abstract: It has recently been reported that @entity1286 given in low doses intra-articularly can produce significant @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic knee joint surgery. Data are lacking on the effect of other opioids using a local approach for drug delivery. We studied the analgesic effect of intra-articular opioids in 70 @entity1 , divided into 7 groups, subjected to arthroscopic knee surgery in general anesthesia. The dimension of the study was based on a power of 0.8 to detect a 25% difference in @entity158 intensity between those receiving opioids locally versus systemically (alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20). Following surgery, but before terminating anesthesia, the @entity1 received one of the following combinations: 1 mg @entity1286 intra-articularly (i.art.) + saline intramuscularly (i.m.), 10 mg @entity6882 i.art + saline i.m., or 10 micrograms @entity3575 i.art + saline i.m. In three additional groups the three opioids were given i.m. and saline given i.art. An additional control group received saline i.art. + i.m. We did not find any significant difference between the groups considering @entity282 intensity, need for analgesics or considering time to standing/walking or to discharge, analysing each opioid independently. There was, however, a tendency for @entity6882 i.art. to produce the @entity158 scores both at rest and during movement (P = 0.06). If analysing the results with regards to if opioids were given intra-articularly or systemically, not considering the type of opioid given, we did however, find a significantly lower total sum of @entity158 scores at movement following local administration (P < 0.05). No specific side-effects were detected. We conclude that @entity6882 given intra-articularly merits further investigation with respect to postoperative @entity1337 following the activation of peripheral opioid mechanisms.

title: @entity1337 following arthroscopy--a comparison of intra-articular @entity1286 , XXXX and @entity3575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lowest pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['pethidine']


abstract: The study of @entity32503 -resistant mutants of the protozoan parasite @entity3667 has provided useful information about genetic processes such as gene amplification and mutation and knowledge of the unique features of the @entity24266 metabolic pathway in this primitive eukaryote. The novel bifunctional @entity9796 reductase-thymidylate synthase ( @entity12838 - @entity1950 ) is an essential enzyme, yet most @entity12838 - @entity1950 inhibitors show little promise as potential drugs. @entity3667 possess a novel alternative @entity24266 reductase (PTR1) which is relatively insensitive to @entity1499 . We have proposed that the ability of PTR1 to serve as a metabolic bypass and thus modulate drug inhibition of @entity12838 - @entity1950 activity may be responsible for the poor efficacy of many antifolates. In this work, we have sought inhibitors of @entity3667 PTR1 from a collection of 74 compounds. The most potent inhibitors were also tested against @entity3667 @entity12838 - @entity1950 and @entity1 @entity12838 and several compounds showing good activity for PTR1 alone, or for all three reductases, were identified. The activity of these compounds was tested against wild-type promastigotes, and those which were potent inhibitors of both PTR1 and @entity12838 - @entity1950 (but not those active against only PTR1) showed good potencies. Growth inhibition tests of @entity3667 mutants, lacking PTR1 or @entity12838 - @entity1950 (ptr1(-) and @entity12838 -ts- knockouts) or overexpressing PTR1, were used as a "genetic screen" to assess whether these two @entity24266 reductases were targets in vivo. Remarkably, only one compound showed a @entity1499 -like pattern of inhibition. Six compounds showed good inhibition of @entity3667 growth regardless of PTR1 or @entity12838 - @entity1950 levels. These findings suggest that @entity3667 cells contain multiple targets for a diverse set of antifolates, with one or more significant targets in addition to @entity12838 - @entity1950 and PTR1. This emphasizes the necessity of combined biochemical and genetic screens in efforts to rationally design chemotherapeutic strategies in @entity3667 . Copyright 1997 @entity4207 . Copyright 1997 @entity4207

title: Biochemical and Genetic Tests for Inhibitors of @entity3667 XXXX Pathways

entities_list: @entity32503 :: ('CHEBI:73913', 'Chemical') :: ['antifolate']

entities_list: @entity24266 :: ('CHEBI:27601', 'Chemical') :: ['pteridine']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Press']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity24266 :: (CHEBI:27601,Chemical) :: ['Pteridine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess treatment-related @entity2590 / @entity1778 (t-AML) in @entity521 @entity1 by a review of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) data and the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 380 previously untreated and treated MSKCC @entity1 . Low-risk @entity1 received no cytotoxic therapy. High-risk @entity1 received the N4, N5, or N6 regimens. Dosing per cycle and cumulative dosing of leukemogenic agents peaked with N6, which included four cycles of @entity786 4,200 mg/m2 and @entity632 75 mg/m2, plus three cycles of @entity900 200 mg/m2 and @entity2879 600 mg/m2. We reviewed the literature. RESULTS: t-AML occurred in six MSKCC @entity1 , which included three of 53 @entity1 in whom the only chemotherapy consisted of N6, and three @entity1 treated for relapsed or refractory @entity521 ; no case of @entity1778 emerged among the 50 low-risk @entity1 . Four cases were found incidentally in routine follow-up bone marrow tests. The 36-month cumulative incidence of t-AML in the N6 cohort was 7% (95% confidence interval, 0 to 15). Published data parallel the MSKCC experience in that t-AML after @entity521 was once rare but has become less so since the mid-1980s, when the intensified use of topoisomerase-II inhibitors and alkylators first gained wide acceptance and produced better response rates and longer survival. CONCLUSION: @entity521 itself is not associated with a host susceptibility to @entity1778 . However, current @entity521 treatment programs that use high-dose @entity786 , @entity900 , and topoisomerase-II inhibitors may entail a considerable risk for t-AML. The incidence of t-AML in @entity521 @entity1 may be underestimated because treatment and clinical factors can mask its presence. Efforts to devise effective but less leukemogenic treatment for @entity521 or to truncate leukemogenic therapy, eg, by exploiting molecular techniques for the early identification of complete remission, are warranted.

title: XXXX and treatment-related @entity2590 / @entity1778 : the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: Neutrophils cause @entity651 by releasing proteases and active @entity26 radicals in @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Artificial surfactant is used to replace native surfactant whose functions are deteriorated by serum-derived inhibitors in these @entity1 . We investigated potential interactions between exogenous surfactant (Surfactant TA) and neutrophils in in vivo and in vitro experimental models. @entity3794 was induced in hamster lungs by the intratracheal administration of @entity1732 (5 mg/kg) on Day 0. Some of the animals were followed by replacement with Surfactant TA (5 and 10 mg/100 g body weight) on Day 1. Alveolar cells were harvested by lung lavage on Day 2. The numbers of the neutrophils obtained from the lungs treated with @entity1732 and Surfactant TA were unchanged, but the @entity224 production from these cells was significantly decreased when compared with control animals (no Surfactant TA). From the in vitro experiments, Surfactant TA was shown to inhibit adherence and @entity224 production of @entity1 neutrophils. These effects were derived from the heat-resistant components of Surfactant TA and were mimicked by treatment with liposomes of @entity4747 . Surfactant-TA-treated neutrophils were demonstrated to have picnotic nuclei and to express Fas antigens, which were characteristic of apoptotic cells. These results suggest that exogenous Surfactant TA may play an important role not only in improving surfactant functions but in preventing neutrophils from further activation, probably through enhancing apoptosis.

title: Artificial surfactant (Surfactant TA) modulates adherence and XXXX production of neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Neutrophil alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injuries']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: @entity472 has been modelled in an in vitro, pulsatile @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) using a porcine valvular prosthesis, and studied with a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA). The @entity1457 incorporated an acrylic model of the @entity1 aorta made from a cadaveric casting in situ. A Carpentier-Edwards aortic valve prosthesis was placed in the @entity1457 after being rendered stenotic by suturing of the valve cusps. Flow velocity profiles across the lumen of the aorta in the presence of @entity472 were determined using LDA at two preselected sites in the ascending aorta, and at one preselected site in the brachiocephalic artery. Results indicate that a strong systolic jet bordered by transient vortices with intensely reversed flows is produced distal to severely stenotic aortic valves, becoming less intense with a lesser degree of @entity850 . Peak fluid velocities in the systolic jet were determined by LDA at distances of 2.6 and 5.6 cm from the valve inlet for a mean flow rate of 5.2 l @entity1009 . Peak systolic pressure gradients and peak turbulent axial stresses were also determined and found to increase dramatically with @entity850 . Furthermore, increasing degrees of @entity850 also resulted in more severely disturbed flows in the brachiocephalic artery. Peak fluid velocities and their associated turbulent axial stresses in the systolic jets produced by @entity340 are remarkably sensitive to even small changes in the calculated valve orifice areas, and can therefore be very useful in assessing the severity and progression of @entity340 . In addition, increasing degrees of @entity472 cause more turbulence to be transported into the brachiocephalic artery.

