abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Autoimmune @entity788 is commonly associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related sclerosing @entity255 (IgG4-SC). The discrimination between IgG4-SC and @entity5 or @entity991 ( @entity991 ) is now an important issue. The present study was carried out to examine the usefulness of endoscopic biopsies from @entity21151 and the bile duct to diagnose IgG4-SC. METHODS: The present study included 29 IgG4-SC @entity1 (26 with both @entity788 and @entity255 , and 3 with @entity255 only), 6 @entity991 @entity1 , and 27 @entity189 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent endoscopic biopsies from @entity21151 and the common bile duct. Biopsied specimens were histologically examined using immunostaining for IgG4. RESULTS: For the ampullary and bile duct biopsies, the IgG4-SC samples had a significantly greater number of IgG4-positive plasma cells than the @entity991 or @entity189 specimens. In addition, bile duct biopsies from five @entity1 (17%) with IgG4-SC showed diffuse @entity32 with irregular @entity82 corresponding to the histological features of @entity1463 . Based on the threshold of 10 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high power field, the diagnostic rates of the ampullar and bile duct biopsies were both 52% (15/29 cases). Twenty-one @entity1 (72%) had more than 10 IgG4-positive plasma cells in at least one biopsy. The bile duct biopsy was significantly valuable for IgG4-SC @entity1 with swelling of the pancreatic head. CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that ampullar and bile duct biopsies are useful for diagnosing IgG4-SC.

title: IgG4-related sclerosing @entity255 and @entity788 : histological assessment of biopsies from XXXX and the bile duct.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatocholangitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity21151 :: ('MESH:C536534', 'Disease') :: ["Vater's ampulla"]

answer: @entity21151 :: (MESH:C536534,Disease) :: ['Vater's ampulla']


abstract: Objective To study the effect of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 ( @entity983 ) mutations on @entity25449 ( @entity584 ) phosphorylation of CNE-1 @entity189 cell line. Methods CNE-1 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing 100 mL/L fetal calf serum, and then transfected with wild-type @entity983 (wtPTEN), mutant @entity983 @entity35751 and mutant @entity983 @entity35752 plasmid separately. After overnight serum starvation, the cells were stimulated with 0.15 IU/mL insulin or 0.3  g/mL recombinant @entity1 epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). At last, @entity584 phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Insulin or rhEGF stimulation led to @entity584 activation in CNE-1 cells. The wtPTEN inhibited insulin- or rhEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity584 . @entity983 @entity35751 mutant activated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity584 , but not rhEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity584 . @entity983 @entity35752 mutant inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity584 . Conclusion The wtPTEN inhibited insulin- or rhEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity584 , while @entity983 @entity35751 and @entity35752 mutants failed to activate the phosphorylation of @entity584 consistently. This suggested @entity983 mutations might not be correlated with activated @entity584 .

title: [Relationship between @entity983 mutations and XXXX phosphorylation caused by insulin or recombinant @entity1 epidermal growth factor stimulation].

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity25449 :: (2185,Gene) :: ['protein kinase B']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study investigated medication adherence in an understudied population, adolescents with behaviorally acquired @entity645 , to improve upon prior methodological limitations using concurrent collection of @entity645 health status markers ( @entity1800 [ @entity1800 ]; percentage @entity404 count [ @entity404 %]) and multimethod adherence assessment (pill count, missed doses, off-schedule dosing). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity1 " NlmCategory="METHODS">A total of 60 youth with behaviorally acquired @entity645 receiving routine care in a multidisciplinary specialty clinic in the Mid-Southern United States. Adherence was assessed by routine pharmacy pill count and self-reported 3-day recall of doses missed and doses taken off-schedule, collected concurrently with clinically obtained @entity1800 and @entity404 % indicators. Adherence measures were evaluated as predictors of @entity1800 and @entity404 % using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Adherence difficulties were detected by all assessment methods, with off-schedule dosing appearing the most problematic (29.4% taken off-schedule). Self-report of doses missed (p = .038) and off-schedule dosing (p = .021) significantly predicted detectable @entity1800 . For each percent increase in nonadherence by off-schedule dosing, there was a 2% increased likelihood of detectable @entity1800 . No adherence measure significantly correlated with @entity404 %; pharmacy pill count did not relate to either health status marker. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to document multimethod medication adherence measurement in a defined sample of adolescents with behaviorally acquired @entity645 , using imposed concurrent collection of @entity404 % and @entity1800 . Adherence difficulties were detected regardless of assessment strategy, with off-schedule dosing representing the greatest nonadherence behavior. Both 3-day recall methods predicted @entity1800 . Further investigation of adherence in larger samples of youth with behaviorally acquired @entity645 is needed to better understand the relationship to @entity404 % suppression.

title: Medication adherence in adolescents with behaviorally-acquired XXXX : evidence for using a multimethod assessment protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Increased consumption of soy is associated with a decreased risk for @entity263 ; however, the specific cellular mechanisms responsible for this anticancer activity are unknown. Dietary modulation of signaling cascades controlling cellular growth, proliferation and differentiation has emerged as a potential chemopreventive mechanism. The present study examined the effects of four soy @entity6400 ( @entity670 , @entity8139 , @entity8136 and equol) on extracellularsignal-regulated kinase ( @entity1366 ) activity in a nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). All four @entity6400 (10 micromol/L) significantly increased @entity1366 activity in @entity1 cells, as determined by immunoblotting. @entity3093 -induced @entity1366 activation was rapid and sustained for approximately 2 h posttreatment. @entity8136 , the most potent activator of @entity1366 , decreased @entity1 cell proliferation by 40% (P<.01). @entity8136 -induced @entity1366 activation was dependent, in part, on @entity669 kinase activity associated with @entity319 ( @entity319 ). The presence of both @entity6758 and @entity319 in the @entity1 cell line was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Treatment of @entity1 cells with @entity7 (165) resulted in transient @entity1366 activation and increased cellular proliferation. The ability of @entity6400 to modulate @entity1366 signaling cascade via @entity319 signaling in the prostate may be responsible, in part, for the anticancer activity of soy.

title: XXXX activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase via @entity319 signaling in nontumorigenic ( @entity1 ) prostate epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGFR2', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity8136 :: ('MESH:C086566', 'Chemical') :: ['glycitein', 'Glycitein']

answer: @entity8136 :: (MESH:C086566,Chemical) :: ['Glycitein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protecting effects of @entity619 ( @entity3784 ), @entity7651 and @entity2390 on @entity1545 of @entity35 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ) and explore their underlying mechanism. METHODS: This experiment was divided into two different parts: (1) In the first part, 90 @entity656 @entity35 were randomly divided into a model control group and a @entity3784 treated group (n  =  45, respectively). (2) In the second part, 135 @entity656 @entity35 were randomly divided into a model control group, a @entity7651 treated group and an @entity2390 treated group (n  =  45, respectively). In two different experiments, the same number of normal @entity35 were considered as the sham-operated group (n  =  45, respectively). At 3, 6 and 12  h after operation, the pathological changes in the brain were observed. The expression levels of @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ), @entity2310 and @entity1976 proteins were detected and apoptosis indexes were calculated, using brain tissue microarray section. RESULTS: (1) First part: The expression levels of @entity2310 and @entity1976 were significantly higher in the @entity3784 treated group than those in the model control group at different time points, while the content of @entity4026 protein and pathological changes were significantly lower in the treated group than those in the model control group (P  <  0.05, P  <  0.01 or P  <  0.001). But the apoptotic indexes of brain tissue were not significantly different at different time points (P  >  0.05). (2) Second part: At all time points after operation, the expression levels of @entity4026 in the brain of treated groups were, to varying degrees, significantly lower than those in the model control group while the expression levels of @entity1976 protein in @entity7651 and @entity2390 group were significantly higher than those in model control group (P  <  0.01, P  <  0.01 and P  <  0.05, respectively). At 12  h after operation, the expression level of @entity2310 protein in @entity7651 treated group was significantly higher than those in model control group and @entity2390 treated group (P  <  0.05 and P  <  0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity619 , @entity7651 and @entity2390 can exert protective effects against @entity1545 in @entity656 @entity35 mainly through inhibiting the expression of @entity4026 protein.

