abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8702 are the most common @entity5 of childhood and can cause @entity4457 secondary to occlusion of the pupil, @entity9340 , or strabismus. We undertook this study to describe the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity8702 and to propose a classification system to guide clinical treatment decisions. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of 129 @entity1 with 132 @entity8702 in two pediatric ophthalmology practices was conducted. @entity2695 were classified based on size. Presence of aniosometropic @entity940 , ptosis, @entity2300 , lid margin change, proptosis, globe displacement, and strabismus was recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity2695 measured less than 1 cm in greatest dimension and were not associated with amblyogenic factors. Seventy-five @entity1 had @entity2695 that measured greater than 1 cm, 40 of which were associated with @entity4457 . Eighteen @entity1 had @entity2695 that could not be measured and 14 of these were associated with @entity4457 . Five of seven @entity2695 in six @entity1 with @entity22512 were associated with @entity4457 . CONCLUSION: This study is the largest review of @entity8702 of the orbit and eyelids. Our findings suggest that size greater than 1 cm in largest diameter is an important predictor of amblyogenic factors and approximately half of these @entity1 will require treatment. Diffuse @entity2695 and @entity2695 in @entity1 with @entity22512 will cause @entity4457 in the majority of cases.

title: Risk factors for @entity4457 in @entity1 with XXXX of the eyelids and orbit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity22512 :: ('MESH:C537892', 'Disease') :: ['PHACES syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hemangiomas', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary hemangiomas', 'capillary hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity8702 :: (MESH:D018324,Disease) :: ['capillary hemangiomas']


abstract: The ultrastructure of the progressive testicular involution with advancing age in @entity1 is reviewed. There is no definite age at which testicular involution begins, and the onset and severity of @entity75 are subjected to pronounced individual variations. Hormone studies also indicate great individual variations, and subtle changes in both the testis and the pituitary develop progressively with age. Testicular size, sperm quality, and numbers of all germ cell types, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells decrease with age. The volume occupied by the seminiferous tubules decreases, whereas that occupied by the testicular interstitium remains constant. The most frequent histological pattern of the aging testis is a mosaic of different seminiferous tubule lesions, varying from tubules with complete, although reduced, spermatogenesis, to completely sclerosed tubules. The tubules with complete spermatogenesis may show @entity154 in the germ cells, including multinucleation. Abnormal germ cells degenerate causing Sertoli cell vacuolation. These vacuoles correspond to dilations of the extracellular spaces resulting from the premature exfoliation of germ cells. Degenerating cells that are phagocytosed by the Sertoli cells give rise to an accumulation of lipid droplets in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. The loss of germ cells begins with the spermatids, but progressively affects the earlier germ cell types, and tubules with maturation arrest at the level of the spermatocytes or spermatogonia are observed. The Sertoli cells show @entity154 such as dedifferentiation, mitochondrial @entity4648 , and multinucleation. Germ cell loss is associated with thickening of the tunica propria. When all seminiferous epithelial cells have disappeared, only an intensely collagenized tunica propria with myoid cells remains (sclerosed tubules). The Leydig cells progressively dedifferentiate with a decrease in the quantity of both smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, together with an accumulation of lipid droplets, crystalline inclusions, and residual bodies, and formation of multinucleate cells. The development of tubular involution with age is similar to that observed after experimental @entity63 , suggesting that @entity455 may play an important role in age-related @entity194 .

title: Ultrastructure of the aging XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological abnormalities', 'numerous morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['testicular lesions']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The negative chronotropic effect of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on the sinoatrial node fades in the continuous presence of @entity1617 as a result of desensitization. We have investigated the mechanism underlying desensitization in single @entity95 sinoatrial node cells using the whole cell patch clamp technique. The negative chronotropic effect resulting from the injection of a constant hyperpolarizing current faded. @entity1617 activated an inwardly rectifying @entity972 current (iK, @entity1617 ), which faded in the continuous presence of @entity1617 . @entity1617 had no effect on "basal" L-type @entity460 current (iCa), but @entity1617 decreased iCa, which had been potentiated by @entity3044 . This effect did not fade during a 2-min exposure to @entity1617 . @entity1617 decreased the hyperpolarization-activated current (i(f)). This effect again did not fade. These results suggest that desensitization of the negative chronotropic response to @entity1617 is, in part, the result of the membrane hyperpolarization and, in part, the result of the fade of iK, @entity1617 . These results also suggest that, whereas the activation of @entity972 current by @entity1617 rapidly fades, the effects resulting from the inhibition of @entity1920 cyclase do not.

title: Desensitization to XXXX in single sinoatrial node cells isolated from @entity95 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Recent studies have suggested that alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists prevent neuronal cell death in a number of animal models, although the mechanism of alpha(2)-neuroprotection remains unclear. In a @entity2479 model, the alpha(2)-specific agonist @entity16495 (1 mg/kg i.p.) preserves approximately 80% of the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave. The protective effect of @entity16495 is completely blocked by coadministration of the alpha(2)- antagonist @entity3160 . @entity16495 treatment preserves the ERG b-wave if animals are treated 1 or 3 h before @entity63 , but has no effect if it is injected during @entity63 . The 3-h pretreatment effect is blocked by i.v. injection of @entity3160 2 h later (1 h before @entity63 ). A comparison of vitreous humor @entity2227 levels between untreated and @entity16495 -treated eyes shows that 1) after @entity63 , @entity2227 levels rise 2- to 3-fold in the untreated animals, and 2) @entity2227 levels in the @entity16495 -treated animals are comparable to the nonischemic controls. Hence, the mechanism for @entity16495 -mediated protection in the @entity2479 model requires activation of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors immediately before and during @entity63 . These data suggest that activation of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor may reduce @entity63 by preventing the accumulation of extracellular @entity2227 and @entity492 .

title: alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor agonists inhibit vitreal @entity2227 and XXXX accumulation and preserve retinal function after transient @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic retinal injury']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['Brimonidine', 'brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: @entity1707 blastocysts exhibit a transient period of @entity172 production at periimplantation, with a second, more sustained period of @entity172 synthesis occurring in endometrium and placenta at later pregnancy. Previously we reported the isolation of cDNA clones encoding a novel isoform of @entity42518 (the terminal enzyme in the @entity172 biosynthetic pathway) from porcine periimplantation blastocysts. The present study investigated pregnancy-associated expression, in blastocysts and maternal reproductive tract tissues of this and an additional mRNA transcript encoding a distinct P450 aromatase isoform. Restriction endonuclease and @entity377 sequence analyses of 44 cDNA clones demonstrated that the major aromatase mRNA in periimplantation blastocysts and early-pregnancy endometrium and placenta (blastocyst-type) differed in sequence from the major aromatase mRNA expressed in endometrium and placenta at midpregnancy (endometrial-type). The deduced blastocyst and endometrial aromatase isoform protein sequences had 93% similarity. A third type of aromatase mRNA, deleted in exons 4-6 sequences, also was cloned from blastocysts. This cDNA was identical in @entity377 sequence to the blastocyst full-length aromatase cDNA and specified an open reading frame of 354 @entity1522 for a putative aromatase-related protein containing the @entity1446 -binding domain. Expression of this shorter mRNA in blastocysts was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The 5'-untranslated exon sequences in the transcripts encoding the blastocyst-type aromatase isoform were distinct from that of the endometrial type, consistent with differential expression of multiple chromosomal genes. In periimplantation @entity1641 embryos, however, embryonic and placental 5'-untranslated exon-containing transcripts were coexpressed. Results identify an aromatase isoform expressed in the endometrium and placenta at midpregnancy, demonstrate a transition in synthesis of aromatase isoform-specific mRNAs during placental development, and suggest the preferential involvement of the blastocyst aromatase isoform in synthesis of estrogenic molecules that may function in embryo-maternal signaling at periimplantation.

