abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the role of angiogenesis and @entity3840 expression in @entity5 and correlate these factors with prognosis. INTRODUCTION: For @entity511 , the histological grade is the current standard for predicting @entity5 outcome. However, a @entity258 can follow an aggressive course-as monitored by sequential imaging techniques-even when it is histologically indistinguishable from an @entity83 . Therefore, additional tools are needed to help identify the biological potential of these @entity5 . The degree of angiogenesis that is induced by the @entity5 could assist in this task. Angiogenesis can be quantified by measuring the expression of @entity7 and @entity2280 , and @entity3840 can induce angiogenesis by stimulating the production of proangiogenic factors. METHODS: In total, 21 @entity83 and 58 conventional @entity511 were studied by examining the clinical and histopathological findings in conjunction with the immunostaining markers of angiogenesis and @entity3840 expression. RESULTS: The significant variables that were associated with poor outcome were 1) higher-grade @entity511 , 2) @entity5 that developed in flat bones, and 3) over-expression of @entity2280 (with a median count that was higher than 5.9 vessels in 5 high power fields). Moreover, @entity2280 expression (measured using the Chalkley method) revealed significantly higher microvessel density in flat @entity79 . DISCUSSION: Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between Chalkley microvessel density and histological grade; however, in our sample, we found that the former is predictive of the outcome. @entity511 in flat bones have been shown to correlate with a poor prognosis. We also found that @entity2280 microvessel density values were significantly higher in @entity79 . This could explain-at least in part-the more aggressive biological course that is taken by these @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that @entity2280 microvessel density in @entity511 can be helpful in predicting @entity1 outcome and may add to our understanding of @entity511 pathogenesis.

title: Analysis of angiogenic factors and @entity3840 expression in XXXX - clinical and histological correlation.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas', 'Chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cartilaginous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma', 'enchondromas']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['flat-bone chondrosarcomas', 'bone chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3840 :: ('5743', 'Gene') :: ['cyclooxygenase-2', 'cyclooxygenase- 2']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cartilaginous tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity827 ( @entity827 ) is the most common monogenic @entity8649 . @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is an inflammatory cutaneous disease. Those diseases can occur simultaneously among the same individual. Our objective was to describe the features of @entity1 displaying both @entity827 and @entity1751 . METHODS: We screened the French adult @entity827 reference center for @entity827 @entity1 with @entity1751 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 out of 151 (4%) with a median age of 36 years old were concerned. Among them, @entity827 was symptomatic at a median age of 11.5years old and @entity3812 was introduced at a median age of 20.5years old. @entity1751 was diagnosed at a median age of 31.5years old. An elderly @entity1 displayed @entity2783 in the outcome of @entity827 , with a late diagnosis of @entity1751 , with response to anakinra. There was no temporal relation between @entity827 and @entity1751 attacks. Some @entity1 had a persistent inflammatory syndrome under treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity827 and @entity1751 are both inflammatory diseases involving young @entity1 , with @entity1751 possibly being an @entity8649 . Although their association seems to be fortuitous, both can induce an important @entity32 state that could lead to @entity2783 and require a close monitoring of clinical signs and acute-phase reactants. Anakinra was successful in treating the only @entity1 with both @entity1751 , @entity827 and @entity2783 .

title: Association of hidradenitis suppurativa and XXXX : A case series of 6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Familial mediterranean fever', 'FMF']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory disease']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4939 ( @entity13390 , @entity4464 , and @entity19824 ) have seldom been investigated in the adult general population. Clinical studies of @entity4939 , however, show that these disorders may be indicators of underlying @entity146 and may have serious consequences. METHOD: A representative sample of the United Kingdom population (N = 4972) was interviewed by telephone with the Sleep-EVAL system. RESULTS: @entity13390 were reported by 2.2% (95% CI = 1.8% to 2.6%) of the sample, @entity4464 by 2.0% (1.6% to 2.4%), and @entity19824 by 4.2% (3.6% to 4.8%). The rate of these 3 @entity4939 decreased significantly with age, but no gender difference was observed. Multivariate models identified the following independent factors as associated with @entity19824 (odds ratio [OR]): age of 15-24 years (OR = 4.1), shift work (OR = 2.1), hypnagogic @entity1833 (OR = 3.3), deep sleep (OR = 1.6), @entity25 (OR = 1.9), @entity1021 (OR = 1.7), daily smoking (OR = 1.7), @entity2166 (OR = 3.1), and @entity162 (OR = 13.0). Factors associated with @entity13390 were subjective sense of choking or blocked breathing at night (OR = 5.1), @entity27 (OR = 4.1), @entity167 consumption at bedtime (OR = 3.9), violent or injury-causing behaviors during sleep (OR = 3.2), hypnagogic @entity1833 (OR = 2.2), and nightmares at least 1 night per month (OR = 4.0). Factors associated with @entity4464 were age of 15-24 years (OR = 5.2), subjective sense of choking or blocked breathing at night (OR = 5.1), @entity1021 (OR = 5.0), and a road accident in the past year (OR = 3.9) after controlling for possible effects of @entity1949 , life stress, and @entity25 . CONCLUSION: @entity4939 , especially @entity13390 and @entity19824 , are often the expression of a @entity146 . Other life or medical conditions, such as shift work or excessive need of sleep for @entity19824 and stressful events for @entity4464 , may also trigger @entity4939 . Prevalence rates are based on self-reported data and, consequently, are likely underestimated.

title: XXXX , @entity4464 , and @entity19824 in the general population: their frequency and relationship to other @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['sleep talking']

entities_list: @entity19824 :: ('MESH:D020921', 'Disease') :: ['confusional arousals']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['Arousal parasomnias', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['sleepwalking']

entities_list: @entity13390 :: ('MESH:D020184', 'Disease') :: ['Night terrors', 'night terrors']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'mental and sleep disorders']

answer: @entity13390 :: (MESH:D020184,Disease) :: ['Night terrors']


abstract: Complement split products @entity4417 and @entity10287 are reportedly elevated in @entity1 with @entity697 . We have now examined these immunologic markers in @entity1 with @entity102 compared to appropriate disease controls. The study population consisted of 29 healthy controls, 445 @entity1 with @entity102 , 11 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and six @entity1 with @entity791 . The @entity3001 @entity1 were divided according to @entity85 (324 @entity1 ) or predominant neurologic symptoms (121 @entity1 ). @entity4417 and @entity10287 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. All @entity1 with @entity102 and @entity791 had normal @entity4417 levels compared to controls, whereas @entity1 with @entity1252 had significantly increased levels of this marker. @entity1 with @entity85 of @entity3001 and @entity791 @entity1 had significantly increased levels of @entity10287 compared to either controls, @entity1 with predominant neurologic symptoms of @entity3001 or @entity1252 @entity1 . Response to antibiotic therapy in @entity102 was associated with a significant decrease in the @entity10287 level, whereas lack of response was associated with a significant increase in this marker. In contrast, @entity791 @entity1 had persistently increased @entity10287 levels despite antiretroviral therapy. Lyme @entity1 with positive single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scans had significantly lower @entity10287 levels compared to Lyme @entity1 with normal SPECT scan results. @entity1 with @entity85 of @entity3001 have normal @entity4417 and increased @entity10287 levels. This pattern differs from the increase in both markers seen in @entity697 , and @entity10287 changes correlate with the response to therapy in @entity102 . @entity10287 appears to be a valuable immunologic marker in @entity1 with persistent symptoms of @entity3001 .

title: Complement split products @entity4417 and @entity10287 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['predominant musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic lyme disease']


abstract: AIM: To examine the results of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in Ireland over a 14-year period. METHODS: Cases of @entity157 receiving OLT between January 1995 and September 2009 in the Irish Liver Transplant Unit were reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Outcome measures included overall and recurrence free survival, @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity5 pathological features. RESULTS: On explant pathology, 57 @entity1 had @entity157 . The median follow-up time was 42.7 mo. The overall 1, 3 and 5 years survival was 87.7%, 72.1% and 72.4%. There was no difference in survival when compared to @entity1 undergoing OLT without @entity5 . The @entity5 recurrence rate was 14%. The Milan criteria were exceeded in 32% of cases but this did not predict overall survival or recurrence. On multivariate analysis pre-operative @entity160 > 100 ng/mL was an independent risk factor for recurrence (RR = 5.2, CI: 1.1-24.3, P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing OLT for @entity157 had excellent survival even when conventional listing criteria were exceeded. Pre-operative @entity160 predicts recurrence independent of @entity5 size and its role in selection criteria should be investigated in larger studies.