title: Study of XXXX , @entity7651 and @entity2390 on @entity1545 of @entity35 with @entity656 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: @entity5228 ( @entity13304 ) is known to cause @entity131 and produces amnesic effects. We examined synaptic plasticity changes induced by @entity13304 exposure in @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 region. Brief bath application of @entity13304 to hippocampal slices produces a chemical form of long-term potentiation (LTP) of @entity1249 field synaptic potentials. The potentiation cannot be blocked by @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 but can be blocked by the @entity460 -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor @entity10756 or @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor @entity9501 . @entity13304 -potentiated slices show decreased autophosphorylated CaMKII (p-Thr286), an effect that is also dependent on the activity of CaMKII and PKA. Increased phosphorylation of @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor subunit @entity4860 (p-Ser831) was seen in @entity13304 -potentiated slices. Therefore, aberrant regulation of CaMKII and @entity4860 phosphorylation occurs after @entity13304 application. In addition, @entity116 -induced LTP as well as the increase of phosphorylation of CaMKII (p-Thr286) were reduced in @entity13304 -potentiated slices. Compared with brief exposure, slices recovering from prolonged exposure did not show potentiation or altered levels of CaMKII (p-Thr286) or GluR (p-Ser831). However, decreased phosphorylation of @entity4860 at Ser845 was seen. These results describe a new chemical form of LTP and uncover novel molecular changes induced by @entity13304 . The observed impairment of @entity116 LTP and misregulation of CaMKII and @entity4860 phosphorylation may partially account for @entity13304 @entity2359 and underlie the molecular basis for @entity13304 -induced @entity2414 .

title: @entity5228 induces a long-lasting enhancement of XXXX field responses and impairs @entity116 -induced long-term potentiation in @entity35 hippocampal slices.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['Domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: Background/Aims : @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1575 and @entity82 . Recombinant @entity1 bone morphogenic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) alleviates renal @entity82 and improves kidney function. However, the beneficial effect of @entity21405 on hepatic @entity82 and @entity82 remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of rhBMP-7 on @entity1575 and the underlying mechanisms. Methods : @entity1575 in the @entity35 model was induced by peritoneal injection of porcine-serum (0.5ml/kg body weight) twice a week over 8 weeks. The effect of rhBMP-7 on hepatic @entity82 was monitored in rhBMP-7 pre-treated and non-treated @entity35 . Pathologic changes were determined by immunohistolocial staining. @entity1810 expression was investigated by immunohistolocial staining, western blotting, and real-time PCR. Collagen secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : @entity1575 was significantly reduced by rhBMP-7. The secretion of collagen type-I and -III was decreased by rhBMP-7 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) but not in hepatocytes. The anti-fibrotic effect of rhBMP-7 on @entity1575 was resulted by blocking the nuclear accumulation of @entity22345 or by inhibiting @entity1810 expression in HSCs or hepatocytes. Conclusions : The anti-fibrogenic mechanism of rhBMP-7 in the @entity35 @entity1575 was depended on the reduction of @entity1810 overexpression and the inhibition of @entity1810 triggered intracellular signalling in hepatic cells.

title: The anti-fibrotic effect of bone morphogenic protein-7( @entity21405 ) on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'Liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) @entity158 is associated with colder temperatures and touch and described as " @entity5032 ," "hot," and "shooting" suggesting @entity56 to tactile stimuli. Sickle @entity19 exhibit @entity56 to thermal ( @entity5032 , heat) and mechanical stimuli compared to controls. It is unknown whether @entity1 experience this same @entity56 . Thus, we quantified thermal and mechanical sensitivity differences between @entity1 with @entity3458 and controls. Our primary hypothesis was that @entity1 with @entity3458 will exhibit @entity56 to thermal and mechanical stimuli compared to race-matched controls. Our secondary hypothesis was this @entity56 will be associated with older and female subjects, and with frequent @entity158 and @entity2142 in @entity1 with @entity3458 . A total of 55 @entity1 and 57 controls >= 7 years completed quantitative sensory testing. @entity1 with @entity3458 detected the sensation of @entity5032 and warm temperatures sooner as seen in their significantly lower median @entity5032 and heat detection thresholds [29.5  C vs. 28.6  C, P = 0.012 and 34.5  C vs. 35.3  C, P = 0.02] and experienced @entity5032 and @entity158 sooner as seen in their significantly lower median @entity5032 and @entity158 thresholds [21.1  C vs. 14.8  C, P = 0.01 and 42.7  C vs. 45.2  C, P = 0.04]. We found no mechanical threshold differences. Older age was associated with lower @entity5032 , heat, and mechanical @entity158 thresholds in both groups. No association with @entity158 , gender, or @entity2142 was found. @entity1 with @entity3458 exhibit @entity56 to thermal stimuli suggesting @entity1897 may exist and could contribute to @entity158 .

title: @entity1 with XXXX have increased sensitivity to @entity5032 and heat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral or central sensitization']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'heat pain', 'SCD pain']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The spectrum of @entity2718 -associated disease (CDAD) ranges from mild @entity294 to life-threatening @entity1960 . Recent studies reported an increase in incidence and severity of CDAD and the presence of severe @entity497 ( @entity497 ). The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of @entity497 and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD, and to compare the clinical characteristics between hospital-acquired (HA) and @entity497 . METHODS: The medical records of 86 @entity1 who were diagnosed as CDAD in Hanyang University Guri Hospital between January 2005 and October 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 86 @entity1 (mean age 64 years), 53 @entity1 were @entity1 . The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were @entity2886 (67.4%), followed by @entity581 (38.4%) and @entity5176 (14%). Of the 86 @entity1 , the average duration of treatment and recovery time of symptoms were 11.5 days and 4.6 days, respectively. Seven percent of @entity1 experienced relapse treatment. The overall incidence rate of @entity497 and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD were 10.5% and 22.1%, respectively. @entity497 group had lower rate of antimicrobial exposure whilst showing higher rate of complications compared to HA-CDAD group. Three @entity1 in the @entity497 progressed towards a severe complicated clinical course, including @entity326 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity497 and non-antibiotics-associated CDAD were 10.5% and 22.1%, respectively. @entity497 tends to have a higher complication rate compared to HA-CDAD. Community clinicians needs to maintain a high level of suspicion for CDAD, whilst coping with the ever evolving epidemiologic change.

title: [Clinical characteristics and changing epidemiology of XXXX -associated disease (CDAD)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CA-CDAD', 'community-acquired CDAD']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2270 in @entity1316 was common in epidemiological studies. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, pattern, and number of @entity2270 comorbidities and the role of the Quick Inventory of @entity308 Symptomatology - 16 items-Self-Report (QIDS-16-SR) in predicting the number of comorbidities in @entity308 ( @entity308 ) or @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: Baseline data from the first 300 routine clinical outpatients diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Systematic-Treatment-Enhancement - Program for @entity162 version 5.0.0 were used. Baseline severity was measured with QIDS-16-SR and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). RESULTS: Of 113 @entity1 with @entity308 and 166 with @entity162 , the prevalence of any current @entity148 ( @entity148 ), @entity734 ( @entity734 ), and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) was 76% versus 74%, 14% versus 29%, and 8% versus 21%, respectively. The most common patterns of current comorbidity were @entity308 + @entity148 (58.4%) for @entity308 , and @entity162 + @entity148 (39.8%) and @entity162 + @entity148 + @entity734 (11.4%) for @entity162 . More than 80% @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity162 had >=  1 current @entity74 . About 20% @entity1 with @entity162 and 10% with @entity308 had >=  4 other disorders. The number of comorbidities was positively associated with baseline severity and suicidal ideation in both @entity308 and @entity162 . A QIDS-16-SR of 10 had a positive predictive value of >=  90% in predicting >=  1 comorbidity in @entity308 and @entity162 . LIMITATIONS: The sample was modest and from a tertiary medical center. CONCLUSION: A thorough diagnostic assessment for @entity2270 should be included in all @entity1 with @entity1316 , especially when a QIDS-16-SR of >=  10 points.

