abstract: @entity6278 ( @entity6279 ) was evaluated for its absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature @entity1 . The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 3 premature @entity1 1 to 11 days old upon intravenous administration of about 10 mg/kg body weight (1st group), in 2 premature @entity1 18 and 32 days old and 1 neonate 17 days old upon intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg (2nd group), and in 1 neonate 15 days old with @entity693 upon intravenous administration of 45.2 mg/kg. Concentrations of CMX at 30 minutes after administration were 43, 29 and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 46, 37 and 44 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 208 micrograms/ml in the other neonate, and appeared to be dose-dependent. Concentrations of CMX at 6 hours after administration were 18.2, 6.6 and 8.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 9.6, 11 and 1.35 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 5.2 micrograms/ml in the other subject. Serum half-lives were, respectively, 4.59, 2.85 and 3.48 hours in the 1st group, 2.52, 2.73 and 1.14 hours in the 2nd group and 1.0 hour in the other subject. Urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours after administration were 45.8, 87.0, 50.2 and more than 100% in 4 cases examined. Two of these cases, in which recovery rates were 45.8 and 50.2%, were premature @entity1 of low birth weight. Spinal fluid concentrations of the drug at 80 to 90 minutes after dosing to 1 neonate with @entity693 (causative organism presumed: @entity526 ) given 48.3 mg/kg tended to decline gradually with the recovery of the disease, 3.8, 1.72 and 1.32 micrograms/ml on the 2nd, 6th and 8th day, respectively. 2. The drug was given to 9 neonates 0 to 24 days old. The therapeutic effectiveness on @entity2348 was evaluated in 7 cases (10 diseases) including 1 disease of @entity693 presumably caused by @entity526 , 4 of @entity295 caused by @entity526 , @entity794 and @entity5967 (1, 2 and 1, respectively), 3 of @entity293 caused by @entity526 , Serratia and @entity797 (1 each), 1 of purulent @entity8174 caused by @entity794 and 1 of @entity55 (causative organism was unknown). Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in all of @entity693 , @entity295 and @entity293 cases, and "Good" in 1 each of purulent @entity8174 and @entity55 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX in infections of neonates].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6278 :: ('MESH:D015281', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefmenoxime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6278 :: (MESH:D015281,Chemical) :: ['cefmenoxime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Host modulation is fast gaining popularity as a preferred therapeutic modality for @entity2520 . Recent research in the medical field into herbal immunomodulators such as @entity42366   has spurred an interest in evaluating its efficacy in @entity2521 for the first time. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the immunomodulatory effects of the herbal immunomodulator @entity42366   (Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore, India) when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in @entity7278 . METHODS: Forty systemically healthy @entity1 aged between 25 and 55 years of age and with chronic @entity2521 were randomly divided into two groups. The test group was administered @entity42366   tablets for two weeks following scaling and root planing whereas the control group was treated by scaling and root planing alone. Changes in gingival index (GI), @entity548 index (GBI), serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels and salivary @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) levels were assessed at day 0, at two weeks, and at three and six months. RESULTS: The GI and GBI showed a statistically significant reduction at two weeks, three months and six months (P<0.001) in both groups. Salivary @entity310 level reduction was significant in the test group only (P<0.001). No significant change was found in serum @entity1851 levels in both groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: In this pilot evaluation, @entity42366   was found to be a safe and effective immunomodulator as an adjunct to routine periodontal therapy. Further long-term studies to test @entity42366   on larger sections of the population are recommended.

title: A clinico-biochemical evaluation of the role of a herbal (Ayurvedic) immunomodulator in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontal disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity28 , increases in free @entity844 (FFA) flux can predict development of insulin resistance. Adult @entity1 release more FFA relative to resting energy expenditure (REE) and have greater FFA clearance rates than @entity1 . In adolescents, it is unknown whether sex differences in FFA flux occur. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the associations of sex, REE, and body composition with FFA kinetics in @entity28 adolescents. @entity1 : @entity1 were from a convenience sample of 112 @entity62 (31% male; age range, 12-18 years; body mass index SD score range, 1.6-3.1) studied before initiating @entity28 treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity413 , insulin, and FFA were measured during insulin-modified frequently sampled iv @entity413 tolerance tests. Minimal models for @entity413 and FFA calculated insulin sensitivity index (SI) and FFA kinetics, including maximum (l0 + l2) and insulin-suppressed (l2) lipolysis rates, clearance rate constant (cf), and insulin concentration for 50% lipolysis suppression (ED50). Relationships of FFA measures to sex, REE, fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were examined. RESULTS: In models accounting for age, race, pubertal status, height, FM, and LBM, we found sex, pubertal status, age, and REE independently contributed to the prediction of l2 and l0 + l2 (P < .05). Sex and REE independently predicted ED50 (P < .05). Sex, FM/VAT, and LBM were independent predictors of cf. @entity1 had greater l2, l0 + l2 and ED50 (P < .05, adjusted for REE) and greater cf (P < .05, adjusted for FM or VAT) than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Independent of the effects of REE and FM, FFA kinetics differ significantly in @entity28 adolescent @entity1 and @entity1 , suggesting greater FFA flux among @entity1 .

title: Sex-associated differences in free XXXX flux of @entity28 adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys', 'Girls', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic white and black adolescents']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Invasive @entity189 may present with many deceptive morphologic variants. We report the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 5 cases of the so-called lipid-cell variant of @entity189 . The @entity5 occurred in 4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 aged from 56 to 80 years. Four cases were developed in the bladder and 1 case in the renal pelvis. All cases were revealed by a macroscopic @entity811 . The @entity5 were composed of sheets and nests of large epithelial cells with an abundant clear multivacuolated cytoplasm mimicking lipoblasts. Nuclei were irregular, hyperchromatic, eccentric, and frequently indented by cytoplasmic vacuoles. @entity3558 stains (PAS, Alcian Blue) were negative. @entity5 cells were strongly stained with @entity5822 , @entity2225 , and @entity10208 but were negative with @entity4483 protein. In all cases, a usual high-grade @entity189 component was admixed with @entity5 cells. Two @entity5 infiltrated the bladder muscle, 2 cases invaded the bladder submucosa, and 1 case invaded the @entity8 . In the follow-up, despite appropriate surgical treatment, 4 @entity1 died of the disease and 1 @entity1 is alive without recurrence. Because of its rarity and the @entity5 cells' appearance, the lipoid-cell variant may be misdiagnosed and must be distinguished from @entity1821 or @entity2580 . In the present series, the lipoid-cell variant of @entity189 was associated with an @entity146 and a poor prognosis.

title: Lipoid-cell variant of XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lipoid tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this randomized placebo-controlled study is to ascertain the costs of intravenous thrombolytic therapy (rt-PA) in the first year after suspected @entity583 and to measure the treatment effect on quality of life. The main findings are that the direct costs (including all health care expenditure), on average were 9880 SEK higher in the rt-PA group (N = 153) than in the placebo group (N = 160). At the same time the indirect costs were 4200 SEK lower in the rt-PA group. The total cost of the first year after suspected @entity583 were on average 5680 SEK higher in the rt-PA group. The treatment gain in mean life expectancy calculated with a yearly mortality rate of 6% from the end of follow up was 1.25 years. Quality of life was measured using the Nottingham Health Profile and was classified according to NYHAs functional classification. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) results show that the rt-PA @entity1 had a slightly higher (worse) score in all dimensions after one month with the exception of sleep. After 12 months the differences no longer exist and the rt-PA @entity1 had even lower (better) scores in the sleep and energy dimensions. The calculated cost-effectiveness ratio varies from 3090 to 5970 SEK per life year saved and the calculated cost-utility ratio varies from 3260 SEK to 6310 SEK per QALY gained. In comparison with other @entity299 treatments, intravenous thrombolysis is cost-effective.