title: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Ireland: Pre-operative XXXX predicts @entity5 recurrence in a 14-year single-centre national experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: The traditional view of the @entity551 during @entity190 is that it is a passive phenomenon. Blood pressure falls due to the inability of the compensatory mechanisms to keep pace with @entity190 . However, recent evidence indicates that this transition from normotension to @entity551 may involve an active decrease in compensation by the sympathetic nervous system. In the conscious, chronically prepared @entity95 , blood pressure is maintained early in @entity548 primarily by sympathetically mediated compensatory increases in vascular resistance and heart rate. When @entity190 exceeds approximately 20% of total blood volume, @entity551 develops abruptly due to a decrease in vascular resistance. This vasodilation is accompanied by decreased plasma @entity1063 (NE) levels and decreased sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, the transition from normotension to @entity551 during @entity548 involves an active change, a decrease in vascular resistance, associated with a decrease in sympathetic nerve activity. Opioid receptor blockade with @entity1510 reverses acute hemorrhagic @entity551 by increasing vascular resistance. The increase in resistance is accompanied by increased plasma NE and increased sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, the transition to @entity551 during @entity548 may be an active event brought on by a decrease in sympathetic outflow. @entity1510 's reversal of the @entity551 is consistent with the central involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in this phenomenon and thus in the pathogenesis of @entity551 during @entity190 .

title: Sympathetic and hemodynamic adjustments to XXXX : a possible role for endogenous opioid peptides.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'acute hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in blood pressure', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Limited axonal plasticity within the central nervous system (CNS) is a major restriction for functional recovery after CNS injury. The small GTPase @entity3547 is a key molecule of the converging downstream cascade that leads to the inhibition of axonal re-growth. The Rho-pathway integrates growth inhibitory signals derived from extracellular cues, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, @entity14841 , @entity10838 , @entity35029 , into the damaged axon. Consequently, the activation of @entity3547 results in growth cone collapse and finally outgrowth failure. In turn, the inhibition of @entity3547 -activation blinds the injured axon to its growth inhibitory environment resulting in enhanced axonal sprouting and plasticity. This has been demonstrated in various CNS-injury models for direct @entity3547 -inhibition and for downstream/upstream blockade of the @entity3547 -associated pathway. In addition, @entity3547 -inhibition reduces apoptotic cell death and secondary damage and improves locomotor recovery in clinically relevant models after experimental @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Unexpectedly, a subset of "small molecules" from the group of non- @entity134 anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly the FDA-approved @entity5018 , has recently been identified as (1) inhibiting @entity3547 -activation, (2) enhancing axonal sprouting/regeneration, (3) protecting "tissue at risk" (neuroprotection) and (4) improving motor recovery confined to realistic therapeutical time-frames in clinically relevant @entity1566 models. Here, we survey the effect of small-molecule-induced @entity3547 -inhibition on axonal plasticity and neurofunctional outcome in CNS @entity130 . Furthermore, we discuss the body of preclinical evidence for a possible clinical translation with a focus on @entity5018 and illustrate putative risks and benefits for the treatment of acute @entity1566 .

title: Small-molecule-induced Rho-inhibition: NSAIDs after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35029 :: ('4974', 'Gene') :: ['oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, Ephrins and repulsive guidance molecule-A']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity10838 :: ('4099', 'Gene') :: ['myelin-associated glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury paradigms']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity4530 are alarming skin conditions where @entity4530 formation occurs in various ways and cannot be differentiated clinically. For confirmation of diagnosis, along with routine histological examination, immunofluorescence study is essential. Tzanck smear may be used as a rapid diagnostic tool. We included here 34 cases of different blistering lesions. Other than routine @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain, direct immunofluorescence test was done in 31 cases, indirect immunofluorescence in 28 cases and Tzanck smear in 33 cases. Direct immunofluorescence stain was also applied on Tzanck smears. The most frequent diagnoses were @entity7271 (n = 16), bullous pemphigoid (n = 11) and linear IgA @entity272 (n = 3). Clinical findings and histological examination were sufficient for the diagnosis of most cases. Direct immunofluorescence study is essential in many cases, and indirect immunofluorescence study is a useful method for diagnosis of some of the @entity4530 , especially in @entity7271 . Direct immunofluorescence staining on Tzanck smear is a novel technique for the diagnosis of @entity7271 .

title: Clinicopathological correlation of XXXX of skin.

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Blistering diseases', 'blistering diseases', 'blister']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['blistering diseases']


abstract: Brain microdialysis (MD) is a well-established technique to monitor the chemistry of the extracellular space in the brain during neurointensive care. MD may be useful in severe cases of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in which monitoring of @entity428 and cerebral perfusion pressure is required. @entity880 / @entity2388 (L/P) ratio, @entity413 , @entity2227 , and @entity653 can be measured using a bedside device. The L/P ratio is a sensitive marker of changes in the redox state of cells caused by @entity63 . @entity653 is an integral component of cell membranes. Loss of energy due to @entity63 eventually leads to an influx of @entity460 and a decomposition of cell membranes, which liberates @entity653 into the interstitial fluid. Thus the L/P ratio and @entity653 have become the most important markers of @entity63 and cell membrane damage. As the primary source of energy, @entity413 is an important marker of changes in brain metabolism and the @entity2227 level is an indirect marker of cell damage. We have monitored MD together with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) for 55 to 287 (142  74) hours in 8 severe @entity131 @entity1 . No complications were observed in relation to MD and @entity428 monitoring. Our preliminary results indicate that MD L/P ratios are higher and more fluctuated in poor outcome @entity1 compared to those in favorable outcome @entity1 . MD in association with other brain monitoring techniques is safe and may be useful in preventing and relieving secondary @entity63 , predicting outcome and guiding therapy after severe @entity131 . However, the value of MD as a tool in routine neurointensive care decision-making remains unclear.

title: [Use of intracerebral microdialysis in severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The vanishing @entity1062 with @entity3930 is a rare syndrome with frequency of 1 in 20,000 males. Here, we report about a 30 years old male subject with @entity1062 , feminization and @entity247 . Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Leutinizing hormone (LH) levels were elevated whereas @entity251 was below normal and anti-mullerian-hormone level was undetectable in the @entity1 . The chromosomal analysis and DNA analysis of @entity16438 and @entity29559 , DAX-I, @entity16619 , AZFb, AZFc and heterochromatic region of Y chromosome with STS primer (sY160) were done to detect any genetic changes at specified sites (both at chromosomal and molecular level). Karyotyping confirmed @entity1 as 46, XY male, with no evidence of mosaicism in blood cells. PCR amplification of @entity16438 gene indicated that the @entity16438 gene of the @entity1 was normal. PCR amplification of @entity16438 , @entity29559 , DAX-I, @entity16619 , AZFb, AZFc gene and Y chromosome heterochromatic region using STS primer sY(160) did not reveal any microdeletions. The anti-mullerian-hormone level was undetectable indicating that the @entity1 didn't have any testicular tissue in scrotum. Increased levels of FSH, LH and reversed @entity342 : @entity172 ratio might have given rise to @entity247 in the @entity1 . @entity16438 -positive 46,XY male with vanishing @entity1062 might be due to torsion of @entity1062 during descent in fetal period. The torsion of @entity1062 might have caused @entity432 and thereby regression of testicular tissue occurred, but the exact @entity74 yet to understand.