title: Should an assessment of XXXX be included in the initial diagnostic assessment of @entity1316 ? Role of QIDS-16-SR total score in predicting number of @entity2270 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disorder']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I', 'Axis I comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['Axis I comorbidity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data on the risk of post-ERCP @entity788 (PEP) related to self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs). OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of PEP in @entity1 who undergo biliary drainage with SEMSs or @entity691 stents (PSs). DESIGN: Retrospective, cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary-care medical center. @entity1 : This study involved @entity1 undergoing ERCP for @entity5 between January 2005 and October 2008. INTERVENTION: First-time placement of a SEMS or PS for biliary decompression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Early post-ERCP complications, particularly PEP. RESULTS: We identified 544 eligible @entity1 , 248 SEMSs (102 covered), and 296 PSs. The etiology of @entity5 was similar between groups, with 55% from @entity788 . The frequency of PEP was significantly higher in the SEMS group (7.3%) versus the PS group (1.3%) (OR 5.7 [95% CI, 1.9-17.1]). On univariate analysis, @entity1 age of <40 years, a history of PEP, and at least 1 pancreatic duct injection were also significant predictors of PEP, whereas female sex and having @entity788 were not. When significant variables were added to a multiple-predictor regression model, the odds of PEP from SEMS placement increased to 6.8 (95% CI, 2.2, 21.4). However, the frequency of PEP was similar between covered (6.9%) and uncovered (7.5%) SEMSs (OR 0.9 [CI, 0.3-2.4]). Purported SEMS-specific risk factors, including the use of cSEMSs, overlapping SEMSs, or having a biliary sphincterotomy were not found to be significant contributors to the higher risk. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSION: After we controlled for confounding variables, the frequency of PEP was significantly higher with placement of a SEMS compared with a PS. Rates of PEP were comparable with use of covered and uncovered SEMSs.

title: Risk of post-ERCP XXXX with placement of self-expandable metallic stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: 1. Habitat loss and @entity1949 are the principal causes of the loss of biological diversity. In addition, @entity4801 are an emerging threat to many animals. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have tested how habitat loss and @entity1949 influence the prevalence and @entity4801 in animals. 2. Several studies of nonhuman primates have shown that measures of @entity1 activity and @entity1949 correlate with @entity4801 in primates. However, these studies have not tested for the ecological mechanism(s) by which @entity1 activities or @entity1949 influence the prevalence and @entity4801 . 3. We tested the hypothesis that increased host density due to @entity1949 and loss mediates increases in the prevalence and @entity3794 of @entity344 in two forest primates, the Tana River @entity24378 (Procolobus rufomitratus, Peters 1879) and mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus, Peters 1879). We focused on population density because epidemiological theory states that host density is a key determinant of the prevalence and @entity3794 of directly transmitted parasites in animals. 4. The Tana River @entity24378 and mangabey are endemic to a highly fragmented forest ecosystem in eastern Kenya where habitat changes are caused by a growing @entity1 population increasingly dependent on forest resources and on clearing forest for cultivation. 5. We found that the prevalence of parasites in the two monkeys was very high compared to primates elsewhere. Density of monkeys was positively associated with forest area and disturbance in forests. In turn, the prevalence and @entity4801 was significantly associated with monkey density, and attributes indicative of @entity1 disturbance in forests. 6. We also found significant differences in the patterns of @entity4801 between the colobus and the mangabey possibly attributable to differences in their behavioural ecology. Colobus are arboreal folivores while mangabeys are terrestrial habitat generalists.

title: Host density and XXXX activities mediate increased parasite prevalence and @entity3794 in primates threatened by habitat loss and @entity1949 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation', 'forest fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases', 'parasitism', 'richness of parasites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Compromised angiogenesis appears to be a major limitation in various suboptimal bone healing situations. Appropriate mechanical stimuli support blood vessel formation in vivo and improve healing outcomes. However, the mechanisms responsible for this association are unclear. To address this question, the paracrine angiogenic potential of early @entity1 @entity174 and its responsiveness to mechanical loading, as well as angiogenic growth factors involved, were investigated in vitro. @entity1 haematomas were collected from healthy @entity1 undergoing surgery within 72 h after @entity174 . The haematomas were embedded in a fibrin matrix, and cultured in a bioreactor resembling the in vivo conditions of the early phase of bone healing (20% compression, 1 Hz) over 3 days. @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from the bioreactor was then analyzed. The matrices were also incubated in fresh medium for a further 24 h to evaluate the persistence of the effects. Growth factor (GF) concentrations were measured in the @entity558 by ELISAs. In vitro tube formation assays were conducted on Matrigel with the HMEC-1 cell line, with or without inhibition of @entity319 ( @entity319 ). Cell numbers were quantified using an MTS test. In vitro endothelial tube formation was enhanced by @entity558 from haematomas, compared to fibrin controls. The angiogenesis regulators, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), were released into the @entity558 , but not angiopoietins 1 or 2 ( @entity3658 , 2), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Mechanical stimulation of haematomas, but not fibrin controls, further increased the induction of tube formation by their @entity558 . The mechanically stimulated haematoma matrices retained their elevated pro-angiogenic capacity for 24 h. The pro-angiogenic effect was cancelled by inhibition of @entity319 signalling. @entity7 concentrations in @entity558 tended to be elevated by mechanical stimulation; this was significant in haematomas from younger, but not from older @entity1 . Other GFs were not mechanically regulated. In conclusion, the paracrine pro-angiogenic capacity of early @entity1 haematomas is enhanced by mechanical stimulation. This effect lasts even after removing the mechanical stimulus and appears to be @entity319 -dependent.

title: Mechanical stimulation of the pro-angiogenic capacity of @entity1 XXXX : involvement of @entity7 mechano-regulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['haematoma CM', 'CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture', 'fracture haematoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2', 'VEGFR2']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta1']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture haematoma']


abstract: A number of histologic variants of well-differentiated @entity1377 have been found to be associated with more @entity146 @entity5 behavior. Tall cell, columnar cell, diffuse sclerosing, solid/trabecular, and insular variants of well-differentiated @entity3557 are all potentially more @entity146 than conventional @entity3557 . When subjected to multivariate analysis, however, evidence that the histologic subtype of @entity5 is an independent predictor of outcome is weak. Rather, the @entity146 variants tend to present with features recognized by other staging systems as associated with a worse prognosis, including higher histologic grade, extracapsular spread, large @entity5 size, and the presence of distant metastases. Prognosis is directly related to the presence of these features. The state of our knowledge is limited by the relatively small number of cases that have been studied. The presence of an @entity146 variant of @entity1377 should alert the surgeon that he is dealing with a potentially @entity146 @entity5 . Clinical treatment decisions should be based on the stage of the disease, influenced by the knowledge that the @entity146 variants tend to be associated with higher risk factors. The surgeon must be prepared to perform at the first, or second stage, a total thyroidectomy, central compartment neck dissection, additional lymphadenectomy, and/or resection of invaded surrounding structures, and search for distant @entity3 . Postoperative radioactive @entity1496 should generally be administered for these variants as they will generally be intermediate to advanced @entity5 . The tall cell variant is often refractory to such treatment but may be susceptible to treatment targeted against @entity817 mutation. External beam irradiation may be used in cases of incomplete resection.

title: Aggressive variants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Liver stiffness evaluation (LSE) is usually considered as reliable when it fulfills all the following criteria: >= 10 valid measurements, >= 60% success rate, and interquartile range / median ratio (IQR/M)  <=0.30. However, such reliable LSE have never been shown to be more accurate than unreliable LSE. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of the usual definition for LSE reliability, and to improve reliability by using diagnostic accuracy as a primary outcome in a large population. 1,165 @entity1 with @entity409 from 19 French centers were included. All @entity1 had liver biopsy and LSE. 75.7% of LSE were reliable according to the usual definition. However, these reliable LSE were not significantly more accurate than unreliable LSE with, respectively: 85.8% versus 81.5% well-classified @entity1 for the diagnosis of @entity82 (P = 0.082). In multivariate analyses with different diagnostic targets, LSE median and IQR/M were independent predictors of @entity82 staging, with no significant influence of >= 10 valid measurements or LSE success rate. These two reliability criteria determined three LSE groups: "very reliable" (IQR/M  <=0.10), "reliable" (0.10< IQR/M  <=0.30, or IQR/M >0.30 with LSE median <7.1 kPa), and "poorly reliable" (IQR/M >0.30 with LSE median >= 7.1 kPa). The rates of well-classified @entity1 for the diagnosis of @entity82 were, respectively: 90.4%, 85.8%, and 69.5% (P < 10(-3) ). According to these new reliability criteria, 9.1% of LSE were poorly reliable (versus 24.3% unreliable LSE with the usual definition, P < 10(-3) ), 74.3% were reliable, and 16.6% were very reliable. CONCLUSION: The usual definition for LSE reliability is not relevant. LSE reliability depends on IQR/M according to @entity409 median level, defining thus three reliability categories: very reliable, reliable, and poorly reliable LSE. (HEPATOLOGY 2013).

