtain a better picture of the molecular epidemiology of BoNT-producing clostridia.

title: Application of high-density DNA resequencing microarray for detection and characterization of botulinum XXXX -producing clostridia.

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum', 'C. botulinum strain']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity6939 :: (20490862,Gene) :: ['neurotoxin']


abstract: Delivery of an inadequate dose of hemodialysis is associated with a significant increase in the relative risk of both hospitalization and @entity204 . We hypothesized that noncompliance with the dialysis prescription, defined as failure to achieve the prescribed blood flow, failure to dialyze for the prescribed duration, or failure to use the prescribed dialyzer, was a significant factor in @entity1 not achieving a @entity1133 reduction ratio (URR) of > or =0.65. We identified the 29 dialysis facilities in @entity454 Network 4 that had the lowest average URR and/or lowest percent of @entity1 with a URR > or =0.65 based on quarterly data reports. Each facility was surveyed by review of all dialysis treatment sheets from a single week by network staff to evaluate for noncompliance with the dialysis prescription. Facility-specific data were reported back to each facility. Each facility was required to develop a facility-specific quality improvement plan after receiving intensive education on the quality improvement process. After 9 months the facilities were resurveyed. Although the compliance with the dialysis prescription decreased from 54.0% to 53.6% (P =.026), the delivered URR increased from 0.679 +/- 0.072 to 0.688 +/- 0.070 (P =.026) with an increase in the percentage of @entity1 with a URR > or = 0.65 from 69.7% to 75% (P =.0096). Kt/V increased from 1.37 +/- 0.26 to 1.41 +/- 0.27 (P =. 0001). Analysis of the process changes instituted by the individual facilities showed an increase in the prescribed dose of dialysis. Thus, although the process goal of improved compliance with the dialysis prescription was not achieved, the outcome goal of an increased delivered dose of dialysis was met through an alternative process change of an augmented dialysis prescription.

title: Improving compliance with the dialysis prescription as a strategy to increase the delivered dose of hemodialysis: an XXXX Network 4 quality improvement project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: @entity6739 rho1(+) is required for maintenance of cell integrity and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, no other effector besides the (1,3)beta-D-glucan synthase enzyme has been identified in @entity6739 . We have further investigated if rho1(+ )signalling could be also mediated by the two protein kinase C homologues, pck1p and pck2p. We show in this study that both kinases interact with rho1p and rho2p only when bound to @entity3007 , as most GTPase effectors do. Interestingly, the interaction was mapped in a different part of the proteins than in @entity375 @entity19623 . Thus, active rho1p binds to the @entity1472 -terminal region of the pcks where two HR1 motifs are located, and binding to the GTPase dramatically stabilizes the kinases. Detailed biochemical analysis suggests that pck2p is more important in the regulation of the enzyme (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthase. Thus, overexpression of pck2(+), but not @entity48797 (+), caused a general increase in cell wall biosynthesis, mainly in beta-glucan, and (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthase activity was considerably augmented. When this activity was separated into soluble and membrane fractions and reconstituted, the increase caused by pck2(+) overexpression was exclusively detected in the membrane component. We also show that both protein kinase C homologues are required for the maintenance of cell integrity. pck1delta and pck2delta strains present a number of defects related to the cell wall, indicating that this structure might be co-ordinately regulated by both kinases. In addition, pck2p, but not pck1p, seems to be involved in keeping cell polarity. Genetic evidence indicates that both @entity48797 (+) and pck2(+) interact with cps1(+) and gls2(+), two genes similar to @entity375 @entity48895 and @entity48896 that encode membrane subunits of the (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthase. @entity48797 (+ )also showed a genetic interaction with @entity16778 (+) and ral1(+) suggesting the existence of a functional link between both signalling pathways.

title: XXXX protein kinase C homologues, pck1p and pck2p, are targets of rho1p and rho2p and differentially regulate cell integrity.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is an acute phase reactant and has been proved to be a significant predictor of future cardiovascular events. Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between @entity2521 and elevated @entity1851 levels. However, comparison between the levels of @entity1851 in two main forms of @entity2521 is ambiguous. This study aims at determining and comparing the relative levels of serum @entity1851 in @entity146 and @entity7278 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 240 systemically healthy subjects were divided into three groups of 80 based on having generalized @entity146 @entity2521 , @entity7278 and @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ; controls). Venous blood samples were collected for quantitative @entity1851 analysis using turbidimetric immunoassay. RESULTS: Mean @entity1851 levels were significantly greater in both generalized @entity146 @entity2521 (7.49  2.31 mg/l) and @entity7278 (4.88  1.80 mg/l) groups as compared to @entity2521 (0.68  0.23 mg/l) controls. Moreover, @entity1851 levels were significantly higher in @entity146 @entity2521 as compared to @entity7278 @entity1 . Also, @entity1851 levels positively correlated with the amount of periodontal destruction as measured by probing depth and clinical attachment loss for both @entity7278 and generalized @entity146 @entity2521 . CONCLUSION: Findings of the present study indicated that @entity2521 should be of particular concern in younger individuals, where elevated levels of @entity1851 may contribute to early or more rapid @entity65 in susceptible @entity1 . Thus, further research should be carried out at a community level to ascertain these findings.

title: Comparison of @entity65 risk in two main forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic generalized periodontitis', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['non-periodontitis', 'periodontitis', 'NP']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of @entity174 surgery on serum @entity1904 levels and the value of @entity1904 in differentiating @entity32 caused by @entity174 surgery from postoperative infective complications. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ; mean age 72.5 years; range 50 to 105 years) who underwent surgery for pertrochanteric @entity173 were evaluated according to the procedures employed, namely osteosynthesis, and hemiarthroplasty. @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), white blood cell count (WBC), and body temperature were measured before surgery and for five days postoperatively. RESULTS: No postoperative wound @entity281 occurred. Seven @entity1 developed complications. The mean preoperative @entity1851 level was five times above the normal. It made a peak on the second day and then began to decrease, but still was four times higher than the preoperative level on the fifth day. Preoperatively, the mean PCT level was lower than the normal in all the @entity1 . It made a peak on the first postoperative day without exceeding the normal range and returned to the preoperative level on the fifth day. In contrast to @entity1851 levels which were above the normal in all the @entity1 , PCT levels were higher than the normal only in @entity1 who developed complications. Taking the cut-off value as = or >0.5 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT to determine systemic complications were 100% and 100% on the first day, and 100% and 50% on the second day, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1904 may prove to be a useful parameter to identify early postoperative systemic complications after @entity174 surgery.

title: [Can @entity1904 be used for the diagnosis and follow-up of postoperative complications after XXXX surgery?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reaction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the prevalence of @entity458 and stressors in the work environment as prospective predictors of @entity147 , among employees in the offshore petroleum industry. METHODS: Correlation and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine longitudinal relationships between stressors and @entity147 in a randomly drawn sample of 741 employees from the Norwegian petroleum offshore industry. Time lag between baseline and follow-up was 6 months. Work environment stressors included safety factors, leadership, and job characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity458 was 9 % at baseline and 8 % at follow-up. All investigated work environment factors correlated with subsequent @entity147 . In bivariate logistic regression analyses, caseness of @entity147 was predicted by baseline @entity147 , near miss accidents, risk perception, poor safety climate, tyrannical leadership, laissez-faire leadership, job demands, and workplace bullying. After adjustment for baseline @entity147 , control variables, and other predictors, laissez-faire leadership (OR = 1.69; 95 % CI: 1.12-2.54) and exposure to bullying (OR = 1.49; 95 % CI: 1.07-2.10) emerged as the most robust predictors of subsequent @entity147 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that the prevalence of @entity458 is lower among offshore employees than in the general population. Although offshore workers operate in a physically challenging context, their mental health is mainly influenced by stressors in the psychosocial work environment. This highlights the importance of developing and implementing psychosocial safety interventions within the offshore industry.