title: XXXX -positive 46, XY male with @entity1062 , feminization and @entity247 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['testis', 'vanishing testis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity16438 :: (6736,Gene) :: ['SRY']


abstract: Chemoradiotherapy has improved the outcome of @entity1 with @entity418 . Although a sufficiently long-time survival has resulted in the increase of several treatment-related late @entity137 , little is still known about the incidence of @entity5 . In our hospital, 348 @entity1 with @entity418 received chemotherapy consisting of @entity1814 and @entity1487 and concurrent irradiation. Median and average follow-up durations were 8 and 21 months (1-92), respectively. Four @entity1 developed @entity1778 after 19-48 months of follow-up. Two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1778 from @entity2590 presenting a complex karyotype, including the deletion of chromosome 5 or 7. Notably, one @entity1 showed an additional @entity2008 with t(9;22)(q34;q11). Other @entity1 developed @entity3052 with t(9;22)(q34;q11) and @entity2109 with t(8;14)(q24;q32). All @entity1 eventually succumbed to @entity1778 . @entity902 and @entity1487 have shown relatively lower risks for @entity5 in comparison with alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Especially, @entity1814 has never been described to introduce secondary neoplasms. Our report supports the idea that the concurrent administration of radiotherapy with these agents affects the risk of @entity1778 . Interestingly, rare balanced @entity2008 were observed in the present cases, thus providing new insights into the leukemogenesis of @entity1778 .

title: Therapy-related XXXX following chemoradiotherapy for @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['therapy-related leukemia', 'overt leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality', 'chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: The absorption and disappearance of @entity632 (ADM) through the bladder epithelium in the @entity35 was investigated using a fluorescence microscope. In the absorption study in vitro, ADM permeated through the epithelium into the lamina propria or the inner layer of the muscle within 15 minutes after instillation, showing no further infiltration into the deeper part of the bladder wall. In addition, fluorescence histological evidence for the uptake of ADM by the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the lamina propria suggested a systemic diffusion of ADM to the whole blood by blood circulation. These data coincided well with the absorption study in vivo. On the other hand, ADM once absorbed in the bladder wall disappeared from the lamina propria or the inner layer of the muscle and was confined only in the epithelium at 60 min after the excretion of ADM. The intensity of ADM fluorescence then decreased gradually with time elapsed. No ADM fluorescence was recognized in the bladder tissue 48 hr later. In the absorption study with the BBN induced @entity35 @entity150 , ADM permeated into all the cells of @entity5 within 5 minutes of instillation. The fluorescence histological method used in the present study is harmless and may readily be applicable to the pharmacodynamic study of ADM in @entity1 @entity150 . This method proves to be a promising approach to the development of an ideal instillation therapy effective on @entity150 cells without side-effects.

title: [Fluorescence microscopy of the absorption and disappearance of XXXX through the bladder epithelium in the @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1501 fortification has resulted in a dramatic increase in @entity1501 intake in the United States. @entity1501 intake is inversely associated with circulating total @entity1255 (tHcy). Elevated tHcy is directly associated with @entity65 risk. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present the distribution of plasma concentrations of tHcy in US adults by using data from nationally representative sample surveys conducted since @entity1501 fortification was implemented. DESIGN: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999-2001 and 2001-2002 were used to study tHcy distribution by age, sex, and race-ethnicity in 9196 @entity1 . RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of tHcy were higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 and in older @entity1 than in younger @entity1 . In those aged 19-30, 31-50, and 51-70 y but not in those aged >70 y, @entity1 had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher mean plasma concentrations of tHcy than did @entity1 . A race-ethnicity difference in plasma tHcy existed only in @entity1 aged >70 y. @entity7864 aged >70 y had significantly (P < 0.05) higher tHcy concentrations than did non-Hispanic white or Mexican American or Hispanic subjects in the same age group. Age-adjusted plasma tHcy concentrations did not differ significantly between non-Hispanic white (8.39 micromol/L), @entity7864 (8.92 micromol/L), and Mexican American or Hispanic (8.12 micromol/L) subjects. The rate of increase in plasma tHcy was greater in non-Hispanic blacks aged >/=50 y than in @entity1 of similar age but of other races-ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: These plasma tHcy data reflect the effects of @entity1501 fortification. Sex, age, and race-ethnicity differences persist in plasma tHcy concentrations.

title: Population reference values for plasma total @entity1255 concentrations in US adults after the fortification of cereals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folic acid', 'folate', 'Folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black', 'Non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease causing progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ), in which @entity528 often occurs by the fourth decade of life, constitutes the most severe form of this disease. Two genes commonly associated with @entity8105 have previously been cloned: @entity6391 GTPase regulator ( @entity8099 ) and @entity6391 2 ( @entity10289 ). We sought to identify mutations in these genes in Jordanian families suffering from this disease. Five unrelated Jordanian families with confirmed @entity8105 were screened for such mutations using direct sequencing. Three mutations were identified in the ORF15 exon of @entity8099 . The silent @entity35434 substitution and the @entity35435 insertion in the 3   -untranslated region were found in both normal and affected male family members at comparable frequencies, and thus were considered normal variants. The third mutation, @entity35436 , in which @entity3929 is substituted by @entity1889 , was found in all affected @entity1 and one unaffected @entity1 in the two families harboring this variant. Thus, this mutation may be pathogenic, but with incomplete penetrance. No @entity10289 mutations were found among the examined families. Mutation screening of @entity6391 @entity1 is essential to understand the mechanism behind this disease and develop treatments. A complete family history is required to identify its inheritance pattern and provide genetic counseling for @entity1 and their families.

title: Screening for mutations in @entity8099 and @entity10289 genes in Jordanian families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8105 :: ('MESH:C564481', 'Disease') :: ['XLRP', 'X-linked RP']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration begins in early childhood and complete blindness']

answer: @entity8105 :: (MESH:C564481,Disease) :: ['X-linked retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. OBJECTIVE: To compare two kyphoplasty techniques in cadaveric fractured vertebrae: an experimental vertebral jack tool (VJT) and an inflatable bone tamp (IBT). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A previous biomechanical study showed restored strength and @entity2693 after height restoration in cadaveric-fractured osteoporotic vertebrae using a new device for @entity3604 . METHODS: Anterior wedge @entity174 ( @entity31305 .2) were created in 8 (4 lumbar, 4 thoracic) vertebrae by displacement eccentric external forces. In all vertebrae the amount of height reduction was 35%. After compression, 4 vertebrae were restored in height using the VJT procedure. Four vertebrae were restored in height using the IBT procedure. Posttreatment strength and @entity2693 of the vertebrae were determined by a compression test identical to the pretreatment compression protocol. RESULTS.: In the VJT group the post-restoration strength was 81% +/- 13% of the original strength and in the IBT group it was 96% +/- 32%. The post-restoration @entity2693 in the VJT group was 61% +/- 42% of the original @entity2693 and in the IBT group 76% +/- 62% of the original @entity2693 . The vertebrae in the VJT group were restored to 101% +/- 2% of their original height whereas this was 104% +/- 14% in the IBT group. In this study, no cases of cement leakage were found. No cases of damaging of the end plates, new @entity174 or perforations were seen in both groups. The mean amount of cement inserted for the VJT group was 3.6 +/- 0.9 cm and for the IBT group 5.9 +/- 0.8 cm. CONCLUSION: Both kyphoplasty procedures were able to restore height in this in vitro study, while strength and @entity2693 were partially restored, with no significant differences. In this study on average significant less cement was used in the VJT procedure. No complications were noted in both groups. This new end plate-to-end plate laminar augmentation technique may be of clinical advantage.

title: Biomechanical evaluation of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral jack tool and the inflatable bone tamp for reduction of osteoporotic spine fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2695 are @entity5 that are characterised by excessive angiogenesis. While there is no definitive treatment for these @entity5 , several angiogenesis inhibitors, including @entity1732 , have been employed. To better understand the mechanism of @entity1732 in accelerating haemangioma regression, we investigated the effects of the drug on hemangiomagenesis using a previously described @entity19 @entity2695 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of @entity1732 were tested in @entity19 injected with endothelioma cells to induce @entity2695 development. At termination, tissue samples from @entity1732 -treated and control @entity19 were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 for histological examination. @entity1379 , @entity11132 and @entity8387 expression were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Hematological analysis was undertaken using a hemocounter. @entity1994 activity was analyzed in tissue homogenates and endothelioma cells using ELISA. Also, caspase activity was analysed in endothelioma cells by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity1732 inhibited @entity5 growth in vivo in a dose-dependant manner. Our findings also revealed that @entity1732 inhibited @entity1994 activation and suppressed @entity1379 . In vitro @entity1732 increased caspase activation. CONCLUSION: Our observations reveal possible mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of @entity1732 on hemangiomagenesis, and raise the possibility that @entity1379 might be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of @entity2695 .