title: A developmental switch in expression from blastocyst to endometrial/placental-type @entity42518 genes in the @entity1707 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: @entity2698 of the meninges are rare @entity5 . Three @entity5 of this type with a course over more than 10 years each are reported. All three @entity5 were primary diagnosed as @entity1653 (one: vascular, two angioblastic). The diagnosis was changed to @entity2698 only then when recurrences and extracranial @entity3 had occurred. Morphologically, " @entity1653 " and " @entity693 " show striking common features. The principal pattern bases on the blastomatous increase of capillary blood vessels lined by a normal endothelium, extracapillary proliferation of pericyte-like mesenchymal cells and an intercellular network of reticulin fibres. Light- and electron microsopic findings do not demonstrate the characteristics of a @entity1653 . Furthermore, clinical data and growth pattern of " @entity1653 " and " @entity693 " are well comparable. Therefore, it seems to be justified to interpret these @entity5 as a @entity5 entity with identical histogenesis. It is well known that @entity2698 frequently recur and metastasise. On the other hand, @entity1653 are usually benign. For those reasons we suggest that these @entity5 should be uniformly classified as " @entity693 " in order to stress the significance of these particular @entity5 of the meninges regarding their treatment and behaviour.

title: [Morphology and clinical significance of the XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas', 'Hemangiopericytomas', 'hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma of the meninges']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['angioblastic meningioma', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most severely disabled @entity64 @entity1 are often excluded from studies evaluating effects of physiotherapy. This study intended to investigate the effect of an increased intensity of physiotherapy in combination with @entity2254 the first week after @entity385 in @entity1 with an @entity1662 and severe @entity66 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled within 96 h after onset of symptoms. @entity1 were randomized to 30-45 min of physiotherapy twice daily or to maximally 15 min per day for 5 days. All @entity1 received @entity2254 to achieve alertness. Functional outcome measures were assessed at baseline, the day after treatment discontinuation, and 3 and 12 months after @entity64 onset. Residence of living was registered at long-term follow-ups. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were seen between groups in the outcomes measured at any time point. However, both groups improved over time in all outcomes at 3 and 12 months (p < 0.05), except for sensory functions at 3 months and motor functions at 12 months. The number of @entity1 needed to treat (NNT) to achieve the desired improvement in Lindmark motor score was 8, with the 95% CI being NNT(harm) 10 to NNT(beneficial) 3. The fraction of @entity1 who died was the same in both treatment groups, 47% (95% CI 28-65%). CONCLUSIONS: An increased intensity of physiotherapy in combination with @entity2254 during the first week after @entity64 onset did not affect short- or long-term outcome in this limited sample of @entity1 with severe @entity64 .

title: Intensive early physiotherapy combined with @entity2254 treatment in severe XXXX : a randomized, controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired level of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Objective. We examined the cause of transfer delay in @entity1 with an acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) from non percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capable to PCI capable hospitals. We then implemented a novel, simple, and reliable initiative to improve the transfer process. Background. Guidelines established by the ACC/AHA call for door-to-balloon times of  <=90 minutes for @entity1 with @entity583 . When hospital transfer is necessary, this is only met in 8.6% of cases. Methods. All @entity1 presenting with @entity583 to a non-PCI capable hospital from April 2006 to February 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. After identifying causes of transfer delay the "Register and Roll" initiative was developed. An analysis of effect was conducted from March 2009 to July 2011. Results. 144 @entity1 were included, 74 pre-initiative and 70 post- initiative. Time to EMS activation was a major delay in @entity1 transfer. After implementation, the EMS activation time has significantly decreased and time to reperfusion approaches recommended goal (Median 114   min versus 90   min, P < 0.001), with 55% in <90 minutes. Conclusion. "Register and Roll" streamlines the triage process and improves hospital transfer times. This initiative is easily instituted and reliable in a community hospital setting where resources are limited.

title: "Register and Roll": A Novel Initiative to Improve First Door-to-Balloon Time in ST Elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: In a population-based study of 6,386 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25--84 years in Troms  , Norway, in 1994--1995, the authors assessed the age- and sex-specific distribution of the abdominal aortic diameter and the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity1028 . Renal and infrarenal aortic diameters were measured with ultrasound. The mean infrarenal aortic diameter increased with age. The increase was more pronounced in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The age-related increase in the median diameter was less than that in the mean diameter. An @entity439 was present in 263 (8.9%) @entity1 and 74 (2.2%) @entity1 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of @entity1028 increased with age. No @entity1 aged less than 48 years was found with an @entity1028 . @entity1 who had smoked for more than 40 years had an odds ratio of 8.0 for @entity1028 (95% confidence interval: 5.0, 12.6) compared with never smokers. Low serum high density lipoprotein @entity165 was associated with an increased risk for @entity1028 . Other factors associated with @entity1028 were a high level of plasma @entity2002 and a low blood platelet count. Antihypertensive medication (ever use) was significantly associated with @entity1028 , but high systolic blood pressure was a risk factor in @entity1 only. This study indicates that risk factors for @entity731 are also associated with increased risk for @entity1028 .

title: Prevalence of and risk factors for XXXX in a population-based study : The Troms   Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: This study was conducted to establish the presence of @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) immunoreactivity in neurons and fibers within @entity840 atrial whole-mount preparations containing the intrinsic @entity299 . Many @entity299 , but not all, in a given whole-mount preparation, were innervated by CARTp-immunoreactive (IR) fibers. Following explant culture of whole mounts for 72 hours, the CARTp-IR fiber networks were absent, but the number of CARTp-IR neurons was increased markedly. These observations suggested that the majority of the CARTp-IR fibers in the intracardiac ganglia were derived from sources extrinsic to the heart. In control whole-mount preparations, very few CARTp-positive neurons were present. The few intrinsic CARTp-IR neurons also exhibited @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) immunoreactivity, indicating that they make up a small subpopulation of cholinergic postganglionic neurons. Some CARTp-IR neurons also exhibited @entity842 synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, indicating that they were nitrergic as well. We compared the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CARTp-IR fibers with the staining patterns of a number of other neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes that mark specific extrinsic inputs. The CARTp-IR fibers were not immunoreactive for @entity4268 , @entity669 hydroxylase, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or substance P. However, virtually all CARTp-IR fibers exhibited immunoreactivity to neuronal NOS (a marker for @entity842 -producing neurons). CARTp-IR cells and NOS-IR cells were present in the nodose ganglia. In addition, CARTp-IR neurons in the nodose also were stained positively for @entity1110 -diaphorase. Thus, we propose that most CARTp-IR fibers within the @entity840 intrinsic @entity299 are vagal afferent fibers that also contain NOS.

title: Distribution of @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide in the XXXX intrinsic cardiac nervous system and colocalization with neuropeptides or transmitter synthetic enzymes.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ganglia']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Seven cases of primary @entity356 operated over the last five years are reported. Intervals of from 21 to 44 yr between surgery and the onset of @entity189 were noted. All @entity1 were males and their ages ranged from 54 to 74 yr. Diagnosis was essentially radiographical, though gastroscopical and histological confirmation was obtained in 2 cases. Simple derivative @entity254 was employed in 2 cases. Total, extended gastrectomy was carried out in 3 cases (2 with interposition of the jejunal loop and 1 with direct oesophago-jejunal recanalisation. Gastric resection following @entity254 was performed in the remaining 2 cases. Survivals include 2 subjects apparently in good health 2 6/12 and 2 7/12 yr after surgery. Two @entity1 died after 16 and 18 months. While the prognosis for @entity5 is very poor as far as long-term results are concerned, passive and entirely negative management would seem unjustified.

title: [Primary XXXX after resection for peptic ulcer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stump cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'degastroentero-anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gastric stump']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the gastric stump']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity5015 on @entity95 heart preservation. The hearts were @entity1167 with cardioplegia (CP) solution, followed by intracoronary infusion of @entity7634 -Collins (E-C) solution. They were immersed in E-C solution at 4 degrees C for 9 hr, flushed with terminal warm CP solution, and reperfused with oxygenated Tyrodes' solution at 80 mmHg for 90 min. Eighteen @entity95 (Kabushikigaishya BioTec Japanese white) were divided into 3 groups. Group I served as the control. In groups II and III, 200 ng/kg/min of PGE1 was given for 30 min before the heart was removed and 5 micrograms was added to the @entity1613 . In group III, 5 micrograms was also added to both E-C solutions and to the terminal CP solution. The values of CPK and LDH in the terminal CP solution and in the coronary effluent in groups II and III were lower, and coronary flow after reperfusion in group III was significantly greater at 5 min and from 60 min until the end of the experiment. Left ventricular maximum dP/dt at each end-diastolic pressure was significantly higher than control in groups II and III. The values of the wet/dry ratio of reperfused hearts in groups II and III were significantly lower than in the control. In conclusion, treatment with PGE1 before heart extraction and the addition of PGE1 to both E-C solutions and to the terminal CP solution contributed to superior left ventricular function after reperfusion, by improving preservation and reducing @entity4 .