title: Experimental fluid dynamics of XXXX in a model of the @entity1 aorta.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valvular stenosis', 'valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['mock circulatory system', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a common adjuvant therapy for hormonally active @entity977 when surgical resection fails to control @entity5 growth or normalize hypersecretory activity. Marginal doses of 20-24 Gy are used at many centers and here we report our outcome data in @entity1 treated with a higher marginal dose of 35 Gy. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity977 ( @entity4545 , n = 15; @entity2124 , n = 13; prolactin, n = 2; thyroid-stimulating hormone, n = 1) were treated with 35 Gy to the 50% isodose line, and had a mean follow-up time of 40.2 months (range = 12-96). All @entity1 were evaluated post-SRS for time to hormonal normalization, time to relapse, as well as incidence and time course of radiation-induced @entity4614 and @entity129 . RESULTS: Initial normalization of hypersecretion was achieved in 22 @entity1 (70%) with a median time to remission of 17.7 months. After initial hormonal remission, 7 @entity1 (32%) experienced an endocrine relapse, with a mean time to relapse of 21 months. New endocrine deficiency within any of the five major hormonal axes occurred in 10 @entity1 (32%). One @entity1 (3%) developed new-onset unilateral optic nerve pallor within the temporal field 3 years after SRS. Three @entity1 (10%) reported transient new or increasing frontal headaches of unclear etiology following their procedures. CONCLUSION: Time to endocrine remission was more rapid in @entity1 treated with 35 Gy, as compared to previously reported literature using marginal doses of 20-24 Gy. Rates of endocrine remission and relapse, @entity4614 , and radiation-induced sequelae were not increased following higher dose treatment.

title: Efficacy and safety of higher dose stereotactic radiosurgery for functional XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'post-SRS hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'secretory pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: In this work the development of a method to determine @entity30324 ( @entity24868 ) in fresh whole egg and in whole egg and egg white powders as those used in the food industry, by using LC- @entity15 / @entity15 is described. The method is based on a recently validated one for the determination of SEM in baby food. SEM is extracted from egg with 0.2 mol L(-1) @entity5836 and derivatised with @entity55954 . The extract is neutralised and purified by passing through a solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The @entity55954 derivative is eluted with @entity1046 . The eluate is evaporated to dryness and the residue re-dissolved in @entity1042 :water mobile phase. SEM is determined by reversed-phase LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . The "in-house" validation of this method has been performed taking into account the "Harmonized guidelines for single-laboratory validation of methods of analysis" (IUPAC Technical report) and the Commission Decision (2002/657/EC). The performance characteristics of the method were established by in-house validation procedures employing assays with standard solutions, sample blanks and spiked samples. Linearity, matrix effect, trueness, precision, selectivity, limits of detection and of quantification were determined. The fitness for purpose of this method was assessed based on its performance characteristics. LOD's of 0.15 and 0.4 microg kg(-1) for whole fresh egg and industrial egg powders, respectively, were obtained. The LOQ for fresh whole egg was 0.2 microg kg(-1) and for industrial egg powders 0.8 microg kg(-1). Linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges 1-100 and 0.8-400 microg kg(-1) for fresh whole egg and the egg powders, respectively.

title: Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of XXXX in fresh egg and in egg powder based on the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity55954 :: ('MESH:C043850', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitrobenzaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity30324 :: ('MESH:C010059', 'Chemical') :: ['semicarbazide']

answer: @entity30324 :: (MESH:C010059,Chemical) :: ['semicarbazide']


abstract: We investigated whether the putative @entity1093 -adrenoceptors mediated metabolic responses to @entity3044 . Seven normal volunteers received infusions of @entity3044 , a ( @entity10483 , @entity2263 -agonist), at 0.5-3.0 micrograms/min. They were pretreated with either placebo, 25 mg @entity2165 (a selective @entity10483 antagonist), or 5, 20 and 80 mg @entity5894 (which blocks @entity21277 but not @entity1093 -adrenoceptors). @entity3044 markedly (30.6%) increased basal metabolic rate (BMR): this increase was significantly reduced by 25 mg @entity2165 but not by 5 mg @entity5894 . Significant @entity2263 -blockade (from @entity400 data) occurred with 5 mg @entity5894 but not with 25 mg @entity2165 . This suggests that @entity10483 but not @entity2263 -adrenoceptors are involved in the mediating thermogenic effects of @entity3044 . However, the rise in BMR was not totally blocked even by 80 mg @entity5894 (9.5%), which produced complete @entity10483 blockade, as evidenced by the elimination of the chronotropic effect of @entity3044 . This implies that the thermogenic response has a non- @entity10483 / @entity2263 -mediated component. There were also significant increases in plasma free @entity1718 , @entity653 , @entity413 , insulin and @entity880 , but these were completely abolished by @entity10483 blockade. Overall, @entity3044 produced an increase in BMR which is only partly due to stimulation of @entity10483 -adrenoceptors, and which is not associated with @entity10483 / @entity2263 -mediated effects on @entity1735 and fat metabolism. This suggests the possibility of thermogenic @entity1093 -adrenoceptors in @entity1 , although their location and role remain unknown.

title: Do XXXX -adrenoceptors mediate metabolic responses to @entity3044 .

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1093 :: (1934,Gene) :: ['beta 3']


abstract: Prospective, randomized studies conducted over the past 10 years have changed the management of @entity1 with @entity5 . The reviewed studies evaluated the use of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy in @entity1 with various stages of cervical @entity189 in the absence and presence of high-risk factors for recurrence. A study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) compared pelvic with pelvic plus prophylactic para-aortic irradiation in @entity1 with stages IB (> 4 cm), IIA, and @entity5 . The 10-year survival advantage was 11% for @entity1 treated with prophylactic para-aortic irradiation. A follow-up study compared pelvic plus prophylactic para-aortic irradiation and brachytherapy with pelvic irradiation, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1487 in @entity1 with IB-to @entity5 . Overall and disease-free survivals were significantly improved in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. In @entity1 with a prevalence of stage IIB and III, the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) demonstrated that treatment with @entity1862 alone was inferior to @entity900 or @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity1862 in @entity1 treated concurrently with pelvic irradiation and brachytherapy, and the GOG adopted irradiation and weekly @entity900 as standard therapy. Further GOG studies suggest that irradiation and weekly @entity900 chemotherapy without hysterectomy is the optimal treatment for @entity1 with @entity5 . High-risk factors for recurrence include @entity5 size, depth of @entity5 invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node involvement. Prospective, randomized studies conducted by the GOG evaluated the effectiveness of various treatments in @entity1 with high-risk factors. In one study that did not use chemotherapy, the recurrence-free interval was about 10% better for stage IB @entity1 receiving postoperative irradiation after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy compared with those who received no further therapy. @entity1 with Stages IB and IIA disease who, following radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection, are identified as having positive pelvic lymph nodes and positive parametrial involvement, are at higher risk for recurrence and @entity204 than the high-risk group described above. An intergroup study conducted by the GOG, RTOG, and Southwest Oncology Group compared postoperative pelvic irradiation alone with postoperative pelvic irradiation plus concurrent chemotherapy in this group of @entity1 . Overall and progression-free survivals were superior for @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, and their greatest survival occurred in @entity1 who received 3 or 4 chemotherapy cycles compared with 1 or 2 cycles or no chemotherapy. These findings are summarized with respect to their implications fortreatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX : combined modality therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IB cervical cancer', 'tumor', 'advanced cervical cancer', 'IVA-stage cervical cancer', 'IIB cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy-urea', 'hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity54411 are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body but there is currently no information regarding the expression and distribution of the different @entity5483 isoforms in the kidney. Due to the known cross-reactivity of the antibodies presently available for detection of @entity54411 proteins, we measured the mRNA expression of @entity5483 in the @entity35 kidney in order to detect the kidney-specific @entity5483 isoforms. Thereafter, we determined the intrarenal distribution of the detected @entity5483 isoforms using immunohistochemistry. Thereafter, we compared the protein levels in control and @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 using Western blot. Expressions of the @entity5483 isoforms were also performed in brown adipose tissue and heart as positive controls for @entity54412 , respectively. @entity5484 mRNA was the only isoform detected in the kidney. @entity5484 protein expression in the kidney cortex was localized to proximal tubular cells, but not glomerulus or distal nephron. In the medulla, @entity5484 was localized to cells of the medullary thick ascending loop of Henle, but not to the vasculature or parts of the nephron located in the inner medulla. Western blot showed that @entity6 kidneys have about 2.5-fold higher @entity5484 levels compared to controls. In conclusion, @entity5484 is the only isoform detectable in the kidney and @entity5484 protein can be detected in proximal tubular cells and cells of the medullary thick ascending loop of Henle. Furthermore, @entity6 @entity35 have increased @entity5484 levels compared to controls, but the mechanisms underlying this increase and its consequences warrants further studies.

