abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine associations of objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with @entity458 outcomes including @entity308 symptoms, @entity148 , and overall satisfaction with life in @entity694 survivors. METHODS: @entity694 survivors (N   =   180) from Alberta, Canada (n   =   91), and Western Australia (n   =   89) completed a mailed survey that assessed @entity308 symptom severity, @entity148 , and satisfaction with life (SWL). Sedentary time and MVPA were assessed using the Actigraph(  ) GT3X+ accelerometer (60-s epochs) via a 7-day monitoring protocol. MVPA and sedentary time were corrected for wear time and then examined as quartiles (Q). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine associations of MVPA and sedentary time with @entity458 . RESULTS: There was a significant association between @entity458 outcomes and objectively assessed MVPA [Wilks'      =   0.886, F(3382.2)   =   2.156, p   =   0.024] that suggested a small and significant association between MVPA and SWL (p   =   0.032). A significant multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) [Wilks'      =   0.945, F(3159)   =   3.1, p   =   0.028] suggested @entity1 meeting guidelines reported significantly fewer @entity148 (M diff   =   -1.23, p   =   0.027) and higher perceptions of SWL (M diff   =   3.0, p   =   0.008). No significant associations emerged for sedentary time [Wilks'      =   0.956, F(9382.3)   =   0.788, p   =   0.628]. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previously published research using self-reports, objectively assessed MVPA and sedentary time were not associated with @entity308 symptoms. Objectively assessed MVPA was associated with SWL and @entity148 outcomes in @entity694 survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: @entity694 survivors should continue to engage in regular and sustained MVPA for the accrual of @entity458 .

title: Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among @entity694 survivors: associations with XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health benefits', 'psychological health']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'state anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological health']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics of sigmoid plate dehiscence (SPD) causing pulsatile @entity392 (PT) on CT arteriography and venography (CTA + V). METHODS: Thirty PT @entity1 treated successfully with SPD reconstruction were enrolled. Sixty asymptomatic @entity1 were matched. The location, extent, number of SPD cases and concomitant signs, including venous outflow dominance, @entity2458 , high jugular bulb, temporal bone pneumatization, height of pituitary gland and pituitary fossa, abnormal mastoid emissary vein, were detected and compared using CTA + V. RESULTS: More than one SPD was found on the symptomatic side in 13/30 PT @entity1 (43.3  %). The upper segment of the sigmoid plate was involved in 29/44 SPDs in the vertical direction (65.9  %); the lateral wall was involved in 38/44 SPDs in the horizontal direction (86.4  %). Singular SPD was detected in 3/60 asymptomatic @entity1 (1.67        0.35  mm(2)), less so in PT @entity1 (7.97        5.17  mm(2)). Compared with the control group, ipsilateral venous outflow dominance, high jugular bulb and bilateral @entity2458 were more common in the PT group, together with deeper pituitary fossa and flatter pituitary glands. CONCLUSION: SPD causing PT has characteristic CT findings. It may be generated by vascular or intracranial pressure abnormalities and act as a common key to triggering PT's perception. KEY POINTS:     Pulsatile @entity392 (PT) caused by sigmoid plate dehiscence (SPD) may be cured.     SPD causing PT has some characteristic findings on CT.     SPD may be a common key to triggering PT's perception.     Thin-slice high resolution CT venography is recommended for SPD assessment.     The relationship between intracranial pressure and SPD causing PT should be studied.

title: CT evaluation of sigmoid plate dehiscence causing pulsatile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['transverse sinus stenosis']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: This randomized, multicenter, phase III trial was conducted to compare the tolerability of @entity136 plus @entity900 (GP) vs. @entity136 plus @entity3003 (GC) in chemonaive @entity1 with stage IIIb and IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Secondary objectives were to evaluate response, duration of response, @entity74 ( @entity74 ), and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were required to have stage IIIb or IV @entity1149 , no previous chemotherapy, Karnofsky performance status of at least 70, bidimensionally measurable disease, and age 18-75 years. Randomized @entity1 in both arms were given @entity136 1200 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, followed on day 1 by @entity900 80 mg/m(2) (GP) or @entity3003 AUC=5 (GC). Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles, or until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 occurred. RESULTS: Enrolled @entity1 in both arms, 87 in GP and 89 in GC, were well balanced for demographics and disease characteristics. Dose intensity was 93.8 and 92.7% for @entity136 in GP/GC arms, respectively; 97.7% for @entity900 and 99.9% for @entity3003 . @entity1 with at least one grade 3/4 @entity137 excluding @entity390 , @entity391 or @entity1665 , were 44% in GP arm and 54% in GC arm. The only significantly different @entity137 were, @entity390 and @entity391 in GP and @entity882 in GC group. The overall response rates, median @entity74 , response duration and survival were, 41/29%, 5.87/4.75 months, 7.48/5.15 months, and 8.75/7.97 months for GP and GC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: GP and GC are effective and feasible regimens for advanced @entity1149 , and are comparable in efficacy and @entity137 . GC may offer acceptable option to @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , especially those who are unable to receive @entity900 .

title: @entity136 plus @entity900 vs. @entity136 plus @entity3003 in stage IIIb and IV XXXX : a phase III randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time to progressive disease', 'TTPD']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with composite bone non-union and soft tissue defects are difficult to treat. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) combined with open bone grafting is one of the most effective treatments at present. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate the effect and mechanism of VAC combined with open bone grafting to promote @entity95 bone graft vascularization, and to propose a theoretical basis for clinical work. MATERIAL/METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white @entity95 were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Allogeneic bones were grafted and banded with the proximal femur with a suture. The experimental group had VAC whereas the control group had normal wound closure. The bone vascularization rate was compared based on X-ray imaging, fluorescent bone labeling (labeled @entity803 and @entity5384 ), @entity460 content in the callus, and expression of @entity33326 ( @entity33326 ) in bone allografts by Western blot analysis at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week after surgery. RESULTS: At the 4th, 8th, and 12th week after surgery, the results of the tests demonstrated that the callus was larger, contained more @entity460 (p<0.05), and expressed @entity33326 at higher levels (p<0.05) in the experimental group than in the control group. Fluorescent bone labeling showed the distance between the two fluorescent ribbons was significantly shorter in the control group than in the experimental group at the 8th and 12th week after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: VAC combined with open bone grafting promoted @entity95 bone graft vascularization.

title: Effect of vacuum-assisted closure combined with open bone grafting to promote XXXX bone graft vascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Patent urachus is a rare @entity154 . Since its first description by Cabriolus in 1550, few cases have been reported. A 26-year-old Vietnamese primigravida presented at 20 weeks of gestation for evaluation of a @entity3928 in the umbilical cord, which was first discovered at week 13 of pregnancy by ultrasound scan. The @entity3928 originated from the root of the umbilical cord, connected to the urinary bladder, and no intestinal contents were enclosed within. Doppler ultrasound assessment showed that the single umbilical artery existed within the normal range. The progression of the umbilical cyst continued to be screened, but the mass disappeared on ultrasound images at 27 weeks of gestation. This led to the consideration of the cyst's @entity397 . After 38 gestational weeks, the pregnant @entity1 delivered a 3350g male @entity1 via cesarean section because of an obstructed vaginal labor. The following days, a stream of urine was recorded leaking out from the umbilical mass whenever he cried. Seven weeks after delivery, an open surgical approach was successfully performed. The baby is now 43 months of age, growing and developing normally. Since an @entity45 with patent urachus is a rare clinical entity, early discovery, close monitoring and accurate diagnosis through ultrasound in the prenatal period may consequently allow clinicians to have suitable attitudes towards management when the @entity1 is born.

