abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) through its over glycosylation of @entity531 and resultant @entity1897 continues to be the major risk factor for pedal amputation. Repetitive @entity130 to the insensate foot results in @entity4760 , which are at high risk to develop @entity4034 . Many @entity1 who present with @entity2412 will undergo one or more pedal amputations during the course of their disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if obtaining an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), prior to the first amputation, is associated with a decreased rate of reamputation in the @entity6 foot. Our hypothesis was that the rate of reamputation may be associated with underutilization of obtaining an initial MRI, useful in presurgical planning. This study was designed to determine whether there was an association between the reamputation rate in @entity6 @entity1 and utilization of MRI in the presurgical planning and prior to initial forefoot amputations. METHODS: Following approval by our institutional review board, our study design consisted of a retrospective cohort analysis of 413 @entity1 at Staten Island University Hospital, a 700-bed tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2013 who underwent an initial great toe (hallux) amputation. Of the 413 @entity1 with a hallux amputation, there were 368 eligible @entity1 who had a history of @entity6 with documented hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within 3 months of the initial first @entity16039 (hallux and first metatarsal) amputation and available radiographic data. Statistical analysis compared the incidence rates of reamputation between @entity1 who underwent initial MRI and those who did not obtain an initial MRI prior to their first amputation. The reamputation rate was compared after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, HbA1c, @entity65 , @entity4988 , smoking, body mass index, and prior antibiotic treatment. RESULTS: The results of our statistical analysis failed to reveal a significant association between obtaining an initial MRI and the reamputation rate. We did, however, find a statistical association between obtaining an early MRI and decreased mortality rates. DISCUSSION: Obtaining an early MRI was not associated with the reamputation rate incidence in the treatment of the @entity6 foot. It did, however, have a statistically significant association with the mortality rate as demonstrated by the increased survival rate in @entity1 undergoing MRI prior to initial amputation.

title: Does obtaining an initial magnetic resonance imaging decrease the reamputation rates in the XXXX foot?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: As for many complex diseases, the incidence of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is higher among individuals born during certain seasons. This difference could arise from seasonal variations in many factors, including exposure to sunlight, antibiotics, or infectious agents. We investigated the relationship between season of birth, early childhood exposure to antibiotics, and incidence of @entity29 . METHODS: We performed a nested case-control analysis using data from the University of Manitoba @entity29 epidemiology database. We compared seasons of birth among 11,145 individuals with @entity29 (cases) and 108,633 controls using conditional logistic regression models. We collected data on use of antibiotics in the first year of life for cases and controls from the Manitoba Drug Program Information Network-a comprehensive database of all prescriptions given to residents of Manitoba since 1995. RESULTS: Approximately 27.0% of cases were born from April through June, compared with 25.6% of controls (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.12; P = .002). Comparisons made by sex (male vs female) and type of @entity29 ( @entity31 vs @entity30 ) showed statistical significance only for @entity1 with @entity30 (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.25; P = .009). At ages 6 months and older, cases and controls born from April through June received a significantly greater number of prescriptions for antibiotics than cases and controls born in other months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity30 are more likely to have been born in the months of April through June.

title: Association between spring season of birth and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple basilar skull @entity174 and @entity5173 are common complications of @entity131 , which required a surgical repair. But due to the complexity of basilar skull @entity174 after severe @entity130 , preoperatively an exact radiological location is always difficult. Multi-row spiral CT and MRI are currently widely applied in the clinical diagnosis. The present study was performed to compare the accuracy of cisternography by multi-row spiral CT and MRI in the diagnosis of @entity5173 . METHODS: A total of 23 @entity1 with multiple basilar skull @entity174 after @entity131 were included. The radiological and surgical data were retrospectively analyzed. 64-row CT (mm/row) scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed in 12 @entity1 , while MR plain scan and cisternography were performed in another 11 @entity1 . The location of @entity5173 was diagnosed by 2 experienced physicians majoring neurological radiology. Surgery was performed in all @entity1 . The @entity5173 location was confirmed and repaired during surgery. The result was considered as accurate when @entity5173 was absent after surgery. RESULTS: According to the surgical exploration, the preoperative diagnosis of the active @entity5173 location was accurate in 9 out of 12 @entity1 with CT scan. The location could not be confirmed by CT because of @entity174 in 2 @entity1 and the missed diagnosis occurred in 1 @entity1 . The preoperative diagnosis was accurate in 10 out of 11 @entity1 with MRI examination. CONCLUSIONS: MRI cisternography is more advanced than multi-row CT scan in multiple basilar skull @entity174 . The combination of the two examinations may increase the diagnostic ratio of active @entity5173 .

title: Comparison of CT and MRI in diagnosis of @entity5173 induced by XXXX of skull base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['multiple fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal leak']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['multiple fractures']


abstract: Evidence is emerging that the closely related @entity9067 and @entity23759 @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases support the invasive and metastatic growth of a spectrum of @entity1 @entity5 types. Therefore, inhibitors of ROCK are under preclinical development. However, a key step in their development involves the identification of genetic biomarkers that will predict ROCK inhibitor antitumor activity. One identified mechanism for ROCK activation in @entity5 involves the loss of function of the @entity21158 @entity5 suppressor gene, which encodes a GTPase activating protein ( @entity39212 ) for the @entity3547 and @entity33760 small GTPases. @entity21158 loss may lead to hyperactivation of @entity3547 /C and its downstream effectors, the ROCK kinases. We therefore determined whether loss of @entity21158 protein expression identifies @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines whose growth and invasion phenotypes are sensitive to ROCK inhibition. We identified and characterized a novel small molecule pharmacologic inhibitor of ROCK and additionally applied genetic approaches to impair @entity9067 and/or @entity23759 activity, and we determined that although @entity1149 anchorage-dependent growth was ROCK-independent, both anchorage-independent growth and Matrigel invasion were ROCK-dependent. However, loss of @entity21158 expression did not correlate with ROCK activation or with OXA-06 sensitivity. Unexpectedly, suppression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 expression alone was sufficient to impair anchorage-independent growth, supporting their nonoverlapping roles in oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the block in anchorage-independent growth was associated with accumulation of cells in the G(0)-G(1) phase of the cell cycle, but not increased anoikis. We conclude that ROCK may be a useful therapeutic target for @entity1149 .

title: @entity9067 and XXXX are required for @entity1149 anchorage-independent growth and invasion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity23759 :: (9475,Gene) :: ['ROCK2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used for the treatment of @entity356 . Negative pathologic results after ESD can confuse the endoscopists and @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons for and the factors associated with negative pathologic results after ESD. @entity1 AND METHODS: From December 2008 to July 2015, a total of 1379 lesions diagnosed as definite @entity1141 or @entity420 by @entity36468 ( @entity36468 ) were removed with an ESD procedure. The initial endoscopic and pathologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of negative pathology after ESD was 2.0  % (28/1379). Compared with positive pathologic lesions, negative pathologic lesions were smaller and had less surface area (P  <  0.001). The reasons for negative pathologic lesions after ESD were complete removal by @entity36468 (n  =  20), over-estimations of the @entity36468 specimen (n  =  5), and different ESD site (n  =  3). CONCLUSION: Small @entity5 size and surface area are associated with negative pathologic results after ESD. When negative pathologic results are reported after ESD, we should review the previous endoscopic biopsy tissue specimen and compare the previous @entity36468 site to the ESD site. Thereafter, regular endoscopic examination of the lesion is needed.