title: Identification and distribution of uncoupling protein isoforms in the normal and @entity6 XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the species of bats involved in maintaining the rabies cycle; to investigate the distribution of the @entity17839 in the tissues and organs of bats and the time taken for mortality among inoculated @entity19 . METHODS: From April 2002 to November 2003, bats from municipalities in the State of S  o Paulo were screened for the presence of the @entity17839 , by means of direct immunofluorescence. The virus distribution in the bats was evaluated by inoculating @entity19 and N2A cells with 20% suspensions prepared from fragments of different organs and tissues, plus the brain and salivary glands. The time taken for mortality among the @entity19 was monitored daily, following intracerebral inoculation. RESULTS: Out of the 4,395 bats received, 1.9% were found positive for the @entity17839 . They belonged to ten genera, with predominance of insectivores. The maximum mean times taken for mortality among the @entity19 following inoculation with brain and salivary gland material were 15.33+/-2.08 days and 11.33+/-2.30 days for vampire bats, 16.45+/-4.48 days and 18.91+/-6.12 days for insectivorous bats, and 12.60+/-2.13 days and 15.67+/-4.82 days for frugivorous bats, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The species infected with the @entity17839 were: @entity21902 , Artibeus sp., Myotis nigricans, Myotis sp., Eptesicus sp., Lasiurus ega, Lasiurus cinereus, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Histiotus velatus, Molossus rufus, Eumops sp. and Desmodus rotundus. Virus investigation in the different tissues and organs showed that the brain and salivary glands were the most suitable sites for virus isolation.

title: [ XXXX in naturally infected bats in the State of S  o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil].

entities_list: @entity21902 :: ('27634', 'Species') :: ['Artibeus lituratus']

answer: @entity17839 :: (11292,Species) :: ['Rabies virus']


abstract: @entity35 were exposed to a polydispersed aerosol of 0.1 per cent @entity10278 in physiologic saline for a single period of 2 hours, and the evolution of damage was followed for a 10-day period. Control animals were unexposed @entity35 and @entity35 exposed to an aerosol of physiologic saline. Wet lung weight doubled by the fourth day in animals exposed to @entity10278 , but not in the control groups. Apart from a transient increase in fluid content at 1 day, there was no evidence that the lung weight gain was due to @entity4 . Uptake of @entity665 markedly increased during the first four days after exposure to @entity10278 . Light autoradiography showed that @entity665 labeling occurred almost exclusively in @entity133 at 1 day: later, the label appeared in interstitial cells and cells lying free within alveoli. These changes correlated well (r=0.70) with the increase in @entity3141 on the fourth day after exposure. Uptake of @entity665 and @entity3141 content in @entity35 exposed to @entity10278 showed a significant difference from the control groups (P less than 0.001). These experiments demonstrate that exposure to @entity10278 aerosol evokes a wave of cellular proliferation in @entity35 lung. This finding is of interest, because heavy industrial exposure to @entity3409 in @entity1 is known to be associated with severe physiologic impairment and anatomic damage.

title: Cellular proliferation induced in the lung by XXXX aerosol.

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory edema']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Type II alveolar cells']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: Hormonal male contraception requires an induction phase before @entity3893 and contraceptive safety are achieved. The nature of spermatozoa that may be ejaculated during this induction phase was studied in a nonhuman primate. The GnRH antagonist @entity31806 was administered daily to five @entity5434 to induce testicular regression, and the vehicle was given to five control animals. Within 16 days, the antagonist reduced @entity3800 by 80% in the serum and by 50% in the epididymis. Sperm were obtained by mincing different epididymal regions and were examined for morphology (subjectively) and motility (objectively) after removal of the organs 16 and 25 days after continuous treatment. Spermatozoa entering the epididymis of monkeys undergoing regression differed from those of vehicle-treated controls in their greater susceptibility to disruption during preparation for morphological staining. The acquisition of motility by sperm in the epididymides attached to regressing testes occurred in the same epididymal region as controls but did not achieve the median velocities attained by sperm in controls during epididymal passage. Values for most sperm motion parameters developed as in the controls, and, during epididymal passage, sperm developed resistance to stresses encountered during preparation for morphological analysis. These observations suggest that spermatozoa ejaculated before spermatogenesis ceases may be potentially fertilizing because epididymal maturation continues in an @entity342 -deprived organ. From these preclinical studies, it can be concluded that in @entity1 , applying hormonal contraception precautions against pregnancy must be recommended before @entity3893 is induced, since the epididymis can partially compensate for poor-quality sperm produced by a regressing testis even when levels of circulating @entity3800 and tissue @entity3800 are low.

title: Effect of acute @entity342 withdrawal by GnRH antagonist on epididymal sperm motility and morphology in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity31806 :: ('MESH:C062876', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetrorelix']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkey']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a semi-intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation for @entity1 with @entity1643 in an outpatient setting. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Systematic reviews have shown that there is strong evidence that intensive multidisciplinary treatment (>100 hours), which includes functional restoration, improves function among chronic @entity1 with @entity1643 , and moderate evidence that it reduces @entity158 but contradictory evidence regarding improvement of working ability. However, there is paucity of data whether semi-intensive outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation in groups is more effective than individual physiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 @entity1 employed as healthcare and social care professionals with nonspecific @entity1643 were recruited from two occupational healthcare centers. The @entity1 were randomized into two intervention programs. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation (n = 59) was conducted in groups and comprised of physical training, workplace interventions, back school, relaxation training, and cognitive-behavioral stress management methods for 70 hours. The individual physiotherapy (n = 61) included physical exercise and passive treatment methods administered for 10 hours. Main outcome measures were: back @entity158 and sciatic @entity158 intensity, disability, sick leaves, healthcare consumption, symptoms of @entity308 , and beliefs of working ability after 2 years. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups in main outcome measures just after rehabilitation, at 6-, at 12-, or 24-month follow-up. In both intervention arms, however, the before-and-after comparison showed favorable effects, and the effects were still maintained at 2 years follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that semilight outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for female @entity1643 @entity1 does not offer incremental benefits when compared with rehabilitation carried out by a physiotherapist having a cognitive-behavioral way of administering the treatment.

title: Multidisciplinary group rehabilitation versus individual physiotherapy for chronic nonspecific XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in @entity1030 [ @entity1030 ] is mainly determined by @entity519 under @entity1576 by means of the functional hypoxemic vasoconstrictor response. Organic changes of vessels, @entity6980 , is gaining increasing relevance. An imbalance of endothelial products takes place with overload of vasoconstrictors and thrombogenic autacoids over vasodilators and anticoagulant factors. Among vasoconstrictors, endothelin is claimed to be an important factor. Our aim is to assess the effect of the anti-endothelin drug Bosentan on pulmonary hemodynamics and lung function in @entity1 affected by @entity1030 and @entity120 . METHODS: Bosentan was administered to 16 @entity1 for a period of 18 months, while another 16 @entity1 with overlapping features was used as a control group. Pulmonary function test, hemodynamics, effort performance, dyspnoea ratings and quality of life were recorded at the beginning and after 18 months under stable state. RESULTS: @entity12584 treatment resulted in a significant improvement of @entity120 from 37 + 5 to 31 + 6mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance from 442 + 192 to 392 + 180dynes cm(2) and 6MWD from 256 + 118 to 321 + 122m and BODE index from 6.6 + 2.8 to 5.5 + 3U. The effect was most striking in the 30% of @entity1 in GOLD stage III and IV. Most @entity1 in stage IV did not improve, but in all @entity1 the treatment stopped the progressive worsening of hemodynamics over time. The study also highlights the need to identify @entity1 with high pulmonary arterial pressure contrasting with moderate @entity1576 stages, in whom the predominant problem is evidently @entity455 . CONCLUSION: This preliminary report suggests that the use of Bosentan in the treatment of @entity120 in @entity1030 is beneficial.