title: The effect of XXXX on heart preservation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial CP solution']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: @entity1904 (PCT) levels increase in @entity1 with @entity281 ; the highest levels have been found in @entity295 . This study tested whether plasma @entity1904 level was related to @entity295 , CRP, burn size, @entity130 or mortality in severely burned @entity1 over the entire clinical course. In 27 @entity1 with 51 (20-91)% TBSA, PCT was measured three times weekly from admission over the entire course of stay in a single ICU. Daily scoring by the "Baltimore @entity295 Scale" was performed. The @entity1 were assigned to three groups depending on the clinical course and outcome: A = no @entity532 , B = @entity532 -survivors, C = @entity532 non-survivors. PCT levels were elevated slightly at admission (mean 2.1 ng/ml) except in three @entity1 who suffered electrical burns (mean 15.7 ng/ml). PCT peak levels correlated well with the Scoring values (r = 0.84) while CRP did not (r = 0.64). Peak PCT levels were significantly higher (p < 0.005) in septic @entity1 (B and C) who averaged 49.8+/-76.9 ng/ml, than in non-septic @entity1 (A) who averaged peak levels of 2.3+/-3.7 ng/ml. The highest PCT levels were found immediately before death (86.8+/-97 ng/ml). Seven @entity1 had an @entity130 3rd degree. In these @entity1 at 24 h postburn, there was no relationship between PCT levels and @entity130 but during the later days postburn there were significant differences in PCT levels in @entity1 with versus without @entity130 . All @entity1 with @entity130 3rd degree developed @entity532 . There was no positive correlation between the PCT-admission-levels and the TBSA, but there was a positive correlation between the TBSA and the mean peak PCT levels during the later days postburn (r = 0.73; p < 0.05). The cut-off value of 3 ng/ ml we found reliable to indicate severe @entity2348 . PCT values over 10 ng/ml increasing over the following days were found only in life-threatening situations due to @entity281 . The individual course of PCT in one @entity1 is more important than absolute values. PCT presented in this study as a useful diagnostic parameter in severely burned @entity1 .

title: @entity1904 --a @entity295 parameter in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['septic complications']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injuries']


abstract: When and how a combination of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) should be used in @entity1 unresponsive to monotherapy is not known. We followed up prospectively 248 @entity1 in whom treatment with the first AED was unsuccessful. When treatment failed due to intolerable adverse events, a second (substituted) drug was prescribed. When failure was due to lack of efficacy, either AED substitution or combination (add-on) was undertaken. @entity1 were considered to be @entity410 -free if they had no @entity410 for at least 1 year. Among @entity1 with inadequate @entity410 control on the first well tolerated AED, those who received substituted monotherapy (n= 35) and those who received add-on treatment (n= 42) had similar @entity410 -free rates (substitution vs. add-on: 17% vs. 26%) and incidence of intolerable side effects (substitution vs. add-on: 26% vs. 12%). Based on the drugs' perceived primary mode of action, more @entity1 became @entity410 -free when the combination involved a @entity1372 channel blocker and a drug with multiple mechanisms of action (36%) compared to other combinations (7 %, P= 0.05). None of the 11 @entity1 who received add-on treatment after a second drug had also failed became @entity410 -free, compared to 26% in those who received add-on as soon as the first tolerated AED proved to be ineffective (n= 42, P= 0.05). These preliminary observations have generated verifiable hypotheses regarding the early management of @entity302 . A randomized study comparing substitution and combination after the failure of the first AED is underway.

title: XXXX after the first drug fails: substitution or add-on?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ) was described as a distinct clinical syndrome in 1972. Since then many cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. In this study we present our experience with a group of 17 Mexican @entity1 with this syndrome, and we analyze their clinical and serological features, as well as the causes of @entity204 in these @entity1 . The @entity1 are Mexican mestizos living in Guadalajara and most of them have been followed-up at Hospital General de Occidente for a period of 1-10 years. The female/male ratio was 16:1, and their age ranged from 14-55 years with a mean of 29 years. The disease duration has ranged from 1-17 years, with a mean of 6 years. Among the clinical manifestations we have found a high frequency of lymphadenopathy when compared with published series (13/17 or 76%), and the laboratory findings in our @entity1 included a very high polyclonal increase of gammaglobulins (93%), @entity2905 (76%), direct immunofluorescence speckled nuclear epidermal deposits in skin biopsies (75%) and positive rheumatoid factor (65%). Other clinical and serological features were similar to those reported in other series of @entity1 with @entity2406 . Six of the 17 @entity1 have died (35%), and in 3 of them (17.5%) the cause of @entity204 was due to an @entity166 that suddenly presented, and apparently was not related to a concomitant high dose of @entity230 or @entity3147 in the @entity1 . It seems that in addition to the already well known @entity792 that occur in @entity2406 , there are other features like the presence of lymphadenopathy, the high polyclonal increase of gammaglobulins, and the @entity2905 , that reflect the profound disturbance of the immune system in this syndrome, possibly contributing to the sudden appearance of a severe @entity166 in some of our @entity1 .

title: XXXX . A clinico-serological study of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['MCTD', 'Mixed connective tissue disease']

answer: @entity2406 :: (MESH:D008947,Disease) :: ['Mixed connective tissue disease']


abstract: Recent studies have revealed @entity17 in the cortex of @entity1 with chronic @entity15 . In contrast to @entity62 , cortical @entity15 are accompanied by only minor @entity32 . Research into the pathogenesis of @entity75 formation has been hampered by the fact that the conventional rodent model of @entity15 , @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), does not regularly affect the cortex. To overcome this limitation we developed a new @entity35 model of cortical @entity15 . Lesions were stereotactically targeted to the cerebral cortex by injection of pro-inflammatory mediators in animals that were immunized subclinically with @entity3950 ( @entity3950 ). We thus generated highly reproducible demyelinated lesions in the neocortex with remarkable histological similarities to cortical @entity15 . The focal cortical @entity6503 model led to the typical pattern of intracortical and subpial @entity17 , infiltration with inflammatory cells, complement deposition, acute axonal damage and neuronal cell death. Surprisingly, extensive @entity32 largely resolved within 2 weeks. Furthermore, cortical @entity17 was readily compensated by rapid remyelination. Our data thus suggest that @entity32 is a transient phenomenon, and that remyelination of cortical @entity17 may occur rapidly.

title: A new focal @entity6503 model of cortical XXXX : multiple sclerosis-like lesions with rapid resolution of @entity32 and extensive remyelination.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'cortical inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'inflammatory-demyelinating lesions', 'widespread demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesion']

entities_list: @entity3950 :: ('4340', 'Gene') :: ['MOG', 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis lesions', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stenting improves the acute results of @entity661 for @entity2791 . Predictors of benefit and angiographic restenosis are not well understood. We describe the technical and clinical success of renal artery stenting in a large consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity101 or @entity177 . We identify clinical, procedural, and anatomic factors that might influence outcome, restenosis, and survival. METHODS: @entity8 stenting was performed in 300 consecutive @entity1 who underwent 363 stent procedures in 358 arteries. Angiograms were analyzed quantitatively. Clinical and angiographic follow-up data are available after a median of 16.0 months. RESULTS: At baseline, 87% of @entity1 had @entity101 , and 37% had @entity740 . The mean age was 70 years (interquartile range 63.1-74.6) years. The stenosis was unilateral in 49% and bilateral in 48% and involved a solitary functioning kidney in 3.6%. The stenting procedure was successful in all attempts. There were no procedural @entity8 . Postprocedure @entity2629 was seen in 45 of 363 (12%) procedures but persisted in only 6 @entity1 (2%), all of whom had baseline @entity177 . @entity551 were significantly reduced (systolic blood pressure from 164.0 +/- 28.7 to 142.4 +/- 19.1 mm Hg, P <.001). At follow-up, 70% of @entity1 had improved blood pressure control regardless of renal function. In @entity1 with baseline @entity177 , 19% had improvement in serum @entity1011 levels at follow-up, 54% had stabilization, and 27% had deterioration. Follow-up mortality was 10% and was predicted by baseline @entity1011 levels (odds ratio 1.72 for each 1 mg/dL @entity1011 increment, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.49) and extent of @entity453 (odds ratio 1.66 for each diseased coronary artery, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.67). Angiographic restenosis was found in 21% of 102 @entity1 overall and was less common (12%) in arteries with a reference caliber >4.5 mm (P <.01 vs caliber <4.5 mm). Neither @entity384 nor severity of @entity850 predicted clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 stenting can be performed safely with nearly uniform technical success. The majority of @entity1 with @entity101 or @entity177 derive benefit. Follow-up mortality is 5-fold higher in @entity1 with baseline @entity177 . Clinical and angiographic features did not predict blood pressure or renal functional outcome. @entity256 is more common in renal arteries with a reference caliber less than 4.5 mm.