title: Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an XXXX with patent urachus and single umbilical artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['allantoic cyst']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['allantoic cyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is currently standard treatment in early stage @entity2 . The aim of the present study was to identify stage-related factors and @entity1 characteristics influencing survival after complete resection. METHODS: We identified 395 @entity1 with @entity1149 who had undergone potentially radical operation during 1987 to 1999 at one thoracic surgery institution in central Sweden. Factors independently related to survival were identified in a multivariate analysis. Survival was analyzed in low-, medium-, and high-risk groups based on a risk score calculated from relative hazards for identified risk factors. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival among the 395 @entity1 was 51%. The strongest factor predicting prognosis was positive lymph nodes at operation. Higher age, earlier period for operation, impaired lung function, current smoking, and major operative complication were all related to poorer prognosis. @entity1 with @entity5 stage Ia had a 5-year survival of 69%, compared to 73% in @entity1 in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 stage is the best prognostic indicator after radical operation. Inclusion of other @entity5 - and @entity1 -related variables did not add prognostic information of clinical relevance beyond that provided by @entity5 stage alone.

title: Survival in primary @entity2 potentially cured by operation: influence of XXXX stage and clinical characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A consistent finding of recent research on @entity4589 ( @entity4589 ) in healthy @entity1 has been an attenuation of respiratory discomfort (dyspnoea) during exercise. We argue that the neurophysiology of dyspnoea can be explained in terms of Cambell's paradigm of length-tension inappropriateness. In the context of this paradigm, changes in the contractile properties of the respiratory muscles modify the intensity of dyspnoea predominantly by changing the required level of motor outflow to these respiratory muscles. Thus, factors that impair the contractile properties of the respiratory muscles (e.g. the pattern of tension development, functional weakening and fatigue) have the potential to increase the intensity of dyspnoea, while factors that improve the contractile properties of these respiratory muscles (e.g. @entity4589 ) have the potential to reduce the intensity of dyspnoea. In @entity1 with @entity3885 , functional weakening of the inspiratory muscles in response to @entity358 appears to be a central component of dyspnoea. A decrease in the intensity of respiratory effort sensation (during exercise and loaded breathing) has been observed in both healthy individuals and @entity1 with @entity3885 after @entity4589 . We conclude that @entity4589 has the potential to reduce the severity of dyspnoea in healthy individuals and in @entity1 with @entity3885 , and that this probably occurs via a reduction in the level of motor outflow. Further work is required to clarify the role of @entity4589 in the management of other disease conditions in which the function of the respiratory muscles is impaired, or the loads that they must overcome are elevated (e.g. @entity4094 ).

title: Dyspnoea in health and XXXX : the role of respiratory muscle function and training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle training', 'RMT']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic lung hyperinflation']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: AIM: Ghrelin, a gastric peptide, is involved in several metabolic and cardiovascular processes. Emerging evidence indicates the potential involvement of ghrelin in low-grade inflammatory diseases such as @entity731 and @entity101 . Cytokine-induced @entity32 is critical in these pathological states. The @entity14950 ( @entity14950 ) has been identified in blood vessels, so we predict that ghrelin might inhibit proinflammatory responses in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The aim of this study is to examine the effect of ghrelin on angiotension II (AngII)-induced expression of @entity310 , @entity2842 , @entity687 in HUVECs. METHOD: HUVECs were pretreated with ghrelin, with or without the specific antagonist of @entity14950 [D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, the selective inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) PDTC, and the selective inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity1366 ) PD98059. The cells were finally treated with AngII. The expression of @entity310 , @entity2842 , @entity687 was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of @entity1366 and NF-kB was analyzed by Western blot. RESULT: our study showed that ghrelin inhibited AngII -induced expression of @entity687 , @entity310 and @entity2842 in the HUVECs via @entity14950 pathway in concentration- and time-dependent manners. We also found that ghrelin inhibited AngII -induced activation of @entity1366 and NF-kB. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that Ghrelin may play novel antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory roles in HUVECs.

title: Ghrelin inhibits AngII -induced expression of @entity310 , @entity687 , @entity2842 in XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity14950 :: ('2693', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone secretagogue receptor', 'GHSR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Working with @entity1 with @entity1032 is very challenging and mental health workers can have a significant impact on the mental status of their @entity1 . Few studies have been published that describe training programmes for this staff group. AIM: This paper aims to describe and evaluate a training programme for generic mental health workers used in the context of a residential unit for 'difficult to place' mentally ill @entity1 . METHOD: The staff training programme was adapted from a previous programme showing good efficacy. It was conducted over 10 sessions and addressed a wide range of issues relating to the management of mentally ill @entity1 , with the use of a variety of teaching methods. Twenty-nine generic mental health workers participated in the programme. The impact of the programme was examined using a knowledge questionnaire and a semi-structured questionnaire exploring the range and use of management strategies by staff members. RESULTS: Comparison of pre- and post-training measures indicated that the training programme increased staff knowledge of @entity161 and the use of certain management skills, in particular, systematic strategies to effect change. This included increased use of structured programmes with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The training programme was effective in increasing knowledge and skills of staff and could be used with a variety of @entity146 staff. There are numerous limitations to this study, in particular the poor attendance rates which are likely to have decreased the impact of the programme.

title: Improving the knowledge and skills of XXXX nurses: efficacy of a staff training programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The fungal @entity4583 pathway consists of five enzymes, @entity3650 reductase, L- @entity55478 4-dehydrogenase, @entity45067 reductase, @entity8372 dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase. All the genes encoding the enzymes of this pathway are known except for that of @entity45067 reductase (EC 1.1.1.10). We identified a gene encoding this enzyme from the filamentous fungus @entity8869 ( @entity8869 ). The gene was named lxr1. It was overexpressed in the @entity375 @entity375 , and the enzyme activity was confirmed in a @entity375 cell extract. Overexpression of all enzymes of the @entity4583 pathway in @entity375 led to growth of @entity375 on @entity4583 ; i.e., we could show that the pathway is active in a heterologous host. The lxr1 gene encoded a protein with 266 @entity1522 and a calculated molecular mass of 28 428 Da. The LXRI protein is an @entity1110 -specific reductase. It has activity with @entity45067 , @entity67043 , @entity8691 , and @entity62329 . The highest affinity is toward @entity45067 (K(m) = 16 mM). In the reverse direction, we found activity with @entity8372 , @entity10499 , @entity2656 , and @entity37157 . It requires a bivalent cation for activity. It belongs to the protein family of short chain dehydrogenases. The enzyme is catalytically similar and homologous in sequence to a @entity2656 : @entity1110 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.138).

title: The missing link in the fungal @entity4583 catabolic pathway, identification of the XXXX reductase gene.

entities_list: @entity10499 :: ('MESH:C014999', 'Chemical') :: ['D-arabinitol']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['D-mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8691 :: ('CHEBI:48095', 'Chemical') :: ['D-fructose']

entities_list: @entity67043 :: ('CHEBI:17140', 'Chemical') :: ['D-xylulose']

entities_list: @entity8869 :: ('51453', 'Species') :: ['Hypocrea jecorina', 'Trichoderma reesei']

entities_list: @entity55478 :: ('CHEBI:22605', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinitol']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arabinose']

entities_list: @entity45067 :: ('CHEBI:17399', 'Chemical') :: ['L-xylulose']

entities_list: @entity37157 :: ('CHEBI:17924', 'Chemical') :: ['D-sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity45067 :: (CHEBI:17399,Chemical) :: ['L-xylulose']


abstract: The fine structural alterations of cortical capillary basement membrane have been studied in 16 @entity1 with perifocal @entity4 associated to @entity1313 , @entity130 complicated with @entity3439 or @entity3609 and @entity600 , such as @entity1276 , @entity3686 and @entity455 . The basement membrane displayed homogeneous and nodular thickening, vacuolization, rarefaction and reduplication. Its average @entity121 varied according to the etiology and severity of @entity2657 . In nine @entity1 with moderate @entity2657 the @entity121 ranged from 71.97 to 191.90 nm and in the remaining seven @entity1 with severe @entity2657 it varied from 206.66 to 404.22 nm. The basement membrane complex appeared apparently intact in moderate @entity4 and showed glio-basal dissociation in severe @entity4 . In areas of highly increased cerebro-vascular permeability, the basement membrane showed matrix disorganization and bifurcations acting as abluminal transcapillary channels. In regions of total @entity39 , its structural stability was lost showing loosening, dissolution and @entity397 . Proliferation of collagen fibers was also found in three cases. Basement membrane swelling was interpreted as an overhydration of its matrix. The thickening, rarefaction and vacuolization seem to be induced by the increased vacuolar and vesicular transendothelial transport. The degenerated areas feature a finely granular precipitate interpreted as a protein or glycoprotein degraded matrix.