title: Prevalence and occupational predictors of XXXX in the offshore petroleum industry: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal method for staging @entity5 of the oesophagus and @entity356 is not known. This paper was designed to assess the value of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in the staging of oesophageal and @entity189 . METHODS: From October 1993 to January 1996, 60 @entity1 in whom no @entity3 were seen on gastroscopy, ultrasonography of the abdomen and supraclavicular region, helical computed tomography of the chest and abdomen or endosonography were scheduled for laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography. RESULTS: Some 40 @entity1 had @entity189 , in one of whom liver @entity3 were found at laparoscopy and proven histologically. On laparoscopic ultrasonography @entity3 were found in four @entity1 but were impossible to biopsy. These lymph node @entity3 were confirmed at exploratory laparotomy. Twenty @entity1 had @entity356 ; distant @entity3 were found in four at laparoscopy. On laparoscopic ultrasonography @entity3 were present in four further @entity1 , all proven by biopsy. CONCLUSION: In this study laparoscopy was not an effective staging technique for @entity189 . The inclusion of laparoscopic ultrasonography was of little benefit. A problem that was encountered was biopsy under laparoscopic guidance. In @entity356 , laparoscopy was more effective; adding laparoscopic ultrasonography doubled the number of @entity1 seen to have @entity3 .

title: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging of oesophageal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus', 'oesophageal carcinoma', 'cardial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gastric cardia', 'gastric cardia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cardial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine exposure-response relationships in the occurrence of symptoms of the eyes and airways in workers exposed to @entity33380 ( @entity33381 ). METHODS: A population of 111 workers from 2 condenser plants (A and B) using epoxy resin with @entity33381 underwent a questionnaire survey and serology investigations, and data obtained on 95 subjects in assembly and inspection lines were analyzed for this study. RESULTS: In all, 24 (65%) of 37 workers in plant A and 38 (66%) of 58 workers in plant B had positive @entity33381 -specific IgE. The air levels of @entity33381 detected in assembly and inspection lines were higher in plant A than in plant B (geometric mean 25.5-63.9 and 4.93-5.49 microg/m3, respectively). IgE-sensitized workers in each plant had significantly (P < 0.05) more complaints regarding the eyes and nose than did unsensitized workers, suggesting that there is an IgE-mediated mechanism in most of these symptoms. The sensitized workers in plant A had higher frequencies for symptoms of the eyes, nose, and pharynx than did those in plant B (P < 0.02). Furthermore, only 15% of @entity1 often displayed work-related symptoms among the 20 symptomatic workers in plant B as compared with 73% of the 26 symptomatic workers in plant A (P < 0.0001). These results can be explained by the difference in the @entity33381 levels measured in the lines between the two plants. In plant B the minimal level of @entity33381 that was associated with work-related symptoms was 15-22 microg/m3, which was lower than the geometric mean levels detected in assembly and inspection lines in plant A. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity33381 exposure at levels above 15 microg/m3 should be avoided to prevent the development of @entity56 in most workers.

title: Exposure-response relationships in rhinitis and conjunctivitis caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['occupational allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity33380 :: ('MESH:C088343', 'Chemical') :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']

answer: @entity33380 :: (MESH:C088343,Chemical) :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']


abstract: NK and NK-like T cells play an essential role in linking innate and adaptive immunity through their ability to secrete @entity379 . The exact trigger initiating production of @entity379 is uncertain. @entity1358 ( @entity1358 )-derived IL-12 is thought to be the classical @entity379 -inducing cytokine but requires an additional stimulus such as @entity379 itself. @entity4452 and @entity8923 are among the first cytokines secreted by @entity1358 in response to binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as @entity558 . Thus, early @entity1358 -derived @entity4452 may be an initial trigger of @entity379 production in NK and NK-like T cells. Herein, we characterized the effect of @entity4452 on @entity379 secretion by NK and NK-like T cells. Our findings show that @entity4452 and @entity8923 synergistically elicit @entity379 production in NK-like T cells but not in NK cells. In contrast, IL-12 together with @entity8923 -induced secretion of @entity379 in both populations. The observed synergy between @entity4452 and @entity8923 in NK-like T cells coincided with @entity4452 -mediated up-regulation of @entity9730 . Furthermore, @entity4452 up-regulated @entity2940 expression in NK-like T cells and, together with @entity8923 , induced proliferation of NK and NK-like T cells. We postulate a role for @entity1358 -derived @entity4452 in the activation of NK and NK-like T cells early in @entity281 and in shaping T(h)1 differentiation, via induction of @entity379 , which provides the additional stimulus needed for @entity1358 to subsequently produce IL-12.

title: @entity4452 modulates XXXX +/CD3- NK cell and @entity2940 +/CD3+ NK-like T cell function differentially from IL-12.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'Antigen-presenting cell']

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['CD56']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Wnt/ @entity9459 signaling pathway was implicated in @entity1316 . @entity3546 is a protein targeted by this signaling axis. We aimed to examine whether there is an abnormality in this signaling axis in @entity308 . METHODS: Postmortem brains from 20 depressed and 20 non-depressed subjects were used. In both groups, suicide and non-suicide were included in equal number. Protein levels of @entity3546 , tGSK3b and ser(9)-pGSK3b were determined in prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: ANOVA yielded significant variations between groups in @entity3546 (F(3,36)=19.5; p<0.001) and pGSK3b protein (F(3,36)=14.3; p<0.001) and in tGSK3b-to-pGSK3b ratio (F(3,36)=10.9; p<0.001). Fisher tests showed decrease in both groups of @entity4696 and @entity4696 with suicide ( @entity4696 +S) for @entity3546 (p<0.001) and pGSK3b levels (p<0.001) respectively. The tGSK3b-to-pGSK3b ratio was increased in @entity4696 and @entity4696 +S subjects (p<0.001). A negative correlation was observed between @entity3546 levels and the activation state of the @entity9459 (r2=0.358; p<0.005). LIMITATIONS: The sample was small and only a fraction of s(9)-pGSK3b, albeit significant, was used and; the mood state at the time of @entity204 was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The study observed a dysregulation of Wnt/ @entity9459 signaling associated with a lifetime of @entity308 . The study may have relevance in further development of drugs based on @entity9459 inhibition.

title: Protein levels of XXXX and activation state of @entity9459 in @entity308 . A study with postmortem prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['b-catenin', 'Beta-catenin']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: There is increasing evidence to suggest a key role for @entity225 ( @entity225 ) in the regulation of airway @entity1712 in @entity565 . We compared the capacity for @entity225 production in @entity1097 asthmatic, nonatopic asthmatic, @entity1097 nonasthmatic and normal subjects, and evaluated the usefulness of peripheral blood cells for reflecting airway cell reactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 12 @entity1097 and 10 nonatopic asthmatics (without inhaled @entity134 therapy), 9 @entity1097 nonasthmatics, and 10 normal controls were cultured with or without house dust mite (HDM, 10 microg x mL-1) stimulation. @entity404 + T-cell activation, @entity225 and @entity379 ( @entity379 ) production in the cultures were assessed. Both for BAL and PBMC samples, @entity1097 and nonatopic asthmatic subjects showed comparable spontaneous production of @entity225 , which was significantly higher than that either for @entity1097 nonasthmatics or normal controls (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between the percentage of eosinophils in BAL and spontaneous production of @entity225 by BAL cells in both asthmatic groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Both these parameters were also associated with asthmatic airway narrowing as denoted by a negative relationship with baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as percentage predicted (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, @entity379 production by unstimulated BAL cells from normal controls was higher than that for BAL cell cultures of nonatopic asthmatic subjects (p<0.05). Following HDM stimulation, both @entity1097 had comparable positive responses in terms of @entity404 + T-cell activation, but there was relatively greater @entity225 production in asthmatic PBMC (p<0.05) and, in particular, BAL cell cultures (p<0.01). These findings suggest that elevated @entity225 production is a common feature of BAL cells and PBMC in @entity12131 . In addition, @entity1097 asthmatics show greater @entity225 production in response to specific allergen compared with @entity1097 nonasthmatics, an effect most marked in BAL cells compared to PBMC. Hence, peripheral blood mononuclear cells can reflect cytokine immunoreactivity of airway cells, but lack local cellular interactions, which limits their usage in @entity565 research.