title: XXXX stenting: characteristics and outcomes after 363 procedures.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Primary renal artery', 'deaths or emergency renal surgical procedures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['poststenotic dilation']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Primary renal artery']


abstract: @entity1 suffering form @entity302 have an increased risk for @entity174 . Beside @entity174 caused by fall or accident muscles forces alone generated during @entity410 can result in severe @entity85 . Contractions of strong paraspinal muscles can lead to compression fracture of the mid-thoracic spine. We report a @entity1 who had suffered from a @entity410 during early morning hours. After a cracking sound the @entity1 woke up in a state of post-ictal disorientation, @entity393 . He was admitted to our facilities with the suspected @entity174 albeit he just reported of mild @entity615 . Native X-rays and computer-tomography scans showed instable burst @entity174 of L2 and L4. The @entity174 were stabilised with a dorsally instrumented internal fixator from L1 to L5 followed by hemi-laminectomy and ventral spondylodesis. Muscle force alone can result in severe skeletal @entity130 including @entity174 . This example emphasizes the importance of critical examination of @entity1 after grand mal @entity410 . @entity410 -induced @entity130 can appear clinically asymptomatic and can easily be overseen due to absence of @entity130 and @entity1662 .

title: XXXX -induced muscle force can caused lumbar spine fracture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of urine and tongue bite']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['post-ictal impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics of @entity4858 sustained in hurling in the south of Ireland and to investigate reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear. METHODS: Retrospective review of the case notes of 310 @entity1 who attended Cork University Hospital or Waterford Regional Hospital between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2002 with @entity4858 sustained during a hurling match. A confidential questionnaire on reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear was completed by 130 players. RESULTS: Hurling related @entity4858 occurred most commonly in young @entity1 . Fifty two @entity1 (17%) required hospital admission, with hyphaema accounting for 71% of admissions. Ten injuries required intraocular surgical INTERVENTION: @entity1713 repair (5); macular hole surgery (1); repair of partial thickness @entity2687 (1); repair of globe perforation (1); enucleation (1); trabeculectomy for post-traumatic @entity726 (1). Fourteen eyes (4.5%) had a final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <6/12 and six (2%) had BCVA <3/60. In the survey, 63 players (48.5%) reported wearing no protective facemask while playing hurling. @entity227 was the most common reason cited for non-use. CONCLUSIONS: Hurling related injury is a significant, and preventable, cause of ocular morbidity in young @entity1 in Ireland. The routine use of appropriate protective headgear and faceguards would result in a dramatic reduction in the incidence and severity of these injuries, and should be mandatory.

title: XXXX in hurling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Impairment of vision']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'ocular injuries']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal laceration']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Ocular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess and grade @entity2103 according to the extent of @entity3541 in the clinical course of acupuncture treatment for @entity4401 , and to observe the interrelationship between the grade, the efficacy and the period of treatment, as well as the effect on prognosis. METHODS: The authors employed the House-Brackmann scale, a commonly used evaluation scale for @entity3541 motor function, and set standards for eye fissure and lips. According to the improved scale, the authors assessed and graded the degree of @entity3541 in @entity2103 both before and after treatment. The grade was divided into five levels: mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe @entity409 and complete @entity912 . The authors gave acupuncture treatment according to the state of the disease without artificially setting the treatment period. The observation was focused on the efficacy and the efficacy was evaluated throughout the entire treatment process. RESULTS: Fifty-three cases out of 68 @entity1 with @entity4401 were cured and the overall rate of efficacy was 97%. Statistically significant differences (P<0.01) were perceived among the efficacy of five levels of @entity2103 . Efficacy was correlated with the damage level of the disease (correlation coefficient r=0.423, P<0.01). The course of treatment also extended with the severity of @entity2103 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Differences exist in @entity1 with @entity4401 in terms of severity of @entity2103 . Efficacy is reduced in correlation with an @entity2103 , and the period of treatment varies in need of different levels of @entity2103 . It is highly necessary to assess and grade @entity1 before observation and treatment in clinical study, and choose corresponding treatment according to severity of @entity66 .

title: [Correlation between facial nerve functional evaluation and efficacy evaluation of acupuncture treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the disease']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['increase in facial nerve dysfunction', 'terms of facial nerve dysfunction', 'facial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: This paper describes laboratory experiments and subsequent statistical data analysis performed to reevaluate the overall effect of soil characteristics and liquid-phase composition on the extent of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) adsorption in complex soil-water systems. The @entity212 adsorption isotherms were first generated for eight soils of varying physical and chemical properties. Binding tests were then performed in the presence of different additives (surfactant, oil, etc.) and conditions (temperature and pH) based on a fractional factorial design. Statistical analysis of data showed strong interdependencies among several of the soil parameters, but confirmed that organic @entity505 content (foc) and pH of the soils were the best predictors of the adsorption constant of @entity212 (Kd) for nonamended soil-water systems. It was determined that the effect on Kd of a 0.2 unit decrease in soil pH was approximately the same as increasing foc by 1%. From studying the effect of the amendments, two interactions (surfactant-pH and surfactant-oil) and two primary effects (surfactant and oil) have been detected. The effectiveness of the surfactant in decreasing Kd varied depending on the pH and oil content of the soil. A generalized nonlinear model expressing Kd as a function of pH, foc, oil content of soil, and surfactant dose was developed for the range of conditions studied. The proposed model and modeling approach can be adapted to other types of contaminants or variables for specific natural and engineered systems.

title: Generalized model of XXXX distribution in amended soil-water systems.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

answer: @entity211 :: (MESH:D010416,Chemical) :: ['pentachlorophenol']


abstract: This randomized, multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy study compared the efficacy and safety of @entity115 1 g bd with @entity115 500 mg tds in 395 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3311 ( @entity3311 ). @entity1 were treated for 10 days and were assessed during therapy (days 3-5), after the end of therapy (days 12-15) and at follow up (days 28-35). In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, clinical success rates at the end of therapy were 86.6% (162/187 @entity1 ) and 85.6% (161/188 @entity1 ) in the bd and tds group, respectively. In the per-protocol (PP) subgroup, the success rates were 89.1% (156/175) and 92.6% (150/162), respectively. The clinical recurrence rates at follow up were, in the ITT and PP populations, respectively, 14.2% (20/141) and 13.4% (18/134) in the bd group, and 12.6% (18/143) and 13.7% (18/131) in the tds group. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) confirmed the clinical equivalence of the two dosage regimens in the ITT and PP populations. Two hundred and nineteen @entity1 from the clinically evaluable ITT population had at least one pathogen isolated at baseline and were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy. Bacteriological success at the end of therapy was obtained in 76.2% (83/109) of @entity1 in the bd group, and 73.7% (81/110) of @entity1 in the tds group (95% CI: -9 to 14%). The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events in the safety evaluable @entity1 were @entity344 , which occurred in 11.2% (22/197) in the bd group and 11.6% (23/198) in the tds group. @entity115 1 g bd is clinically and bacteriologically as effective as @entity115 500 mg tds in the treatment of @entity3311 , and the two dosage regimens show a similar safety profile.