title: Effect of @entity12584 upon @entity120 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate data for prevalence rates for @entity712 due to various causes, and for @entity1002 in all adults are unavailable. Our aim was to assess prevalence of @entity1002 and @entity712 in a large representative adult population in England. METHODS: Of 6286 randomly selected @entity1 aged 45 years and older, 3960 (63%) participated in the study. They came from 16 randomly selected general practices. We assessed @entity1 by history and examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Prevalence of @entity1002 (defined as ejection fraction <40%) and @entity712 was calculated for the overall population on the basis of strict criteria and, when necessary, adjudication by a panel. FINDINGS: @entity1002 was diagnosed in 72 (1.8% [95% CI 1.4-2.3]) @entity1 , half of whom had no symptoms. Borderline left-ventricular function (ejection fraction 40-50%) was seen in 139 @entity1 (3.5% [3.0-4.1]). @entity712 was seen in 92 (2.3%, [1.9-2.8]) and was associated with an ejection fraction of less than 40% in 38 (41%) @entity1 , @entity955 in 30 (33%), and @entity340 in 24 (26%). Probable @entity712 was seen in a further 32 (0.8% [0.6-1.1]) @entity1 . In total, 124 (3.1% [2.6-3.7]) @entity1 aged 45 years or older had definite or probable @entity712 . INTERPRETATION: @entity712 is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in primary care. Our results suggest that assessment of left-ventricular function in @entity1 with suspected @entity712 could lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity712 in the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening study: a population based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'Definite heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'Left-ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left-ventricular systolic dysfunction']


abstract: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) characterizes @entity74 that are accompanied by prolonged fevers of 101 degrees F or greater for 3 weeks or more that remain undiagnosed after comprehensive inpatient and outpatient diagnostic testing. At the present time, @entity5 are the most common cause of FUOs. Among malignant FUOs, @entity706 are the most common. We present the case of a non-Asian young adult @entity1 who presented with FUO. He had no peripheral adenopathy or @entity381 but was found to have anterior/superior mediastinal adenopathy and right paratracheal adenopathy. His diagnostic workup was negative for @entity4789 . Laboratory test results were unremarkable except for a highly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and highly elevated serum ferritin level. Otherwise unexplained highly elevated serum ferritin levels in @entity1 with FUOs suggest @entity4789 , for example, @entity1252 flare or @entity5 . The findings of mediastinal adenopathy combined with a highly elevated ESR and highly elevated serum ferritin levels indicate @entity706 as the most likely diagnosis. He also had @entity1581 on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). In a @entity1 with FUO, negative blood cultures, and a heart murmur, @entity1581 on SPEP suggests @entity4615 . Lymphomas are often associated with elevated alpha(1)/alpha(2) globulins on SPEP. Lymph node biopsy of the mediastinal nodes was negative for @entity706 but did not show characteristic emperiopolesis, pathognomonic of @entity9312 , a @entity1071 . @entity9312 usually presents with massive bilateral cervical adenopathy but may present with lymph node involvement in other sites, as in this case. In @entity1 with @entity3329 and a negative FUO workup, clinicians should consider the possibility of @entity9312 , particularly if accompanied by an otherwise unexplained highly elevated serum ferritin levels and @entity1581 on SPEP.

title: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) due to XXXX with mediastinal adenopathy mimicking @entity706 : diagnostic importance of elevated serum ferritin levels and @entity1581 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic and inflammatory disorders', 'rheumatic/inflammatory and infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity9312 :: ('MESH:D015618', 'Disease') :: ['Rosai-Dorfman disease']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['benign lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['febrile disorders']

answer: @entity9312 :: (MESH:D015618,Disease) :: ['Rosai-Dorfman disease']


abstract: AIM: To compare computed tomography enteroclysis (CTE) vs small intestine contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) for assessing small bowel lesions in @entity30 ( @entity30 ), when using surgical pathology as gold standard. METHODS: From January 2007 to July 2008, 15 eligible @entity1 undergoing elective resection of the distal ileum and coecum (or right colon) were prospectively enrolled. All @entity1 were under follow-up. The study population included 6 males and 9 females, with a median age of 44 years (range: 18-80 years). INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) certain diagnosis of small bowel requiring elective ileo-colonic resection; (2) age between 18-80 years; (3) elective surgery in our Surgical Unit; and (4) written informed consent. SICUS and CTE were performed  <= 3 mo before surgery, followed by surgical pathology. The following small bowel lesions were blindly reported by one sonologist, radiologist, surgeon and histolopathologist: disease site, extent, strictures, @entity733 , fistulae, small bowel dilation. Comparison between findings at SICUS, CTE, surgical specimens and histological examination was made by assessing the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of each technique, when using surgical findings as gold standard. RESULTS: Among the 15 @entity1 enrolled, CTE was not feasible in 2 @entity1 , due to urgent surgery in one @entity1 and to low compliance in the second @entity1 , refusing to perform CTE due to the discomfort related to the naso-jejunal tube. The analysis for comparing CTE vs SICUS findings was therefore performed in 13 out of the 15 @entity30 @entity1 enrolled. Differently from CTE, SICUS was feasible in all the 15 @entity1 enrolled. No complications were observed when using SICUS or CTE. Surgical pathology findings in the tested population included: small bowel stricture in 13 @entity1 , small bowel dilation above @entity850 in 10 @entity1 , abdominal @entity733 in 2 @entity1 , enteric fistulae in 5 @entity1 , lymphnodes enlargement (> 1 cm) in 7 @entity1 and mesenteric enlargement in 9 @entity1 . In order to compare findings by using SICUS, CTE, histology and surgery, characteristics of the small bowel lesions observed in @entity30 each @entity1 were blindly reported in the same form by one gastroenterologist-sonologist, radiologist, surgeon and anatomopathologist. At surgery, lesions related to @entity30 were detected in the distal ileum in all 13 @entity1 , also visualized by both SICUS and CTE in all 13 @entity1 . Ileal lesions > 10 cm length were detected at surgery in all the 13 @entity30 @entity1 , confirmed by SICUS and CTE in the same 12 out of the 13 @entity1 . When using surgical findings as a gold standard, SICUS and CTE showed the exactly same sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting the presence of small bowel fistulae (accuracy 77% for both) and @entity733 (accuracy 85% for both). In the tested @entity30 population, SICUS and CTE were also quite comparable in terms of accuracy for detecting the presence of small bowel strictures (92% vs 100%), small bowel fistulae (77% for both) and small bowel dilation (85% vs 82%). CONCLUSION: In our study population, CTE and the non-invasive and radiation-free SICUS showed a comparable high accuracy for assessing small bowel lesions in @entity30 .

title: Small intestine contrast ultrasonography vs computed tomography enteroclysis for assessing ileal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ileal stricture']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: AIM: To collate information on current British dietetic practice in the area of diet in secondary prevention of @entity583 , and to compare this with best evidence. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all Chief Dietitians, to be completed by the whole department, asking about current dietary advice and practice, referrals and written dietary information for @entity1 following @entity583 . RESULTS: Fifty-seven per cent of questionnaires were returned. Dietary fat advice was prioritized by 84% of departments, fruit and vegetables by 49%, oily fish by 45% and fibre by 28%. Most dietitians (81%) felt that this advice would protect from further @entity65 . Percentages of post- @entity583 @entity1 given advice by a dietitian varied (median 60%), reasons for non-referral included @entity1 having normal lipids or weight. More were given dietary advice by another health professional (median 90%); however, most dietitians were unsure about the quality of this advice. Diet sheets were felt to reflect advice priorities, but where sheets were sent they were much less likely than departments to prioritize oily fish or fruit and vegetable advice. CONCLUSION: Dietetic practice for @entity1 following @entity583 is out of line with current best evidence. Almost half of departments correctly prioritize oily fish advice, but often only see @entity1 with raised lipids or weight. This is not the most effective strategy for preventing @entity204 .

title: Survey of UK dietetic departments: diet in secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In this study, we assessed the changes in spontaneous activity and frequency tuning by simultaneous recording of multi-units and local field potentials in primary auditory cortex (AI), anterior auditory field (AAF) and secondary auditory cortex (AII) of @entity468 before and immediately after 30 min exposure to a loud (93 123 dB SPL) pure tone. The average difference of the pure tone and the @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was less than one octave for 70% of the recordings. We found that the mean threshold at @entity2198 increased significantly in AI and in AAF but not in AII. The mean @entity2198 for units in AI decreased significantly, whereas no significant effect was noted in AAF and AII. The mean frequency-tuning curve bandwidth decreased significantly in AII. Spontaneous activity increased significantly in AI, did not change in AAF, and decreased significantly in AII. Inter-area neural synchrony was not affected. Multi-unit response areas were usually similarly affected as local field potentials based response areas because the 'damaged area', defined as the response surface before minus the surface after the @entity130 , was very similar. This suggests that the damage reflects peripheral activity changes. Enhancement of frequency response areas around @entity2198 , but at least one octave below the frequency of the traumatizing tone, was found most frequently in AAF and suggests a reduction of inhibition likely as a result of the peripheral @entity393 .