title: Ultrastructural alterations of @entity1 cortical capillary basement membrane in perifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural or epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['brain necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Arnold-Chiari and Alport's syndromes"]

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the decline of discrete cognitive domains as individuals progress from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity303 . Thus, the goal of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the cognitive changes underway during the years preceding a diagnosis of probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and to compare these changes to those found in @entity73 @entity1 who do not progress to @entity303 . @entity1 were compared as a function of whether they later converted to @entity195 (n=47) or not (n=74). Cognitive change was assessed prior to the conversion year, using that year as a starting point. A combination of polynomial regression analyses and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of @entity73 for each domain and 2) the differences between non-progressors and those who had converted to @entity195 . The different cognitive domains demonstrated very different patterns of decline in the group of @entity73 progressors. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by a rapid decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for delayed @entity2414 , and spatial memory. In contrast, a gradual linear decline was observed for immediate recall, executive function, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, language in progressors was impaired on all time periods relative to non-progressors, but there was no further change between the first assessments and conversion to @entity195 . Individuals with @entity73 who progress to @entity195 at least two years prior to their @entity303 diagnosis. The pattern of symptom change observed appears to depend upon the cognitive domain and thus, clinical studies should not assume similar rate of decline across domains. In contrast and, apart from verbal memory, the non-progressors present a performance similar to that of healthy older adults.

title: Patterns of @entity73 Prior to XXXX in @entity1 with Mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD show abnormal cognition', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['recall, working memory']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Subgroups having dissimilar prognoses are being identified among @entity5 @entity1 with @entity281 . Previous studies have suggested that these differences may be related to the histologic diagnosis, but this issue has not as yet been demonstrated. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 admitted with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) or @entity706 (ML) from 1988 to 1998. Incidence of @entity2259 was calculated for the following subgroups: @entity981 ( @entity981 ), @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), @entity3052 following @entity417 ( @entity3052 - @entity7139 ), high-grade ML (HGML), intermediate-grade ML (IGML), low-grade ML (LGML) and indeterminate ML (IML). Kaplan-Meier curves of time to the first positive blood culture were constructed and compared by means of log-rank test. RESULTS: In the period covered there were 244 new diagnoses of @entity3052 or ML: 62 @entity3052 , 32 @entity981 , 20 @entity3052 - @entity7139 , 78 HGML, 7 IGML, 37 LGML and 6 IML. At the end of the study period, 44 @entity1 were alive, 147 were known to have died at a certain date and 53 had been formally lost to follow-up (most of them, transferred for hospice care). Among 684 blood cultures, there were 51 contaminations and 155 significant isolates. Among the latter, gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 74 and gram-negative bacteria in 47; in 27 cases more than 1 bacterial species were recovered. Fungi were isolated in 7 cases. The incidence of @entity2259 expressed as cases per 1000 @entity1 -days was 5.80 for @entity3052 , 5.03 for @entity3052 - @entity7139 , 1.56 for @entity981 , 0.21 for HGML and 0.40 for the remaining ML. Time to the first positive blood culture was significantly shorter for @entity3052 than for any other group, and was shorted for @entity981 and @entity3052 - @entity7139 than for ML. CONCLUSION: Differences in the incidence of @entity2259 were observed among histologically-defined groups of unselected @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: [Incidence of XXXX among histologic groups of @entity1583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anaemia with excess blasts']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'AML', 'acute leukemia', 'acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 developed gait disturbance and @entity2147 over a period of a month. General physical examination revealed @entity4 . On neurological examinations she was fully orientated but hypersomnic; short term memory disturbance, @entity346 were observed. Electroencephalography disclosed a tendency for easily decreasing vigilance with delta activities but normal dominant rhythm. Cerebrospinal fluid examinations showed increased protein amounts (109 mg/dl) without either @entity491 . An echogram of the breasts revealed a tiny mass in the left side. Pathological studies on a biopsied lymph node and the mass in her left breast showed a @entity189 . Brain MRI was normal, and no anti-neuronal antibody was detected in sera by two dimensional immunoblotting using @entity1 brain crude antigens. She was diagnosed as having @entity14204 ( @entity14204 ) associated with @entity0 . Over 42 hours polysomnography showed long @entity25 ( @entity25 ) with a high ratio of sleep stage 1/ @entity25 and no @entity1949 ; this resembled a thalamic-hypothalamic damaged sleep pattern. At first she was treated with plasma exchanges, but no improvement was observed. Hormonal and chemotherapies produced partial resolution of her neurologic symptoms and there were signs of reduction of the breast mass. Most reported @entity14204 cases with @entity2147 have been associated with @entity5 and anti-Ma antibodies. The present case is an extremely rare example manifesting @entity2147 without either @entity5 or anti-Ma antibody. Since anti- @entity5 therapy successfully ameliorated her neurologic symptoms, cell-mediated immunity against a common @entity5 and neuronal antigens rather than hormonal immunity may have played a role in the development of her @entity14204 .

title: [A XXXX with @entity14204 induced by @entity0 presenting with @entity2147 ].

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node swelling']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammillary duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal gaze evoked nystagmus and ataxic gait']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['pleocytosis or atypical cells']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['PLE', 'paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1691 is a very uncommon finding in @entity1 with @entity370 . Thirteen cases have been reported in the literature. We report a new case. Observation. - A 40-year-old @entity1 had @entity1643 since 1983 which formerly responded to nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). He developed @entity1353 and @entity1910 in 1993. Physical exam found cervical and lumbar spine stiffness and violaceous and circular lesions on the forehead, nose and right cheek. Laboratory tests showed: ESR at 50 mm, increased serum angiotensin-1-converting enzyme, and negative @entity1530 . X-rays showed @entity3799 and cervical facet joint @entity3947 . The plain chest x-ray showed an @entity1986 . Chest CT scan showed mediastinal adenopathies. Skin biopsy disclosed non-caseating epitheliod and @entity2253 . Outcome was good with @entity134 therapy but back @entity158 was only improved by NSAIDs. DISCUSSION: - This association raises a diagnostical problem because spine involvement in @entity370 can mimic @entity1691 . It also suggests the hypothesis of a pathophysiological link between the two diseases.

title: [ XXXX and @entity1691 . A case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2253 :: ('MESH:D006101', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'Ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac ankylosis, cervical and lumbar syndesmophytes']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity66396 ( @entity66396 ) on the biological behaviors of cell and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by P2Y purinergic receptor agonist @entity855 in the @entity263 cell line 1E8. METHODS: 1E8 cells were cultured. The recombinant plasmid pcDL-SRalpha296- @entity66396 containing the @entity1 wild type @entity66396 cDNA and blank vector pcDL-SRalpha were co-transfected with pcDNA3 vector plasmid into the 1E8 cells respectively to get strong expression clones. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of @entity66396 mRNA. @entity855 , @entity8047 inhibitor @entity4286 , and @entity3963 inhibitor @entity1441 were added into the culture. Then the total protein was extracted, @entity214 -PAGE and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of @entity3963 and @entity1366 induced by @entity855 with phosphospecific antibodies directed against the dually phosphorylated, active forms of @entity3963 and @entity1366 . The in vitro growth curve was drawn, soft agar colony formation test was made, and Matrigel membrane-penetrating experiment was made to test the invasion ability of 1E8 cells. RESULTS: The activity of @entity3963 and that of @entity1366 of the 1E8 cells untreated by @entity855 were almost undetected. @entity855 time-dependently stimulated the activities of @entity1366 and @entity3963 kinases, inhibited the in vitro growth and colony formation on soft agar, and promoted the in vitro invasion of 1E8 cells. @entity66396 -transfection effectively inhibited the @entity3963 activity induced by @entity855 and blocked the effects by @entity855 stimulation on 1E8 cells. The activity of @entity3963 kinase was significantly decreased both in the control and @entity66396 transfected cells that were pretreated with @entity1441 and then with @entity855 with an inhibition rates of 83.14% and 58.00% (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003). The growth of cells transfected with @entity66396 was significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) and further inhibited by addition of @entity855 . The inhibition of growth of @entity66396 -transfected cells by @entity855 could be partially reversed by pretreatment of @entity4286 (P < 0.05). The number of cells transfected with @entity66396 that penetrated the membrane was significantly less than that of the control cells (P = 0.000 9). @entity855 increased the penetrating ability of different cells (all P < 0.01), and this action was partially inhibited by @entity66396 transfection and addition of @entity1441 (P < 0.001), but not by the addition of @entity4286 . @entity855 treatment decreased the colony formation on soft agar of different cells, especially of the @entity66396 transfected cells (P < 0.001). Such action was partially reversed by @entity1441 and @entity4286 . CONCLUSION: The @entity3963 and @entity1366 pathways exert different effects on the in vitro growth, invasion and colony formation of 1E8 @entity263 cells related to @entity855 . The @entity3963 pathway may be more important in the invasive capability of 1E8 cells. @entity66396 plays an important role in the regulation of @entity3963 action.

