abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate risk factors for premature neonates not receiving antenatal @entity230 in a population-based cohort and to determine whether the gains of a quality-improvement collaborative project on antenatal @entity134 administration were sustained long-term. METHODS: Clinical data for premature neonates born in 2005   2007 were obtained from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, which collects data on more than 90% of neonatal admissions in California. Eligible neonates had a birth weight of less than 1,500 g or gestational age less than 34 weeks and were born at a Collaborative hospital. These data were linked to administrative data from California Vital Statistics. Sociodemographic and medical risk factors for not receiving antenatal @entity230 were determined. We also examined the effect of birth hospital participation in a previous quality-improvement collaborative project. A random effects logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors. RESULTS: Of 15,343 eligible neonates, 23.1% did not receive antenatal @entity230 in 2005   2007. Hispanic mothers (25.6%), mothers younger than age 20 (27.6%), and those without prenatal care (52.2%) were less likely to receive antenatal @entity230 . Mothers giving birth vaginally (26.8%) and mothers with a diagnosis of @entity147 (26.5%) were also less likely to receive antenatal @entity230 . Rupture of membranes before delivery and multiple gestations were associated with higher likelihood of antenatal @entity134 administration. Hospitals that participated in a quality-improvement collaborative in 1999    2000 had higher rates of antenatal @entity134 administration (85% compared with 69%, P<.001). CONCLUSION: A number of eligible mothers do not receive antenatal @entity230 . Quality-improvement initiatives to improve antenatal @entity134 administration could target specific high-risk groups.

title: Antenatal XXXX administration for premature neonates in California.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['fetal distress']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are numerous reports of @entity1314 pathology in @entity1277 . However, few studies have directly compared personality pathology in @entity1279 , @entity5550 and @entity28 . The present study examines group differences in DSM-IV personality pathology, considering the potential utility of understanding @entity1314 in terms of diagnosis and dimensional scores. METHOD: Eating disorder diagnoses were established using the Eating Disorder Examination interview. Thirty-five @entity1279 @entity1 , 15 @entity5550 @entity1 and 37 @entity28 @entity1 were assessed and compared on the International Personality Disorder Examination using categorical and @entity1314 scores. RESULTS: For most @entity1314 , there was a dichotomy of binge eaters versus non-binge eaters. In contrast, there was a continuum of severity in @entity4225 pathology between the groups. The dimensional system of measurement of personality pathology allowed for clearer differentiation between the groups. CONCLUSION: The study strongly indicates that @entity1314 difficulties are present in @entity1 who binge eat, while @entity28 @entity1 who do not binge eat display significantly less @entity1314 pathology. @entity1279 , @entity5550 and @entity28 needs to address @entity1314 and pathology. Dimensional markers of personality pathology can be used to supplement categorical diagnoses, providing information about the traits that underlie diagnosis.

title: The prevalence of DSM-IV personality pathology among individuals with @entity1279 , XXXX and @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['different eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Assessment of bulimia nervosa', 'bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['dimensional personality disorder', 'personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge eating disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional deletion of @entity20360 , also termed as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor IA, in @entity19 might result in early @entity2085 . To investigate the function of @entity20360 in cardiac development, the cardiac-specific deletion of @entity20360 in @entity19 was made by Dr. Schneider, using Cre recombinase driven by the @entity12077 promoter that Dr. Fukushipe worked out. Such specific deletion of @entity20360 caused @entity204 in mid-gestation with defects in the trabeculae, interventricular septum, and endocardial cushion. Since @entity20360 is not a cardiac-specific gene, it is extremely important to identify @entity20360 downstream genes. METHODS: @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/- and @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/+ embryos were obtained after 20 @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 +/- @entity19 and 20 @entity20360 F/F @entity19 were mating. The @entity20360 downstream genes were screened using microarray made in Germany that could identify 25000 genes in @entity19 . Two populations of mRNA, one derived from the embryonic heart (11.5 days) of @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/- @entity19 , and the other derived from the @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/+ @entity19 , were compared. Cardiac-specific @entity20360 downstream genes were identified using real time quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expression of 12 genes, such as @entity20451 and @entity62553 were down-regulated in @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/- @entity19 heart. The expression of 16 genes including Ras-related protein Rab-5b and @entity62554 protein was up-regulated in the group of @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/-. It was found that the Box protein @entity20451 gene was down-regulated by 7.1 fold (P < 0.001) in the @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/- @entity19 by real time quantitative RT-PCR. It was also revealed that the Box protein @entity20451 gene was expressed stronger in @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/+ than @entity12077 Cre+/-, @entity20360 F/- E11.5 days @entity19 heart by means of in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: The Box protein @entity20451 gene is an important and cardiac-specific @entity20360 downstream gene in the BMP signaling pathway during inter-ventricular septum development.

title: [A study on myocardial XXXX gene].

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

answer: @entity20451 :: (18510(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Pax-8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of a new @entity2701 -adjustment technique for postoperative @entity2654 encountered after sling operations. METHOD: To test our new method, @entity11044 was developed in 5 female @entity235 by modifying the sling operation by exerting more @entity2701 on a specially prepared @entity7502 strip in which a gap had been developed. After filling the bladder with isotonic solution, detrusor contractions were induced by pelvic nerve stimulations, and urodynamic studies were performed to document the @entity11044 . In each case Foley catheters were inserted into the bladder and left in place until the time of @entity2701 adjustment. Tension adjustment was performed in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks postoperatively for @entity235 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. RESULTS: On the day of @entity2701 adjustment, after filling the bladder with isotonic solution and removing the Foley catheter, none of the @entity235 , except @entity235 3, was able to produce a free flow of urine either spontaneously or provoked by detrusor contractions. The release of the prolene sutures was readily achieved in all cases except @entity235 5. In this case, sling takedown was achieved after surgical exploration in which the sling location was confirmed by following the prolene sutures and Hegar's dilator. After identifying the sling, the gap was opened by cutting the prolene sutures, instead of a sling incision. Release of the prolene sutures resulted in a distinct drop in the urethra with decreased resistance of Hegar's dilator. The improvement in voiding was confirmed by postoperative urodynamic studies and was immediate in all cases. CONCLUSION: Our new technique for postoperative @entity2654 encountered after sling operation is simple, effective and avoids re-operation in the early postoperative period.

title: A new XXXX -adjustment technique for sling operation: an animal model.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2654 :: ('MESH:C537271', 'Disease') :: ['voiding difficulties']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: Pericardiectomy today is an accepted therapeutic concept in @entity1 with different @entity74 . The postoperative outcome of @entity1 is mainly influenced by two factors. First, diagnosis has to be established early to avoid @entity296 and secondary organ failure, especially of liver and kidneys. Second, the whole accessible surface of atria and ventricles has to be freed from diseased and calcified pericardium. To achieve this, we prefer a total median sternotomy for the surgical approach. In selected cases of @entity2294 or as a palliative procedure, a small infrasternal incision or anterolateral thoracotomy is used for pericardiocentesis and creation of a pericardio-pulmonary window. Between January 1969 and March 1990 we treated 187 @entity1 with different @entity74 . Mortality was 4.8% overall, and was especially low (2.8%) among the 106 @entity1 with @entity60182 . Out of 67 @entity1 with @entity3822 , four died during hospital stay (5.9%). The prognosis is still poor for @entity1 with primary or secondary @entity5 , in whom surgery is mostly restricted to palliative resection, and a special group with constrictive and mostly calcified epicarditis, for whom no surgical option is available.