title: Determination of reliability criteria for XXXX evaluation by transient elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver stiffness']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver stiffness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate pathologic nodal staging mandates effective collaboration between surgeons and pathologists. The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group @entity34262 trial (ACOSOG @entity34262 ) tightly controlled surgical lymphadenectomy practice but not pathologic examination practice. We tested the survival impact of the  thoroughness of pathologic examination (using the number of examined lymph nodes as a surrogate). METHODS: We re-analyzed the mediastinal lymph node dissection arm of ACOSOG @entity34262 , using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Of 513 @entity1 , 435 were pN0, 60 were @entity3121 , and 17 were @entity477 . The mean number of mediastinal lymph nodes examined was 13.5, 13.1, and 17.1; station 10 lymph nodes were 2.4, 2.7, and 2.6; station 11 to 14 nodes were 4.6, 6.1, and 6.7; and total lymph nodes were 19.7, 21.3, and 25.4 respectively. The pN category and histologic evaluation were associated with increased number of examined intrapulmonary lymph nodes. @entity1 with @entity3121 had more non-hilar N1 nodes than @entity1 with pN0, @entity1 with N2 had more N2 nodes examined than @entity1 with pN0 or @entity3121 . @entity1 with pN0 had better survival with examination of more N1 nodes; @entity1 with @entity3121 had better survival with increased mediastinal nodal examination; the likelihood of discovering N2 disease was significantly associated with increased examination of mediastinal and non-hilar N1 lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite rigorously standardized surgical hilar/mediastinal lymphadenectomy, the number of lymph nodes examined was associated with the likelihood of detecting nodal metastasis and survival. This may indicate an effect of incomplete pathologic examination.

title: Survival Implications of Variation in the Thoroughness of Pathologic Lymph Node Examination in American College of Surgeons Oncology Group XXXX (Alliance).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity34262 :: (956691(Tax:155864),Gene) :: ['Z0030']


abstract: Many egg-laying reptiles have @entity734 ( @entity734 ), where the offspring sex is determined by incubation temperature during a temperature-sensitive period (TSP) in the middle third of development. The underlying mechanism transducing a temperature cue into an ovary or testis is unknown, but it is known that @entity134 hormones play an important role. During the TSP, exogenous application of @entity172 can override a temperature cue and produce females, while blocking the activity of aromatase (Cyp19a1), the enzyme that converts @entity251 to @entity53 , produces males from a female-biased temperature. The production of @entity172 is a key step in ovarian differentiation for many vertebrates, including @entity734 reptiles, and temperature-based differences in aromatase expression during the TSP may be a critical @entity43 . Steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf1) is a key gene in vertebrate sex determination and regulates many steroidogenic enzymes, including aromatase. We find that Sf1 and aromatase are differentially expressed during sex determination in the @entity8308 , @entity8308 elegans. Sf1 is expressed at higher levels during testis development while aromatase expression increases during ovary determination. We also assayed Sf1 and aromatase response to sex-reversing treatments via temperature or the modulation of @entity172 availability. Sf1 expression was redirected to low-level female-specific patterns with feminizing temperature shift or exogenous @entity53 application and redirected to more intense male-specific patterns with male-producing temperature shift or inhibition of aromatase activity. Conversely, aromatase expression was redirected to more intense female-specific patterns with female-producing treatment and redirected toward diffuse low-level male-specific patterns with masculinizing sex reversal. Our data do not lend support to a role for Sf1 in the regulation of aromatase expression during @entity8308 sex determination, but do support a critical role for @entity172 in ovarian development.

title: Gonadal expression of Sf1 and aromatase during sex determination in the XXXX ( @entity8308 ), a reptile with @entity734 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['step in ovarian determination']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8308 :: ('34903', 'Species') :: ['red-eared slider turtle', 'Trachemys scripta', 'slider turtle']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TSD', 'temperature-dependent sex determination']

answer: @entity8308 :: (34903,Species) :: ['red-eared slider turtle']


abstract: In order to investigate the nature of @entity4559 and the mechanism of immunodepression due to @entity4559 and explore the pharmacological action of Chinese drugs of Yiqi Jianpi decoction (YQJP), the authors had established the @entity35 model by administration Rhubarb. The preliminary results demonstrated that the symptoms manifested in @entity35 were similar to those of @entity4559 . The changes of @entity8613 in the spleen and plasma were unanimous. The @entity268 level and the ratio of @entity268 / @entity6708 decreased significantly while @entity6708 level increased significantly. @entity1920 cyclase (AC) activity in the spleen reduced remarkably while @entity268 -PDE activity had little changes. After the administration of YQJP, the symptoms of @entity4559 improved to normal extent. YQJP elevated the @entity268 level, the ratio of @entity268 / @entity6708 and AC activity while it lowered the @entity6708 level. The results showed that the changes of @entity8613 level and the ratio of @entity268 / @entity6708 were important targets of @entity4559 and that the action of YQJP followed the change of the ratio of @entity268 / @entity6708 . The results of this study indicated that immunodepression of Rhubarb was due to depressing AC activity and reducing the ratio of @entity268 / @entity6708 . The readjusting action of YQJP was concerned with AC system. This study supplied @entity4559 and YQJP with certain data in biochemical mechanism and pharmacological function.

title: [Changes in @entity8613 and its enzymes in the spleen and plasma of similar @entity4559 XXXX induced by rhubarb and the readjusting function of yiqi jianpi decoction].

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['Spleen deficiency syndrome', 'Spleen deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have compared the expression of the @entity19 genes @entity29827 , @entity29828 , and in-1 during development by in situ hybridization. Expression of all three genes was first detected at 8.0 days in overlapping bands of the anterior neural folds. By 12.0 days the expression patterns diverged. @entity29827 and @entity29828 were expressed in a similar ring of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) at the midbrain/hindbrain junction. @entity29827 was also expressed de novo in two lateral stripes extending the length of the hindbrain and spinal cord, in the developing vertebral column, in two lateral stripes of dermatome-derived cells, and in the tail and limb buds. By 12.0 days @entity5104 expression showed little overlap with the En genes and could not be detected at later stages. At 15.5 days En gene expression was primarily limited to the midbrain/hindbrain in overlapping but nonidentical sets of differentiated cells. In the adult, @entity29829 marked the same sets of cells in the pons, but @entity29828 alone was detected in the granular layer of the cerebellum. The results are consistent with @entity5104 and the En genes playing a role early in development in defining spatial domains in the CNS. Later in development the En genes may have an additional function in neurogenesis. @entity29827 expression in the developing pericordal tube suggests that it may also be involved in vertebral assembly.

title: Expression patterns of the homeo box-containing genes @entity29829 and the @entity5104 diverge during XXXX development.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Skeletal muscle metastases (SMM) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are rarely encountered in clinical practice. The prognosis and the adequate treatment are not known. The aim of the study was to report our experience and to make an extensive literature research concerning SMM. @entity1 AND METHODS: In our unit, we identified 16 @entity1 with SMM in a 10-year period. The source of our literature search (English and French language) was the international MEDLINE database, and it exhausted all cited publications. RESULTS: We found 114 cases in the international literature (follow-up period mentioned in 72 cases). @entity158 was the most frequent symptom (83%). A mass was palpable in 78% of cases. The diagnosis was obtained by either fine needle/surgical biopsy or wide exeresis. The 5-year survival time was 11.5% with a median survival of 6 months. The 5-year survival rates: number of SMM - single versus multiple (13.6% [67 @entity1 ] versus 0% [21 @entity1 ]; p = 0.0022); disease-free interval (DFI) >6 months versus DFI < or =6 months (16.9% [18 @entity1 ] versus 9.1% [70 @entity1 ]; p = 0.0458). We built three groups of prognostic significance: group I: DFI >6 months and single @entity3 ; group II: DFI >6 months or single @entity3 ; and group III: DFI < or =6 months and multiple @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates were: group I (14 @entity1 ): group II (57 @entity1 ):group III (17 @entity1 ) = 28%:6%:0% (p = 0.0000), and the median survival was 19:9:4 months. CONCLUSION: The presence of SMM suggests an @entity146 . Selection of @entity1 for a local treatment is an important factor that determines survival. The ideal @entity1 had a unique metachronous metastasic deposit that can be treated by surgery.

title: Skeletal muscle XXXX from @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIM: To describe the 12-month prevalence of physical and sexual assault, and the association of assault with drinking by the perpetrator. METHODS: Population-based survey of 16,480 adult New Zealanders, using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). RESULTS: Nearly 7% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 reported having been physically assaulted in the previous year, with 44% of these @entity1 having suffered more than one assault. One percent of @entity1 and 0.4% of @entity1 reported sexual assault, with 45% assaulted more than once. More than half of all physical assaults and @entity458 involved a perpetrator who was reported to have been drinking. Perpetrators who had been drinking at the time were more likely to be strangers or other @entity1 outside the respondent's family, rather than relatives, and the assaults were less likely to have occurred inside the respondent's home, compared with assaults where the perpetrator was not drinking. Physical and @entity458 were also associated with usual drinking patterns of the victims. CONCLUSION: @entity167 use by someone other than the victim is involved in more than half of reported assaults. Our findings suggest that, in New Zealand, more than 62,000 physical assaults and 10,000 @entity458 occur every year which involve a perpetrator who has been drinking. Of these, 10,500 incidents require medical attention and 17,000 involve police. This burden can be reduced using population-based strategies of demonstrated effectiveness.