title: [Mechanism of the @entity66396 regulating the growth and invasion of a @entity1 XXXX cell line].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66396 :: ('11221', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-5', 'MKP5']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is associated with shorter survival in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity2 cells express opioid receptors. Opioids promote angiogenesis, @entity5 growth, and @entity3 , and shorten survival in animal models. METHODS: We examined retrospectively if long-term opioid requirement, independently of @entity1118 , is associated with reduced survival in 209 @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 . Opioid doses were converted to average oral @entity1286 equivalents (OME). @entity1 were stratified by proportion of time they reported severe @entity158 , and required <5 or >= 5 mg day(-1) OME. Effects of @entity158 , opioid requirement, and known prognostic variables on overall survival were analysed. RESULTS: Severe @entity158 before chemotherapy initiation was associated with shorter survival (hazards ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.87, P=0.035). The magnitude of @entity158 and opioid requirement during first 90 days of chemotherapy were predictive of shorter survival: @entity1 with no/mild @entity158 and requiring <5 mg day(-1) OME had 12 months longer median survival compared with those requiring more opioids, experiencing more @entity158 , or both (18 compared with 4.2-7.7 months, P <=0.002). Survival differences (16 compared with 5.5-7.8 months, P<0.001) were similar when @entity1118 and opioid requirement were assessed until death or last follow-up. In multivariable models, opioid requirement and @entity1118 remained independent predictors of survival, after adjustment for age, stage, and performance status. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of chronic @entity5 or greater opioid requirement is associated with shorter survival in advanced @entity1149 , independently of known prognostic factors. While @entity158 adversely influences prognosis, controlling it with opioids does not improve survival. Prospective studies should determine if @entity158 control using equi-analgesic opioid-sparing approaches can improve outcomes.

title: Association of opioid requirement and @entity5 with survival in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related pain', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity518 is a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that binds toll-like receptors (e.g. @entity2939 ) and the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). Direct effects of @entity518 on airway structural cells are not fully known. As epithelial cell responses are fundamental drivers of @entity565 , including abnormal repair-restitution linked to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that @entity518 promotes bronchial epithelial cell wound repair via @entity2939 and/or @entity4283 signalling that regulates ECM (fibronectin and the y2 chain of laminin-5) and integrin protein abundance. To assess impact of @entity518 we used molecular and pharmacological inhibitors of @entity4283 or @entity2939 signalling in scratch wound, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays to assess wound repair, ECM synthesis and phosphorylation of intracellular signalling. @entity518 increased wound closure and this effect was attenuated by blocking @entity4283 and @entity2939 signalling. @entity518 induced fibronectin and laminin-5 (y2 chain) was diminished by blocking @entity4283 and/or blunting @entity2939 signalling. Similarly, induction of a3 integrin receptor for fibronectin and laminin-5 was also diminished by blocking @entity2939 signalling and @entity4283 . Lastly, rapid and/or sustained phosphorylation of @entity2536 , @entity1366 and JNK signalling modulated @entity518 induced wound closure. Our findings suggest a role for @entity518 in @entity1 airway epithelial cell repair and restitution via multiple pathways mediated by @entity2939 and @entity4283 that underpin increased ECM synthesis and modulation of cell-matrix adhesion.

title: @entity518 ( @entity518 ) promotes extracellular matrix synthesis and wound repair in XXXX bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycated end products', 'RAGE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite promising results using probiotics, evidence of the preventive effect on enamel demineralization is insufficient and the cariogenic potential of probiotics is still controversial. Probiotics could affect biofilm formation and interfere with adherence, growth or coaggregation with @entity6586 in biofilms. However, most of the studies have been conducted using planktonic bacteria. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotic bacteria on the cariogenicity of @entity6586 using an in vitro biofilm caries model on enamel. Single-species biofilms ( @entity7653 , SM or @entity10263 LB21, LB) or dual-species biofilms simultaneously inoculated (SM + LB) or LB inoculated 8 h after SM (SM x2192; LB) were grown for 96 h. Biofilms were formed on @entity291 enamel saliva-coated slabs of known surface hardness (SH) and immersed in culture media. Biofilms were exposed 8 times per day to 10% @entity969 . Medium pH was monitored twice daily as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 96 h, biofilms were collected to determine biomass and bacteria viability. Slab demineralization was calculated as percentage of SH loss (%SHL). Additionally, the model was tested with different concentrations of the initial inoculum (103, 106, 108 cells/ml) and different adhesion times (2 or 8 h). The dual-species biofilm revealed no LB effects on SM cariogenicity, without changes in acidogenicity or %SHL among groups (p > 0.05, n = 12). Lack of activity of LB on SM cariogenicity persisted even when 105 times higher concentration of the probiotic was tested. Coaggregation was not observed. In conclusion, findings suggest that LB does not reduce cariogenicity of SM in a validated experimental caries model.

title: Effect of the Probiotic XXXX LB21 on the Cariogenicity of @entity7653 in a Dual-Species Biofilm Model.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity10263 :: (47715,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the @entity137 and feasibility of adding @entity1311 to a standard @entity902 / @entity2879 regimen in the first-line treatment of @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity66 without distant metastases (ED I) were treated in this multi-centered phase II trial between April 1996 and June 1997. @entity1311 administration (175 mg/m(2) by a 1 h intravenous infusion) was immediately followed by a 30 min infusion of @entity3003 at an area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of 5 on day 1 and @entity2879 50 mg orally twice daily (bid) was given on days 2-8. Courses were repeated every 21 days. @entity1 who had an objective response continued treatment for a maximum of 6 courses. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were assessable for response. Overall response rate (RR) was 82.1% with 17.8% complete remissions and 64.3% partial remissions. Median survival for @entity66 @entity1 was 20.5 months with a 1 year survival rate of 71.4% and a 3 year survival rate of 21.4%. Median survival of ED I @entity1 was 11 months with a 1 year survival rate of 31.3% and a 3 year survival rate of 3.1%. Overall median survival was 18.1 months with a 1 year survival rate of 56.8% and a 3 year survival rate of 14.8%. Median progression-free intervals were 12.3 months for @entity1 with @entity66 stage of the disease and 8 months with ED I stage. Grade 3/4 @entity137 was primarily hematologic. Grade 3/4 @entity1210 occurred in 16.0% of courses and febrile episodes were detected in 0.3% of courses. @entity1503 were uncommon. Grade 3 GI-tract @entity137 or @entity1897 appeared in less than 1% of the courses. @entity137 were detected according to WHO @entity137 criteria. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 can be added at full dose (175 mg/m(2)) to a @entity3003 / @entity2879 combination while maintaining a tolerable @entity137 profile. Efficacy data, RR, progression-free interval and survival in both, extensive and limited stage @entity1 compare favorably with other reported data. This new regimen will be further evaluated in comparison to standard regimens in a phase III trial.