title: XXXX production by bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in @entity565 and atopy.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic and nonatopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic', 'atopic groups']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity225 :: (3567,Gene) :: ['IL-5']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of @entity2531 , @entity148 , @entity308 and stress in a primary care population, explore their association to @entity2673 and determine the diagnostic overlap of these four @entity146 . METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study. A representative sample of 2,150 @entity1 was approached, of whom 1,762 @entity1 agreed to participate and responded to the questionnaire (81.9%). @entity148 was assessed with the Generalized @entity148 Scale (GAD-7). @entity308 was assessed with the @entity308 module @entity1 Health Questionnaire-8. @entity2531 was measured with the somatic symptom module PHQ-15. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) instrument was used to identify the stress cases. RESULTS: Of the study sample, 23.8% of the total cases were identified as probable cases. The prevalence of @entity2531 , @entity308 , @entity148 and stress was 11.7%, 11.3%, 8.3% and 18.6%, respectively. The specific gender prevalence of these four @entity74 was very similar in @entity1 and @entity1 : @entity308 (11.3% versus 11.3%), @entity148 (7.7% versus 8.9%), @entity2531 (12.5% versus 10.7%) and @entity66 (19.3% versus 17.8%). A significant difference was observed in nationality and marital status for @entity308 and @entity148 (P < 0.05). The age-specific prevalence rate showed a higher prevalence in the age group 45-54 years: @entity308 (13.3%), @entity148 (9.5%), @entity2531 (12.8%) and stress (20.4%). Unable to control worries (69.2%) was the worst symptom for @entity148 , while the majority of the @entity308 @entity1 wanted to hurt themselves (71.9%). @entity158 (46.1%) was the most common symptom in somatic @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 experiencing stress could not cope with their daily duties (65.9%). There was a high comorbidity rate of @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity2531 and stress observed in the studied population (9.3%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity2531 and @entity308 was similar, but the prevalence of stress was higher in inpatient @entity1 . @entity2531 , @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity66 co-occurred at higher rate in the study sample.

title: Diagnostic overlap of depressive, XXXX , stress and @entity2531 in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial stressors']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders', 'Anxiety Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Somatization', 'somatization']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Stomach pain']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of classic risk scores in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 have numerous limitations. Relationships between coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) and traditional risk factors are derived from statistical analyses. At present, there are no data on the evaluation of the CACS on 64  -slice multi-detector computed tomography in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity63 symptoms based on a head  -to  -head comparison with matched nondiabetics. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations between traditional risk factors and the CACS in a nested case  -control study. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 2482 consecutive symptomatic subjects with known CACS. We identified 325 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . From the remaining subjects, 325 controls matched for age, sex, and risk factors were selected. RESULTS:   Higher CACS values were observed in @entity1 with @entity6 (median, 50 Agatston units [AU]; range, 0-4330) compared with nondiabetic controls (9 AU, 0-3036, P <0.001). Positive CACS values were more common in @entity6 @entity1 (73.5%) compared with nondiabetic controls (60.9%, P <0.001). The highest CACS value was observed in @entity1 (95.5 AU, 0-3755). The median CACS value in nondiabetic @entity1 was comparable to those in @entity6 @entity1 (24.5 AU, 0-3036 vs. 24.5 AU, 0-3755). The lowest CACS values were observed in control @entity1 (3 AU, 0-2144). Coronary artery @entity460 was more diffused in @entity6 @entity1 compared with controls (P <0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that older age and male sex were independent predictors of the CACS. Traditional risk factors accounted only for 10% of interindividual variance in the presence of calcified @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary @entity75 are more frequent in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with matched nondiabetic subjects. Our results seem to provide evidence that traditional risk factors do not explain more common, diffuse, and extensive @entity75 in @entity6 subjects.

title: Coronary artery @entity460 in XXXX 2 @entity6 : a nested case  -control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation after pediatric cardiac operations. However, the contemporary use of an early extubation strategy and its effect on clinical outcomes is poorly understood. METHODS: Data from The Society of @entity299 Database (2010 to 2013) were analyzed to determine the association of early extubation with postoperative length of stay (PLOS). Two operations were analyzed: complete repair of @entity215 ( @entity215 ) in @entity1 older than 45 days and the Fontan procedure. Centers were stratified into tertiles by frequency of early extubation, defined as less than 6 hours after leaving the operating room. @entity1 extubated after 48 hours were excluded. RESULTS: Among 92 centers, early extubation was performed in 31.5% (478 of 1,519) of @entity1 undergoing @entity215 repair and in 69.8% (1,153 of 1,653) of those undergoing the Fontan procedure. Early extubation after @entity215 repair was associated with heavier weight at operation (p < 0.001) and fewer preoperative risk factors (p  = 0.016). After adjustment for covariates, average PLOS after @entity215 repair was shorter for centers in the highest tertile of early extubation rate than for the lowest tertile centers, which have low early extubation rate (p  = 0.04). No association was found between center early extubation rate and PLOS for Fontan procedures (p  = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Early extubation is common after repair of @entity215 and the Fontan procedure. A high institutional rate of early extubation after @entity215 repair is associated with shorter PLOS. Further analysis is needed to understand what effect early extubation might have on other meaningful measures such as resource use.

title: Early Extubation After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and the Fontan Procedure: An Analysis of The Society of XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery']


abstract: Injury to either the peripheral or central nervous system results in the accumulation of growth factors at the wound site. Some of these growth factors have been shown to participate in the neural repair process. Adult auditory neurons grown in dissociated spiral ganglion cell cultures are injured (i.e. bilateral axotomy) as a result of the initial preparation of these cultures. Therefore, cell cultures of dissociated @entity21 provide a model for the study of repair processes of adult auditory neurons (e.g. effects of exogenous growth factors on the process of neuritogenesis by injured neurons). Auditory neurons do not survive in these dissociated ganglion cell cultures when only exogenous @entity4150 is added to the defined culture medium. Previous work has identified substrate bound @entity540 ( @entity540 ) as a survival factor for adult auditory neurons in vitro. Auditory neurons cultured on substrate bound @entity540 also do not show increased survival in response to the addition of increasing concentrations of @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) to the defined medium. This is in sharp contrast to the pronounced neurite outgrowth-promoting effects (concentration dependent) observed when exogenous @entity4150 is added to adult auditory neurons cultured on substrate bound @entity540 . We propose that several neuronotrophic factors (e.g. @entity2533 , @entity540 , @entity4150 and other neurotrophins) are active in the spiral ganglions' response to injury. Several of these growth factors (i.e. @entity540 , @entity4150 ) act in cooperation to promote the regeneration or repair of severed or traumatized neuritic processes.