title: Inhibition of @entity2695 development in a syngeneic @entity19 model correlates with @entity1379 suppression and the inhibition of XXXX kinase activity.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign vascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1031 is a common and important complication after total hip arthroplasty. A variety of pharmacological and mechanical measures have been proposed for prophylaxis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression as prophylaxis against @entity1031 following total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The prospective study involved a consecutive series of 425 @entity1 in whom a total of 502 (324 primary and 178 revision) total hip arthroplasties had been performed by two surgeons. The @entity1 were managed intraoperatively and postoperatively with use of thigh-high elastic compression stockings and thigh-high intermittent pneumatic compression sleeves. Experienced vascular technologists performed venous duplex ultrasonography on both lower extremities of all @entity1 at a mean of six days (range, two to fifteen days) postoperatively. All @entity1 were followed for at least one year in order to detect late @entity1031 . RESULTS: An asymptomatic @entity1150 was noted on the scans made after twenty-three (4.6 percent) of the 502 procedures. Nineteen (3.8 percent) of the arthroplasties were followed by the development of a proximal @entity715 and four (0.8 percent), a distal @entity715 . Nineteen of the @entity715 were ipsilateral (eighteen were proximal and one, distal), and four were contralateral (one was proximal and three, distal). No symptomatic @entity1150 developed in the hospital. In addition, three (two proximal and one distal) symptomatic @entity1150 (a prevalence of 0.6 percent) developed three to twenty-three weeks after postoperative scans revealed negative findings and the @entity1 were discharged from the hospital. Three symptomatic @entity1151 (a prevalence of 0.6 percent) were confirmed by ventilation-perfusion scanning while the @entity1 were in the hospital. There were no symptomatic @entity1151 after discharge, and there were no fatal @entity1151 . With the numbers available, we were unable to detect an association between @entity1150 and age (p = 0.76), gender (p = 0.13), body-mass index (p = 0.12), type of arthroplasty (primary or revision) (p = 0.12), operative approach (p = 0.37), duration of the operation (p = 0.21), type of anesthesia (general or regional) (p = 0.51), units of blood transfused (autologous, p = 0.79; homologous, p = 0.57), blood type (p = 0.18), or the presence of a so-called classic risk factor for the development of @entity715 (p = 0.22). Five arthroplasties (1.0 percent) were followed by the development of a wound @entity1410 , but only one @entity1410 necessitated operative drainage. CONCLUSIONS: The use of intraoperative and postoperative thigh-high intermittent pneumatic compression, combined with duplex ultrasonography performed by experienced vascular technologists, is effective for prophylaxis against @entity1031 after both primary and revision total hip arthroplasties. The low prevalence of @entity1150 (4.6 percent) and symptomatic @entity1151 (0.6 percent) is comparable with that associated with pharmacological prophylaxis.

title: Efficacy of prophylaxis against XXXX with intermittent pneumatic compression after primary and revision total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolisms']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'ipsilateral deep-vein thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anopheles albimanus is an important @entity311 vector in some areas throughout its distribution in the Caribbean and the Pacific regions of Colombia, covering three biogeographic zones of the neotropical region, Maracaibo, Magdalena and Choc  . METHODS: This study was conducted to estimate intra-population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and demographic history of An. albimanus populations because knowledge of vector population structure is a useful tool to guide @entity311 control programmes. Analyses were based on mtDNA @entity9859 gene sequences and four microsatellite loci of individuals collected in eight populations from the Caribbean and the Pacific regions of Colombia. RESULTS: Two distinctive groups were consistently detected corresponding to @entity9859 haplotypes from each region. A star-shaped statistical parsimony network, significant and unimodal mismatch distribution, and significant negative neutrality tests together suggest a past demographic expansion or a selective sweep in An. albimanus from the Caribbean coast approximately 21,994 years ago during the late Pleistocene. Overall moderate to low genetic differentiation was observed between populations within each region. However, a significant level of differentiation among the populations closer to Buenaventura in the Pacific region was observed. The isolation by distance model best explained genetic differentiation among the Caribbean region localities: Los Achiotes, Santa Rosa de Lima and Mo  itos, but it could not explain the genetic differentiation observed between Turbo (Magdalena providence), and the Pacific region localities (Nuqu  , Buenaventura, Tumaco). The patterns of differentiation in the populations from the different biogeographic provinces could not be entirely attributed to isolation by distance. CONCLUSION: The data provide evidence for limited past gene flow between the Caribbean and the Pacific regions, as estimated by mtDNA sequences and current gene flow patterns among An. albimanus populations as measured by MS loci which may be mainly influenced by semi-permeable natural barriers in each biogeographical region that lead to the genetic differences and effective population sizes detected. The relatively high genetic differentiation in the port city of Buenaventura may be the result of specific ecological conditions, @entity1 migration and activities and/or differences in effective population sizes. This knowledge could serve to evaluate and coordinate vector control strategies in these regions of Colombia.

title: Population structure analyses and demographic history of the XXXX vector Anopheles albimanus from the Caribbean and the Pacific regions of Colombia.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Adiposity is commonly associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and many overnutrition-related @entity209 @entity2175 . Much attention has been paid to reducing @entity1386 as a way to improve adipose tissue function and @entity1720 . @entity28547 / @entity28547 is a master regulator of adipocyte nutrient metabolism. Using @entity28547 (+/-) @entity19 , the present study investigated the role of @entity28547 / @entity28547 in regulating diet-induced @entity1386 and systemic insulin resistance. On a high-fat diet (HFD), @entity28547 (+/-) @entity19 gained much less body weight than did wild-type littermates. This was attributed to a smaller increase in @entity1386 in @entity28547 (+/-) @entity19 than in wild-type controls. However, HFD-induced systemic insulin resistance was more severe in @entity28547 (+/-) @entity19 than in wild-type littermates. Compared with wild-type littermates, @entity28547 (+/-) @entity19 exhibited increased severity of HFD-induced adipose tissue dysfunction, as evidenced by increased adipose tissue lipolysis, inappropriate adipokine expression, and decreased insulin signaling, as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in both isolated adipose tissue macrophages and adipocytes. In an in vitro system, knockdown of @entity28547 / @entity28547 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused a decrease in the rate of @entity413 incorporation into lipid but an increase in the production of reactive @entity26 species. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity28547 / @entity28547 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inappropriately altered the expression of adipokines, decreased insulin signaling, increased the phosphorylation states of JNK and NFkappaB p65, and enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Together, these data suggest that @entity28547 / @entity28547 , although contributing to @entity1386 , protects against diet-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammatory response.

title: Disruption of inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase ameliorates diet-induced XXXX but exacerbates systemic insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammatory response.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['including type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['systemic insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alefacept in combination with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for the treatment of @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). METHODS: @entity1 were eligible for this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial if they were ages 18-70 years and had active @entity5144 (> or = 3 swollen joints and > or = 3 tender joints) despite treatment with @entity1500 for > or = 3 months (a stable dosage for > or = 4 weeks prior to enrollment). @entity1 were stratified according to @entity1569 body surface area (BSA) involvement (> or = 3% or < 3%). Alefacept (15 mg) or placebo was administered intramuscularly once weekly for 12 weeks in combination with @entity1500 , followed by 12 weeks of observation during which only @entity1500 treatment was continued. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of @entity1 achieving a 20% improvement in disease activity according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (an ACR20 response) at week 24. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-five @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive alefacept plus @entity1500 (n = 123) or placebo plus @entity1500 (n = 62). At week 24, 54% of @entity1 in the alefacept plus @entity1500 group achieved an ACR20 response, compared with 23% of @entity1 in the placebo plus @entity1500 group (P < 0.001). Mean reductions in tender and swollen joint counts in @entity1 receiving alefacept plus @entity1500 were -8.0 and -6.3, respectively. In @entity1 with @entity1569 involving > or = 3% BSA (n = 87), a 50% reduction from the baseline Psoriasis Area Severity Index at week 14 was achieved by 53% of @entity1 receiving alefacept plus @entity1500 compared with 17% of those receiving placebo plus @entity1500 (P < 0.001). Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. In the alefacept plus @entity1500 group, the incidence of serious adverse events was low (1.6%), and no @entity1292 or @entity5 were reported. CONCLUSION: Alefacept in combination with @entity1500 may be an effective and safe treatment for @entity5144 .