title: Long-term survival in @entity151 after treatment with XXXX , @entity3003 and @entity2879 --a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'limited disease', 'LD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Even though the coronary care units have reduced to a minimum the mortality due to @entity943 , the syndromes of @entity1002 are responsible for the greatest part of hospital deaths in @entity1 with @entity583 . The poor results depend upon the extensive destruction of left ventricular mass. The management in these cases should be directed to improve the performance of viable muscle as well as to preserve thejeopardized ischemic myocardium that is potentially viable. These goals may be adequately pursued by continuous hemodynamic characterization of left ventricular function. The experience of the Coronary Care Unit of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog  a de M  xico in the study of 30 of these @entity1 is presented. Hemodynamic evaluations were performed by means of a Swan-Ganz catheter and cardiac output determinations by the thermodilution technique. The studies may be performed with a minimum of risk. Central venous pressure measurements do not adequately indicate the status of the left ventricle. Its function may be evaluated by the use of end @entity551 which reflects, quite accurately, the left ventricular filling pressure in these @entity1 . Continuous hemodynamic monitorization facilitates the proper manipulation of the determinants of ventricular performance (preload, afterload, cardiac rate and contractility) and permits an attempt to improve the balance between available @entity26 and myocardial @entity26 requirements. Hemodynamic studies and ventricular function curves are presented in selected @entity1 with @entity583 . The mortality due to @entity1002 and @entity1455 in @entity1 with @entity583 remains extremely high. However, it is only through the early recognition by continuous hemodynamic monitorization and the aggressive management of the @entity1 with incipient @entity1002 that the number of survivors may be increased.

title: [Hemodynamic evaluation in acute XXXX . Application to the treatment of contractile insufficiency syndromes of the left ventricle].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protective ventilation is a treatment strategy for @entity1 with @entity649 . The main goals are the prevention of de-recruitment and overinflation and hence development of VILI. Therefore, protective ventilation is an individualised therapy by adjusting PEEP and Vt in respect to @entity1 ' own volume-pressure-curve. Nowadays the term "protective ventilation" is reduced to ventilation with Vt 6 ml/kg only. Although protective ventilatory strategies are used in @entity1 with severe @entity358 there is a trend to tranfer this strategy to healthy @entity1 undergoing surgery. In ventilated @entity1 with healthy lungs a ventilation with Vt higher than 17 ml/kg seems to increase the risk for development of VILI. Nevertheless, many studies show a association between application of protective intraoperative ventilatory strategies and a reduced rate of @entity260 . However, "protective ventilation" has not been standardised yet, and the adequate Vt and @entity9239 in an individual @entity1 undergoing surgery has still to be clarified. Therefore, due to inconsistent intraoperative ventilation and methodical flaws it remains questionable if a generalized Vt reduction copes this complex topic. One should be aware that reduction of Vt may increase the rate of @entity891 and has been shown to be associated with increased mortality.

title: [Protective ventilation reduces XXXX - Contra].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary impairment']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications']


abstract: Importance: The combination of @entity28 and foregut surgery puts @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery at high risk for @entity260 . Postoperative incentive spirometry (IS) is a ubiquitous practice; however, little evidence exists on its effectiveness. Objective: To determine the effect of postoperative IS on @entity519 , arterial @entity26 saturation (Sao2) level, and @entity358 after bariatric surgery. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A randomized noninferiority clinical trial enrolled @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery from May 1, 2015, to June 30, 2016. @entity1 were randomized to postoperative IS (control group) or clinical observation (test group) at a single-center tertiary referral teaching hospital. Analysis was based on the evaluable population. Interventions: The controls received the standard of care with IS use 10 times every hour while awake. The test group did not receive an IS device or these orders. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was frequency of @entity519 , defined as an Sao2 level of less than 92% without supplementation at 6, 12, and 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes were Sao2 levels at these times and the rate of 30-day @entity260 . Results: A total of 224 @entity1 (50 @entity1 [22.3%] and 174 @entity1 [77.7%]; mean [SD] age, 45.6 [11.8] years) were enrolled, and 112 were randomized for each group. Baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. No significant differences in frequency of @entity86 between the control and test groups were found at 6 (11.9% vs 10.4%; P   =   .72), 12 (5.4% vs 8.2%; P   =   .40), or 24 (3.7% vs 4.6%; P   =   .73) postoperative hours. No significant differences were observed in mean (SD) Sao2 level between the control and test groups at 6 (94.9% [3.2%] vs 94.9% [2.9%]; P   =   .99), 12 (95.4% [2.2%] vs 95.1% [2.5%]; P   =   .40), or 24 (95.7% [2.4%] vs 95.6% [2.4%]; P   =   .69) postoperative hours. Rates of 30-day @entity260 did not differ between groups (8 @entity1 [7.1%] in the control group vs 4 [3.6%] in the test group; P   =   .24). Conclusions and Relevance: Postoperative IS did not demonstrate any effect on @entity86 , Sao2 level, or @entity260 . Based on these findings, the routine use of IS is not recommended after bariatric surgery in its current implementation. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02431455.

title: Effect of Incentive @entity86 and XXXX After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoxemia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Complications']


abstract: Infection of @entity19 with the ME7 prion agent results in well-characterised neuropathological changes, which includes vacuolation, @entity179 and @entity528 . @entity409 and degeneration is apparent through the progressive reduction in synaptic vesicle proteins and eventual loss of synapses. @entity462 string protein alpha (CSPa), which regulates refolding pathways at the synapse, exhibits an early decline during chronic @entity179 implicating it as a mediator of disease mechanisms. CSPa null @entity19 develop a progressive @entity528 through disruption of the integrity of presynaptic function. In this study, we investigated whether reduced expression of CSPa would exacerbate @entity1579 . Wild type (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) @entity19 , which express about a    50% reduction in CSPa, were used as a distinct genetic background on which to impose @entity1579 . +/+ and +/ - @entity19 were inoculated with brain homogenate from either a normal @entity19 brain (NBH) or from the brain of a @entity19 which displayed clinical signs of @entity1579 (ME7). Behavioural tests, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, which resolve key elements of @entity409 , were used to assess the effect of reduced CSPa on disease. Behavioural tests revealed no change in the progression of disease in ME7-CSPa +/- animals compared to ME7-CSPa +/+ animals. In addition, the accumulation of misfolded @entity65885 (Sc), the diseased associated @entity5219 or synaptic loss were not different. Thus, the misfolding events that generate @entity409 and lead to synaptic loss are unlikely to be mediated by a disease associated decrease in the refolding pathways associated with CSPa.

title: Reduced expression of the presynaptic co-chaperone @entity462 string protein alpha (CSPa) does not exacerbate experimentally-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic dysfunction', 'Presynaptic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['ME7 prion disease', 'prion disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic degeneration', 'neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['ME7 prion disease']


abstract: Loss of @entity5962 expression is a major characteristic of highly invasive and metastatic @entity5 . Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been advocated to be a causative mechanism for the suppression of @entity5962 and @entity5 progression. @entity4245 is a @entity219 finger transcription factor that triggers the EMT and is one of the recently identified @entity5962 repressors. The reverse correlation of @entity4245 and @entity5962 expressions has been reported in many types of @entity1 @entity5 including @entity957 ( @entity957 ). In this study, we showed that three @entity5962 negative @entity957 cell lines had a fibroblastic morphology, strong expressions of @entity2277 , a mesenchymal marker gene, and @entity4245 . Compared to other @entity5962 positive @entity957 cells, these cells showed higher invasive ability and expression of @entity1476 , a matrix degrading enzyme which has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in invasive @entity5 cells. Over-expression of @entity4245 in A431 cells resulted in the loss of @entity5962 expression, the change of their morphology to fibroblastic, and the up-regulation of @entity2277 gene expression, indicating that an EMT was induced by @entity4245 . Furthermore, these cells became more invasive and showed higher levels of @entity1476 activity and its gene expression. Luciferase analysis demonstrated that the @entity1476 promoter activity was induced by @entity4245 transfection and the promoter region from -262 to -411 relative to the transcriptional start site was necessary for this induction. These results indicate that @entity4245 is a new inducer of @entity1476 expression and suggest that the EMT contributes to the increased invasion not only through the inhibition of cell-cell adhesion but also the up-regulation of @entity1476 expression in @entity957 cells.