title: XXXX stimulates neurite regeneration but not survival of adult auditory neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglia']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity4150 :: (4803,Gene) :: ['Nerve growth factor']


abstract: The latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene the only @entity3307 ) gene abundantly transcribed during neuronal latency, is essential for efficient in vivo reactivation. Whether LAT increases reactivation by a direct effect on the reactivation process or whether it does so by increasing the establishment of latency, thereby making more latently infected neurons available for reactivation, is unclear. In @entity19 , LAT-negative mutants appear to establish latency in fewer neurons than does wild-type @entity3307 . However, this has not been confirmed in the @entity95 , and the role of LAT in the establishment of latency remains controversial. To pursue this question, we inserted the gene for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of the LAT promoter in a LAT-negative virus (DeltaLAT-EGFP) and in a @entity778 (LAT-EGFP). Sixty days after @entity5517 , @entity21 ( @entity21 ) were removed from the latently infected @entity95 , sectioned, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. EGFP was detected in significantly more LAT-EGFP-infected neurons than DeltaLAT-EGFP-infected neurons (4.9% versus 2%, P < 0.0001). The percentages of EGFP-positive neurons per @entity21 ranged from 0 to 4.6 for DeltaLAT-EGFP and from 2.5 to 11.1 for LAT-EGFP (P = 0.003). Thus, LAT appeared to increase neuronal latency in @entity95 @entity21 by an average of two- to threefold. These results suggest that LAT enhances the establishment of latency in @entity95 and that this may be one of the mechanisms by which LAT enhances spontaneous reactivation. These results do not rule out additional LAT functions that may be involved in maintenance of latency and/or reactivation from latency.

title: The latency-associated transcript gene enhances establishment of @entity3307 latency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['LAT-positive virus']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: To evaluate maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by @entity2316 were evaluated. @entity8 was defined as @entity644 of >300 mg/24, or @entity633 >300 mg/24 hr in the absence of @entity281 . Twenty-seven pregnant @entity1 with variable degrees of @entity2316 were included in the study. Prenatal care included stringent metabolic control and management of @entity101 . Fetal and maternal outcomes were obtained by medical record review. There were no fetal @entity204 . One @entity204 occurred in a fetus delivered at 29 weeks gestation. @entity1592 and @entity600 were observed in 9% of the neonates; 26% of the @entity1 were delivered preterm. Chronic @entity101 (77%) and @entity1468 (53%) were common maternal complications; 63% of @entity1 required delivery by cesarean section. Successful pregnancy outcomes were achieved in >95% of the @entity1 in our population. Modern management of the pregnancy complicated by @entity6 has substantially improved the outcome of class F/FR @entity6 mothers and their @entity1 .

title: Stringent controls in XXXX associated with optimization of pregnancy outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['major congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hardness of kernels determines the dry-milling processing performance of @entity2829 hybrids. The identification of the best @entity2829 hybrids for the dry-milling process requires a limited number of simple, practical and reliable tests that are able to predict the potential grit yield. RESULTS: A total of 119 samples from different genetic and environmental backgrounds, collected over 3 years, were analysed for coarse/fine ratio (C/F), floating test (FLT), protein content (PC), kernel sphericity (S), @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and test weight (TW). The total grit yield (TGY) of each sample was obtained through a micromilling procedure based on the manual separation of kernel endosperm followed by grinding and sieving under standard operational conditions. The TGY was used to establish the capability of the tests to predict the dry-milling aptitude. Single and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to establish equations for the prediction of TGY using C/F, FLT, PC, S, @entity348 and TW as independent variables. The analyses were performed on three data sets, clustered year by year of the sample collection and analysis, and the resulting average coefficients of determination (R(2)) were compared by analysis of variance. C/F, FLT, @entity348 and, to a lesser extent, TW appeared to be easy-to-use independent descriptors of @entity2829 dry-milling. An improved model prediction ability was observed when different combinations of a few physical and chemical properties were used as input variables. However, the models in which three or more variables were used did not lead to any significant improvement in TGY prediction compared with the smaller models. CONCLUSION: This study contributes towards establishing the best predictor of @entity2829 kernel aptitude to dry-milling processes. Of all considered data sets, a milling evaluation factor (C/F or @entity348 ) coupled with kernel density (measured by means of the FLT) showed the best predictive ability for dry-milled product yields.

title: Prediction of the dry-milling performance of  XXXX hybrids through hardness-associated properties.

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total milling energy']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) is typically characterized by dermal and epidermal infiltration of T lymphocytes with a helper/inducer phenotype. Immunophenotypic analysis of such cases was traditionally performed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections. With the advent of new monoclonal antibodies developed against T-cell antigens, including CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , and @entity405 , it is now possible to immunophenotype T-cell subpopulations in @entity982 -embedded tissues. To investigate the potential use of these antibodies for the evaluation of cutaneous lesions, 35 specimens (34 skin and 1 lymph node) from 29 @entity1 with @entity4888 were retrospectively reviewed and immunophenotyped in @entity982 sections with antibodies to CD3 (T-cell CD3), @entity404 ( @entity404 ), @entity5893 ( @entity5893 ), @entity405 ( @entity405 ), and @entity2225 (L26). Epidermal and dermal distribution of T and B cells were analyzed, and we assessed the ratios of @entity404 + to @entity405 + T cells. All of our 35 cases demonstrated a predominant CD3+ T-cell population. In 32 cases, the neoplastic cells expressed CD3, @entity404 , and @entity5893 consistent with a T-helper/inducer phenotype. In three cutaneous cases, the neoplastic @entity404 + T cells showed minimal or absent expression of @entity5893 , indicating an aberrant phenotype. In the majority of cases, minimal @entity405 + T cells were present in the background, but in four cases, the @entity404 : @entity405 ratios were 2:1 or less. Thirty-two cutaneous cases demonstrated epidermotropism exclusively by @entity404 + T cells; one case showed both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells. In 17 cutaneous cases, scattered dermal @entity2225 + B cells were found individually or in small clusters within the background surrounding the neoplastic infiltrates. We concluded, therefore, that the immunophenotypic analysis of T-cell subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies of CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , and @entity405 was useful for histologic evaluation and confirmation of @entity4888 in @entity982 -embedded tissue. These antibodies might also provide an effective method of immunophenotyping other neoplastic and non-neoplastic T-cell populations in @entity982 -embedded tissues.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of mycosis fungoides on XXXX -embedded tissue sections.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['Mycosis fungoides', 'MF', 'MF lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Distributions for the constitutive and inducible 70-kDa @entity1457 proteins, @entity28914 and @entity18273 , in different parts of the @entity35 eye are likely to be related to the metabolic demands required for absorption and detection of light. This study was conducted to better understand the functions of @entity28914 and @entity18273 in these tissues and to provide a basis for elucidating their contributions to the maintenance and repair of ocular structures subsequent to tissue @entity528 . METHODS: Eyes from male @entity35 (200-300 g) were fixed in @entity48909 and embedded in @entity982 . Sagittal sections (10 microm) through the optic nerve were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 or incubated with @entity1457 protein antibody or control IgG. Bound antibody was visualized using an avidin- @entity1885 - horseradish peroxidase detection system. RESULTS: @entity28914 immunoreactivity was detected in all layers of the retina, except the outer segments. In the retinal pigment epithelium, staining was restricted to cells near the optic nerve-retina junction. Intense staining was also observed in glial nuclei of the optic nerve, whereas weaker staining was observed in the basal and wing cells of the limbal and corneal epithelia. In contrast, @entity18273 immunoreactivity was restricted to the outer nuclear layer and @entity389 . @entity18273 staining was also prominent in basal and wing cells of the limbal cornea and to a lesser extent in the central corneal epithelium. The optic nerve was @entity18273 negative. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28914 and @entity18273 have distinct distributions in the normal @entity35 eye, which imply regional and cell-specific functions.