title: Clinical features of negative pathologic results after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity36468 :: ('MESH:C536385', 'Disease') :: ['EFB', 'endoscopic forceps biopsy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric superficial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the outcomes of @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity7824 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data from 45 @entity1 with @entity7824 diagnosed between 1971 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy had been used for treatment. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 10.0 years. The 10-year overall survival and local control rate was 83% and 60%, respectively. @entity1 whose @entity5 had a mitotic index of <3 (per 10 high-power fields) experienced a 10-year survival and local control rate of 89% and 74%, respectively, compared with 57% (p = 0.040) and 46% (p = 0.14) for @entity1 with a @entity5 mitotic index of > or =3. The 10-year survival and local control rate was 90% and 74% for @entity1 with typical @entity5 compared with 63% (p = 0.055) and 46% (p = 0.41) for those with @entity5 . A comparison of gross total resection with subtotal resection showed no significant difference in survival or local control. @entity86 improved local control at 10 years (75% with RT vs. 51% without RT, p = 0.045); however, this did not translate into a survival benefit. No 1p19q deletions were found in the 19 @entity5 tested. CONCLUSION: Although the overall prognosis is quite favorable, one-third of @entity1 experienced @entity5 recurrence or progression at 10 years, regardless of the extent of the initial resection. @entity86 significantly improved local control but not survival, most likely because of the effectiveness of salvage RT. For incompletely resected @entity5 and/or those with a high mitotic index, consideration should be given to adjuvant RT because of the more aggressive nature.

title: XXXX : management recommendations based on a 35-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'atypical tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['Central neurocytoma']


abstract: Fifty four @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) due to @entity697 ( @entity697 ) were treated between August 1987 and May 1988. There were 39 males and 15 females. The mean age was 46.25 years. These @entity1 were referred by general practitioners (GP's) and private nursing homes during an epidemic of @entity697 in Madras city in 1987-'88. Investigations revealed plasma @entity1133 (mean +/- SD) 129 +/- 52.8 mg/dl. and plasma @entity1011 (mean +/- SD) 7.51 +/- 4.3 mg/dl. 42 @entity1 underwent peritoneal dialysis. 3 had haemodialysis. 29 @entity1 died (mortality, 53.7%). The most significant factor for high mortality was the time interval from onset of @entity697 to diagnosis of @entity810 which was 5.2 +/- 2.17 days in the @entity1 who survived compared to 8.5 +/- 3.1 days in the @entity1 who died (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that (a) GP's had given inadequate fluid therapy before admission and (b) were initially not aware of @entity177 and so referred them late to hospital.

title: XXXX due to @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['ADD', 'acute diarrhoeal diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19459 ( @entity38524 ), a @entity563 protease inhibitor in plasma plays a central role in the cross-talk among the complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin systems. However, previous reports indicate @entity715 in @entity1 following supraphysiological dosing with @entity38524 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of supraphysiological C1- @entity19459 concentrations in clot development with and without addition of @entity526 (E. coli) in fresh @entity1 whole blood using thromboelastometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood was collected in @entity3736 tubes, and @entity38524 (3.0 to 47.6 M) or human serum albumin (HSA) was added as a control. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was analysed in the plasma. The analyses non-activated thromboelastometry (NATEM), extrinsic (EXTEM) or intrinsic thromboelastometry (INTEM) were performed using rotational thromboelastometry. RESULTS: @entity38524 increased aPTT 1.8-fold (p< 0.05), whereas HSA had no effect. @entity38524 increased NATEM clotting time (CT) from 789s to 2025 s (p< 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. @entity38524 reduced the NATEM alpha angle from 47 to 28   (p<0.05) and increased the NATEM clot formation time from 261s to 595s (p< 0.05). @entity526 significantly reduced the NATEM CT after 120min of incubation. C1- @entity19459 prevented @entity526 -induced activation (p< 0.05). @entity38524 significantly increased the INTEM CT (p< 0.05), but had no effect on EXTEM CT. @entity38524 (47.6 M) significantly reduced fibrinolysis measured as NATEM and EXTEM lysis indices LI60. CONCLUSIONS: Supraphysiological @entity38524 concentrations have dose-dependent anticoagulant effects in @entity1 whole blood in vitro. At very high levels @entity38524 also inhibits fibrinolysis.

title: XXXX efficiently delays clot development in normal @entity1 whole blood and inhibits @entity526 -induced coagulation measured by thromboelastometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic risks']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity19459 :: (710,Gene) :: ['C1-inhibitor']


abstract: RATIONALE: Epidemiological studies suggest that infections with helminths protect from the development of @entity565 . Supporting this view is our published finding that infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis decreased @entity10328 -induced @entity61 responses in the lung of @entity19 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if N. brasiliensis excretory-secretory products also prevent the development of @entity565 . METHODS: @entity19 were immunized with @entity10328 /alum intraperitoneally in the absence or presence of helminthic products and then challenged intranasally with @entity10328 . Six days later, we analyzed if the @entity19 developed @entity61 responses in the lung. MAIN RESULTS: The application of the helminthic products together with @entity10328 /alum during the sensitization period totally inhibited the development of @entity1712 and goblet cell metaplasia in the airways and also strongly reduced the development of @entity1224 . Allergen-specific @entity6527 and IgE serum levels were also strongly reduced. These findings correlated with decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity59 in the airways in product-treated animals. The suppressive effects on the development of @entity56 responses were independent of the presence of @entity26789 , @entity60 , and most important, @entity1618 . Interestingly, suppression was still observed when the helminthic products were heated or treated with proteinase K. Paradoxically, we found that strong helminth product-specific @entity61 responses were induced in parallel with the inhibition of @entity10328 -specific responses. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that helminths suppress the development of @entity565 by secreting substances that modulate @entity56 responses without affecting the generation of helminth-specific @entity61 immunity. The identification of these products may lead to the design of novel therapeutic intervention strategies for the treatment of @entity565 .

title: Helminth-derived products inhibit the development of XXXX responses in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: During recent decades an increasing number of case reports have pointed at a relation between @entity4726 and @entity356 . This relation has now been quantitatively documented in endoscopic screening studies. Among @entity1 with pernicious @entity417 the prevalence of @entity356 was 2-9%. Many of these @entity4303 , however, remain subclinical. The majority are @entity5 . Most are situated in the gastric body or fundus. Of 95 @entity1 with @entity4726 and @entity356 reported in the literature, 60 (63%) had @entity5 and 13 (14%) lymph node and/or hepatic metastases. Microscopically, the @entity5 , which are frequently of the enterochromaffin-like cell type, show various structural differentiations, glandular differentiation indicating malignant potential. Purely intramucosal @entity4303 have been described. The precurser lesion to such " @entity4303 ", as well as to infiltrating @entity4303 , is probably @entity1373 of endocrine cells in the @entity5932 . Such @entity1373 , whether nodular or diffuse, are quantitatively related to hypergastrinaemia, which is a typical feature of antrum sparing (type A) @entity4726 . @entity5 can be treated endoscopically, although antrectomy with abolition of hypergastrinemia may be the definitive treatment. It seems that the risk of developing @entity356 'per se' does not justify regular gastric screening in @entity1 with type A @entity4726 . However, as these @entity1 also run an increased risk of developing several benign diseases, @entity356 , and probably also @entity9451 , regular survey in selected cases is indicated.

title: @entity4726 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis type A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Most tumours', 'broadbased polypoid tumours', 'tumours', 'multicentric tumours']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic fundic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids', 'early carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric carcinoid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoid tumours']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 presented in December, 2010 with @entity3327 persistent for over a month. The @entity1 had no history of medications for @entity323 , penis @entity130 , or traumatic sexual activities. A blood gas measurement of the cavernosum was performed, but only @entity82 tissue was aspirated and no blood was obtained. Color-flow Doppler imaging of the penis revealed blood flow in the corpora cavernosa of the penis, suggesting the occurrence of @entity3327 . Enhanced chest and abdominal computed tomography revealed a left @entity8 , and the wall of the cyst showed contrast enhancement. No other obvious obstructive mass or @entity5 was detected in the pelvic cavity. Gradually, necrotic changes of the glans penis appeared, and total penectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of penectomy tissue specimens suggested @entity1358 metastases to the penis. Consequently, open left radical nephrectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis revealed @entity1358 pT2, and the @entity1 was diagnosed with stage IV (pT2N0M1) @entity1358 . Treatment was provided by intravenous temsirolimus therapy that resulted in partial remission and stable disease, which in turn relieved @entity5 .