title: Cost-effectiveness of thrombolysis--a randomized study of intravenous rt-PA in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The feasibility of magnetic resonance venography (MRV) for measuring change in @entity715 volume with a novel anticoagulation regimen versus standard anticoagulation in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) has not been assessed. Our aim was to study the feasibility of MRV to measure change in @entity715 volume in @entity1 with acute symptomatic objectively confirmed proximal @entity1150 in an open-label multicenter trial ( @entity14242 @entity715 Imaging Study, eTRIS). We randomized @entity1 in a 2:1 allocation ratio to @entity14242 90 mg/day for 10 days followed by 60 mg/day versus parenteral anticoagulation bridging to @entity1229 for 3 months. The primary efficacy outcome was a surrogate end point of the relative change in MRV-quantified @entity715 volume from baseline to Day 14-21. A total of 85 eligible @entity1 from 26 study sites were randomized to @entity14242 monotherapy (n=56) versus parenteral anticoagulation as a 'bridge' to @entity1229 (n=29). The mean relative change in MRV-quantified @entity715 volume from baseline to Day 14-21 was similar in @entity1 treated with @entity14242 and parenteral anticoagulation as a 'bridge' to @entity1229 (-50.1% vs -58.9%; 95% confidence interval of treatment difference, -12.7%, 30.2%). However, @entity715 extension was observed in eight @entity1 in the @entity14242 monotherapy group and in none in the @entity1229 group. Rates of recurrent @entity1211 (3.6% vs 3.6%, p=0.45) and clinically relevant non-major @entity548 (5.4% vs 7.1%, p=0.34) were also similar. No major @entity548 occurred in either on-treatment group during the study period. In conclusion, MRV can assess change in @entity715 volume in @entity1 with acute @entity1150 randomized to two different anticoagulant regimens.ClinicalTrials.gov IDENTIFIER NCT01662908: INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG IND APPLICATION @entity14242 IND # 63266.

title: Magnetic resonance venography to assess @entity715 resolution with @entity14242 monotherapy versus parenteral anticoagulation/ XXXX for symptomatic @entity1150 : A multicenter feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity14242 :: ('MESH:C552171', 'Chemical') :: ['edoxaban', 'EDOXABAN']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus Reduction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Minisatellites are repetitive sequences of DNA that are present throughout the genome. Although the origin and function of these minisatellites is still unknown, they found clinical applications as markers of @entity66 , including @entity5 . Also, they are useful tools for DNA fingerprinting and linkage analysis. Kallikreins are @entity563 proteases that appear to be involved in @entity66 including @entity75 and @entity5 . We have recently characterized the @entity1 @entity18504 gene locus on chromosome 19q13.4, which includes 15 @entity18504 genes. In this study, we examined the @entity18504 locus ( approximately 300 Kb) for all known repeat elements. About 50% of this genomic area is occupied by different repeat elements. We also identified unique minisatellite elements that are restricted to chromosome 19q13. Ten clusters of these minisatellites are distributed along the locus on either DNA strand. The clusters are located in the promoters and enhancers of genes, in introns, and in untranslated regions of the mRNA. Analysis of these elements indicates that they are polymorphic, thus they can be useful in linkage analysis and DNA fingerprinting. Our preliminary results indicate also that the distribution of the different alleles of these minisatellites might be associated with @entity5 .

title: Sequence analysis of the @entity1 XXXX gene locus identifies a unique polymorphic minisatellite element.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['many diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity18504 :: (9622,Gene) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: The ability of tranilast, a mast cell stabilizer and anti-transforming growth factor(b) (TGF(b)) to improve impaired hepatic functions in @entity380 ( @entity383 )-infected @entity19 , was investigated, providing the first evidence on the ability of tranilast to improve @entity409 due to @entity281 . Tranilast had significant beneficial effects against progression of @entity1575 in @entity383 -infected @entity19 treated with @entity2039 and those untreated. Different aspects of drug activity were investigated. Its effect on serum liver functions was evaluated by estimating: @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase and albumin. Its effect on the extent of liver @entity82 , through estimation of hepatic @entity720 and hepatic collagen content in liver hydrolysates, was also evaluated. Also, the expression of profibrogenic mediators, such as serum @entity641 ), was estimated. Finally, the effect on @entity383 infection itself was studied, via histopathological examination of liver specimens stained with both @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Masson's trichome stains. Tranilast ameliorated the harmful effects of @entity383 infection on the liver. Such action was manifested in its significant ability to improve impaired hepatic functions, reduce histopathological changes, lower hepatic collagen content and finally reduce serum @entity641 ) levels. The beneficial effect of tranilast may be in part due to its ability to reduce the production of profibrogenic mediators in the infected animals by improving the host immune response or by interfering with critical steps in the fibrogenic cascade.

title: Tranilast ameliorates impaired hepatic functions in XXXX -infected @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomal infection']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: @entity39 ( @entity39 ) is an economically important disease of poultry caused by certain @entity3168 type A strains. @entity39 pathogenesis involves the @entity39577 toxin, which is encoded on a large conjugative plasmid within a 42-kb pathogenicity locus. Recent multilocus sequence type (MLST) studies have identified two predominant @entity39 -associated clonal groups, suggesting that host genes are also involved in @entity39 pathogenesis. We used microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess the gene content of 54 poultry isolates from birds that were healthy or that suffered from @entity39 . A total of 400 genes were variably present among the poultry isolates and nine nonpoultry strains, many of which had putative functions related to nutrient uptake and metabolism and cell wall and capsule biosynthesis. The variable genes were organized into 142 genomic regions, 49 of which contained genes significantly associated with @entity39577 -positive isolates. These regions included three previously identified @entity39 -associated loci as well as several apparent fitness-related loci, such as a @entity1735 ABC transporter, a @entity596 siderophore uptake system, and an adhesion locus. Additional loci were related to plasmid maintenance. Cluster analysis of the CGH data grouped all of the @entity39577 -positive poultry isolates into two major groups, separated according to two prevalent clonal groups based on MLST analysis. This study identifies chromosomal loci associated with @entity39577 -positive poultry strains, suggesting that the chromosomal background can confer a selective advantage to @entity39 -causing strains, possibly through mechanisms involving @entity68 acquisition, @entity1735 metabolism, and plasmid maintenance.

title: Identification of accessory genome regions in poultry @entity3168 isolates carrying the XXXX plasmid.

entities_list: @entity596 :: ('CHEBI:29034', 'Chemical') :: ['ferric-iron']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['NE', 'Necrotic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

answer: @entity39577 :: (14100758,Gene) :: ['netB']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity1 with tubo @entity43 (TOA) and non-TOA @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) and to determinate admitted day laboratory cut-off values for the TOA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Files of inpatients admitted to our clinic with the diagnoses of @entity4134 and/or TOA between the years of 2006 and 2011. Laboratory and culture results were obtained from the database of hospital. A total of 73 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4134 and/or TOA were evaluated. @entity1 who were diagnosed with TOA and @entity4134 by physical and sonographic examination were assigned to group 1 and group 2, respectively. Both groups were compared in terms of laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological parameters. RESULTS: Of 73 @entity1 admitted with the diagnosis of @entity4134 , 44 (60.3 %) were found to have TOA, and 29 (39.7 %) were not found. Mean age of @entity1 was determined as 41.4    7.7 in group 1 and as 35.1    6.8 in group 2. Abscess was detected more frequently in @entity1 with low socio-cultural level, and this was found to be statistically significant. The diameter of abscess was found to be >= 5 cm in 39 (88.6 %) @entity1 and <5 cm in 5 (11.4 %) @entity1 . The average length of hospital stay was statistically significantly increased in @entity1 with an abscess of >= 5 cm in size compared to @entity1 with an abscess of <5 cm. When @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocyte counts were statistically evaluated by ROC curves, diagnostic ability of @entity1851 , ESR and leukocyte count was found to be 73, 87, and 58 %. @entity1851 has a specificity of 63 % and a sensitivity of 72 % if cut-off value is considered as 11.5 mg/L whereas ESR has a specificity of 83 % and a sensitivity of 79 % if cut-off value is considered as 19.5 mm/1/2 h. CONCLUSION: ESR >19.5 mm/1/2 h and @entity1851 >11.5 mg/L were the best predictors of TOA. The high level of @entity1851 and ESR was associated with longer duration of hospitalization and disease severity, and these levels were statistically significantly associated with TOA size of >= 5 cm.