title: Constitutive and inducible @entity1457 protein 70 immunoreactivity in the normal XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity48909 :: ('MESH:C046544', 'Chemical') :: ['methacarn']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner segments of the retina']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['injury or cellular degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The management of primary @entity2 relies on sophisticated imaging methods to assist in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of @entity5 regression during treatment. The information provided is generally anatomical in nature, except for that provided by positron emission tomography with @entity419 , a modality that yields physiological data that have been shown to be useful in identifying @entity5 , based on an elevated @entity413 metabolic rate. Because the metabolism of malignant tissue depends intimately on neovascularization to provide @entity26 and @entity413 in sufficient quantities to allow @entity5 growth, the characterization of @entity5 vascular physiology could be an important tool for assessing and predicting the likely effectiveness of treatment. Our goal was to show the feasibility and practical value of parameters of @entity5 vascular physiology obtained using dynamic T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to correlate them with @entity413 metabolism and to demonstrate changes in these parameters during and after treatment in @entity1 with @entity2 . Parameters of vascular physiology [permeability-surface area (PS) product and extracellular contrast agent distribution volume] and @entity413 metabolism were assessed in 14 @entity1 with @entity2 . @entity413 metabolism was measured by using @entity419 -positron emission tomography. Vascular physiology was assessed by dynamic T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced MRI. The mean PS product in @entity5 was 0.0015 +/- 0.0002 s(-1) (n = 13) before, 0.0023 +/- 0.0003 s(-1) (n = 3, P = 0.053) midway through, and 0.00075 +/- 0.0002 s(-1) (n = 5, P < 0.03) 2 weeks after treatment. Values for the extracellular contrast distribution space were 0.321 +/- 0.03 before, 0.289 +/- 0.02 midway through, and 0.195 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.01) 2 weeks after therapy. The @entity413 metabolic rate was significantly correlated with the PS product (P < 0.01) but not with the extracellular contrast distribution space. Our results demonstrate that @entity5 PS product correlates with @entity413 metabolism, that chemo- and radiotherapy induce observable and quantifiable changes in these parameters, and that such changes can be measured by in vivo dynamic MRI. Quantitative dynamic T1-weighted MRI of @entity5 vascular physiology may have a useful role in the clinical management of @entity2 .

title: Dynamic T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in XXXX with @entity2 : correlating vascular physiology with @entity413 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our goal was to assess a nonhuman primate diet that mimicked the Western-type diet of @entity1 with regard to palatability and the diet's effects on plasma lipid concentrations and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We evaluated male (n = 8) and female (n = 11) @entity3176 (vervets; @entity46933 ) that initially were fed a standard diet. Each cohort then was divided into 2 groups, which received either standard chow or the Western diet. Food consumption and fecal quality were measured weekly. Body weight, waist circumference, and body-mass index were measured every 2 wk. CBC and clinical chemistry analyses were performed at baseline and 4 wk after the diet change. Plasma lipid concentrations, total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 , insulin, and @entity9208 were measured at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 wk after the diet change. @entity6400 were measured in the male monkeys at 6 wk after diet change, and lipid particle size was measured in the female monkeys at the 12-wk point. @entity3176 readily ate the Western diet and maintained baseline body weight and morphometric measures, with no adverse effects on fecal quality or clinical measures. Total plasma @entity165 was higher in monkeys fed the Western diet compared with standard chow. @entity6400 were higher in male monkeys fed standard chow compared with the Western diet, but lipid particle size did not differ by diet in female monkeys. Our data indicate that the Western diet led to changes in various biomedical risk factors of @entity3176 to become similar to those of @entity1 in the United States.

title: Effects of a Western-type diet on plasma lipids and other cardiometabolic risk factors in XXXX ( @entity46933 ).

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['green monkeys', 'Green monkeys', 'African green monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity46933 :: ('60711', 'Species') :: ['Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['African green monkeys']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being employed with increasing frequency for the pre-operative diagnostic workup of @entity1558 . Although most cases show morphologic features very characteristic of specific entities, rare lesions with infarcted breast can cause problems in interpretation. We present cytologic findings in seven cases of an infarcted @entity15779 of the breast (IDPB) that was diagnosed by FNAC, and we also report the correlation of cytological features and stages of infarcted IDPB. In the early stage of @entity1188 , numerous degenerative cells and @entity39 were demonstrated. Isolated degenerative cells showed columnar, spindle, polygonal and fiber-like cells, with coagulated and smudged nuclei. Ghost cells were also seen. Extensive @entity39 was demonstrated with a few sheets of ductal cells in the mid-stage of @entity1188 . In the late stage of @entity1188 , clusters of fibroblasts, ductal cells and @entity39 were found. Knowledge of the characteristic cytologic pattern in different stages of infarcted IDPB may be helpful to suggest the probable pre-operative diagnosis of those lesions. Familiarity with this entity is important in preventing misdiagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Infarcted XXXX of the breast: cytologic features with stage of @entity1188 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity15779 :: ('MESH:D018300', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papilloma']

answer: @entity15779 :: (MESH:D018300,Disease) :: ['intraductal papilloma']


abstract: Lipolytic activity was studied in brown and white adipose tissue of @entity35 in vitro. @entity750 ( @entity750 ), @entity2647 , @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity3044 were used as adipokinetic agents. All stimulated lipolysis in brown adipose tissue, but @entity750 and @entity2647 did not in white adipose tissue. @entity5543 -blocking drug, @entity1169 , inhibited the stimulatory effect of the agents in both adipose tissues. However, an alpha-blocking drug, @entity5521 , further increased the lipolysis induced by @entity1063 or @entity1425 in brown adipose tissue and inhibited the effect of @entity3044 . In white adipose tissue, its action was to marginally decrease the effect of @entity1425 and @entity1063 . Increase in the pH of the incubation medium stimulated FFA and @entity653 release in brown adipose tissue, but not in the epididymal adipose tissue. This effect of pH on lipolysis was further enhanced by @entity5521 and decreased by @entity1169 . Increase of lipolysis with pH was not seen with brown fat tissue from the @entity2515 -treated @entity35 . These results show that brown adipose tissue of the @entity35 has an alpha-receptor with inhibitory effects on lipolysis that is affected by alpha- or mixed-type adrenergic agonists, @entity1063 and @entity1425 .

title: Differences in responsiveness to adipokinetic agents between white epididymal and brown interscapula adipose tissue from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-ephrine', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Hydroxy-tryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1255 is a risk factor for @entity731 in the general population, and serum @entity1255 levels are almost universally elevated in @entity177 @entity1 . When such @entity1 are treated with dialysis, @entity65 accounts for more than 50% of their mortality, which, in some proportion, may be pathophysiologically related to the elevated serum @entity1255 levels. From April 2003 to March 2005, we conducted a 2-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 186 @entity1 with @entity454 due to any cause, who were older than 18 years and stable on hemodialysis. @entity1 were assigned to receive either oral @entity1501 10 mg 3 times a week immediately after every dialysis session under nurse supervision or an identical-appearing placebo for the entire study. On admission, plasma total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels were above 13.9 micromol/L in 96.7% of @entity1 (median 25.0 micromol/L, range 9.3-104.0 micromol/L). In the placebo group, tHcy levels remained elevated at 6, 12, and 24 months, while oral @entity1501 significantly decreased tHcy to a median value of 10.5 (2.8-20.3) micromol/L, (p<0.01). During the study, 38 @entity1 ( @entity1501 group 17 vs. placebo group 21; p=0.47) died from @entity65 . Kaplan-Meier life table analysis dealing with the incidence of @entity65 , both fatal and nonfatal ( @entity583 , @entity943 , @entity951 , @entity712 , @entity64 ), showed that 2 years of @entity1501 treatment and the lowering of the @entity1255 blood levels had no effect on @entity65 (p=0.41; hazard ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.74-2.10). However, the carotid artery intima-media wall thickness measured in a blinded fashion decreased from 1.94 +/- 0.59 mm to 1.67 +/- 0.38 mm (p<0.01) after 2 years of @entity1501 therapy. In this short-term study of uremic @entity1 , 2 years of @entity1501 supplementation normalized the tHcy blood levels in 92.3% of @entity1 but did not change the incidence of @entity65 compared with the control group. However, ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries performed at entry and 24 months later showed a significant decrease in intima-media thickness with @entity1501 supplementation. This suggests that early @entity1501 supplementation may benefit @entity1 with @entity177 by preventing @entity65 .