title: Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity115 1 g bd with XXXX 500 mg tds in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin', 'amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['AECB', 'acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxycillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term outcome of @entity792 following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and its relationship to hemopoietic chimerism. METHODS: Three previously described @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who underwent allogeneic BMT for therapy-related severe @entity2150 and 1 new @entity1 with @entity1569 who received BMT for @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) were followed up. Molecular studies were performed to assess hemopoietic and immune reconstitution in 3 cases. RESULTS: In 2 of the @entity309 @entity1 , the @entity309 remained in remission without treatment, with nonprogressive disease, 11 and 13 years after BMT. The third @entity1 with @entity309 had a relapse 2 years after BMT, although the previously aggressive disease subsequently ran an attenuated course with treatment-free remission for the last 11 years. Comparison with other cases of @entity309 suggests that @entity2132 may influence the long-term outcome, perhaps through ongoing inhibition of the immune system. In the @entity1 with @entity1569 , BMT was followed by remission, but the @entity1910 recurred and @entity2720 developed 12 months later. The @entity1569 and @entity2720 remained active 4.5 years post-BMT, although the @entity1860 remained in remission. Molecular studies in the 2 @entity1 whose @entity309 remained in continued remission and in the @entity1 with @entity1569 that relapsed confirmed complete donor hemopoietic reconstitution. CONCLUSION: Long-term followup of @entity792 after allogeneic transplantation confirmed cure of the @entity792 in some, but eventual relapse in others. The occurrence of relapse despite complete donor hemopoietic reconstitution is evidence for the development of de novo, as opposed to persistent, disease, and is possibly related to intrinsic susceptibility of the transplanted stem cells or to host factors. There may be a relationship between remission of @entity792 and @entity2132 . These findings have relevance for the evolving application of stem cell transplantation as a therapy for @entity792 .

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic rash']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host reaction', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: In this study, a novel amphiphilic block copolymer biomaterial - @entity968 - @entity4351 ( @entity970 -PCL), was used to entrap @entity42226 (NCTD), taking advantage of self-assembly theory. Dialysis and volatilization dialysis were used to prepare copolymer micelles. Drug-loaded micelles were compared with blank micelles in terms of their particle diameter, morphology and IR spectral characteristics. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in respect of morphology and IR spectrum, but particle size differed. Drug-loaded micelles had a smaller particle size than blank micelles. Three important factors influencing particle size, the drug loading content (LC) and the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of the NCTD-loaded micelles, were studied. The results indicated that the method of preparation and the type of organic solvent had a significant influence on the size of the micelles. LC and EE were greatly affected by the ratio of NCTD to copolymer. In vitro release of NCTD from the conjugate micelles showed that its release rate depended on the pH of the @entity1391 buffer solution (PBS). The amount released was higher at lower pH than under neutral conditions. In vitro antitumor activity of the NCTD conjugate against @entity1 @entity157 (HepG2) cell line and @entity1 @entity2 (A549) cell line was evaluated by the @entity98 method. Micelles loaded with NCTD demonstrated greater and more satisfactory cell viability inhibition than the free drug. In vivo antitumor activity of drug-loaded micelles was investigated in @entity19 bearing S180 @entity19 @entity242 . NCTD-loaded micelles displayed @entity5 inhibition effects, better than the free drug. As a new drug delivery system, copolymer micelles present many advantages including easy formulation, good water solubility, low @entity137 and high treatment efficacy, and show great potential as carriers of hydrophobic drugs.

title: Preparation, characterization and anticancer activity of @entity42226 -loaded @entity968 - XXXX amphiphilic block copolymer micelles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (caprolactone)']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity42226 :: ('MESH:C069741', 'Chemical') :: ['norcantharidin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['poly(caprolactone)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antecolic approach to the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGB) has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of internal herniation. However, specific complications of this approach have not been documented. We describe the clinical presentation related to complications of this technique. METHODS: The outcomes of 201 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone antecolic LGB by a single surgeon during a 24-month period were retrospectively evaluated for complications. RESULTS: Of the 201 LGB @entity1 , 3 (1.5%) developed complications attributable to omental division. All 3 had an identical presentation of acute, localized @entity490 without significant signs of @entity262 . All 3 @entity1 developed acute symptoms on postoperative day 3. Laparoscopic reexploration on postoperative day 3, 4, and 4 demonstrated partial @entity1188 without other pathologic findings. All @entity1 had immediate relief of symptoms and had no further complications. CONCLUSION: Partial @entity1188 is a complication of omental transection while performing the antecolic approach to the LGB. @entity1188 should be part of the differential diagnosis, including @entity834 , in @entity1 who develop @entity490 3-4 days after LGB.

title: XXXX : a cause of acute @entity490 after antecolic gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Omental infarction', 'omental infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Omental infarction']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity17756 , a specific @entity2871 (TX) synthetase inhibitor, on blood pressure, urinary excretion of TX and its release from blood platelets and @entity8 , and pathological change of glomeruli were evaluated in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 . 2. Average daily intakes of @entity17756 -treated @entity35 were 0.93 mg/kg (low dose), 9.8 mg/kg (moderate dose), and 88 mg/kg (high dose). 3. Systolic blood pressure tended to decrease by 6.3, 11.4, and 10.9% in three OKY-treated groups. 4. @entity17756 suppressed the release of TX from platelets in a dose-dependent fashion. Both TX in urine and released from @entity8 decreased in OKY-treated groups with moderate and high dose. @entity17756 resulted no change in urinary excretion or release from @entity8 of @entity1421 or @entity9077 . 5. @entity8 score decreased significantly in both groups treated with moderate and high doses of @entity17756 . 6. An inhibition of renal TX synthesis by TX synthetase inhibitor has a protective effect on the development of @entity101 @entity8 with minor antihypertensive effect in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX synthetase inhibitor on @entity101 @entity8 in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular sclerosis', 'renal papilla', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: The case is a 60-year-old male. He was seen at this department because of a slight fever of less than 37.5 degrees C from half a year earlier. Echocardiography revealed @entity47 under the tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve, and on scintigraphy of the pulmonary blood flow he was diagnosed with multiple @entity8995 . Causative bacteria were not identified by blood culture on admission. As the intraoperative findings, @entity47 were seen attached to the area from the septal cusp to the anterior cusp in the tricuspid valve. With the pulmonary valve, a part of the valvular cusp was perforated. After closing @entity1757 with a patch, the @entity47 attached to the valvular cusps were excised and the tricuspid valve was reconstructed. As for the pulmonary valve, valve replacement was performed because of the @entity340 . @entity796 was detected on culture of the tissue of the valvular cusp resected during operation. Post operative course was uneventful. The @entity1 was discharged on the 21st postoperative day.

title: [A case of radical operation for right-sided infective endocarditis due to @entity796 concurrent with @entity1757 in the elderly XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['destructive degeneration of the valvular cusp']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: @entity4753 ( @entity4753 ) is characterized by @entity1398 and @entity381 in @entity1 with seropositive (RF+, anti-CCP+) @entity309 ( @entity309 ). As a result of @entity1398 , affected @entity1 are increasingly susceptible to infections. In the majority of @entity1 , @entity4753 appears in the course of long-standing and well-established @entity309 . Manifestations of @entity4753 without clinical but only with laboratory features of @entity309 are extremely rare. We present a case of severe @entity1398 and mild @entity381 in a @entity1 with high titers of RF and anti-CCP. For 4 years, @entity1 's @entity1398 remained asymptomatic. The @entity1398 reduction to @entity3028 was followed by successful @entity1499 - @entity228 therapy. Efficacy of the standard anti- @entity309 therapy confirmed autoimmune mechanism of the Felty's @entity1398 . The most important lesion from our case is to recognize this condition in the range of autoimmune @entity627 without delay. We reviewed literature with non-articular @entity4753 .

title: XXXX without @entity309 ?

entities_list: @entity4753 :: ('MESH:D005258', 'Disease') :: ["Felty's syndrome", 'FS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4753 :: (MESH:D005258,Disease) :: ['Felty's syndrome']


abstract: Previous research showed that acute exposure to @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ) produced a selective reduction in peak N30 of flash evoked potentials (FEPs) in @entity35 . In contrast, acute exposures to @entity9836 or @entity8336 selectively reduced FEP peak N160. The present experiments compared the effects of @entity17058 (log P = 1.25; oil:water partition coefficient), @entity52370 ( @entity1298 ; log P = 2.00), and @entity52371 ( @entity5242 ; log P = 3.38) on FEPs recorded from adult Long-Evans @entity35 . Before administration of test compounds, FEPs were recorded for five daily sessions to develop FEP peak N160. Test compounds were dissolved in @entity4336 oil and administered i.p. at doses based on proportions of their LD50 values. The doses were: @entity17058 , 0, 57.5, 115, 230, or 460 mg/kg; @entity1298 , 0, 86, 172, 343, or 686 mg/kg; and @entity5242 , 0, 53, 105, 210, or 420 mg/kg. Testing times after dosing varied among compounds and were based on pilot studies to measure both the times of peak effect and recovery. Each solvent produced significant changes in the latency and amplitude of multiple components of the FEP waveforms. However, the predominant effect of @entity17058 was to reduce the amplitude of peak N30 (ED50 = 326.3 mg/kg), that of @entity1298 was to reduce both peaks N30 (ED50 = 231.0 mg/kg) and N160 (ED50 = 136.8 mg/kg), and that of @entity5242 was to reduce peak N160 (ED50 = 151.6 mg/kg). There was no consistent relationship between log P values and the potency of the compounds to alter FEP peaks N30 and N160. The results suggest that organic solvents have multiple acute effects on the function of the central nervous system, which are not predictable solely by the compound's lipid solubility.

title: A comparison of the acute neuroactive effects of @entity1044 , @entity52370 , and XXXX on @entity35 flash evoked potentials (FEPs).