title: XXXX -related harm to others: a survey of physical and sexual assault in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual assaults']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) involves the wrist in up to 80% of cases; up to 95% of @entity1 have signs of @entity625 after 12 years of disease. The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is involved in 31% to 75% of these @entity1 and is often the first compartment of the wrist involved. The inflammatory sequence of events leads to the "caput ulnae syndrome" described by Backdahl in 1963. @entity397 are frequently associated. The presence of the "scallop" sign on radiographs is an alerting sign for @entity924 . The gold standard in treatment remains resection of the distal ulnar head, known as Darrach's procedure. The most frequent complication is instability of the proximal ulnar stump. In order to restore stability or to prevent instability, several stabilisation techniques have been reported with free tendon grafts, the extensor carpi ulnaris, the flexor carpi ulnaris, the joint capsule and the pronator quadratus muscle. There is no evidence that stabilisation of the proximal ulnar stump during the initial operation gives better results. Another drawback of ulnar head resection is the progression of ulnar translation of the carpus. There are however several surveys showing that this ulnar translocation is the consequence of the disease rather than the result of the Darrach procedure. Several features such as an increased radial slope (> 23 degrees) and/or destruction of the ulnar corner of the distal radial epiphysis have been mentioned as predictive elements for further ulnar slide of the carpus. The Sauv   Kapandji procedure is in these cases a useful alternative choice. Another advantage of this technique is that it provides a larger surface so that other (radial) procedures can be more easily combined (Chamay partial radiocarpal fusion, wrist prosthesis).

title: The distal radioulnar joint in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['wrist arthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon attrition']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Extensor tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes has been shown to improve outcomes for @entity1 both with and without acute @entity649 . This study aims to characterize mechanically ventilated @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), describe the initial @entity341 ventilator settings, and assess for associations between lung protective ventilation strategies in the @entity341 and outcomes. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study of mechanical ventilation at 3 academic EDs. We defined lung protective ventilation as a tidal volume of less than or equal to 8 mL/kg of predicted body weight and compared outcomes for @entity1 ventilated with lung protective vs non-lung protective ventilation, including inhospital mortality, ventilator days, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: Data from 433 @entity1 were analyzed. @entity1032 without respiratory pathology was the most common reason for intubation, followed by @entity130 and @entity1576 . Two hundred sixty-one @entity1 (60.3%) received lung protective ventilation, but most @entity1 were ventilated with a low positive end-expiratory pressure, high fraction of inspired @entity26 strategy. @entity1 were ventilated in the @entity341 for a mean of 5 hours and 7 minutes but had few ventilator adjustments. Outcomes were not significantly different between @entity1 receiving lung protective vs non-lung protective ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 40% of @entity341 @entity1 were ventilated with non-lung protective ventilation as well as with low positive end-expiratory pressure and high fraction of inspired @entity26 . Despite a mean @entity341 ventilation time of more than 5 hours, few @entity1 had adjustments made to their ventilators.

title: Initial mechanical ventilator settings and lung protective ventilation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of @entity101 and @entity8 at adulthood. Such an association has been shown to involve a reduction of nephron endowment and to be enhanced by accelerated postnatal growth in @entity1 . However, while low-birth-weight @entity1 often undergo catch-up growth, little is known about the long-term vascular and renal effects of accelerated postnatal growth. We surimposed early postnatal overfeeding (OF; reduction of litter size during the suckling period) to appropriate-birth-weight (NBW+OF) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; IUGR+OF) pups, obtained after a maternal gestational low-protein diet. Blood pressure (systolic blood pressure; @entity13519 ) and renal function (glomerular filtration rate; GFR) were measured in young and aging offspring. @entity631 were determined in aging offspring (22 mo). Nephron number was reduced in both IUGR and IUGR+OF male offspring (by 24 and 26%). GFR was reduced by 40% in 12-mo-old IUGR+OF male offspring, and both NBW+OF and IUGR+OF aging male offspring had sustained @entity101 (+25 mmHg) and @entity631 , while @entity13519 and renal function were unaffected in IUGR aging offspring. Female offspring were unaffected. In conclusion, in this experimental model, early postnatal OF in the neonatal period has major long-lasting effects. Such effects are gender dependent. Reduced nephron number alone, associated with IUGR, may not be sufficient to induce long-lasting physiological alterations, and early postnatal OF acts as a "second hit." Early postnatal OF is a suitable model with which to study the long-term effects of postnatal growth in the pathogenesis of @entity455 and @entity8 .

title: Early postnatal overfeeding induces early chronic XXXX in adult male rats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis', 'Glomerulosclerosis and nephron number']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assign the anatomical names of functional activation regions in the brain, based on the probabilistic cyto-architectonic atlas by Anatomy 1.7 from an analysis of correlations between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and clinical parameters of the non-demented @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 by SPM8. We evaluated Anatomy 1.7 of SPM toolbox compared to 'Talairach Daemon' (TD) Client 2.4.2 software. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six @entity1 (mean age 60.0    9.09 years; 73 @entity1 and 63 @entity1 ) with non-demented @entity191 were selected. Tc-99m-HMPAO brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were performed on the @entity1 using a two-head gamma-camera. We analyzed the brain image of @entity191 @entity1 by SPM8 and found the anatomical names of correlated regions of rCBF perfusion with the clinical parameters using TD Client 2.4.2 and Anatomy 1.7. The SPM8 provided a correlation coefficient between clinical parameters and @entity1779 by a simple regression method. To the clinical parameters were added age, duration of disease, education period, Hoehn and Yahr (H_Y) stage and Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) score. RESULTS: Age was correlated with cerebral perfusion in the Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 3b assigned by Anatomy 1.7 and BA 6 and pyramis in gray matter by TD Client 2.4.2 with p < 0.001 uncorrected. Also, assigned significant correlated regions were found in the left and right lobules VI (Hem) with duration of disease, in left and right lobules VIIa crus I (Hem) with education, in left insula (Ig2), left and right lobules VI (Hem) with H_Y, and in BA 4a and 6 with K-MMSE score with p < 0.05 uncorrected by Anatomy 1.7, respectively. Most areas of correlation were overlapped by two different anatomical labeling methods, but some correlation areas were found with different names. CONCLUSION: Age was the most significantly correlated clinical parameter with rCBF. TD Client found the exact anatomical name by the peak intensity position of the cluster while Anatomy 1.7 of SPM8 toolbox, using the cyto-architectonic probability maps, assigned the anatomical name by percentage value of the probability.

title: Correlated regions of cerebral blood flow with clinical parameters in XXXX ; comparison using 'Anatomy' and 'Talairach Daemon' software.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The observation that mammary @entity105 is inhibited in @entity35 which completed a pregnancy prior to exposure to the chemical carcinogen @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) led us to determine whether the protective effect of pregnancy could be mimicked by treatment with the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). We also studied the effect of this treatment on mammary gland structure and differentiation, and determined whether hCG exerts toxic or collateral effects on body weight and endocrine organs. The systemic effect of hCG on body wt and endocrine organs and mammary gland was studied in outbred virgin @entity35 which at the age of 50 days started receiving 100 IU hCG i.p. daily for 21 days. The animals were subdivided into nine groups of five animals each; one group was killed on the first day of and the others at 5, 10, 15 and 21 days of injection and 5, 10, 15 and 21 days post injection. The effect of the hormonal treatment on the estrous cycle was determined by studying the vaginal smears taken during and after the injection period. The following parameters were determined: body wt, weight and morphology of pituitary gland, adrenals, ovaries and uterine horns. Mammary glands were processed for histology, autoradiography for determination of DNA labeling index (DNA-LI) and whole mount preparation for morphometric studies. The effect of hCG on mammary @entity105 was studied in two groups of virgin @entity35 ; group I, which at the age of 50 days started receiving a daily i.p. injection of 100 IU hCG for 21 days; 21 days after the last injection they were given 8 mg @entity106 /100 g body wt. Group II animals received @entity106 only. hCG treated animals gained weight as a function of age at the same rate as controls. Treatment did not modify the weight of adrenal glands. The weight of ovaries, uterus and pituitary gland were transitorily increased by the 15th day of treatment, but had returned to the same values of controls by the time of @entity106 administration. Treatment stimulated mammary gland differentiation, measured as a progressive reduction in number of terminal end buds and increase in the number of alveolar buds and lobules. The DNA-LI was significantly depressed in all terminal structures in the glands of treated animals. In group I animals hCG treatment decreased incidence of @entity420 to 6.15 from 43.8% in group II animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on mammary gland differentiation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: The expression of products from three different gap junction genes ( @entity29701 ) was studied in pre- and postimplantation @entity19 embryos, during organogenesis, during differentiation of F9 @entity14641 cells, and in cultured embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this analysis, the following results were obtained. 1) Pre- and postimplantation @entity19 embryos. The alpha 1 transcript was the earliest gap junction RNA detected (in the 4 cell stage embryo) and its abundance increased significantly throughout subsequent development. 2) Organogenesis. Evidence was obtained for developmental expression of these three different gap junction genes during early embryogenesis and throughout the late stages of organogenesis. The expression patterns for these genes may be related to differences in gap junctional communication requirements for fetal organ development versus neonatal and adult organ function, or the utilization of different genes by different cell types during organogenesis. 3) During the differentiation of F9 cells in culture, expression of these three genes was modulated. Thus, this is the first evidence for modulation of gap junction gene expression during the differentiation of a single cell type in culture. 4) In an ES cell culture line, alpha 1 was the only gap junction gene product detected. This is consistent with the findings of alpha 1 expression in the embryonic inner cell mass region and in undifferentiated @entity14641 cells.

