abstract: It was our purpose to determine the characteristics of practitioners in the United States who were among the first to inquire about and use the @entity5345 and @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) genetic tests outside of a research protocol. Questionnaires were mailed to all practitioners who requested information on or ordered a @entity14049 test from the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Genetic Diagnostics Laboratory (GDL) between October 1, 1995 and January 1, 1997 (the first 15 months the test was available for clinical use). The response rate was 67% of practitioners; 54% (121/225) were genetic counselors, 39% (87/225) were physicians or lab directors. Most physicians were oncologists, pathologists, or obstetrician/gynecologists, but 20% practiced surgery or internal or general medicine. Fifty-six percent (125/225) had ordered a @entity14049 test for a @entity1 ; most of the rest had offered or were willing to offer testing. Of those who had offered testing, 70% had a @entity1 decline @entity14049 testing when offered. Practitioners perceived that @entity1 ' fear of loss of confidentiality was a major reason for declining. Nearly 60% of practitioners reported that their @entity1 had access to a genetic counselor, but 28% of physicians who ordered a @entity14049 test reported having no such access, despite the GDL's counseling requirement. The proportion of physicians reporting no access to genetic counselors for their @entity1 increased from 22.4% in the first half of the study to 50% in the last half. Many practitioners have an interest in @entity14049 testing, despite policy statements that discourage its use outside of research protocols. Practitioner responses suggest that @entity1 interest in testing seems to be tempered by knowledge of potential risks. An apparent increase in @entity1 concern about confidentiality and inability to pay for testing could indicate growing barriers to testing. Although most practitioners reported having access to counseling facilities, perceived lack of such access among an increasing proportion of practitioners indicates that lab requirements for counseling are difficult to enforce and suggests that an increasing proportion of @entity1 may not be getting access to counseling.

title: Commercialization of XXXX testing: practitioner awareness and use of a new genetic test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity14049 :: (675;672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1/2']


abstract: Due to organ scarcity and wait-list mortality, transplantation of donation after @entity204 (DCD) livers has increased. However, the group of @entity1 benefiting from DCD liver transplantation is unknown. We studied the comparative effectiveness of DCD versus donation after @entity1620 (DBD) liver transplantation. A Markov model was constructed to compare undergoing DCD transplantation with remaining on the wait-list until death or DBD liver transplantation. Differences in life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs according to candidate @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score were considered. A separate model for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 with and without @entity3851 exception points was constructed. For @entity1 with a @entity3851 score <15, DCD transplantation resulted in greater costs and reduced effectiveness. @entity1 with a @entity3851 score of 15 to 20 experienced an improvement in effectiveness (0.07 QALYs) with DCD liver transplantation, but the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was > 2,000,000/QALY. @entity1 with @entity3851 scores of 21 to 30 (0.25 QALYs) and >30 (0.83 QALYs) also benefited from DCD transplantation with ICERs of  478,222/QALY and  120,144/QALY, respectively. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated stable results for @entity3851 scores <15 and >20, but the preferred strategy for the @entity3851 15 to 20 category was uncertain. DCD transplantation was associated with increased costs and reduced survival for @entity157 @entity1 with exception points but led to improved survival (0.26 QALYs) at a cost of  392,067/QALY for @entity1 without exception points. In conclusion, DCD liver transplantation results in inferior survival for @entity1 with a @entity3851 score <15 and @entity157 @entity1 receiving @entity3851 exception points, but provides a survival benefit to @entity1 with a @entity3851 score >20 and to @entity157 @entity1 without @entity3851 exception points.

title: Comparative effectiveness of donation after @entity204 versus donation after XXXX liver transplantation: Recognizing who can benefit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our research group has previously shown that the geriatric syndrome of frailty is associated with features of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) on cross-sectional analysis. METHODS: To test whether @entity209 and its physiologic determinants- @entity2690 resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment score (IR-HOMA), increased @entity32 and coagulation factor levels, and elevated blood pressure-are associated with incident frailty, we studied a subcohort of @entity1 from the Cardiovascular Health Study observed from 1989/1990 through 1998/1999: 3141 community-dwelling adults, aged 69 to 74 years, without frailty and illnesses that increase @entity32 markers or mimic frailty. The association of baseline @entity209 , IR-HOMA, levels of @entity32 and coagulation factors, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with time to onset of frailty was adjusted for demographic and psychosocial factors and incident events. Our main outcome measure was incident frailty. RESULTS: @entity209 was not significantly associated with incident frailty (hazard ratio, 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.57). On the other hand, @entity1851 levels were associated with incident frailty: for every standard deviation increment the hazard ratio for frailty was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02-1.31) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02-1.32), respectively. The white blood cell count and factor VIIIc levels had a borderline association. Elevated systolic blood pressure had no association. Similar trends were found for incident prefrailty, a condition that precedes frailty. CONCLUSIONS: Two physiologic components of @entity209 - IR-HOMA and @entity32 -are associated with incident frailty. Based on these results, IR-HOMA can be considered part of a larger process that leads to generalized decline.

title: XXXX resistance and @entity32 as precursors of frailty: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['IR-HOMA and C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: Clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of 2 @entity2967 of the pancreas are presented. The @entity5 were composed of @entity2527 cells and pleomorphic cells (PCs). The tissue-specific markers gave evidence of mesenchymal nature of the @entity2527 cells, as well as other components of the @entity5 , and lacked any signs of epithelial differentiation in both @entity1 . The nonepithelial nature of both components in the @entity2967 presented may be associated with a better prognosis, which corresponds to the previous reports of similar @entity5 . A positive immunoreactivity to @entity3508 was recorded in @entity1 2. The presence of @entity469 in @entity2527 cells proved their histiocytic nature. Both components of the @entity5 showed a negative immunoreactivity to desmin and only a scattered reactivity to smooth muscle cell actin, typical markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Mutation analysis of the @entity5 revealed the wild state of both @entity876 and @entity984 oncogenes in both @entity1 . A positive immunoreactivity for @entity876 in PCs of both @entity2967 was recorded, whereas @entity2527 cells did not express this protein. The expression of @entity18563 was recorded in @entity2527 cells in @entity1 1. The absence of Ki-67 in the @entity2527 cells and its expression in PCs gave evidence of a different proliferation rate of both cell populations. Different tissue-specific markers, a different proliferation rate, and a different state of oncogene activation in the @entity2967 contribute to the idea that the @entity5 derives from a pluripotent cell that may differentiate into an array of phenotypes.

title: Immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic giant']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['osteoclastic giant cell tumor of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 has been implicated in virtually all @entity5 and is believed to be the primary etiological factor that transforms cervical epithelia. The presence of @entity5 suggests that HPV may play a similar role in transforming the oral epithelia. The prevalence of @entity5 is highly variable, however, presenting problematic issues regarding the etiology of @entity5 , which must be investigated more thoroughly. Past analyses of HPV in @entity5 of the oral cavity have largely been confined to retrospective studies of @entity5 @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for @entity1799 infection to alter the proliferative phenotype of @entity957 in vitro. RESULTS: This study found that the @entity957 cell line, CAL27, transfected with @entity1799 , exhibited significantly increased proliferation, compared with non-transfected CAL27. The increased proliferation was observed under low density conditions, even in the absence of serum. Moreover, these effects were specific to proliferation, adhesion, and morphology, while cell viability was not affected. CONCLUSION: This study represents one of the first investigations of the effects of @entity1799 infection on the proliferation, adhesion, and morphology of an @entity957 cell line in vitro. The finding that @entity1799 has the ability to measurably alter adhesion and proliferative potential is significant, indicating that HPV may have multiple influences on precancerous and @entity5 and should be explored as a risk factor and mediator of @entity5 phenotypes. These measurements and observations will be of benefit to researchers interested in elucidating the mechanisms of @entity5 transformation and the factors governing @entity105 and progression.