title: The role of pericardiectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['acute pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pericardial tumours']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity60182 :: ('MESH:C564895', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['pericardial disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) may have oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and @entity146 . These symptoms vary in severity, and may be related to a comorbid diagnosis of @entity952 ( @entity952 ) or @entity9054 ( @entity9054 ). Critical evaluation of the efficacy of @entity71 medications may guide the clinician regarding the usefulness of medications for these symptoms. METHOD: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and @entity4678 for oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and @entity146 in youth with @entity71 , @entity952 , and @entity9054 . The quality of evidence for medications was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Two systematic reviews and 20 randomized controlled trials were included. There is high-quality evidence that psychostimulants have a moderate-to-large effect on oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and @entity146 in youth with @entity71 , with and without @entity952 or @entity9054 . There is very-low-quality evidence that @entity1338 has a small effect on oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in youth with @entity71 , with and without @entity952 or @entity9054 . There is moderate-quality evidence that @entity1774 has a small-to-moderate effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with @entity71 , with and without @entity952 . There is high-quality evidence that @entity4678 has a small effect on oppositional behaviour in youth with @entity71 , with and without @entity952 or @entity9054 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and @entity4678 can be beneficial for disruptive and aggressive behaviours in addition to core @entity71 symptoms; however, psychostimulants generally provide the most benefit.

title: The Pharmacological Management of Oppositional Behaviour, Conduct Problems, and Aggression in @entity1 and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, XXXX , and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Part 1: Psychostimulants, Alpha-2 Agonists, and @entity4678 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['ODD', 'oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['guanfacine']

answer: @entity952 :: (MESH:D019958,Disease) :: ['Oppositional Defiant Disorder']


abstract: Recent work indicates that upper airway dilator muscles of individuals with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) demonstrate an increased level of activity during wakefulness compared with normal subjects. In addition, massive bursts of pharyngeal dilator activity are associated with the termination of upper airway occlusive events during sleep. This complex pattern of altered pharyngeal dilator activation is also observed in the English bulldog, an animal model of @entity27 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that such alterations in activity level might lead to changes in the structure of pharyngeal muscles in the bulldog. Full-thickness biopsies were obtained from two pharyngeal dilator muscles, the sternohyoid (SH) and geniohyoid, as well as a limb muscle, the anterior tibialis, in bulldogs (n = 5) and control @entity235 (n = 7). Immunohistochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain expression revealed an increased contribution of fast type II myosin heavy-chain fibers to SH in bulldogs. The bulldog SH also demonstrated increased connective tissue content compared with control @entity235 , consistent with the presence of @entity82 . Both pharyngeal dilators in the bulldog exhibited an elevated proportion of morphologically abnormal fibers indicative of ongoing or prior injury. No differences in any of the above parameters were seen between bulldogs and control @entity235 in the anterior tibialis limb muscle. We conclude that the chronic load and altered pattern of usage imposed on the upper airway dilators in @entity27 lead to myopathic changes that may ultimately impair the ability of these muscles to maintain pharyngeal patency.

title: Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in XXXX with sleep apnea.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pediatric out-of-hospital @entity1167 is an uncommon event with measurable short-term survival to hospital discharge. For those who survive to hospital discharge, little is known regarding duration of survival. We sought to evaluate the arrest circumstances and long-term survival of pediatric @entity1 who experienced an out-of-hospital @entity1167 and survived to hospital discharge. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: King County, WA Emergency Medical Service Catchment and Quaternary Care @entity1 's Hospital @entity1 : @entity1 less than 19 years old who had an out-of-hospital @entity1167 and were discharged alive from the hospital between 1976 and 2007. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During the study period, 1,683 @entity1 less than 19 years old were treated for pediatric out-of-hospital @entity1167 in the study community, with 91 @entity1 surviving to hospital discharge. Of these 91 survivors, 20 (22%) subsequently died during 1449 @entity1 -years of follow-up. Survival following hospital discharge was 92% at 1 year, 86% at 5 years, and 77% at 20 years. Compared to those who subsequently died, long-term survivors were more likely at the time of discharge to be older (mean age, 8 vs 1 yr), had a witnessed arrest (83% vs 56%), presented with a shockable rhythm (40% vs 10%), and had a favorable Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category of 1 or 2 (67% vs 0%). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort study evaluating the long-term outcome of pediatric survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 , we observed that long-term survival was generally favorable. Age, arrest characteristics, and functional status at hospital discharge were associated with prognosis. These findings support efforts to improve pediatric resuscitation, stabilization, and convalescent care.

title: Long-term outcomes following pediatric out-of-hospital XXXX *.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Stress is the coordinated physiological processes to maintain a dynamic equilibrium under stressful conditions. The equilibrium is threatened by certain physiological and psychological stressors. Stressors trigger physiological, behavioural, and metabolic responses that are aimed at reinstating homeostasis. The @entity774 and the sympathetic nervous system play an essential role in the stress response. Excessive,prolonged, or inadequate response that is termed as "allostasis" or "allostatic load" leads to pathological outcomes. Dysregulation of the @entity774 activity is involved in the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders including @entity308 . The complex brain-immune-endocrine network regulates the @entity774 , and hereditary predisposition as well as environmental factors such as traumatic experiences in early life also modifies the capacity of an individual to cope. Therefore, it is difficult to correctly assess the complex stress response. We have developed a microarray carrying 1,467 cDNAs that were selected to specifically measure stress response in peripheral blood leukocytes. Using this tool, we have succeeded to objectively assess individual response to @entity14469 and to detect unique expression profiles in @entity1 with @entity308 . Gene expression profile in peripheral blood leukocytes may be a potentially useful for the detection of disease-associated, abnormal stress responses.

title: Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood leukocytes as a new approach for assessment of XXXX stress response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['acute psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The efficacy and side effects of the combination therapy of @entity2740 and @entity1483 administered to @entity1 with @entity712 , for a prolonged period of time, were assessed. Thirty-two @entity1 were hospitalized during the years 1985-1991. @entity712 (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF = 22.4% +/- 6.6%) was present in 26 @entity1 , @entity712 in 3 @entity1 , @entity177 , @entity82 and @entity1143 were present each in one @entity1 . @entity10010 0.5 g daily was added to conventional therapy. @entity1 were monitored closely during hospitalization and later as outpatients. During hospitalization, addition of @entity10010 caused a reduction of 4.8 +/- 4.0 kg in patients' weight, serum @entity972 decreased from 4.4 +/- 0.6 to 4.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (P < 0.005) and serum @entity1372 from 139.0 +/- 4.7 to 136.8 +/- 5.5 mmol/l (P < 0.05). The duration of the combined therapy was 17.2 +/- 19.1 months. Thirteen @entity1 had short treatment (1.6 +/- 0.8 months) and 19 @entity1 had prolonged treatment (26.5 +/- 19.0 months). No specific characteristics distinguished @entity1 in both groups. @entity7206 were discontinued in 19 @entity1 , 10 of which had side effects. In only 5 of the 19 @entity1 treated for the prolonged period had @entity7206 to be discontinued because of side effects. Addition of @entity7206 to @entity1483 is efficacious in severe @entity712 . The combination should be started during hospitalization. Many @entity1 can be maintained on this combination for a prolonged period of time on an ambulatory basis.

title: Prolonged therapy by the combination of XXXX and @entity7206 in @entity712 and other fluid retaining conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'Left heart failure', 'heart failure', 'refractory heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides', 'Thiazides']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10010 :: ('MESH:D002740', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorothiazide', 'chlorothiazide']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 accompanied by nasofrontal duct injury require surgical correction. Extracranial approaches for anterior table osteotomies have traditionally used plain radiograph templates or a "cut-as-you-go" technique. We compared these methods with a newer technique utilizing computed tomography (CT)-guided imaging. METHODS: Data of @entity1 with acute, traumatic @entity174 and nasofrontal duct injury between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed (n = 29). Treatment groups compared were as follows: (1) CT image guidance, (2) plain radiograph template, and (3) cut-as-you-go. @entity50 was performed in all cases. Demographics, operative times, length of stay, complications, and osteotomy accuracy were recorded. RESULTS: Similar demographics, concomitant injuries, operative times, and length of stay among groups were noted. No @entity1 in the CT-guided group had perioperative complications including @entity3816 of the dura, cerebrum, or orbital structures. In the plain radiograph template group, 25% of @entity1 had inadvertent dural exposure, and 12.5% required take-back to the operating room for cranial bone graft donor site @entity1410 . In the cut-as-you-go group, 11% required hardware removal for exposure. There were no cases of @entity5173 , @entity693 , or mucocele in any group (follow-up, 29.2 months). The CT image guidance group had the most accuracy of the osteotomies (95%) compared with plain radiograph template (85%) and the cut-as-you-go group (72.5%). CONCLUSIONS: A new technique using CT image guidance for @entity174 repair offers more accurate osteotomy and elevation of the anterior table without increased operative times or untoward sequelae.