title: Developmental regulation of gap junction gene expression during XXXX embryonic development.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We wished to determine bioelectrical impedance (BIA) correlates before hydration or changes during hydration and determine if these changes were prognostically important. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eligible @entity1 underwent BIA measurements 3 consecutive days. Laboratory studies (electrolytes, @entity1011 , and hemoglobin) on day 1; weights and vital signs were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were made at 30 and 60 days. Hazard ratios (HRs) based on Cox proportional hazards model were calculated. RESULTS: Weight loss was associated with shorter survival. A higher phase angle (PA) on day 1 predicted longer survival. Increased PA during hydration predicted shorter survival: increased weight during hydration predicted longer survival. DISCUSSION: Higher phase angle before hydration predicts poorer survival and, paradoxically, an increase in phase angle during hydration predicted poorer survival and preexisting intracellular @entity2700 , @entity3085 , or poor membrane function. CONCLUSIONS: Phase angle and weight during hydration predict survival in @entity5 .

title: Bioelectrical impedance phase angle changes during hydration and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: Two of three unrelated @entity1 with de novo congenital complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) with more than four @entity6724 had @entity3384 as one of several @entity154 . In @entity1 1, unilateral complete cleft of the primary and secondary palates accompanied severe @entity34263 , bilateral posterior choanal @entity1146 and several minor @entity154 . Karyotypes of peripheral lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts showed five derivative chromosomes with six break points. There were two translocations, t(2;5), t(3;11) and an interstitial deletion, del(13)(q12q14). @entity1 2 had a bilateral complete cleft of the lip and palate, in addition to slow pre- and postnatal growth and minor @entity154 . Peripheral lymphocytes and palatal mucosa fibroblasts karyotypes showed five derivative chromosomes with six break points. A partial deletion of 10p, two translocations, t(2;3), t(7;18) and an inversion of the derivative chromosome 2 were present. In both @entity1 , a "major catastrophe" of unknown etiology in one of the parental gametes appeared to be the event leading to the stable CCR without evidence of persistent chromosome instability. All four parents had normal karyotypes. The presence of palatal clefts in these @entity1 indicates that dysmorphologists and pediatricians have to consider CCR whenever taking care of a @entity1 with @entity2419 , particularly if additional anomalies, no matter how subtle, are present. The detection and interpretation of the latter anomalies are essential for the diagnosis and management of these @entity1 . Accurate cytogenetic diagnosis determines the short- and long-term prognosis and facilitates genetic counseling in regard to life-span, quality of life and reproductive plans of @entity1 and parents.

title: XXXX and complex chromosome rearrangements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome breaks']

entities_list: @entity34263 :: ('MESH:C574275', 'Disease') :: ['ectrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft palate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Offspring of @entity1 with @entity6677 ( @entity23258 ) have greater risk for @entity28 and impaired metabolic health. Whether impaired metabolic health occurs in the absence of @entity28 is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent and interactive effects of intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 and of @entity1 's current weight status on their metabolic health. METHODS: @entity1 aged 5   10 years (n = 51) with and without intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 ( @entity23258 vs. offspring of non-diabetic @entity1 [CTRL]) were grouped into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 85th %) and overweight (BMI > 85th %) according to Centers for Disease Control growth curves. Lipid profile was obtained by fasting blood @entity1720 (SI) and secretion by liquid meal tolerance test, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Despite similar average BMI percentiles among normal weight @entity23258 versus CTRL, and overweight @entity23258 vs. CTRL, @entity23258 had greater total %fat and trunk fat adjusted for leg fat compared with CTRL (P < 0.05). Overweight @entity1 had lower SI (P < 0.05) and greater basal, static, and total insulin secretion independent of SI (P < 0.05). @entity23258 was independently associated with greater static insulin secretion (P < 0.05) and the interaction between @entity23258 and overweight was associated with greater basal insulin secretion independent of SI (P < 0.01). @entity23258 and overweight were each associated with lower high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 was associated with greater central adiposity and insulin secretion, and lower HDL-C, irrespective of current weight status. Future research should examine respective contributions of the intrauterine environment and of underlying genotype on @entity1 's metabolic health.

title: Overweight status and intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 are associated with XXXX 's metabolic health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['draw, insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity6656 (or @entity6656 ) is a @entity364 with high morbidity and mortality that affects tens of thousands of @entity1 each year. This infection is caused by two sibling species, @entity8662 and @entity6657 , which are endemic to specific arid locales throughout the Western Hemisphere, particularly the desert southwest of the United States. Recent epidemiological and population genetic data suggest that the geographic range of @entity6656 is expanding, as new endemic clusters have been identified in the state of Washington, well outside the established endemic range. The genetic mechanisms and epidemiological consequences of this expansion are unknown and require better understanding of the population structure and evolutionary history of these pathogens. Here we performed multiple phylogenetic inference and population genomics analyses of 68 new and 18 previously published genomes. The results provide evidence of substantial population structure in @entity6657 and demonstrate the presence of distinct geographic clades in central and southern Arizona as well as dispersed populations in Texas, Mexico, South America, and Central America. Although a smaller number of @entity8662 strains were included in the analyses, some evidence of phylogeographic structure was also detected in this species, which has been historically limited to California and Baja, Mexico. Bayesian analyses indicated that @entity6657 is the more ancient of the two species and that Arizona contains the most diverse subpopulations. We propose a southern Arizona-northern Mexico origin for @entity6657 and describe a pathway for dispersal and distribution out of this region. IMPORTANCE: @entity6656 , or @entity6656 , is caused by the pathogenic fungi @entity6657 and @entity8662 The fungal species and disease are primarily found in the American desert southwest, with spotted distribution throughout the Western Hemisphere. Initial molecular studies suggested a likely anthropogenic movement of @entity6657 from North America to South America. Here we comparatively analyze eighty-six genomes of the two Coccidioides species and establish local and species-wide population structures to not only clarify the earlier dispersal hypothesis but also provide evidence of likely ancestral populations and patterns of dispersal for the known subpopulations of @entity6657 .