title: The role of the serum inflammatory markers for predicting the @entity43 in XXXX : a single-center 5-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian abscess']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'acute pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['acute pelvic inflammatory disease']


abstract: AIM: To assess whether early initiation of statin therapy for heterozygous @entity4310 favourably affects lipid profiles or vascular morphological changes. METHODS: @entity1 and adolescents aged 10-16 y with heterozygous @entity4310 were administered @entity5470 (80 mg/d) for 2 y in a single-arm two-centre study. Carotid B-mode @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and M-mode arterial wall stiffness (beta) were recorded. Eighty of the 85 enrolled subjects completed the trial. RESULTS: The median decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 from baseline at last study visit was 33.9%; median decreases in total @entity165 , @entity1674 and @entity755 were 27.1%, 5.3% and 24.2%, respectively; the median increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 was 5.3%. Changes in carotid arterial wall thickness and stiffness versus baseline were fractional and statistically non-significant (delta @entity121 -0.005 mm, 95% CI -0.018 to +0.007 mm, n=83; and delta beta = 0.017, 95% CI -0.219 to +0.253, n=79). Adverse events, all non-serious, were reported by 58 subjects (68.2%); four were suspected to be drug-related. Change in hormone levels and sexual maturation were appropriate for this age group. CONCLUSION: @entity5470 lowered LDL @entity165 , total @entity165 and @entity755 levels effectively over a prolonged period in @entity1 and adolescents with heterozygous @entity4310 . Carotid @entity121 and wall stiffness remained largely unchanged.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity5470 in @entity1 and adolescents with heterozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin', 'Fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']


abstract: The characteristics of @entity991 are a @entity32 with fibrous thickening and narrowing of the biliary ducts. All @entity1 who have stones or have been operated on for @entity253 (risk of @entity850 ) must be excluded in discussions of this disease. Two observations illustrating the strict definition of its characteristics are related. From attacks of angiocholitis, the disease generally progresses to a permanent @entity1087 . Death occurs in a state of @entity2835 . Liver histopathologic changes consist of fibrous rings constricting the segmentary interlobular ducts. Physiopathologic changes of the disease are difficult to define precisely except in cases with coexistent @entity31 (1/3 of cases). The diagnosis is difficult. Illustrative examples are presented: A syndrome of @entity850 in a @entity1 in whom no stones were found during the operation but the lesions were typical of the passage of stones. The prognosis was good. One @entity1 seemed rather typical but the rapid evolution and finally a finding of @entity3909 tissue led to the diagnosis of @entity5 of the biliary duct. One @entity1 had @entity82 with @entity6687 . Histologic studies, cholangiolitis and obstructive pericholangiolitis indicated the correct diagnosis. The disease is usually fatal within four years of onset despite administration of corticoids locally and systemically.

title: Surgical problems in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines to show whether a @entity1 hospitalized because of a @entity293 ( @entity293 ) has a severe @entity281 , and whether he or she is at high risk for harboring a multiresistant pathogen, are scant. The aims of the present study were to find (1) clinical and laboratory variables known within 24 hours of admission that, combined in a logistic model, will point to a high or low probability of @entity2259 and (2) variables that can be used to define @entity1 at high risk for the subsequent isolation of a multiresistant uropathogen. METHODS: In a set of @entity1 consecutively admitted to a department of medicine because of @entity293 , we compared @entity9357 @entity1 , and @entity1 with a multiresistant uropathogen vs others, on logistic regression analysis. The logistic models derived were validated in a second set of @entity1 with @entity293 . RESULTS: Among 247 @entity1 with @entity293 (median age, 75 years), 80 of them with @entity2259 , five factors were significantly and independently associated with @entity2259 : serum @entity1011 level, leukocyte count, temperature, @entity6 , and low serum @entity2313 level. A logistic model incorporating those factors was used to divide the @entity1 into three groups with increasing prevalence of @entity2259 (6%, 39%, and 69%) and of @entity204 (3%, 6%, and 20%). Three factors were predictive of the subsequent isolation of a resistant uropathogen: use of antibiotics before admission, advanced age, and male gender. The combination of those factors was used to divide @entity1 into two groups, with resistance to @entity2261 of 9% vs 28%, to @entity801 of 7% vs 20%, and to @entity207 -trimethoprim of 30% vs 50%. In a second set of 144 @entity1 with @entity293 , the percentages of @entity2259 in the three groups were 5%, 16%, and 55%, and those of @entity204 , 2%, 6%, and 17%. When divided by the second model, the resistance to @entity2261 in the two groups was 16% vs 30%; to @entity801 , 16% vs 28%; and to @entity207 - @entity206 , 28% vs 59%. CONCLUSIONS: If prospectively validated in other settings, the models can be used to define groups of @entity1 with @entity293 at low and high risk for @entity2259 , and to help in the choice of empiric antibiotic treatment.

title: Toward improved empiric management of moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9357 :: ('MESH:D015826', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic vs nonbacteremic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: To estimate @entity788 and to assess the potential role of the pancreatic nerves in the regulation of hormone secretion, the methodology necessary to quantify neurotransmitter spillover and hormone output in the conscious @entity235 was developed. A femoral artery and the superior pancreaticoduodenal vein ( @entity43959 ) were chronically cannulated, and a flow probe was placed on the @entity43959 . Hormone output was calculated using the pancreatic arteriovenous concentration difference and the @entity43959 plasma flow. Basal @entity413 levels were 103 +/- 1 mg/dl; the pancreatic outputs of insulin, glucagon, and @entity37664 ( @entity37664 , an index of parasympathetic neural activity) were 2,900 +/- 700 microU/min, 1,900 +/- 400 pg/min, and 9.3 +/- 4.6 ng/min, respectively. Pancreatic @entity1063 (NE) spillover was calculated similarly; however, pancreatic extraction of @entity1425 was used as an index of NE extraction. Basal NE spillover was 3,600 +/- 700 pg/min, greatly exceeding that reported using anesthetized, laparotomized @entity235 . Intravenous @entity413 infusion increased plasma @entity413 to 146 +/- 13 mg/dl, @entity101 output approximately twofold, and suppressed glucagon output by approximately 50%. @entity4854 markedly reduced @entity37664 output. @entity4854 failed to influence pancreatic NE spillover. Insulin-induced @entity4053 (36 +/- 2 mg/dl) completely suppressed insulin output and stimulated glucagon output (> 10-fold). @entity4053 increased NE spillover and @entity37664 output to 19,900 +/- 4,600 pg/min and 117 +/- 22 ng/min, respectively. We conclude that pancreatic neurotransmitter spillover in the basal state is much higher than previously appreciated and that neural signaling to the pancreas is responsive to physiological and pathophysiological changes in the metabolic state.

title: Direct quantification of XXXX spillover and hormone output from the pancreas of the conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neural activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: A monoclonal mouse antibody (MoHG) was produced using in vitro cultured AH66R @entity5 cells treated with @entity7899 as an immunogen. The antibody identified a 90 kd membrane glycoprotein (HG-90) which is expressed on in vitro cultured @entity157 cell lines AH66 and AH66R. A monoclonal antibody was prepared to the @entity4349 drug @entity5699 , and it also reacted with @entity632 . A fusion was made of the hybridoma HG-90 with the hybridoma which recognized @entity5699 / @entity632 . This bispecific hybridoma @entity39111 recognized both determinants. We studied the therapeutic effect of the @entity39111 bispecific antibody with @entity632 treatment and compared it to the effect of the bispecific antibody to which @entity632 had been conjugated via an albumin ( @entity21787 ) bridge. The therapy model used was the @entity5 AH66R in Donryu @entity35 . Tumor bearing @entity35 had their subcutaneous @entity5 resected on day 10, a time when distant metastases were present. After the surgical resection of the @entity5 the @entity35 were injected intravenously for two cycles with the bispecific antibodies, followed by the administration of @entity632 (ADR) or MoHG. @entity21787 .ADR conjugates. A slight therapeutic effect occurred with either MoHG or ADR alone but treatment with the bispecific antibody followed by the administration of ADR or with the MoHG. @entity21787 .ADR conjugates significantly prolonged survival, with 60% of the treated animals being " @entity5 free" when sacrificed on day 80. Lower serum concentrations of alphafetoprotein were observed with the bispecific antibody and drug treatment. This suggests that the bispecific antibody/drug treatment is potentially more beneficial in the suppression of distant metastases than the MoHG. @entity21787 .ADR conjugate. This may be due to an increase in the local drug concentration of unmodified @entity632 .