title: Computed Tomography Image Guidance for More Accurate Repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior table frontal sinus fractures', 'anterior table frontal sinus fractures', 'traumatic frontal sinus fractures']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal sinus obliteration']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Anterior Table Frontal Sinus Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1143 is a common complication of cardiac surgery, but its characteristics and predisposing factors should be documented further. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of clinically significant @entity1143 , defined as those requiring therapeutic pleural drainage according to clinical assessment. METHODS: The prevalence and characteristics of @entity1 who had a @entity1143 within 30 days of undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, valve replacement, or both were analyzed retrospectively at our institution over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Among the 2,892 @entity1 included in the study (mean age, 66 years; @entity1 , 2,139), 192 @entity1 (6.6%) had experienced a clinically significant @entity1143 in the 30 days postsurgery. These effusions occurred after a mean (+/- SD) duration of 6.6 +/- 5.9 days following interventions. Pleural fluid analysis was obtained in 114 @entity1 (59.4%); all met the criteria for an exudate. Pleural fluid was hemorrhagic in 50% of cases. Age, body weight, baseline pulmonary function, and smoking status were similar between @entity1 with and without effusion; however, the proportion of @entity1 ; the number of @entity1 with previous conditions of @entity712 , @entity955 , or @entity1095 ; and the number of @entity1 receiving therapy with an anticoagulant or antiarrhythmic agent was higher in the @entity1143 group. @entity1 with @entity1143 had an increased prevalence of @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1143 is a common complication of heart surgery, is associated with other @entity260 , and is more frequent in @entity1 and in @entity1 with associated cardiac or vascular comorbidities and medications used to treat those conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00665015.

title: XXXX following cardiac surgery: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Pleural effusions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The pathogenetic hypotheses of @entity2407 include increased activation of sympathetic noradrenergic nerves controlling muscle tone of digit arteriolar walls. Because acral sympathetic fibres contain vasoactive adrenergic and cholinergic fibres for sweat glands, we tested cholinergic sympathetic fibre function in primary @entity2407 (PRP) @entity1 by sympathetic skin response (SSR). METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 , mean age 37.8 years) with PRP were enroled prospectively. SSR was obtained by random electrical stimulation of the left ulnar nerve at the wrist recording from the palm (PSSR), third (M3SSR) and fifth fingers (U5SSR) on the right side. For each subject latency of shortest response, area of largest response and grand mean latencies and areas of 12 consecutive responses were calculated. The differences between @entity1 and a control group (15 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , mean age 38.9 years) were calculated. SSR habituation was also compared between @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: PSSRs were recorded in all @entity1 and no difference in any PSSR parameter was found between @entity1 and controls. U5SSRs and M3SSRs were absent in two @entity1 . Grand mean area and mean of largest M3SSRs and U5SSRs were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls. Grand mean latency and mean of shortest M3SSRs and U5SSRs were significantly slower in @entity1 than in controls. M3 and U5SSRs habituated less in @entity1 than in controls. INTERPRETATION: Dysregulation of cholinergic sympathetic fibres innervating the fingers was found in PRP. Abnormal peripheral mechanisms may be the cause. Since SSR habituation was also not normal, even central mechanisms may be implicated.

title: Sympathetic skin response in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

answer: @entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's phenomenon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term success of cranial cervical decompression for management of @entity235 Chiari-like @entity600 with @entity1644 (CM/SM). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n=15). METHODS: After diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) @entity235 had cranial cervical decompression with durotomy. Seven @entity235 had the durotomy patched with biocompatible collagen matrix. Clinical outcome was monitored for >12 months. RESULTS: All @entity235 either improved (80%) or were unchanged (20%) postoperatively. Postoperative MRI in 6 @entity235 revealed persistence of @entity1644 . Seven @entity235 (47%) subsequently deteriorated, 0.2-2.3 years after surgery (mean, 1.3 years) and 2 @entity235 were eventually euthanatized as a consequence. Twelve @entity235 were still alive, 1-6.5 years after surgery (mean, 2.5 years). CONCLUSION: Cranial cervical decompression surgery is associated with low mortality and morbidity, and results in clinical improvement in most @entity235 . The procedure seemingly does not result in @entity891 and resolution. Clinical improvement may not be sustained and some @entity235 can be expected to deteriorate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cranial cervical decompression surgery may have a role in management of CM/SM. In @entity235 with severe @entity158 , it can improve quality of life for several years; however, it does not appear to adequately address the primary cause of @entity1644 . Further prospective study is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder. Because this condition causes @entity9 but does not necessarily result in euthanasia more information is needed on appropriate @entity158 management for these @entity1 .

title: Chiari-like XXXX with @entity1644 in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: long-term outcome after surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['syrinx collapse']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: @entity951 is chest discomfort associated with @entity741 . When coronary blood flow is inadequate to meet myocardial tissue demand, @entity880 accumulates, resulting in @entity1002 . This leads to ST-segment abnormalities and eventually to @entity951 . @entity951 , most commonly a pressure-type sensation in the midanterior chest precipitated by exercise, stress, or cold, typically lasts 1-5 minutes and is alleviated by rest or @entity1242 . Diagnostic studies to assess @entity741 include treadmill exercise testing, Holter monitoring, and coronary angiography. Treadmill exercise testing has a relatively low accuracy for diagnosing @entity453 . This can be improved by combining exercise with thallium-201 imaging, two-dimensional echocardiography, or positron emission tomography (PET). Thallium-201 scintigraphy and exercise echocardiography have reported sensitivities of 70-85% and specificities of 50-60% when applied to low-risk, asymptomatic populations. PET scanning has a high predictive accuracy (sensitivity 90%, specificity 90-95%) and is more useful as a screening test; it can also assess the functional significance of @entity3979 and differentiate viable myocardium from infarcted tissue. Holter monitoring is too insensitive and nonspecific to be used as a screening test for @entity453 ; it can, however, assess the total ischemic burden in @entity1 with known @entity453 and correlate symptoms and ST-segment abnormalities during episodes of @entity158 at rest. Coronary angiography has been the gold standard for diagnosing @entity3979 . Quantitative angiography has improved the assessment of coronary artery narrowing but is still limited in evaluating coronary blood flow. Doppler flow studies provide useful information regarding coronary flow reserve. @entity741 as a cause of @entity662 is determined by evaluating the clinical characteristics consistent with @entity951 , correlating @entity854 with perfusion defects or wall motion abnormalities, and determining the extent and functional significance of @entity3979 by coronary angiography.

title: Excluding heart disease in the @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina pectoris', 'Angina', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excluding @entity1 with cough less than two weeks from screening for @entity1906 which is the current practice of @entity1906 control program in Ethiopia may result in delayed diagnosis thereby increasing transmission risk to others. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of smear positive @entity1907 among @entity1 presenting with cough to four health centers in Shashogo woreda, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in four health centers in Shashogo Woreda, between November 2011 and March 2012. Four-hundred and sixty one @entity1 aged five years and above attending the outpatient clinics and reporting cough of any duration were screened for @entity358 using smear microscopy. During data analysis, @entity1 were classified by duration of cough with the cut-off of two weeks. Stata version 11 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 299 @entity1 with cough of two or more weeks and 162 @entity1 with cough less than 2  weeks were recruited. The overall prevalence of smear positive @entity358 was 4.6% (95% CI: 2.6% to 7.7%). The prevalence of smear positive @entity358 among @entity1 with cough lasting two or more weeks was significantly higher compared to those @entity1 with cough lasting less than two weeks (6.0% versus 1.9%; p   =   0.04). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of smear positive @entity358 among @entity1 with cough less than 2  weeks was low, considering the contribution of delayed diagnosis for continued transmission of @entity1906 , screening @entity1 with cough less than 2  weeks might be considered for @entity1906 control. A multi-site study with large sample size is needed to substantiate the current findings.