title: Effects of acute pure tone induced XXXX on response properties in three auditory cortical fields in cat.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic frequency', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of @entity3027 and @entity379 pretreatment on @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-induced cell death in @entity1 Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) and the mechanisms by which @entity3027 and @entity379 modulate the susceptibility of HTFs to @entity1139 . METHODS: HTFs were pretreated with @entity3027 and @entity379 for 48 hours before 5-minute application of 0.4 mg/mL @entity1139 . Cell death after 48 hours was determined by @entity4404 / @entity2667 (PI) staining and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Fas, Fas-ligand, and @entity588 expression were determined by flow cytometry. Fas associated death domain (FADD), @entity589 , @entity4674 , and caspase expression were determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: @entity1139 treatment increased cell death and upregulated Fas and FADD expression, but had no effect on Fas-Ligand, @entity589 , @entity588 , or @entity4674 . Neither @entity3027 nor @entity379 alone induced @entity204 , but each increased cell death 2 days after @entity1139 treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. Combination @entity3027 and @entity379 had a synergistic effect. @entity3027 and @entity379 pretreatment increased Fas expression. Fas upregulation was associated with increased sensitivity to @entity1139 . IFN pretreatment increased procaspase-8, procaspase-9, and @entity522 expression, and @entity522 activation. @entity8186 , @entity522 , and broad caspase inhibitors, but not @entity8187 inhibitor, inhibited @entity1139 -induced cell death in nonpretreated and IFN-pretreated cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3027 and @entity379 enhance the susceptibility of HTFs to @entity1139 -induced cell death through a Fas-mediated and a @entity522 -dependent pathway. Pretreatment with IFN primed HTFs to @entity1139 , providing a potential means for initially slowing the healing response with IFN and subsequently terminating fibroblast activity through @entity1139 -induced cell death.

title: Interferon-alpha and @entity379 sensitize XXXX tenon fibroblasts to mitomycin-C.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['HTF death']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha', 'interferon (IFN)-alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We aimed to clarify the association between the presence of micrometastases around liver metastases from @entity356 and the results of hepatic resection. In addition, we investigated the influence of @entity5962 and @entity1917 expression on the development of micrometastases. METHODS: @entity3944 around liver metastases were examined microscopically in 31 metastatic @entity96 specimens resected from 17 @entity1 who had undergone hepatic resection for liver metastases from @entity356 . @entity5962 and @entity1917 expression in the primary @entity356 , the liver metastases, and the micrometastases were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Hepatic micrometastases were present in around 48% of the liver metastases, accounting for 59% of the @entity1 . The @entity5 recurrence rate in the remnant liver after hepatic resection was significantly higher, and survival significantly poorer, in @entity1 with such micrometastases than in those without. @entity3944 tended to appear around the liver metastases that had reduced @entity5962 expression. Most of the micrometastases in the lymph ducts and sinusoids showed reduced @entity5962 expression. @entity1917 expression was not correlated with the presence of micrometastases. CONCLUSIONS: About half of the hepatic metastases from @entity356 had seeded off micrometastases, and the presence of these micrometastases was associated with a poorer result of hepatic resection. Reduced @entity5962 expression in metastatic @entity96 may be associated with the development of micrometastases.

title: Intrahepatic micrometastases around liver metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7', 'MMP-7']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['Micrometastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity570 ( @entity571 ) is usually managed with systemic treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or symptomatic slow-acting drugs. Unfortunately, many @entity1 either cannot tolerate NSAIDs or suffer serious, even fatal, NSAID-induced side effects, predominantly gastrointestinal ulceration and @entity548 . Viscosupplementation, which aims to restore physiological and rheological features of the synovial fluid, is a well-accepted therapeutic option in knee @entity571 @entity1 , but limited data exist in the literature about its potential benefit for the treatment of @entity570 . The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of hylan G-F 20 administered through ultrasound (US)-guided intra-articular (IA) injections in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity570 . We treated 30 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity570 . Under US guidance, 7 @entity1 received one injection, 21 @entity1 had two injections, and 2 @entity1 received three injections, each with 2 ml of hylan G-F 20. Lequesne index, VAS scale of @entity158 , and NSAID consumption were evaluated at baseline as well as 2 and 6 months after the beginning of the treatment. No systemic adverse events were observed. Lequesne index, @entity158 score, and NSAID consumption showed a reduction that was statistically significant to the baseline. The present observation suggests the potentiality for the safety and efficacy of hylan G-F 20 injected under US guidance in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity570 . Further controlled studies are needed.

title: The symptomatic effects of intra-articular administration of hylan G-F 20 on XXXX : clinical data of 6 months follow-up.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['VAS pain', 'hip pain']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['Hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The value of palliative surgery for @entity420 ( @entity11846 ) is controversial, and specific studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to report the results of a palliative resection for @entity11846 in 69 @entity1 . METHODS: From 1980 to 1993, 69 @entity1 (mean age 59 +/- 10 years) underwent a palliative resection for @entity11846 . Palliative resection was defined by macroscopically incomplete resection, tumoral involvement of resection margins, visceral or serosal metastasis, or N3 metastatic nodes. @entity1 were classified according to the diagnosis of palliation established preoperatively (group A, n = 26), peroperatively (group B, n = 35), or postoperatively (group C, n = 8) respectively. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (8.7%) died postoperatively. Mortality rates were 3.8%, 8.6% and 25% in groups A, B and C, respectively. Twenty one @entity1 (30%) had postoperative @entity532 . Median global survival was 9 months (mean 11 +/- 7 months) without significant difference between groups A, B and C. Forty-four out of 51 @entity1 (86%) followed until @entity204 did not have @entity1282 . The other @entity1 were free of @entity1282 during an average of 70% of the follow-up duration. Among the 14 @entity1 surviving postoperatively with a tumoral esophageal margin, none experienced @entity1282 from anastomotic recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 with @entity11846 , a palliative resection can be achieved with an acceptable mortality and a very good functional result. This result can justify a prospective comparison between palliative surgery and alternative treatments.

title: [Palliative treatment of XXXX : is there a role for surgery?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']


abstract: There are limited data on the results of early @entity134 withdrawal (ESW) in @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) renal allograft recipients. We examined short-term transplant outcomes in a retrospective, non-concurrent cohort study of 40 AAs who did not (ESW group), and 33 who did [ @entity134 maintenance (SM) group] receive maintenance steroids after day 4 post-transplant. @entity1 received thymoglobulin (ATG) induction, @entity618 , and @entity1140 or @entity3446 . Data were analyzed using survival analysis methods and regression models. @entity1 in the ESW group were older, had lower current panel reactive antibody and fewer re-transplants, and received fewer doses of ATG. One-year graft survival and @entity697 ( @entity697 ) rates were 100% and 13% in the ESW group and 97% and 15% in the SM group. After controlling for confounders, at 1 year, ESW was not associated with higher risk of graft loss, @entity697 , or worse graft function, but was associated with less @entity1017 . The SM group had higher @entity165 levels at 3 months and higher risk of @entity6 . We did not observe any cases of subclinical rejection. This study suggests that ESW under modern immunosuppression is safe over the short term in at least a subset of @entity3004 recipients with risk profiles similar to those studied herein, and could be associated with improved outcomes.