title: [Malignant XXXX due to metastatic @entity1358 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cyst']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3327 :: ('MESH:D011317', 'Disease') :: ['priapism', 'nonischemic priapism']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3327 :: (MESH:D011317,Disease) :: ['priapism']


abstract: 1. @entity19 spinal cord (SC) cells in dissociated cell cultures showed strong electrophysiologic responses to @entity2227 , @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and @entity2228 when these were iontophoretically applied to the neurons. 2. The extrapolated reversal potential for the @entity2227 response was 20-30 mV negative in contrast to the positive extrapolated reversal potential for the SC-SC excitatory postsynaptic potential. The data are interpreted as indicating different ionic mechanisms for the @entity2227 response and the EPSP. 3. The reversal potentials for the @entity2228 and @entity1246 responses were similar to one another and to the IPSP reversal potential. The time course of the @entity2228 and @entity1246 responses were quite different from each other, however. 4. While some SC cells showed a relatively uniform sensitivity over their surfaces to iontophoretically applied @entity2227 , discrete regions of higher sensitivity occurred on most cells. 5. Release of excitatory and inhibitory transmitter could be elicited by focal application of @entity2227 and, in favorable instances, this could be shown to be due to the sensitivity of presynaptic terminals to the applied @entity2227 . Considerable spatial resolution of regions from which transmitter release could be elicited was achieved by this technique. Some correspondence between @entity2227 "hot spots" and such release sites was found.

title: XXXX spinal cord in cell culture. III. Neuronal chemosensitivity and its relationship to synaptic activity.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: The selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist @entity12182 is eliminated almost exclusively by non-renal mechanisms. As @entity8 can influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs even when eliminated by non-renal mechanisms, we evaluated the effect of @entity177 on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of tolvaptan. Thirty-seven @entity1 were grouped by a 24-h @entity1011 clearance ( @entity35105 ) and evaluated for 48   h after a single 60   mg oral dose in the fasting state. Mean tolvaptan exposure was 90% higher in the under 30-ml/min group compared with the over 60-ml/min group with individual values significantly but negatively correlated with increasing baseline @entity35105 . There was a greater and more rapid increase in urine output and free water clearance in the over 60-ml/min compared with the renal impaired groups, but they returned to baseline more quickly. Serum @entity1372 increased more rapidly in the over 60 as opposed to the under 30-ml/min group, but overall maximum increases were similar across groups. Small decreases in mean @entity35105 and small increases in mean serum @entity1011 / @entity972 were independent of baseline @entity35105 . The percent fractional free water clearance with respect to @entity35105 was significantly but negatively correlated with increasing baseline @entity35105 . No unexpected adverse events were reported. Thus, @entity8 attenuated the increase in 24-h urine volume and free water clearance caused by tolvaptan, consistent with decreased nephron function in @entity8 . The delay in serum @entity1372 increase was consistent with the longer duration needed to excrete sufficient water to cause the increase.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tolvaptan in XXXX with varying degrees of renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity12182 :: ('MESH:C116664', 'Chemical') :: ['tolvaptan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the associations of left ventricular (LV) strain and its serial change with major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity101 , independent of and incremental to clinical and LV geometric parameters. BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity101 , MACE are associated with abnormal LV morphology, but their association with subclinical @entity1002 is unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 388 asymptomatic nonischemic @entity1 with @entity101 who had abnormal LV geometry at a baseline echocardiogram between 2005 and 2014. @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) was measured using speckle tracking. @entity1 were followed for MACE ( @entity204 and admission because of @entity712 , @entity583 , and @entity64 ) over median of 4 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of parameters with MACE. RESULTS: MACE (n  = 72; 19%) were associated with higher prevalence of @entity1184 and @entity73 (both, p  < 0.01). The association of @entity6475 with MACE was independent of and @entity922 and @entity1184 . Echocardiographic follow-up was performed in 55 @entity1 (median duration, 3 years); deterioration in @entity6475 was also associated with the 10 @entity1 experiencing MACE after the second echo. A risk score was developed using age >70, @entity955 , @entity1184 , and baseline @entity6475 >-16% from the derivation cohort (C statistic, 0.71), and a separate validation cohort showed it to have good discrimination for MACE (C statistic, 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6475 and its deterioration are associated with MACE in asymptomatic @entity101 . A risk score incorporating strain was useful for predicting risk of MACE.

title: Prognostic Implications of LV Strain Risk  Score  in  Asymptomatic XXXX With  @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['incremental to clinical parameters']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired GLS']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Global longitudinal strain', 'GLS']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Research that explores being a parent or grandparent with musculoskeletal problems has been fairly limited to date. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of parenting in the context of @entity615 ( @entity615 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ), with a particular focus on the extent and nature of childcare experiences and to compare these experiences across the three groups. In addition, the possible reasons for these reported experiences, the availability of advice and support and the development of strategies for coping were explored using a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A total of 448 @entity1 was recruited from relevant charitable organizations and the National Health Service (280 with @entity615 , 106 with @entity1691 and 62 with @entity309 ). A combination of opportunistic and random sampling was used. Quantitative data were analysed with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 10). Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Results indicate that a high proportion of all groups experienced a wide range of difficulties with parenting (81% @entity615 , 77% @entity1691 , 97% @entity309 ). The most prevalent problems were similar for all three groups: lifting baby/ @entity1 from the floor or cot, encouraging @entity1 /grandchildren to help with domestic chores and keeping up (in terms of energy) with @entity1 /grandchildren. However, the @entity309 group reported having greater difficulties than the other two groups. Very little advice was offered to @entity1 with parenting difficulties which may indicate a gap in service provision. However, a wide range of strategies for coping were described by respondents. The study highlighted a need for healthcare professionals to develop a greater awareness of parenting issues and to provide opportunities for these issues to be addressed.

title: Being a parent or grandparent with @entity615 , XXXX or @entity309 : a descriptive postal survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Using a gerbil model of severe, temporary focal @entity63 (3 h unilateral @entity432 ), preliminary experiments identified an involvement of neutrophils in the reperfusion injury to the @entity63 hemisphere. The present experiments were designed to (1) quantitate the temporal accumulation of neutrophils in the gerbil model, (2) determine if @entity786 -induced @entity1398 provided cytoprotection to the @entity63 hemisphere, and (3) attempt to correlate the cytoprotective efficacy of @entity18651 with possible effects on postischemic neutrophil accumulation. Following 3 h of unilateral @entity432 , animals were collected at increasing times of reperfusion and the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the lateral cortex were assessed for @entity528 using a semiquantitative index (N.D.I.) of 0 (no damage) to 4 (>75% neuronal loss). The extent of neutrophil accumulation was determined by counting intensely cytochrome oxidase-positive cells. Minimal @entity528 was evident after 2 h of reperfusion, mean N.D.I. = 0.36. However, between 2 and 4 h of reperfusion, @entity528 did not increase. By 6 h of reperfusion, the @entity528 began to proceed at an accelerated rate, N.D.I. = 0.78. By 12 h, the N.D.I. reached 3.20. The accelerated @entity528 coincided with parenchymal invasion of neutrophils. @entity786 administration delayed @entity528 in the hippocampus, but exhibited a more sustained protective effect in the lateral cortex. Administration of @entity18651 also resulted in a significant reduction in neutrophil accumulation and significant neuronal protection in both brain areas. Thus, in this gerbil model of transient, but prolonged focal @entity2806 , neutrophils appear to play an active role in the reperfusion injury to brain tissue. Our experiments confirm the previously demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy of @entity18651 in this model and provide evidence for a similar protective effect of @entity786 . Although other effects of this antioxidant are also thought to contribute to the overall efficacy, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that one mechanism by which tirilazad acts involves limiting the ability of neutrophils to participate in the reperfusion phase of @entity2806 .