title: Prevalence of smear positive XXXX among outpatients presenting with cough of any duration in Shashogo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: To further evaluate the significance of @entity12220 MAPK as trigger or mediator in ischaemic preconditioning, @entity11007 and @entity1441 were used to manipulate its activation status. Special attention was given to the concentration of the drugs and protocols used. The isolated perfused @entity35 heart, subjected to either 25 min global ischaemia or 35 min regional ischaemia, was used as experimental model. This was preceded by @entity11007 (2 or 5 muM: 3 x 5 min; 5 muM: 5 min or 10 min; 5 muM: 10 min + 10 min washout or 20 muM: 20 min) or @entity1441 (2 muM: 3 x 5 min; before and during 3 x 5 min or 1 x 5 min ischaemic preconditioning; 10 min). Endpoints were functional recovery during reperfusion and @entity1188 size. @entity11007 , regardless of the protocol, reduced @entity1188 size, but did not improve functional recovery. In a number of experiments activation of JNK by @entity11007 was blocked by @entity4287 (10 muM). @entity4287 had no effect on the @entity11007 -induced reduction in @entity1188 size. @entity1441 when administered for 10 min before sustained ischaemia, improved functional recovery and reduced @entity1188 size. @entity1441 could not abolish the beneficial effects of a multi-cycle preconditioning protocol, but it significantly reduced the outcome of 1 x 5 min preconditioning. In all hearts improved functional recovery and reduction in @entity1188 size were associated with attenuation of @entity12220 MAPK activation during sustained ischaemia-reperfusion. The results indicate that activation of @entity12220 MAPK acts as a trigger of preconditioning, while attenuation of its activation is a prerequisite for improved recovery and a reduction in @entity1188 size.

title: Comparison between ischaemic and XXXX -induced preconditioning: role of @entity12220 MAPK.

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['Anisomycin', 'anisomycin']

answer: @entity11007 :: (MESH:D000841,Chemical) :: ['anisomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3707 Background: Over the last decade significant improvements in the outcome for @entity1 with advanced @entity14 has been achieved. We have reviewed the prospective @entity14 database at our hospital from 1992 to 2001 to explore whether the availability of new chemotherapy drugs ( @entity2600 and @entity901 ) and surgical advances has impacted on survival. METHOD: Two time periods were analysed: 1/1/92- 31/12/97 _ 1/1/98-12/31/01 reflecting the availability of these new drugs in Australia. Two distinct @entity1 groups for each period were analysed; @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) at diagnosis _ @entity1 with Dukes A, B _ C disease ( @entity22321 ) at recurrence. RESULTS: There were a total of 541 cases diagnosed with advanced or recurrent @entity14 available for baseline characteristics. Treatment received is shown in table 1. _ has both altered _ increased with time, although overall chemotherapy use remains relatively low. The percentage of relapsing v @entity1442 reduced over time. The overall 18 month survivals pre _ post 98 are as follows; 92-97 - 33.3% (+3.9), 98-01 - 49.0% (   5.0). Median survivals were; 92-97 - 11.2 months, 98-01 - 15.1 months. Survival specifically for the @entity22321 group was higher for those diagnosed after 1998 (RR 0.63, 047-0.85). The 36 month survival for this group was 23% v 44%. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a number of factors have contributed to the trend of improved survival _ these include improved access and availability of effective chemotherapy, increased hepatic resection rates, second line chemotherapy _ improved staging diagnosing @entity1 with @entity1442 earlier, ie stage migration. Additional data will be presented. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Survival and treatment trends for advanced @entity14 ( XXXX ) treated in a University Hospital, 1992-2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Ad', 'advanced disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['CRC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite medical advances, @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ) remain at high risk of @entity204 or need for cardiac transplantation. We sought to identify predictors of disease progression in pediatric @entity384 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The Pediatric Heart Network evaluated chronic @entity384 @entity1 with prospective echocardiographic and clinical data collection during an 18-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria were age <22 years and @entity384 duration >2 months. @entity1 requiring intravenous inotropic/mechanical support or listed status 1A/1B for transplant were excluded. Disease progression was defined as an increase in transplant listing status, hospitalization for @entity712 , intravenous inotropes, mechanical support, or @entity204 . Predictors of disease progression were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling and classification and regression tree analysis. Of the 127 @entity1 , 28 (22%) had disease progression during the 18-month follow-up. Multivariable analysis identified older age at diagnosis (hazard ratio=1.14 per year; P<0.001), larger left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic M-mode dimension z-score (hazard ratio=1.49; P<0.001), and lower septal peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity z-score (hazard ratio=0.81; P=0.01) as independent predictors of disease progression. Classification and regression tree analysis stratified @entity1 at risk of disease progression with 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity based on LV end-diastolic M-mode dimension z-score >= 7.7, LV ejection fraction <39%, LV inflow propagation velocity (color M-mode) z-score <-0.28, and age at diagnosis >= 8.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with chronic stable @entity384 , a combination of diagnosis after late infancy and echocardiographic parameters of larger LV size and systolic and diastolic function predicted disease progression. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00123071.

title: Predictors of disease progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'DCM disease', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: A sustained scaled up response to global public health challenges such as @entity645 / @entity791 will require a functioning and efficient health system, based on the foundation of strong primary health care. Whilst this is necessary, it is not sufficient. Health promotion strategies need to be put into place to better engage and support families and communities in preventing disease, optimize caring, creating the demand for services and holding service providers to account. There will have to be a move away from the traditional model whereby the problem of @entity645 / @entity1906 / @entity311 is to be solved by merely increasing resources to a centralized bureaucracy that tries to increase the supply of services including health promotion messages. Development projects and programs that succeed are based on understanding of local practice and preferences, rather than on internationally 'generalized models' of how @entity1 or villages should behave and what they should want. This paper will first briefly review different approaches to scaling up health promotion interventions, some of the key obstacles in scaling up and then suggest some possible solutions with a focus on a @entity1 rights based approach. This approach changes the emphasis from the content of the message to the characteristics of a community's organisations and institutions. Scaling up occurs as a process of association between state actors and civil society that is planned strategically and involves a sharing of experience and a strong learning process among the association partners. A @entity1 rights-based approach can facilitate such an approach through developing a common vision, delineating roles and responsibility and facilitating communication channels for the most vulnerable. But this will require health development agencies to pursue a more overt political agenda.

title: Scaling up health promotion interventions in the era of XXXX / @entity791 : challenges for a rights based approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Percutaneous @entity5274 ( @entity970 ) placement by means of the "pull" method has been reported to result in a significantly higher complication rate when compared with "push" @entity970 placement. These findings have led to a renewed interest in the push, or Russell introducer, method of @entity970 placement at the authors' institution when @entity970 is required before definitive treatment of advanced @entity135 . The authors sought to determine whether the push method of @entity970 placement is associated with a lower incidence of complications in this @entity1 population. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized, retrospective @entity1 analysis. METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 presenting to the Medical College of Georgia (Augusta, GA) who received a diagnosis of @entity957 of the @entity135 and neck between 1999 to 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 who required @entity970 placement as part of their treatment comprised the study population. RESULTS: The push @entity970 technique was used in 29 @entity1 , and the pull technique was used in 50 @entity1 . There was a statistically significant difference in the complication rate between the two techniques. @entity1 who underwent placement by means of the pull technique had an overall complication rate of 30% (15 of 50) versus a 0% (0 of 29) complication rate in @entity1 undergoing the push technique (P =.0006, Fisher's Exact test). CONCLUSION: The push @entity970 technique appears to have a significantly lower risk of complications compared with the pull technique in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . The authors recommend considering the use of the push method when @entity970 placement is required.

title: 'Push' versus 'pull' percutaneous @entity5274 placement in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The introduction of early @entity439 surgery in @entity510 in the beginning of the eighties diminished the frequency of rebleeding. However, there are some objectives against early surgery due to its supposed higher morbidity. The present retrospective data elucidates the advantage of early @entity439 surgery. In 1990 and 1991 we treated 175 @entity1 with @entity510 , of which 9 had no @entity1462 . In 166 @entity1 a total of 190 @entity439 @entity600 could be found. Of 60 @entity1 with preoperative good clinical grades I and II (according to Hunt and Hess) 59 @entity1 (99%) showed good or very good results classified by the Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS). Only one @entity1 did not survive. Even in 61% of @entity1 with poor grade @entity439 (III to V by Hunt and Hess) the outcome was good to very good; 15 @entity1 (14%) survived with a distinct @entity51 (grade 3 by GOS). Only one @entity1 remained in a vegetative state. The total mortality of these 106 @entity1 with grades III to V (Hunt and Hess) was 24%, among them 15 @entity1 with preoperative grade V (Hunt and Hess). Overall it can be established, that there are no definite disadvantages of early @entity439 surgery. The benefits of early surgery are a minimized risk of rebleeding, some effects of ameliorated conditions for intensive care treatment still have to be proven. Not only @entity1 in good clinical condition (I and II by Hunt and Hess) show a good prognosis, even for @entity1 with poor grade @entity439 (III to V by Hunt and Hess) a very good or at least good result can be achieved in 61%.

title: [Acute XXXX after aneurysm rupture: results of early surgery].