title: Alefacept in combination with @entity1499 for the treatment of XXXX : results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Homeopathic medicine is a branch of integrative medicine that has been gaining increasing popularity. However, its clinical application remains controversial. To improve the understanding of homeopathy, observational studies-which monitor the effects of homeopathy in real-life clinical settings-are a helpful adjunct to randomized controlled trials. The goal of this controlled observational study was to investigate the role of the homeopathic medicine in preventing @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ). METHODS: This retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' medical records focused on a single centre from 2002 to 2011, and examined 459 @entity1 , out of whom 248 were treated with homeopathic medicine (specific extract of @entity4186 liver and heart) and 211 were not treated. All @entity1 were followed-up for at least 1 year, and up to a maximum of 10  years. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the frequency of onset of @entity1729 was found in both the homeopathic medicine and untreated groups. The reduction in the mean number of RTI episodes during the period of observation vs. the year before inclusion in the study was significantly greater in the homeopathic-treated group than in untreated @entity1 (-4.76        1.45 vs. -3.36        1.30; p   =   0.001). The beneficial effect of the homeopathic medicine was not significantly related to gender, age, smoking habits or concomitant @entity1576 when compared to the effect observed in untreated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that homeopathic medicine may have a positive effect in preventing @entity1729 . However, randomized studies are needed before any firm conclusion can be reached.

title: Does homeopathic medicine have a preventive effect on XXXX ? A real life observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'RTIs']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effects of dietary salt restriction and loading on blood pressure in normotensive and @entity101 @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Salt sensitivity of blood pressure responses is compared to vascular reactivity to infused @entity2178 on the two @entity1372 diets. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 19 @entity1 with @entity2175 (seven normotensive, 12 @entity101 ) and seven nondiabetic control subjects under metabolic balance after 6 days on a constant low- (20 mEq) @entity1372 diet and again after 6 days on a high- (250 mEq) @entity1372 diet. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure was determined by the increment in integrated 24-hour blood pressure values on changing from the low- to the high- @entity1372 diet. Blood pressure and plasma @entity1369 responses to a graded-dose infusion of @entity2178 were also examined on both @entity1372 diets. RESULTS: Eight of 12 @entity101 @entity1 with @entity2175 displayed salt-sensitive blood pressure responses, whereas none of the normotensive @entity1 with @entity2175 or control subjects were salt-sensitive. @entity1 with @entity2175 also had augmented blood pressure responses to infused @entity2178 on both @entity1372 diets when compared to control subjects. Whereas controls had reduced vascular responses to @entity2178 on the low- @entity1372 diet, these responses were not decreased in @entity1 with @entity2175 . @entity1 with @entity2175 also retained more @entity1372 on the high- @entity1372 diet than did the control subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity2175 is frequently salt-sensitive, which may be due to @entity1372 retention and enhanced vascular reactivity to @entity2178 . Since @entity1372 restriction does not normally reduce vascular reactivity to @entity2178 in @entity2175 , salt-restricted diets may be less effective in blood pressure control in @entity101 @entity2175 .

title: Salt-sensitive blood pressure and exaggerated vascular reactivity in the XXXX of diabetes mellitus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinical trial subgroup analysis. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of different fusion techniques treating @entity179 ( @entity179 ). Summary of Background Data. Surgery has been shown to be more effective than nonoperative treatment out to 4 years. Questions remain regarding the differential effect of fusion technique. METHODS: Surgical candidates from 13 centers in 11 states with at least 12 weeks of symptoms and confirmatory imaging showing stenosis and @entity179 were studied. In addition to standard decompressive laminectomy, 1 of 3 fusion techniques was employed at the surgeon's discretion: posterolateral in situ fusion ( @entity25983 ); @entity6479 ( @entity4875 ); or @entity4875 plus interbody fusion (360 degrees). Main outcome measures were the SF-36 @entity158 ( @entity158 ) and physical function (PF) scales and the modified @entity717 Index (ODI) assessed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and yearly to 4 years. The as-treated analysis combined the randomized and observational cohorts using mixed longitudinal models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of 380 surgical @entity1 , 21% (N = 80) received a @entity25983 ; 56% (N = 213) received a @entity4875 ; 17% (N = 63) received a 360 degrees; and 6% (N = 23) had decompression only without fusion. Early outcomes varied, favoring @entity25983 compared to @entity4875 at 6 weeks (PF: 12.73 vs. 6.22, P < 0.020) and 3 months (PF: 25.24 vs.18.95, P < 0.025) and @entity4875 compared to 360 degrees at 6 weeks (ODI: -14.46 vs. -9.30, P < 0.03) and 3 months (ODI: -22.30 vs. -16.78, P < 0.02). At 2 years, 360 degrees had better outcomes: @entity158 : 39.08 versus 29.17 @entity25983 , P < 0.011; and versus 29.13 @entity4875 , P < 0.002; PF: 31.93 versus 23.27 @entity25983 , P < 0.021; and versus 25.29 @entity4875 , P < 0.036. However, these differences were not maintained at 3- and 4-year follow-up, when there were no statistically significant differences between the 3 fusion groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity179 and associated @entity612 , no consistent differences in clinical outcomes were seen among fusion groups over 4 years.

title: @entity179 : does fusion method influence outcome? Four-year results of the spine XXXX outcomes research trial.

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity6479 :: ('MESH:D012610', 'Disease') :: ['posterolateral instrumented fusion with pedicle screws']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A continuous regimen of oral @entity2692 (LNG) 90 mcg/ @entity2082 (EE) 20 mcg was evaluated for inhibition of ovulation, time to return to ovulation after stopping treatment and safety. STUDY DESIGN: This open-label study was conducted in healthy @entity1 aged 18-35 years. Ovulation was documented before treatment, and then @entity1 received oral tablets containing LNG 90 mcg/EE 20 mcg to be taken continuously for three 28-day intervals. Ovarian activity was assessed three times per week during the treatment period with transvaginal ultrasound scans and measurements of serum @entity53 , @entity1420 , follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations. Safety assessments included physical examinations, laboratory evaluations and adverse event records. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of the 58 subjects who received treatment met predefined criteria for efficacy analysis. No on-treatment ovulations occurred in the efficacy or intent-to-treat population. There was evidence of ovulation within 37 days of stopping treatment for 46 (98%) of 47 subjects evaluated posttreatment. The final subject with a history of @entity3610 ovulated by Day 66. The safety profile observed during this 84-day continuous regimen was similar to that seen with other low-dose oral contraceptives administered in a cyclic regimen. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous LNG/EE regimen completely inhibited ovulation, with little evidence of follicular development and with rapid return of ovulatory capacity after stopping treatment.

title: Ovarian activity and safety of a novel @entity2692 / XXXX continuous oral contraceptive regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinyl estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess primary care providers' rates of screening for @entity147 among adolescent @entity1 . METHODS: Secondary data analysis utilizing data from: (1) well visits in pediatric clinics within a managed care plan in California, and (2) the 2003 @entity7452 ( @entity7452 ), a state population sample. The Pediatric clinic sample included 1089 adolescent @entity1 , ages 13 to 17, who completed a survey about provider screening immediately upon exiting a well visit. The @entity7452 sample included 899 adolescents, ages 13 to 17, who had a routine physical exam within the past 3 months. As part of the survey, adolescents answered a question about whether they had talked with their provider about their emotions at the time of the exam. Logistic regressions, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and adolescent depressive symptoms were performed. RESULTS: About one-third of adolescents reported a discussion of emotional health. Females were significantly more likely to be screened than males (36% vs. 30% in clinic; 37% vs. 26% in @entity7452 ); as were older and Latino adolescents in the clinic sample. Although 27% of @entity147 , distress was not a significant predictor of talking to a provider about emotions. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care clinicians/systems need to better utilize the primary care visit to screen adolescents for emotional health.