title: @entity786 is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of transient severe focal @entity2806 : correlation with effects of @entity18651 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity18651 :: ('MESH:C053355', 'Chemical') :: ['tirilazad mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity18651 :: (MESH:C053355,Chemical) :: ['U-74006F']


abstract: Although oral @entity288 are effective for the treatment of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ), the possibility of @entity134 -induced exacerbation of symptoms, especially during the initial course of @entity134 therapy, has limited their use @entity1 with severe @entity1737 . However, the factors influencing or predicting in exacerbation are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical factors that predict the initial paradoxical exacerbation of @entity1737 in response to @entity134 therapy. Fifty-five consecutive @entity1 who were administered for the first time high doses of @entity229 (40-80 mg) in a tertiary medical centre in Seoul, were included. @entity229 -induced exacerbation was defined as a significant reduction in a @entity1 's @entity1737 Severity Scale (MSS) score within 4 weeks of @entity229 administration. We divided the @entity1 into two groups on the basis of whether or not they experienced @entity229 -induced exacerbation, and investigated the differences between the two groups with respect to clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological features. Twenty-three @entity1 (42%) experienced definite exacerbation after @entity229 therapy. Older age, predominantly severe bulbar symptoms, and low MSS score were found to be significant clinical predictors of exacerbation by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A high daily dosage of @entity229 relative to body weight was found to be neither a predictor of exacerbation nor a predictor of early improvement in bivariate correlation analysis. @entity134 -induced exacerbation in @entity1737 is a frequently encountered and challenging problem. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of exacerbation of @entity1737 when prescribing @entity229 , especially when treating elderly, bulbar dominant, or severely @entity8491 @entity1 .

title: Clinical predictors of XXXX -induced exacerbation in @entity1737 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1689 develop massive @entity1143 in less than 1% and its frequency as the first clinical manifestation of the disease is unknown. Three @entity1 with massive @entity1143 and @entity1353 which led to the diagnosis of @entity1689 are referred. The @entity1 were 28, 37 and 41 years old, they were hard-drinking and they came to the hospital because of quick and progressive @entity1353 , with @entity519 and @entity13147 . Two @entity1 had right and one left @entity1143 . The thoracothentesis gave 10, 9 and 3.5 l of serohematic liquid rich in pancreatic enzymes. All cases showed tomographic changes of @entity1689 and @entity9007 . Only in one of them the link between the pseudocyst and @entity1143 through a @entity292 in the right support of the diaphragm could be identified. The different therapeutic possibilities are discussed. @entity292 diagnosis should be considered in @entity1 with massive fast @entity1143 and a history of high @entity167 intake. High levels of pancreatic enzymes in the pleural liquid confirm the diagnosis.

title: [Massive XXXX secondary to pancreatic-pleural fistula as first manifestation of @entity1689 . Report of three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Pancreatopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The association between materialist, mixed and post-materialist values, and the experience of @entity835 smoking among young adults was investigated. METHODS: The 2004 public health survey in Sk  ne, southern Sweden, is a cross-sectional study with a 59% response rate. The 6787 @entity1 aged 18-34 years included in this study answered a postal questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between materialist, mixed and post-materialist values and ever having experienced @entity835 smoking. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the importance of possible confounders (age and education) on the differences in ever having experienced @entity835 smoking according to materialist, mixed and post-materialist values. RESULTS: 28% of the @entity1 and 17% of the @entity1 had ever experienced @entity835 smoking. The experience of @entity835 smoking was significantly and positively associated with post-materialist values among both @entity1 and @entity1 . The odds ratios were 2.4 (1.8-3.1) for @entity1 with post-materialist values compared to @entity1 with materialist values, and 3.1 (2.4-4.0) for @entity1 with post-materialist values compared to @entity1 with materialist values. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that post-materialist values are positively associated with the risk of ever smoking @entity835 . Because this is a cross-sectional study, the direction of causality remains to be investigated.

title: Materialist and post-materialist values and XXXX smoking among young adults: a population-based study in southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: Urokinase ( @entity16372 ) and its receptor (uPAR) play an important role in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Targeting the excessive activation of this system as well as the proliferation of the @entity5 vascular endothelial cell would be expected to prevent @entity5 and halt the @entity5 development. In this regard, the @entity1472 -terminal fragment (ATF) of urokinase has been confirmed as effective to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of @entity5 cells via interrupting the interaction of @entity16372 and uPAR. Previous studies indicated that ATF expressed in @entity526 was mainly contained in inclusion bodies and also lacked posttranslational modifications. In this study, the biologically active and soluble ATF was cloned and expressed in @entity10056 . The recombinant protein was purified to be homogenous and confirmed to be biologically active. The yield of the active ATF was about 30 mg/l of the @entity10056 culture medium. The recombinant ATF (rATF) could efficiently inhibit angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, and @entity5 cell invasion in vitro. Furthermore, it could inhibit in vivo xenograft @entity5 growth and prolong the survival of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 significantly by competing with @entity16372 for binding to cell surfaces. Therefore, @entity10056 is a highly efficient and cost-effective expression system for large-scale production of biologically active rATFs for potential therapeutic application.

title: Expression, purification, and biological characterization of the @entity1472 -terminal fragment of urokinase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor neovasculature', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: AIMS: Fosinoprilat, the active product of @entity10959 , is eliminated by an hepatic pathway in addition to the renal pathway shared by other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). This study aimed to determine whether @entity8 affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination of @entity10959 and @entity918 ( @entity918 ). METHODS: The study had a parallel-group design comparing @entity1 with @entity8 and body-mass-index-matched normal controls. The study was done in a University clinic in 13 @entity1 with @entity8 (mean @entity1011 clearance 55.7+/-15.6 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ) and 13 age-, sex-, and body-mass-index-matched normal controls (mean @entity1011 clearance 102.4+/-8.9 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ). All @entity1 and normal controls received @entity10959 20 mg and @entity918 12.5 mg as a daily oral administration on days 1-5. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity37330 and @entity918 were determined from blood and urine samples obtained over 48 h starting on Day 1 (single dose) and Day 5 (steady state): maximum serum concentration (Cmax ), time to maximum serum concentration (tmax ), area under the serum concentration-time curve during the dosing interval (AUC), cumulative urinary excretion (CUE) and the accumulation index (AI; ratio of AUC-day 5/AUC-day 1). Pharmacodynamic parameters were also measured over 24 h on day 1 and over 48 h on day 5: serum ACE activity and arterial blood pressure. RESULTS: Fosinoprilat pharmacokinetic parameters on day 1 in @entity8 vs normal @entity1 : Cmax=387+/-0.19 vs 324+/-0.25 ng ml-1 (P=0.07); tmax=3.5 vs 3.0 h (P=0.58); AUC=3510+/-0.29 vs 2701+/-0.35 ng ml-1 h (P=0. 072); CUE=5.08+/-2.70 vs 7.40+/-2.56% (P=0.009). Fosinoprilat parameters on day 5: Cmax=517+/-0.40 vs 357+/-0.19 ng ml-1 (P=0. 007); tmax=3.0 vs 3.0 h (P >0.99); AUC=4098+/-0.43 vs 2872+/-0.30 ng ml-1 h (P=0.027); CUE=6.81+/-3.53 vs 8.10+/-2.80% (P=0.068). AI=1. 17+/-0.33 vs 1.06+/-0.23 (P=0.29). In both groups ACE inhibition and blood pressure response were similar over 24 h and slightly greater 48 h after last dosing. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity8 subjects @entity10959 and @entity918 can be coadministered without undue increases in fosinoprilat concentrations or any clinically significant pharmacodynamic effects. This is probably due to the dual excretory pathways for fosinoprilat.