title: Transfection of @entity957 with XXXX induces proliferative and morphological changes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'oral cancers', 'HPV in oral cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'oral cancer', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus-16']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the link between @entity6 and @entity788 ( @entity788 ) mortality and the joint effect of smoking and insulin use on @entity788 mortality. A total of 39,988 @entity1 and 46,909 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , aged >= 25 years and recruited in 1995-1998, were followed to 2006 for @entity788 mortality. Age-sex-specific mortality rate ratios for @entity6 @entity1 versus the general population were calculated. Cox regression was used to evaluate hazard ratios for @entity788 mortality for covariates including age, sex, @entity6 duration, body mass index, smoking, insulin use, and area of residence. The interaction and joint effect of smoking and insulin use were also evaluated. A total of 89 @entity1 and 63 @entity1 died of @entity788 . The mortality rate ratios (95 % CI) showed a significantly higher risk in @entity6 @entity1 with a magnitude most remarkable at the youngest age: 1.51 (1.15, 1.98), 2.02 (1.35, 3.03), and 8.36 (5.39, 12.98) for >= 65, 55-64, and 25-54 years old, respectively, for @entity1 ; and 1.16 (0.84, 1.59), 2.12 (1.39, 3.23) and 3.33 (1.14, 9.68), respectively, for @entity1 . In multivariable Cox regression analysis, only age was significantly predictive for @entity788 mortality. Although smoking and insulin use might be associated with a 50 % higher risk when analyzed as individual risk factors, they did not reach statistical significance. The interaction term of smoking and insulin use was also not statistically significant in additional modeling. However, smoking and insulin use jointly increased the risk with an adjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI) of 3.04 (1.37, 6.73) when compared to @entity1 who did not smoke and did not use insulin. @entity6 @entity1 have a significantly higher risk of @entity788 mortality. In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , smoking and insulin use may jointly increase the risk by threefold.

title: XXXX , insulin use, smoking, and @entity788 mortality in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity4929 of the bile duct (IPNB) is a @entity1125 with predominant intraductal papillary growth and various degrees of malignant transformation. Although IPNB has been recently added to the WHO classification, the classification system needs refinements. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 93 non-invasive and invasive IPNB cases, surgically resected from 1996 to 2006. To further characterize their biologic behavior, we modified the WHO classification into a 4-tier category system in which non-invasive IPNB cases with complex fused or cribriform papillae were separately designated. Epithelial types such as intestinal, gastric, pancreatobiliary, and oncocytic type were determined by morphology and @entity3558 core protein immunohistochemistry. Resection margins were classified based on their microscopic appearances. The prognostic values of mucinous histology and @entity2355 protein expression were also determined. RESULTS: IPNB with complex fused or cribriform papillae showed a worse prognosis than IPNB with simple papillae and one such case showed a metachronous metastasis. In addition, a positive surgical margin including @entity1141 was associated with worse outcomes. Among the invasive IPNB cases, @entity2355 -positive @entity5 were more aggressive than @entity2355 -negative @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: We propose that non-invasive IPNB with complex fused or cribriform papillae might be better classified as mucosa-confined @entity201 rather than IPNB with high grade @entity1141 . In addition, aggressive further resection is recommended when a positive surgical margin including @entity1141 is reported during intraoperative histopathological evaluation.

title: Long-term clinical outcome of the surgically resected XXXX of the bile duct.

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal papillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although single-pill, fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are widely endorsed for the @entity551 and cardiovascular risk, studies to date have not evaluated the differences between FDCs and free associations using matched drugs and doses. The objective of this study was to determine whether switching from a free association of @entity4687 / @entity3591 to the @entity5048 formulation led to significant improvements in efficacy and tolerability. METHODS: In this subanalysis of the previously published SYMBIO study, we looked at the effect of switching @entity1 from a free association of @entity4687 / @entity3591 to an equivalent dose of @entity5048 (N  =  335). In the SYMBIO study, concomitant antihypertensive medications were allowed; however, they remained unchanged till the end of the study. Blood pressure was measured at baseline, 1, and 3  months. Targets were defined as blood pressure <140/90  mmHg or <130/80  mmHg for @entity1 with @entity6 or at high cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, mean blood pressure decreased significantly after 1 and 3  months of treatment with @entity5048 @entity4687 / @entity3591 . Mean changes from baseline were -15.6      14.3/-7.7      9.1  mmHg at 1  month (p  <  0.0001) and -23.3      16.4/-11.3      9.8  mmHg at 3  months (p  <  0.0001). The percentage of @entity1 who reached their blood pressure target increased from 16.0  % at baseline to 50.6  % at 1  month, to 75.9  % at 3  months. The incidence of ankle @entity4 decreased from 14.9  % at baseline, to 9.9  % at 1  month, to 5.4  % at 3  months. The relative risk reduction for ankle @entity4 was -37.5  % at 1  month (vs. baseline; p  <  0.001) and -57.2  % at 3  months (vs. baseline; p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that switching from a free association of @entity4687 / @entity3591 to the same dose of the @entity5048 formulation led to significant improvements in efficacy and tolerability.

title: Switching from a Free Association of @entity4687 / XXXX to a Fixed-Dose Combination: Increased Antihypertensive Efficacy and Tolerability.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['Amlodipine']


abstract: We describe filiform @entity1127 (FPs) in a series of defunctioned rectums with diversion @entity1960 . A 6-year search of all defunctioned rectal resection specimens revealed 8 cases with 17 macroscopically observed FPs. They occurred in 4 females and 4 males aged between 12 and 64 years. Four had defunctioning colostomies for @entity31 , 3 for @entity30 and 1 for @entity66 . @entity75 were seen in 6 of 8 cases: 1 case having 4 FPs, 1 @entity1 with 3 lesions, and 4 cases with 2 lesions. The FP varied in length from 4 to 11 mm; mean length was 7.8 mm. No evidence of @entity33 was seen in any of the polypoid lesions. In 65 cases without grossly observed polypoid lesions, prominent mucosal polypoid projections in keeping with FP were seen in 47 cases. These were observed in nonulcerated sections and were histologically identical to the 17 macroscopically observed FPs ranging from 3 to 8 mm, and 3 to 5 such polypoid lesions were seen in 20 cases. We suggest that FP and FP-like lesions are commonly encountered in defunctioned resection specimens.

title: Filiform XXXX are common in defunctioned or diverted colorectum resection specimens.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps and filiform polyp-like lesions']


abstract: 11 cases of @entity1 with @entity99 to the spinal cord born between 1960 and 1970 are presented in review and compared to about 200 previously published cases. 8 @entity1 presented at delivery with one or both feet and 2 with breech. 9 of these @entity1 were born by difficult extraction and needed resuscitation due to primary @entity1763 . One @entity1 had an easy vertex delivery without evident risk. Diagnosis was established within the first days of life, based on flaccid motor and sensory paralysis below a defined level, mostly in the cervical or upper thoracic spine, with @entity1494 , and confirmed by autopsy or by follow-up study. One @entity1 with disruption of the spinal cord above C4 survived only a few hours despite artificial ventilation. 4 @entity1 died within the first three years of life, 3 of them due to @entity697 . 5 of 6 surviving @entity1 were followed regularly and are now 10 to 18 years old. They are ambulant with crutches and are well integrated in their families. 4 @entity1 attend normal school, and one @entity1 gets special training for @entity1032 @entity1 .

title: XXXX to the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and bowel paralysis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['birth injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Birth injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity43 is a very rare disease. @entity299 occurs in about one-third of @entity1 with @entity4303 . Cardiac involvement may be a cause of @entity204 in this syndrome. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We presents the unfavourable outcome of a 78-year-old @entity1 admitted to the hospital complaining severe @entity1353 and @entity4 . Because of the presence of a large pericardial effusion with compression of cardiac chambers, an evacuative pericardiocentesis was performed. Computed tomography showed a solid pelvic mass with @entity843 . She underwent a complete surgical staging. Histological findings revealed an @entity4303 stage IA. Three weeks later she was readmitted to the hospital and echocardiography demonstrated a right tricuspid valvular involvement with @entity850 and severe regurgitation with a 2  cm masses in the posterior mitral leaflet. Hemoculture was positive for @entity794 . @entity1 was not suitable for surgical intervention and decease due to @entity295 and because secondary complications of the @entity884 . DISCUSSION: High level of @entity5581 has a rule in the development and progression of the @entity26555 and could lead the right tricuspid valvular involvement. In the case we presented the @entity3555 worsened the cardiac functions and the clinical conditions before she deceased. CONCLUSION: Ovarian primary @entity5 are very rare @entity5 that require appropriate preoperative diagnosis. Even if survival is usually excellent, when @entity4303 with @entity299 is present, a high level of attention is mandatory to prevent and limit damage caused by the vasoactive @entity6115 secreted by the @entity5 .