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity52371 :: ('MESH:C004726', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dichlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity52370 :: ('MESH:C067434', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-dichloropropane']

answer: @entity52371 :: (MESH:C004726,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dichlorobenzene']


abstract: Five cases of primary plasmacytoma of the lung are presented. The @entity1 were four @entity1 and one @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 79 years (mean age, 57 years; median age, 54 years). Two @entity1 presented with symptoms related to their @entity5 ; these included cough, @entity1353 , and hemoptysis. In two @entity1 , the @entity5 presented as a hilar mass, whereas in the remaining three @entity1 , the @entity5 was located intraparenchymally. Clinically, only one @entity1 had a reported @entity1581 (IgG, kappa). Because of the proximal location of these @entity5 , three @entity1 underwent pneumonectomy; one other underwent a lobectomy, and one had a segmental resection. Grossly, the @entity5 ranged from 2.5 to 8 cm in maximum diameter (mean, 4.4 cm); they were either peribronchial or involved a major bronchus. Histologically, they were characterized by sheets of plasma cells that were well differentiated in two cases and moderately differentiated in three. Amyloid was present in two cases. In four @entity5 , there was a monoclonal population of lambda light chain-bearing plasma cells, whereas in one, the plasma cells expressed a monoclonal kappa light chain. The @entity5 cells predominantly expressed IgG heavy chains in two cases. Peribronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes were involved in three cases. Follow-up information ranged from 4 days to 262 months (average, 115 months; median, 36 months). Two @entity1 survived more than 20 years before dying of non- @entity5 -related causes. Two @entity1 died 28 months and 4 days after surgery with concurrent @entity5 in liver and mediastinal and para-aortic lymph nodes. Comparing the present cases and those reported in the literature, we noted that the @entity1 herein presented are, on average, older than those published previously. Combining our cases with 14 other verifiable, previously published cases, the overall 2- and 5-year survivals of @entity358 are 66% and 40%, respectively. @entity1 with @entity358 can have a long-term survival, as evidenced by two of our @entity1 who survived 20 or more years.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary plasmacytomas']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary plasmacytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high mortality rate in @entity1 with @entity360 appears to be particularly related to re-bleeding. The haemostatic mechanisms that may influence the re-bleeding of @entity1066 are largely unknown. AIM: We studied and analysed fibrinolytic activity in bleeding @entity1066 @entity1 and the effect of acid suppression on this activity. METHODS: Fibrinolytic activity was analysed in mucosal biopsies from 29 bleeding @entity10189 @entity1 and six controls. We analysed levels of D-Dimer, fibrin plate lysis area, plasminogen activator activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, and @entity1351 antiplasmin complexes. RESULTS: Significantly more fibrinolytic activity was detected in biopsies from @entity1 with bleeding @entity1066 compared to controls. Moreover, in @entity1 with endoscopic stigmata of recent @entity548 , mucosal fibrinolytic activity was higher compared to @entity1 without stigmata of recent @entity548 . In mucosal biopsies of @entity1 that had used acid suppression before admission, a decreased fibrinolytic activity was found compared to @entity1 without such therapy. This effect of acid suppression on fibrinolytic activity was confirmed in nine @entity1 before and after a 24-h @entity5616 infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolytic activity is enhanced in @entity1 with @entity10189 . Acid suppressive therapy decreases this increased activity, which may be one of the mechanisms explaining the potential beneficial effect of this therapy.

title: Enhanced mucosal fibrinolytic activity in XXXX and the beneficial effect of acid suppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer', 'bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer haemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) often report a disabling decrease in their activity level due to @entity158 . The nature of the association between disability, activity, and @entity158 over time is however, unclear. An intriguing issue here is whether a high level of @entity158 is associated with a low activity level or are changes in the level of activity over time @entity158 provoking and thus more disabling? The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between disability, @entity158 intensity, @entity158 -related fear, and characteristics of physical activity in @entity1 with @entity1643 . A total of 42 @entity1 with @entity1643 were recruited from the Pain Clinic of the Maastricht University Hospital. Each @entity158 @entity1 carried an electronic diary for one week, in which questions about current @entity158 intensity, and the level of physical activity were completed at 8 moments a day. Disability was scored by the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS), Fear of movement by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). To explain the level of disability regression analyses were performed with disability as dependent variable and @entity158 intensity, @entity158 -related fear, and consecutively the level of physical activity in daily life and fluctuations in physical activity as independent variables. Results, based on 34 @entity1 , showed that activity fluctuations (beta=0.373, p<0.05) rather than the mean activity level over time (beta=-0.052, ns) contributed significantly in explaining disability. The results are discussed in the light of current theories, previous research, and clinical implications.

title: The disabling role of fluctuations in physical activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: This study assessed the accuracy of self-reported @entity975 smear utilisation over four different time frames, examining the magnitude of errors in self-report and sociodemographic predictors of accuracy. Self-report data on @entity1 's cervical screening was collected by interview in a random household survey (Hunter Region, NSW, Australia), with pathology laboratory data collected by a search of records within laboratories. The magnitude of error in self-report was assessed by comparing it against longer intervals in pathology laboratory data. Sociodemographic predictors of accuracy were explored using chi square analyses. Low values for specificity and positive predictive value across all four time frames indicate a considerable degree of inaccuracy in @entity1 's reporting of those instances where, in truth, screening has not occurred. Of @entity1 reporting a smear within the last three years, only 61.2% were verified within pathology laboratory records. Allowing @entity1 some "leeway" in their reporting, comparing self-report to longer intervals of pathology laboratory data, did not greatly improve the accuracy of reporting, confirming that the magnitude of inaccuracy involved is of real clinical significance. Demographic variables were not related to the accuracy of self-report and, while a @entity1 's certainty of her response was predictive, this had little impact on the measures of agreement. Self-report of @entity975 smear histories consistently results in over-reporting of screening. Other means of assessing the prevalence of screening may be preferable to self-report. Where self-report data is collected, techniques to improve accuracy should be employed, and care should be taken in comparing screening rates obtained by different methods.

title: The accuracy of self-reported XXXX smear utilisation.

answer: @entity975 :: (5068,Gene) :: ['Pap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of low maternal age on late @entity5617 and @entity1 mortality and to estimate the extent of any increase in @entity1 mortality attributable to higher rates of @entity600 among teenagers. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: Births recorded in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Registry. POPULATION: All single births to nulliparous @entity1 aged 13-24 years (n = 320,174) during 1973-1989. METHODS: Using information recorded in the medical birth registry, linked to a national education register, the effect of low maternal age on adverse outcomes was estimated using logistic regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Late @entity5617 , neonatal and postneonatal mortality and @entity600 . RESULTS: Compared with mothers aged 20-24 years, adjusted risks of neonatal and postneonatal mortality were significantly increased among mothers aged 13-15 years (odds ratios = 2.7 and 2.6, respectively) and among those aged 16-17 years (odds ratios = 1.4 and 2.0, respectively), while mothers aged 18-19 years had a significant increase in risk of postneonatal mortality only (odds ratio = 1.4). Rates of @entity600 (< or = 32 weeks), according to maternal age, were: 13-15 years, 5.9%; 16-17 years, 2.5%; 18-19 years, 1.7%; and 20-24 years, 1.1%. The high rates of @entity600 among young teenagers almost entirely explained the increased risk of neonatal mortality in this group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risks of neonatal and postneonatal mortality among young teenagers may be related to biological immaturity. The increase in risk of neonatal mortality is largely explained by increased rates of @entity600 .