title: Short-term experience with early @entity134 withdrawal in XXXX renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rejection', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African-American']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3004 :: (MESH:C537904,Disease) :: ['African-American']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 often respond to radiotherapy but long term disease control is exceptional. The concomitant administration of a chemotherapy agent with radiosensitizing properties such as @entity3003 may increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. METHODS: A dose escalation schedule of @entity3003 was devised to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of intravenous @entity3003 when given on a twice-weekly schedule during a course of hyperfractionated, involved field radiotherapy (100 centigrays [cGy] twice daily to 7200 cGy). The starting dose was 20 mg/m(2) and the dose was increased by 15 mg/m(2) after every 3 @entity1 provided no Grade 3 or 4 (according to the National Institutes of Health Common @entity137 Criteria) @entity137 occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (brain and spine) were obtained before treatment and at the time of disease progression. Clinical entry criteria included an MRI scan demonstrating a @entity3308 and a typical 2-3-month history of evolving @entity129 and a @entity426 . Biopsy-confirmed evidence of a high grade @entity11 was required for nonpontine @entity3308 . RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity1 were enrolled. The median age of the @entity1 was 7.8 years (range, 3.6-15.4 years) and the median prodrome duration was 1.5 months (range, 0.25-36 months). The MTD was 110 mg/m(2) or a total cumulative dose of 1540 mg/m(2) over 7 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 was hematologic. The median progression free survival was 8 months (range, 0-104+ months) and the overall survival was 12 months (range, 5-104+ months). At last follow-up there were 5 long term survivors (15%) who remained in continuous remission after a mean follow-up period of 79 months (range, 46-104 months). Fifteen of the 29 @entity1 (52%) with recurrence and or disease progression developed @entity5 spread beyond the local radiation field. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative MTD for @entity3003 is 1540 mg/m(2) when administered concomitantly with involved field, hyperfractionated radiotherapy in a twice-weekly schedule for 7 weeks. Subsequent Phase II and III clinical trials can be conducted safely at this level.

title: A phase I/II study of XXXX combined with hyperfractionated radiotherapy for @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine tumor', 'brain stem tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal/intraaxial tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'Brainstem gliomas']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorder']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We designed two different studies to evaluate two different combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) stopping strategies namely a 'staggered stop' approach (STOP 1 study) and a 'protected stop' approach (STOP 2 study) to find the best 'universal stop' strategy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who stopped cART for any reason were recruited. In STOP 1, 10 @entity1 on efavirenz continued dual nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) for 1 week after discontinuing efavirenz. Efavirenz concentrations were measured weekly for up to 3 weeks. In STOP 2, 20 @entity1 stopped their cART and replaced it with two tablets of @entity5195 / @entity486 (Kaletra) (100/50 mg) twice daily for 4 weeks. @entity5195 , @entity488 , @entity5198 and @entity15833 concentrations were measured weekly for up to 4 weeks. Virological and resistance testing were performed. RESULTS: In STOP 1 five @entity1 still had efavirenz present (median t(1/2)=148.4 h) 3 weeks after stopping. In STOP 2, 15/20 @entity1 had a viral load (VL) of <40 copies/mL and 3/20 @entity1 had a reduction in VL by 4 weeks. Six @entity1 opted not to stop @entity5195 / @entity486 and still had <40 copies/mL at week 8. Week 1-4 median trough @entity5195 concentrations were well above the EC(95). Six @entity1 still had detectable concentrations of original cART persisting for >1 week after stopping. No @entity1 developed new resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma efavirenz concentrations can persist up to 3 weeks after @entity1 stop efavirenz-containing regimens. This suggests a strategy of stopping efavirenz only 1 week before NRTIs may not be long enough for some individuals. The use of @entity5195 / @entity486 monotherapy for a 4 week period may be an alternative pharmacologically and virologically effective universal stopping strategy which warrants further investigation.

title: @entity5195 / XXXX single agent therapy as a universal combination antiretroviral therapy stopping strategy: results from the STOP 1 and STOP 2 studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir', 'Lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: PURPOSES: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare two doses of intranasal @entity681 for postoperative @entity1337 , titrated according to individual requirements based upon a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 for @entity158 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for herniorrhaphy or hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia, were included when postoperative NRS was > 3. Nurses used a nasal puff device delivering a constant volume. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: Group A @entity1 received a dose of 0.025 microg x kg(-1) /puff, Group B @entity1 a dose of 0.05 microg x kg(-1) /puff. Puffs were administered as often as needed to obtain NRS < or = 3, with an interval time of five minutes. Hemodynamic, respiratory measures and sedation were recorded every five minutes. RESULTS: The probability of persistence of @entity158 in Group B was consistently lower than in Group A. After 20 min, 20% of the @entity1 had a NRS score > 3 in Group B, as opposed to 60% in Group A. At 60 min, no @entity1 had a NRS > 3 in Group B, whereas there was a probability of 20% to record a NRS > 3 for Group A. Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters and sedation remained stable with no intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal administration of 0.050 microg x kg(-1) /puff @entity681 allowed a NRS < 4 to be attained within one hour in all @entity1 , with efficacy achieved after 20 min. These findings suggest that the intranasal route is an effective mode of @entity681 administration for immediate postoperative @entity1337 in adult @entity1 .

title: Intranasal XXXX is effective for postoperative @entity1337 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study tried to identify factors predictive of upstaging from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB)-diagnosed @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) to @entity3 after surgical excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 506 female CNB-diagnosed @entity3821 @entity1 who underwent subsequent surgical excision between January 2000 and February 2011. A retrospective analysis of @entity1 undergone core needle biopsy and subsequent surgical excision was performed. Ultrasonography guided CNB was performed using either an 8-, 11-gauge vacuum-assisted method, or a 14-gauge needle automated gun method. RESULTS: The overall upstaging rate was 42.7% (216/506). Multivariate analysis found that a palpable lesion, a lesion size >20  mm, a high grade lesion, and use of the 14-gauge needle method were independently associated with upstaging (p  <  0.05 for all variables). We designed a scoring system to predict lymph node positivity in these @entity1 , and the subsequent ROC curve showed an AUC value of 0.746 (p  <  0.001, 95% CI: 0.66-0.82). @entity1 with a non-high grade lesion that was  <=20  mm in size carried no risk of lymph node positivity. CONCLUSION: Upstaging was associated with lesions that were large, palpable or high grade. It was also associated with use of the 14-gauge needle method. Our scoring system might be helpful to identify @entity1 who do not require sentinel lymph node biopsy.

title: Factors associated with upstaging from XXXX following core needle biopsy to @entity3 in subsequent surgical excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parental knowledge of their @entity1 's @entity299 , while often overlooked, contributes to compliance and reduces @entity148 . Prior studies have shown that 36% of parental diagnostic descriptions are incorrect. OBJECTIVES: To assess parental knowledge and attitudes among outpatients at a hospital pediatric cardiology clinic. METHODS: Seventy-four families completed a questionnaire in which they described their @entity1 's condition and stated their attitude towards dental hygiene and future prenatal diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of the parents failed to describe their @entity1 's @entity600 correctly. We found that parental understanding of the @entity299 correlated with parental education. Future prenatal diagnosis was considered by 88% of families, and termination of pregnancy by 40%. Only 40% of @entity1 were aware of their heart problem. @entity1 of parents who were ignorant about the condition tended to lack knowledge themselves. An additional finding was that 68% of Jewish families turn to non-medical personnel for medical advice--an interesting finding not hitherto addressed. CONCLUSIONS: Ignorance of their @entity1 's problem did not correlate with its severity or complexity but rather with parental background: the less educated the parent, the more likely was the problem perceived incorrectly.

title: Parental knowledge and views of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'heart defect']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: The measurement of both immune complex-bound and free unbound @entity5 -associated antigen was evaluated independently on a panel of sera from @entity694 @entity1 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A monoclonal antibody (mAb 46.3) raised against secreted antigens from @entity1 @entity694 cells in vitro was utilized in the RIA. When circulating immune complexes alone were analyzed, the data demonstrated that 5 of 5 (100%) Dukes' A @entity1 and 11 of 16 (69%) Dukes' B @entity1 had elevated levels of immune complexes reactive with mAb 46.3. Analysis of free circulating antigens demonstrated elevated levels of mAb 46.3-reactive antigen present in 5 of 5 (100%) Dukes' A @entity1 and 15 of 16 (95%) Dukes' B @entity1 . However, by analyzing total reactivity, defined by combining results from RIA with free and immune complex-bound antigen, the sensitivity of detection for Dukes' B increased to 16 of 16 (100%). Total antigen levels in sera from @entity1 with benign diseases ( @entity31 , @entity30 , @entity652 ) were not significantly different from normal controls. Analysis of both free and bound antigen in RIA is, therefore, a more sensitive indicator than RIA with immune complex alone. For the advanced stages of disease, only 1 of 5 (20%) Dukes' C and 0 of 5 (0%) Dukes' D sera were positive for reactive immune complexes. When the combined RIA was evaluated, 3 of 5 (60%) and 1 of 5 (20%) Dukes' C and D sera, respectively, were positive with mAb 46.3. Taken together, these results show that RIA with mAb 46.3 is a sensitive indicator for the early stages of @entity694 .