title: Uremic hyperhomocysteinemia: a randomized trial of @entity1501 treatment for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deterioration', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: Asbestos bodies and fibers deposited in the lungs of seven @entity1355 cases were counted after tissue digestion. The types and sizes of 100 asbestos fibers for each case were also analyzed. Asbestos bodies were counted with an optical microscope at 100x magnification, and asbestos fibers were counted with a @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) at 2000x magnification. Most asbestos fibers detected with @entity1579 were longer than 3 microns (92.5%) and thicker than 0.1 microns (92.3%). Short fibers less than 2 microns--both chrysotile and amphiboles, as well as long, thin fibers less than 0.06 microns--would be missed at 2000x ( @entity1579 ). An average of 1.37 (0.081-5.5) x 10(6) asbestos bodies and 164.8 (0.55-610) x 10(6) asbestos fibers per 5 g wet (0.88 g dry) lung tissue were found, and these values are higher than what was reported in @entity2615 cases without @entity1355 that were reported previously. More than 13 (average = 266.2) asbestos bodies were found in a 4-micron-thick tissue section (average area = 3.24 cm2). One asbestos body in a section equaled approximately 5,000 per 5 g wet lung tissue. The intensity of @entity82 was minimal in one case, mild in four, moderate and severe in one each, and the intensity was correlated with the number of asbestos bodies and fibers. The @entity82 in the severe case may have been intensified by repeated @entity281 . Crocidolite fibers were found most frequently (84.7%), were thin, and had a high aspect ratio by our counting rules. @entity17110 with a high aspect ratio may be most fibrogenic in the lung.

title: Asbestos fiber analysis in seven XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transmission electron microscope']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['Crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestosis']


abstract: The association between somatic illness and @entity146 is well established in adults but is less clear in childhood and adolescence. A cohort of over 700 randomly selected @entity1 in Upstate New York were studied from ages 1-10 years in 1975 to young adulthood in 1992. Psychiatric and physical health were assessed by means of follow-up youth and parent interviews at 8-, 2 1/2-, and 6-year intervals (in 1983, 1985-1986, and 1991-1993). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses investigated: 1) the consistency of the relation between @entity221 and @entity1032 in childhood; 2) the specificity of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in accounting for the relation; 3) the specificity of immunologically mediated medical disorders in this relation; and 4) whether this relation was attributable to risks associated with low socioeconomic status. Cross-sectionally, ill health was associated with increased risk of @entity146 at all ages, with significant odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.76 to 3.26. In prospective analyses, ill health increased the risk of new-onset @entity308 at all ages (ORs = 2.05-4.48). @entity308 also predicted subsequent ill health, independent of prior health problems (ORs = 3.81 and 4.04). Relations were not attributable to familial socioeconomic status. Associations were particularly strong between @entity308 and medical disorders associated with alterations in immunologic factors (ORs = 1.83-6.41). Theories of common immune-mediated vulnerabilities to medical illness and @entity308 are consistent with these associations.

title: Prospective associations between somatic illness and XXXX from childhood to adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: To elucidate whether priming exists between platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) and @entity112 in the microcirculation, we measured the clearance of @entity2823 -dextran 150 in response to the topical applications of substimulatory concentrations of @entity5567 and @entity112 . Maximal priming by @entity5567 was observed when a 5-min interval separated the applications of 10(-9) M @entity5567 and 10(-6) M @entity112 . The mean (+/- SEM) clearance resulting from this sequence of agonist administration was 7529 +/- 659 nl.2 h-1.g-1, representing a 4.5-fold enhancement in @entity2823 -dextran 150 clearance compared with that evoked by 10(-6) M @entity112 alone (1664 +/- 397 nl.2 h-1.g-1). Lowering the @entity5567 priming dose to 10(-11) M, or reversing the order of agonist addition to the microcirculation, resulted in diminished but significant responses of 3545 +/- 1143 and 4467 +/- 1170 nl.2 hr-1.g-1, respectively. Coapplication of @entity5567 and @entity112 or increasing the time interval between the agonists to 15 min greatly reduced the responses to 1906 +/- 678 and 2770 +/- 837, respectively. The @entity5567 receptor antagonist @entity6849 (2 mg/kg i.v.), the H1 blocker @entity8765 (10 mg/kg i.v.), and leukocyte depletion with @entity786 (150 mg/kg i.p.) completely abolished the @entity5567 priming effect. In addition, the @entity1437 inhibitor @entity43130 (1 or 10 mg/kg i.v.) produced a two-thirds attenuation in @entity5567 priming. We conclude that 1) @entity5567 has the ability to prime the in vivo microvascular actions of @entity112 in both a concentration and time-dependent fashion; 2) this primed response is receptor mediated; and 3) @entity112 can prime the microcirculation for enhanced responses to @entity5567 . Our data also demonstrate that leukocytes and the release of @entity4443 participate in @entity5567 priming.

title: Priming interactions between platelet activating factor and XXXX in the in vivo microcirculation.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: @entity272 , benign and malignant, are more common in the older than younger @entity1 . Due to the aging of the skin and greater exposure to the impact of ultraviolet rays, their long-term cumulative negative effect, @entity272 are more common in the head and neck area than on other parts of the skin. This paper analyses the pathohistological diagnosis of material after the surgical excision of @entity5 of the skin on the head and neck of @entity1 older than 60, at the General Hospital Karlovac through two five-year period. The first period is the period from 2006 to 2010 and the second one from 1996 to 2000. The aim was to determine for each period the type and variety of @entity272 , the prevalence of the disease, the age and gender structure, and finally to compare the two periods. The total number of excisions in the first period was 1200, and in the second 513. In both periods more excisions was done in @entity1 than @entity1 , if compared it comes to 1.4:1. The ratio of malignant (basocellular @entity189 , @entity957 and @entity320 ), and @entity5 ( @entity24113 , moles and others) in the first period was 49.3 to 46.3%, and in the second 56.7 to 42.1%. @entity1613 (actinic keratoses and Mb @entity1490 ) accounted for 4.3% of lesions in the first and 1.2% in the second period. The total number of basocellular @entity189 was 481/232, which makes 81.3% of all @entity5 in the first, or 79.7% in the second period. Our results showed that around half of all @entity272 removed in both periods consisted of @entity5 , among which the most common were @entity1491 . High prevalence of @entity1489 , 48.7 and 56%, indicate the importance of protection from UV radiation, and early detection and treatment of @entity1489 and @entity1613 .

title: Skin growths of the head and neck region in elderly XXXX --analysis of two five-year periods in General Hospital Karlovac, Croatia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant non-melanoma skin cancers', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions', 'Precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic keratoses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We explored the relationships among measures of psychosocial well-being, maternal size, and smoking in predicting @entity1 size at birth. METHODS: @entity1 in this population-based cohort study were drawn from public health prenatal clinics in Jefferson County, Alabama during 1985-1988. Para 1 and 2 @entity1 were screened for 11 risk factors for low birth weight, including small stature, a previous low birth weight @entity1 , and smoking. RESULTS: Poor scores on five of six psychosocial scales, as well as on a combined profile, were associated with a significantly higher relative risk of @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) only in thinner @entity1 , defined as having a body mass index less than the median (relative risk [RR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47, 3.04). A significant association between the psychosocial profile and birth weight was demonstrated for thin @entity1 in a multivariate analysis adjusting for gestational age, race, @entity1 sex, and smoking (P = .0003). The relationship remained significant when @entity101 , @entity167 and drug use, and @entity1017 were added to the model (P = .003). In @entity1 with a body mass index above the median, a poor psychosocial profile showed little association with @entity1592 (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.73, 1.98) and did not have a significant association with birth weight. A poor profile had a greater association with @entity1592 in non-smokers (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.29, 3.22) than in smokers (RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.95, 2.06). CONCLUSIONS: Greater pre-pregnancy weight for height appears to protect against the adverse effects of a poor psychosocial profile in a population of poor, primarily black @entity1 . In thinner @entity1 , both smoking and a poor psychosocial profile were associated with a substantially increased rate of @entity1592 , indicating a subgroup of @entity1 who may receive greater benefits from intervention programs.