title: XXXX : Unfavourable outcome of a case.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral oedemas']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome', 'insular carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart involvement', 'Carcinoid heart disease']

entities_list: @entity26555 :: ('MESH:D002275', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['mitral endocarditis']

answer: @entity26555 :: (MESH:D002275,Disease) :: ['Primary insular carcinoid of the ovary with carcinoid heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the recent trend toward minimally invasive @entity2720 and the increased emphasis on faster recovery and shorter hospital stays, it has become increasingly important to recognize the timing and severity of the various complications associated with elective @entity2720 to ensure that early @entity1 discharge is a safe practice. METHODS: We evaluated the systemic and @entity532 associated with primary unilateral lower-extremity arthroplasties performed during one year in 1636 @entity1 . A total of 966 @entity1 had a primary total hip arthroplasty, and 670 had a primary total knee arthroplasty. All complications that occurred in the hospital and for six weeks following the index surgery were recorded. The circumstances leading to the complications and the details of the therapeutic intervention for each complication were recorded. Analyses were performed to predict the factors that predispose @entity1 to serious complications. RESULTS: One @entity1 (0.06%) in the cohort died during the hospital stay. There were a total of 104 major (life-threatening) complications, including @entity1167 (one), @entity591 (thirty-three), @entity3126 or @entity712 (ten), @entity583 (six), @entity551 crisis (four), @entity358 (twenty-five), @entity810 (fourteen), @entity64 (six), @entity1744 or perforation (three), and pneumothorax (one). There were seventeen major @entity532 . Ninety-four (90%) of the major complications occurred within four days after the index surgery. Although older age, increased body mass, and preexistent comorbidities were important predisposing factors for serious medical complications, 58% of the @entity1 who had life-threatening complications develop had no identifiable predisposing factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that most of the complications of @entity1746 occur within the time-frame of the typical hospital stay. Given the serious nature of some of these complications and the inability to identify many of the @entity1 who may be at risk, we caution against early discharge of @entity1 from the hospital after elective @entity2720 in the lower extremity.

title: XXXX : When do fatal or near-fatal complications occur?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['local complications']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity total joint replacement']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Total joint arthroplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of 5 @entity1 with rare atypical presentation of @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ), and propose the possible mechanism of this atypical presentation. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of 5 @entity1 admitted at King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with @entity5576 during the period from January 2001 to December 2005. All were females with their age ranges from 24 to 40 years. The clinical presentations, and the laboratory and imaging studies were analyzed. The opening pressures of the lumbar puncture tests were documented. RESULTS: All @entity1 were presented with @entity10 . One had typical @entity158 of @entity4254 , and one with @entity4048 and @entity614 . @entity22212 was present in one @entity1 , and 2 @entity1 had bilateral 6th @entity129 . @entity1829 was present in all @entity1 except in one @entity1 . Imaging study was normal in all @entity1 , and they had a very high opening pressure during lumbar puncture, except in one @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved full recovery with medical therapy in 6 to 12 weeks with no relapse during the mean follow up of 2 years. CONCLUSION: Atypical findings in @entity5576 are rare and require a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis.

title: XXXX . Atypical presentation.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity22212 :: ('MESH:C531747', 'Disease') :: ['Facial diplegia']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['Papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: The factors responsible for the production and activities of polysaccharide degrading enzymes of a toxigenic strain of @entity606 (ASC - IB 202) on an oat meal chaff (OMC) medium were studied. The enzymes assayed for were amylases, CM-cellulases, filter paper (FP)-cellulases, xylanases and dextranases. Amylase production by A. clavatus (ASC - IB 202) reached a peak within 48 h of incubation at 30 degrees C while optimal production of CM-cellulases occurred on day 6. The FP-cellulase and xylanase production did not reach a peak within the 10 day incubation period. Determination of dextranase activity showed optimal production and activity between days 6 and 8. When grown on varying sources of @entity505 at 30 degrees C, CM-cellulase production was only recorded on @entity8692 , CM-cellulose and on the OMC medium. FP-cellulase production occurred on the microcrystalline cellulose and on the OMC medium. The other enzymes were produced to various extents on the @entity505 sources used. The best mycelial growth was recorded at 30 degrees C and pH 6.0. So also were the peak production of CM-cellulases and FP-cellulases. The xylanase and dextranase activity of the culture filtrate were optimally produced at 30 degrees C and pH 5.4. The potential health hazards which the presence of this toxigenic strain of @entity606 on poultry feeds poses to farm animals including @entity1 are discussed.

title: Polysaccharide degrading enzymes of a toxigenic strain of XXXX from Nigerian poultry feeds.

entities_list: @entity606 :: ('5057', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus clavatus']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

answer: @entity606 :: (5057,Species) :: ['Aspergillus clavatus']


abstract: The objective of this study was to ascertain the duration of @entity5 control and the @entity137 of dose-intense myeloablative chemotherapy for @entity1 with recurrent @entity3271 . @entity1 with previously irradiated @entity3271 , either pure or mixed, that were contrast enhancing, measurable, and behaving aggressively at recurrence were eligible for this study. Only complete responders or major partial responders (75 % reduction in @entity5 size) to induction chemotherapy--either intensive-dose @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 or @entity900 plus @entity2879 -could receive high-dose thiotepa (300 mg/m2/day for 3 days) followed by hematopoietic reconstitution using either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. Thirty-eight @entity1 began induction chemotherapy and 20 (10 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; median age 46 years; median Karnofsky score 80) received high-dose thiotepa. For the high-dose group, the median event-free, progression-free, and overall survival times from recurrence were 17, 20, and 49 months, respectively. Tumor control in excess of 2 years was observed in 6 @entity1 (30%). Four @entity1 (20%) are alive and @entity5 free 27 to 77 months (median, 42 months) from the start of induction therapy; however, fatal treatment-related @entity137 also occurred in 4 @entity1 (20%). Three @entity1 died as a result of a progressive @entity75 which, in 2 instances, was accompanied by @entity5653 ; 1 @entity1 died as a consequence of an intracerebral (intratumoral) @entity548 . Fatal @entity137 occurred in @entity1 with pretreatment Karnofsky scores of 60 or 70. High-dose thiotepa to consolidate response was a disappointing treatment strategy for @entity1 with recurrent aggressive @entity5 , although several @entity1 had durable responses. Moreover, as prescribed, high-dose thiotepa had significant toxic effects in previously irradiated @entity1 , especially those with poorer performance status.

title: Myeloablative chemotherapy for recurrent aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oligodendroglial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['a wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglioma']


abstract: Human @entity4732 (SF) is a blood glycoprotein that promotes attachment and spreading and influences growth, migration, and differentiation of a variety of animal cells in culture. SF purified from @entity1 plasma or serum by chromatographic methods reported previously (Barnes, D. W., and Silnutzer, J. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12548-12552) does not bind to heparin-Sepharose under conditions of physiological ionic strength and pH. In a further examination of the heparin-binding properties of human serum SF, we found that exposure of purified SF to 8 M @entity1133 altered several properties of the protein, including heparin affinity, and these alterations remained after removal of the @entity1133 from SF solutions. @entity1133 -treated SF bound to heparin under physiological conditions, and salt concentrations of 0.4 M or higher were required for elution of @entity1133 -treated SF from heparin-Sepharose at pH 7.0. The alteration of heparin-binding properties of SF also was observed upon exposure of the protein to heat or acid. Treatment of SF with @entity1133 , heat, or acid resulted additionally in greatly decreased cell spreading-promoting activity of the molecule. The decreased biological activity was associated with a reduced ability of the treated SF to bind to the cell culture substratum, a prerequisite for the attachment-promoting activity of the molecule. Experiments examining the heparin-binding properties of native SF in unfractionated @entity1 plasma indicated that the major portion of SF in blood did not bind to heparin under conditions of physiological ionic strength and pH.