title: @entity10959 / XXXX : single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renally impaired', 'renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['HCTZ', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity10959 :: ('MESH:D017328', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinopril', 'fosinopril sodium']

entities_list: @entity37330 :: ('MESH:C046965', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinoprilat']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity918 :: (MESH:D006852,Chemical) :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of deletions on chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 14, 18 and 22 in 75 benign and 15 @entity1653 and correlate them with clinical findings. Paired normal and @entity5 DNA samples were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), using 24 microsatellite markers and PCR techniques. Statistical analysis showed that deletions on chromosomes 14 and 18 were significantly associated with @entity5 grade of @entity1653 (p = 0.048 and p = 0.03, respectively). In addition, we found a marginally increased frequency of LOH on chromosome 9 in @entity1653 (p = 0.06). Interestingly, LOH on chromosome 14 was significantly associated with @entity5 size (p = 0.049), as the risk of developing a @entity5 of more than 4 cm in diameter was 6-times the risk of developing @entity5 with diameter below 4 cm. The most frequent @entity74 in @entity1653 is 22 LOH, which seems to be confirmed by the present study in which high frequency of such abnormality was observed (67%). We found associations between chromosome 22 status and histological subtype. LOH on chromosome 22 was more frequent in @entity82 than in the meningothelial variant (p = 0.001). Besides that, we found a relationship between 22 LOH status and @entity5 localization: the frequency of LOH in skull base-localized @entity5 was significantly lower compared to @entity1653 (p = 0.0004). Our results indicated that allelic loss on chromosomes 9, 10, 14, 18 and 22 may be associated with @entity1653 pathogenesis and progression.

title: Molecular alterations in XXXX : association with clinical data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['parasagittal meningiomas', 'atypical meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe a novel technique and assess an initial series of hand-assisted laparoscopic ureterolysis for the treatment of @entity3807 . METHODS: Five @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , mean age 56.4 years) with @entity1695 secondary to @entity3807 underwent bilateral hand-assisted laparoscopic ureterolysis with biopsy. These @entity1 had undergone an imaging evaluation with excretory urography, computed tomography, furosemide washout @entity377 scan, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. All had ureteral stents placed before or at surgery. A periumbilical hand port, bilateral 10-mm perirectal camera ports, and bilateral 5-mm or 10-mm working ports were placed. The ureters were completely mobilized and placed intraperitoneally. The @entity1 demographic, operative, and early and late postoperative data were collected. RESULTS: The average operating room time was 259 minutes (range 215 to 300), and the estimated @entity190 was 80 mL (range 50 to 200). The mean hospital stay was 4.20 days (range 3 to 5). One minor intraoperative @entity1901 and no @entity260 occurred. The mean analgesic requirement was 45.6 mg @entity1286 (range 20 to 88). Three @entity1 also received 120 mg of parenteral @entity6058 . All indwelling ureteral stents were removed by 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. At 22.4 months (range 12 to 29) postoperatively, 90% of the renal units were unobstructed. CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic ureterolysis is an effective minimally invasive technique with less morbidity than open ureterolysis. It offers a shorter operative time and is less technically challenging than conventional laparoscopy. It is our preferred surgical approach for @entity3807 .

title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic ureterolysis to treat @entity1695 secondary to XXXX : assessment of a novel technique and initial series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injury']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'obstructive retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: @entity101 in @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis is thought to be largely of two types--volume dependent or @entity916 dependent. If @entity916 -dependent @entity101 is mediated by @entity2178 , then @entity2178 antagonism should lower blood pressure. To test this hypothesis, the @entity2178 antagonist @entity11605 was given to 15 @entity101 @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis. @entity1 were separated into two groups by their blood pressure response. In responders blood pressure was 191/112 mm Hg and fell to 147/85 during @entity11605 administration (P less than 0.01). In contrast, nonresponders had blood pressures of 190/111 mm Hg before and 188/110 during @entity11605 administration. Five responders subsequently ahd nephrectomies with normalization of their blood pressures. Plasma @entity916 activity averaged 70 ng/ml . 3 h of @entity2178 in responders and increased to 110 after @entity11605 (P less than 0.05), while nonresponders had values of 21 before and after @entity11605 . These results offer strong support for the hypothesis that @entity916 -dependent @entity101 is an important mechanism in certain @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis and that such @entity1 will respond to @entity2178 antagonism.

title: Effect of @entity11605 in @entity101 XXXX on chronic hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1180 ( @entity1180 ) is a common cause of @entity102 ( @entity102 ); however, the condition is infrequently mentioned in recent rhinosinusitis guidelines and often overlooked as a cause of @entity1244 by otolaryngologists, dentists, and radiologists. The goal of this survey is to assess otolaryngologists' perceptions of the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity1180 . STUDY DESIGN: Physician survey. METHODS: Ninety-three board certified otolaryngologists in the United States completed a 17-question survey on etiologies of @entity102 , which also included questions on alternative diagnoses and radiologic findings to reduce respondent bias toward the survey's focus on odontogenic @entity1244 . Results were compared between self-reported general otolaryngologists and rhinologists. RESULTS: Both groups recognized an odontogenic source as a common cause of maxillary @entity1244 and reported treating an average of 2.9 @entity1 per year with @entity1180 who were initially misdiagnosed. Most otolaryngologists surveyed perceived radiologists to never or rarely report on dental pathology in their sinus computed tomography (CT) interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Both general otolaryngologists and rhinologists recognize odontogenic @entity1244 is common, although often initially misdiagnosed. With increasing awareness of @entity1180 , we believe that otolaryngologists and radiologists will review sinus CT scans for the presence of periapical @entity733 and dental pathology. The otolaryngologist should suspect an odontogenic etiology of purulent maxillary @entity102 in @entity1 failing to improve with antibiotics, regardless of a negative dental workup.

title: Otolaryngologists' perceptions of odontogenic maxillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['OMS', 'Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: The inhibitory effect of @entity1242 (NG) on contractile responses to @entity7202 (MO) and @entity1338 (CL) was investigated in isolated @entity95 renal and femoral arteries. NG (10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l) inhibited the responses to MO and CL in a noncompetitive manner and its inhibitory effect on CL-responses was much greater than that on the MO-responses. In the presence of @entity5333 , however, NG (10(-5) mol/l) markedly inhibited the residual response to MO. Contractile responses to @entity4338 or added @entity141 in a @entity141 -free medium containing @entity4338 were slightly inhibited by NG. In the presence of @entity594 , NG (10(-5) mol/l) markedly inhibited residual responses to CL but it only slightly inhibited the response to MO. In a @entity141 -free medium with EGTA, MO (10(-5) mol/l) or CL (10(-5) mol/l) induced a phasic contraction. NG had a greater inhibitory effect on the response to CL than MO. In a @entity141 -free medium with EGTA, @entity594 and MO (10(-5) mol/l) or CL (10(-5) mol/l), @entity141 induced a tonic contraction. NG inhibited the @entity141 -response in the presence of CL, but it had little or no effect on the @entity141 -response in the presence of MO. These results suggest that in @entity95 renal and femoral arteries, the potent inhibitory effect of NG on the responses to CL as compared to MO may be due to differences in the amount of receptor reserves that exist for both the agonists. In addition, the inhibition of voltage-dependent @entity141 channels may not play a major role in the vasoinhibitory action of NG. Further, NG inhibits contractile responses due to mobilization of intracellular @entity141 much more than the responses due to receptor-activated, @entity594 -insensitive @entity141 -movement.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity1242 on contractile responses to @entity7202 and XXXX in isolated @entity95 renal and femoral arteries.

