abstract: Activation (in the following referred to as firing) of replication origins is a continuous and irreversible process regulated by availability of DNA replication molecules and cyclin-dependent kinase activities, which are often altered in @entity1 @entity5 . The temporal, progressive origin firing throughout S phase appears as a characteristic replication profile, and computational models have been developed to describe this process. Although evidence from @entity375 to @entity1 indicates that a range of replication fork rates is observed experimentally in order to complete a timely S phase, those models incorporate velocities that are uniform across the genome. Taking advantage of the availability of replication profiles, chromosomal position and replication timing, here we investigated how fork rate may affect origin firing in budding @entity375 . Our analysis suggested that patterns of origin firing can be observed from a modulation of the fork rate that strongly correlates with origin density. Replication profiles of chromosomes with a low origin density were fitted with a variable fork rate, whereas for the ones with a high origin density a constant fork rate was appropriate. This indeed supports the previously reported correlation between inter-origin distance and fork rate changes. Intriguingly, the calculated correlation between fork rate and timing of origin firing allowed the estimation of firing efficiencies for the replication origins. This approach correctly retrieved origin efficiencies previously determined for chromosome VI and provided testable prediction for other chromosomal origins. Our results gain deeper insights into the temporal coordination of genome duplication, indicating that control of the replication fork rate is required for the timely origin firing during S phase.

title: A variable fork rate affects timing of origin firing and S phase dynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: 76 cases of secondary @entity2590 (sMDS) and @entity981 (sANLL) were cytogenetically analyzed. Among the 36 sMDS @entity1 , 13 (36%) had only normal karyotypes whereas 23 (64%) displayed @entity2008 . The most common aberrations were -7, 5q-, -5, and +8. In 10 @entity1 (43% of the cytogenetically aberrant cases), clones with @entity154 , mostly 5q- or -7, were found. Of the 40 sANLL @entity1 , normal karyotypes were detected in 10 (25%). Among the 30 (75%) abnormal cases, the most frequent aberrations were -7, -5, +8, 7q-, -17, and +21. 12 @entity1 (40%) had clones with @entity854 , most often -7. In 4 sANLL @entity1 cytogenetically unrelated clones were detected. A survey of all previously published secondary @entity1503 reveals that the most frequent abnormalities in sMDS are -7 (41%), 5q- (28%), and -5 (11%), followed by der(21q), +8, 7q-, der(12p), t(1;7), -12, -17, der(17p), @entity40118 ), der(6p), and -18. Clones with single aberrations have been found in 45% of the cases and cytogenetically unrelated clones have been described in 6%. The most common abnormalities in sANLL are -7 (38%), 5q- (17%), -5 (15%), +8 (13%), and -17 (11%), followed by der(3q), der(11q), der(12p), -21, 7q-, -18, @entity40118 ), der(17p), +21, der(21q), der(6p), and -16. 38% of the sANLL @entity1 have had clones with only one aberration and 3% have had unrelated clones. The frequencies of these nonrandom abnormalities in sMDS and sANLL are thus remarkably similar - the only exception appears to be 5q-, which is more common in sMDS. Also the mean number of abnormalities per case is similar - 5.3 in sMDS and 5.6 in sANLL. When the incidences of characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities were correlated with the type of previous therapy, -7 was found to be more frequent in sMDS and sANLL @entity1 who had been exposed to chemotherapy whereas 5q- was associated with previous exposure to ionizing radiation in sMDS @entity1 .

title: Cytogenetics of secondary XXXX (sMDS) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (sANLL).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['only one anomaly']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['single abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: In previous experiments it was shown that repeated mechanical or immunologic injury to the arterial intima of normally fed @entity95 induced lesions morphologically identical with @entity1 @entity731 . These regressed in size and lipid content when the injury stimulus was removed. By contrast, repeated injury directed to removal of only the endothelial layer induced lesions in which lipid accumulated in areas of endothelial regeneration and increased with time. In the present report the lesions associated with multiple and with a single episode of endothelial removal, using a Fogarty balloon catheter, are compared. Lipid accumulates in areas of endothelial regrowth following one @entity130 and is similar in amount to that at comparable time intervals following the first of @entity661 of the endothelium. There is much more lipid in areas of endothelial regrowth than in areas that remain uncovered by endothelium, the lipid tends to increase with time, and there is more lipid in the abdominal aortic than in the @entity2333 . A correlation was found between lipid content and @entity75 , especially in response to multiple removals of the endothelium. Multiple removals resulted in thicker lesions than a single injury. There appeared to be a positive relationship between the level of blood @entity165 and the amount of lipid deposited in areas of endothelial regrowth. This is consistent with trapping of low density lipoprotein by glycosaminoglycans in the @entity8233 covered by regenerated endothelium.

title: Lipid accumulation in the @entity8233 formed in normally fed XXXX in response to one or six removals of the aortic endothelium.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['thickness of lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['multiple balloon removals']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the outcome of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) in treating @entity5055 . Methods. @entity1 with @entity5055 or entropion with short tarsus were treated by @entity9762 between February 2009 and November 2013. This included splitting of the lid margin behind the aberrant lash line to separate the lid lamellae. The anterior lamella was recessed and fixated using 4/0 silk sutures. The extra lashes and their routes were excised. Sutures were removed by the 3rd week and @entity1 completed 6 months of follow-up. Recurrence of  <=5 lashes was treated by electrolysis. Results. The study included 752 eyelids (445 @entity1 ; 58.4% females, 41.6% males), mean age 53.2    6.9   y. 179 (25.1%) lids had entropion while 287 (64.5%) @entity1 had corneal affection. By the third week, 2.66% lid had @entity5055 while 30.8% had no rubbing lashes. By the 6th month, 14.9% of lids showed recurrence while 66.1% were completely cured (CI = 0.63-0.69) and 19% had partial success (CI = 0.16-0.21). Abnormal lid appearance persisted in 2.66% and 12.9% required another surgery. Conclusion. @entity9762 is a good option for treating @entity5055 especially without @entity4548 . Excision of @entity6349 is thought to augment the surgical outcome.

title: Short term outcome of @entity9762 in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['cicatricial entropion']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis', 'trachomatous trichiasis']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['ALR', 'anterior lamellar reposition']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lashes']

answer: @entity5055 :: (MESH:D058457,Disease) :: ['trachomatous trichiasis']


abstract: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is of serious economic concern for @entity3505 and @entity4336 production, but little is known about the virus-like causal agent. In the field, @entity66 is often associated with @entity31667 (WSMV) and both pathogens are transmitted by the same eriophyid @entity3505 curl @entity6711 Keifer. The objective of this study was to develop methods for establishing and maintaining @entity66 -transmitting @entity3505 curl mite colonies for their use in studies on @entity66 . Towards this goal, mite colonies from a @entity325 source were separated into colonies either (i). not viruliferous; (ii). only transmitting WSMV; or (iii). only transmitting @entity66 . Maintenance of these colonies required strictly separated incubator facilities and adaptation of mite-suitable transfer techniques to permit frequent passages of mites to healthy plants. The established colonies provided reliable sources of infective material to study the progression of @entity66 and/or WSMV in plants using sensitive immuno-detection assays. In conclusion, we have developed reliable methods with a poorly studied arthropod vector to examine the biology and properties of a new @entity1800 .

title: Colony establishment and maintenance of the eriophyid XXXX curl @entity6711 for controlled transmission studies on a new virus-like pathogen.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPD', 'High plains disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['virus-like disease']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['mite, Aceria tosichella']

entities_list: @entity31667 :: ('31741', 'Species') :: ['Wheat streak mosaic virus']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: AIMS: @entity453 are frequently identified in adult and pediatric populations and they have been associated with various clinical and morphological features. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical and coronary angiographic morphological characteristics of adult @entity1 with congenital solitary @entity13808 in the Dutch Registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity13808 were reviewed for clinical evaluation, used non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tools and treatment modalities. Unilateral @entity13808 were predominant (80%) and 84% of the @entity1 were symptomatic. The most common presenting symptom was @entity951 (57%). @entity951 was present in a quarter of the @entity1 in the absence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Significant @entity453 was present in 49% of the @entity1 . Twenty-nine percent of the @entity13808 showed aneurysmal formation, underlying their potential hazard of @entity397 . @entity583 occurred in 18% of the @entity1 . In 27% of @entity13808 multiplicity of the origin was found and nearly all @entity292 were tortuous (97%). Treatment modalities were conservative medical in 70%, percutaneous transluminal embolisation in 5% and surgical ligation in 25% of the cases. Multiple micro- @entity292 from the coronary arteries to the left ventricle were excluded from the study. CONCLUSION: In this national survey series, congenital solitary @entity13808 can be presented with typical @entity951 in the absence of obstructive @entity453 . Fistula-related coronary artery was infrequently involved in the development of ipsilateral @entity583 . Tortuousity and multiplicity of the @entity13808 may determine, for the individual @entity1 , the choice of the currently available treatment modalities.