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity209 are at increased risk of developing @entity65 . The combinations of the haplotype created by the alleles of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): SNP-43, -19, and -63 of the @entity40759 gene ( @entity40759 ), have been reported to be associated with the risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in many populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the @entity40759 polymorphism with @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in Korea. Overall, 382 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were genotyped according to @entity40759 SNP-43, -19, and -63. The restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for the three SNPs. The baseline presence of components of @entity209 was determined. Two hundred and sixty-five (69.4%) @entity1 had @entity209 . @entity1 with the 111/121 haplotype combination showed a higher risk of @entity101 than the other haplotype combinations (odd ratio (OR)=2.334, P=0.010). @entity1 with the 111/121 haplotype combination had a significantly high risk of @entity209 (OR=1.927, P=0.042). The results of this study suggest that a novel 111/121 haplotype combination created by the @entity40759 SNP-43, -19, and -63 increases the susceptibility to the @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Haplotype combination of @entity40759 gene polymorphism is associated with @entity209 in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: @entity2257 ( @entity2257 ) is an uncommon and @entity5 . In some @entity1 , however, @entity2257 has been found to coexist with or to precede the development of an @entity4348 similarly to @entity1869 . The molecular changes underlying the progression from @entity2257 to @entity420 are unknown. DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue of 6 APAs was evaluated for @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation, and @entity3546 mutations. Tissue sections were also subjected to @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity3546 immunostaining. @entity124 was not detected in any case. Two @entity5 exhibited @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation and showed focal negative MHL-1 immunostaining; 1 of these showed marked architectural complexity and cellular pleomorphism. Five cases presented @entity3546 nuclear immunoreactivity, but none of them had @entity3546 mutations. The results of this study suggest that @entity2257 and @entity1869 may share some molecular alterations. Some APAs exhibit @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation with focal lack of @entity6756 immunostaining, a molecular abnormality involved in the transition from complex atypical @entity1373 to @entity4348 .

title: Molecular pathology of XXXX of the uterus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity2257 :: ('MESH:D018194', 'Disease') :: ['APA', 'Atypical polypoid adenomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor of the uterus', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['complex endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2257 :: (MESH:D018194,Disease) :: ['atypical polypoid adenomyoma']


abstract: More than 100 drugs are used to treat the many different @entity5 . They can be divided into agents with relatively broad, non-targeted specificity and targeted drugs developed on the basis of a more refined understanding of individual @entity5 and directed at specific molecular targets on different @entity5 cells. Individual drugs in both groups have been classified on the basis of their mechanism of action in killing @entity5 cells. The targeted drugs include proteasome inhibitors, toxic chimeric proteins and signal transduction inhibitors such as @entity669 kinase (non-receptor and receptor), @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, histone deacetylase and @entity1 target of @entity3446 inhibitors. Increasingly used targeted vascular ( @entity7 ) and platelet-derived endothelial growth factor blockade can provoke a range of pathological consequences. Many of the non-targeted drugs are cytotoxic, suppressing haematopoiesis as well as provoking @entity99 . Cytotoxic side effects of the targeted drugs occur less often and usually with less severity, but they show their own unusual adverse effects including, for example, a lengthened QT interval, a characteristic @entity1910 , @entity5806 and a hand-foot skin reaction variant. The term @entity56 is widely used across a number of disciplines but not always with the same definition in mind, and the terminology needs to be standardised. This is particularly apparent in @entity5 chemotherapy where anti-neoplastic drug-induced @entity882 , @entity1398 , @entity417 , @entity455 , @entity99 and @entity358 as well as many dermatological manifestations sometimes have an immune basis. The most insidious of all adverse consequences of targeted therapies, however, are @entity5 adaptation, increased @entity5 and the invasive metastatic switch seen with anti-angiogenic drugs that inhibit the @entity7 pathway. Adverse reactions to 44 non-targeted and 33 targeted, frequently used, chemotherapeutic drugs are presented together with discussions of diagnosis, premedications, desensitizations and importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying the various drug-induced reactions. There is need for wide-ranging acceptance of what constitutes a @entity56 reaction and for allergists to be more involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chemotherapeutic drug-induced @entity56 reactions.

title: Adverse reactions to targeted and non-targeted chemotherapeutic drugs with emphasis on XXXX responses and the invasive metastatic switch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'cutaneous eruptions and vascular, lung and liver injury']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['papulopustular rash']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity11711 5 mg and 10 mg nasal spray (ZNS) vs placebo in the acute treatment of @entity2686 . Design/ METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, three-period crossover study using ZNS 5 mg, ZNS 10 mg, and placebo. @entity10 intensity was rated by a 5-point scale: none, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe. The primary efficacy measure was @entity10 response ( @entity158 reduced from moderate, severe, or very severe at baseline, to mild or none) at 30 minutes. Logistic regression was used to account for treatment period effect as well as for @entity2686 subtype effect. RESULTS: A total of 52 adult @entity1 treated 151 attacks. For the primary endpoint, both doses reached significance at 30 minutes (placebo = 30%, ZNS 5 mg = 50%, ZNS 10 mg = 63.3%). For @entity10 relief, ZNS 10 mg separated from placebo at 10 minutes (24.5% vs 10%). @entity11711 5 mg separated from placebo at 20 minutes (38.5% vs 20%). For @entity158 , ZNS 10 mg was superior to placebo at 15 minutes (22.0% vs 6%). Both doses had higher @entity158 -free rates than placebo at 30 minutes (placebo = 20%, ZNS 5 mg = 38.5%, ZNS 10 mg = 46.9%). Side effects were mild and seen in 16% of those attacks treated with placebo, 25% of attacks treated with ZNS 5 mg, and 32.7% treated with ZNS 10 mg. CONCLUSIONS/RELEVANCE: @entity11711 nasal spray, at doses of 5 and 10 mg, is effective and tolerable for the acute treatment of @entity2686 .

title: @entity11711 nasal spray in the acute treatment of XXXX : a double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11711 :: ('MESH:C089750', 'Chemical') :: ['Zolmitriptan', 'zolmitriptan']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-free status', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headache']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 39-year-old @entity1 presented with normokalaemic therapy refractory arterial @entity101 despite of four antihypertensive drugs for further diagnostics. INVESTIGATIONS: Ultrasound displayed no evidence of @entity2791 . Furthermore, the kidneys were normal sized and morphologically without pathological findings. Renal function was normal. Free @entity701 and @entity2922 levels in a 24-hr-urine sample were within the normal range. Plasma @entity916 activity was reduced and both the plasma @entity1369 concentration and the @entity1369 to @entity916 ratio were elevated. A saline infusion test showed no suppression of the plasma @entity1369 concentration, nor did an orthostatic testing show an increase. MRI revealed an @entity652 of the right adrenal gland. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: The results were consistent with @entity1368 due to an @entity1369 -producing @entity652 . The @entity1 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The histological findings confirmed an @entity652 . Three months later, blood pressure was normal under a single treatment regimen with an @entity1129 (1) receptor blocker. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for endocrine causes of @entity101 is recommended in young @entity1 , therapy refractory @entity101 , and in hypokalaemic @entity101 . Normokalaemia does not exclude @entity1368 as the underlying cause of @entity101 .