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are considered the standard of care for @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination of @entity5 and are increasingly being evaluated for use in @entity1 with @entity189 from @entity694 . @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is one of the most frequently used HIPEC agents in the management of peritoneal-based @entity344 . This study analyzes the incidence and risk factors for developing @entity1398 following @entity1139 -HIPEC combined with @entity1104 . METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 and @entity1139 -HIPEC for @entity5 between January 1993 and October 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the development of @entity1398 , defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1,000/mm(3). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty @entity1139 -HIPEC were performed in 117 @entity1 with @entity5 . The incidence of @entity1398 was 39%. @entity1398 occurred in 57.6% of female and 21.3% of male @entity1 (p < 0.0001). Female gender and @entity1139 dose per body surface area (BSA) were independent risk factors for @entity1398 on multivariable logistic regression [odds ratio (OR) of @entity1398 in females = 3.58 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.52, 8.43); OR for 5 unit (mg/m(2)) increase in @entity1139 dose per BSA = 3.37 (95% CI: 1.72, 6.63)]. @entity1398 did not increase the risk of mortality, @entity86 or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: @entity1398 is a frequent complication associated with @entity1139 -HIPEC. Female sex and @entity1139 dose per BSA are independent risk factors for @entity1398 . These differences must be considered in the management of @entity1 undergoing @entity1139 -HIPEC to minimize the @entity137 of the procedure.

title: Incidence, risk factors, and impact of severe XXXX after hyperthermic intraperitoneal @entity1138 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: We analyzed and tried to characterize substance(s) responsible for cytotoxic activities detected in culture media conditioned by non pigmented B16 @entity320 cells (NPB16). The different cytological tests used showed that ultrafiltrated conditioned media (CM U1 fraction) contained several cytotoxic factors with a Mw lower than 1000 Da. These factors seemed to act either directly or indirectly on cell membranes, mitochondria, on the cell cycle and on protein and DNA synthesis. A cytotoxic activity could be found even after high dilution of CM U1. These cytotoxic factors were rapidly released by B16 cells in culture, independently of cell confluence. Their activities in the treated cells were also very fast and the cytotoxic effects were irreversible after only a few hours of treatment. These factors were not intermediate products during melanogenesis, neither @entity4663 , nor proteases. At least one of them seemed to be a small acidic and basic stable peptide without @entity1520 bounds but not heat stable. The synthesis of at least one of these cytotoxic factors was inhibited by @entity1880 and the cytotoxic activity was partially destroyed by pronase and trypsin, but not by pepsin. The @entity137 was not modified by @entity920 complexants or free radical inhibitors (bovine serum albumin (BSA), @entity669 , @entity42981 dismutase (SOD), catalase, @entity270 ). Furthermore the levels of @entity2041 peroxydase activity and reduced @entity2041 did not change after treatment by CM U1 as compared to controls.

title: Characterization of non pigmented B16 XXXX cell-derived cytotoxic factors.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity42981 :: ('CHEBI:18421', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxyde']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) is the key for ecological risk assessment and has become a focus of the study. Generally, extrapolation was used to derive PNEC values by different evaluation approaches according to results of single species @entity137 test. However, PNEC values were different for the same @entity137 data for the same chemicals if extrapolation methods were different. To evaluate PNEC values derived by different assessment methods, PNEC values of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) were calculated using three different approaches, i. e. point estimation, statistical evaluation as well as interval evaluation. At the same time, the main factors controlling PNEC values were analyzed. The results showed that PNEC values for @entity212 by different assessment factors were 0.420 microg x L(-1) for acute @entity137 data and 0.500 microg x L(-1) for chronic @entity137 data, respectively. The PNEC values for @entity212 by statistical evaluation were 10.1 microg x L(-1) for probit unit and 8.10 microg x L(-1) for logit unit. The values derived by interval evaluation were 6.00 microg x L(-1) for PNEC-L95% and 11.8 microg x L(-1) for PNEC-L50%, respectively. PNECs obtained by the point estimation were the lowest and lower one order of magnitude than the PNEC values obtained by the other two methods. The PNEC values derived by the statistical assessment and interval evaluation were very similar. In addition, @entity137 data type and statistical models have little effect on PNEC value for @entity212 with a great body of @entity137 data. The results indicated that statistical evaluation and interval evaluation methods should be selected to derive PNEC values for well-studied substances like @entity212 , while point estimation should be used in preliminary screening assessment of chemicals to determine whether the effect is of concern.

title: [Comparison of aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) XXXX derived from different assessment approaches].

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity211 :: (MESH:D010416,Chemical) :: ['pentachlorophenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity241 ( @entity241 ) is a low-grade @entity1489 that may also infiltrate dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Although the mainstay of treatment has been wide local excision, during the last decade three-dimensional (3D) histology surgery has proven very effective for the treatment of this @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D histology surgery for the treatment of @entity241 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of @entity1 with @entity241 treated in our unit with 3D histology surgery between April 2000 and May 2011. Age at onset, gender, duration of @entity5 , previous treatment, lesion site, number of surgical stages, postsurgical defect size, closure technique, and follow-up were registered. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity1 were included. Mean @entity1 age was 40.7 years. Fifteen lesions were located on the trunk, 11 on the extremities, and 3 in the head and neck region. Twelve @entity1 had @entity5 and 17 were referred to us after incomplete excision. The average number of 3D histology surgical stages required for @entity5 clearance was 1.4. Mean postsurgical defect size was 26 cm(2). All lateral and deep borders excised were @entity5 -free. Mean follow-up period was 68 months (range 12-142 months) with a 0% recurrence rate. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective review. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional histology surgery with paraffin sections is effective for the treatment of @entity241 and feasible in an outpatient setting. The low recurrence rates obtained confirm the oncologic efficacy of the procedure. Furthermore, designing closure on the basis of focally affected margins improves functional and aesthetic outcomes without compromising oncological effectiveness.

title: Three-dimensional histology for XXXX : case series and surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'DFSP']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), there is evidence for activation of peripheral T-lymphocytes that predominantly express a T helper 1 (T(H)1) cytokine bias. However, the immunomodulatory factors involved in regulating this response have so far received scant attention. In this study, we examine the effects of the glucocorticoid, @entity619 , and the @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) ligand, @entity6170 on the expression of @entity379 (T(H)1) and @entity3646 (T(H)2) by activated peripheral @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity2621 (n = 10) and healthy control subjects (n = 12). METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity1360 in the presence or absence of varying doses of @entity619 and @entity6170 (0.01 microM, 1.0 microM, and 100 microM). Cytokine expression was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity404 expression was greater in @entity2621 than controls (14.87 versus 9.25; p < 0.05 and 21.34 versus 10.16; p < 0.01, respectively). A dose-dependent inhibition of @entity379 expression was seen with @entity619 and @entity6170 . Inhibition of @entity404 expression with both @entity619 and @entity6170 was greater in control subjects than in @entity1 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity3646 expression between @entity1 and control groups and its expression remained unaffected by either compound. CONCLUSIONS: We show that @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes from @entity2621 @entity1 express a type 1 cytokine bias that is significantly more resistant to in vitro modulation by @entity6170 and @entity619 . Further studies are needed to clarify if this resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ).

title: Peripheral cytokine expression in @entity1669 : effects of in vitro modulation by @entity6170 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis", 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbolmyristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma', 'PPAR-gamma']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Atrioventricular (AV) conduction, ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction, and the mechanism of @entity591 , were studied by programmed electrical stimulation before and after the administration of @entity1855 , in 10 @entity1 with paroxysmal re-entrant @entity4710 . In 7 @entity1 the @entity591 circuit was confined to the AV node. In 3 @entity1 an accessory pathway conducting only in the ventriculoatrial direction was used during @entity591 . When administered intravenously during @entity591 , @entity1855 terminated the @entity943 in 9 @entity1 . @entity1855 lengthened the effective and the functional refractory period of the AV node and the AV nodal transmission time in all @entity1 in whom this could be studied. As a result of these changes, it was not possible to initiate @entity591 in 3 @entity1 . The width of the zone of atrial premature beats able to initiate @entity591 (the @entity591 zone) narrowed in 5 @entity1 , and increased in 2 @entity1 . In 6 of these 7 @entity1 the @entity591 zone shifted to longer premature beat intervals. @entity1855 resulted in slowing of the heart rate during @entity591 . Apart from slowing in heart rate during @entity591 and termination of @entity591 after intravenous @entity1855 , the 3 @entity1 with an accessory pathway showed no beneficial effect of @entity1855 on the mechanism of initiation of @entity591 . Five @entity1 were restudied after 2 to 3 weeks of oral administration of @entity1855 . Though less, effects were similar to those obtained after intravenous administration.