title: Are adolescents being screened for XXXX in primary care?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California Health Interview Survey', 'CHIS']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress', 'teens endorsed emotional distress']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['emotional distress']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare a simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (sIVIM) model to commonly used monoexponential and biexponential models in the characterization of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and noncancerous prostate tissues, and to investigate combinations of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measures with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived parameters in MRI-visible index lesions, to facilitate @entity263 risk stratification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective, Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study, 43 consecutive @entity1 with @entity263 who had 3T MRI exams followed by radical prostatectomy were included. DWI and DCE parameters were measured from one index lesion per @entity1 , and noncancerous central gland and peripheral zone. Logistic regression modeling was performed to select the optimal combination of DWI and DCE measurements for @entity5 risk assessment. RESULTS: All diffusion models showed the lowest diffusion coefficients in @entity5 , intermediate values in noncancerous central gland, and highest values in noncancerous peripheral zone (all P   <   0.001). K(trans) and kep were higher in @entity5 compared to central gland (P   <   0.005) and peripheral zone (P   <   0.001). The initial area under the contrast concentration curve was higher in @entity5 than the peripheral zone (P   <   0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined DWI and DCE parameters (0.78) was higher than its individual components (0.73 and 0.63, respectively) for discriminating low- and intermediate-to-high-risk @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The sIVIM model provided comparable results with fewer b-values and shorter image acquisition time. The combination of DWI and DCE measurements of MRI-visible index lesions improved the preoperative @entity263 risk characterization compared to the individual parameters from either technique alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:908-916.

title: Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced characterization of the index lesion with multiparametric MRI in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity16 in @entity735 predicts more rapid disease progression than does single-hemifield involvement. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 43 660 consecutive @entity1 . Eyes with @entity1781 , 10 or more Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard 24-2 visual fields in at least 5 years, and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) smaller than -6.0 dB were included. Pointwise linear regression was used to determine progression. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate risk of progression based on different baseline covariates. RESULTS: We enrolled 205 eyes (205 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 64.2 [11.0] years; follow-up, 6.5 [1.8] years; number of visual fields, 12.3 [2.9]). @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: initial superior defect (group A; n = 79; @entity5494 , -3.4 [1.9] dB), @entity75 (group B; n = 61; @entity5494 , -3.4 [1.8] dB), and both hemifields affected (group C; n = 65; @entity5494 , -4.2 [1.5] dB). Group C progressed faster than did groups A and B (P < .02). Multivariate analysis showed significant effect of higher baseline intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness, and initial @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Initial @entity16 increases the risk of @entity726 progression. More aggressive therapy should be considered for these eyes.

title: XXXX with early visual field loss affecting both hemifields and the risk of disease progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['mean deviation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial inferior defect']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to both hemifields']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore @entity1 ' knowledge and beliefs about @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity571 risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, to explore the extent to which information about these risks is provided by health professionals, and to examine associations among @entity1 characteristics, knowledge, and risk beliefs and health professional advice. METHODS: A custom-designed survey was conducted in Australian and American adults who sustained an @entity130 , with or without reconstruction, 1-5 years prior. The survey comprised 3 sections: @entity1 characteristics, knowledge about @entity571 and @entity571 risk, and health professional advice. RESULTS: Complete data sets from 233 eligible respondents were analyzed. Most (70%, n   =   164) rated themselves as being at greater risk of @entity571 than their healthy peers, although only 56% (n   =   130) were able to identify the correct @entity571 definition. While most agreed that ACL (73%, n   =   168) and/or @entity130 (n   =   181, 78%) increase the risk of @entity571 , 65% (n   =   152) believed that ACL reconstruction reduced the risk of @entity571 , or they did not know. A total of 27% (n   =   62) recalled discussing their @entity571 risk with a health professional. @entity1 who were female, younger, or had a lower body mass index or higher physical activity level were more likely to recognize meniscal tears and meniscectomy as risk factors of @entity571 . A history of professional advice was associated with beliefs about increased @entity571 risks. CONCLUSION: @entity1 sustaining an @entity130 require better education from health professionals about @entity571 as a disease entity and their elevated risk of @entity571 , irrespective of whether or not they undergo surgical reconstruction.

title: @entity1 Knowledge and Beliefs About Knee Osteoarthritis After XXXX and Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injuries', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High amplification of epiregulin ( @entity32031 ) and amphireglin (AREG) in @entity5 tissues has been previously reported to be associated with better outcome in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) @entity1 who were treated with anti- @entity470 antibodies. Here we investigated associations between the expression of other candidate prognostic biomarkers and outcome in mCRC @entity1 receiving similar treatment. METHODS: The relative mRNA levels of seven genes including @entity1722 , MET, @entity7 , @entity32031 , AREG, @entity983 and @entity11833 between @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) tissue sections were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Relative mRNA values, that is, @entity5 / @entity5 ratios, of target genes were calculated and hazard ratios (HRs) for each gene of interest were adjusted for age, gender, performance status, minor RAS mutations and other clinicopathological variables which exhibited P-values<0.1 on the basis of univariate analysis. RESULTS: Among 108 cases who received anti- @entity470 antibodies, there were 96 cases of @entity984 exon2 wild-type @entity1 enroled in this study. When the cutoff values for relative mRNA levels were set to the upper 25th percentile of all @entity1 , there were statistically significant differences in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the @entity1 with high and low levels of @entity32031 (HR: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.136-0.772, P=0.011), @entity1722 (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.084-1.652, P=0.040), MET (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.356-5.463, P=0.026), and @entity7 (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.036-1.606, P=0.046). In addition, @entity1 with high @entity1722 had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) compared with low @entity1722 (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.062-3.850). There were no significant differences in PFS and @entity1349 with respect to relative expression levels of @entity983 and @entity11833 . The prognostic role of AREG was evaluated in only @entity5 sections, as the mRNA expression level of this gene was mostly (91% cases) undetectable in @entity5 sections. @entity1 with high AREG had longer @entity1349 compared with low AREG (HR: 0.227, 95% CI: 0.095-0.808). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown that higher @entity5 / @entity5 ratios of @entity1722 , MET and @entity7 mRNA were associated with worse @entity1349 in mCRC @entity1 treated with anti- @entity470 antibodies, with higher @entity32031 and AREG were associated with better prognosis in the same setting. These findings will contribute the further understanding and management of anti- @entity470 antibody treatment in mCRC @entity1 .British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 22 March 2016; doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.74 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Prognostic role of @entity1722 , MET and @entity7 expression in metastatic @entity14 XXXX treated with anti- @entity470 antibodies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumour', 'NT', 'T', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The enhancer region of Akv @entity19 @entity1778 virus contains the sequence motif ACAGATGG. This sequence is homologous to the E-box motif originally defined as a regulatory element in the enhancers of immunoglobulin mu and kappa genes. We have used double-stranded oligonucleotide probes, corresponding to the E box of the @entity19 @entity1778 virus Akv, to screen a randomly primed lambda gt11 cDNA expression library made from @entity19 NIH 3T3 fibroblast RNA. We have identified seven lambda clones expressing DNA-binding proteins representing two different genes termed @entity34160 and @entity34424 . The results of sequencing @entity34424 cDNA suggests that we have recovered the gene for the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor A1, the @entity19 analog of the @entity1 transcription factor @entity11260 . The cDNA sequence of @entity34160 codes for a new member of the basic-helix-loop-helix protein family. Two splice variants of @entity34160 cDNA have been found, differing by a 72-bp insertion, coding for putative proteins of 682 and 706 @entity1522 . The two @entity34160 mRNAs are expressed at various levels in @entity19 tissues. In vitro DNA binding assays, using prokaryotically expressed @entity34160 proteins, demonstrated specific binding of the @entity34160 proteins to the Akv @entity19 @entity1778 virus E-box motif ACAGATGG. Expression in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts of @entity34425 - @entity34160 chimeric protein stimulated expression from a minimal promoter linked to a @entity34425 binding site, indicating the existence of a transcriptional activator domain in @entity34160 .