title: Increased invasion and @entity1476 expression by @entity4245 -induced mesenchymal transition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: @entity9608 , which arises from insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, is a rare @entity5 in @entity1 . Only 5%-10% of @entity9608 are malignant and undergo @entity3 . We report a case of an 11-year-old @entity1 who experienced @entity4053 -related @entity410 induced by an @entity9608 ; after resection of the @entity5 , she developed @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ). Laboratory test results indicated marked @entity4053 with @entity3190 . Abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography results were normal; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a solid mass in the pancreatic tail. Therefore, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. Two months after the surgery, an abdominal MRI revealed @entity75 in the liver. An US-guided liver biopsy was then performed, and histological examination revealed @entity4383 without @entity39 or mitotic activity. The @entity1 has been free of @entity4053 for 2 years, and recent MRI studies showed a decrease in the size of @entity4383 lesions, without any evidence of @entity3 . Even though no metastatic lesions are noted on imaging, close observation and follow-up imaging studies are required in a @entity1 with @entity9608 that has malignant potential on histopathologic findings.

title: Development of multifocal nodular lesions of a liver mimicking hepatic XXXX , following resection of an @entity9608 in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) research has been productive in investigating the influence of the interpersonal environment on a @entity74 . The majority of @entity5785 research on the influence of carers has been carried out in the west. This is the first @entity5785 study of the carers of @entity1 with @entity303 in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between @entity5785 status and aspect of burden through cross-cultural comparison of the two countries, Japan and England, with large cultural and linguistic differences. Comparisons were made between samples of @entity5785 of carers of @entity303 and @entity161 @entity1 . In total, data on 80 carer/relative- @entity1 dyads were collected and examined: (1) 20 Japanese carers of @entity1 with @entity303 (JD), (2) 20 English carers of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity2613 ), (3) 20 Japanese relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 (JS), and (4) 20 English relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity2828 ). The Camberwell Family Interview was administered in each country to ascertain levels of @entity5785 . Large differences between Japan and England were found in the frequency of critical comments, in which @entity2828 > @entity2613 >JS>JD. @entity5785 correlated significantly with burden in the JD sample alone. With an operational cut-off of 2CC (CC, critical comments), @entity5785 correlated significantly with @entity73 as well as with clinical severity in the JD sample. There was a tendency for lower expression of both positive and negative emotional reactions towards family members in the Japanese sample. The results of this study indicate that @entity5785 is an appropriate measure for use with carers of sufferers of @entity303 and can be utilized across different cultures. However, flexibility with the cut-offs may be required in Eastern cultures. This needs to be tested on larger samples with sensitivity to illness and cross-cultural differences.

title: A cross-cultural study on expressed emotion in carers of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity161 : Japan and England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['Expressed emotion', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['range of disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The quiet @entity2025 has plagued humanity since ancient times, causing mucocutaneous @entity281 , such as @entity3305 and @entity12881 . Disease symptoms often interfere with everyday activities and occasionally @entity778 infections are the cause of life-threatening or sight-impairing disease, especially in neonates and the immunocompromised @entity1 population. After primary or @entity778 persists for life in a latent form in neurons of the host, periodically reactivating and often resulting in significant @entity2673 for the @entity1 . Currently, no cure is available. In the mid-1950s the first antiviral, @entity9989 , was developed for topical treatment of @entity66 and, in 1978, @entity12948 was licensed for systemic use to treat @entity10926 . @entity1033 (Zovirax), a potent, specific and tolerable nucleosidic inhibitor of the herpes DNA polymerase, was a milestone in the development of antiviral drugs in the late 1970s. In the mid-1990s, when @entity1033 became a generic drug, @entity6933 (Valtrex) and @entity28959 (Famvir), prodrugs of the gold standard and @entity19511 ( @entity19511 ), @entity19511 ), a close analogue, were launched. Though numerous approaches and strategies were tested and considerable effort was expended in the search of the next generation of an antiherpetic therapy, it proved difficult to outperform @entity1033 . Notable in this regard was the award of a Nobel Prize in 1988 for the elucidation of mechanistic principles which resulted in the development of new drugs such as @entity1033 . Vaccines, interleukins, interferons, therapeutic proteins, antibodies, immunomodulators and small-molecule drugs with specific or nonspecific modes of action lacked either efficacy or the required safety profile to replace the nucleosidic drugs @entity1033 , @entity6933 , @entity19511 and @entity28959 as the first choice of treatment. Recently though, new inhibitors of the @entity778 helicase-primase with potent in vitro antiherpes activity, novel mechanisms of action, low resistance rates and superior efficacy against @entity778 in animal models have been discovered. This review summarises the current therapeutic options, discusses the potential of preclinical or investigational drugs and provides an up-to-date interpretation of the challenge to establish novel treatments for @entity1703 .

title: Novel agents and strategies to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'initial infection the virus']

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['idoxuridine']

entities_list: @entity12948 :: ('MESH:D014740', 'Chemical') :: ['vidarabine']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['herpes disease']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

entities_list: @entity19511 :: ('MESH:C053539', 'Chemical') :: ['penciclovir', 'Denavir', 'Vectavir']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['herpes genitalis']

entities_list: @entity1703 :: ('MESH:D006561', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex disease']

entities_list: @entity3305 :: ('MESH:D006560', 'Disease') :: ['herpes labialis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['pandemic of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['HSV encephalitis']

answer: @entity2025 :: (MESH:D020031,Disease) :: ['treat herpes simplex virus infections']


abstract: Although @entity409 is common for @entity1 undergoing @entity1067 surgery, no clear evidence is present to counsel @entity1 seeking to preserve ejaculation. Our aim was to evaluate @entity409 in relation to @entity1067 surgery. We carried out a web and manual search using MEDLINE and Embase including randomized controlled trials reporting @entity409 after @entity1067 surgery: 42 randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 3857 @entity1 were included. Only one study had @entity409 as a primary outcome, and just 10 evaluated @entity409 before and after surgery. The @entity409 was not standardized. Similarly, just seven studies used internationally validated questionnaires to address @entity409 . The reported rates of @entity409 after resectional electrosurgery, laser procedures, coagulation, ablation and implant techniques were assessed and compared. Transurethral resection of the prostate and recent laser procedures including holmium, @entity28409 and GreenLight cause similar rates of @entity409 , occurring in almost three out of four to five @entity1 . Although providing less symptomatic benefit compared with transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral incision of the prostate, transurethral needle ablation and transurethral microwave thermotherapy should be considered for @entity1 aiming to maintain normal ejaculation. UroLift is also a recent promising option for this category of @entity1 . The vast majority of studies reporting @entity409 after @entity1067 surgery used poor methodology to investigate this complication. Future studies able to address clear hypothesis and considering @entity409 anatomical and pathophysiological features are required to develop ejaculation preserving techniques and to increase the evidence to counsel @entity1 aiming to preserve ejaculation.

title: Systematic review of lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity1067 surgical treatments on XXXX 's ejaculatory function: Time for a bespoke approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['definition of ejaculatory dysfunction', 'ejaculatory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Six @entity1 with the diagnosis of acute mania were treated with high doses of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent @entity1169 . One of these @entity1 was treated during two manic phases. Psychopathologic change during treatment was rated daily by a psychiatrist not informed on the @entity1 medication. The IMPS (Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale) was used. Three cases were placebo-controlled under double blind conditions. Four times we had a second medication period, twice with @entity1169 and once with @entity13206 and @entity1169 respectively. @entity1169 was administered every 4 h (six times per day), starting with single doses of 20-40 mg. Doses were increased individually under control of pulse rate, blood pressure, and ECG. Augmentation of doses was continued until an effect on manic symptomatology was undoubtedly seen or until therapy had to be discontinued because of side-effects. In four @entity1 definite improvement of manic symptomatology could be achieved during altogether five manic phases within usually two treatment periods of 5-15 days. Manic behavior disappeared completely in two of these @entity1 . The effective dosage of @entity1169 varied between 280 and 2320 mg per day. All of the improved @entity1 relapsed after discontinuation of the drug. In the only case on @entity1169 (5 days up to 900 mg daily) the effect was questionable. No extrapyramidal side-effects were observed. In one @entity1 treatment was discontinued because of lack of cooperation, in another because of extrasystoles. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in the @entity1 who received @entity1169 . This complication was possibly due to other medication. Other side-effects were insomnia, hypertension, precordial pain, abdominal pain as well as the expected hypotension and bradycardia. The significance of these results regarding the @entity2922 hypothesis of manic-depressive illness is discussed.