title: Improved detection of the early stages of XXXX by determining both free circulating and immune complex-bound antigens reactive with monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: The most appropriate therapy for @entity5703 remains to be determined. We compared the lipid-regulating effects of @entity8445 and @entity5753 in 30 @entity1 with @entity5703 ( @entity5703 ) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study including 8-week courses of one drug followed by a washout period and a crossover phase to the alternate drug. After completion of the trial, open-label combination therapy was given for up to 12 months. @entity5753 was more efficacious than @entity8445 in the reduction of total @entity165 (23% v. 9%, P<.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 (28% v. 2%, P<.001), whereas @entity8445 surpassed @entity5753 in the reduction of @entity1674 (48% v. 0%, P<.001) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity165 (50% v. 19%, P = .005) and the increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 (18% v. 4%, P = .005). @entity5753 caused a greater decline in total @entity755 (apo B) and LDL apo B than @entity8445 , whereas VLDL apo B decreased only after @entity8445 therapy. Drug-induced changes in lipoprotein composition indicated that @entity8445 reduced both the number and size of VLDL particles and @entity5753 decreased the number of LDL particles. Combined treatment was safe and had additive effects on lipids, causing significant (P<.001) reductions in total @entity165 (32%), @entity1674 (51%), LDL @entity165 (34%), and apo B (26%) and an increase in HDL @entity165 (19%). Target LDL @entity165 levels were achieved only in 11% of @entity1 given @entity8445 alone and @entity1674 decreased to target levels in 22% after @entity5753 alone, whereas combined therapy normalized both lipid fractions in 96% of @entity1 . Thus, in @entity5703 , @entity8445 has no effect on LDL @entity165 levels but favorably influences the putative atherogenic alterations of lipoprotein composition that are related to @entity2298 . Conversely, @entity5753 markedly decreases LDL @entity165 but has little effect on @entity412 -rich lipoproteins. Combination treatment safely corrects all of the @entity14822 in most @entity1 .

title: Randomized crossover study of @entity8445 versus XXXX in @entity5703 : additive effects of combination treatment on lipid regulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['FCHL', 'combined hyperlipidemia', 'familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: 1. We have explored the effects of targeted disruption of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor epsilon 1 or epsilon 2 subunit gene on @entity143 receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents ( @entity143 EPSCs) and long-term potentiations (LTPs) at the two types of synapse in @entity19 hippocampal @entity4779 pyramidal neurons: those formed by the commissural/associational (C/A) and fimbrial (Fim) inputs. 2. Electrophysiological experiments were performed in hippocampal slices prepared from both wild-type and epsilon 1- or epsilon 2-disrupted @entity19 using extracellular and whole-cell patch recording techniques. To assess the epsilon 1, epsilon 2 and zeta 1 subunit expression at cellular levels, we performed non-isotopic in situ hybridization with @entity1859 -labelled cRNA probes. 3. We could record EPSCs in response to the stimulations to either of the C/A and Fim afferents from a single @entity4779 pyramidal neuron. The epsilon 1, epsilon 2 and zeta 1 subunits were expressed together in individual @entity4779 neurons. 4. The epsilon 1 subunit disruption selectively reduced @entity143 EPSCs and LTP in the C/A- @entity4779 synapse without significantly affecting those in the Fim- @entity4779 synapse, whereas the epsilon 2 subunit mutation diminished @entity143 EPSCs and LTP in the Fim- @entity4779 synapse with no appreciable functional modifications in the C/A- @entity4779 synapse. 5. These results suggest that @entity143 receptors with different subunit compositions function within a single @entity4779 pyramidal cell in a synapse-selective manner.

title: Synapse-selective impairment of XXXX receptor functions in @entity19 lacking @entity143 receptor epsilon 1 or epsilon 2 subunit.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dynamin GTPase (Dyn) plays a critical role in membrane-remodelling events underlying endocytosis. Studies in Drosophila identified a functional interaction between the Dyn homologue, encoded by the shibire (shi) gene, and Abnormal wing discs (Awd), a @entity5688 kinase (NDPK) that is the homologue of group I Nme @entity1 genes. These Drosophila studies showed that awd mutations enhance mutant shi phenotype and thus indicated the existence of a highly specific interaction between these genes. Furthermore, in @entity1 cells, it has been shown that Nme proteins promote Dyn activity in different membrane compartments through spatially controlled supply of @entity3007 . Interestingly, Awd and Nme proteins have been detected in the extracellular environment. While no role has been inferred to extracellular Awd, presence of @entity18962 in @entity5 patient serum is an unfavourable prognostic marker. In the present work, we used Drosophila and @entity1 cell line models to investigate the shuttling Awd/ @entity18962 proteins between intracellular and extracellular spaces. By using classic and reverse genetic approaches, we show that downregulation of Shi/Dyn1 activity enhances extracellular Awd/ @entity18962 in both Drosophila and @entity1 colon cell lines. We extended our analyses to @entity694 cell lines and found that knocking down Dyn1, besides to raise @entity18962 extracellular amount, downregulates expression of molecular components that play key roles in @entity5 invasion. Interestingly, in vivo analyses of Drosophila larval adipocytes show that the conditional block of Shi activity greatly reduces intracellular amount of Awd confirming that Shi plays a key role in controlling the balance between intracellular and extracellular Awd.

title: Dynamin controls extracellular level of Awd/ XXXX metastasis suppressor protein.

entities_list: @entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity18962 :: (4830,Gene) :: ['Nme1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether @entity1956 e antigen ( @entity13211 ) seroconversion induced by nucleos(t)ide analogues ( @entity55558 ) has a prognosis that is similar to that of spontaneous @entity13211 seroconversion. METHODS: A total of 148 noncirrhotic @entity55558 -induced @entity13211 seroconverters were consecutively enrolled. A historical control of 407 noncirrhotic spontaneous @entity13211 seroconverters was also recruited. We compared the rates of @entity13211 seroreversion and @entity97 reactivation between these 2 cohorts. RESULTS: There were 1652.8 and 465.2 @entity1 -years of follow-up for spontaneous and @entity55558 -induced @entity13211 seroconverters, respectively. Compared with @entity55558 -induced seroconverters, spontaneous seroconverters were younger when achieving @entity13211 seroconversion. We thus compared these 2 cohorts according to their age at @entity13211 seroconversion. In @entity1 achieving @entity13211 seroconversion before 30 years of age, @entity55558 -induced seroconverters had a higher 2-year @entity13211 seroreversion rate than spontaneous seroconverters (12.0% vs 2.9%; P = .004) and were at a higher risk of @entity97 reactivation (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-14.4). Using multivariate analysis, @entity55558 -induced @entity13211 seroconversion remained a risk factor of both endpoints in young @entity13211 seroconverters. CONCLUSION: @entity55558 -induced @entity13211 seroconverters may not have durable response after stopping therapy. For @entity1 achieving @entity13211 seroconversion before 30 years of age, the risk of @entity13211 seroreversion and @entity97 reactivation is higher in @entity55558 -induced seroconverters than spontaneous @entity13211 seroconverters.

title: Young chronic XXXX @entity1 with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced @entity1956 e antigen seroconversion have a higher risk of @entity97 reactivation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: This study investigated the spatial and temporal expressions of mRNA encoding @entity29671 , Npn-2 and @entity55836 ( @entity55836 ) in the @entity35 brain after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MAC) distal to the striate branches. The expression of Npn-1 mRNA was transiently upregulated in layers V and VI of the parietal cortex not entering @entity1188 on the lesion side from 3 to 6 h after @entity432 . The transient up-regulation of Npn-1 mRNA expression was presumably accompanied by an increase in Npn-1 protein as shown by immunohistochemistry in combination with in situ hybridization histochemistry. Intense Npn-2 mRNA expression was noted temporarily in layer II of the parietal cortex on the lesion side from 1 to 6 h after @entity432 . The expression of @entity55836 mRNA was upregulated in layer VI of the non-infarcted parietal cortex on the lesion side at 6 h after @entity432 . The above increases in mRNA expression were no longer observed at 12 h after @entity432 . The expressions of Npn-1, -2 and @entity55836 mRNA were not detected in the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus undergoing secondary degeneration after @entity432 . In the @entity4798 or @entity63 core, neuronal expressions of Npn-1, -2 and @entity55836 disappeared by 3 days after @entity432 as the neurons in situ entered apoptosis or @entity39 . In contrast, ED-1-positive microglia/macrophages with Npn-1 and Npn-2 mRNA were observed in the @entity4798 at 1 week after @entity432 . These findings suggest that the temporal up-regulation of Npn-1 and @entity55836 mRNA expressions in the non-infarcted parietal cortex on the lesion side is insufficient to induce neuronal cell death possibly because the up-regulated mRNA molecules are not fully translated and that the overexpression of Npn-1 and/or Npn-2 in the @entity63 core with degenerating neurons enables activated microglial cells to contact the damaged neurons in situ for phagocytosis.