title: [Normokalaemic @entity1368 due to an @entity1369 -producing adrenal XXXX --Case 06/2009].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the adrenal gland', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity794 isolates were recovered from @entity95 carcasses and cuts during a period of seven months. Samples from 51 different animals, flocks and farms were obtained from five establishments in four Spanish provinces. To determine their diversity and possible origin, isolates were typed by three molecular and three phenotypic methods. PFGE, with the highest discrimination index (D=0.966), identified 19 patterns (more than one band difference) and 10 types (more than three band differences). Based on > or = 90% similarity, RAPD (D=0.877) produced nine patterns while ribotyping (D=0.786) produced seven types. On the basis of biotyping (D=0.644), 11 isolates belonged to @entity1 ecovars and 15 to the non-host-specific crystal violet type C (NHS CV:C) biotypes. By direct phage typing (D=0.761), 17 isolates were lysed by @entity1 phages into groups II (8 isolates), III (5 isolates), I/III (2 isolates) and V (2 isolates). The overall resistance to antimicrobials (D=0.783) was 76.9%, with most isolates being resistant to @entity803 (61.5%) and @entity3397 (26.9%). PFGE showed that samples from each processing plant carried different @entity794 types, some of them persisting over time. There also was evidence of interestablishment dissemination of genetically related clones, most of them belonging to the PFGE type A and phenotype "NHS CV:C biotypes-3A/3C/55/71 phage type", which is highly virulent for European commercial rabbitries. The ubiquity of the virulent phenotype, as well as the high incidence of resistance to antibiotics with application in @entity1 medicine, is a matter of concern in public and animal health.

title: Molecular and phenotypic typing of XXXX isolates from @entity95 meat.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: We evaluated a latex agglutination assay method for concentration of plasmin/ @entity7426 complex (PPI) developed recently. The latex reagent consisted of two kinds of latex particles, one was coated with monoclonal antibody against plasmin (JIPPI-3) and another coated with monoclonal antibody against modified @entity7426 (JIPPI-50). A correlation of concentrations of PPI between this method and ordinary EIA kit was very good (r = 0.969). Within-run precision of latex agglutination reagent also was good. The concentrations of PPI in plasmas of 40 in 43 normal subjects were 0-0.8 microgram/ml and others were 0.8-1.6 microgram/ml. Plasma levels of PPI were markedly elevated in @entity1 with DIC. In addition, half of the @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity409 had increased levels of PPI. 16 of 32 cases with selected diseases (18 @entity5 , 4 @entity409 , 2 @entity166 , 2 cerebral contusions, 6 others) showed abnormal levels in PPI (> or = 0.8 microgram/ml) during several days preceding the elevation of FDP. It suggested that PPI could reflect fibrinolysis earlier than FDP. This latex agglutination assay is a simple and rapid method, and specific for the determination of PPI concentration as well as EIA method. We conclude that this assay method is very convenient for clinical use.

title: [Evaluation of a latex agglutination assay method for the determination of plasmin/ XXXX complex].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity7426 :: ('5345', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity7426 :: (5345,Gene) :: ['alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that local thermal therapy with a hot pack or paraffin relieves @entity158 . We hypothesized that systemic warming may decrease @entity158 and improve the outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1118 . The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of systemic thermal therapy in @entity1 with @entity1118 . METHODS: Group A (n = 24) @entity1 with @entity1118 were treated by a multidisciplinary treatment including cognitive behavioral therapy, rehabilitation, and exercise therapy, whereas group B (n = 22) @entity1 were treated by a combination of multidisciplinary treatment and repeated thermal therapy. A far-infrared ray dry sauna therapy and post-sauna warming were performed once a day for 4 weeks during hospitalization. We investigated the improvements in subjective symptoms, the number of @entity158 behavior after treatment and outcomes 2 years after discharge. RESULTS: The visual analog @entity158 score, number of @entity158 behavior, self-rating @entity308 scale, and anger score significantly decreased after treatment in both groups. After treatment, the number of @entity158 behavior was slightly smaller (p = 0.07) and anger score was significantly lower in group B than those in group A (p = 0.05). Two years after treatment, 17 @entity1 (77%) in group B returned to work compared with 12 @entity1 (50%) in group A (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a combination of multidisciplinary treatment and repeated thermal therapy may be a promising method for treatment of @entity1118 .

title: The effects of repeated thermal therapy for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: 1. Secretions were aspirated from a @entity1 with no history of @entity358 . 2. Mucus glycoproteins, which exhibited blood group A activity, were separated into @entity14942 ( @entity14942 )- and @entity1068 -precipitable fractions. 3. The cetavlon-precipitable @entity3558 was pure by analytical ultracentrifugation and upon chemical analysis had a composition typical for @entity3558 preparations. 4. The fraction that precipitated with @entity1068 was found to bind tightly to proteins of a basic nature from which it could be separated by using 6 M @entity1133 . 5. This non-covalent interaction may explain the lack of precipitation of this mucus glycoprotein by cetavlon. 6. These basic proteins may be important in determining the rheological behavior of mucociliary secretions.

title: Binding of basic proteins to glycoproteins in XXXX bronchial secretions.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorder']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['cetyltrimethylammonium bromide', 'cetavlon']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO) has been controversial after myeloablative allogeneic Stem cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ). Reduced intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) offer a novel approach that might translate into a different profile of erythropoietic recovery. We treated 20 consecutive @entity1 with rHuEPO early after matched sibling RIC allo- @entity12497 . Conditioning included @entity3118 , @entity1863 and antithymocyte globulin. EPO treatment was analyzed in terms of @entity137 , impact on the frequency of Red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) and kinetics of Hemoglobin recovery within the 60 days post-allo- @entity12497 . Results were compared with 27 matched @entity1 who did not receive rHuEPO. In the first 2 months after allo- @entity12497 all @entity1 receiving rHuEPO (100%) achieved an Hb level > 11 g/dl at a median of 30 (15-35) days post-allo- @entity12497 , as compared to only 63% of the @entity1 not receiving rHuEPO (P = 0.007) at a median of 35 (20-55) days (P = 0.03). A total of 70% (95% CI, 50-90) of rHuEPO @entity1 maintained an Hb over 11 g/dl in the second month as compared to only 19% (95% CI, 4-34) in the other group (P = 0.0004). For @entity1 receiving RBCT, the use of rHuEPO was associated with a trend towards reduced RBCT requirements. This pilot study suggests a potential benefit of early administration of rHuEPO after RIC allo- @entity12497 on early erythropoietic recovery.

title: Early administration of recombinant XXXX improves hemoglobin recovery after reduced intensity conditioned allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: A 33-yr-old Japanese @entity1 , married, no parity, was treated for @entity46 . @entity1872 400 mg a day was initiated on September 25, 1986, for 21 consecutive days. She became severely @entity1142 and had @entity490 . Five days later, she had to be admitted to the hospital, because she had had no bowel movements for 12 days and the @entity490 was severe. On the day after admission, she had frequent @entity158 . The stool was blood-tinged, but pathogenic bacteria were nil. @entity63 of the stricture type was identified. She was treated with hyperalimentation and anticholinergic agents. At 3 months and 5 days after discharge from hospital, @entity1872 400 mg per day was readministered, and 11 days later, the @entity1 again became @entity1142 and complained of the same @entity158 in the left flank. We consider that @entity1872 -induced @entity1142 played a role in the onset of the @entity63 .