title: @entity19 helix-loop-helix transcriptional activator proteins binding to the E-box motif of the Akv @entity19 XXXX virus enhancer identified by cDNA cloning.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies showed that @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), an inflammatory marker, was associated with @entity64 severity and long-term outcome. However, the relationship between the acute-phase @entity1851 level and discharge outcome has received little attention. We prospectively studied 301 @entity1 with acute @entity385 (over a period of two weeks) from two @entity64 wards and one rehabilitation department in Henan, China. @entity1 ' demographic and clinical data were collected and evaluated at admission. Poor discharge outcome was assessed in @entity1 at discharge using the Modified Rankin Scale ( @entity31564 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of poor discharge outcome after adjusting for potential confounders. Poor discharge outcome was observed in 78 @entity1 (25.9%). Univariate analyses showed that factors significantly influencing poor discharge outcome were age, residence, recurrent acute @entity385 , @entity301 , the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, @entity64 , time from onset of @entity64 to admission, @entity1851 , TBIL (total @entity648 ), direct @entity648 (DBIL), @entity2313 ( @entity2313 ), @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and D-dimer (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, residence, recurrent @entity385 , @entity301 , NIHSS score at admission, @entity64 , time from onset of @entity64 to admission, @entity1851 , TBIL, DBIL, @entity2313 , @entity2002 and D-dimer, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that poor outcome at discharge was associated with recurrent acute @entity385 (OR, 2.115; 95% CI, 1.094-4.087), @entity64 (OR, 2.943; 95% CI, 1.436-6.032), DBIL (OR, 1.795; 95% CI, 1.311-2.458), and @entity1851 (OR, 4.890; 95% CI, 3.063-7.808). In conclusion, the @entity1851 level measured at admission was found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome at discharge. Recurrent acute @entity385 , @entity64 and DBIL were also significantly associated with discharge outcome in acute @entity385 .

title: The Relationship between @entity1851 Level and Discharge Outcome in XXXX with Acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'non-lacunar stroke', 'Stroke', 'hospital stroke']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The tissue derivation of mucinous @entity43 remains a mystery; however, rare @entity5 are associated with mature @entity44 . Two decades ago, studies of chromosomal heteromorphisms and DNA polymorphisms proved that @entity43 arise during female gametogenesis. We sought to exploit the relationship between @entity189 and associated @entity44 to provide molecular evidence for tissue of origin. Seventeen cases of mucinous @entity43 were studied, 6 of which had associated mature @entity44 . DNA was extracted from the @entity189 , @entity44 , and normal dissected tissue from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to allelotype each sample. Alleles from the @entity44 and @entity189 were scored as homozygous (1 allele present in the @entity5 when normal tissue was heterozygous), heterozygous (2 alleles present matching normal tissue), or noninformative (normal tissue was homozygous). Of the 6 @entity189 / @entity44 pairs, 2 showed complete matching homozygosity for informative markers (isodisomy), whereas 2 showed matching heterozygosity. One case did not have the corresponding @entity44 available for comparison but demonstrated complete homozygosity and was presumed to be isodisomic. The remaining case had a @entity44 homozygous for 7 of 10 informative markers, whereas the matching @entity189 was homozygous for only 2 of these markers. @entity189 without associated @entity44 demonstrated variable zygosity. Microsatellite polymorphism analysis demonstrates that mucinous @entity43 usually clonally match associated @entity44 when present and often show evidence of complete isodisomy, indicating that at least some @entity189 arise from female gametes and thus are of germ cell origin. The zygosity patterns in @entity189 without @entity44 suggest that these @entity5 may arise through a different mechanism.

title: Matching @entity189 and associated XXXX provides evidence of germ cell derivation for some mucinous @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian teratomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'mucinous carcinomas', 'Carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian teratomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33 , a common side effect of chemotherapy, is characterized by compromised digestive function, barrier integrity and immune competence. AIMS: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a specifically designed diet @entity17830 ( @entity17830 ), which contains whey proteins, @entity1810 -rich casein, and free @entity1160 , on @entity33 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity33 was induced by three consecutive injections (day 0, day 1, day 2) of @entity1499 (2.5 mg/kg). @entity35 had free access to @entity17830 or placebo diets from days -7 to 9. In the placebo diet, whey proteins and @entity1810 -rich casein were replaced by @entity1810 -free casein and @entity1160 by @entity493 . Intestinal parameters were assessed at day 3 and 9. Values, expressed as mean +/- SEM, were compared using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: At day 3, villus height was markedly decreased in the placebo (296 +/- 11 microm) and @entity17830 groups (360 +/- 10 microm) compared with controls (464 +/- 27 microm), but more markedly in the placebo as compared to @entity17830 group. The intestinal damage score was also reduced in the @entity17830 compared with the placebo group. @entity2041 content increased in the @entity17830 compared with the placebo group (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 micromol/g tissue). Gut protein metabolism was more affected in the placebo than in the @entity17830 group. The fractional synthesis rate was decreased in the placebo group (93.8 +/- 4.9%/day) compared with controls (121.5 +/- 12.1, P < 0.05), but not in the @entity17830 group (106.0 +/- 13.1). In addition, at day 9, @entity35 exhibited improved body weight and food intake recovery in the @entity17830 compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17830 feeding reduces intestinal injury in the acute phase of @entity1499 -induced @entity33 in @entity35 and improves recovery.

title: A diet containing whey protein, @entity1160 , and XXXX modulates gut protein metabolism during chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['Clinutren Protect', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGFbeta']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse how changes in housework over the course of adulthood are related to somatic health in Swedish @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Data were drawn from 2 waves of the Northern Swedish Cohort Study, response rate 94.3%, N=1,001. A subsample of cohabiting individuals was selected (n=328 @entity1 , 300 @entity1 ). Outcome variable was @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) at age 42. Associations were assessed in multivariate general linear models with adjustment for confounders and somatic health at age 30. RESULTS: Housework is primarily performed by @entity1 , and @entity1 's responsibility for and performance of housework increased from ages 30 to 42. These changes were associated with elevated levels of @entity2531 at age 42 in @entity1 . @entity1 reported considerably lower responsibility for and performed less housework compared with @entity1 , the load of housework for @entity1 does not change substantially from ages 30 to 42 and no associations with @entity2531 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The gendered division of housework means that @entity1 are particularly exposed to a heavy workload. @entity1 's responsibility for and performance of housework increase between ages 30 and 42 and this threatens to be embodied in the form @entity2531 . We conclude that housework should be considered an important source of stress in addition to that from waged work and that a deeper understanding of the links between housework and health requires a gender theoretical analysis.

title: Changing housework, changing health? A longitudinal analysis of how changes in housework are associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['FSS', 'functional somatic symptoms']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['functional somatic symptoms']


abstract: The mitochondrial genome of @entity2060 , a unicellular green alga, is a linear 15.8 kilobase pair (kbp) molecule. In gene arrangement and mode of expression, as well as in size, it differs radically from the large (200-2400 kbp) mitochondrial genomes of higher plants. Heterologous hybridization experiments and @entity377 sequence analysis have revealed that @entity2060 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a compactly organized genome specifying at least eight proteins, a minimum of three transfer RNAs, and large subunit (LS) and @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) ribosomal RNAs. Both strands of the mtDNA encode genetic information, with genes organized into perhaps a single transcriptional unit on each strand. Stable transcripts have been identified by Northern hybridization analysis, and transcript termini have been mapped by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection experiments. The results suggest that mature RNAs, which virtually saturate the genome, are generated by precise endonucleolytic cleavage of long precursors, with specific motifs (both primary sequence and secondary structure) implicated as processing signals. Codon usage in @entity2060 mitochondria is highly biased, with eight codons entirely absent from all protein-coding genes; however, even though codon usage is restricted, it appears that @entity2060 mtDNA cannot encode the minimum number of tRNAs needed to support mitochondrial protein synthesis. The most striking feature of @entity2060 mtDNA is the division of @entity4153 and LS rRNA genes into a number of separate subgenic coding segments ('modules') that are interspersed with one another and with protein-coding and tRNA genes. We have identified abundant small RNAs, transcribed from these modules, that approximate to the latter in size. This indicates that splicing of rRNA 'pieces' does not occur in this system. Rather, the mature rRNAs apparently exist and function as non-covalent complexes of small RNAs (four in @entity4153 rRNA, at least eight in LS rRNA), held together by intermolecular base pairing. These complexes contain all the conserved elements of the minimal secondary structures that define the functional core of conventional LS and @entity4153 rRNAs.