title: The effect of bispecific monoclonal antibody recognizing both @entity157 -specific membrane glycoprotein and XXXX drugs on the metastatic growth of @entity157 AH66.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity7899 :: ('MESH:C013440', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl hemisuccinate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: Functional MRI is based on changes in cerebral microvasculature triggered by increased neuronal oxidative metabolism. This change in blood flow follows a pattern known as the @entity177 ( @entity177 ), which typically peaks 4-6 s following stimulus delivery. However, in the presence of @entity66 the @entity177 may not follow this normal pattern, due to either the temporal signal to noise (tSNR) ratio or delays in the @entity177 , which may result in misinterpretation or underestimation of fMRI signal. The present study examined the @entity177 and SNR in five individuals with @entity2026 resulting from @entity64 and four unimpaired @entity1 using a lexical decision task and a long trial event-related design. T1-weighted images were acquired using an MP-RAGE sequence and BOLD T2*-weighted images were acquired using Echo Planar Imaging to measure @entity1054 ( @entity250 ) in the @entity177 . Data were analyzed using Brain Voyager in four anatomic regions known to be involved in language processing: Broca's area and the posterior perisylvian network (PPN) (including @entity244 , the angular and supramarginal gyri) and right hemisphere homologues of these regions. The occipital area also was examined as a control region. Analyses showed that the @entity250 in three out of five @entity1 in the left perisylvian area was increased significantly as compared to normal individuals and the left primary visual cortex in the same @entity1 . In two other @entity1 no significant delays were detected. We also found that the SNR for BOLD signal detection may by insufficient in damaged areas. These findings indicate @entity250 ( @entity250 ) and quality assurance (tSNR) information is essential for studying activation patterns in brain-damaged @entity1 in order to avoid errors in interpretation of the data. An example of one such misinterpretation and the need for alternative data analysis strategies is discussed.

title: Hemodynamic response function in @entity1 with @entity64 -induced XXXX : implications for fMRI data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['HRF', 'hemodynamic response function']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's area"]

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to peak']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'that obtaining physiologic']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: Despite promising preclinical studies with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity13449 in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) and other diseases, previous clinical trials with this agent have been disappointing. The discovery of differential protein binding of @entity13449 in @entity1 and bovine serum contributed to an effective pharmacokinetic-derived schedule of administration of this agent. On the basis of pharmacokinetic modeling using our in vitro results and data from a previous trial, we initiated a phase 1 study using a 30-minute loading dose followed by 4 hours of infusion administered weekly for 4 of 6 weeks in @entity1 with @entity1072 . A group of 42 @entity1 were enrolled on 3 cohorts (cohort 1, 30 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 30 mg/m2 4-hour infusion; cohort 2, 40 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 40 mg/m2 4-hour infusion; and cohort 3, cohort 1 dose for treatments 1 to 4, then a 30 mg/m2 loading dose followed by a 50 mg/m2 4-hour infusion). The dose-limiting @entity137 using this novel schedule was hyperacute @entity5405 . @entity146 prophylaxis and exclusion of @entity1 with leukocyte counts greater than 200x10(9)/L have made this drug safe to administer at the cohort 3 dose. Of the 42 @entity1 treated, 19 (45%) achieved a partial response with a median response duration that exceeds 12 months. Responses were noted in @entity1 with genetically high-risk disease, including 5 (42%) of 12 @entity1 with del(17p13.1) and 13 (72%) of 18 @entity1 with del(11q22.3). @entity13449 administered using this novel schedule has significant clinical activity in @entity1072 . @entity1 with @entity66 and high-risk genetic features have achieved durable responses, thereby justifying further study of @entity13449 in @entity1072 .

title: XXXX administered using a pharmacologically derived schedule is associated with marked clinical efficacy in refractory, genetically high-risk @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavopiridol', 'flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'CLL and other diseases', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'refractory CLL']

answer: @entity13449 :: (MESH:C077990,Chemical) :: ['Flavopiridol']


abstract: @entity75 from @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is extremely rare and carries a poor prognosis. We report nine cases (five females and four males) of brain @entity3 of @entity3557 . The age of @entity1 ranged from 46 to 87 years old. The @entity1 presented with nonspecific symptoms such as @entity10 . @entity75 was the first clinical presentation in three of nine @entity1 ; two of which had the aggressive tall cell variant of @entity3557 . Six @entity1 had prior history of @entity3557 (four classic, one oncocytic variant, and one columnar cell variant) for 2 to 17 years with a median of 12 years. Gross total resection of brain @entity3 was achieved for eight of our @entity1 . Eight @entity1 were treated with radioactive @entity1496 . The median follow-up time was 12 months, ranging from 1 month to 4 years. Three @entity1 died of their disease in 6 months, 21 months and 4 years, respectively after their first presentation of brain @entity3 . It seems that these rare aggressive variants of @entity3557 , such as tall cell variant, not only have higher propensity to develop brain @entity3 , but also more frequently present with brain @entity3 as their first clinical presentation than classic @entity3557 . Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity3557 can develop brain @entity3 even after many years.

title: Brain metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: Preliminary data from our laboratory have shown that the decrease in plasma free @entity6211 levels normally found during prolonged exercise is blunted in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . This study was designed to test the hypothesis that this might be due to the sustained peripheral @entity3190 seen during exercise in @entity6 treated by subcutaneous insulin. Ten male subjects underwent 90 min of cycle ergometry at 60% of their maximal @entity26 uptake capacity on two occasions, one with and the other without a constant 0.13 mU.kg-1.min-1 i.v. insulin infusion. Blood samples were taken at rest, during exercise, and after exercise for measurement of plasma @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, free @entity1718 , and @entity6211 . Plasma @entity413 dropped significantly (p less than 0.01) from basal during both infusions, but values at 30, 45, and 60 min of exercise were lower (p less than 0.05) during insulin infusion compared with the saline infusion. Exercise produced a significant (p less than 0.01) fall in plasma insulin in both infusions. However, from 30 to 90 min of exercise, the plateau insulin level was higher during the insulin infusion compared with the saline infusion (91.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 32.9 +/- 3.0 pmol/L; p less than 0.001). Plasma C-peptide decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during exercise and recovery in both infusions, but values between infusions were not significantly different. Plasma free @entity1718 increased significantly (p less than 0.01) at 90 min of exercise during the saline infusion, while during the insulin infusion this was noted during recovery only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of exogenous insulin on plasma free @entity6211 levels during exercise in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, freeze-fracture, and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry were used to localize @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) in @entity1 erythrocytes (RBC's). @entity2385 induced a rapid shape transformation of the RBC discocyte to an echinocyte, which led to @entity2142 at concentrations at or above 10 microM @entity2385 . Electron dense spheres or ellipsoids were observed in association with blood cell membranes at or above 10 microM @entity2385 . These structures were visualized initially in thin sections when postfixed with @entity3734 . Control cell preparations without @entity2385 did not exhibit these structural densities when fixed with @entity12925 . Freeze-fracture replicas confirmed the presence of @entity2385 aggregates associated with cell membranes as intercalations in the lipid bilayer. In thin sections, these structures measured 71.5 +/- 18.2 nm in diameter. In freeze-fracture replicas of @entity2385 -treated RBC's, particulate structures measuring 60 +/- 18.5 nm in diameter were present on membrane exoplasmic fracture faces and 59.6 +/- 10.8-nm @entity308 on membrane protoplasmic fracture faces. Qualitative x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry analysis of ultrathin sections of @entity3584 - @entity37259 -embedded samples revealed that the membrane-associated aggregates contained tin. @entity2385 -treated RBC's that were washed with normal saline resulted in a paucity of @entity2385 aggregates associated with the membranes and a reduction in the RBC @entity2142 rate. RBC shape transformation occurred at each concentration examined from 0.1 to 100 microM @entity2385 , but was reversible below 1 microM @entity2385 .