title: @entity63 in a 33-year-old @entity1 on @entity1872 treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis', 'Ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1872 :: ('MESH:D003613', 'Chemical') :: ['Danazol', 'danazol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['left lower abdominal colic pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful bowel movements', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation', 'constipated']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the property of latent mobility in @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) and discuss its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case series of 14 @entity1 with 14 painful @entity3814 who were comfortably confined to the supine position overnight for the purpose of vertebral height restoration. There was sufficient additional vertebral height restoration the following morning to allow percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) in some @entity1 when this had initially been deemed unsafe or technically impossible. Anterior vertebral height of the index VCF was measured from the preoperative standing lateral, immediate cross-table supine lateral, and postconfinement cross-table supine lateral radiographs as well as the first postoperative standing lateral radiograph. Dynamic mobility was defined as the difference in anterior vertebral height between preoperative standing lateral and immediate cross-table supine lateral radiographs. Latent mobility was defined as difference in anterior vertebral height between immediate cross-table supine lateral and postconfinement cross-table supine lateral radiographs. Postoperative vertebral height restoration was defined as the difference in anterior vertebral height between preoperative and first postoperative standing lateral radiographs. Mean @entity1 age was 81.0 years, and mean fracture age was 83.6 days. RESULTS: Dynamic mobility averaged +4.7 mm (range, -2.1 to +12.6 mm; P = .001). Latent mobility averaged +2.7 mm (range, -1.9 to +15.5; P < .02). The average sum of preoperative dynamic and latent mobility (+7.4 mm; range -1.0 to +17.0; P < .001) was not different from final postoperative vertebral height restoration (P > .4). PV was successfully accomplished in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Latent mobility occurs in some @entity3814 and contributes to vertebral height restoration. Recognition of latent mobility may permit vertebroplasty in some @entity1 in whom the procedure had otherwise been deemed unsafe. Reports of vertebral height restoration following vertebral augmentation should account for that proportion resulting from dynamic and latent mobility.

title: Latent mobility of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'VCFs', 'osteoporotic VCFs']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: On June 26-27, 2001, the Sixth Research Roundtable in @entity1582 , entitled "The Role of the Bone Microenvironment in @entity1582 ," was held and focused on the biology of cell-to-cell interactions, the mediators of @entity79 , and novel treatment strategies for @entity1582 . Studies on cell-cell interactions showed that @entity4725 , expressed by local endothelial and stromal cells, binds to @entity5 cell surface integrins in which expression may be increased by @entity5 cell-derived chemokines such as @entity10557 . These adhesive interactions increase production and release of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Studies on @entity79 showed the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB ( @entity5298 ) was expressed on @entity5 cells and stromal cells associated with @entity1582 cells and was critical for osteoclast-induced @entity3061 . Blockade of @entity5298 suppressed osteoclast maturation, bone resorption, and @entity5 development. @entity171 , in addition to reducing osteoclast mobility and inducing osteoclast apoptosis, also decreased @entity5 cell adhesion to stroma. Immunomodulatory drugs such as @entity2816 analogues targeted these @entity5 cell-stromal cell interactions, blocking both secretion of cytokines and activation of intracellular signaling pathways required for @entity5 survival and growth. These agents induced @entity5 cell apoptosis, decreased neovascularization, and potentiated natural killer cell activity. The proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 also prevented expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines and triggered @entity5 cell apoptosis, even in drug-resistant cell lines, while showing minimal activity in healthy cells. In addition, potential therapeutic agents under investigation, which included @entity5298 antagonists, protein prenylation inhibitors, and osteoblast growth factors, were discussed.

title: Role of the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple Myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease', 'myeloma bone disease']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Although @entity742 erythrocytes (SRBCs) are extensively used as an antigen in immunological studies, their histological distribution in lymphoid tissues has received little attention. The objective of this study was to determine the histological distribution of injected SRBCs in @entity35 spleen. SRBCs were labelled with @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) to facilitate their identification in spleen sections with fluorescence microscopy. @entity35 received intravenous injections of @entity2823 -labelled SRBCs and were sacrificed at various periods after injection. At 15 min, SRBCs were distributed throughout the marginal zone and red pulp. After 4 h, intact SRBCs were located mainly in the red pulp, while the marginal zone contained fluorescent flocculent material. At later periods this material was present in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) and in the light and dark zones of the germinal centers. By 12 h, the most intensely labelled areas in the white pulp were the crescent-shaped light zones. In 12 and 24 h, the PALS contained numerous foci of labelled granules. Some of the dark zones also contained label. After 48 h, the only areas containing label were the light zones of the germinal centers.

title: Distribution of XXXX erythrocytes as antigens in @entity35 spleen.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a practice nurse led strategy to improve the notification and treatment of partners of @entity1 with @entity1047 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 27 general practices in the Bristol and Birmingham areas. @entity1 : 140 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1047 (index cases) diagnosed by screening of a home collected urine sample or vulval swab specimen. INTERVENTIONS: Partner notification at the general practice immediately after diagnosis by trained practice nurses, with telephone follow up by a health adviser; or referral to a specialist health adviser at a genitourinary medicine clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was the proportion of index cases with at least one treated sexual partner. Specified secondary outcomes included the number of sexual contacts elicited during a sexual history, positive test result for @entity1047 six weeks after treatment, and the cost of each strategy in 2003 sterling prices. RESULTS: 65.3% (47/72) of @entity1 receiving practice nurse led partner notification had at least one partner treated compared with 52.9% (39/68) of those referred to a genitourinary medicine clinic (risk difference 12.4%, 95% confidence interval -1.8% to 26.5%). Of 68 @entity1 referred to the clinic, 21 (31%) did not attend. The costs per index case were 32.55 pounds sterling for the practice nurse led strategy and 32.62 pounds sterling for the specialist referral strategy. CONCLUSION: Practice based partner notification by trained nurses with telephone follow up by health advisers is at least as effective as referral to a specialist health adviser at a genitourinary medicine clinic, and costs the same. Trial registration Clinical trials: NCT00112255.

title: Partner notification of XXXX in primary care: randomised controlled trial and analysis of resource use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia infection', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1012 Background: @entity1 who carry a @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation are at increased risk for @entity5344 . Bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy (BPO) has been shown to decrease the risk of @entity43 by 85-96%, and the risk of @entity0 by 50%. Therefore, for mutation carriers, prophylactic oophorectomy is recommended after completion of childbearing. Recent studies have found disparate rates of BPO among @entity6069 carriers, ranging from 27 to 60%. We conducted a review to determine the rate of BPO use among our @entity6069 carrier population. METHODS: Clinical charts were reviewed to evaluate the use of BPO among our population of @entity6069 carriers. @entity1 included female @entity5345 / @entity2674 carriers registered at the Cancer Risk Clinic. @entity1 with a history of @entity43 , therapeutic oophorectomy and metastatic @entity0 at the time of genetic testing were excluded. RESULTS: 80 @entity5345 or @entity2674 carriers in the Cancer Risk Clinic between January 1996 and December 2003 were included. The age at genetic testing ranged from 25 to 71 years old, and 75% were older than 35 at the time of genetic testing. 69 (86%) @entity1 were Caucasian, 9 (11%) were African-American and 2 (3%) were Hispanic. 55 (69%) were @entity5345 carriers and 25 (31%) were @entity2674 carriers. All @entity1 received genetic counseling regarding risk reduction options including surveillance, prophylactic surgeries and chemoprevention. 9 (11%) @entity1 had a BPO prior to genetic testing, based on family history alone. An additional 32 @entity1 (40%) had undergone BPO at the time of analysis. 21 (66%) of these @entity1 had a BPO within 12 months of receiving their test results. 29 (53%) of the @entity5345 carriers and 12 (48%) of the @entity2674 carriers underwent BPO. Of the 9 African-American carriers 3 (33%) had a BPO, while neither of the 2 Hispanic carriers underwent BPO. CONCLUSIONS: Over 50% of our @entity5345 and @entity2674 carriers underwent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy due to a family history suggestive of @entity5344 or genetic testing revealing a @entity6069 mutation. BPO is an acceptable method of risk reduction. Extended follow-up is necessary, as one-third of @entity1 delayed their decision to have BPO over one year after test disclosure. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Prophylactic oophorectomy in XXXX carriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity6069 :: (672;675,Gene) :: ['BRCA1/2']