title: The relationships among psychosocial profile, maternal size, and smoking in predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation', 'FGR']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['fetal growth retardation']


abstract: A 76-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of @entity1353 . A chest CT scan showed @entity2294 , mediastinal @entity3329 and a @entity5 in the right ventricle with invasion to the main trunk of the pulmonary artery. A 99mTc MAA perfusion lung scan revealed @entity1897 and a "fissure sign", while the 133Xe ventilation scan was normal. After the chest CT scan and scans of both lungs, @entity5 microembolism was highly suspected. Open chest surgery was performed. A huge @entity5 in the right ventricle involving the main trunk of the pulmonary artery was found. In addition, multiple @entity5 thrombi in the pulmonary arteries and veins were also noted. The pathology was @entity957 . Thereafter, the @entity75 was found by bronchoscopy. The final diagnosis was @entity957 of the right lower lobe bronchus with @entity3 to the right ventricle and pulmonary vessels, and in association with @entity2 . We present this uncommon case and describe the pulmonary perfusion pattern of the @entity5 microembolism.

title: Perfusion scan in XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor microembolism']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['multiple small subsegmental peripheral defects']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tumor microembolism']


abstract: AIM: The presence of traumatic angle recession is a risk factor for failure of @entity726 filtration surgery and a previous study has suggested that antimetabolite treatment should be used in these @entity1 . This study was undertaken to determine for the first time the mid term results of trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of @entity1138 in @entity1 with post-traumatic angle recession @entity726 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 43 consecutive trabeculectomy procedures in 41 young black/mixed race @entity1 followed for a mean period of 25 months (range 2-66 months). @entity1138 0.02% was applied between the sclera and conjunctiva for 1-5 minutes at the time of surgery. The intraocular pressure and visual acuity were measured postoperatively. The success of this technique was analysed by using a Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve. RESULTS: The intraocular pressure was successfully controlled at last follow up without topical treatment in 77% (33/43 eyes) and the visual acuity was the same or better in 81% (35/43 eyes). Cumulative probability of success was 85% at 1 year follow up, 81% at 2 years, and 66% at 3 years and thereafter. @entity2421 occurred in one @entity1 and no cases of late @entity281 were found. CONCLUSIONS: In medically uncontrolled post-traumatic angle recession @entity726 trabeculectomy with @entity1138 is an effective surgical procedure with an acceptable complication rate. Good intraocular pressure control and preservation of vision can be expected in most @entity1 .

title: Trabeculectomy with @entity1138 in the treatment of post-traumatic angle recession XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bleb infection']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotonous maculopathy']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Our aim was to determine the value of vasodilator left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reserve (stress ejection fraction - rest ejection fraction) in evaluating the magnitude of myocardium at risk and the anatomic extent of underlying severe @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: We studied 510 consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity453 undergoing gated rest and vasodilator stress (82)Rb PET/CT. @entity1 were categorized as having no perfusion abnormalities, mild, moderate, or severe reversible perfusion defects. In a subgroup of 68 @entity1 with coronary angiography, @entity1 were categorized as having 0-vessel, 1-vessel, 2-vessel, or left main/3-vessel disease. RESULTS: @entity1 without coronary risk factors who comprised our control group as well as @entity1 with coronary risk factors and normal perfusion demonstrated a high LVEF reserve (7% +/- 7% and 5% +/- 6%, respectively). The mean LVEF reserve was negative (-0.2% +/- 8%) in @entity1 with severe reversible defects and in @entity1 with 3-vessel (-6% +/- 8%) and left main (-8% +/- 5%) disease. Among the clinical and scintigraphic variables studied, male sex, rest ejection fraction, and increasing magnitude of myocardium at risk predicted a lower LVEF reserve, whereas LVEF reserve was the only independent predictor of left main/3-vessel disease (P = 0.008). An LVEF reserve of more than +5% had a positive predictive value of only 41% but a negative predictive value of 97% for excluding severe left main/3-vessel @entity453 . CONCLUSION: During (82)Rb PET/CT, LVEF increases with vasodilator stress in @entity1 without significant stress-induced perfusion defects or severe left main/3-vessel @entity453 . A high LVEF reserve appears to be an excellent tool to exclude left main/3-vessel @entity453 noninvasively.

title: Value of vasodilator left ventricular ejection fraction reserve in evaluating the magnitude of myocardium at risk and the extent of angiographic XXXX : a 82Rb PET/CT study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: AIM: To compare the developmental outcome of @entity1 with @entity354 with or without @entity292 ( @entity571 / @entity215 ) who underwent surgery in early infancy with healthy control @entity1 in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity571 / @entity215 requiring surgical intervention were enrolled prospectively between 1 August 2006 and the 31 December 2008. Healthy control @entity1 were enrolled in the same time period. The @entity1 underwent a developmental assessment at 1 year of age (corrected) using the Bayley Scales of @entity1 and Toddler Development (Version III). RESULTS: Of 34 @entity1 with @entity571 / @entity215 that were enrolled, 31 had developmental assessments. The majority (75%) were term @entity1 (>= 37 weeks gestation) with a mean birth weight of 2717 g. Fourteen @entity1 (44%) had an associated @entity600 and one @entity1 with multiple associated anomalies subsequently died. Developmental assessments were also performed on 62 control @entity1 matched for gestational age. @entity1 with @entity571 / @entity215 had a mean score significantly lower on the expressive language subscale (P < 0.05) compared with the control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study found a lower than expected developmental score for @entity1 following surgery for @entity571 / @entity215 in the expressive language subscale compared with the healthy control @entity1 . These findings support concerns over the potential impact of @entity571 / @entity215 and its effects on development. Further studies, including continuing developmental review to determine whether these differences persist and their functional importance, should be performed.

title: Early developmental outcome following surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infant', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['trachea-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['oesophageal atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shigellosis is a leading cause of enteric infections in the United States. We compared antimicrobial resistance in @entity281 related to overseas travel (travel-associated) and in those acquired domestically by analyzing antimicrobial resistance patterns, geographic distributions, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. We tested samples (n   =   204) from a collection of isolates recovered from @entity1 in Pennsylvania between 2006 and 2014. Isolates were grouped into travel- and non-travel-associated categories. Eighty-one (79.4%) of the Shigella isolates acquired during international travel were resistant to multiple antibiotics compared to 53 (52.1%) of the infections transmitted in domestic settings. A majority (79.4%) of isolates associated with international travel demonstrated resistance to @entity581 and @entity2930 , whereas 47 (46.1%) of the infections acquired domestically were resistant to @entity803 . Almost all isolates (92.2%) transmitted in domestic settings were resistant to @entity581 , and 5 isolates from adult male @entity1 were resistant to @entity4580 , a drug often used for empiric treatment of severe @entity6835 . Twenty (19.6%) isolates associated with illnesses acquired during overseas travel in 4 countries were resistant to @entity5176 . One @entity14344 PFGE pattern was traced to a multidrug-resistant isolate acquired overseas that had caused a multistate outbreak of @entity6835 , suggesting global dissemination of a drug-resistant species. Resistance to certain drugs-for example, @entity803 -increased in both overseas- and domestic-acquired infections during the study period. The prevalence of resistance to @entity7187 ( @entity4580 ) and third-generation @entity2886 ( @entity2756 ) was less than 1%; however, efforts to better monitor changes in drug resistance over time combined with increased antimicrobial stewardship are essential at the local, national, and global levels.