title: Local Population Structure and Patterns of Western Hemisphere Dispersal for Coccidioides spp., the Fungal Cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity6657 :: ('199306', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides posadasii', 'C.  posadasii']

entities_list: @entity8662 :: ('5501', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides immitis', 'C.  immitis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['valley fever', 'coccidioidomycosis', 'Coccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity6656 :: (MESH:D003047,Disease) :: ['Valley Fever']


abstract: Bacillus species are biofilm-forming organisms that are associated with Bacillus catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). The optimal treatment of Bacillus CRBSIs is not known. Therefore, in the current study, we determined the role of long-term central venous catheter (CVC) removal and treatment with @entity2176 compared with other agents in Bacillus CRBSIs by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of @entity5 @entity1 with @entity2259 who had been treated at our institution from December 1990 to March 2008. True @entity2259 was defined as a positive blood culture (>15 colony-forming units/mL) with signs and symptoms of @entity281 (such as fever and chills). Bacillus CRBSI was defined in accordance with the @entity166 Society of America guidelines as probable or definite. There were 94 @entity2259 episodes, 93 of which (99%) were Bacillus CRBSIs (28% definite and 71% probable). @entity1398 during @entity2259 occurred in 29%. Almost all @entity2259 @entity1 (99%) had been treated with antibiotics; 63% had received @entity2176 . @entity295 with @entity551 occurred in 6%, and @entity884 in 1%. Bacillus isolates were susceptible to linezolid (100%), @entity2176 (98%), @entity803 (77%), and @entity1215 (67%). All 4 recurrences occurred in @entity1 in whom the CVC had not been removed (12%), whereas no recurrences occurred in @entity1 whose CVC had been removed (p = 0.028). @entity1 outcome, in terms of fever and hospitalization duration after the @entity281 , was similar in @entity1 who had received < or =10 days of systemic antibiotics compared with @entity1 who had received >10 days. In conclusion, catheter retention in @entity1 with Bacillus CRBSIs is associated with a significantly higher recurrence rate. If the CVC is retained, treatment with non- @entity2176 antibiotics is associated with significantly shorter hospitalization duration after the @entity281 , which may be because glycopeptide antibiotics have poor activity against bacilli embedded in biofilm.

title: Management of XXXX : the need for catheter removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacillus bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacillus bacteremia']


abstract: In this prospective study, 51 @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 and @entity5657 were treated with @entity14028 for 2 years. The average dose was 0.5 mg/kg/day. We have evaluated the efficacy and side effects, focusing on skeletal side effects. X-ray examinations were done before treatment and after 1 and 2 years. Forty-five @entity1 completed the study. @entity14028 had a good clinical effect, with 75% improvement in 35 of the @entity1 . Apart from the well-known side effects affecting the mucous membranes, one @entity1 developed biopsy- proven toxic @entity99 . In 2 @entity1 we observed unusual skeletal calcifications located in the forearms and in the hip. These were considered to be caused by the drug. In this study, which included @entity1 up to 71 years, only radiographs of the pelvis and the forearms were of value as routine follow-up films.

title: Efficacy and skeletal side effects of two years' XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin', 'Acitretin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

answer: @entity14028 :: (MESH:D017255,Chemical) :: ['acitretin']


abstract: In this retrospective study, we investigated the incidence of @entity292 ( @entity292 ) in @entity1721 , clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity418 @entity1 with @entity292 , and effective therapeutic options. From 1998 to 2007, 1,095 @entity1 with @entity957 of the esophagus were treated at Samsung Medical Center. A comprehensive retrospective review of all these @entity1 with clinical data of @entity292 was performed. The incidence of @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity418 was 4.7% (52/1095). Comparing with the @entity1 without @entity292 , the @entity1 with @entity292 presented with a more advanced stage of disease, more frequent involvement of upper-mid thoracic esophagus, a longer segment of the @entity5 , and more initial airway involvement. The median time from the diagnosis of @entity418 to the development of a @entity292 was 7.9 months. @entity292 could be divided into three different categories according to the causes; (1) @entity292 associated with complication of the @entity5 progression (65.4%), (2) @entity292 related with treatments (28.8%), (3) @entity292 with mixed causes (5.8%). Four @entity1 (8%) received radiation therapy, and nine @entity1 (17%) underwent surgery to treat the @entity292 . Many of the @entity1 with @entity292 were palliated with esophageal stent (40%) and/or gastrostomy (38%). The median survival time after diagnosis of the @entity292 was 8.0 weeks. An @entity292 resulting from @entity418 entails a poor prognosis in spite of supportive and/or definitive treatment. More comprehensive approach to improve the course of @entity292 and active supportive care, which can prevent complication from leakage, should be developed.

title: Clinical implications of esophagorespiratory fistulae in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity957 ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['esophagorespiratory fistula', 'fistula', 'ERF']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The action and mechanism of @entity4044 leaf extract (EGB50) in fighting @entity943 were studies. METHOD: The animal model of @entity943 was established by intravenous drip of @entity11038 and @entity7832 , and the standard microelectrode technique was used. RESULT: In Oua model, threshold doses of @entity7832 induced @entity3548 , VT, VF, CA were observed. GBE50 significantly increased threshold doses of @entity7832 . In Aco model, threshold doses of Aco induced @entity3548 , VT, VF, CA were observed, GBE50 significantly increased threshold doses of Aco. Effects of GBE50 on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered activity induced by @entity7832 in @entity840 papillary muscles DADs and TA were markedly suppressed by GBE50. The amplitude and duration of DADs were reduced by GBE50 (50 mg x L(-1)) from (13.25 +/- 2.38) mV and (198.38 +/- 53.62) ms to (4.04 +/- 1.44) mV and (57.00 +/- 18.62) ms, respectively, and the induced time of DADs was prolonged from (12.37 +/- 2.26) to (23.00 +/- 4.00) min. TA was reduced from 87.5% to 16.67% (P<0.05, P<0.01). GBE50 (2,10 mmol x L(-1)) had significant therapeutic effects on DADs. The amplitude and duration of DADs were reduced to (10.41 +/- 3.06) mV, (8.92 +/- 2.68) mV and (128.33 +/- 18.91) ms, 103.33 +/- 20.64 ms (P<0.05, P <0. 01 vs control). CONCLUSION: GBE50 can fight @entity943 following @entity11038 and @entity7832 . GBE50 has inhibitory effects on DADs and TA induced by @entity7832 and high @entity141 in @entity840 papillary muscles.

title: [Effect of GBE50 on experimental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity11038 :: ('MESH:D000157', 'Chemical') :: ['aconitine']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) @entity67 is the earliest manifestation of @entity741 . There are no simple stress tests for detecting @entity63 by assessing abnormal changes of early (relaxation) and late (end-diastolic compliance) LV diastolic function. This study attempts to establish the diagnostic accuracy of the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) for detecting exercise- @entity63 -induced @entity67 . Apex- and phonocardiogram were obtained during a 2-min handgrip (40% of maximal @entity2472 using a balloon dynamometer). Indices of LV diastolic function were provided by relative A-wave to total height (A/H) of ACG, total apexcardiographic relaxation time (TART), TART corrected for heart rate (TARTI), and diastolic amplitude time index (DATI). @entity1062 was performed in 63 @entity1 with typical stable @entity951 and 202 healthy volunteers. Positivity of @entity1062 is defined by the presence of at least one of the following new criteria: 1) A/H during or after handgrip greater than 21% (= largest individual value in controls), 2) TART during greater than TART before handgrip greater than 143 ms or TARTI during handgrip less than 0.14 (= lowest individual value in controls), and 3) DATI during handgrip less than 0.27. According to this definition, all controls showed a negative @entity1062 (specificity: 100%). By contrast, @entity1062 was positive in 54 out of the 63 @entity951 @entity1 (sensitivity: 86%). These results demonstrate that @entity1062 is a highly sensitive stress test for identifying @entity1 with @entity951 by assessing LV diastolic abnormalities. Thus, this quick and simple exercise method represents a new aspect in the clinical evaluation of @entity951 @entity1 for the practicing physician.