title: Dutch survey of coronary artery @entity292 in adults: congenital solitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina pectoris', 'angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'Congenital coronary artery fistulas', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: Since 1979 several reports of contact @entity110 due to natural latex have been well documented. Recent case reports suggest that @entity2490 and @entity565 may also be due to rubber exposure. We describe an operating room nurse who was exposed at work to natural rubber (latex) due to the use of latex surgical gloves. After 25 years, she developed contact @entity110 , @entity7370 and acute @entity565 following the handling of rubber gloves for surgical purposes. She was symptom-free when on vacation. Skin prick testing demonstrated an immediate skin reaction to latex. Rub testing with surgical gloves was positive. Specific IgE antibodies to latex were found by indirect ELISA. Specific bronchial challenge with latex extract elicited an isolated immediate asthmatic reaction that was inhibited with cromolyn @entity1372 pretreatment. Patch testing to common rubber additives was negative. These results suggest that latex present in surgical rubber gloves and probably acting as inhalant allergen may produce @entity7446 in exposed subjects, probably by means of an IgE-mediated mechanism.

title: XXXX due to latex surgical gloves.

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['Occupational asthma']


abstract: Peritubular cells that surround the seminiferous tubules have been shown to produce a paracrine factor, termed P-Mod-S, that has dramatic effects on Sertoli cell function in vitro and is postulated to be important in the control of testicular function. The current study was designed to determine whether P-Mod-S has the ability to regulate Sertoli cell function during pubertal development. Sertoli cells were isolated from 10-, 20-, and 35-day-old @entity35 which correspond to the prepubertal, mid-pubertal, and late pubertal stages of development. Histochemical analysis of cultured cells isolated from each age group was performed to establish the purity of the cell populations used. Testicular @entity2594 production by Sertoli cells was used as a marker of cellular differentiation. Basal production of @entity2594 by the cultured cells was found to increase during the pubertal period. P-Mod-S stimulated @entity2594 production by Sertoli cells isolated from 10-, 20-, and 35-day-old @entity35 . FSH appears to enhance the ability of Sertoli cells to respond to P-Mod-S with cells obtained from 10-day-old @entity35 . Sertoli cells from 35-day-old @entity35 were nonresponsive to regulatory agents such as FSH. P-Mod-S alone, however, significantly stimulated @entity2594 production by Sertoli cells from this more adult stage of development. P-Mod-S was the only individual regulatory agent tested that could stimulate @entity2594 production by Sertoli cells from 35-day-old @entity35 . Results indicate that P-Mod-S has the ability to regulate Sertoli cell function throughout pubertal development. Observations suggest that P-Mod-S and FSH may act together in the prepubertal testis to promote Sertoli cell differentiation and that P-Mod-S may act in the adult testis to maintain optimal Sertoli cell function and differentiation.

title: Actions of the testicular paracrine factor (P-Mod-S) on Sertoli cell XXXX secretion throughout pubertal development.

answer: @entity2594 :: (24825(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by the abnormal proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in increased production of a self-aggregating form of beta amyloid (Ab). Several lines of work on @entity195 @entity1 and @entity19 with high Ab levels exhibit altered rhythmicity, aberrant neuronal network activity and hyperexcitability reflected in clusters of hyperactive neurons, and spontaneous @entity302 activity. Recent studies highlight that abnormal accumulation of Ab changes intrinsic properties of inhibitory neurons, which is one of the main reasons underlying the impaired network activity. However, specific cellular mechanisms leading to @entity409 are not completely understood. Using extended Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) formalism in conjunction with patch-clamp experiments, we investigate the mechanisms leading to the impaired activity of interneurons. Our detailed analysis indicates that increased @entity4024 leak explains several observations in inhibitory neurons, including their failure to reliably produce action potentials, smaller action potential amplitude, increased resting membrane potential, and higher membrane depolarization in response to a range of stimuli in a model of APPSWE/PSEN1DeltaE9 (APdE9) @entity195 @entity19 as compared to age-matched control @entity19 . While increasing the conductance of hyperpolarization activated @entity8614 -gated (HCN) ion channel could account for most of the observations, the extent of increase required to reproduce these observations render such changes unrealistic. Furthermore, increasing the conductance of HCN does not account for the observed changes in depolarizability of interneurons from APdE9 @entity19 as compared to those from NTG @entity19 . None of the other pathways tested could lead to all observations about @entity409 . Thus we conclude that upregulated @entity1372 leak is the most likely source of impaired interneuronal function.

title: Analyzing and Modeling the Dysfunction of Inhibitory Neurons in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['interneuronal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8614 :: ('D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 of ovary were treated with 4 cycles of @entity900 , @entity1732 and @entity5713 ( @entity7297 ) chemotherapy (CT). All @entity1 had undergone prior surgery: hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + omentectomy-5, salpingo-oophorectomy + debulking surgery-10 and biopsy alone in 2 @entity1 . Four of seventeen @entity1 had relapsed earlier and received @entity7297 as second line therapy. FIGO staging revealed: stage IIB in one, III C in 12 and stage IV in 4 @entity1 . Gross @entity66 (> 2 cm) was present in 13 @entity1 . The most common cell types were @entity5 -5, immature teratoma-5, @entity1466 and @entity5 in one @entity1 each. Twelve @entity1 (70.5%) achieved significant response; complete response-11, partial response in one @entity1 . The common side effects of CT were @entity390 / @entity391 , myelosuppression, @entity221 , @entity33 , @entity294 and @entity1665 . One @entity1 died due to CT @entity137 . Three complete responders underwent second look surgery and were found free of disease. This study confirms that @entity7297 is an effective combination in the treatment of advanced and recurrent germ cell @entity5 of ovary and can be given over brief period. The @entity137 of the regimen is moderate.

title: @entity900 , XXXX and @entity1732 in advanced and relapsed germ cell @entity5 of ovary.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma-5, endodermal sinus tumour', 'tumours', 'mixed germ cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the number of @entity4512 sites in adults with @entity306 , to correlate these with physical and mental components of health-related quality of life, and to describe changes in @entity158 site prevalence over 7 years and the factors improving or worsening the @entity158 . DESIGN: Seven-year follow-up of a national survey of adults with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). SUBJECTS/ @entity1 : A total of 149 @entity1 : 46% spastic bilateral @entity306 , 54% unilateral @entity306 , 51% females, mean age 40 years. METHODS: @entity158 sites were recorded and physical and mental component summaries computed using Short Form 36. RESULTS: The median number of @entity158 sites was 3. The mental components showed little, if any correlation (r=   -0.08), but the physical components correlated negatively with the number of @entity158 sites (r=   -0.36). Back, neck and foot/ @entity158 were most common, with an increased prevalence of @entity4048 . A higher prevalence of hip and foot/ @entity158 was found in spastic bilateral @entity306 , and for all @entity158 sites in females. Exertion and physiotherapy were the most important factors for increased and reduced @entity158 , respectively. CONCLUSION: In contrast to the general population, there was hardly any correlation between the number of @entity158 sites and @entity458 . Improved @entity158 management, evidence-based physiotherapy and rehabilitation programmes with a life-span perspective are recommended.