title: The ultrastructural localization of XXXX in @entity1 erythrocyte membranes during shape transformation leading to @entity2142 .

entities_list: @entity37259 :: ('MESH:C019289', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrazide']

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-n-butyltin']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['tri-n-butyltin']


abstract: @entity397 occurs most commonly in the dominant extremity of @entity1 between 40 and 60 years of age when an unexpected extension force is applied to the flexed arm. Although previously thought to be an uncommon @entity1796 are being reported with increasing frequency. The @entity397 typically occurs at the tendon insertion into the radial tuberosity in an area of preexisting @entity528 . The diagnosis is made on the basis of a history of a @entity158 in the antecubital region. Physical examination demonstrates a palpable and visible @entity121 belly with @entity425 . The ability to palpate the tendon in the antecubital fossa may indicate partial @entity924 . Plain radiographs may show @entity4916 . Magnetic resonance imaging is generally not required to diagnose a complete @entity397 but may be useful in the case of a partial @entity397 . Early surgical reattachment to the radial tuberosity is recommended for optimal results. A modified two-incision technique is the most widely used method of repair, but anterior single-incision techniques may be equally effective provided the radial nerve is protected. The @entity1 with a chronic @entity397 may benefit from surgical reattachment, but proximal retraction and scarring of the muscle belly can make tendon mobilization difficult, and inadequate length of the distal biceps tendon may necessitate tendon augmentation. Postoperative rehabilitation must emphasize protected return of motion for the first 8 weeks after repair. Formal strengthening may begin as early as 8 weeks, with a return to unrestricted activities, including lifting, by 5 months.

title: Distal biceps XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic bone formation at the radial tuberosity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tearing of the biceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness in flexion and supination']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Rupture of the distal biceps tendon', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['injury, distal biceps tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful, tearing sensation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the distal biceps muscle']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tendon degeneration']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['tendon injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the present paper, we discuss the importance of the microbiome in @entity56 . In this review paper, the data from the Medline (PubMed) and search engine of Kirikkale University were systematically searched for all relevant articles in June 15th, 2015 for the past 30  years. The keywords of "microbiome", " @entity6636 ", " @entity566 ", "allergic rhinitis", " @entity56 ", "mechanisms" and "treatment" were used alone or together. In this paper, microbiomes were presented in terms of "Definition", "Influence of \the @entity1 microbiome on health", "The microbiome and @entity56 ", and "Modulation of the gut microbiota in terms of treatment and prevention". @entity6636 is also reviewed. The microbiome is the genetic material of all microbes (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) that live on or in the @entity1 body. Microbes outnumber @entity1 cells in a 10:1 ratio. Most microbes live in the gut, particularly the large intestine. Changes in the immune function of the respiratory tract are (at least in theory) linked to the immunomodulatory activity of the gut microbiota via the concept of a "common mucosal response". The gut microbiota shapes systemic immunity, thus affecting the lung mucosa. Alternatively, changes in the gut microbiota may reflect alterations in the oropharyngeal microbiota, which may in turn directly affect the lung microbiota and host immune responses via microaspiration. Dysbiosis is defined as qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal flora; and modern diet and lifestyle, antibiotics, @entity1642 result in alterations in bacterial metabolism, as well as the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. All immune system components are directly or indirectly regulated by the microbiota. The nature of microbial exposure early in life appears to be important for the development of robust immune regulation; disruption of either the microbiota or the host response can trigger chronic @entity32 . Dysbiosis is also an important clinical entity. Antibiotics, @entity1642 , and dietary factors contribute to intestinal @entity6636 .

title: The possible mechanisms of the @entity1 microbiome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis', 'Microbiological dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and physical stress']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: General anesthetics induce @entity179 in the developing @entity1 brain. General anesthesia (GA) also causes significant disturbances in mitochondrial morphogenesis during intense synaptogenesis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo remodeling via fusion and fission. The fine balance between these two opposing processes determines mitochondrial morphometric properties, allowing for their regeneration and enabling normal functioning. As mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to anesthesia-induced damage, we examined how GA affects mitochondrial fusion/fission. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of @entity1363 followed by a combined @entity3810 and @entity5161 anesthesia for 6 h. RESULTS: GA causes 30% upregulation of reactive @entity26 species (n = 3-5 pups/group), accompanied by a 2-fold downregulation of an important scavenging enzyme, @entity224 dismutase (n = 6 pups/group). Reactive @entity26 species upregulation is associated with impaired mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, leading to excessive mitochondrial fission. The imbalance between fission and fusion is due to acute sequestration of the main fission protein, @entity38586 , from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, and its oligomerization on the outer mitochondrial membrane. These are necessary steps in the formation of the ring-like structures that are required for mitochondrial fission. The fission is further promoted by GA-induced 40% downregulation of cytosolic @entity38588 , a protein necessary for maintaining the opposing process, mitochondrial fusion (n = 6 pups/group). CONCLUSIONS: Early exposure to GA causes acute reactive @entity26 species upregulation and disturbs the fine balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to excessive fission and disturbed mitochondrial morphogenesis. These effects may play a causal role in GA-induced @entity245 .

title: Early exposure to general anesthesia disturbs mitochondrial fission and fusion in the developing XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental neuroapoptosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['apoptotic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection is regarded as a standard procedure in @entity418 surgery because of @entity418 . However, lymph node dissection can prolong operation time and may be associated with complications such as @entity3417 . Here, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of common hepatic artery lymph node dissection in clinical T1N0 thoracic @entity1721 . Between 1996 and 2009, 1390 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity418 in our institution, and 209 were found to have clinical T1N0 disease. Exclusion criteria were @entity189 , double primary @entity5 , definite distant @entity3 , administration of neoadjuvant treatment, and incomplete abdominal lymph node dissection. We retrospectively analyzed medical records, operative and pathologic data, and follow-up information. Forty-two @entity1 were excluded from the study. Among the 167 enrolled @entity1 , preoperative endoscopic ultrasound evaluation was performed in 160 @entity1 . Fifty-two @entity1 had distal esophageal or esophagogastric junction @entity5 . Surgery included 2 cases of tri-incisional esophagectomy, 17 cases of transhiatal esophagectomy, and 148 cases of two-field esophagectomy (Ivor Lewis operation). Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection was performed in all cases, and none of the @entity1 had @entity3 . Mean follow-up period was 35.4        28.7 months. In-hospital mortality was one, and 5-year survival rate was 80.6%. Among the 15 @entity1 with recurrence, there were two distant metastases and five distant and local recurrences but no intra-abdominal recurrence with common hepatic artery lymph node. Common hepatic artery lymph node dissection may be safely omitted in surgery for clinical T1N0 @entity1721 when preoperative evaluations including chest computed tomography, positron emission tomography and computed tomography, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound are performed.

title: Can common hepatic artery lymph node dissection be safely omitted in surgery for clinical T1N0 thoracic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphatic dissemination of esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To assess the prognostic significance of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and its target genes in @entity356 . METHODS: The @entity5 tissues of 115 @entity1 with @entity356 were immunohistochemically evaluated using monoclonal antibodies against NF-kB @entity9135 . Preoperative serum levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) were assessed via enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. @entity1851 (CRP) and @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ) were measured via immunotrubidimetry. RESULTS: Positive rate of NF-kB @entity9135 was 42.6%. NF-kB @entity9135 expression in @entity5 tissues was also related to serum levels of @entity650 (P = 0.044) and CRP (P = 0.010). @entity650 , @entity5475 , CRP were related to depth of invasion, @entity7 and @entity5475 were correlated with lymph node @entity3 . @entity650 , @entity7 , @entity5475 and CRP were related to the stage. Univariate analysis demonstrated that immunostaining of NF-kB @entity9135 , levels of @entity650 , @entity7 , @entity5475 were significantly related with both disease free survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariate analysis verified that NF-kB @entity9135 [hazard ratio (HR): 3.40, P = 0.024] and @entity5475 (HR: 3.39, P = 0.045) were independently associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Increased expression of NF-kB @entity9135 and high levels of serum @entity5475 were associated with poor @entity1349 in @entity356 @entity1 .