title: [The effect of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent XXXX in mania (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13206 :: ('MESH:D010096', 'Chemical') :: ['oxprenolol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol', 'dexpropranolol']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3874 (SAMe), a natural compound, is the most important @entity5498 donor in the central nervous system. In several clinical trials, SAMe showed antidepressant activity. OBJECTIVE: Two multicenter studies were conducted in @entity1 with a diagnosis of major @entity308 episode [baseline score on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) >or=18] to confirm the efficacy and safety of SAMe in the treatment of @entity308 . In the first study ( @entity13684 ), 1600 mg SAMe/d was given orally; whereas, in the second study (MC4), 400 mg SAMe/d was given intramuscularly. In both studies, the effects of SAMe were compared with those of 150 mg @entity2645 /d given orally in a double-blind design. DESIGN: In @entity13684 , 143 @entity1 received oral SAMe and 138 @entity1 received @entity2645 for 6 wk. In MC4, 147 @entity1 received SAMe intramuscularly and 148 @entity1 received @entity2645 for 4 wk. In both studies the 2 main efficacy measures were the final HAM-D score and the percentage of responders to Clinical Global Impression at the endpoint. Secondary efficacy measures were the endpoint Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores and the percentage of responders, responders being those @entity1 showing a decrease in HAM-D score of >or=50% from baseline. RESULTS: In both studies, the results of SAMe and @entity2645 treatment did not differ significantly for any efficacy measure. However, significantly fewer adverse events were observed in the @entity1 treated with SAMe. CONCLUSIONS: The antidepressive efficacy of 1600 mg SAMe/d orally and 400 mg SAMe/d intramuscularly is comparable with that of 150 mg @entity2645 /d orally, but SAMe is significantly better tolerated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of oral and intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) in the treatment of XXXX : comparison with @entity2645 in 2 multicenter studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-Adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity4341 stimulates @entity842 action via inhibition of phosphodiesterase and also has an antioxidant effect. @entity1811 inhibitor reduces glomerular pressure and enhances NO action via increased bradykinin. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the combination of @entity4341 and @entity1811 inhibitor in @entity2316 . METHODS: @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 at 2 weeks were treated with @entity4341 , @entity9383 or both. The expression of NOS and @entity1110 oxidase @entity12614 was investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blot, and urinary albumin, @entity6708 and lipid peroxidation products (LPO) were measured at 4 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1110 oxidase and urinary LPO were significantly enhanced in @entity6 , and suppressed by each treatment to the same extent. The @entity5612 expression in macula densa and eNOS increased significantly with combination therapy compared to @entity9383 treatment alone contributing to an enhanced urinary excretion of @entity6708 and to maintain the @entity1011 clearance. Increased @entity633 in @entity6 was reduced more effectively with combination therapy to the control level than with single treatments. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity4341 and @entity9383 suppressed urinary LPO via reduction of @entity1110 oxidase increase in @entity6 . The combination therapy reduced microalbuminuria to the control level and maintained @entity1011 clearance with enhanced @entity5612 and eNOS expression compared to @entity9383 alone.

title: Effect of combination therapy with @entity4341 and XXXX in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['quinapril']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9383 :: (MESH:C041125,Chemical) :: ['quinapril']


abstract: @entity1911 show varied histological patterns, and it is difficult to diagnose @entity5 or predict the clinical course using current histological criteria. In the present study, we reviewed 146 sympathetic @entity1823 including 116 adrenal (102 unilateral, 14 bilateral) and 30 @entity5 including 38 @entity3 . We developed a scoring scale according to the following six factors: histological pattern, cellularity, coagulation @entity39 , vascular/capsular invasion, Ki-67 immunoreactivity, and types of @entity2922 produced. The @entity5 @entity14962 ( @entity2360 ), @entity19354 ( @entity19354 ), and @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) types according to their scores. The frequency of these @entity5 types were 113 @entity2360 (77%), 27 @entity19354 (19%), and 6 @entity1073 (4%). @entity3 was observed in 15 of 113 @entity2360 (13%), 17 of 27 @entity19354 (63%), and all 6 @entity1073 (100%). Five-year survivals of @entity1 with @entity3 were 92% with @entity2360 , 69% with @entity19354 , 0% with @entity1073 . Respective 10-yr survivals were 83%, 38%, and 0%. Differences between groups were statistically significant. The data show that using this grading scoring system for sympathetic @entity1823 correlates with both metastatic potential and @entity1 survival.

title: Histological grading of XXXX and relationship to prognosis: a clinicopathological analysis of 116 @entity1911 and 30 extra-adrenal sympathetic @entity1823 including 38 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extra-adrenal tumors', 'tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['Pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity14962 :: ('MESH:C536693', 'Disease') :: ['were classified as well']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'poorly differentiated']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity338 without the involvement of other valves represents 1.5-2% of all cases of @entity884 . Isolated @entity338 caused by Candida is extremely rare with only one reported case in the literature and none reported in the United States. Guidelines for management of @entity884 recommend a combination of medical and surgical therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old homeless male presented with fever, cough and @entity1353 . He was urgently intubated for @entity519 . He was initially diagnosed with @entity55 but did not improve with empiric antibacterial therapy. Candida species were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the @entity1 eventually developed persistent @entity5132 @entity281 . On further workup he was found to have @entity884 with a large vegetation across the pulmonary valve. No other valves were involved. He was treated with intravenous antifungal therapy for eight weeks. Valvular surgery was not performed. Follow up echocardiography after completion of therapy did not show any @entity47 and the @entity1 clinically improved. CONCLUSION: This is the second reported case of isolated @entity338 caused by Candida and the first to be successfully managed with antifungal therapy alone. @entity338 should be considered in cases of @entity55 with Candida and persistent @entity12045 . While surgery should be considered in all cases of @entity884 , cure may be achieved with antifungal therapy alone.

title: Isolated @entity338 in a middle aged XXXX caused by @entity5132 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve endocarditis', 'Pulmonary valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Candida endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The management of inoperable @entity674 (GIST) of the stomach sed to be a formidable task. We report our success with the use of @entity2213 in treating a @entity1 with huge @entity674 complicated by @entity12322 after an unsuccessful laparotomy. The @entity1 was a 49-year-old @entity1 who presented to our center with a painful epigastric mass in December 2001. Endoscopy, biopsy, and magnetic resonance scan confirmed that it was a @entity5 arising from the gastric fundus. Laparotomy with an intention to resect the @entity5 was performed in view of the obstructing symptoms. However, massive @entity548 was encountered during dissection of the @entity5 and gastrectomy was abandoned. The case was further complicated with the development of a @entity12322 in the early postoperative period. The @entity1 ws then managed with naso-duodenal tube feeding and enteral @entity2213 was prescribed. The @entity292 healed up in 20 days and the mass became impalpable 1 month afterwards. Follow-up computed tonography (CT) scan 3 months later confirmed significant @entity5 reduction, and the @entity1 has experienced no side effects from the treatment