title: Physical and mental components of health-related quality of life and XXXX sites over seven years in adults with @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: When @entity1 blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were incubated with heat-killed bacteria, proliferation of MNC was observed 5 days after stimulation, showing a peak on day 7. Interestingly, the bioassay of the culture supernatant and Northern blot analysis of mRNA demonstrated that no @entity1199 production was associated with these proliferative responses. The induced lymphoblasts consisted predominantly of TCR gamma delta + (22.4 +/- 9.3%) and TCR gamma delta-CD2+CD3-(33.2 +/- 11.8%) double negative lymphocytes (n = 10), which were initially minor populations (less than 10%) in freshly isolated MNC. The prominent induction of TCR gamma delta + cells was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. TCR gamma delta + cells induced by bacterial stimulation seemed to generate from lymphocytes lacking the apparent expression of gamma delta TCR. The inducing capability for double negative cells is present in a large number of species of bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria. Gel filtration analysis of ultrasonicated filtrates of @entity794 and @entity4195 revealed that a substance with an Mr of 25-26 kd could be substituted for whole bacterial particles in the cell proliferative responses. In contrast to the @entity1131 ( @entity1131 )-induced response, the response described here was inducible in the cord blood of neonates who had not yet been exposed to the corresponding @entity2348 . The physicochemical properties of the sonicated filtrates were different from those of @entity1131 . These results suggested that the present phenomenon may be nonspecific, polyclonal (or oligoclonal) activation of TCR gamma delta + and TCR gamma delta -CD2+CD3- cells by bacterial stimulation.

title: Induction of XXXX TCR gamma delta + and TCR gamma delta-CD2+CD3- double negative lymphocytes by bacterial stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['purified protein derivative', 'PPD']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the behavior of moderate @entity75 was more like that of severe @entity75 , while severe @entity1141 was very different from @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). @entity2735 should be managed more aggressively than the other lesions. Mild @entity1141 could not be viewed as a precancerous lesion of the larynx. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the possibilities of the @entity1613 of larynx (including @entity6348 , moderate @entity1141 , severe @entity1141 , and @entity2735 ) progressing to invasive @entity189 and to highlight the importance of adequate management and follow-up strategies for these @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 who had these preinvasive lesions in the larynx over a 10-year period was performed. RESULTS: These @entity1 were followed for a minimum period of 2 years from the initial diagnosis. In all, 86 @entity1 were identified the cohort. Of these, 17 (19.8%) @entity1 developed @entity189 : 0 of 22 with @entity6348 , 5 of 25 (20%) with moderate @entity1141 , 2 of 14 (15%) with severe @entity1141 , and 10 of 25 (40%) @entity1 with @entity2735 progressed to invasive @entity5 (p = 0.001). Over 50% of cases progressed 3 years after the original biopsy. Only 1 of 86 (1%) died of the disease.

title: Is severe @entity1141 the same lesion as XXXX ? 10-Year follow-up of laryngeal @entity1613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6348 :: ('MESH:C535775', 'Disease') :: ['mild dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 ( @entity63 ) is an important cause of neonatal @entity1545 and subsequent @entity32 affects neurological outcome. In this study we performed investigations of systemic and local activation states of inflammatory cells from innate and adaptive immunity at different time points after neonatal @entity63 @entity1545 in @entity19 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a multiplex flow cytometry based method combined with immunohistochemistry to investigate cellular immune responses in the brain 24 h to 7 months after @entity63 @entity1545 . In addition, functional studies of ex vivo splenocytes after @entity2806 were performed. Both central and peripheral activation of @entity3804 (+) and @entity11805 (+) antigen presenting cells were seen with expression of the costimulatory molecule @entity11787 and @entity8200 , indicating active antigen presentation in the damaged hemisphere and in the spleen. After one week, na  ve @entity8236 rb(+) T-lymphocytes were demonstrated in the damaged brain hemisphere. In a second phase after three months, pronounced activation of @entity8236 rb(-) T-lymphocytes expressing @entity26490 and @entity3783 was seen in the damaged hemisphere. Brain homogenate induced proliferation in splenocytes after @entity63 but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings demonstrate activation of both local and systemic immune responses months after @entity2806 . The long term immune activation observed is of general importance for future studies of the inflammatory response after @entity1545 as most previous studies have focused on the first few weeks after damage, while the effects of the late @entity32 phase may be missed. Furthermore, the self-reactive component raises the question if there is a correlation with development of @entity792 later in life.

title: Long lasting local and systemic XXXX after @entity2806 in newborn @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischemic neonatal brain injury', 'cerebral hypoxic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['HI', 'Hypoxic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune brain disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Care for many chronic health conditions is delivered by both specialists and generalists. Differences in @entity1 ' quality of care and management between generalists and specialists have been well documented for @entity565 , whereas a few studies for @entity1030 reported no differences. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare consistency with Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines, as well as rate, health care utilization, and hospital outcomes of severe @entity697 ( @entity697 ) of @entity1030 @entity1 managed by pulmonologists and internists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a 12-month prospective, comparative observational study among 208 @entity1030 @entity1 who were regularly managed by pulmonologists (Group A) and internists (Group B). Clinical data, health care utilization, and hospital outcomes of the two groups were statistically compared. RESULTS: Out of 208 enrolled @entity1 , 137 (Group A) and 71 (Group B) were managed by pulmonologists and internists, respectively. Pharmacological treatment corresponding to disease severity stages between the two groups was not statistically different. Group A received care consistent with guidelines in terms of annual influenza vaccination (31.4% vs 9.9%, P<0.001) and pulmonary rehabilitation (24.1% vs 0%, P<0.001) greater than Group B. Group A had reduced rates (12.4% vs 23.9%, P=0.033) and numbers of severe @entity697 (0.20  0.63 @entity1 -years vs 0.41  0.80 @entity1 -years, P=0.029). Among @entity1 with severe @entity697 requiring mechanical ventilation, Group A had reduced mechanical ventilator duration (1.5 [1-7] days vs 5 [3-29] days, P=0.005), hospital length of stay (3.5 [1-20] days vs 16 [6-29] days, P=0.012), and total hospital cost ( 863 [247-2,496] vs  2,095 [763-6,792], P=0.049) as compared with Group B. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that pulmonologists followed national @entity1030 guidelines more closely than internists. The rates and frequencies of severe @entity697 were significantly lower in @entity1 managed by pulmonologists, and length of hospital stay and cost were significantly lower among the @entity1 with severe @entity697 who required mechanical ventilation.

title: Comparative study on health care utilization and hospital outcomes of severe @entity697 of XXXX managed by pulmonologists vs internists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'acute exacerbation']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: We have provided evidence for a critical role of @entity4663 in the growth of the hormone-responsive @entity7045 ( @entity7045 )-induced @entity35 mammary @entity5 in vitro. The present experiments were designed to test whether @entity4663 are involved in the growth of this experimental @entity5 in vivo. To test this hypothesis, groups of @entity35 bearing NMU-induced mammary @entity5 were randomly allocated to receive no treatment or escalating doses of the @entity4664 biosynthesis inhibitor @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ) (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% in drinking water). DFMO inhibited @entity5 growth in a dose-dependent fashion and consistently reduced @entity5 putrescine level. To evaluate the time dependency of this effect, additional groups of @entity35 received either no treatment or 2% DFMO for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. At all times DFMO suppressed @entity5 putrescine level as well as @entity11667 to @entity8037 ratio. Finally, exogenous administration of @entity7224 (200 mg/kg/i.p./day x 21 days) given concomitantly with DFMO restored @entity5 growth, partially repleted @entity5 putrescine level, and raised the @entity11667 to @entity8037 ratio to control levels. @entity7224 , given alone, had no significant effect on either @entity5 @entity4664 levels or @entity5 growth. Except for modest @entity353 , no major @entity137 was encountered. These results indicate that @entity4663 play an important role in the growth of the NMU @entity35 mammary @entity5 in vivo. The interaction between @entity4663 and hormones in supporting NMU mammary @entity5 growth in vivo remains to be elucidated.

title: Role of XXXX in the growth of hormone-responsive experimental breast cancer in vivo.

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['NMU', 'N-nitrosomethyl-urea']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['Putrescine', 'putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine', 'DFMO']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality-of-care indicators have been developed for @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 . However, little is known about current rates of conformity with these indicators or their variability across hospitals. METHODS: Data from 81 142 admissions occurring between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, at 223 academic and non-academic hospitals in the United States participating in the Acute Decompensated @entity712 National Registry (ADHERE) were analyzed. Rates of conformity with the 4 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations core performance measures--discharge instructions ( @entity4050 ), assessment of left ventricular function ( @entity4050 ), use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity1002 (HF-3), and smoking cessation counseling (HF-4)--as well as length of stay and in-hospital mortality rates were computed. RESULTS: Across all hospitals, the median rates of conformity with @entity4050 , @entity4050 , HF-3, and HF-4 were 24.0%, 86.2%, 72.0%, and 43.2%, respectively. Rates of conformity at individual hospitals varied from 0% to 100%, with statistically significant differences between academic and non-academic hospitals. Statistically significant positive independent predictors of overall conformity included the prevalence of comorbidities and the use of more intense pharmacologic management. Median hospital length of stay varied from 2.3 to 9.5 days, and in-hospital mortality varied from 0% to 11.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitals providing care for @entity1 with @entity712 , there is significant individual variability in conformity to quality-of-care indicators and clinical outcomes and a substantial gap in overall performance. Establishing educational initiatives and quality improvement systems to reduce this variability and eliminate this gap would be expected to substantially improve the care of these @entity1 .

title: Adherence to XXXX quality-of-care indicators in US hospitals: analysis of the ADHERE Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of fenestrated @entity439 repair (F-EVAR) was evaluated. METHODS: Between February 2003 and December 2006, 45 @entity1 (median age 73 (range 53-85) years) underwent primary (41) or secondary (four) F-EVAR for an @entity1028 with infrarenal neck anatomy unsuitable for a standard stent-graft. Median @entity439 diameter was 68 (range 55-100) mm and median infrarenal aortic neck length was 6 (range 0-13) mm. Customized fenestrated Zenith stent-grafts were employed in all procedures, incorporating fenestrations to preserve flow into renal (80), superior mesenteric (35) and coeliac (two) arteries. Eighty-two target vessels were stented (61 bare metal, 21 covered). RESULTS: All @entity439 were isolated successfully, with preservation of the target vessels. One @entity8 was lost. One @entity1 died after 5 days from @entity583 , and another at 3 months from multiorgan failure secondary to @entity11986 . At median follow-up of 24 (range 1-48) months, all @entity439 were stable or shrinking, with no late @entity397 or graft-related @entity1070 . Six @entity1 required a secondary intervention. The primary vessel patency rate was 96.6 per cent. There were four late deaths, unrelated to the @entity439 . CONCLUSION: F-EVAR enabled successful treatment of @entity449 with a low complication rate.

title: Fenestrated endovascular repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['accessory renal artery']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['juxtarenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity11986 :: ('MESH:D017700', 'Disease') :: ['atheroembolism']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['juxtarenal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: We performed a long-term follow-up study of 11 @entity1 with @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) who received maintenance treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). @entity1 were treated initially with one full course of IVIg (0.4 g/kg for 5 days) followed by one IVIg infusion (0.4 g/kg) every week. During follow-up, the frequency and dosage of IVIg infusions were determined for each @entity1 and ranged from one infusion every 1 to 7 weeks and an average dose of 7 to 48 g per week. During the 4- to 8-year follow-up period, muscle strength was assessed by measuring the MRC (Medical Research Council) sumscore of 20 muscle groups and by performing hand-held dynamometry on a selection of weak muscle groups. Systematic electrophysiological studies were performed before treatment and each year during IVIg maintenance treatment. Disability was assessed with the upper limb and lower limb subscales of the Guy's @entity16 Scale before treatment, after the first full course of IVIg and at the last follow-up examination. Muscle strength improved significantly within 3 weeks of the start of IVIg treatment and was still significantly better at the last follow-up examination than before treatment, even though it decreased slightly and significantly during the follow-up period. @entity3140 was significantly better after the first full course of IVIg than before treatment. Conduction @entity616 disappeared in six nerve segments but new conduction @entity616 appeared in eight nerve segments during the follow-up period. Changes consistent with improvement (remyelination or reinnervation) occurred in 13 nerves during follow-up and changes consistent with worsening ( @entity17 or @entity393 ) occurred in 14 nerves. Electrophysiological changes consistent with improvement were significantly associated with the presence of conduction @entity616 before IVIg treatment. In conclusion, IVIg maintenance treatment has a beneficial long-term effect on muscle strength and @entity3140 but may not prevent a slight decrease in muscle strength. The electrophysiological findings imply that IVIg treatment favourably influences the mechanisms of remyelination or reinnervation but that @entity393 cannot be prevented.

title: XXXX : long-term clinical and electrophysiological assessment of intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disability']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb disability', 'Upper limb disability']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axon loss']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Multifocal motor neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity715 formation during endovascular embolization of @entity438 occurs in 2.9%-6% of @entity1 . Use of IIb/IIIA inhibitors such as abciximab or eptifibatide intravenously has been reported in management of this complication. Because the intra-arterial infusion of IIb/IIIA inhibitors may require lower doses to achieve thrombolysis, it may reduce the risk of @entity548 . Therefore, we retrospectively analyze our database and review the literature. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired database of @entity1 with @entity1756 treated intra-arterially for @entity715 formation during endovascular coil embolization between July 2005 and August 2008. @entity1 demographics, aneurysmal characteristics, procedural, clinical outcome and complications were recorded. RESULTS: From July 2005 to August 2008, out of 184 @entity1 who underwent coil embolization, 19 @entity1 (15 smokers, 14 female, mean age 52) developed intraprocedural @entity715 formation and received intra-arterial abciximab treatment. Mean @entity439 size was 6.6 mm  4.9 mm; neck size was 3.8 mm  2.1 mm. Eight (42.1%) @entity439 were @entity397 . Most @entity439 (63.1%) were in anterior communicating and middle cerebral arteries. @entity715 was visualized in all cases by angiogram and treated intra-arterially with a mean dose of 10.5 mg  4.2. There were no periprocedural @entity548 complications. No @entity204 or other complications occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity715 formation during coil embolization of @entity438 occurred more in @entity1 and smokers. Low doses of intra-arterial abciximab may be effective in the @entity1031 complications occurring during endovascular embolization of @entity438 .

title: Intra-arterial abciximab for the treatment of @entity715 formation during coil embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured or unruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Demonstrated associations between postmyocardial infarction @entity943 and a higher subsequent risk of both sudden and all-cause mortality have prompted a search for effective and safe treatment modalities. Recently completed clinical trials have provided a rationale for treatment recommendations in some specific settings. Beta-blocking therapy is recommended for postinfarction @entity1 with frequent or complex ventricular premature beats. In contrast, @entity460 antagonist therapy is not helpful in these cases, and Class I antiarrhythmic therapy is actually harmful. Early indications of benefit from Class III antiarrhythmic therapies, particularly @entity2643 , are under evaluation in large trials. @entity1 with sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) occurring late after @entity583 require therapy. Viable therapeutic methods include individualized antiarrhythmic therapy selected by the noninvasive approach, individualized antiarrhythmic therapy selected by the invasive approach, empiric @entity2643 therapy, transcatheter or surgical ablative therapy (for @entity1165 ), and use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Clinical trial data have yet to determine which of these approaches is most effective under which circumstances. Postinfarction @entity1 with nonsustained @entity1165 are the focus of several ongoing treatment trials. Early data suggest that risks requiring specific therapy are reached only by those @entity1 who also have significant @entity1002 . The presence of inducible sustained @entity1165 at an electrophysiologic study may further risk stratify such @entity1 . High-risk @entity1 with nonsustained @entity1165 , @entity1002 , and inducible sustained @entity1165 should participate in ongoing clinical trials. In the absence of this opportunity, intensive treatment should be considered.

title: Treatment of @entity943 after recovery from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: > Objective: There is a reduction in intravascular volume in @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity3036 . Since the secretion of @entity8224 ( @entity8224 ) by @entity1 atrial myocytes is stimulated by increased intraatrial pressure or atrial distention, we sought to determine whether circulating maternal plasma @entity8224 concentrations were lower in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and @entity3036 compared with normal pregnant @entity1 . Methods: Fifteen @entity1 with mild @entity1468 , 15 with severe @entity1468 , 15 with @entity3036 , and 38 normotensive pregnant @entity1 were taken as the control group. All the @entity1 were age-matched and in their third trimester. The level of @entity8224 in these @entity1 was measured during the third trimester and in the postpartum period by a specific radioimmunoassay. At the same time, routine laboratory tests for @entity3036 and @entity1468 such as @entity414 , @entity1011 , and urine protein levels were obtained. Results: @entity8224 levels were significantly higher in the antepartum periods in @entity1 with mild @entity1468 (20.7 +/- 6), severe @entity1468 (28.9 +/- 9), and @entity3036 (26.6 +/- 6.5) than those in normotensive pregnant @entity1 (15.7 +/- 3.5; P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). As the severity of @entity1468 increased, the mean values of @entity8224 became higher. Conclusions: @entity8224 levels in preeclamptic and eclamptic @entity1 were found to be higher than those in normotensive pregnant @entity1 . There is a correlation between the severity of @entity6064 and plasma @entity8224 levels. The mechanism(s) responsible for the elevation requires further investigation.

title: Plasma XXXX Levels in @entity1468 and @entity3036

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8224 :: ('4878', 'Gene') :: ['ANP', 'atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8224 :: (4878,Gene) :: ['Atrial Natriuretic Peptide']


abstract: A quantitative re-examination was made of the influence of noradrenergic depletion on the epigenesis of kitten visual cortex. Two methods were used to deplete @entity1063 at the cortical level: stereotaxically controlled injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) in the coeruleus complex, from which the noradrenergic input to visual cortex arises; intraventricular injection of @entity2955 . The latter chemical lesion also depleted @entity935 levels in the brain. Lesion of the noradrenergic or catecholaminergic systems was performed neonatally or at an age of 3-4 weeks in kittens submitted to five different rearing procedures: normal rearing, dark rearing, monocular rearing, monocular exposure following dark rearing and monocular deprivation following normal rearing. Forty-two kittens between 3 and 12 weeks of age were used for this biochemical and electrophysiological study. @entity1063 and @entity935 levels were measured by a radioenzymatic method in the primary visual cortex of twenty-six kittens. A total of 1263 cells were recorded in area 17 of twenty-six kittens. Combined biochemical and electrophysiological data were obtained in ten @entity2955 -lesioned kittens. Whatever the mode of chemical lesion used, cortical noradrenergic depletion failed to block either maturation or vision-dependent processes which are known to affect orientation selectivity and/or ocular dominance during the critical period. However, in some cases, the amplitude of the epigenetic functional modifications was slightly reduced in @entity2955 -treated kittens. The cortical effects of monocular deprivation starting from the age of 5 weeks were studied quantitatively both in lesioned and intact kittens. Disappearance of @entity1063 in area 17 did not prevent the loss of binocularity in cortical cells. However, even when monocular occlusion had been maintained for 2 or 3 weeks in @entity2955 -treated kittens, ocular dominance shifts were limited to a stage equivalent to that observed in the intact kitten after 5-8 days of monocular occlusion. The amplitude of this partial protective effect was found to be unrelated either to the delay following the chemical lesion, or to the level of @entity1063 remaining in lesioned kitten cortex. Although a putative gating role of @entity1063 cannot be excluded in the development of the intact animal, this report shows that its presence is not required for functional plasticity to occur in kitten area 17.

title: XXXX and functional plasticity in kitten visual cortex: a re-examination.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Noradrenaline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To aim of the present study was to investigate the association between special AT-rich DNA-binding protein-1 ( @entity58741 ) expression and @entity96 metastasis. @entity58741 mRNA and protein expression in hepatocellular @entity189 tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and in two @entity96 cell lines, MHCC-97H (high metastatic potential) and HepG2 (low metastatic potential), by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Transwell @entity4222 and wound-healing assays were also performed to investigate the metastasis of @entity96 following upregulation or silencing of @entity58741 expression. The results revealed that @entity58741 expression was significantly higher in hepatocellular @entity189 tissues compared with @entity189 -adjacent tissues. Furthermore, @entity58741 expression was correlated with @entity5 size, differentiation degree, @entity548 and/or @entity39 , invasion and/or metastases and TNM stage. Both the mRNA and protein expression of @entity58741 was higher in MHCC-97H cells than HepG2 cells. In addition, the @entity4222 capability of MHCC-97H cells was decreased after @entity58741 silencing, whereas the @entity4222 capability of HepG2 cells was increased after @entity58741 upregulation. @entity58741 expression was demonstrated to be positively correlated with @entity96 metastasis. These results indicate that @entity96 metastasis is regulated by @entity58741 expression. Thus, immunohistochemical @entity58741 expression may present an independent risk factor for the metastasis of @entity96 .

title: Special AT-rich DNA-binding protein-1 expression is associated with XXXX metastasis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: @entity2779 , an antiarrhythmic drug of IC type, was applied to 10 @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) produced by intranodal reentry (group I) and in 14 @entity1 with reentry by an accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathway (group II), 10 of them suffering from orthodromic @entity4710 . @entity2779 given intravenously depresses or blocks the antegrade or retrograde conduction in the AV node and in the accessory AV pathway. The same effect is observed with orally given @entity2779 : 66% of antegrade blocking and 54% of retrograde blocking of the accessory conduction pathway. Intravenously given @entity2779 reduces within 2 to 3 min by antegrade or retrograde blocking 70% of @entity4710 produced by intranodal reentry and by 85% of @entity4710 produced by reentry by the accessory pathway. After injection it becomes impossible to induce intranodal @entity4710 in 60% of cases and @entity4710 by the accessory pathway reentry in 28% of cases. With oral treatment (600 mg/day) reinduction of intranodal @entity4710 becomes impossible in 66% of cases and of @entity4710 produced by reentry by the accessory pathway in 42% of cases. Long-term oral administration (17 +/- 3.7 months) of the same dose prevents 88% of @entity4710 produced by internodal reentry and 80% of spontaneous @entity4710 produced by reentry by the accessory pathway. Cardiologic tolerance is satisfactory: one case of @entity943 is observed. The same holds true for general tolerance: in 2 cases drug administration is discontinued and 11 @entity1 present neurologic and digestive troubles improving after lowering the dosage or increasing the fractionation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Injectable and oral XXXX in nodal reentry and pathways of ventricular preexcitation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular and intraventricular dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review systematically the methodology, results and quality of clinical trials of @entity2445 in the treatment of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODS: Trials included were those conducted on @entity195 @entity1 , aged 40 years or over, assigned to @entity2445 - or placebo-based treatment. Studies were identified via the Cochrane Collaboration and MEDLINE databases. Trial-selection and data-extraction were carried out separately by two reviewers working independently. Any differences of opinion that arose were resolved by discussion. RESULTS: We identified 49 trials published in the period 1 January 1981 - 1 May 1997. Of these, 21 were randomized controlled trials, eight parallel-group and 13 cross-over type. In the random trials, @entity2445 dosage ranged from 25 to 200 mg/day, with a duration of 3-36 weeks. In all, 3555 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 started treatment and 1149 failed to complete the course (mean 33.4% @entity1 per trial). Over 80% of @entity1 withdrawals were @entity2445 -related. Adverse events affected a mean of 59% @entity1 per trial (range 34-90%), mainly in the form of cholinergic manifestations (mean 30.2%, range 5-62%) and transaminase elevations (mean 28.6%, range 0-53%). Adverse events were more frequent at doses of > or = 100 mg/day and disappeared on discontinuation of @entity2445 treatment. Just over 20% of @entity1 given @entity2445 experienced improvements in cognitive function (3-4 points in @entity195 Assessment Scale cognitive subscale and 2-3 points in Mini-Mental State Examination) and in functional ability at 3-6 months of treatment. No study gave a description of concealment of the randomization sequence or the success of the double-blind procedure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2445 shows a modest degree of efficacy among a small proportion of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 , yet has important adverse effects which limit its clinical usefulness. It is not known which @entity195 @entity1 subgroup could benefit from the treatment. Information on the long-term effects of @entity2445 (over periods exceeding 7 months) and its effects on quality of life, @entity1 institutionalization and mortality and @entity1 burden on caregivers is inadequate.

title: Methodology, results and quality of clinical trials of @entity2445 in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maternal birth trauma to the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) is a major risk factor for @entity3087 . Modeling and imaging studies suggest that demands placed on PFMs during childbirth exceed their physiologic limits; however many parous @entity1 do not  sustain @entity130 . Here we determine whether pregnancy induces adaptations in PFM architecture, the strongest predictor of  muscle function, and/or intramuscular extracellular matrix (ECM), responsible for load bearing. To establish if parallel changes occur in  muscles outside of the PFM, we also examined a hind limb muscle. STUDY DESIGN: Coccygeus, iliocaudalis, pubocaudalis, and tibialis anterior of 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley virgin, mid-pregnant, and late-pregnant; 6-month-old virgin; and 4- and 12-week postpartum @entity35 (N  = 10/group) were fixed in situ and harvested. Major architectural parameters determining muscle's excursion and force-generating capacity were quantified, namely, normalized fiber length (Lfn), physiologic cross-sectional area, and sarcomere length. @entity720 content was used as a surrogate for intramuscular ECM quantity. Analyses were performed by 2-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc testing at a significance level of .05. RESULTS: Pregnancy induced a significant increase in Lfn in all PFMs by the end of gestation relative to virgin controls. Fibers were elongated by 37% in coccygeus (P < .0001), and by 21% in iliocaudalis and pubocaudalis (P < .0001). Importantly, no Lfn change was observed in the tibialis anterior. Physiologic cross-sectional area and sarcomere length were not affected by pregnancy. By 12 weeks' postpartum, Lfn of all PFMs returned to the prepregnancy values. Relative to virgin controls, ECM increased by 140% in coccygeus, 52% in iliocaudalis, and 75% in pubocaudalis in late-pregnant group, but remained unchanged across time in the tibialis anterior. Postpartum, ECM collagen content returned to prepregnancy levels in iliocaudalis and pubocaudalis, but continued to be significantly elevated in coccygeus (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that pregnancy induces unique adaptations in the structure of the PFMs, which adjust their architectural design by adding sarcomeres in series to increase fiber length as well as mounting a substantial synthesis of collagen in intramuscular ECM.

title: Pregnancy-induced adaptations in the intrinsic structure of XXXX pelvic floor muscles.

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['PFM injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Phase II studies have suggested that weekly @entity1311 has a higher response rate and better @entity137 profile than the conventional schedule of once every 3 or 4 weeks. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of weekly @entity1311 plus @entity900 (PC) vs @entity1206 plus @entity900 (VC) in chemona  ve @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . From October 2000 to May 2002, 140 @entity1 were enrolled. The treatment dose was P 66 mg m(-2) intravenous infusion (i.v.) on days 1, 8, and 15, and C 60 mg m(-2) i.v. on day 15, or V 23 mg m(-2) i.v. on days 1, 8, and 15, and C 60 mg m(-2) i.v. on day 15, every 4 weeks. In all, 281 cycles of PC and 307 cycles of VC were given to the @entity1 in the PC and VC arms, respectively. There were 26 partial responses and one complete response (overall 38.6%) in the PC arm, and no complete responses, but 27 partial responses (overall 38.6%) in the VC arm. Myelosuppression was more common in the VC arm (P<0.001). @entity1897 and @entity925 were significantly more common in the PC arm (P<0.001). The median time to disease progression was 6 months in the PC arm and 8.4 months in the VC arm (P=0.0344). The median survival time was 11.7 months in the PC arm and 15.4 months in the VC arm (P=0.297). We concluded that weekly PC is not suggested for @entity1149 @entity1 due to the relatively shorter progression-free survival and more common nonhaematological @entity137 . British Journal of @entity5 (2004) 90, 359-365. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601526 www.bjcancer.com

title: A randomised phase II study of weekly @entity1311 or @entity1206 in combination with XXXX against inoperable @entity1149 previously untreated.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a 12-week individualized home-based exercise programme on physical functioning, @entity158 severity and @entity458 for @entity1 with @entity239 ( @entity239 ). METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity239 were randomized to a 12-week individualized home-based moderate-intensity exercise programme or to a usual care control group. Outcomes were functional capacity ( @entity239 Impact Questionnaire), @entity158 severity and @entity458 . Outcomes were measured at study entry, at the end of the 12-week intervention, and at 3 and 9 months following completion of the intervention. RESULTS: On the basis of intention-to-treat analyses, a significant improvement in functional capacity at 3 and 9 months following treatment for @entity1 in the exercise group who were more functionally disabled at study entry was observed. At both 3 and 9 months post-treatment, the mean estimated benefit of the intervention was more than 10 points [-12.3 (95% CI, -21.9 to -2.8); -10.8 (95% CI, -21.5 to -0.2)]. Compared with the control group, statistically significant improvements in upper @entity158 were evident in the exercise group at post-treatment. These between-group differences in upper @entity158 were maintained at 3 and 9 months post-treatment. No statistically significant group differences on lower body @entity158 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based exercise, a relatively low-cost treatment modality, has the potential to improve important health outcomes in @entity239 .

title: A randomized clinical trial of an individualized home-based exercise programme for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'body pain', 'pain and psychological distress']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: To better understand postural and @entity717 , the pattern of total body muscle fat infiltration was analyzed in a large group of @entity1 with @entity3986 . Additionally, we studied whether residual D4Z4 repeat array length adjusted for age and gender could predict the degree of @entity121 . Total body computed tomography scans of 70 @entity1 were used to assess the degree of fat infiltration of 42 muscles from neck to ankle level on a semi-quantitative scale. Groups of muscles that highly correlated regarding fat infiltration were identified using factor analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed using muscle fat infiltration as the dependent variable and D4Z4 repeat length and age as independent variables. A pattern of muscle fat @entity3986 could be constructed. Trunk muscles were most frequently affected. Of these, back extensors were more frequently affected than previously reported. Asymmetry in @entity121 was seen in 45% of the muscles that were infiltrated with fat. The right-sided upper extremity showed significantly higher scores for fat infiltration compared to the left side, which could not be explained by handedness. It was possible to explain 29% of the fat infiltration based on D4Z4 repeat length, corrected for age and gender. Based on our results we conclude that frequent involvement of fat infiltration in back extensors, in addition to the abdominal muscles, emphasizes the extent of trunk involvement, which may have a profound impact on postural control even in otherwise mildly affected @entity1 .

title: Skeletal muscle imaging in @entity3986 , pattern and asymmetry of individual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disabilities']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy', 'infiltration in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle involvement']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle involvement']


abstract: @entity63 induced @entity26 free @entity16 was formerly attributed only to @entity3624 oxidase in intestine, liver, kidney and heart. A reevaluation indicated neutrophils as one of the major sources of postischemic oxidative tissue damage, chiefly in the intestine. Our data, obtained from the same occlusion time period for intestine, liver and kidney, showed a certain oxidative damage in intestine and kidney already during @entity63 , expressed by an increase of @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), whereas the liver sustained damage of this kind only during reperfusion. Oxidative stress was expressed by a comparison of the increase of TBARS, though this test is not a measure of a specific product of lipid peroxidation, but rather comprises several breakdown products of free @entity16 . @entity3335 as measure of neutrophil stimulation increased in the intestine and liver. The kidney sustained damage without an increase of @entity3335 activity, but showed a similar pattern of increase of TBARS as in the intestine. Our data suggest a major role of neutrophils in intestinal @entity63 induced damage, where neutrophils can effect initiation and propagation. In the liver neutrophils may play a minor role concerning propagation, but they may act as an important initiating mechanism. Hepatic tissue shows a high ischemic tolerance, which is demonstrated by a missing increase of TBARS in spite of a certain increase of @entity3335 activity during @entity63 . This can be interpreted by the high capacity of antioxidative mechanisms of liver tissue and the ability of a higher @entity26 extraction ratio under nearly ischemic conditions. In the kidney there appears a smaller contribution of neutrophils. The similar pattern of increase of TBARS in kidney and intestine demonstrates a comparable low ischemic tolerance of these two tissues, whereas different initiating and propagating systems may occur.

title: Intestinal, hepatic and renal production of XXXX reactive substances and @entity3335 activity after temporary aortic occlusion and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['Myeloperoxidase', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radical damage']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity4466 :: (MESH:C029684,Chemical) :: ['thiobarbituric acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are sporadic reports of unilateral @entity8568 with ipsilateral hemiatrophic cerebri associated with @entity302 , focal @entity51 and @entity1032 . The mechanisms which cause this condition are not well understood. The aim of our study was to delineate further, clinical and neuroimaging features of this @entity600 of cortical development and to explore its possible etiological background. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four @entity1 (two males and two females), aged from 23 to 31 years (mean age range 27.5 years) were evaluated. Subjects underwent clinical, electrophysiological, neuropsychological and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging assessment. RESULTS: No significant perinatal event or exposure to intrauterine @entity281 was noted. None suffered from @entity600 or @entity63 . The parents of two @entity1 were first cousins. Every subject had delayed developmental milestones, @entity717 and congenital, non-progressive, @entity1269 . They had @entity302 with @entity410 -onset ranging from three months to 17 years (mean 6.8 years); two had intractable @entity410 . In all @entity1 , unilateral, right-sided @entity8568 was associated with @entity1779 . Polymicrogyria involved mainly anterior perisylvian areas; occipital regions were relatively spared. CONCLUSION: The evaluated @entity1 showed homogenous clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. We support the idea that the disorder could constitute a clinical entity with an underlying genetic cause.

title: Unilateral @entity8568 with XXXX : a distinct syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth asphyxia', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This case series study aimed to find the relation of testicular volume with fine- needle aspiration cytology results in azoospermic infertile males to indicate the probable reason for @entity3893 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After clinical examination and two basic semen analyses, fine- needle aspiration and cytology study was performed on 221 testicles of 112 @entity1 . RESULTS: primary @entity249 was 87% and about 88% were town dwellers. The mean age and duration of @entity249 was 35 and 6 years respectively. History of @entity2953 was present in 37% and two-third of the other medical problems was @entity378 . Bilateral scrotal testicles and epididymis were palpated in 109 males, of which 92% had symmetrical testicles and 35% abnormal epididymis. Among the normal consistent testicles, 64% and 25% were normal and small in size respectively. Normal size with soft consistency was 5% and others make 4%. Mature sperm cells were identified in 51% of the fine needle-aspiration cytology report, and in 93% of the normal size testicles. The rest were @entity1167 38%, sertoli cell-only 7%, and spermatocele 2%. Early @entity1167 was observed in 65% of the small and 10% of the normal testicles (p = 0.000001). @entity3453 were also significantly higher in small testicles compared to the normal (P < 000001) DISCUSSION: Complete spermatogenesis was more associated with normal size testicles while @entity1167 was mostly in the small size testicles. Azoosperrmic males with normal size testicles and complete spermatogenesit most likely have duct obstruction while those with small testicles were likely to suffer from incomplete spermatogenesis. Small testicles and @entity3202 may have destructive form (3%). CONCLUSION: The size of the testicle assessed by the Prader orchidometer allows a rough evaluation of the underlying cause of @entity249 . In two-thirds of the normal sized testicles, complete spermatogenesis was detected while 51% and 19% of the small testicles exhibited @entity1167 and @entity3453 respectively.

title: Relationships of testicular volume and fine-needle aspiration cytology pattern in infertile azoospermic XXXX (Fgae Centeral Clinic, 2003-4).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell-only syndrome', 'Sertoli cell only syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal swelling and/or sexually transmitted infection']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic testis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest', 'spermatogenic arrest']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity334 ( @entity2830 ) is a compound widely used in the synthesis of a variety of organic products. It has been found that @entity2830 is carcinogenic in @entity35 , and some epidemiological studies also suggest a possible carcinogenic effect of @entity2830 in @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of @entity2830 exposure on the expression of @entity876 and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) proteins in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro @entity2830 exposure of @entity1 lung fibroblasts resulted in the induction of both @entity876 and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) proteins. To evaluate the effect of @entity2830 on the levels of @entity876 and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) proteins in the blood plasma of @entity2830 -exposed workers, samples from 49 subjects (average age 44 years, 88% males, 12% females) exposed to @entity2830 in the petrochemical industry ( @entity2830 concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.3mg/m(3)) were analyzed. Subjects living in the same area (N=24, average age 43 years, 92% males, 8% females), but not working in the petrochemical industry were used as controls. No significant differences in either @entity876 , or @entity994 ( @entity994 ) levels between the exposed and control groups were found. The expression of @entity876 was significantly higher in exposed non-smokers as compared with smokers (P=0.02). No effect of @entity9164 and @entity4192 genotypes on the expression of either protein was observed. Subjects with an @entity14498 high activity genotype had significantly higher @entity994 ( @entity994 ) expression as compared with genotypes with low or medium @entity14498 activity. We conclude that plasma levels of both proteins are not relevant biomarkers for occupational @entity2830 exposure.

title: @entity334 exposure: the effect on XXXX and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) protein levels in the blood plasma of occupationally exposed workers and in vitro in @entity1 diploid lung fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity334 :: ('MESH:D000181', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylonitrile']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between every-night (habitual) snoring, sleep @entity73 (concentration and memory complaints) in an adult population-based sample. In the @entity6880 -MONICA (MONItoring trends in @entity65 ) 1504 males and females aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years were classified according to their snoring habits. Nocturnal respiration was measured in 748 @entity1 . The following measures were regarded as potential confounders: age, gender, unintended @entity25 , @entity22 , @entity308 , hypnotic use, @entity167 consumption by questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Concentration and @entity2414 were both related to @entity308 , @entity22 and unintended @entity25 . Snoring and @entity25 (defined as a respiratory distress index-RDI > or = 5) were associated with concentration problems and unintended @entity25 . The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between snoring, concentration and @entity2414 , calculated by logistic regression analysis after adjustments for the above confounders, were 1.90 (1.23-2.91, p < 0.01) and 1.38 (0.97-1.99, NS). For those with @entity25 , the odds ratios were 3.53 (1.42-8.73. p < 0.001) and 1.51 (0.81-2.14, NS) for concentration and @entity2414 , respectively. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that cognitive complaints show a high correlation to mood, @entity22 and @entity2147 . Habitual snoring and @entity25 show a correlation to concentration problems, but not to @entity2414 . This suggests that part of the association between snoring, @entity25 and @entity73 is related to the presence of @entity25 and @entity25 .

title: [Cognitive symptoms in XXXX with snoring and sleep apnea. An epidemiologic study of 1.504 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30-60 years. The @entity6880 -MONICA II study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep apnoea', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['apnoea and cognitive complaints', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CArdiovascular iseases']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Novel @entity378 ( @entity378 ) drugs and the need to treat @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) are likely to bring about substantial transformations in @entity378 treatment in coming years. An evidence base for cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of these developments is needed. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to perform a review of papers assessing provider-incurred as well as @entity1 -incurred costs of treating both drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR)- @entity378 . METHODS: Five databases (EMBASE, Medline, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Services Literature) were searched for cost and economic evaluation full-text papers containing primary @entity6371 and @entity6371 treatment cost data published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and February 2015. No language restrictions were set. The search terms were a combination of ' @entity378 ', ' @entity6371 ', 'cost', and 'treatment'. In the selected papers, study methods and characteristics, quality indicators and costs were extracted into summary tables according to pre-defined criteria. Results were analysed according to country income groups and for provider costs, @entity1 costs and productivity losses. All values were converted to  US, year 2014 values, so that studies could be compared. RESULTS: We selected 71 treatment cost papers on @entity6371 only, ten papers on @entity6371 only and nine papers that included both @entity6371 and @entity6371 . These papers provided evidence on the costs of treating @entity6371 and @entity6371 in 50 and 16 countries, respectively. In 31  % of the papers, only provider costs were included; 26  % included only @entity1 -incurred costs, and the remaining 43  % estimated costs incurred by both. From the provider perspective, mean @entity6371 treatment costs per @entity1 were US 14,659 in high-income countries (HICs), US 840 in upper middle-income countries (UMICs), US 273 in lower middle-income (LMICs), and US 258 in @entity258 ( @entity258 ), showing a strong positive correlation. The respective costs for treating @entity6371 were US 83,365, US 5284, US 6313 and US 1218. Costs incurred by @entity1 when seeking treatment for @entity6371 accounted for an additional 3  % of the provider costs in HICs. A greater burden was seen in the other income groups, increasing the costs of @entity6371 treatment by 72  % in UMICs, 60  % in @entity258 and 31  % in LMICs. When provider costs, @entity1 costs and productivity losses were combined, productivity losses accounted for 16  % in HICs, 29  % in UMICs, 40  % in LMICs and 38  % in @entity258 . CONCLUSION: Cost data for @entity6371 treatment are limited, and the variation in delivery mechanisms, as well as the rapidly evolving diagnosis and treatment regimens, means that it is essential to increase the number of studies assessing the cost from both provider and @entity1 perspectives. There is substantial evidence available on the costs of @entity6371 treatment from all regions of the world. The @entity1 -incurred costs illustrate that the financial burden of illness is relatively greater for @entity1 in poorer countries without universal healthcare coverage.

title: Costs to Health Services and the @entity1 of Treating XXXX : A Systematic Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis', 'MDR-TB', 'multidrug-resistant tuberculosis', 'DR-TB', 'DS-TB']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income countries', 'LICs']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity5125 is a food-borne pathogen that causes serious listeriosis in humans. Antimicrobial effects of @entity1 lactoferrin ( @entity15263 ) against @entity5125 have been clearly demonstrated in in vitro studies. However, in vivo studies have not been reported yet. This study investigated whether the oral administration of @entity15263 could inhibit @entity281 of listeria in BALB/c @entity19 . The MICs for several strains of @entity5125 were determined, and the most sensitive strain was used for the animal work. @entity15263 was administered to BALB/c @entity19 for 7 days, commencing 4 days before @entity281 . The effect of @entity15263 was determined by bacterial enumeration and histopathological analysis of the liver and spleen, which are well-known as the major @entity5124 in @entity19 . In bacterial enumeration, @entity15263 decreased the number of @entity5125 cells in the liver. Histopathologically, the size and frequency of @entity39 foci in the liver samples decreased with @entity15263 administration. However, these changes were not observed in the spleen samples. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as @entity635 , @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity637 and @entity60 , decreased in the liver of @entity19 receiving @entity15263 . This study has shown that @entity15263 decreases the hepatic colonization of @entity5125 , hepatic @entity39 and expression of inflammatory cytokines. It revealed that perorally given @entity15263 could mediate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities remote from the gut (i.e. in the liver) of @entity19 challenged with @entity5125 .

title: Potential antimicrobial effects of XXXX lactoferrin against @entity281 with @entity5125 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['oral infection']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['targets of oral listeria infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity439 -induced @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) constitutes a rare presentation form of @entity449 . The majority of @entity5642 cases are asymptomatic and this condition is usually diagnosed during the perioperative workup; yet, in a minority of cases, @entity5642 leads to the diagnosis of the @entity455 . The management of @entity439 -induced @entity5642 is based both on the treatment of the underlying disorder and on an active scrutiny of the hemodynamic and blood support requirements. Blood replacement therapy should be individualized, guided by the clinical situation of the @entity1 (especially considering the bleeding risk or the presence of @entity548 ), and accompanied by a close monitoring of the coagulation status. Fresh frozen plasma is usually the preferred initial option to replace coagulation factors, but @entity2002 , cryoprecipitates, and platelet concentrates are adequate options in certain contexts. Heparins, both non-fractionated and low-weight molecular types, are the most widely accepted agents for achieving adequate control of the coagulation activation and consumption. Other antithrombotic drugs are under study, including antithrombin III and activated protein C, although only the latter has demonstrated a benefit in terms of survival in a comparative, randomized context. Antifibrinolytic agents such as @entity5722 , @entity927 , and @entity929 ( @entity930 ) have been used with conflicting results. These agents may have a role for @entity1 with @entity548 resistant to other therapeutical options, but their relevance as a first line of treatment is, at present, undefined. An assessment of the multitude of therapeutic approaches available would seem to indicate that there is a lack of standardization in the management of these @entity1 . Multi-center, randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate the most adequate therapy in this context.

title: Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5722 :: ('MESH:D016670', 'Chemical') :: ['gabexate mesilate']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of severe @entity417 in a critically ill Jehovah's Witness is challenging. In the past, conservative therapy was the only option available to the practitioner. Recently, new interventional treatment strategies have become available, including @entity1 and @entity291 hemoglobin substitutes and high-dose recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit in a quaternary care center. @entity1 : A @entity1 with severe, life-threatening @entity417 caused by @entity360 who refused all blood products on religious grounds. INTERVENTION: @entity291 hemoglobin substitute and high-dose recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 . CASE STUDY: A 50-yr-old Jehovah's Witness presented with massive @entity360 ; initial hemoglobin was 3.5 g/dL. Endoscopy revealed a prepyloric @entity1066 , and @entity548 control was achieved by @entity1425 injections into the peri- @entity1066 mucosa. Despite control of @entity548 , the @entity1 became hemodynamically unstable. A total of 7 units of a @entity291 hemoglobin-based @entity26 carrying compound (HBOC-201) was administered to enhance the @entity1 's @entity26 delivery. High-dose recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 was administered daily (500 units/kg). Hemoglobin levels were initially maintained and then slowly increased to a maximum of 7.6 g/dL on day 24 of therapy. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that the concurrent administration of hemoglobin-based @entity26 carriers and recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 in severe, life-threatening @entity417 (hemoglobin, 3.5 g/dL) was associated with @entity1 survival and a significant increase in hemoglobin to 7.6 g/dL, without the administration of allogeneic blood. Hemoglobin-based @entity26 carriers can adequately serve as initial therapy to maintain tissue @entity26 delivery while awaiting the maximal effect of recombinant @entity1307 on bone marrow red blood cell production. High-dose recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 offers these @entity1 the best chance for normalization of hematocrit and survival in the long term.

title: Severe @entity417 after XXXX in a Jehovah's Witness: new treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: We report a case of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) in a 63-year-old @entity1 . He had body @entity353 for one month, and was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal sonography showed a large mass occupying the right lower abdomen and an existence of a lot of @entity843 . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance image showed a lot of @entity843 and omentum cake. Cytology of the @entity843 was Class V but its histological classification was unknown. Then we performed biopsy of the @entity5 into the omentum with abdominal sonography. The histological diagnosis was @entity3620 because the @entity5 cells showed positive for calretinin. He received a combination chemotherapy of weekly intra-peritoneal administration of @entity900 (70 mg/ day) and @entity1311 (100 mg/day). The @entity843 was decreased and per os (PO) was possible, but omentum cake was not changed. @entity3620 was poor in prognosis and the control of @entity843 was difficult. We suggest that the chemotherapy of intra-peritoneal administration was a better procedure than others to control @entity843 with @entity5 .

title: [A case of ascities decrease in @entity3620 by weekly intra-peritoneal administration of XXXX and @entity1311 ].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of electronic fetal heart rate abnormalities in the identification of neonates with @entity75 treated with whole-body @entity2332 . METHODS: Between January 1, 2007, and July 1, 2013, there were 39 neonates born at two hospitals within our system treated with whole-body @entity2332 within 6 hours of birth. Neurologically normal control neonates were matched to each case by gestational age and mode of delivery in a two-to-one fashion. The last hour of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring before delivery was evaluated by three obstetricians blinded to outcome. RESULTS: The differences in tracing category were not significantly different (neonates in the case group 10.3% I, 76.9% II, 12.8% III; neonates in the control group 9.0% I, 89.7% II, 1.3% III; P=.18). Bivariate analysis showed neonates in the case group had significantly increased late decelerations, total deceleration area 30 (debt 30) and 60 minutes (debt 60) before delivery and were more likely to be nonreactive. Multivariable logistic regression showed neonates in the case group had a significant decrease in early decelerations (P=.03) and a significant increase in debt 30 (.01) and debt 60 (P=.005). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.72, 23.1%, and 94.9% for early decelerations; 0.66, 33.3%, and 87.2% for debt 30, and 0.68, 35.9%, and 89.7% for debt 60, respectively. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities during the last hour of fetal heart rate monitoring before delivery are poorly predictive of neonatal @entity2806 qualifying for whole-body @entity2332 treatment within 6 hours of birth. LEVEL OF EVIEDENCE: II.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of fetal heart rate monitoring in the identification of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']