title: Organization and expression of algal ( XXXX ) mitochondrial DNA.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'small subunit']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['C. reinhardtii', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: Primary @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) of the salivary glands are rare. Most reported @entity3270 in that region are @entity4153 with few cases of large cell @entity189 and @entity5 . Only two moderately differentiated @entity3270 ( @entity4303 tumors) have been previously reported. In the current series, the authors report three additional moderately differentiated @entity3270 ( @entity4303 tumors) of the parotid gland; two occurred in @entity1 and one in a @entity1 . All @entity1 were initially treated with parotidectomy, with selective lymph node excision in one, and radiation therapy in another. Follow-up was available for two cases (18 and 79 months). One @entity1 had two local recurrences, developing lymph node and liver metastases requiring further surgery and chemotherapy. Currently, she is alive with disease, on supportive care. The second @entity1 is alive with no signs of recurrence. @entity1 ' work-up excluded the possibility of metastatic @entity3270 to the salivary glands in all cases. Histologically, the @entity5 demonstrated infiltrating nests, cords and trabeculae of round, oval to spindle shaped cells with moderate to focally abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, small to prominent nucleoli and chromatin stippling. Scattered rosette-like structures were prominent in one @entity5 . The highest mitotic counts for the three @entity5 ranged from 5 to 8 mitotic figures/10 hpfs. Necrosis, focal but distinct, was noted in two @entity5 , @entity1350 in two @entity5 and perineural invasion in one @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining was diagnostic of @entity3270 , showing uniform positive labeling with broad-spectrum cytokeratin (with a paranuclear punctuate pattern in one case), chromogranin and @entity5473 antibodies. @entity2225 was negative in two @entity5 and stained rare cells (<1%) in the third.

title: @entity3270 ( XXXX ) of the parotid gland: report of three cases with contemporary review of @entity3270 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'typical carcinoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NECs', 'neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'neuroendocrine carcinomas']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['atypical carcinoid']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence of rare disorders involving imprinted genes among @entity1 conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART), suggesting that ART procedures may be disruptive to imprinted gene methylation patterns. We examined intra- and inter-individual variation in DNA methylation at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the @entity5100 / @entity9037 and @entity13208 loci in a population of @entity1 conceived in vitro or in vivo. We found substantial variation in allele-specific methylation at both loci in both groups. Aberrant methylation of the maternal @entity5100 / @entity9037 DMR was more common in the in vitro group, and the overall variance was also significantly greater in the in vitro group. We estimated the number of trophoblast stem cells in each group based on approximation of the variance of the binomial distribution of @entity5100 / @entity9037 methylation ratios, as well as the distribution of X chromosome inactivation scores in placenta. Both of these independent measures indicated that placentas of the in vitro group were derived from fewer stem cells than the in vivo conceived group. Both @entity5100 and @entity9037 mRNAs were significantly lower in placenta from the in vitro group. Although average birth weight was lower in the in vitro group, we found no correlation between birth weight and @entity5100 or @entity13208 transcript levels or the ratio of @entity5100 / @entity13208 transcript levels. Our results show that in vitro conception is associated with aberrant methylation patterns at the @entity5100 / @entity9037 locus. However, very little of the inter- or intra-individual variation in @entity9037 or @entity5100 mRNA levels can be explained by differences in maternal DMR DNA methylation, in contrast to the expectations of current transcriptional imprinting models. Extraembryonic tissues of embryos cultured in vitro appear to be derived from fewer trophoblast stem cells. It is possible that this developmental difference has an effect on placental and fetal growth.

title: Inter- and intra-individual variation in allele-specific DNA methylation and gene expression in XXXX conceived using assisted reproductive technology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3580 are rare malignant @entity3478 of the skull base or sacrococcygeal region. They derive from notochordal remnants and usually have a chronic progressive course. Even rarer, intradural @entity3580 with a better biological behavior have also been reported. We present 3 further primary intradural extraosseous @entity3580 with a favorable clinical outcome. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two @entity1 , a 38-year-old @entity1 and a 44-year-old @entity1 , presented with @entity4048 . In these, intradural extraspinal @entity5 within intervertebral foramina were found. Both @entity5 were totally removed and the @entity1 have been free of disease for 7 years and 1 year, respectively. The other @entity1 , a 76-year-old @entity1 suffered from an unspecific @entity426 and @entity892 as a result of a prepontine space-occupying lesion. In this case, only an incomplete @entity5 resection was possible but progression has not occurred for 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity982 blocks from all cases were examined with classical histopathological stainings and immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin, @entity5822 , @entity10585 /18, @entity4166 , EMA, @entity478 , @entity2277 , @entity4483 , aktin, @entity2283 , @entity538 , @entity2467 , PDGF-receptor alpha and beta, collagen-type-IV, @entity4206 , and Ki67. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to exclude @entity12726 translocation. RESULTS: All cases showed the typical histological picture with physaliphorous cells in a myxoid matrix and the characteristic immunohistochemical profile with positivity for @entity2277 , pancytokeratin, @entity4166 , EMA, and @entity4483 . Staining for @entity4206 and type IV collagen was consistently negative. @entity3293 was excluded by in-situ-hybridization of the @entity12726 gene. CONCLUSION: Considering our cases in context with so far published literature, we conclude that intradural @entity3580 are rare and in this location usually have a better prognosis compared to classical intraosseous @entity3580 .

title: Primary intradural XXXX : report on three cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['Myxoid extraskeletal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'Chordomas']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorder']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: Unilateral stereotaxic injection of 10 nmol of the glutamomimetic substance, @entity4176 , into the @entity35 striatum caused permanent, significant decreases in the levels of @entity2227 (40--50%), @entity492 (35--40%), @entity2226 (20--30%) and @entity1246 (60--70%). There were initial, transient decreases in @entity563 , @entity2228 and @entity493 which returned to normal values within 16--32 days after injection. @entity1160 levels were not altered in lesioned striatum. This coincided with a 55% increase in @entity1160 synthetase activity in the lesioned striatum compared either to the non-injected striatum or controls injected with saline. The high affinity uptake of @entity1877 by synaptosomal preparations of lesioned striatum was decreased by 70% compared to controls whereas that of @entity2227 / @entity492 was either unchanged or somewhat on a per mg protein basis. This latter point may be illusory in that, because of widespread neuronal destruction, the total 'synaptosomal' protein obtained from the lesioned striata was only about 50% that from control tissue. The biochemical data are consistent with the histological and behavioral effects of @entity4176 administration. The unchaning @entity1160 levels and increase in @entity1160 synthetase activity are consistent with the @entity5219 and the lack of change in @entity2227 / @entity492 high affinity uptake is consistent with a sparing of afferent terminals. The large decrease in @entity2227 and @entity492 is consistent with hypotheses concerning the intraneuronal localization of a major pool of these @entity1522 , especially in GABAergic neurons. The decrease in @entity2226 suggests that a portion of this @entity535 in striatum is probably associated with neurons destroyed by @entity4176 . The bulk of the @entity2226 , however, is therefore associated either with glial cells or the afferents to the striatum.

title: XXXX in @entity35 neostriatum: alteration by @entity4176 lesion.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['widespread gliosis']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['Amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are a major recurrent problem for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) patients. Repeated antibiotic treatments contribute to the emergence of @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ). We evaluated the use of weekly oral cycling antibiotics (WOCA) in the prevention of @entity293 over a mean follow-up period of 53  months (median follow-up period: 57  months) and analyzed the risk of @entity6371 emergence. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult @entity1566 @entity1 with @entity1494 who were receiving the WOCA regimen. RESULTS: We included 50 @entity1 , mainly @entity1 (60%), with a mean age of 51  13.5 years. Overall, 66% of @entity1 had been paraplegic or tetraplegic for 19.4  14.3 years; 92% underwent intermittent catheterization; and 36% had no postvoid residual. The number of febrile and non-febrile @entity293 significantly reduced after WOCA initiation (9.45 non-febrile @entity293 before WOCA initiation vs. 1.57 after; 2.25 febrile @entity293 before WOCA initiation vs. 0.18 after; P=0.0001). Only one adverse event was reported during the follow-up period. The number of @entity6371 -colonized @entity1 decreased from 9/50 to 4/50 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: WOCA is an effective and safe strategy to prevent @entity293 in @entity1566 @entity1 with @entity1494 . WOCA does not lead to the emergence of @entity6371 resistance and even seems to reduce @entity6371 carriage.

title: Prevention of urinary tract infections by antibiotic cycling in XXXX @entity1 and low emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug-resistant bacteria', 'MDRB']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']