title: Clinicopathologic significance of expression of nuclear factor-kB @entity9135 and its target gene products in @entity356 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular and systemic effects and @entity1337 during the postoperative period of epidural anesthesia performed with @entity1341 alone or with @entity3575 or @entity681 in bitches maintained at a light plane of anesthesia with continuous infusion of @entity1875 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized masked clinical trial. ANIMALS: 30 female @entity235 of various breeds. PROCEDURES: @entity235 were allocated into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received @entity3575 (2 microg/kg [0.91 microg/lb]) and @entity1341 (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]), 1 group received @entity681 (1 microg/kg) and @entity1341 (1 mg/kg), and 1 group received @entity1341 (1 mg/kg). All @entity235 received @entity11988 (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) and continuous infusion of @entity1875 for sedation. The agents were administered into the lumbosacral space and diluted in saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution to a total volume of 0.36 mL/kg (0.164 mL/lb). Cardiac and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, pH, and blood gases were evaluated. @entity1337 , sedation level, serum @entity701 concentrations, and plasma @entity2922 concentrations were measured regularly for 6 hours. RESULTS: No important changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, or sedation variables were observed. Degree of @entity1337 in the postoperative period was higher in the @entity681 group, although use of @entity3575 and @entity1341 also resulted in a sufficient level of @entity1337 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the 3 anesthetic techniques permitted ovariohysterectomy with sufficient @entity1337 and acceptable neuroendocrine modulation of @entity158 with minimal adverse effects.

title: Epidural anesthesia with @entity1341 , @entity1341 and @entity3575 , or @entity1341 and XXXX during intravenous administration of @entity1875 for ovariohysterectomy in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine if proteolysis by the @entity460 -dependent enzyme calpains (EC 3.4.22.17) contributed to retinal cell death in a @entity35 model of @entity528 induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). @entity2000 was evaluated by H_E staining, and cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. Total @entity460 in retina was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Activation of calpains was determined by casein zymography and immunoblotting. Proteolysis of alpha-spectrin and @entity7505 (regulator of @entity10829 ) were evaluated by immunoblotting. Calpain inhibitor @entity29043 was orally administrated to @entity7045 -treated @entity35 to test drug efficacy. @entity7045 decreased the thickness of photoreceptor cell layer, composed of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). Numerous cells in the ONL showed positive TUNEL staining. Total @entity460 was increased in retina after @entity7045 . Activation of calpains and calpain-specific proteolysis of alpha-spectrin were observed after @entity7045 injection. Oral administration of @entity29043 to @entity7045 -treated @entity35 showed a significant protective effect against photoreceptor cell loss, confirming involvement of calpains in @entity528 . Conversion of @entity7505 to @entity30236 was well correlated with calpain activation, suggesting prolonged activation of @entity10829 / @entity30236 as a possible downstream mechanism for @entity7045 -induced photoreceptor cell death. @entity29043 reduced photoreceptor cells death, even though @entity7045 is one of the most severe models of photoreceptor cell degeneration. Oral calpain inhibitor @entity29043 may be a candidate for testing as a medication against @entity2000 in @entity6391 .

title: Contribution of calpains to photoreceptor cell death in XXXX -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal degeneration', 'retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'outer segment']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity7044 :: (MESH:D008770,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ) possessed antitumor activity in many @entity1 @entity5 cells through the induction of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity4601 on apoptosis in the @entity1 @entity157 cell line HepG2 and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of @entity4601 on HepG2 cells was measured by @entity98 assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry with double staining of @entity2822 - @entity4404 / @entity2667 . The intracellular production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Protein expression of @entity3726 , @entity588 and @entity589 in HepG2 cells was examined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: @entity4601 significantly inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis rates in HepG2 cells treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200  mol/L @entity4601 for 24 hours were 2.53    0.88%, 24.85    3.63%, 35.27    5.92% and 48.53    7.76%, respectively. Compared with the control group, @entity4601 significantly increased ROS generation and [ @entity141 ]i level (P <0.05), with the generation of ROS preceding the increase in [ @entity141 ]i. An increase in @entity3726 and @entity589 expression and a decrease in @entity588 were observed in @entity4601 -treated cells. Pretreatment with the antioxidant @entity898 could attenuate the effects of @entity4601 in the experiments. CONCLUSION: @entity4601 could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines through increasing the intracellular production of ROS and [ @entity141 ]i. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis may contribute to this effect by regulating the expression of @entity3726 , proapoptotic @entity589 , and antiapoptotic @entity588 .

title: @entity8185 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 XXXX @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The Spiegelberg device is based on air-filled balloon system and was designed for @entity428 monitoring. Zero adjustment is done automatically with the device in situ, thus avoiding zero drift. In 14 @entity1 with mostly severe @entity542 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower in 10 @entity1 ) and 19-84 years old monitoring was carried out during treatment in the intensive care unit. @entity428 values were checked by repeating functional tests of the monitoring system, by serial cranial CT, and by a study of the clinical outcomes. Four @entity1 died. There were no technical problems or infections. Clinically reliable data were obtained in 10 @entity1 . The @entity428 shown was correlated with all other parameters; it was lower than would be expected in 1, and higher in 3 @entity1 . With six simultaneous measurements with Gaeltec ICT/b, Camino subdural or an intraventricular catheter system the values were found to correlate only in 1 case. Experimental and clinical data suggest that the Spiegelberg-monitored @entity428 is somewhat higher than the @entity428 shown by other epidural systems. Clinical trials will be continued.

title: [The Spiegelberg device for epidural registration of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'epidural ICP']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['ICP']


abstract: Although guidelines exist for routine screening for @entity5 in adults with @entity991 , no imaging guidelines exist for the pediatric population. @entity189 is a rare @entity96 that has been found in adults with @entity409 . We present a case of cholangiolocarcinoma found in an adolescent @entity1 with small duct sclerosing @entity255 . The diagnosis of small duct sclerosing @entity255 was made at the age of 6 at which time he also had advanced @entity82 histologically, but no evidence of decompensation either clinically or biochemically. Several years after this diagnosis, a small liver lesion was found incidentally on computed tomography scan following a motorcycle accident. This lesion was shown to be stable by magnetic resonance imaging over the course of 2 years. At 15 years of age, magnetic resonance imaging findings changed with features suggestive of @entity5 . This led to resection of the lesion. Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of cholangiolocarcinoma, a @entity5 found primarily in adults with a history of @entity99 . To our knowledge, this is the first such report in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: @entity189 in a pediatric @entity1 with small duct sclerosing XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiolocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: The authors investigated how effectively adults with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) can be managed in a district general hospital intensive care unit offering intracranial pressure monitoring (ICPM) receiving advice from a neurosurgical unit. A single-centre case series with retrospective review of prospectively collected information was undertaken of 44 consecutive @entity1 presenting over seven years from January 2003 to January 2010 with severe @entity131 to a single district general hospital intensive care unit serving a population of 500,000 adults. A prospectively entered clinical database was used to obtain information including @entity1 demographics, Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) on admission, ICPM insertion, ICPM-related complications, @entity12463 . Case notes were used to ratify information and obtain neurorehabilitation clinic functional outcome scores. Forty-four @entity1 were identified (40 male, age range 16-77 years). Mortality in intensive care was 30%. Twenty-eight @entity1 received frontal twist drill ICPM following neurosurgical advice. ICPM had 2 (7%) device malfunctions but no other complications. Twelve additional @entity1 were transferred to tertiary centres. @entity1 (23 of 31) who survived ICU stay (74%) were referred to neurorehabilitation. Mean clinic follow-up was 14 months. All @entity1 had a Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of 3 or 4 at initial clinic assessment. Twenty-two improved to GOS to 4 or 5 at clinic discharge. One @entity1 died prior to clinic discharge. Carefully selected @entity1 with severe @entity131 can be managed safely and effectively in a district general hospital offering ICPM insertion if transfer to a neurosurgical centre is not possible. Neurosurgical advice regarding @entity1 selection and on-going management is fundamental to provide a good service. Protocol driven therapies provide a useful systematic approach to doctors who do not deal with severe @entity131 on a routine basis.

title: Effective management of severe XXXX in a district hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient mortality and neurosurgical advice']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 60% to 80% of @entity1 and young adults with @entity565 are sensitized to at least one allergen. In contrast, previous studies from specific subpopulations of older @entity1 with @entity565 suggest that @entity56 sensitization is significantly lower in this age group. The prevalence and patterns of IgE-mediated sensitization have not been compared among a broad population of younger and older @entity1 with @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and patterns of IgE-mediated sensitization among a broad population of younger and older @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 to compare IgE-mediated sensitization rates between younger (20-40 years) and older (>= 55 years) @entity1 with current @entity565 . Atopy was defined as a detectable serum IgE to at least 1 allergen in a panel of 19 allergens. The associations among sensitization, current @entity565 , and @entity565 control measures (health care use and symptoms) were examined by logistic regression. RESULTS: In a group of 2,573 @entity1 , either 20 to 40 years of age or 55 years or older, 108 (6.7%) and 43 (4.5%) @entity1 with current @entity565 were identified, respectively. Allergic sensitization rates among the adults with @entity565 differed only moderately and not statistically significantly between the age groups; 75.4% of the younger and 65.2% of the older @entity748 @entity1 were sensitized to at least 1 allergen. The association between sensitization and markers of @entity565 control did not appear to differ among the age groups. CONCLUSION: Allergic sensitization in older @entity1 with @entity565 may be more common than previously reported.

title: Characteristics of XXXX sensitization among @entity748 adults older than 55  years: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in 23 @entity1 with @entity6 . Initial measurements were made at diagnosis and in 10 of the @entity1 further studies were carried out at 1, 3 and 6 months. T-cell subsets were also measured in 16 @entity1 with @entity2175 , in 16 @entity1 with various @entity792 and in 17 healthy control subjects. At diagnosis, the type I @entity6 @entity1 showed a significant decrease in the percentage of cytotoxic/suppressor cells. Both total T-cells and helper/inducer cells were normal. However, when the helper/inducer population was analyzed in the context of islet cell antibodies (ICAs), it was found that those @entity1 possessing ICAs had significantly higher proportions of helper/inducer cells than those lacking them. A significant inverse correlation was seen between the proportions of total T-cells and NK/K cells. At 1 month, the proportions of cytotoxic/suppressor cells returned to normal, whilst the helper/inducer cells showed a transient @entity308 . By 6 months, the only change seen was a significant increase in the percentage total t-cells. No relationship was found between T-cell subset perturbation and metabolic control, as assessed by measurement of @entity4051 ( @entity4051 ). The type II @entity6 @entity1 showed a significant increase in the percentage of total T cells. The autoimmune @entity1 also showed a significant increase in the proportions of total T-cells; this appeared to reflect an increase in the helper/inducer subset. In the autoimmune @entity1 these findings occurred in conjunction with significant decreases in the absolute numbers of each T-cell subset. It is surmised that, in some cases of @entity1723 in immune homeostasis may permit autoimmune processes, which lead to cell damage at the onset of @entity6 .

title: T-lymphocyte subpopulations in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes, alterations']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 , accounting for half of all @entity204 in @entity1 between birth and 18 years of age, and is the cause of a significant number of hospital admissions. We reviewed our experience at a Level I pediatric @entity130 center with a 2-level @entity130 activation (TA) system for mobilization of personnel over a 3-year period. The aim was to assess severity of @entity130 @entity1 , resource use, and outcome. METHODS: After obtaining institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis of all @entity130 @entity1 between January 2006 and December 2008 was performed. Data analyzed included number of admissions, level of TA (STAT vs ALERT), mechanism of injury, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, @entity130 ( @entity130 ), need for operative intervention, and survival. RESULTS: In 3 years, there were 4502 @entity1 entered. @entity130 activation was initiated in 1315 @entity1 (29.2%), divided between 211 STATs (4.7%) and 1104 ALERTs (24.5%). Mean @entity1 age was 5.9    4.1 years, 65% of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and blunt @entity130 accounted for 92% of the admissions. An ICU admission was required in 736 (16.3%) of the entire group, whereas 502 (38.2%) @entity1 in the TA group were admitted to the ICU(1). The 154 STAT (21%) and 348 ALERT (47%) @entity1 accounted for 68% of all ICU admissions(1). An @entity130 listed as severe (16-24) or very severe (>24) was found in 468 (10.4%) and 232 (5.2%) @entity1 , respectively. An @entity130 listed as 16 or higher was found in 144 (68.2%) of the STATs and 264 (23.9%) of the ALERTs(1). Operative intervention was required in 2118 @entity1 (47%). The overall mortality rate was 1.9%, and this increased to 5.8% in the TA group(1). There were 48 @entity204 (22.7%) in the STAT group, 29 @entity204 (2.6%) in the ALERT group, and 9 @entity204 (0.28%) in @entity1 with no TA(1). When emergency department @entity204 were excluded, the remaining 60 @entity204 resulted in a mortality rate of 1.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Our Level I pediatric @entity130 center manages a large volume of @entity1 with significant acuity and, evidenced by a TA in 29% of the @entity1 , a severe or very severe @entity130 in 16% of the @entity1 , 16% of the @entity1 requiring ICU admission, and 47% requiring operative intervention. The TA @entity1 had markedly higher rates of ICU admission, @entity130 , and mortality. Deaths in the study were lower by almost an order of magnitude comparing TA STATs with TA ALERTs and TA ALERT @entity1 with @entity1 without TA. The TA criteria are in many ways very helpful and is integral to a Level I @entity130 center. However, opportunities were identified for improvement because of areas of "overutilization" and discordance between TA and @entity130 .

title: @entity130 activation: are we making the right call? A 3-year experience at a Level I pediatric XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the trauma', 'injury severity score', 'ISS', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions, by virtue of a graft-versus- @entity5 effect, have been shown to induce remissions in @entity1778 that recurs after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Similar effects have been postulated to contribute to the decreased recurrence rate observed after allogeneic transplantation in @entity1893 . This lower recurrence rate may be due to a variety of other mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate the role of graft-versus- @entity706 effects in @entity1 in whom @entity706 recur after allogeneic transplantation. At the time of recurrence, immunosuppressive therapy was withheld. @entity1 with non-responding disease received an infusion of donor lymphocytes. @entity1 were observed for response and @entity2132 . Disease in four of nine @entity1 responded to withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. A minor response was observed in one of three recipients of donor lymphocyte infusions. Responses were observed among two @entity1 with @entity706 , one with @entity706 and one with @entity981 . A minor response was observed in a @entity1 with @entity6491 . We conclude that withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy and donor lymphocyte infusion can induce durable remissions in @entity1 with @entity706 after allogeneic transplantation.

title: Management of @entity706 after allogeneic transplantation: the relevance of graft-versus- XXXX effect.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma', 'recurrent lymphoma', 'large cell lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6491 :: ('MESH:D015463', 'Disease') :: ['prolymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: According to international guidelines, the level and adjustment of antiinflammatory treatment for @entity565 are based solely on symptoms and lung function. We investigated whether a treatment strategy aimed at reducing airway hyperresponsiveness ( @entity5874 strategy) in addition to the recommendations in the existing guidelines (reference strategy) led to: (1) more effective control of @entity565 ; and (2) greater improvement of @entity32 . To accomplish this, we conducted a randomized, prospective, parallel trial involving 75 adults with mild to moderate @entity565 who visited a clinic every 3 mo for 2 yr. At each visit, FEV1 and @entity5874 to @entity2710 were assessed, and subjects kept diaries of symptoms, @entity2263 -agonist use, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Medication with @entity288 (four levels) was adjusted according to a stepwise approach (reference strategy), to which four severity classes of @entity5874 were added ( @entity5874 strategy). At entry and after 2 yr, bronchial biopsies were obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. @entity1 treated according to the @entity5874 strategy had a 1.8-fold lower rate of mild exacerbations than did @entity1 in the reference strategy group (0. 23 and 0.43 exacerbation/yr/ @entity1 , respectively). FEV1 also improved to a significantly greater extent in the @entity5874 strategy group (p </= 0.05). In bronchial biopsies this was accompanied by a greater reduction in thickness of the subepithelial reticular layer in the @entity5874 strategy group than in the reference strategy group (mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7 micrometers (0.2 to 3.1) micrometers]). The changes in @entity5874 in both strategy groups were correlated with eosinophil counts in the biopsies (r = -0.48, p = 0.003). We conclude that reducing @entity5874 in conjunction with optimizing symptoms and lung function leads to more effective control of @entity565 while alleviating @entity32 . This implies a role for the monitoring of @entity5874 or other surrogate markers of @entity32 in the long-term management of @entity565 .

title: Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of XXXX when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. The AMPUL Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airways inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: A long-standing goal in gene therapy for @entity5 is a stable, low toxic, systemic gene delivery system that selectively targets @entity5 cells, including @entity3 . Progress has been made toward developing non-viral, pharmaceutical formulations of genes for in vivo @entity1 therapy, particularly cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer systems. Ligand-directed @entity5 targeting of cationic liposome-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) is showing promise for targeted gene delivery and systemic gene therapy. Lipoplexes directed by ligands such as @entity1501 , @entity69 or anti- @entity69 receptor @entity10390 , showed @entity5 -targeted gene delivery and expression in @entity1 breast, prostate, @entity135 . The two elements, ligand/receptor and liposome composition, work together to realize the goal of functional @entity5 targeting of gene therapeutics. The @entity5 suppressor gene, @entity876 , has been shown to be involved in the control of DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Loss or malfunction of this @entity876 -mediated apoptotic pathway has been proposed as one mechanism by which @entity5 become resistant to chemotherapy or radiation. The systemically delivered ligand-liposome- @entity876 gene therapeutics resulted in efficient expression of functional wild-type @entity876 , sensitizing the @entity5 to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This is a novel strategy combining current molecular medicine with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity5 . The systemic delivery of normal @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 by a non-viral, @entity5 -targeted delivery system as a new therapeutic intervention has the potential to critically impact the clinical management of @entity5 .

title: Tumor-targeted XXXX -gene therapy enhances the efficacy of conventional chemo/radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity167 consumption for long periods negatively influences physiological functions of many cells, and leads to organ damage. Reactive @entity26 and @entity1568 species produced by @entity1068 metabolism cause adverse effects that might be alleviated by simultaneous treatment with various antioxidants. Here, the ability of @entity19529 (EP) to reduce @entity1068 -induced oxidative stress was evaluated. Chemiluminescence studies show that EP has a higher capacity than @entity2388 to scavenge @entity273 and @entity224 anions. In order to evaluate whether EP can exert a protective effect against @entity1068 , @entity35 were offered 10% @entity1068 in drinking burettes, containing or not different concentrations of EP (0.3%, 1% and 3%). The comet assay was employed to quantify the alcohol-induced DNA damage in @entity35 lymphocytes. This test is a promising tool for the estimation of DNA damage at the single cell level. A significant protective effect of EP was observed in @entity35 groups treated with this antioxidant, compared with those drinking only @entity1068 . Since EP has been shown to decrease the expression of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators, the monocyte respiratory burst was evaluated. The activation of monocyte @entity1110 oxidase by @entity4996 (PMA) showed that @entity224 anion production was higher in the @entity1068 group than in the control group. The presence of EP considerably reduced @entity224 anion production. In conclusion, hypotheses on possible mechanisms of action of EP on @entity35 white blood cells are proposed.

title: Protective effect of @entity19529 on msP XXXX leukocytes damaged by @entity167 intake.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity19529 :: ('MESH:C046522', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in evaluating the histopathologic grade of @entity816 and compare the relative value of SWI and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an analysis of 26 untreated @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity816 . The @entity5 were classified as low grade (grade I-II: 12 cases) or high grade (grade III-IV: 14 cases). Imaging was performed with a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Conventional sequences [T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and T2 FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2FLAIR)] and SWI sequence (including CE-SWI) were done. The number of small vessels and the amount of blood products in the @entity5 were determined for each sequence. Differences between the two groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: SWI was more sensitive than conventional sequences (T1WI, CE-T1WI, T2WI, and T2FLAIR) in visualizing small vessels and microhemorrhages in @entity816 (P < 0.01). CE-SWI was better than CE-T1WI sequences for visualizing @entity5 small vessels and microhemorrhages. SWI visualized greater numbers of small vessels and areas of microhemorrhages in high-grade @entity5 than in low-grade @entity5 (P < 0.01). This was especially true after contrast administration (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: SWI plays an important role in @entity816 grading, especially for enhanced @entity816 after contrast injection. CE-SWI was better than CE-T1WI in visualizing @entity5 architecture.

title: Susceptibility-weighted imaging: the value in XXXX grading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma', 'cerebral astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['cerebral astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the current pathophysiologic mechanisms and recent therapeutic trends in @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search for @entity6715 and @entity137 in combination with Fas, @entity12 ( @entity12 ), cytotoxic T cells, intravenous immunoglobulin, and @entity205 for articles published in English during 1966 to 2006. STUDY SELECTION: Information was derived from original research articles and reviews published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS: The hallmark of @entity6715 and @entity137 is epidermal cell apoptosis, which may be mediated through keratinocyte Fas- @entity12 interaction or through cytotoxic T-cell release of perforin and @entity10807 . Whereas systemic corticosteroid therapy showed contradictory results, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and @entity205 have shown promising outcomes. IVIG contains anti-Fas antibodies that can abrogate apoptosis when preincubated with keratinocytes. Most studies on IVIG in @entity6715 and @entity137 reported improvement in arresting disease progression and reduction in time to skin healing. Because of variations among studies, the findings cannot be optimally compared. In general, mortality varied from 0% to 12% in studies that supported the use of IVIG and 25% to 41.7% in those that did not demonstrate a beneficial effect. @entity205 inhibits @entity405 activation and thus may reduce epidermal destruction. Relatively few case reports and 1 case series have been published regarding the use of @entity205 in @entity6715 and @entity137 . In general, @entity205 was associated with a significant improvement in time to @entity1167 and to complete reepithelization, with no reported fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Both IVIG and @entity205 have been associated with enhanced healing and better survival through inhibition of apoptosis. Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials using a standardized design are needed to validate these findings.

title: Pathogenesis and recent therapeutic trends in @entity6715 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['disease arrest']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: Plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) was measured in 38 cases of @entity12040 . The values of resting peripheral vein blood PRA were 32.2 +/- 4.2 (SE) mmug/ml. These values were 3 times higher than those of normal subjects. @entity101 due to @entity2791 was observed in 18 cases. Their resting PRA values were 41.2 +/- 6.0 mmug/ml, while in the remaining 20 @entity1 without @entity2792 those values were 24.2 +/- 5.4 mmug/ml. The @entity1 belonging to aortic arch type or extensive type had 2 times higher PRA values than those of abdominal type. The @entity1 with @entity850 or obstruction of common carotid arteries had significantly higher PRA values than the @entity1 without these lesions. Hyperresponse of @entity916 secretion to upright posture was also observed in the same @entity1 with @entity543 . Abnormal @entity916 release in @entity12040 disappeared after denervation of the carotid sinus nerve. The present study suggests that the unstable state of carotid sinus reflex is the main cause for the hypersecretion of @entity916 .

title: Elevated plasma XXXX activity in @entity12040 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'aortitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']