title: Teenage pregnancies and risk of late XXXX and @entity1 mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['very preterm birth', 'preterm birth']

answer: @entity5617 :: (MESH:D005313,Disease) :: ['fetal death']


abstract: The role of @entity8095 in pathogenesis of familial and idiopathic forms of @entity191 , and other @entity1 disorders known as alpha-synucleinopathies, is well established. In contrast, the involvement of two other members of the synuclein family, beta-synuclein and gamma-synuclein, in the development and progression of @entity179 is poorly studied. However, there is a growing body of evidence that @entity8095 and beta-synuclein have opposite neuropathophysiological effects. Unlike @entity8095 , overexpressed beta-synuclein does not cause pathological changes in the nervous system of @entity19 and even ameliorates the pathology caused by overexpressed @entity8095 . To assess the consequences of excess expression of the third family member, gamma-synuclein, on the nervous system we generated @entity19 expressing high levels of @entity19 gamma-synuclein under control of @entity3512 promoter. These animals develop severe age- and transgene dose-dependent @entity51 and die prematurely. Histopathological changes include aggregation of gamma-synuclein, accumulation of various inclusions in neuronal cell bodies and processes, and astrogliosis. These changes are seen throughout the nervous system but are most prominent in the spinal cord where they lead to loss of spinal motor neurons. Our data suggest that down-regulation of small heat shock protein @entity23312 and disintegration of neurofilament network play a role in motor @entity528 and @entity204 . These findings demonstrate that gamma-synuclein can be involved in neuropathophysiological changes and the @entity204 of susceptible neurons suggesting the necessity of further investigations of the potential role of this synuclein in disease.

title: Gamma-synucleinopathy: XXXX associated with overexpression of the @entity19 protein.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathology, motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurons dysfunction']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eight @entity1 with severe @entity4794 underwent double transseptal, double-balloon valvuloplasty; two had isolated @entity4794 , six had additional @entity299 , and one had previous surgical valvotomy. Ages ranged from 0.6 to 36 years (median, 9 years). METHODS AND RESULTS: All procedures were tolerated well. After valvuloplasty, the left atrial a wave minus the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) gradient was reduced from 25 +/- 6 mm Hg to 9 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), the mitral valve mean gradient was reduced from 18 +/- 7 mm Hg to 8 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.003), and the LVEDP was unchanged. All @entity1 had marked clinical improvement. Only one @entity1 developed significant @entity339 . Two of the first four @entity1 underwent repeat balloon valvuloplasty 7 months later. Follow-up evaluation on six @entity1 from 4 to 54 months revealed no recurrence of symptoms or increased @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: Double transseptal, double-balloon valvuloplasty is an effective treatment for many forms of @entity4794 . @entity339 is uncommon after this procedure. The double transseptal approach results in less @entity130 to the @entity2096 and allows easy assessment of any residual postvalvuloplasty gradient.

title: Double-transseptal, double-balloon valvuloplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum and femoral veins']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['congenital mitral stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice Body Mass Index is generally used to evaluate overweight status in adults. The present multicenter study examines whether Body Mass Index (BMI), age- and gender-adjusted Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score, or calculated %body fat is a better predictor for @entity65 risk factors, specifically @entity101 and @entity2299 , in a high-risk population. METHODS: Data of 42 048 adult type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (median age: 67.1 years) from 161 centers in Germany (n=158) and Austria (n=3) registered in a standardized, prospective, computer-based documentation program, were included in the study. For each @entity1 body weight, height, blood pressure and blood lipids were documented. Spearman correlation analyses as well as multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and @entity65 risk factors. RESULTS: Correlation and regression analyses revealed minor, non significant differences between the 3 anthropometric measurements (all p>0.05). In both genders, relationships between anthropometric measurements and @entity101 or reduced HDL- @entity165 were nearly identical. Only for increased @entity1674 , the relations with the 3 anthropometric measurements were significantly stronger in males than in females (p<0.0001, respectively). With increasing age, associations between anthropometric measurements and @entity101 , reduced HDL- @entity165 or increased @entity1674 became weaker. Spearman correlation coefficients for total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 revealed weak associations with the 3 anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSION: Compared to Body Mass Index, age- and gender-adjusted Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score, or calculation of %body fat, has no further benefit to predict @entity65 risk factors in adult type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Is there a benefit to use calculated percent body fat or age- and gender-adjusted BMI-SDS(LMS) to predict risk factors for @entity65 ? A German/Austrian multicenter DPV-Wiss analysis on 42 048 type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Cytochromes @entity11670 2E1 of @entity1 and minipig origin were examined by absorption spectroscopy under high hydrostatic pressure and by resonance Raman spectroscopy. @entity1 enzyme tends to denature to the P420 form more easily than the minipig form; moreover, the apparent compressibility of the heme active site (as judged from a redshift of the absorption maximum with pressure) is greater than that of the minipig counterpart. Relative compactness of the minipig enzyme is also seen in the Raman spectra, where the presence of planar @entity1446 conformation was inferred from band positions characteristic of the low-spin heme with high degree of symmetry. In this respect, the @entity5321 seems to be another example of @entity11670 conformational heterogeneity as shown, e.g., by Davydov et al. for @entity5322 [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 312 (2003) 121-130]. The results indicate that the flexibility of the CYP active site is likely one of its basic structural characteristics.

title: Active sites of two orthologous cytochromes XXXX 2E1: differences revealed by spectroscopic methods.

answer: @entity11670 :: (1555,Gene) :: ['P450']


abstract: 54 @entity1 with high grade malignant @entity1893 (stage II 19, stage @entity18349 , stage IV 25 @entity1 , medium age 56 years) were treated in an ongoing study with the @entity2277 -Bleo/ @entity3726 -regimen: @entity2879 100 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3, @entity1260 1.5 g/m2 i.v. days 1-5 with Mesna for prophylaxis of @entity2335 , @entity1499 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 3, @entity1732 10 mg i.v. days 8 and 15, @entity786 750 mg/m2 day 22, @entity632 50 mg/m2 day 22, @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 day 22 and @entity617 100 mg po days 1-5 and 22-26. Cycles were repeated on day 43. After completion of therapy (4 cycles of @entity2277 -Bleo/ @entity3726 ), 27 out of 35 @entity1 (77%) were in complete remission. 6 @entity1 (17%) had a partial remission and 2 (6%) progressive disease. After a median follow up of 8 months so far, 6 relapses occurred. Probability of survival at 12 months is 82%. @entity137 of treatment was very low with @entity1431 being the main side effect. Only in 2 cycles (3%), major @entity281 were observed. @entity390 and @entity391 were severe only in 4% of @entity1 . We conclude that @entity2277 -Bleo/ @entity3726 is a well tolerated regimen with good remission rates in high grade malignant @entity1893 . However, longer follow up is necessary for a final evaluation.

title: [Sequential alternating chemotherapy of highly malignant XXXX with @entity2277 -Bleo and @entity3726 . Initial results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effect of time and dose on lymph node @entity1496 uptake after subcutaneous or submucosal administration of iodinated nanoparticles used for computed tomography lymphography. METHODS: We injected 0.1-6 ml of a 15% wt/vol iodinated nanoparticle suspension into the distal extremities subcutaneously (n = 5) or into the buccal submucosa (n = 7) of normal @entity235 . Precontrast and 4, 12, 24, and 48 hr after contrast administration, CT scans of opacified lymph nodes were obtained. @entity1496 concentration, node volume, and total @entity1496 uptake were estimated for each node. RESULTS: All estimated parameters increased between 4 and 12 hr postcontrast (p < .05), with no significant increase thereafter. At 24 hr postcontrast, @entity1496 concentration ranged from 0.01 to 16.1 mg/ml (47-568 Hounsfield units). The average @entity1496 concentration and total @entity1496 uptake increased with contrast dose (p < .05) for all lymph node groups evaluated. Node opacification also revealed internal architectural detail. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous and submucosal injections of iodinated nanoparticles result in a dose-dependent @entity1496 uptake in targeted lymph nodes. In addition, architectural detail within opacified nodes can be visualized.