abstract: AIMS: In Germany medical rehabilitation has to be initiated by members of statutory pension fund and health insurances. This often leads to delays in the application for and provision of rehabilitation services. Since January 2000 a regional statutory pension fund for blue collar workers (LVA Schleswig-Holstein), 4 statutory health insurances and their medical service @entity32323 have been evaluating a pro-active system to offer rehabilitation to certain member groups. Its acceptance, performance and outcomes were evaluated within a randomized controlled study. METHODS: Over one year actively insured (i. e. working) members of the a. m. institutions were screened for @entity717 due to @entity85 ( @entity1479 -10: M05 - 25, @entity29228 - 54, M60 - 99). Based on further inclusion criteria eligible @entity1 were randomized either to an intervention (invitation, counselling, application support) or control (usual care) group. At baseline and six and 12 months all @entity1 completed a postal questionnaire enquiring about various health status aspects (secondary outcomes). Information on sick leave (cases, days), hospital treatment and disability pension was based on administrative data (primary outcomes). Analyses were run on an intention to treat-, per protocol-, as actual-, and matched pairs-basis. RESULTS: 230 @entity1 gave written informed consent (IG: n = 134, KG: n = 96). Within 6 months after study entry 69% of the IG- and 20 % of the KG-members participated in a 3 week in- @entity1 multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Compared to 6 months prior to the study the occurrence of sick leave due to @entity85 was clearly reduced during follow-up between month 6 and 12, however with no significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, IG and CG did not differ in any other primary and secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our expectations the IG-members do not seem to benefit from the PETRA-programme including inpatient rehabilitation.

title: [Offering multidisciplinary medical rehabilitation to workers with @entity717 due to XXXX : results of randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['longer work disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the effect of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus a low energy diet (LED) on physical fitness, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms in overweight individuals with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND DESIGN: Seventy non-diabetic @entity1 with @entity453 , a BMI>28 kg/m(2) and aged 45 to 75 years were randomised to 12 weeks' AIT at 90% peak heart rate three times a week or LED (800-1000 kcal/day) for 8-10 weeks followed by 2-4 weeks' weight maintenance diet. RESULTS: Twenty-six (74%) AIT and 29 (83%) LED @entity1 completed intervention per protocol. VO2peak (mL/kg fat free mass(0.67)/min) increased by 10.4% (p   =   0.002) following AIT, whereas no change was observed after LED (-3.0%, p   =   0.095). The LED group lost 10.6% body weight and 26.6% body fat mass (p   <   0.001) compared to 1.6% (p   =   0.002) and 5.5% (p   <   0.001) following AIT. Waist circumference and visceral abdominal fat were reduced by both interventions but were most pronounced following LED (between-group, p   <   0.001). Total @entity165 , non-HDL-C and @entity1674 decreased significantly in both groups whereas HDL-C and blood pressure were unchanged. Six @entity1 had their antihypertensive treatment reduced following LED (between-group, p   =   0.032). @entity65 ( @entity65 ), New York Heart Association (NYHA) and @entity148 scores were improved, while depressive symptoms remained unchanged. Intention-to-treat analyses including 65 @entity1 (93%) were similar to per protocol analysis. CONCLUSION: Both interventions were feasible and effective in achieving the desired effects. LED was superior in improving body composition and blood pressure, whereas effects on lipids and symptoms were similar in the two groups. Thus, both AIT and LED improve the cardiovascular risk profile in overweight individuals with contemporarily treated @entity453 .

title: A randomised trial comparing weight loss with aerobic exercise in overweight individuals with XXXX : The CUT-IT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CCS', 'Canadian Cardiovascular Society']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1746 ( @entity1746 ) is a major long-term complication of radical surgery. We aimed to estimate the incidence and grading of @entity1746 in @entity1 who underwent lymphadenectomy and to evaluate risk factors associated with @entity1746 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 358 @entity1 with cervical, endometrial, and @entity43 who underwent transabdominal complete systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy between 1997 and 2011. @entity1746 was graded according to criteria of the International Society of Lymphology. Incidence of @entity1746 and its correlation with various clinical characteristics were investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards methods. RESULTS: Overall incidence of @entity1746 was 21.8% (stage 1, 60%; stage 2, 32%; and stage 3, 8%). Cumulative incidence increased with observation period: 12.9% at 1 year, 20.3% at 5 years, and 25.4% at 10 years. Age, @entity5 type, stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), body mass index, hysterectomy type, lymphocyst formation, lymph node @entity3 , and chemotherapy were not associated with @entity1746 . Multivariate analysis confirmed that removal of circumflex iliac lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.09-8.77; P < 0.0001), @entity2688 (HR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.03-5.98; P < 0.0001), and number of removed lymph nodes (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P = 0.038) were independent risk factors for @entity1746 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity1746 incidence increased over time. The results of the present study showed a significant correlation with removal of circumflex iliac lymph nodes and @entity2688 with the incidence of @entity1746 . Multicenter or prospective studies are required to clarify treatment efficacies.

title: Prevalence, Classification, and Risk Factors for Postoperative Lower Extremity Lymphedema in XXXX With Gynecologic Malignancies: A Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['LEL', 'Lower extremity lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE:: To compare Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) optic disc parameters and structure-function correlation between @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and @entity9998 ( @entity9998 ). DESIGN:: Prospective, observation case series. @entity1 AND METHODS:: A total of 54 @entity725 and 33 @entity9998 cases, consecutively recruited from a University @entity726 Service, underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including HRT optic disc imaging. @entity726 required the presence of both @entity2383 . One eye per subject was included in the analysis. T test, Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of covariance were used to compare HRT parameters between @entity725 and @entity9998 , adjusting for age, @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) in the visual field, intraocular pressure, and disc area. The correlation between HRT and @entity5494 was assessed in each group. RESULTS:: Cup area (P=0.048), height variation contour (P=0.016), and cup/disc area ratio (P=0.023) were higher in @entity725 , whereas the mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P=0.048), retinal nerve fiber layer cross-section area (P=0.044), and rim area (P=0.048) were lower in @entity725 , compared with @entity9998 . The correlation of HRT parameters with @entity5494 was significant only in the @entity725 group. CONCLUSIONS:: At a similar level of functional damage, @entity725 subjects presented with more pronounced structural damage than @entity9998 subjects. The correlation between @entity227 was more evident in @entity725 , compared with @entity9998 .

title: Structure-Function Correlation Using Confocal Laser Ophthalmoscope in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['HRT and visual field parameters']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['PEXG', 'pseudoexfoliative glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'Glaucoma definition']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural and functional damage']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma']


abstract: The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 in @entity1 with relapsed or @entity43 in the context of a large multicentre study performed in the UK and Eire. @entity1 with previously treated @entity189 of the @entity5274 who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were entered in the study. Eligibility criteria included: measurable or evaluable disease; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2; up to three prior chemotherapy regimens, one of which had to contain a @entity902 agent; adequate haematological, @entity177 ; and no significant cardiac history. @entity1 received either 175 mg m-2 or 135 mg m-2 @entity1311 . The lower dose was administered to @entity1 who had received more than two prior chemotherapy regimens. @entity1311 was given by i.v. infusion over 3 h every 21 days. Response was assessed at three-cycle intervals or earlier if required. A total of 155 @entity1 were registered for the study in the UK of whom 140 were eligible for response and @entity137 evaluation, and 12 @entity1 were assessed for @entity137 only. Hair loss was the most frequently reported @entity137 , with 74% (119/152) of @entity1 reporting grade 3 @entity1665 . The most frequently reported serious @entity137 was @entity1398 , with 49% (74/152) of @entity1 experiencing @entity1398 grade 3 or 4. The response rate was 16% [two complete responders (CR), 20 partial responders (PR)], the median duration of response was 275 days and median survival was 244 days. @entity1311 is active in relapsed and @entity902 -resistant @entity43 . It is well tolerated and can be given in an out- @entity1 setting. The UK and Eire experience is very similar to that of US investigators in this group of @entity1 . Further work is required to assess the optimal use of the drug in both first- and second-line therapy.

title: @entity1311 ( XXXX ) in relapsed and @entity43 : the UK and Eire experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epithelial ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ovary or fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Taxol']