title: Effect of @entity1855 studied by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in @entity1 with paroxysmal re-entrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1 treated with laryngectomy had less comorbidity than those treated with chemoradiation, which could help explain the improved survival for the laryngectomy cohorts in recent studies. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. @entity1 : @entity1 receiving diagnoses of primary invasive @entity957 of the larynx between 2003 and 2008 were selected from the National @entity5 Database, which collects information from more than 1400 facilities accredited by the American College of Surgeons' Commission on @entity5 . @entity1 -level independent variables included age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, race/ethnicity, primary payer status, and @entity10688 code-level education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary treatment information. The association between treatment and @entity1 clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-level and @entity10688 code-level socioeconomic status variables were analyzed using univariate statistics and multivariate models. Charlson Deyo Comorbidity and The Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index scores were calculated from the hospital face sheet. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that receipt of treatment (chemoradiation vs total laryngectomy) was significantly associated with comorbidity. Treatment was not significantly associated with insurance status, race/ethnicity, or age. @entity1 with comorbidity were less likely to receive chemoradiation than subtotal or total laryngectomy, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.87) for @entity1 with 1 or more comorbidities compared with those without any comorbidity, after controlling for factors such as @entity5 stage, age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and socioeconomic status. @entity1 were also less likely to receive chemoradiation than total laryngectomy if they had stage IV disease (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.83) and if they had been diagnosed at a teaching or research institution (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77-0.84). @entity1 were more likely to receive chemoradiation if they were diagnosed after 2003 (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.30-1.45) or if they lived in a @entity10688 code with a high percentage of high school graduates (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study, to our knowledge, that demonstrates that @entity1 with advanced @entity5 with 1 or more comorbidities are more likely to receive surgery than chemoradiation compared with @entity1 without any comorbidity, independent of numerous clinical and nonclinical variables among a large national cohort. A limitation of this study is the use of comorbidity data from the National @entity5 Database, which gathers its information from hospital discharge face sheets. We recognize that the National @entity5 Database may be an imperfect system for the collection of comorbidity data and encourage discussion on different methods to improve the system, including incorporating comorbidity data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Database and medical chart-based comorbidity data collection by @entity5 registrars.

title: The impact of comorbidity on treatment (chemoradiation and laryngectomy) of advanced, nondistant metastatic @entity5 : a review of 16  849 cases from the national XXXX database (2003-2008).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['advanced squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in the @entity35 is a T-cell mediated, chronic inflammatory stress in which circulating @entity568 levels are elevated. In addition, there are profound neuroendocrine changes associated with the development of hind-paw @entity32 which have major implications for the ability of the @entity35 to respond the to stress. Central injection of @entity1286 is also able to increase circulating @entity568 concentration in control animals. In the present study we have determined the effects of a single injection of @entity1286 into the lateral ventricle of control and @entity1753 animals on plasma @entity2819 levels, on changes in plasma @entity2819 and on @entity568 and @entity568 receptor mRNAs in the pituitary and adrenal gland. @entity568 and @entity568 receptor mRNAs were increased in the anterior pituitary of @entity1753 @entity35 given moprhine compared with saline-treated @entity1753 @entity35 . In the adrenal cortex, @entity568 mRNA was unaltered and @entity568 receptor mRNA was significantly decreased under these same conditions. @entity1753 @entity35 were unable to mount @entity2819 response to acute stress but were able to respond to acute stimulation with e.g. @entity558 . In the present study we found a sustained increase in plasma @entity2819 in control animals which was still significantly elevated 2 hours following @entity1286 injection, with a further significant increase in @entity1753 @entity35 . These data suggest that alternative systems distinct from those activated in response to acute stress are activated by @entity1286 in the @entity1753 animals. The similarity with the sustained increase in @entity2819 following @entity558 injection suggest that either similar pathways are involved, or that central opiates may be involved in mediating @entity2270 response to stress.

title: Central injection of @entity1286 stimulates plasma @entity2819 and XXXX and IL-6 R mRNAs in the pituitary and adrenals in adjuvant-induced arthritis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Adjuvant-induced arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity568 :: (24498(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['interleukin (IL)-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is an increased risk of @entity1820 and smoking-related diseases after partial gastrectomy for peptic @entity1066 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term @entity5 incidence and mortality after parietal cell vagotomy ( @entity1485 ), a surgical method with a low rate of side effects, but creating @entity17313 in the stomach mimicking long-term treatment with antisecretory drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on 383 @entity1066 @entity1 operated on with @entity1485 during 1971-80 at Lund University Hospital were compared with the national registers for cause of @entity204 and @entity5 incidence for selected diagnoses. Median follow-up was 28 years and 31 years, respectively. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. RESULTS: An increased incidence of @entity5 in the respiratory organs (SIR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08-3.31) and @entity263 (SIR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.22-2.69) was found, and among @entity1 also an increased @entity263 (SMR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.41-8.38) and chronic @entity1576 ( @entity21233 .76, 95% CI: 1.01-6.02). Overall mortality was similar to that of the background population and no increased risk of @entity344 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 operated on with @entity1485 have a long-term increased risk of smoking-related diseases, but @entity1485 does not seem to increase the risk of @entity1820 . An increased risk of, and @entity263 was found, a @entity5 previously not found to be related to smoking. This might be the result of surgery-induced @entity17313 , which warrants further investigation in @entity1 on long-term proton-pump inhibitors.

title: Increased XXXX and smoking-related disease after parietal cell vagotomy: a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['mortality in prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17313 :: ('MESH:D000126', 'Disease') :: ['hypochlorhydria']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['mortality in prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on exercise tolerance in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS: A total of 50 @entity712 @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 49% by echocardiography were enrolled. And they were randomly divided into exercise group (n = 25) and non-exercise group (n = 25). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed. The @entity1 of exercise group underwent an aerobic exercise program in which exercise intensity was decided by anaerobic threshold (AT) before 10 J/s while those of non-exercise group performed daily activities. After 6 sessions of supervised aerobic exercise, the home-based aerobic exercise training began. CPET was re-examined 3 months later. RESULTS: The VO(2) AT, VO(2) peak, @entity9420 , Load peak, peak VO(2)/HR and VE/VCO(2) slope at baseline were similar between exercise group and non-exercise group (P > 0.05). The VO(2) AT, VO(2) peak, @entity9420 , Load peak and peak VO(2)/HR in @entity1 of exercise group were increased compared with baseline, The differences between baseline and 3 months later expressed as /\VO(2) AT, /\VO(2) peak, /\ @entity9420 , /\Load peak, /\peak VO(2)/HR and /\VE/VCO(2) slope, The differences of /\VO(2) AT, /\VO(2) peak, /\ @entity9420 , /\Load peak and /\peak VO(2)/HR between two groups were statistically significant [/\VO(2) AT: 2.8 (1.2 - 3.5) ml kg(-1) min(-1) vs -0.3 (-2.8 - 0.1) ml kg(-1) min(-1), P < 0.01; /\VO(2) peak: 3.4 (1.8 - 4.6) ml kg(-1) min(-1) vs -0.5 (-1.4 - 0.3) ml kg(-1) min(-1), P < 0.01; /\ @entity9420 :15.0 (2.5 - 22.5) J/s vs 0.5(-4.2 - 3.8) J/s, P < 0.01; /\Load peak: 15.0 (1.3 - 25.0) J/s vs 0.0 (-8.8 - 15.0) J/s, P < 0.05; /\peak VO(2)/HR: 2.3 (0.0 - 4.0) ml kg(-1) beat(-1) vs -0.1 (-0.7 - 1.2) ml kg(-1) beat(-1), P < 0.01]. The difference of /\VE/VCO(2) slope was not statistically significant [-2.3 (-12.2 - 1.8) vs 1.0 (-0.4 - 2.6), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION: After 3 months of aerobic exercise, exercise capacity may improve in the @entity712 @entity1 .