title: Heparin-binding properties of human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4732 :: ('7448', 'Gene') :: ['serum spreading factor']

answer: @entity4732 :: (7448,Gene) :: ['serum spreading factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate therapeutic effect of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in conjunction with antiviral and corticosteroid therapy on herpes necrotizing @entity1036 . DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 (15 eyes) with herpes necrotizing @entity1036 , persistent @entity32 , and impending @entity1066 , despite topical and systemic antiviral treatment for over 2 weeks. METHODS: Multilayer AMT was performed in the 15 eyes. Antiviral medications and appropriate corticosteroids were administered after surgery. Remodeling of amniotic membrane (AM) and growth of epithelial cells were detected by confocal microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and corneal status ( @entity1066 , @entity4 , and opacification). RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 7 to 13 months (mean +/- standard deviation, 8.9+/-1.8). Visual acuity improved by > or =2 lines in 14 eyes. Central corneal @entity1066 healed completely at 2.0+/-0.6 weeks, and paracentral @entity1066 at 2.1+/-0.6 weeks (t = 0.314, P = 0.759). Corneal stromal thickness was restored in eyes with central @entity1066 at 2.4+/-1.2 weeks and in those with paracentral @entity1066 at 2.6+/-0.7 weeks (t = 0.425, P = 0.678). Superficial epithelial cells, together with small basal epithelial cells, gradually migrated to the surface of AM on postoperative weeks 1 to 3. There were corneal nebulae in 11 eyes, corneal maculae in 3 eyes, and a @entity5575 in 1 eye at the end of follow-up. No recrudescence occurred in any eye. CONCLUSION: Multilayer AMT combined with antiviral and corticosteroid therapy appears effective in treating herpes necrotizing @entity1036 . It provides @entity1 with marked scars and @entity227 an opportunity for subsequent keratoplasty by arresting the inflammatory response and reducing the graft bed diameter.

title: Amniotic membrane transplantation combined with antiviral and steroid therapy for herpes necrotizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['corneal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcers', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal leukoma']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['stromal keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 and animal studies provided controversial data on asymmetric cortical representation of cardiac function, which may partially be due to different study designs and inter-individual variability. Here, we investigated whether @entity410 -related changes in heart rate (HR) and cardiac repolarization depend on the side of @entity410 -activity in @entity1 with mesial @entity1315 (mTLE). METHODS: To account for inter-individual variability, EEG and ECG data were reviewed from @entity1 with medically refractory mTLE undergoing pre-surgical video-EEG telemetry with at least 2 @entity410 arising from each hippocampus as assessed by bilateral hippocampal depths electrodes. RR and QT intervals were determined at different timepoints using a one-lead ECG. QT intervals were corrected for HR (QTc) using 4 established formulas. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity410 of 15 @entity1 were analyzed. HR increased by    30% during hippocampal activity irrespective of the side (p=0.411). QTc intervals were lengthened to a significantly greater extent during left hippocampal @entity410 (e.g. difference of QT intervals between preictal and ictal state using Bazett's formula; left side 32.0  5.3 ms, right side 15.6  7.7 ms; p=0.016). @entity1162 occurred in 7 of 41 left hippocampal @entity410 of 4 @entity1 , and only in 2 of 37 right hippocampal @entity410 of 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity410 -related modulation of cardiac repolarization, but not of HR, appears to depend on the side of ictal activity, strengthening the hypothesis of asymmetric cerebral representation of cardiac function. The clinical relevance of this is unclear, but may indicate an increased risk of abnormal @entity1162 in @entity1 with left mTLE.

title: Ictal modulation of cardiac repolarization, but not of heart rate, is lateralized in mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['ictal QT prolongation', 'Abnormal QTc prolongation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity1653 and two with hemangiopericytic variants received a 30-min intravenous infusion of @entity1603 (BrdUrd), 200 mg/m2, before @entity5 removal. Excised @entity5 specimens were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method to determine the BrdUrd @entity894 ( @entity894 ), or percentage of cells in DNA synthesis. The @entity894 was less than 1% in 63 (86.3%) of 73 @entity1653 and less than 1% in 20 (87%) of 23 @entity5 . Of 23 @entity5 11 were recurrent @entity5 ; 8 @entity1 had recurrence 3 to 33 months after the study. The recurrence rate was 100% (five of five) in @entity1 whose @entity5 had a @entity894 greater than 5%, 44% (11 of 25) in those with a @entity894 1% to 5%, and 6.1% (4 of 66) in those with an @entity894 less than 1%. Thus, @entity1653 with a @entity894 greater than 1% may grow faster and recur more frequently. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , the mean time to recurrence after the study was 7.5 months in those with a @entity894 greater than 5% and 20.2 months for those with an @entity894 1% to 5%. The mean time to recurrence was 97.8 months in @entity1 with @entity1653 . Both hemangiopericytic variants were recurrent and showed LIs of 0.5% and 4.1%; the former @entity5 recurred 8 years after complete resection, while the latter recurred three times in 3.5 years. Thus, the proliferative potential of @entity1653 as reflected by the @entity894 appears to be a prognostic variable that can help to elucidate the biological behavior of individual @entity1653 .

title: XXXX labeling study of @entity1653 : proliferative potential and recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'BrdUrd LI', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant meningiomas', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'nonmalignant meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is well established in the treatment of skull base @entity1653 , but this therapy approach is limited to small @entity5 only. The fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) offers an alternative treatment option. This study aims at local control, symptomatology, and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1997-2003, 224 @entity1 were treated with SRT (n = 183), hypofractionated SRT (n = 30), and SRS (n = 11). 95/224 were treated with SRT/SRS alone. 129/224 @entity1 underwent previous operations. Freedom from progression and overall survival, @entity137 , and symptomatology were evaluated systematically. Additionally, @entity5 volume (TV) shrinkage was analyzed three-dimensionally within the planning system. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36 months (range, 12-100 months). Overall survival and freedom from progression for 5 years were 92.9% and 96.9%. Quantitative TV reduction was 26.2% and 30.3% 12 and 18 months after SRT/SRS (p < 0.0001). 95.9% of the @entity1 improved their symptoms or were stable. Clinically significant acute @entity137 (CTC III degrees ) was rarely seen (2.5%). Clinically significant late morbidity (III degrees -IV degrees ) or new @entity129 did not occur. CONCLUSION: SRT offers an additional treatment option of high efficacy with only few side effects. In the case of large @entity5 size (> 4 ml) and adjacent critical structures (< 2 mm), SRT is highly recommended.

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy of @entity1653 : symptomatology, acute and late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T-wave morphology in the setting of @entity714 ( @entity714 ) has been proposed as an indicator of @entity741 . OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify T-wave morphology findings in @entity1 with @entity714 that predict @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We hypothesized that two or more contiguous leads with concordant T waves would be predictive of @entity583 . METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed by chart review in a tertiary care center emergency department. We identified a consecutive cohort who presented with @entity714 and symptoms consistent with @entity1187 . Exclusion criteria were diastolic blood pressure > 120  mm Hg, heart rate > 130 beats/min, positive pressure ventilation, @entity972 > 5.5 mEq/L, and @entity1167 without prearrest electrocardiogram (ECG) available. We collected ECGs and classified T  waves into five categories based on morphology, blinded to clinical outcome. Clinical outcome data were collected blinded to ECG findings. Those with ECG diagnostic of STEMI by modified Sgarbossa criteria were excluded from the primary analysis, which was sensitivity and specificity of two or more contiguous leads with concordant T  waves for @entity583 . RESULTS: There were 246 @entity1 included. Mean age was 73  years; 160 (65%) were female, and 32 had @entity583 . Thirty percent had two or more contiguous precordial leads with partially or completely concordant T waves. For @entity583 , the sensitivity and specificity of this finding were 19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-37) and 68% (95% CI 61-74). CONCLUSIONS: We found no clinically useful relationship between T-wave concordance and @entity583 in  our @entity1 population. Future investigation of @entity714 T-wave morphology should focus on alternative populations and findings.

title: Evaluation of T-Wave Morphology in @entity1 With @entity714 and Suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to examine the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor tissue oxygenation in the @entity1167 heart and to assess myocardial @entity26 metabolism during intermittent warm @entity1503 . METHODS: Using a three-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy, we continuously measured myocardial tissue @entity26 saturation and the tissue hemoglobin concentration during intermittent warm @entity1503 . Under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 @entity235 received three 5-min periods of antegrade warm @entity1503 , interrupted by three 10-min episodes of @entity63 in group 1 (n = 7), three 15-min episodes of @entity63 in group 2 (n = 6), or three 20-min episodes of @entity63 in group 3 (n = 7). RESULTS: Myocardial @entity26 saturation during beating and @entity2224 was 80 +/- 1 and 59 +/- 1%, respectively. Myocardial @entity26 saturation rapidly increased to 82 +/- 1% at blood cardioplegic infusion and decreased to 58 +/- 1% 3 min after cardioplegic interruption. The time required to reach the peak @entity26 saturation level decreased significantly at the second and third infusions compared to the first infusion in group 1, whereas the time increased significantly at the third infusion in groups 2 and 3. The slower rate of increase in @entity26 saturation suggested reduced coronary vasodilator reserve due to @entity854 . Reperfusion @entity2224 occurred in none of group 1, one of group 2 and three of group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful method of continuously monitoring myocardial oxygenation and @entity63 during warm heart surgery. Episodes of @entity63 longer than 10 min during warm @entity1503 resulted in less-than-optimal myocardial preservation and should be avoided.