title: @entity2213 ( @entity2213 ) heals a @entity12322 resulting from a malignant gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant stromal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST of the stomach', 'giant malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity12322 :: ('MESH:C535651', 'Disease') :: ['gastrocutaneous fistula']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We studied potential changes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cell niche of the senescence-accelerated @entity19 prone-8 (SAM-P8) aging model. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) assays with longtime survival revealed a lower number of label-retaining stem cells in the SAM-P8 SVZ compared with the SAM-Resistant 1 (SAM-R1) control strain. We also found that in SAM-P8 niche signaling is attenuated and the stem cell pool is less responsive to the self-renewal niche factor pigmented epithelium-derived factor ( @entity29240 ). Protein analysis demonstrated stable amounts of the @entity29240 ligand in the SAM-P8 SVZ niche; however, SAM-P8 stem cells present a significant expression decrease of @entity65068 , a receptor for @entity29240 (PNPLA2- @entity29240 ) receptor, but not of laminin receptor (LR), a receptor for @entity29240 (LR- @entity29240 ) receptor. We observed changes in self-renewal related genes ( @entity10351 ( @entity10351 ), @entity10351 ( @entity18120 ), @entity14231 ] and report that although these genes are down-regulated in SAM-P8, differentiation genes ( @entity7003 ) are up-regulated and neurogenesis is increased. Finally, sheltering @entity1 telomere complexes might be also involved given a down-regulation of @entity7071 ( @entity7071 ) expression was observed in SAM-P8 at young age periods. Differences between these 2 models, SAM-P8 and SAM-R1 controls, have been previously detected at more advanced ages. We now describe alterations in the @entity29240 signaling pathway and stem cell self-renewal at a very young age, which could be involved in the premature senescence observed in the SAM-P8 model.-Castro-Garcia, P., D  az-Moreno, M., Gil-Gas, C., Fern  ndez-G  mez, F. J., Honrubia-G  mez, P.,   lvarez-Sim  n, C. B., S  nchez-S  nchez, F., Cano. J. C. C., Almeida, F., Blanco. V., Jord  n, J. Mira, H., Ram  rez-Castillejo, C. Defects in subventricular zone pigmented epithelium-derived factor niche signaling in the senescence-accelerated @entity19 prone-8.

title: Defects in subventricular zone pigmented epithelium-derived factor niche signaling in the senescence-accelerated XXXX prone-8.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity10351 :: ('15205(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['hairy and enhancer of split 1', 'Hes1']

entities_list: @entity65068 :: ('66853(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2']

entities_list: @entity7071 :: ('7013', 'Gene') :: ['Terf1', 'telomeric repeat binding factor 1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This study describes the experience with hypofractionated radiation therapy of @entity957 and @entity320 in @entity235 and @entity468 . A total dose of 32-48 Gray (Gy) was delivered once a week in 8 Gy fractions. 34 animals in which a complete surgical excision was impossible were treated. There was no @entity5 detectable macroscopically in 14 @entity1 at the beginning of radiation therapy. In 20 animals the median volume of the @entity5 was 9.9 cm3. The median survival times and the @entity5 control of @entity957 of the oral and nasal cavities and of the body are comparable to results which were reached with a Monday-Wednesday-Friday scheme. For the treatment of @entity320 the hypofractionated radiation therapy is first choice. There are no significant side effects. Late side effects did not occur. 88% of the owners are satisfied with this kind of treatment and would choose it again.

title: [Hypofractionated radiation therapy for the treatment of @entity320 and @entity957 in @entity235 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Variations in mammary ductal side branching patterns are known to occur between different strains of @entity19 and this is related to the rate of spontaneous @entity5 , which are increased in those strains which show highly side-branched mammary architecture. The cause of the variation in ductal side branching between @entity19 strains is unknown, but epithelial, stromal, and endocrine factors have been implicated. To define the mammary elements responsible for controlling strain-specific ductal side branching patterns, we formed recombined mammary glands from epithelial and stroma elements taken from highly side-branched 129 and poorly side-branched C57BL/6J mammary glands and transplanted them to @entity5350 (-/-) hosts on the inbred C57BL/6J background. When 129 epithelium was recombined with C57BL/6J stroma the poorly side-branched C57BL/6J pattern was observed. C57BL/6J epithelium recombined with 129 stroma resulted in development of the highly side- branched pattern, as did 129 epithelium recombined with 129 stroma. All transplants used the same C57BL/6J endocrine background, demonstrating that strain differences in the mammary stroma are responsible for the strain-specific ductal side branching patterns and that strain differences in epithelium or endocrine background play no part. Genes currently known to influence side branching by means of the stroma include activin/inhibin, @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ), @entity60429 , @entity22202 , and @entity62819 . Of these, @entity22202 mRNA expression was decreased in 129 mammary glands compared with C57BL/6J mammary glands, but in F2 129:C57BL/6J animals @entity22202 mRNA expression level did not correlate with the highly variable side branching patterns observed. These experiments exclude variation in the expression level of known candidate genes as the mechanism responsible. Regardless of underlying mechanism, transplantation without regard to the genetic background of the stromal donor, whether inbred or mixed, will compromise experiments with side branching and associated gene expression endpoints.

title: XXXX -specific patterns of mammary epithelial ductal side branching are elicited by stromal factors.

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary cancers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity17470 ( @entity17470 ) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is considered to be locoregional, the postoperative outcome is disappointing, with a 5 year survival of less than 50%. One possible reason may be that cN1disease diagnosed by current standard imaging modalities often contains unexpected N2 disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical and pathological results of @entity1 with @entity17470 @entity1149 . METHODS: Among 1782 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent intended curative resection from 1993 to 2003, 143 @entity1 were identified as having @entity17470 disease and were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological records and CT films of each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed to identify predictors for @entity477 -3 disease. RESULTS: The pathological nodal status was pN0 in 23% (n = 33), @entity3121 in 47% (n = 67) and @entity477 -3 in 30% (n = 43) of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity477 -3 showed a significantly worse 5 year survival rate of 38% compared with @entity1 with pN0 (68%) and @entity3121 (60%) (p = 0.017 and 0.007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity420 histology was a significant predictor for @entity477 -3 disease (OR 3.312, 95% CI 1.439 to 7.784; p = 0.005). The presence of N1 node separate from the main @entity5 on CT scans tended to predict @entity477 -3 disease although this did not reach statistical significance (OR 2.103, 95% CI 0.955 to 4.693; p = 0.066). Pathological N2-3 disease was found in 53% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a separate N1 pattern and in only 12% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a continuous N1 pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of N1 status by contrast enhanced CT scans is unsatisfactory with a high rate of unexpected @entity477 disease. To avoid infertile lung resection, @entity1 with CT diagnosed N1 @entity420 , especially with a separate N1 pattern on CT, should be considered for additional invasive node biopsy modalities, including mediastinoscopy.

title: Problems in the current diagnostic standards of XXXX @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'non-adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity17470 :: (84618,Gene) :: ['clinical N1']


abstract: Non-conventional MHC class I MIC molecules interact not with the TCR, but with @entity3223 , a C-type lectin activatory receptor present on most NK, gammadelta and @entity405 (+) alphabeta T cells. While this interaction is critical in triggering/calibrating the cytotoxic activity of these cells, the actual extent of its in vivo involvement, in @entity1 , in @entity281 , @entity5 or @entity792 , needs further assessment. The latter has gained momentum along with the reported expansion of peripheral @entity404 (+)CD28(-) @entity3223 (+) T cells in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We first initiated to extend this report to a larger cohort of not only @entity309 @entity1 , but also those affected by @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity244 ( @entity244 ). In @entity309 and @entity244 , this initial observation was further tested in target tissues: the joint and the salivary glands, respectively. In conclusion and despite occasional and indiscriminate expansion of the previously incriminated T cell subpopulation, no correlation could be observed between the @entity404 (+)CD28(-) @entity3223 (+) and auto-immunity. Moreover, in situ, the presence of @entity3223 matched that of @entity405 (+), but not that of @entity404 (+) T cells. In parallel, a total body tissue scan of both @entity1531 and @entity1532 transcription clearly shows that despite original presumptions, and with the exception of the central nervous system, both genes are widely transcribed and therefore possibly translated and membrane-bound. Extending this analysis to a number of @entity1 @entity5 did not reveal a coherent pattern of expression vs. normal tissues. Collectively these data question previous assumptions, correlating a tissue-specific expression/induction of MIC in relevance to auto-immune or @entity5 processes.

title: In vivo expression pattern of @entity1531 and @entity1532 and its relevance to auto-immunity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']