title: [Effects of aerobic exercise on exercise tolerance in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: During recent years, two strategies of incretin-based therapy [ @entity5445 ( @entity8142 agonism and @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibition] have entered the market for pharmacological management of @entity164 2 @entity6 . A main indication for this therapy is as add-on to on-going @entity2449 therapy in subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who have insufficient glycaemic control with @entity2449 alone. The aim of this study was to compare improvements in glycaemic control and changes in body weight, as well as adverse events, in comparable studies with incretin-based therapy as add-on to @entity2449 . METHODS: Studies having a duration of 16-30 weeks were identified from PubMed. RESULTS: A total of 27 study groups in 21 studies fulfilled the criteria of examining incretin-based therapy as add-on to @entity2449 at clinically recommended doses in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 for 16-30 weeks; 7 of these used a short-acting @entity8142 agonist (exenatide @entity5353 ), 7 used longer acting @entity8142 agonists (liraglutide or exenatide LAR), whereas 14 studies examined @entity5735 inhibitors. In all studies, incretin-based therapy reduced HbA1c concentrations. The reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater in study groups with long-acting @entity8142 agonists than with the other two groups (both p < 0.001), whereas there were no differences between exenatide @entity5353 and @entity5735 inhibitors. Across all study groups, there was a negative linear correlation between baseline @entity4051 c and change in HbA1c (r = -0.70; p < 0.001). Fasting @entity413 also fell significantly more in study groups given liraglutide or exenatide LAR than in those given exenatide @entity5353 or @entity5735 inhibitors (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, body weight was reduced by a similar extent in the two groups with @entity8142 agonists and was not significantly altered in the groups with @entity5735 inhibitors. Lipids, blood pressure and heart rate were not reported consistently, which did not allow general conclusions. Adverse events were rare, apart from increased incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 with @entity8142 agonists. CONCLUSION: Incretin-based therapy efficiently improves glycaemia when added to @entity2449 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , and within 16-30 weeks there is a more pronounced reduction in HbA1c with long-acting @entity8142 agonists (liraglutide and exenatide LAR) than with exenatide @entity5353 and @entity5735 inhibitors, although the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the baseline values. Both strategies appear to be associated with a very low risk of adverse events, including hypoglycaemia. Finally, the injectable @entity8142 agonists also reduce body weight (whereas the @entity5735 inhibitors are weight neutral) but are also associated with a greater incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and a tendency to increase heart rate.

title: Glycaemic efficacy of @entity5445 receptor agonists and @entity5735 inhibitors as add-on therapy to @entity2449 in subjects with @entity164 2 XXXX -a review and meta analysis.

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor', 'GLP-1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1897 lead to a variety of pathological conditions, including paresis or @entity912 when the @entity21 . We have been studying ways to enhance the regeneration of peripheral nerves using daily electrical stimulation (ES) following a @entity2123 . In our previous studies, ES was not initiated until 24 h after injury. The current experiment tested whether ES administered immediately following the @entity130 would further decrease the time for complete recovery from @entity3541 . @entity35 received a unilateral @entity2123 and an electrode was positioned on the nerve proximal to the crush site. Animals received daily 30 min sessions of ES for 1 d (day of @entity130 ), 2 d, 4 d, 7 d, or daily until complete functional recovery. Untreated animals received no ES. Animals were observed daily for the return of facial function. Our findings demonstrated that one session of ES was as effective as daily stimulation at enhancing the recovery of most functional parameters. Therefore, the use of a single 30 min session of ES as a possible treatment strategy should be studied in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity912 as a result of @entity697 .

title: Single session of brief electrical stimulation immediately following XXXX enhances functional recovery of @entity35 facial nerve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve crush injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['injury involves motor axons']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury only', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['crush injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the potential impact of food insecurity on mortality among @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 . We examined the potential relationship between food insecurity and all-cause mortality among @entity645 -positive injection drug users (IDU) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) across British Columbia (BC). METHODS: Cross-sectional measurement of food security status was taken at @entity1 ART initiation. @entity1 were prospectively followed from June 1998 to September 2011 within the fully subsidized ART program. Cox proportional hazard models were used to ascertain the association between food insecurity and mortality, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 254 IDU, 181 (71.3%) were food insecure and 108 (42.5%) were hungry. After 13.3 years of median follow-up, 105 (41.3%) @entity1 died. In multivariate analyses, food insecurity remained significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.53), after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: @entity645 -positive IDU reporting food insecurity were almost twice as likely to die, compared to food secure IDU. Further research is required to understand how and why food insecurity is associated with excess mortality in this population. Public health organizations should evaluate the possible role of food supplementation and socio-structural supports for IDU within harm reduction and @entity645 treatment programs.

title: Relationship between food insecurity and mortality among XXXX -positive injection drug users receiving antiretroviral therapy in British Columbia, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The Th1/Th2 balance deregulation toward a Th2 immune response plays a central role in @entity566 . We previously demonstrated that administration of recombinant @entity7878 strains expressing @entity291 @entity6526 ( @entity6526 ), a major @entity291 's milk allergen, partially prevents @entity19 from sensitization. In the present study, we aimed to improve this preventive effect by coadministration of @entity7878 @entity6526 and a second recombinant @entity7878 producing biologically active interleukin-12 (IL-12). This @entity7878 producing IL-12 was previously used to enhance the Th1 immune response in a tumoral @entity19 model (L. G. Berm  dez-Humar  n et al., J. Immunol. 175:7297-7302, 2005). A comparison of the administration of either @entity6526 alone or @entity6526 in the presence of IL-12 was conducted. A @entity6526 -specific primary Th1 immune response was observed only after intranasal coadministration of both @entity7878 @entity6526 and IL-12-producing @entity7878 , as demonstrated by the induction of serum-specific immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) concomitant with gamma interferon secretion by splenocytes, confirming the adjuvanticity of IL-12-producing @entity7878 . Immunized @entity19 were further sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of purified @entity6526 , and the @entity56 was elicited by intranasal challenge with purified @entity6526 . @entity19 pretreated with @entity6526 in either the presence or the absence of IL-12 were rendered completely tolerant to further allergic sensitization and elicitation. Pretreatment with either @entity7878 @entity6526 or @entity7878 @entity6526 and IL-12-producing @entity7878 induces specific anti- @entity6526 IgG2a production in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Although specific serum IgE was not affected by these pretreatments, the levels of @entity1712 and IL-5 secretion in BAL fluid were significantly reduced after @entity6526 challenge in the groups pretreated with @entity7878 @entity6526 and @entity7878 @entity6526 -IL-12-producing @entity7878 , demonstrating a @entity56 . Our data demonstrate for the first time (i) the induction of a protective Th1 response by the association of @entity7878 @entity6526 and IL-12-producing @entity7878 which inhibits the elicitation of the @entity56 to @entity6526 in @entity19 and (ii) the efficiency of intranasal administration of @entity6526 for the induction of tolerance.

title: Intranasal coadministration of live lactococci producing interleukin-12 and a major @entity291 's milk allergen inhibits @entity56 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['decreased allergic reaction', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'L. lactis strain', 'L. lactis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Repetitive mild @entity131 (rmTBI) is an important medical concern for active sports and military personnel. Multiple mild injuries may exacerbate @entity3145 resulting in cumulative @entity1545 and poor functional recovery. In the present study, we investigated the time course of brain vulnerability to rmTBI in a @entity35 model of mild cortical controlled impact. An @entity130 was followed by a second injury unilaterally at an interval of 1, 3, or 7 days. RmTBI animals were compared to single mTBI and sham treated animals. Neuropathology was assessed using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by ex vivo tissue immunohistochemistry. Neurological and behavioral outcomes were evaluated in a subset of animals receiving rmTBI 3 days apart and shams. RmTBI 1 or 3 days apart but not 7 days apart revealed significantly exacerbated MRI-definable lesion volumes compared to single mTBI and shams. Increases in cortical @entity3145 , extravascular @entity68 and glial activation assessed by histology/immunohistochemistry correlated with in vivo MRI findings where shorter intervals (1 or 3 days apart) resulted in greater tissue pathology. There were no @entity51 associated with rmTBI 3 day animals. At 1 mo post-injury, animals with rmTBI 3 days apart showed reduced exploratory behaviors and subtle @entity73 were observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that the mildly-impacted brain is more vulnerable to @entity130 when delivered within 3 days following initial mTBI.

title: Tissue vulnerability is increased following repetitive mild @entity131 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial mild injury', 'repetitive injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']