title: Near-infrared monitoring of myocardial oxygenation during intermittent warm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegically arrested']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood cardioplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity8810 ( @entity8810 ) have @entity1671 , or both localized to the distribution of the @entity8810 that occurs in response to gustatory stimuli. In adults, the syndrome usually results from @entity3816 or @entity130 to the parotid gland. The condition is rare in @entity1 , but usually manifests during @entity950 with the introduction of solid food, thus leading to the misdiagnosis of @entity5419 by physicians unfamiliar with the syndrome. OBSERVATIONS: We describe 8 @entity1 with @entity8810 who manifested with @entity1671 only. The reaction was erroneously attributed to @entity5419 in most cases. Six of the 8 @entity1 were delivered with forceps assistance. The remaining 2 @entity1 , with disease onset during the first 3 months of life, had bilateral involvement without known @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8810 may manifest during @entity950 as @entity1671 with eating food. In contrast to the syndrome in adults, @entity8810 is rarely associated. The known use of forceps to assist in the delivery of at least 14 of the 28 previously reported pediatric cases and in 6 of our 8 @entity1 suggests that @entity130 to the parotid region may be responsible for the condition in most @entity1 , as it is in adults. @entity8810 in @entity950 should be recognized as a benign condition that often resolves spontaneously. Treatment is ineffective and unnecessary.

title: Localized facial @entity1671 in XXXX . @entity8810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing', 'facial flushing, sweating']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating', 'auriculotemporal nerve syndrome', 'auriculotemporal nerve', 'Frey syndrome', 'Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity950 :: (MESH:C537702,Disease) :: ['infancy']


abstract: @entity170 , which is defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and @entity2721 leading to enhanced @entity79 and a consequent increase in @entity174 risk, is a major health issue worldwide. Among the various strategies to prevent and cure this devastating ailment, an important objective is the development of new efficacious and safe drugs. This situation prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide a comprehensive statement of guiding principles for the design, implementation and interpretation of both preclinical testing and clinical trials in @entity170 . These guidelines, which are now available, underline the crucial importance of the preclinical evaluation, particularly for assessing the effect of an intervention on bone strength. This concept is heightened by the lack of a validated technique for noninvasively evaluating bone strength in @entity1 and the multiple difficulties and heavy burden inherent in the evaluation of @entity174 rate in clinical trials. The WHO guidelines emphasize that a comprehensive and adequate preclinical program is expected to provide key information on the relationship between bone mass and strength and thus attenuate the burden of clinical studies. The present report provides a review of experimental evidence in support of the preclinical program as proposed in the WHO guidelines. This program is based on the recent development and refinement of animal models of @entity170 that mimic the @entity1 condition according to the conceptual definition of the disease. Many preclinical studies carried out in appropriate animal models with agents that exert either antiresorbing or anabolic effects on bone indicate that they have been highly predictive of the drug action in @entity1 in terms of both bone mass and remodeling, as well as of bone strength whenever @entity174 rate has been documented in clinical trials. Based on this evidence the WHO guidelines propose strategies according to which the results of preclinical evaluation will determine the end-points required in the different phases of the clinical development of the drug. Such a distribution of task assignment between preclinical and clinical programs should optimize the progress of research available to @entity1 already suffering from or at risk of @entity170 .

title: Importance of preclinical studies in the development of drugs for treatment of XXXX : a review related to the 1998 WHO guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Chemokines are known to participate in allograft rejection by mediating leukocyte trafficking. Despite redundancy in chemokine family, several chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions have proven critical in alloimmune responses. We sought to determine the effect of combined blockade of @entity14013 and @entity13945 , two critical chemokine receptors, in acute rejection. METHODS: Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed using BALB/c to B6/129 @entity19 deficient in @entity13945 . Following transplantation these @entity19 were treated with goat anti- @entity14013 serum every other day. In the control group, BALB/c hearts were transplanted in wild type B6/129 recipients and treated with goat serum alone. No immunosuppression was given to either group. Recipient @entity19 were then assessed daily for allograft function by abdominal palpation, and graft survival was confirmed by laparotomy. RESULTS: The donor hearts in the control group were rejected at 6 +/- 1 days posttransplantation. Combined blockade of @entity14013 and @entity13945 prolonged allograft survival versus control; all allografts survived to 24 days. In addition, there was a decrease in graft infiltrating @entity1961 and CD8 lymphocytes in the experimental group at 24 days. CONCLUSION: Combined @entity14013 and @entity13945 blockade is effective in prolonging allograft survival in a fully MHC mismatched @entity19 model. Combined chemokine blockade holds promise in control of acute rejection in organ transplantation.

title: Role of @entity14013 and XXXX in allograft rejection.

answer: @entity13945 :: (12774(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CCR5']


abstract: @entity5880 is extremely rare. We herein report a case of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) @entity439 following severe @entity131 . A 24-year-old @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) following a car accident was referred to Rajaee @entity130 Center Emergency Room affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran. He underwent ventriculostomy on arrival for intracerebral pressure (ICP) monitoring and for a second time due to @entity1276 following decompressive craniectomy. He developed fulminant @entity693 and @entity5034 during his hospital course. A bulged @entity75 under the frontotemporal scalp resulted into the suspicion to underlying vascular pathology. Six-vessel angiography of brain was done which revealed @entity5880 . The @entity1 underwent a two-week course of a combination of intravenous antibiotics. Follow-up angiography was performed which confirmed successful treatment of @entity5880 of @entity2998 . @entity5880 of @entity2998 is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity5880 of @entity2998 following severe @entity131 which was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy.

title: Mycotic Aneurysm of External Carotid Artery following XXXX : Case Report and Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic aneurysm', 'Mycotic aneurysm of external carotid artery', 'mycotic aneurysm of external carotid artery', 'mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile lesion']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['ECA', 'external carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chromosomal translocations are usually analyzed as a single entity, and are associated with a poor outcome in @entity1072 . Translocations involving immunoglobulin genes are recurrent, but uncommon (<5%), and their individual prognosis is not clear. The two most frequent partners are @entity588 (18q21) and @entity20927 (19q13). DESIGNS AND METHODS: Herein, 75 cases are reported of @entity1072 and t(14;18) ( @entity588 -CLLs). Our series benefits from morphological, immunological and cytogenetical reviews. The @entity7513 status analyses were performed by referring laboratories. Comparison was made with our previously published series of @entity1072 @entity1 with t(14;19) ( @entity20927 -CLLs, n=29). RESULTS: Compared with @entity20927 -CLLs, @entity6113 was lower in @entity588 -CLLs (p<0.008), and @entity381 was less frequent (p<0.0001). There were more "typical" morphologies (p<0.005) and Matutes scores >4 (p<0.001) in the @entity588 -CLLs group, and less @entity3053 expression (p<0.04). More variant @entity588 -translocations were observed (t(18;22), n=11; 2t(2;18), n=2; p<0.02), and @entity588 -translocation was frequently single (p<0.002). Complex karyotypes (p<0.02), @entity17558 (p<0.03), 6q deletion (p<0.002) and @entity876 deletion (p<0.02) were less frequent in @entity588 -CLLs, whereas 13q deletion was more frequent (p<0.005). The @entity7513 gene was frequently mutated in @entity588 -CLLs (p<0.0001). Treatment-free survival was longer in @entity588 -CLLs (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity588 -CLL.S express @entity5893 and lack expression of @entity3053 , and have a Matutes score >= 4, frequent @entity17558 , no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated @entity7513 status. Compared to @entity20927 -CLLs, @entity588 -CLLs are much less @entity146 ; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved @entity1 stratification.

title: Specific chromosomal IG translocations have different prognoses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with recurrent forms of @entity955 may receive dual-chamber pacemakers after @entity713 for refractory symptoms. These @entity1 are at risk for chronic @entity955 , which would negate the benefits of dual-chamber pacing. The purpose of this study was to examine the survival of dual-chamber pacing modes in @entity1 undergoing ablate and pace therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six @entity1 underwent ablate and pace therapy for medically refractory chronic (70 @entity1 ) or recurrent (86 @entity1 ) @entity955 . Seventy-eight percent of @entity1 had structural @entity299 . The mean age was 66 +/- 11 years, with an average ejection fraction of 48% +/- 18%. The choice of pacing mode and programming were at the discretion of the investigators. At implantation, 91 @entity1 (58%) were programmed to VVI mode, 47 (30%) were programmed to @entity3603 mode, and 18 (12%) were programmed to DDI mode. After 1 year of follow-up, 10 @entity3603 @entity1 were reprogrammed to VVI mode (7 @entity1 ) or DDI mode (3 @entity1 ), most frequently for chronic @entity955 (7 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 with DDI mode were reprogrammed to VVI and @entity3603 modes (1 @entity1 each). Survival of the @entity3603 mode was 76% at 1 year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Reprogramming from @entity3603 mode was not associated with @entity1 age, left ventricular ejection fraction, discontinuation of antiarrhythmic drugs, or the duration of @entity955 symptoms before ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Seventy-six percent of @entity1 with recurrent @entity955 who are initially programmed to @entity3603 mode remain in @entity3603 mode 1 year after ablation and pacing therapy. The modest rate of progression to chronic @entity955 supports the use of dual-chamber pacing in this setting.

title: Survival of @entity3603 pacing mode after @entity713 and pacing for refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular junction ablation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity6223 ( @entity6223 ) can be explained by various host risk factors. Previous studies have focused on a single (among many possible) immunological risk factor and the association among the factors has not been assessed. We comprehensively investigated the associations among multiple host immunological risk factors in @entity6223 @entity1 to further elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of @entity6223 . METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity6223 @entity1 (50 generalized @entity6223 , 18 localized @entity6223 ), 51 @entity6223 -suspected @entity1 (S- @entity6223 ), 43 @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ) @entity1 , and 36 periodontally @entity392 ( @entity392 ) participated in this cross-sectional study. We examined peripheral neutrophil functions, phenotypic and functional characterization of peripheral lymphocytes (lymphocyte subsets, T-cell proliferative activity), cytokine productivity (interleukin [IL]-1, @entity1199 , @entity5 @entity39 factor [ @entity310 , @entity3646 and @entity650 ), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against 12 periodontal bacteria, and HLA class II genotypes. RESULTS: G- @entity6223 , S- @entity6223 , and @entity7278 @entity1 groups showed significantly lower percentages of pan T cells and CD8-positive cells (P < 0.02) compared with the @entity392 group. L- @entity6223 @entity1 showed depressed @entity3646 and @entity310 productivity compared with the @entity392 group (P < 0.02). The @entity6223 group showed significantly elevated antibody levels against @entity3841 , @entity2523 , @entity14148 , and @entity8209 compared with the @entity392 group (P < 0.05). The frequency with DQB1*0503 was significantly higher in the @entity6223 @entity1 group than the @entity392 group (P = 0.045) due to the higher frequency in L- @entity6223 @entity1 than the @entity392 group (P = 0.035). There were wide interindividual variations in each of the tests among @entity1 and @entity392 groups; however, @entity6223 @entity1 showed wider intradiagnostic group variations in certain host defensive cell functions than the other groups. There were some @entity6223 @entity1 who showed extremely low or high values in some tests; the @entity6223 @entity1 could be further divided into subgroups according to their host defensive and immunological profiles. However, there was heterogeneity in some of the other host immunological tests even in the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The association of host immunological risk factors in @entity6223 @entity1 is widely varied and more complex than previously thought. These results indicate the difficulty of explaining the pathogenesis of @entity6223 based on a single host risk factor and also emphasize the importance of critical assessment of not only @entity6223 @entity1 groups, but also individual @entity1 .

title: Heterogeneity of host immunological risk factors in XXXX with aggressive periodontitis.

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha', 'TNF]-alpha, interferon [IFN]-gamma']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['EOP', 'early-onset periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term outcome after 1 cycle of adjuvant modified @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 chemotherapy in @entity1 who underwent orchiectomy for high risk clinical stage I @entity10711 of the @entity1062 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 1999 a consecutive series of 44 @entity1 underwent orchiectomy for clinical stage I @entity10711 of the @entity1062 , followed by a single postoperative cycle of adjuvant modified @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 for vascular or @entity3 , and/or a predominance (50% or greater) of @entity189 . RESULTS: Four of the 44 @entity1 were excluded from analysis. Of the @entity1 35 had no evidence of disease at a median followup of 99 months (range 60 to 134). One @entity1 with progression after 13 months showed complete remission after 3 cycles of salvage @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 chemotherapy but he died of @entity55 4 weeks after the third course. Two @entity1 underwent orchiectomy for @entity5 at 18 and 42 months, respectively, followed by an additional 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. They remained relapse-free for 4 and 92 months, respectively. The former @entity1 was lost to followup after 4 months. Two other @entity1 were disease-free at 10 and 31 months, respectively, and were lost to followup thereafter. Late side effects were @entity392 in 3 @entity1 and @entity2358 in 3, of whom 2 had cryptorchidism of the contralateral @entity1062 . Nine @entity1 fathered @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: One cycle of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 effectively decreases the risk of relapse in @entity1 with high risk stage I @entity10711 of the @entity1062 . It has minimal side effects and can be a valuable alternative to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

title: Long-term followup results of 1 cycle of adjuvant @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 chemotherapy for high risk clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral testis cancer']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary childlessness']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic tumor invasion']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Relative to wild-type @entity3307 ), ICP0-null mutant viruses reactivate inefficiently from explanted, latently infected @entity19 @entity21 ( @entity21 ), indicating that ICP0 is not essential for reactivation but plays a central role in enhancing the efficiency of reactivation. The validity of these findings has been questioned, however, because the replication of ICP0-null mutants is impaired in animal models during the establishment of latency, such that fewer mutant genomes than wild-type genomes are present in latently infected @entity19 @entity21 . Therefore, the reduced number of mutant viral genomes available to reactivate, rather than mutations in the ICP0 gene per se, may be responsible for the reduced reactivation efficiency of ICP0-null mutants. We have recently demonstrated that optimization of the size of the ICP0 mutant virus inoculum and transient immunosuppression of mutant-infected @entity19 with @entity786 can be used to establish wild-type levels of ICP0-null mutant genomes in latently infected @entity21 (W. P. @entity2729 . A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 74:5957-5967, 2000). Using this procedure to equalize mutant and wild-type genome numbers, the goal of the present study was to determine if, relative to wild-type virus, the absence of ICP0 function in two ICP0-null mutants, n212 and 7134, affects reactivation efficiency from (i) explants of latently infected @entity21 and (ii) primary cultures of latently infected @entity21 cells. Although equivalent numbers of viral genomes were present in @entity21 of @entity19 latently infected with either wild-type or mutant viruses, reactivation of n212 and 7134 from heat-stressed @entity21 explants was inefficient (31 and 37% reactivation, respectively) relative to reactivation of wild-type virus (KOS) (95%). Similarly, n212 and 7134 reactivated inefficiently from primary cultures of dissociated @entity21 cells plated directly after removal from the @entity19 (7 and 4% reactivation, respectively), relative to KOS (60% reactivation). The efficiency and kinetics of reactivation of KOS, n212, and 7134 from cultured @entity21 cells (treated with @entity1033 to facilitate the establishment of latency) in response to heat stress or superinfection with a nonreplicating @entity3307 ICP4(-) mutant, n12, were compared. Whereas heat stress induced reactivation of KOS from 69% of latently infected @entity21 cell cultures, reactivation of n212 and 7134 was detected in only 1 and 7% of cultures, respectively. In contrast, superinfection with the ICP4(-) virus, which expresses high levels of ICP0, resulted in the production of infectious virus in nearly 100% of cultures latently infected with KOS, n212, or 7134 within 72 h. Thus, although latent mutant viral genome loads were equivalent to that of wild-type virus, in the absence of ICP0, n212 and 7134 reactivated inefficiently from latently infected @entity21 cells during culture establishment and following heat stress. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ICP0 is required to induce efficient reactivation of @entity3307 from neuronal latency.

title: ICP0 is required for efficient reactivation of XXXX from neuronal latency.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['Halford and P']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']


abstract: @entity1 peripheral blood contains a small subpopulation of immature dendritic cells (iDC) distinguished from circulating monocytes by their low expression of @entity5750 . We utilized leukapheresis and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation to obtain myeloid origin mononuclear cell (MOMC) fractions of monocytes and iDC for study. These subpopulations were ultrastructurally and immunophenotypically similar before culture. After a 20- to 96-h culture either alone, with recombinant @entity1 granulocyte-monocyte CSF, or with endotoxin, greater up-regulation of costimulatory molecule expression was observed among iDC than among monocytes, and only iDC expressed the activation molecule @entity8730 . Treatment with rhIL-4 caused many MOMC to develop morphologic properties of dendritic cells within 96 h, but costimulatory molecule up-regulation and @entity5750 down-regulation were heterogeneous, and @entity8730 expression was infrequent. In contrast, @entity460 ionophore (CI) treatment induced rapid and consistent effects in MOMC from both healthy volunteers and @entity5 @entity1 , including down-regulated @entity5750 expression, acquisition of dendritic cell morphologic properties, up-regulated MHC and costimulatory molecule expression, and de novo @entity8730 expression. Many such effects occurred within 20 h of treatment. CI treatment activated purified @entity5750 + monocytes and also enhanced the spontaneous activation of purified @entity5750 -/dim iDC in culture. Unfractionated MOMC, purified monocytes, and purified iDC displayed equivalently enhanced T cell-sensitizing efficiency following CI treatment. @entity404 + T cell sensitization to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and @entity405 + T cell sensitization to @entity16524 @entity320 -associated peptide were achieved in a single culture stimulation. Therefore, circulating monocytes and iDC can be induced by CI to manifest properties of activated DC, providing large numbers of efficient, nontransformed autologous APC for T cell sensitization strategies.

title: XXXX ionophore-treated peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells rapidly display characteristics of activated dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Re-establishing tissue homoeostasis in response to injury requires infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of resident stem cells. However, full tissue recovery also requires that the @entity32 is resolved. While it is known that disturbing the interactions between inflammatory cells and tissue resident cells prevents successful healing, the molecular mechanisms underlying the paracrine interactions between these cell types are practically unknown. Here, and in a recent study, we provide mechanistic evidence that macrophages control stem cell-dependent tissue repair. In particular, we found that the temporal spacing of the pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization switch is controlled by the balance of @entity1995 (termed here @entity1995 ) and the MAPK phosphatase @entity17311 during the muscle healing process. Moreover, we demonstrate a new function for @entity17311 -regulated @entity1995 signaling in deactivating macrophages during @entity32 resolution after injury. Specifically, at advanced stages of regeneration, @entity17311 loss caused an unscheduled "exhaustion-like" state in muscle macrophages, in which neither pro- nor anti-inflammatory cytokines are expressed despite persistent tissue damage, leading to dysregulated reparation by the tissue stem cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that @entity1995 and @entity17311 control the @entity1994 pathway through a @entity766 -dependent @entity2370 regulation. Importantly, both genetic and pharmacological interference with the individual components of this pathway restored @entity32 -dependent tissue homeostasis in @entity17311 -deficient @entity19 and delayed @entity32 resolution and tissue repair dysregulation in wild-type @entity19 . Because the process of tolerance to @entity2348 involves a progressive attenuation of pro-inflammatory gene expression, we discuss here the potential similarities between the mechanisms underlying @entity32 resolution during tissue repair and those controlling endotoxin tolerance.

title: XXXX coordinates ordered macrophage-phenotype transitions essential for stem cell-dependent tissue repair.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

answer: @entity17311 :: (19252(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MKP-1']


abstract: Experimental studies have shown the limitation by @entity460 antagonists of the propensity to fibrillation secondary to the occlusion of a large coronary artery. However, this capacity, studied in the acute phase of @entity1188 , is less obvious and still under debate. @entity63 was therefore produced in anesthetized, open-chest @entity1707 by complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery according to two modes, either near its origin during brief but increasing periods (30, 60, 120, 180 s, etc) or half-way from this origin for a much longer time (60 min). The time course of @entity955 was monitored by @entity2224 threshold (VFT), measured by trains of diastolic stimuli of 100 ms. @entity1855 was administered in a 50 micrograms/kg dose followed by 2 micrograms/kg/min infusion. 1) In the case of brief proximal occlusions under pacing at a constant high rate (180 beats/min), @entity1855 slowed the decline of VFT from 6-8 mA to nearly 0 mA. VFT was 4.4 +/- 0.4 mA after 60 s @entity63 , whereas it had already fallen to 1.8 +/- 0.3 mA (p < 0.001) in the absence of the drug. Accordingly, the onset of @entity955 which depends on the decrease in VFT to about 0 mA was prolonged from 2-3 to 6-9 min. @entity1168 , concurrently produced by @entity1855 , is a factor which enhances these alterations. 2) In the case of a persistent midportion occlusion of the artery under sinus rate, fibrillations were similarly delayed by @entity1855 from 14-25 to 23-49 min after occlusion, but they were more numerous. VFT was lowered to critical values later, but also for a longer time. The period propitious to fibrillation was prolonged because the return of VFT to higher values reflecting hypoexcitability subsequent to the first cell injury was substantially delayed. Consequently, @entity460 antagonists should often prevent @entity2224 when transient @entity63 disappears before VFT falls to the vicinity of 0 mA. In contrast, a real benefit could not be expected from these drugs when @entity63 is persistent since they then only delay fibrillations, the number of which is increased.

title: XXXX antagonists and prevention of @entity2224 induced by transient or persistent @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous fibrillation', 'vulnerability to fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Unlike quadrupeds, @entity1 limbs are exposed to differing homeostatic challenges and uses, which results in significant functional heterogeneity between the arms and legs. In these ACSM symposium proceedings, we report findings from three studies with the overall aim of investigating between-limb vascular differences through evaluation of arm (brachial artery) and leg (common, superficial, and deep femoral arteries) limb blood flow (ultrasound Doppler) during isolated-limb-specific exercise and after postcuff occlusion @entity450 . In a study of young, trained cyclists, a substantial conduit vessel vasodilation (deep femoral artery, approximately 9%) was observed during exercise, but responsiveness normalized to shear stimuli was still less than a conduit vessel in the arm. A subsequent aging study did not demonstrate any significant difference in resting leg or arm blood flow between young and old subjects when flow was normalized for muscle mass. However, we observed an approximately 10-15% reduction in exercising leg blood flow and vascular conductance in these older subjects, whereas exercising arm blood flow was similar between age groups. A separate aging study evaluated age-related changes in @entity450 ( @entity450 ), with the older group enrolled in a 6-wk knee-extensor exercise training program. Before training, a significant @entity450 was observed in the arm of young (3 +/- 1%) but not old (1 +/- 1%) subjects, and a significant leg @entity450 was observed in both groups. However, pretraining arm vasodilation was similar between young and old when normalized for shear rate. Exercise training significantly improved arm @entity450 (5 +/- 1%), whereas leg @entity450 was unchanged. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a significant between-limb vascular heterogeneity in @entity1 that is influenced by age and by exercise training.

title: Aging, exercise, and limb vascular heterogeneity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'flow-mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of posterior correction and fixation without anterior fusion for @entity1516 with @entity1513 in @entity1 with @entity1691 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior fusion is the current surgical treatment for @entity1516 with @entity1513 in @entity1691 . The unique characteristic in @entity1691 is the superior ability to bridge and fuse the large anterior opening-wedge gap created by posterior osteotomy to correct the @entity1513 without anterior fusion after the osteotomy site is adequately fixed. This ability may persist even if @entity1516 is present. METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1691 (mean age 41.7 years, range 29-55) underwent posterior correction and fixation without anterior fusion to treat @entity1516 with @entity1513 . Mean follow-up was 4.7 years (range 2.2-9.1). Radiographic and clinical results and complications were assessed. RESULTS: Local @entity1513 was substantially corrected from 45.5 degrees (range 37 degrees-68 degrees) to 7.5 degrees (0 degrees-14 degrees), with a mean correction of 38 degrees. All @entity1 had no evidence of nonunion on x-ray at the level of the @entity1516 at final follow-up. None had a notable loss of correction. No major complication occurred. There were 3 @entity1 with @entity51 who had postoperative improvement. CONCLUSION: Posterior correction and fixation is effective for treating @entity1516 with @entity1513 in @entity1691 . No anterior fusion procedure was necessary.

title: Posterior correction and fixation without anterior fusion for @entity1516 with kyphotic deformity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess quantitatively, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the synovial membrane volume in second to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in @entity1 with @entity309 and healthy controls, and to compare the synovial membrane volumes with a more easily obtained semi-quantitative score for @entity1184 synovial membrane. @entity1 AND METHODS: MCP joints of the dominant hand of 37 @entity1 and five controls were examined clinically and by MRI. Laboratory assessments were performed. RESULTS: Median synovial membrane volumes were considerably larger in clinically active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) joints (e.g. 0.97 ml in the second MCP joint) than in clinically inactive joints (0.54 ml) and control joints (0.04 ml). Nevertheless, group distributions overlapped and marked volume differences were found within clinically uniform groups. The semi-quantitative score was highly correlated with the synovial volumes (Spearman rho = 0.79; P < 0.00001). Synovial membrane volumes were poorly related to the presence of rheumatoid factor and to laboratory markers of @entity32 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that synovial membrane volumes, as determined by MRI, in finger joints are related to clinical signs of @entity603 , but also that the volumes may vary more than what can be accounted for by the clinical appearances. A semi-quantitative score may be sufficient for more routine purposes.

title: Finger joint @entity603 in XXXX : quantitative assessment by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Samar and Parasnis [Samar, V. J., _ Parasnis, I. (2005). Dorsal stream deficits suggest hidden @entity5545 among deaf poor readers: correlated evidence from reduced perceptual speed and elevated coherent motion detection thresholds. Brain and Cognition, 58, 300-311.] reported that correlated measures of coherent motion detection and perceptual speed predicted reading comprehension in deaf young adults. Because deficits in coherent motion detection have been associated with @entity5545 in the hearing population, and because coherent motion detection is strongly dependent on extrastriate cortical area MT, these results are consistent with the claim that hidden @entity5545 occurs within the deaf population and is associated with deficits in MT. However, coherent motion detection can also be influenced by @entity51 in both magnocellular and parvocellular pathways. To confirm the putative cortical locus of coherent motion perception deficits, we measured contrast thresholds for detecting the direction of movement of drifting sine wave gratings in the same @entity1 group as [Samar, V. J., _ Parasnis, I. (2005). Dorsal stream deficits suggest hidden @entity5545 among deaf poor readers: correlated evidence from reduced perceptual speed and elevated coherent motion detection thresholds. Brain and Cognition, 58, 300-311.], under stimulus conditions that selectively biased for input from the subcortical magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, respectively. Contrast thresholds were not related to reading comprehension performance under either the magnocellular or parvocellular conditions. Furthermore, the previously reported correlations among reading comprehension, coherent motion thresholds, and perceptual speed remained significant even after contrast thresholds and non-verbal IQ were controlled in partial correlation analyses. In addition, coherent motion detection thresholds were found to correlate specifically with a reading-IQ discrepancy score, one commonly used indicator of @entity5545 . These results provide direct psychophysical evidence that the previously reported deficit in coherent motion detection in deaf poor readers does not involve subcortical pathway deficits, but rather is associated with a cortical deficit likely involving area MT. They also strengthen the argument for the existence of hidden @entity5545 in the deaf adult population.

title: Cortical locus of coherent XXXX in deaf poor readers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical deficits']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['motion deficits']


abstract: We used @entity1 fetal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hfMSCs) differentiating towards chondrocytes as an alternative model for the @entity1 growth plate (GP). Our aims were to study gene expression patterns associated with chondrogenic differentiation to assess whether chondrocytes derived from hfMSCs are a suitable model for studying the development and maturation of the GP. hfMSCs efficiently formed hyaline cartilage in a pellet culture in the presence of @entity1934 and @entity11673 . Microarray and principal component analysis were applied to study gene expression profiles during chondrogenic differentiation. A set of 232 genes was found to correlate with in vitro cartilage formation. Several identified genes are known to be involved in cartilage formation and validate the robustness of the differentiating hfMSC model. KEGG pathway analysis using the 232 genes revealed 9 significant signaling pathways correlated with cartilage formation. To determine the progression of growth plate cartilage formation, we compared the gene expression profile of differentiating hfMSCs with previously established expression profiles of @entity851 . As differentiation towards chondrocytes proceeds, hfMSCs gradually obtain a gene expression profile resembling @entity851 . We visualized the differences in gene expression profiles as protein interaction clusters and identified many protein clusters that are activated during the early chondrogenic differentiation of hfMSCs showing the potential of this system to study GP development.

title: Fetal mesenchymal stromal cells differentiating towards chondrocytes acquire a gene expression profile resembling XXXX growth plate cartilage.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['epiphyseal GP cartilage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity-associated @entity105 is postulated to be mediated through the proliferative actions of @entity2690 and the @entity2690 -like growth factor (IGF) family. The aim of this study was to determine whether the insulin/ @entity442 pathway is involved in the sequential progression from metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) to @entity1141 to @entity420 ( @entity420 ). METHODS: Fasting serum levels of @entity2690 , @entity413 , @entity442 , @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ), and @entity2301 were measured in 44 non-dysplastic, 9 low-grade @entity1141 (LGD), 12 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), and 10 @entity420 subjects. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue derived from BE cases using rabbit monoclonal antibodies to p- @entity1 target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) and p-AKT, mouse monoclonal antibody to Ki-67, and rabbit polyclonal antibody to @entity10175 ( @entity10175 ). RESULTS: Nineteen of 44 (43.2%) BE, 5/9 (55%) LGD, 8/12 (66.7%) @entity1893 and @entity420 7/10 (70%) cases showed strong staining for p- @entity10175 . A significantly higher proportion of @entity1893 / @entity420 subjects showed p- @entity10175 staining when compared with BE/LGD subjects, 63.6% vs. 41.5%, P<0.05. p- @entity10175 immunostaining was moderately correlated with strong immunostaining of the downstream mediators p-AKT and p- @entity3470 (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.167 and 0.27 for p- @entity10175 /p-AKT and for p- @entity10175 /p- @entity3470 , respectively) and the proliferation marker Ki-67 (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.20, P=0.09). However, systemic levels of @entity2690 , @entity442 , or @entity5100 were not associated with tissue immunostaining of p- @entity10175 . CONCLUSIONS: Activation of the @entity29227 pathway in BE may be associated with cellular proliferation and appears to have a role in the progression from metaplasia to @entity5 . The activation of the @entity29227 pathway at the tissue level is likely complex and does not have a simple association with systemic measures of @entity2690 or @entity442 .

title: @entity29227 Pathway in Barrett's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['IRS1', 'p-insulin receptor substrate 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['insulin growth factor binding protein-1', 'IGFBP1']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['Carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Submacular membranectomy has been proposed as a treatment option for subfoveal @entity1940 ( @entity1940 ). The authors reviewed the visual outcomes of @entity1 who underwent surgical @entity1940 caused by @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (38 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed. Selection criteria included: (1) the presence of a well-demarcated subfoveal CNVM on @entity941 angiography; (2) best-corrected Snellen visual acuity reduced to the level of 20/200 or worse; and (3) no other @entity2194 that could compromise visual acuity. Pars plana vitrectomy, retinotomy, and membrane removal were performed to remove the subfoveal @entity1940 complex with minimal disruption of the surrounding tissues. A significant change was defined as a two-line difference from best-corrected preoperative visual acuity on the Snellen chart. RESULTS: At 3 months postoperatively, 7 (18.4%) of the 38 eyes had improved, 8 (21.1%) of the eyes had worsened, and 23 (60.5%) of the eyes had remained unchanged. The final visual acuity improved in 8 (21.1%) of the eyes, worsened in 11 (28.9%) of the eyes, and remained unchanged in 19 (50%) of the eyes. The average follow-up time was 632 days. CONCLUSIONS: The authors employed a minimally invasive approach to the removal of @entity1940 in @entity1020 . Nevertheless, the resultant visual acuity was often unsatisfactory. Therefore, the authors recommend not operating on @entity1020 -associated subfoveal @entity1940 with the current technology.

title: Visual results after submacular surgery for neovascularization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['CNVMs', 'removal of subfoveal CNVMs', 'choroidal neovascular membranes', 'choroidal neovascular']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age-related macular degeneration', 'ARMD']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']