title: [Value of the handgrip apex cardiography test for detection of early diastolic @entity67 in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['HAT', 'handgrip-apexcardiographic test']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: Activation of cerebral metabolism and improvement of microcirculation by influencing rheological parameters are claimed to be the underlying pharmacological principles responsible for the efficacy of @entity33563 . This dual mechanism of action led the authors to perform a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity303 (DSM III), characterized by a score of 40-90 on the @entity922 ( @entity922 ), with a separate randomization for @entity1 with @entity9398 ( @entity9398 ) and @entity195 of @entity195 (SDAT). It was calculated that 150 @entity1 would have to be recruited for each group. Allocation to the respective group ( @entity9398 or SDAT) was based on the @entity63 Score and computer tomogram. Preceded by a 2-week placebo run-in period, a 12-week treatment period followed with either 3 x 1 g @entity33563 ( @entity33563 ) or placebo. Prior to the study, the physician's rating of the global therapeutic effect from the clinical global impression (CGI) was designated as the primary criterion of efficacy. Secondary efficacy criteria were @entity922 , the @entity29916 nursing rating, and, as psychometric variables, tests from the Nuremberg Psychogeriatric Inventory (NAI). The improvement compared to placebo was statistically significant for the CGI in both treatment groups (p less than 0.0001) and hence independent of etiology. Concerning the nurses' rating ( @entity29916 ), apart from a marginally statistically significant difference for the factor "need of help" in the SDAT group, no remarkable changes were registered during treatment. However, in the @entity922 the differences between verum and placebo were significant ( @entity9398 p less than 0.0002; SDAT p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity33563 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33563 :: ('MESH:D014971', 'Chemical') :: ['xantinolnicotinate', 'Complamin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Hachinski Ischemic']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['MID', 'Multi-Infarct Dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Type', 'Senile Dementia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCAG', 'Sandoz Clinical Geriatric Scale']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity409 and @entity66 . Plasma @entity22968 levels are elevated in a large number of diseases, and is a novel surrogate endothelial cell dysfunction marker. We aimed to assess the role of serum @entity22968 level as a potential mechanism of @entity409 in @entity27 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cohort study in which @entity1 who had undergone a sleep study for diagnosis of @entity27 were recruited. Included @entity1 were grouped according to @entity27 index (AHI) as mild, moderate and severe @entity27 . @entity1 with AHI<5 served as control group. Endothelial function was evaluated with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Plasma @entity22968 level was measured for all @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty eight @entity27 @entity1 included (15 controls, 22 with mild, 22 with moderate, and 69 with severe @entity27 ). The mean age was 51.6   11.9 years and 43.8% (56/128) of the study population was female. As expected, the prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity65 increased as the severity of @entity27 increased. @entity22968 levels were significantly higher and @entity384 measurements were lower in @entity1 with @entity27 compared to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between AHI and serum @entity22968 levels (rho= 0.826, p<0.0001) and there was a negative correlation between AHI and @entity384 (rho= -0.686, p<0.0001) In addition, we observed a strong negative correlation between serum @entity22968 level and @entity384 (rho = -0.613, p<0.0001). In linear regression analysis AHI was independently related both with @entity22968 (p<0.0001) and @entity384 (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity22968 level is strongly associated with the severity of @entity27 and @entity409 . @entity22968 might be a useful early novel marker for @entity1504 in @entity27 @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX : A Novel Pred  ctor of Endothel  al Dysfunct  on   n Obstruct  ve Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['premature vascular endothelial system damage']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity22968 :: (11082,Gene) :: ['Endocan']


abstract: @entity7184 , such as @entity923 and @entity14978 , can be associated with tasks that require prolonged, @entity146 . Previous studies using animal models of repetitive motion have correlated cortical neuroplastic changes or peripheral tissue inflammation with fine motor performance. However, the possibility that both peripheral and central mechanisms coexist with altered motor performance has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the relationship between motor behavior changes associated with @entity146 and both peripheral tissue inflammation and cortical neuroplasticity. A @entity35 model of reaching and grasping involving moderate repetitive reaching with negligible force (MRNF) was used. @entity35 performed the MRNF task for 2 h/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Reach performance was monitored by measuring reach rate/success, daily exposure, reach movement reversals/patterns, reach/grasp phase times, grip strength and grooming function. With cumulative task exposure, reach performance, grip strength and agility declined while an inefficient food retrieval pattern increased. In S1 of MRNF @entity35 , a dramatic disorganization of the topographic forepaw representation was observed, including the emergence of large receptive fields located on both the wrist/forearm and forepaw with alterations of neuronal properties. In M1, there was a drastic enlargement of the overall forepaw map area, and of the cortex devoted to digit, arm-digits and elbow-wrist responses. In addition, unusually low current amplitude evoked digit movements. @entity3426 and @entity1505 increased in forearm flexor muscles and tendons of MRNF animals. The increases in @entity3426 and @entity1505 negatively correlated with grip strength and amount of current needed to evoke @entity717 . This study provides strong evidence that both @entity32 and cortical neuroplasticity jointly contribute to the development of @entity7184 .

title: Peripheral and central changes combine to induce XXXX in a moderate repetition task.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['chronic repetitive motion disorders', 'Repetitive motion disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forelimb movements']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['motor behavioral deficits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with superior oblique muscle palsy often assume a compensatory head tilt to the contralateral side of the affected eye. This tilt serves to decrease the @entity15170 and, in theory, might decrease the excyclotropia. METHODS: A prospective investigation was undertaken of the effect of forced head tilt to the right and left on torsion and the @entity15170 in @entity1 with unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 with unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy had a mean decrease in their @entity15170 of 6.4(Delta) +/- 3.9(Delta) on forced head tilt from the head-erect position toward the contralateral side (95% CI, 4.7-8.1). This finding represented a decrease of 62% of the @entity15170 found in the head-erect position. The difference was significant (p < 0.001, paired t-test). The mean decrease of the excyclotropia was only 0.25 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees on contralateral head tilt, which represented 3% of the excyclotropia in the head-erect position. This difference was not significant (p < 0.06). The percent by which the @entity15170 decreased from the head-erect position to that found on contralateral head tilt was significantly greater than the amount by which the excyclotropia decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With contralateral head tilt, @entity1 with superior oblique muscle palsy demonstrate a significant decrease in their @entity15170 but essentially no change in their excyclotropia. The compensatory head tilt they manifest appears to serve the purpose of decreasing the vertical but not the torsional misalignment.

title: The influence of head tilt on ocular torsion in XXXX with superior oblique muscle palsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase blood pressure (BP) and potentially reduce the efficacy of several antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated the effect of low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) on BP control in drug-treated @entity101 @entity1 in a primary care population. DESIGN/METHODS: Nine hundred and five successive @entity1 aged 25   91 years (mean 65.5 years) from 15 health centers in south-west Finland were studied. The @entity1 were on antihypertensive monotherapy (45.7%) or on combination therapy (54.3%). Office BP was measured twice with a 2-min interval after at least a 10-min rest using an ordinary sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving @entity1281 (n   =   246) showed lower diastolic BP (83.9        9.0 vs. 87.0        9.6   mmHg; P   <   0.001) compared with those who were not using any NSAIDs (n   =   659). No significant difference in systolic BP was observed between the groups. As a result, pulse pressure was slightly higher in the @entity1281 group (66.9        18.9 vs. 63.3        17.7   mmHg, P   =   0.01). Mean arterial pressure was lower in the @entity1281 group (106.2        10.6 vs. 108.1        10.4   mmHg, P   =   0.02). In a stepwise linear multivariate model, @entity1281 remained a significant predictor of lower diastolic BP even after the adjustment with the confounding effects of age and sex. CONCLUSION: According to our population-based study low-dose @entity1281 does not have deleterious effects on BP control in drug-treated @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Low-dose @entity117 and blood pressure control in drug-treated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In 2 @entity1707 farms, 102 sows kept in single ranging on plain concrete floor, 168 sows kept in single ranging on cast- @entity68 grates and 27 fattening @entity1707 kept in group penning on concrete slatted floors were repeatedly examined for the incidence of @entity12897 ( @entity12897 ). The clinical examination was completed by radiological, patho-anatomical and histological examinations of the rear legs. In sows, @entity12897 were found on two prominences of the bones: on the latero-plantar area of the calcaneum and the fourth tarsal bone as well as on the plantar tarsal sesamoid bone. @entity12897 on the rear legs were found in 41.2% of the sows kept on plain concrete floor and in 59.5% of the sows kept on cast- @entity68 grates. The @entity12897 of the sows kept on cast- @entity68 grates were larger than those of the sows kept on plain concrete floor. In 49% of the sows kept on plain concrete floor the skin covering the @entity12897 was reddened, in 45% of the sows kept on cast- @entity68 grates it was covered with scab. @entity272 as well as injury of the @entity12897 themselves were found only in animals kept on cast- @entity68 grates and made up 5% of the cases. In 30% of the cases, palpation of the @entity12897 induced @entity717 . The palpation of ball-shaped, soft bursae more often caused @entity717 than did the palpation of flat-shaped, hard bursae. The occurrence of @entity12897 was combined with kyphosis of the spine, false posture of the rear legs, @entity5108 , hyperextension of the fetlock, @entity4040 of the ankle joint, and anomalies of the claws. In fattening @entity1707 , the @entity12897 were localized at the lateroplantar area of the calcaneum and the fourth tarsal bone as well as at the posterior surface of the calcaneum. At the end of the fattening period, @entity12897 were detected in 26 out of 27 fattening @entity1707 . All of the 48 @entity12897 that were examined histologically showed signs of @entity32 . In 30 cases the @entity32 was chronic, in 18 cases it turned out to be florid. The results indicate that @entity12897 cause @entity158 during the developing phase and also in the chronic stage.

title: [Diseases of the extremities of XXXX in relationship to the floor condition with special reference to bursitis].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['ASB', 'auxiliary synovial bursae']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Injury and necrosis of the skin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['defensive movement']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']