title: Expressions of XXXX , neuropilin-2 and @entity55836 mRNA in the @entity35 brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarct lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion']

answer: @entity29671 :: (246331(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neuropilin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4066 lesions tend to resolve spontaneously, but abnormal findings such as @entity384 occasionally persist. However, the clinical features and pathological findings in such cases have never been verified. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity1188 . Angiography showed the "pearl and string sign" in the left vertebral artery, and he was diagnosed as @entity4066 . Repeated angiography showed persistent @entity384 with @entity850 . Eleven years after the @entity1188 , the @entity1 presented with a @entity510 from an @entity438 , and the lesion was explored via the left suboccipital approach. The vertebral artery was firm, making the placement of a clip impossible, so the lesion was treated by coating of the @entity548 point. The @entity1 died of @entity55 and @entity4854 on postoperative day 15. Postmortem examination revealed an organized intramural @entity1410 , thickening of the intima, and @entity528 of the media of the vertebral artery, a fusiform, distended thin arterial wall with intimal disruption at the @entity384 , and @entity4288 of all cerebral arteries. CONCLUSION: This case indicates that persistent @entity384 of a dissection is a @entity2849 prone to rupture, and that healing of the affected vessels might be severely compromised in the presence of pathological conditions such as @entity4288 and disturbed intraluminal blood flow in the dissected lesions.

title: Late @entity548 from persistent @entity2849 in XXXX presenting with ischemia: case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation', 'aneurysmal-dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['left cerebellar infarction', 'cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['irregular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['having left vertebral artery dissection', 'Vertebral artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of the left vertebral artery']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery dissection']


abstract: Invasive @entity364 are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised @entity1 . Current therapy with @entity2379 and antifungal @entity5627 has overlapping targets and is limited by @entity137 and resistance. The @entity5637 lipopeptide @entity11794 is the first of a new class of antifungal compounds that inhibit the synthesis of @entity44595 . This homopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of many pathogenic fungi and yet is absent in @entity1 cells. It provides osmotic stability and is important for cell growth and cell division. In vitro, @entity11794 has broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Candida and @entity54 spp. without cross-resistance to existing agents. The compound exerts prolonged post-antifungal effects and fungicidal activity against Candida spp. and causes severe damage of @entity54 at the sites of hyphal growth. Animal models have demonstrated efficacy against disseminated @entity7553 and disseminated and @entity57 , both in normal and in immunocompromised animals. @entity11794 possesses favourable pharmacokinetic properties and is not metabolised through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. It showed highly promising antifungal efficacy in Phase II and III clinical trials in immunocompromised @entity1 with @entity7553 . @entity11794 was effective in @entity1 with @entity3 intolerant or refractory to standard therapies. Based on its documented antifungal efficacy and an excellent safety profile, @entity11794 has been approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 who are refractory to or intolerant of other therapies (i.e., @entity2379 , lipid formulations of @entity2379 , and/or @entity2059 ). Phase III clinical trials in @entity1 with candidaemia and in persistently febrile neutropenic @entity1 requiring empirical antifungal therapy are ongoing. This paper reviews the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of @entity11794 and its potential role for treatment of invasive and superficial @entity364 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX : pharmacology, safety and therapeutic potential in superficial and invasive @entity364 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal candidiasis', 'candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['Caspofungin', 'caspofungin']

answer: @entity11794 :: (MESH:C105417,Chemical) :: ['Caspofungin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to describe levels of maternal @entity148 , @entity308 , and perceptions of @entity1 vulnerability associated with newborn genetic screening for susceptibility to type 1 @entity6 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Mothers of @entity1 tested at birth for genetic susceptibility to type 1 @entity6 as part of a prospective study investigating potential environmental triggers of @entity792 were recruited to this study. Three mother- @entity1 cohorts were studied: 38 @entity1 at increased genetic risk, 73 at low risk, and 76 who had not undergone testing. The Vulnerable Baby Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and state subscale of the State Trait @entity148 Inventory were administered at the 9-week, 4-month, and 1-year postnatal ages. Genetic-risk notification occurred at the 10-week postnatal age. Mothers whose @entity1 had undergone genetic testing were also asked to subjectively rate how much they thought and worried about their @entity1 's genetic test result. Statistical analyses were conducted to test for differences in questionnaire scores among the 3 groups. RESULTS: No difference among the groups was detected in Vulnerable Baby Scale or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores using linear mixed-effects model analysis. Maternal @entity148 was @entity2121 slightly lower in the increased-risk group shortly after notification of results, but there were no significant differences among the groups by 1 year. Mothers of @entity1 in the high-risk group reported thinking and worrying about their @entity1 's test result significantly more than mothers of low-risk @entity1 at both time points after notification of results. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn genetic screening to identify @entity1 at risk for type 1 @entity6 is not associated with elevated levels of maternal @entity148 , @entity308 , or heightened perceptions of @entity1 vulnerability. However, responses to subjective assessment questions suggest that it is possible that more subtle effects on mothers do occur, and this requires further investigation.

title: Maternal psychological reaction to newborn genetic screening for type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form the final common pathway for the central regulation of reproduction. @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has long been implicated in playing key roles in the regulation of GnRH neurons. Two groups reported recently that @entity1246 depolarizes GnRH neurons, although one group reported a hyperpolarizing action of @entity1246 . In this study, we investigated the @entity1246 -induced changes in [ @entity141 ](i) of GnRH neurons from @entity1176 -enhanced green fluorescent protein (GnRH-EGFP) @entity35 both to confirm the depolarizing action of @entity1246 and to further examine the developmental and estrous cycle-dependent modulations of @entity1246 action. @entity1246 increased [ @entity141 ](i) in GnRH neurons at all developmental stages of both sexes. @entity1246 also increased [ @entity141 ](i) in adult female GnRH neurons prepared in the afternoon at each estrous cycle stage. The percentages of neurons with increased [ @entity141 ](i) were 90% in proestrus, 59% in estrus, 84% in diestrus I, and 89% in diestrus II. In GnRH neurons prepared from adult females in the morning, however, the percentage was significantly lower than in those prepared in the afternoon, except in estrus. The percentage was also lower in adult males than in adult females. @entity1246 responses were mimicked by @entity6341 and blocked by @entity1027 . In addition, removal of extracellular @entity141 completely suppressed the @entity1246 action, and @entity11623 attenuated the response. These results indicate that @entity1246 depolarizes GnRH neurons by activating @entity1246 (A) receptors, thereby activating voltage-gated @entity141 channels and facilitating @entity141 influx. In addition, the response to @entity1246 is modulated according to the estrous cycle stage, diurnal rhythm, and sex.

title: GABAA receptors mediate excitation in adult XXXX GnRH neurons.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-amino butyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether preoperative treatment with @entity3988 could ameliorate left ventricular (LV) @entity67 in @entity1 after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with preserved LV function undergoing elective CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS: According to medical history, @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity1 not receiving @entity3988 (n = 17) and @entity1 treated with once-daily oral @entity3988 for at least 2 weeks (n = 17). All @entity1 received preoperative beta-blockers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After induction of anesthesia, after sternal closure, and 4 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocities were measured with pulsed Doppler. LV short-axis end-diastolic area by Doppler transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and hemodynamic variables were obtained simultaneously at comparable pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. Postoperatively, increased peak E and A velocities were observed in @entity1 with @entity3988 and controls and returned to baseline 4 hours post-CPB in controls. Changes in these velocities did not result in a decreased E/A ratio. Peak A velocity, E/A ratio, and E wave deceleration time were significantly dependent on heart rate, not peak E velocity. End-diastolic area at comparable pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged. In relation to @entity3988 , only peak A velocity and time velocity integral of the A wave (TVI-A) at 4 hours post-CPB differed from controls. CONCLUSION: Diastolic function is preserved after CABG surgery and is not altered by @entity3988 in @entity1 with preserved LV systolic function. The persistence of increased peak A velocity and TVI-A into the postoperative period suggests improved atrial systolic function with @entity3988 .

title: Effects of preoperative treatment with XXXX on diastolic ventricular function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']