title: Surveillance for Travel and Domestically Acquired Multidrug-Resistant XXXX Shigella Infections-Pennsylvania, 2006-2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Shigella infections']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1699 are at risk for @entity851 , particularly after stage 1 procedures. The effect of continuous enteral feedings on @entity1017 has not been previously investigated. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed in @entity1 with @entity1699 and single ventricle variants after stage 1 procedures. Eligible @entity1 were randomized to a continuous and intermittent feeding regimen or an exclusive intermittent feeding regimen after stage 1 procedures and continued until hospital discharge. Anthropometric measures and markers of nutritional status were assessed throughout hospitalization. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed the study. There were no significant differences in @entity1017 , growth, or nutritional status. @entity1017 on full enteral feedings was 24.3 versus 23.6 g/d (P = .88) for the combination (continuous and intermittent) versus intermittent feeding groups. Weight-for-age Z scores at discharge were -1.37 versus -1.2 (P = .59) for the combination versus intermittent groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in @entity1017 , growth, or nutritional status were observed at hospital discharge between the two feeding strategies. Despite both groups achieving target daily @entity1017 after attaining full feeds, @entity851 continued to be a problem after stage 1 procedures. Further strategies to improve growth during initial hospitalization are needed.

title: Comparison of Feeding Strategies for XXXX With @entity1699 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: A 22 year-old @entity1 with a seven year history of ( @entity1252 ) was readmitted because of @entity1458 , @entity4 , @entity1353 and arterial @entity101 . She had a previous biopsy diagnosis of focal @entity631 , (WHO III b), and had been treated with immunosuppressors and @entity230 . Laboratory data showed lupus activity, AHM with @entity882 , @entity1985 -range @entity644 and @entity177 . A second renal biopsy was performed showing diffuse @entity1310 , (WHO IV), in association with @entity39 with luminal obliteration. She started with hemodialysis and was subsequently treated with @entity1667 pulses, plasmapheresis, @entity786 and oral @entity230 . During the inpatient period, she had generalized @entity410 , @entity647 and @entity548 . These complications, the AHM and the @entity882 receded totally. Renal function was never resumed. We emphasize that this association of diffuse @entity1310 with @entity39 is not infrequent and has a poor renal prognosis. The AHM with @entity882 was interpreted as secondary to endothelial cell damage due to @entity455 .

title: [Renal vascular lesion and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Two methods for the determination of @entity10725 ( @entity47372 ) in air were developed. In a solid sorbent method, @entity47372 was sampled in Amberlite XAD-2 tubes, eluted in @entity8336 and analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The sampling rates were 0.2 and 1.0 l/min. At 15 micrograms/m3 (relative humidity less than 2%) and 27 micrograms/m3 (relative humidity 70%) no breakthrough was observed. However, at 160 micrograms/m3 (relative humidity less than 2%), 6% breakthrough was found. The sampling efficiency of the sampling rates 0.2 and 1.0 l/min did not differ. In a bubbler method, @entity47372 was sampled in bubblers filled with 0.1 M @entity7159 solution. The @entity1372 salt of @entity50583 was formed. No breakthrough was observed using a sampling rate of 1.0 l/min. The samples were stable during storage for eight weeks in a refrigerator. The @entity50583 was esterified with @entity1042 - @entity50584 and analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Apparatus for the generation of standard atmospheres of @entity47372 , in the range of 10-3000 micrograms/m3, was developed using the diffusion principle. For the solid sorbent method the precision (coefficient of variation) of the overall method was 2-7%, and for the bubbler method 3-19% (range 15-160 micrograms @entity47372 /m3; relative humidity = less than 2-70%). A comparison between the two methods was performed using the standard atmosphere. The concentrations found by the solid sorbent method were 86-98% of those found by the bubbler method (range 15-160 micrograms @entity47372 per m3; relative humidity = less than 2-70%). In work environment air, 93% was found using the solid sorbent method relative to the bubbler method at a mean concentration of 330 micrograms/m3 (coefficient of variation = 39%; range 200-540 micrograms/m3). For both methods, concentrations greater than 3 micrograms/m3 could be quantified at 60 min sampling with a sampling rate of 1.0 l/min.

title: Determination of XXXX in air using gas chromatography.

entities_list: @entity50583 :: ('MESH:C074866', 'Chemical') :: ['HHP acid', 'hexahydrophthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity50584 :: ('MESH:C021274', 'Chemical') :: ['boron trifluoride']

entities_list: @entity10725 :: ('MESH:C005752', 'Chemical') :: ['hexahydrophthalic anhydride']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

answer: @entity10725 :: (MESH:C005752,Chemical) :: ['hexahydrophthalic anhydride']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of @entity1 dentin as a function of tubule orientation and density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Slabs of dentin (ca 0.7 mm thick) were obtained from @entity1 third molars by either transversally or longitudinally sectioning the crowns with an Isomet saw. The slabs were gently trimmed to reduce the central area of the coronal dentin to a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.5 @entity202 . The longitudinally sectioned slabs were either trimmed from the mesial and distal sides or from the occlusal and pulpal aspects to permit the tensile load to be applied either parallel or perpendicular to the tubule orientation. The transversally sectioned specimens were obtained at several distances from the pulp and were used to evaluate the effects of tubule density. The trimmed specimens were tested in tension on a Kratos testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. After failure, the UTS of each was calculated and expressed in MPa. The fractured ends of the transversally sectioned specimens were viewed under SEM to calculate the number of tubules per @entity202 at the site of @entity174 , and its relation with the UTS was investigated by regression analysis. RESULTS: The UTS of dentin is higher when the load is applied perpendicular to the tubule orientation (80 +/- 13 MPa) than when applied parallel to tubule orientation (58 +/- 11 MPa, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for dentin to be weaker as the number of tubules at the site of @entity174 increased, although this relationship was not statistically significant (R2 = 0.051, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The UTS of dentin is dependent on the tubule direction. Dentin tends to be weaker as the number of tubules per area increases.

title: Tensile strength of XXXX dentin as a function of tubule orientation and density.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the postoperative @entity410 outcome and its predictors in @entity1 with @entity7667 -related @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the pre- and post-surgical evaluation data of 23 @entity1 with @entity1315 , who had completed >or=1 year of postoperative follow-up. They comprised 4.9% of the @entity1 with @entity1315 and 67.6% of the tumoral @entity1315 operated in a developing @entity302 center during an 8-year period. RESULTS: Median age at surgery was 20 years; median duration of @entity302 prior to surgery was 9 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity5 in mesial temporal location in 18 @entity1 (78.3%) and in the lateral location in 2; in the remaining 3, involved both mesial and lateral regions. EEG abnormalities were localized to the side of lesion in the majority. Mesial temporal lobe structures were included in the resection, if they were involved by the @entity5 ; otherwise, lesionectomy alone was performed. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 19 (82.6%) @entity1 were completely @entity410 -free. @entity302 persisting in the 1-year postoperative EEG predicted unfavorable @entity410 outcome. CONCLUSION: We emphasize that, in @entity1 with @entity1315 , when the @entity410 are medically refractory, surgery offers potential for cure of @entity302 in the majority.

title: Medically XXXX associated with @entity1315 : characteristics and postoperative outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe ganglioglioma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptiform abnormalities', 'epilepsy', 'country epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']