title: Indirect computed tomography lymphography using iodinated nanoparticles: time and dose response in normal XXXX lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['Iodine', 'iodine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: We propose some technique devices for treating simple @entity8 with percutaneous puncture (PCN) to reduce recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 1998, a series of 42 @entity1 , 13 females and 29 males, ranging in age between 49 and 73 were treated for symptomatic @entity5409 . The cysts varied between 7.4 and 13.6 cm in diameter and from 100 to 570 cm(3) in volume. This technique consists of echo-guided emptying of the cyst, and slowly inserting a quantity of pure 95% @entity1068 , equivalent to about 1/3 of the cyst volume, into the cavity. This acts as a sclerosant agent on the cyst walls. The protocol of this technique also includes positioning a curled drainage catheter, for 24-48 h, in suction, to ensure a correct collapse of the cyst walls and to avoid cyst recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 42 @entity1 treated, only 4 did not complete the protocol. In 3 cases, the @entity1 were not able to stand the procedure because of intense @entity158 during cyst filling with @entity167 . The other @entity1 had intracystic @entity548 . The results were evaluated by ultrasonography at 7 days post-operatively and then at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. There was a further follow-up lasting from 12 to 36 months. Of 38 @entity1 treated, 29 (76%) did not have any recurrence. 8 @entity1 (21%) developed a small liquid layer of 3-4 cm, which did not enlarge in subsequent check-ups. We observed a recurrence, which spontaneously reduced in volume, only in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This procedure was simple to apply in an out- @entity1 setting and used low-cost materials which are easily obtained. Moreover, the results appear to confirm the validity of this technique.

title: Percutaneous sclerotization of simple @entity8 with 95% XXXX followed by 24-48 h drainage with nephrostomy tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cystic disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Life-threatening @entity3028 and hepatotoxicity during prophylactic administration of @entity16944 have led to its withdrawal. @entity3028 is thought to involve bioactivation to a protein-reactive @entity56269 metabolite. The @entity137 of @entity16944 and the lack of cheap drugs have prompted a search for alternative antimalarial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolism and neutrophil @entity137 of @entity16944 , @entity32504 , and other related antimalarial agents. Horseradish peroxidase and @entity273 were used to activate drugs to their respective @entity56269 metabolites. Metabolites were trapped as stable @entity2041 conjugates, prior to analysis by LC/MS. @entity16944 was metabolized to a polar metabolite (m/z 661), identified as a @entity2041 adduct. @entity56270 was converted to two polar metabolites. The principal metabolite (m/z 686) was derived from @entity2041 conjugation and side chain elimination, while the minor metabolite gave a protonated molecule (m/z 496). Only parent ions were identified when @entity503 , @entity56271 , or @entity32504 was incubated with the activating system and @entity2041 . Calculation of the heat of formation of the drugs, however, demonstrated that @entity16944 , @entity56270 , @entity56271 , and @entity32504 readily undergo oxidation to their @entity56269 . None of the antimalarial compounds depleted the level of intracellular @entity2041 (1-300 microM) when incubated with neutrophils alone. Additionally, with the exception of @entity56270 , no @entity137 below 100 microM was observed. In the presence of the full activating system, however, all compounds except @entity503 resulted in depletion of the level of @entity2041 and were cytotoxic. Pretreating the cells with @entity2041 and other antioxidants inhibited metabolism-dependent @entity137 . In summary, our data show that @entity16944 and related antimalarials containing a @entity23281 moiety undergo bioactivation in vitro to chemically reactive and cytotoxic intermediates. In particular, @entity32504 , which is currently being investigated in @entity1 , was metabolized to a compound which was @entity137 to neutrophils. Thus, the possibility that it will cause @entity3028 in clinical practice cannot be excluded, and will require careful monitoring.

title: Metabolism-dependent neutrophil XXXX of @entity16944 : A comparison with @entity32504 and related antimalarial drugs.

entities_list: @entity56271 :: ('MESH:C518432', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloquine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity32504 :: ('MESH:C027871', 'Chemical') :: ['pyronaridine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine', 'Amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity56270 :: ('MESH:C044651', 'Chemical') :: ['Tebuquine', 'tebuquine']

entities_list: @entity56269 :: ('CHEBI:50193', 'Chemical') :: ['quinoneimine']

entities_list: @entity23281 :: ('MESH:C026729', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminophenol']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Agranulocytosis', 'agranulocytosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic, systemic @entity792 . Many methods have been used to observe the progress of @entity309 . The purpose of this study was to observe the progress of @entity309 in @entity35 with @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and @entity625 score, and analyze the relationships among different methods in evaluation of @entity309 . METHODS: Sixteen healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 about 8-week old were randomly assigned to a @entity309 group and a control group. @entity291 type II emulsified incomplete Freud's adjuvant was used to induce @entity625 in the @entity309 group. @entity625 score of the @entity35 in two groups were recorded, and @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT, MR imaging were performed both on the corresponding @entity35 every 3 days. All the @entity35 were sacrificed at week 5, and histopathological examination was performed on @entity35 knees stained with @entity6175 and @entity1711 . RESULTS: The @entity625 score and the standard uptake value (SUV) of knee joints in @entity309 @entity35 increased with the progression of @entity625 gradually. Both peaks of @entity625 score and SUV appeared at 21 days after the first immune injection, then the @entity625 score and SUV of knee joints decreased slowly. The @entity625 scores of knee joints in @entity309 @entity35 were positively correlated with their SUV changes. The MR images were confirmed by the histopathological studies. CONCLUSION: PET/CT can detect the earliest molecular metabolism changes of @entity309 , and MR imaging can follow up the dynamical anatomical changes of @entity309 , all of which indicated that PET/CT and MR imaging may be applied as useful tools to monitor the progress of @entity309 .

title: Combination of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is an optimal way to evaluate rheumatoid arthritisin XXXX dynamically.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We assessed diagnostic criteria among 38 spindle cell tumors of the urinary bladder and obtained follow-up in 36 @entity1 . @entity1 comprised 28 males and 10 females aged 2.5 months to 87 years. @entity811 was the commonest presenting symptom (27 @entity1 ). After review and immunohistochemical workup, 17 @entity1 had @entity6437 ( @entity5 ), 4 postoperative spindle cell nodule, 1 @entity2909 , 13 @entity242 (7 low-grade; 6 high-grade), and 3 @entity189 . Mean age was 38 years for @entity6437 (range 15 to 74), 65 for postoperative spindle cell nodule, 51 for @entity242 , and 76 for @entity189 . Size of @entity6437 averaged 4.4 +/- 0.7 cm (range 1.5 to 13.0), similar to @entity242 , 4.0 +/- 0.6 cm (range 0.5 to 7.0). Similar proportions of @entity5 and @entity242 had muscularis propria invasion. The criteria that best differentiated @entity242 from @entity6437 were presence of @entity39 at the @entity5 -detrusor muscle interface in muscle-invasive cases, and nuclear atypia. @entity242 also had less prominent microvasculature, less variable cellularity, consistently > or =1 mitotic figure per 10 high-power fields, and predominant @entity32 without plasma cells. @entity876 protein nuclear immunostaining was moderate, unlike the rare to absent staining in @entity6437 . Because all 12 @entity242 were desmin-negative, we did not call them @entity1822 ; they overlapped with @entity5 in epithelial, mesenchymal, and actin immunostaining. Among 12 @entity242 @entity1 , 2 died of @entity5 (at 3 months). Two of four experienced @entity5 recurrence after partial cystectomy (2 and 26 months). No @entity6437 recurred after transurethral resection or partial cystectomy, although one @entity1 , 5 months after transurethral resection, had histologically identical @entity6437 that the surgeon considered residual. Another @entity1 with @entity6437 , not a candidate for @entity5 ablation after transurethral resection, had continued @entity5 growth and he died of urosepsis. In conclusion, @entity6437 , although overlapping with @entity242 in presentation, age range, and size, does not metastasize and remains histologically distinct from @entity8597 .

title: XXXX and sarcoma of urinary bladder: differential diagnosis and outcome in thirty-eight spindle cell neoplasms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'benign tumors', 'myofibroblastic tumor']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor', 'inflammatory pseudotumor', 'pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor']