abstract: We have studied the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and the pulmonary cell infiltration in a @entity840 model in which both initial sensitization and subsequent exposure to the antigen were performed by aerosol. Enhanced bronchopulmonary response to aerosol administration of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) was observed 3-4 hr and 18-24 hr after antigen exposure of sensitized animals. In contrast, when @entity1617 and @entity750 were administered intravenously 3-4 hr after the challenge, no significant alteration of the dose-response curves was observed. However, 18-24 hr after antigen challenge, a marked leftward shift of the dose-response curve was observed on intravenous injection of @entity1617 or @entity750 . The increased bronchial reactivity to aerosolized @entity1617 in sensitized and challenged @entity840 reached a maximum by days 2-4, was still significantly increased at day 5 and returned to the basal value by day 8. No further alteration of the dose-related bronchopulmonary response to aerosol or intravenous administration of @entity1617 was recorded 24 hr after a second antigen challenge, performed 8 days after the initial one. The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed a significant increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils 3-4 hr after the exposure of sensitized animals to the antigen, which was also associated with a significant @entity1712 at 18-24 hr. Histological examination of lung specimens obtained from animals 3-4 hr following challenge demonstrated eosinophil infiltration in the peribronchial regions and bronchial walls, as well as within the epithelium. Furthermore, as compared to time 3-4 hr, less eosinophils in the peribronchial area and submucosa were counted 24 hr after antigen challenge. However, a role of eosinophil-derived products in the development of @entity2488 in this experimental model remains to be established.

title: @entity2488 and cellular infiltration in the lung of XXXX sensitized and challenged by aerosol.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsivenss']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pigs']


abstract: Ideal surgery for congenital @entity9407 - @entity1146 would offer excellent cosmetic and hearing rehabilitation, with minimal morbidity. Classic approaches require multiple procedures, including rib cartilage harvest and aural @entity1146 repair. Our facial plastic and otologic team approach incorporates a high-density porous @entity691 (Medpor, Porex Surgical, Newnan, GA) auricular framework, followed by single-stage @entity393 ( @entity393 ) implantation. We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and morbidity of this 2-stage dual system approach. A prospective database of @entity9407 @entity1 was used to identify @entity1 undergoing combined Medpor/ @entity393 auricular reconstruction and hearing rehabilitation between 2003 and 2006. The first stage involves placement of a Medpor framework beneath a temporoparietal fascia flap, followed by a second-stage procedure for lobule transposition and @entity393 implantation. Twenty-five @entity1 (28 ears) were evaluated. Aesthetic quality of the implants was excellent, with a high degree of framework detail visible, and a postauricular crease created in all @entity1 . All @entity1 were satisfied with the cosmetic result. There were no major Medpor complications such as @entity281 , extrusion, loss of implant, or flap @entity39 , and a 10.7% incidence of minor complications requiring operative revision. @entity393 significantly improved hearing in all @entity1 , with a complication rate of 31.8%, mainly skin overgrowth and @entity2688 . The Medpor/ @entity393 dual plastic-otologic approach to @entity9407 - @entity1146 has produced excellent cosmetic results and hearing outcomes, which compare favorably to traditional @entity9407 - @entity1146 repair. This is a 2-stage aesthetic and functional protocol with an acceptably low rate of complications, which safely and efficiently achieves both aesthetic and functional goals.

title: Reconstruction of congenital @entity9407 - XXXX : outcomes with the Medpor/ @entity393 -approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['bone-anchored hearing aid', 'BAHA']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: Targeting of the PI3K (phosphoinositide3-kinase)/ @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in @entity1 @entity43 cells is a promising novel therapeutic strategy. We investigated the effects of @entity900 and the PI3K inhibitor @entity2306 on invasion, migration and the expression of essential matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity43 cells. SKOV3, @entity1 and @entity1 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines were treated with @entity900 , @entity2306 and a combination of both drugs. Invasion and migration of treated cells was assessed using Matrigel and uncoated PET membrane assays. Expression levels of pro- @entity1476 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 and @entity1551 were determined using Western Blotting. Gel zymography was used to quantitate the functional levels of active @entity1476 . All three cell lines showed significantly reduced invasion and migration after treatment with @entity900 , @entity2306 , and the combination of both drugs compared to untreated controls. In SKOV3 cells, @entity900 alone and in combination with @entity2306 resulted in a 6.3 and 7.1-fold reduction in the total amount of activated @entity1476 . @entity2843 expression decreased by 5.0, 6.6 and 28.4-fold with @entity900 , @entity2306 and the combination respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, only @entity900 and the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant, 3.7 and 5.1-fold reduction in the level of @entity1552 . Expression levels of @entity1551 remained unchanged. These observations were corroborated in @entity1 cell lines that showed similar changes of activated @entity1476 and @entity1552 expression, but no significant decrease in @entity2843 levels. Our data suggests that @entity43 cell motility is mediated via down-regulation of activated @entity1476 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 expression under these treatment conditions.

title: @entity900 and PI3kinase inhibition decrease invasion and migration of @entity1 XXXX cells and regulate matrix-metalloproteinase expression.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their effect by inhibition of @entity7542 ( @entity7542 ) as well as @entity2247 enzymes. As @entity7542 is responsible for maintaining normal biological functions, the nonselective inhibition of these enzymes caused side effects including @entity344 . Recently developed selective @entity2247 inhibitors could reduce these adverse effects, but the evidence of cardiovascular side effects including an increased risk of @entity583 began to emerge, and some of the @entity2247 inhibitors were eventually withdrawn from the market and this led to the downfall of this research. So, the discovery of novel @entity2247 inhibitors with their safety profile became the biggest challenge in pharmaceutical research. However, recent mechanistic and clinical studies revolutionized this area by indicating the fact that @entity2247 is involved in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, and @entity5 progression. Epidemiological data suggest that selective @entity2247 inhibitors might prevent the development of @entity5 . Moreover, @entity2247 is found to be overexpressed in many @entity5 thus making it an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of a number of @entity5 . The purpose of this review is to focus on the medicinal chemistry aspects of @entity2247 inhibitors in @entity5 chemotherapy and recent reports on these inhibitors as anticancer agents. We attempted to cover only the COX inhibitors that showed anticancer activity, although a number of potent @entity2247 inhibitors have been reported without their anticancer effects. Furthermore, structure-activity relationships (SAR) of different classes of compounds for @entity2247 inhibition as well as anticancer activity, and their future applications are discussed.

title: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: scope of their use and development in XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) problems']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 and @entity65 are risk factors for @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Selective inhibitors of the type 5 phosphodiesterase are the first option for treating @entity323 . However, it is unknown why there are @entity1 with low response to this treatment. Polymorphisms in the @entity7856 gene may influence the response to @entity7856 inhibitors treatment. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between @entity7856 polymorphisms, @entity6 , and the efficacy of @entity7855 treatment. METHODS: A Spanish prospective cohort of 170 Caucasian male @entity1 diagnosed with @entity323 and @entity741 treated with angioplasty was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity323 was evaluated according to the 5-item version of the International Index for Erectile Function before and after treatment with @entity7855 50 mg. The gene sequence of the @entity7856 gene was analyzed for the presence of @entity34427 and @entity34428 polymorphisms. @entity413 and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured in blood serum samples. The relationship between treatment response, genotype, and glycemic status was analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1 with G-allele of @entity34428 polymorphism showed a worse response to the treatment compared to TT-homozygote @entity1 . Nondiabetic G-allele carriers showed a worse treatment response than TT-homozygotes @entity1 . These differences were not seen in @entity6 @entity1 . There were no significant differences in treatment response according to the @entity34427 polymorphism in total population or according to the glycemic status. Logistic regression analysis showed that nondiabetic carriers of the major allele of both the @entity34427 and @entity34428 polymorphism had a significantly higher likelihood to respond to the treatment than @entity6 @entity1 carriers of the minor allele (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The response to @entity7855 treatment depends on polymorphisms in the @entity7856 gene and the glycemic status of the @entity1 .

title: @entity7856 Polymorphisms Influence on XXXX Treatment Success.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['Sildenafil']


abstract: PURPOSE: Healthy individuals differ in self-reported chemical intolerance (CI). It is unclear whether this inter-individual variability impacts well-being and performance in environmental and occupational settings with chemical exposures. So far, operational definitions and questionnaires of CI have either emphasized physical symptoms or affective/behavioral disruption. In contrast, this study focused on healthy individuals who reported strong CI which generalized to awareness, physiology, affect, and behavior. We investigated whether generalized self-reported CI is associated with hyper-reactivity and reduced cognitive functioning due to chemosensory-mediated distraction during @entity3265 exposure. METHODS: An online sample (N  =  321) answered established CI questionnaires. Based on the convergent self-reports in these questionnaires, healthy @entity1 with generalized CI and healthy female control @entity1 were selected (total N  =  26). Baseline characterization was performed using implicit association, lung and olfactory function tests, health-related self-reports, plasma inflammatory and metabolic markers. Performance in neurobehavioral tasks, perceptual ratings, nasal inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and autonomic nervous system reactivity were examined by means of a 75-min whole-body challenge to @entity3265 (stepwise increase: 0-10  ppm). RESULTS: Correlational analyses confirmed the multidimensionality of CI. @entity1 with generalized self-reported CI exhibited better olfactory function and reported stronger pungency during the challenge than controls. Cognitive performance and physiological response to the challenge were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reports of CI are complex and not easily assessed by unidimensional questionnaires. While generalized self-reported CI is associated with altered chemosensory processing, it seems unlikely that it modulates health effects and cognitive functioning during chemical exposure.

title: Multidimensional assessment of self-reported chemical intolerance and its impact on chemosensory effects during XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women', 'participants']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was the identification, characterization and in vitro replication of the @entity1 corneal stem cells, taking into consideration the difficulties in obtaining sufficient corneal material from living donors. The study explored a variety of stem cell markers, usually found in embryonic or adult mesenchymal stem cells. Culture medium and replication substrates had to be identified, with no data available on this subject in our country (there are no other reports on corneal stem cells in Romania, to our knowledge). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Corneal epithelial limbus was harvested from an enucleated eye, containing also a @entity320 . Stem cells from the limbus were isolated and cultivated in vitro. Expression of specific stem cell markers was evaluated with immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Corneal stem cell expansion in primary culture was slow, achieving 70-80% confluence after 28 days. Stem cells were easily isolated in standard medium, showed fibroblastoid morphology and were positive for certain stem cell specific markers in immunocytochemical staining: Oct3  4, @entity4731 , @entity2440 , SSEA4, @entity1759 , @entity5399 , @entity5439 , and @entity2280 . They also expressed pan-cytokeratin. Donor age (72 years) and the presence of a @entity5 close to limbal stem niche could have had an impact on the proliferation rate and the characteristics of the corneal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated limbal cells were adult type stem cells with an epithelial orientation. The characterization of these cells with immunocytochemistry allowed us to observe surface markers that other stem cells also express.

title: In vitro expansion and characterization of corneal stem cells isolated from an eye with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroid malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: A 6-month-old little @entity1 presented with fever and cervical @entity3329 for four days. On admission, he was found to have conjunctival congestion of both eyes, reddened and fissured lips, straw-berry tongue, macular @entity1910 at the trunk and erythematous change on the BCG injection site. The diagnosis of @entity573 was made and @entity117 therapy (100 mg/kg/day) was started. On the 3rd hospital day, he developed @entity1661 , @entity1087 , poor activity and @entity7405 . Bowel sound was silent on auscultation. Nasogastric tube was inserted for decompression and bilious material was drained out continuously. In addition, bloody, mucoid stool passage was noted. An abdominal radiography revealed dilatation of the small bowel and paucity of the colon gases. On the abdominal ultrasound, hydrops of @entity1085 , marked @entity843 and silent and dilated bowel loops were found. Despite of supportive care, abdominal symptoms persisted and condition deteriorated. Laparotomy was done on the following day. At operation, it was found that the @entity1 developed severe @entity4125 on the long segment of small intestine from 15cm distal to the Treitz ligament to ileocecal valve and some fibrin plagues on the terminal ileum at 25cm proximal to the ileocecal valve were also found.

title: [ XXXX complicated with hemorrhagic enteritis mimicking intestinal obstruction: report of one case].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurologic involvement has been reported to occur in @entity1 with @entity8314 ( @entity8314 ), although the significance of these findings is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity1276 / @entity4651 is a manifestation of @entity8314 . METHODS: @entity1 from the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto, Canada whose mothers had anti-Ro antibodies were followed prospectively. A total of 87 @entity1 were seen in the study period (1999-2004). The maternal autoantibody status of all @entity1 was documented, and all @entity1 underwent full clinical examination at each visit. RESULTS: Of the 87 @entity1 , 47 had @entity8314 . Five of the 47 @entity1 with @entity8314 and 2 of the healthy @entity1 had @entity1276 , resulting in a prevalence of 8.0% (95% confidence interval 4.0-15.0%) in the entire cohort. This is significantly higher than the prevalence in the general population of 0.048-0.081%. Head circumference measurements of @entity1 in the Toronto cohort were largest between 12-24 months of age (Z score difference = 0.71, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: We suggest that @entity1276 and @entity4651 are manifestations of @entity8314 and that @entity1 born to mothers with anti-Ro antibodies should be carefully monitored for @entity1276 as part of their routine physical examination.

title: XXXX and @entity4651 : new manifestations of @entity8314 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity8314 :: ('MESH:C536397', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal lupus erythematosus', 'NLE']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Among @entity1 with autoimmune @entity401 ( @entity401 ) is a known contributor of excess morbidity and mortality. Recent data on survival in idiopathic @entity5442 originate primarily in Asia and Europe and vary widely. We sought to examine mortality in a large U.S. @entity5442 cohort focusing in particular on the impact of associated @entity3130 . METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of @entity1 from the Johns Hopkins @entity5442 Center with @entity792 ( @entity6558 [ @entity6558 ], @entity6017 [ @entity6017 ], or clinically @entity8817 [CADM]) was conducted. The primary outcome assessed was all-cause mortality. Cumulative mortality rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier test; the Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare group differences in survival. RESULTS: Eight hundred and thirty-one @entity1 were included with a median follow-up time of 4.5  years. Four hundred thirty-eight (53  %) had @entity6558 , 362 (43  %) had @entity6017 , and 31 (4  %) had CADM. Ninety-four (11  %) @entity1 had clinically evident @entity3130 . Overall, 51 @entity1 died (6  %). In those without @entity3130 , the survival rates at 1, 5, and 10  years were 99, 95, and 90  %, respectively. In those with @entity3130 , the survival rates at 1, 5, and 10  years were 97, 91, and 81  %, respectively. The risk of @entity204 was statistically significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity3130 compared to those without @entity3130 (HR 2.13. 95  % CI 1.06-4.25; p  =  0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed one of the largest known cohorts of @entity1 with @entity792 and found significantly higher mortality rates among those with clinically evident @entity3130 compared to those without clinically evident @entity3130 . Our results suggest that @entity3130 remains an important and significant source of mortality in @entity1 with @entity5442 and as such should be screened for and treated aggressively.

title: Assessment of Mortality in @entity792 With and Without Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['myositis', 'Myositis', 'inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['amyopathic dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['myositis, associated interstitial lung disease', 'MA-ILD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myositis']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial Lung Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of neck and @entity85 in a group of Australian midwives and explore individual characteristics and workplace exposures associated with these symptoms. DESIGN: cross-sectional, using data from the Nurses and Midwives e-Cohort Study, a longitudinal, electronic survey of midwives and nurses in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. SETTING: data were collected via an online survey in 2006-2008. @entity1 : qualified Australian midwives aged 23-70 years. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: We undertook descriptive analysis of the sample, calculated prevalence and examined associations between individual and workplace variables and neck and @entity85 . Variables achieving p<0.1 in bivariate analysis were entered simultaneously into logistic regression models. Overall prevalence rates were 48.8% for neck and 28.2% for @entity85 ; work-related prevalence was 40.8% (neck) and 24.5% (upper back), comparable to reported rates among nurses and physicians. Presence of symptoms in the adjacent area was associated with greater than a fourfold increased risk for neck and @entity615 . @entity1 with care responsibility for an adult dependent were 36% more likely to report neck symptoms. Current shift work and total physical activity were associated with @entity135 and @entity615 , respectively. @entity14783 were only weakly associated with @entity615 , possibly because the survey tool could not capture a sufficiently broad range of psychosocial exposures to present a complete picture. A striking finding was that work in awkward postures conferred an increased risk of 35% for neck and nearly 50% for @entity615 . KEY CONCLUSIONS: neck and @entity85 were prevalent in this sample. Both individual and workplace factors were significantly associated with neck and/or @entity615 . @entity14783 and work in awkward postures are potentially modifiable exposures that deserve further examination. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: midwives who are or may become carers for adult dependents should be aware of a possible increased risk for neck symptoms. It may be prudent for midwives and those who employ/supervise them to monitor and, where possible, jointly develop strategies to mitigate @entity14783 . The potential hazard posed by work in awkward postures warrants consideration of how midwives may minimize time spent working in these postures.

title: Helping @entity1 but hurting ourselves? Neck and XXXX in a cohort of Australian Midwives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['decreased likelihood of neck']

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological job demands', 'psychological job demands']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['upper back symptoms']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['upper back musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['upper back musculoskeletal symptoms']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with large inoperable @entity765 in various body locations were treated with @entity28657 . Four @entity5 (40%) responded with major regressions, i.e., more than 50% reduction in volume. Eight @entity1 received nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity3352 , @entity10521 , or @entity10521 with @entity1229 and @entity17105 [Mephyton]) for periods of 2 to 91 months. There was one major regression, one partial regression, and three instances of @entity5 growth arrest over periods up to 8 years. Seven @entity1 were treated with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs concurrent with or after @entity28657 or @entity440 . There were five major regressions and one partial regression with extensive central necrosis of an @entity5 . The last @entity1 has been treated for only 12 months, with no change in @entity5 volume. It appears that @entity172 function as growth factors for @entity765 , and that minimization of these effects inhibits @entity5 growth in some, but not all, cases. In those instances where antiestrogens were not effective as single agents, the @entity5 usually responded to subsequent nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Withdrawal of @entity172 may be followed by inhibition of transcription of genes that support @entity5 cell proliferation, and @entity10521 and @entity3352 may augment these effects by inhibiting prostaglandin and @entity1919 synthesis and the activity of protein kinase C. @entity1229 may function as a protonophore to acidify the cytoplasm and prevent the alkalinization that is necessary to initiate DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, again an impairment of the transcription process.

title: @entity28657 , @entity10521 , @entity1229 , and XXXX for unresectable @entity765 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity28657 :: ('MESH:D013738', 'Chemical') :: ['testolactone']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'enormous intra-abdominal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity17105 :: (MESH:D010837,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The extent of reduction of @entity420 ( @entity420 ) incidence in @entity355 ( @entity355 ) @entity1 after endoscopic ablation is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the @entity5 incidence in @entity355 @entity1 after ablative therapy and compare these rates to cohort studies of @entity355 @entity1 not undergoing ablation. METHODS: A MEDLINE search of the literature on the natural history and ablative modalities in @entity355 @entity1 was performed. @entity1 with nondysplastic @entity355 (NDBE), low-grade @entity1141 (LGD), or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and follow-up of at least 6 months were included. The rate of @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing ablation and from the natural history data was calculated using weighted-average incidence rates (WIR). RESULTS: A total of 53 articles met the inclusion criteria for the natural history data. Pooled natural history data showed @entity5 incidence of 5.98/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 5.05-6.91) in NDBE; 16.98/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 13.1-20.85) in LGD; and 65.8/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 49.7-81.8) in @entity1893 @entity1 . A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria for @entity355 @entity1 undergoing ablation (1,457 @entity1 , NDBE; 239 @entity1 , LGD; and 611 @entity1 , @entity1893 ). The WIR for @entity5 was 1.63/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 0.07-3.34) for NDBE; 1.58/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 0.66-3.84) for LGD; and 16.76/1,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 10.6-22.9) for @entity1893 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared to historical reports of the natural history of @entity355 , ablation may be associated with a reduction in @entity5 incidence, although such a comparison is limited by likely heterogeneity between treatment and natural history studies. The greatest benefit of ablation was observed in @entity355 @entity1 with @entity1893 .

title: @entity420 in XXXX after endoscopic ablative therapy: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: At the end of summer, semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) traveling from the Arctic stop in the Bay of Fundy (east coast of Canada) to build large fat reserves before a non-stop flight to South America. During a 2-week stopover, the body mass of this small shorebird is doubled ( approximately 20 g to 40 g) by feeding on a burrowing amphipod, Corophium volutator, that contains unusually high levels of n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ). In mammals, high n-3 @entity5204 content of membrane phospholipids (PL) is linked to improved exercise performance due to increased membrane fluidity that accelerates transmembrane lipid transport. We hypothesized that dietary n-3 @entity5204 could be used as a natural ;performance-enhancing substance' by semipalmated sandpipers to prepare their flight muscles for migration. Also, @entity5204 stored as fuel in neutral lipids (NL) can be mobilized more quickly than @entity1718 , but they contain less energy per unit mass. It is therefore unclear whether dietary @entity1718 are modified before storage. Birds were collected at various stages of fat loading to examine changes in the composition of tissue PL (membranes) and NL (fuel stores). Results show that dietary n-3 @entity5204 are incorporated in tissue lipids in less than 2 weeks. During the stopover, the double bond index of muscle PL increases by 25% and the @entity844 profiles of both muscle PL and adipose NL converge with that of the diet. However, >50% of dietary n-3 @entity5204 are converted to other @entity1718 before storage, mainly to @entity3952 (18:1), possibly because monounsaturates offer a compromise between high energy density and ease of mobilization. This study shows that long-distance migrant birds can (1) use natural diets rich in specific lipids to prime flight muscles for endurance exercise, and (2) modify dietary @entity1718 before storing them as fuel.

title: Performance-enhancing role of dietary XXXX in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on the @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). METHODS: Seventy @entity5815 @entity1 were equally randomized into control and treatment groups according to randomized block design. Acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), etc., for @entity1 in treatment group, and to non-acupoints (2 cm respectively to the abovementioned acupoints) for those in control group. The treatment was given once every other day, 14 times altogether. The @entity1295 and the therapeutic effect were assessed by Chalder's @entity1295 scale (FS). RESULTS: A total of 64 cases (32/group) were finished in this study. After the treatment, the physical FS (5.0 +/- 2.4 vs 6.8 +/- 1.5), mental FS (1.8 +/-1.8 vs 3.1 +/- 1.5) and the total FS (6.8 +/- 3.8 vs 9.9 +/- 2.5) in treatment group, physical FS (5.0 +/- 2.5 vs 6.4 +/- 1.5) and the total FS (7.5 +/- 3.4 vs 9.6 +/- 2.8) in control group decreased significantly compared with pre-treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). There was no marked change in mental FS (2.5 +/- 11.6 vs 3.2 +/- 11.6) in control group after the treatment (P > 0.05). Comparison between two groups showed no significant differences in the 3 indexes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can relieve @entity5815 @entity1 ' physical and mental @entity1295 and the therapeutic effect of acupuncture of acupoints is relatively better than that of non-acupoints in reducing mental @entity1295 .

title: [Randomized controlled clinical trials of acupuncture treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue', 'fatigue degree']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity2316 remains poorly defined, and animal models that represent the @entity1 disease have been lacking. It was demonstrated recently that the severe @entity409 that accompanies a @entity6 state may cause an uncoupling of the @entity1611 ( @entity1611 )-endothelial @entity842 (eNO) axis, resulting in increased levels of @entity1611 and excessive endothelial cell proliferation. It was hypothesized further that @entity1611 -NO uncoupling could be a major contributory mechanism that leads to @entity532 . For testing of this hypothesis, @entity6 was induced in eNO synthase knockout @entity19 (eNOS KO) and C57BL6 controls. @entity6 eNOS KO @entity19 developed @entity101 , @entity633 , and @entity177 with @entity6517 , mesangial matrix expansion, mesangiolysis with microaneurysms, and Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Glomerular and peritubular capillaries were increased with endothelial proliferation and @entity1611 expression. @entity6 eNOS KO @entity19 showed increased mortality at 5 mo. All of the functional and histologic changes were improved with insulin therapy. Inhibition of eNO predisposes @entity19 to classic @entity2316 . The mechanism likely is due to @entity1611 -NO uncoupling with excessive endothelial cell proliferation coupled with altered autoregulation consequent to the development of @entity66 . @entity409 in @entity1 @entity6 is common, secondary to effects of @entity413 , advanced glycation end products, C-reactive protein, @entity414 , and oxidants. It was postulated that @entity409 should predict @entity8 and that correction of the dysfunction may prevent these important complications.

title: XXXX endothelial @entity842 synthase knockout @entity19 develop advanced @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['preglomerular arteriolar disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: Soam discovered the drug @entity33856 (or less BV) in 1907. After that, BV was imported in Japan in the latter part of the Meiji period as Western medicine. Under the influence of the First World War, in Japan, BV was domestic production. And BV are listed in @entity33857 V (1932), it is continued listing until the current @entity33857 X VI (2011). As a foreign pharmacopoeia which listed the BV, only in addition to the @entity33857 , there was a German Pharmacopoeia (DAB). During this time, the @entity33857 and DAB, the standards and test methods of BV, it was amended as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The discrimination test and analysis test was defined based on the chemical properties of @entity1133 and @entity27014 and @entity5497 . Therefore, consistency was seen in the chemical criteria for test. From this it is understood that BV is Bromoisovalerateureido synthesized based on @entity1133 and @entity27014 and @entity5497 . This @entity27014 is the active ingredient of Japanese Valerian and Valerian roots. BV is an organic synthetic @entity1133 derivative that was effectively improved organic synthesis @entity27014 with respect to quality and efficacy surface. For this reason at the time that BV have been developed, it is an ideal new drug, it was described as a good medicine have no side effects. But to BV, there is a nature that it has tolerance, addictive, a dependency. In Japan after the Second World War, there was a lack of awareness about the nature of such BV. That it had become a system that masses can easily purchase the BV. Revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law of 1960 against in this, selling regulation of BV is provided. However, for analgesic formulated with BV of dose observed in the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, as generic drugs, selling is permitted, it is continuing until today. For this reason in recent years, long-term use of BV by self-judgment of the masses is frequent. And chronic @entity5497 poisoning BV by this it have been a problem. Therefore regard to BV, always for their safety, including the overseas situation, I think it is important to seize the new knowledge and information.

title: [Transition of Psychotropic Drugs in @entity33857 ( @entity33857 ) (Part 16). Transitions in the Standards and Test Methods of Bromovalerylurea in @entity33857 V (1932) and XXXX X VI (2011), and Comparison with Deutsches Arzneibuch].

entities_list: @entity33856 :: ('MESH:D001968', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromovalerylurea']

entities_list: @entity27014 :: ('MESH:C008216', 'Chemical') :: ['isovaleric acid']

answer: @entity33857 :: (MESH:D004672,Disease) :: ['JP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity162 and @entity161 have both been associated with deficits in @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ). Deficits in @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ) have also been shown in @entity161 but not in @entity162 . This study sought to assess the specificity of these findings in a direct comparison of clinically stable @entity1 with @entity74 . METHOD: The intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional (IDED) set-shifting task, part of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), was administered to 30 @entity1 with @entity161 , 47 with @entity162 and a group of 44 unaffected controls. @entity1442 and @entity4207 errors were compared between the groups and related to measures of current and past @entity146 symptoms and medication. RESULTS: Both groups of @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity162 made more @entity1442 and @entity4207 errors than controls. Neither measure separated the two disorders, even when the analysis was restricted to euthymic @entity1 . No relationship was found with prescribed medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity161 show @entity51 in @entity1442 and @entity4207 . These deficits do not seem to be attributable to current symptoms and are consistent with disrupted networks involving the ventral prefrontal cortex.

title: Set shifting and @entity4207 in @entity1 with @entity162 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['common deficits']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['extra-dimensional set shifting', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['reversal learning', 'RL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['each disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a risk factor for progressive @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Drugs commonly prescribed in @entity1 with @entity6 may affect liver histology by interfering with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance/secretion. AIM: We studied if statins or antidiabetic agents were associated with @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) and significant @entity82 (SF). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 346 diabetics with biopsy-proven @entity1561 . @entity6 was defined as fasting @entity413 >= 7   mmol/L or glycated haemoglobin >= 6.5% and/or use of antidiabetics. @entity7936 was defined according to the @entity1182 algorithm and SF as F2-4 Kleiner's stages. RESULTS: 84% of @entity1 were on antidiabetic therapy and 45% on statins. @entity7936 and SF were present in 57% and 48% of @entity1 . Statin-treated @entity1 were older, more frequently male and with poorer glycaemic control despite more frequent antidiabetic therapy than those without statins; however, the prevalence of @entity7936 (57%vs56%, p=0.868) and SF (48%vs48%, p=0.943) was not different between @entity6817 users and non-users. @entity7936 was more common in @entity1 on @entity2449 or insulin than in those not treated with these drugs (60%vs47%, p=0.026; 68%vs53%, p=0.017). SF was more common in those treated with @entity5736 (57%vs44%, p=0.030). Multivariate analyses confirmed that use of statins was independently and negatively associated with both @entity7936 (OR (95% CI) 0.57 (0.32 to 1.01), p=0.055) and SF (OR (95% CI) 0.47 (0.26 to 0.84), p=0.011). Moreover, we found independent associations between insulin use and @entity7936 (OR (95% CI) 2.24 (1.11 to 4.54), p=0.025) and @entity5736 use and SF (OR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.11 to 3.74), p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Several medications used in @entity1 with @entity6 are differently associated with @entity1561 histology. Statin use is negatively associated, while insulin and @entity5736 are positively associated with @entity7936 and SF. A wider use of statins may be warranted in this high-risk population.

title: @entity6817 , antidiabetic medications and liver histology in @entity1 with XXXX with @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type-2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: CONTEXT: Earlier studies indicate an inverse relationship between hospital volume and mortality after primary angioplasty for @entity1 presenting with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, contemporary data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between hospital primary angioplasty volume and outcomes and quality of care measures in @entity1 presenting with @entity583 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : An observational analysis of data on 29,513 @entity1 presenting with @entity583 and undergoing primary angioplasty in the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines registry. @entity1 were treated between July 5, 2001, and December 31, 2007, at 166 angioplasty-capable hospitals across the United States. Hospitals were divided into tertiles (<36 procedures per year, 36-70 procedures per year, and >70 procedures per year) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Door-to-balloon (DTB) times, length of hospital stay, adherence with evidence-based quality of care measures, and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Compared with low- and medium-volume centers, high-volume centers had better median DTB times (98 vs 90 vs 88 minutes, respectively; P for trend < .001). High-volume centers were more likely than low-volume centers to follow evidence-based guidelines at discharge. Length of stay was similar between the 3 groups (P for trend = .13). There was no significant difference in the crude mortality between the tertiles of volume (incidence rate, 3.9% vs 3.2% vs 3.0% for low-, medium-, and high-volume centers, respectively; P = .26 and P = .99 for low- and medium- vs high-volume hospitals, respectively). Sequential multivariable modeling using generalized estimating equations revealed no significant association between hospital primary angioplasty volume and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.91; P = .38 and adjusted OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.78-1.66; P = .49 for low- and medium- vs high-volume hospitals, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a contemporary registry of @entity1 with @entity583 , higher-volume primary angioplasty centers vs lower-volume centers were associated with shorter DTB times and more use of evidence-based therapies, but not with adjusted in-hospital mortality or length of hospital stay.

title: Association of hospital primary angioplasty volume in XXXX with quality and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: The mucus protein profile of @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) and changes due to @entity281 with sea lice ( @entity25282 ) were examined. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed on salmon skin mucus and comparisons between control and infected fish mucus were made. LC @entity15 / @entity15 identified intracellular proteins, @entity26402 , actin, and hemopexin and plasma proteins, such as apolipoproteins, @entity26403 , plasminogen and @entity26404 . Plasma proteins in the mucus may result from either direct expression by epidermal cells, leakage of plasma or via a secondary circulation system. Therefore, RT-PCR was used to measure mRNA of @entity26404 and @entity26403 in @entity12178 skin. @entity26404 expression was observed suggesting direct expression by the epidermis. @entity26403 expression was not detected suggesting another mechanism of entry into mucus, either leakage from plasma or secondary circulation. The lack of observable albumin on 2D gels, suggests that mucus @entity26403 may arise from the secondary circulation route. Interestingly, ?-actin was a significant component of @entity12178 mucus. Cleaved actin and @entity26404 fragments were observed and positively correlated with @entity281 suggestive of proteolytic activity. Increased levels of cleaved @entity26404 during @entity281 may activate the nitrous oxide response of salmon macrophages, as part of the fish's immune response to @entity281 .

title: Changes in @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) epidermal mucus protein composition profiles following @entity281 with sea lice ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity25282 :: ('72036', 'Species') :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'sea lice infection']

answer: @entity25282 :: (72036,Species) :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, "laser toning" using low fluence, large spot size, multiple passed Q-switched 1,064   nm Nd:YAG laser has gained much popularity in Asian countries for non-ablative skin rejuvenation and the treatment of @entity1709 . This case series highlights one of the complications associated with laser toning, which is @entity2652 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with laser toning-associated @entity2652 were assessed with cross-polarized and ultraviolet (UV) photographic images. The laser toning regimens received by these @entity1 , as well as the treatment given for depigmentation, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All 14 @entity1 were Chinese females, 9 of whom received laser toning for non-ablative skin rejuvenation and the other 5 for @entity1709 . The treatment regimens received by these @entity1 were highly variable. The total number of treatments received ranged from 6 to 50 (mean 22.07). In all cases, UV photographic images demonstrated facial mottled depigmentation. Laser toning failed to significantly improve @entity1709 in all five @entity1 . Five @entity1 received targeted narrowband UVB for depigmentation with good clinical results. CONCLUSIONS: Laser toning with low fluence Q-switched 1,064   nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and @entity1709 can be associated with mottled depigmentation. With laser toning being frequently performed, this complication may become more commonly encountered in clinical practice. The depigmentation can appear after only a few treatment sessions, and can cause much disfigurement, especially in cases with background @entity1709 . Further studies on laser toning are needed with the view to optimizing efficacy and minimizing side-effects.

title: A case series of XXXX associated with low fluence Q-switched 1,064   nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and @entity1709 .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial depigmentation']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial depigmentation']


abstract: @entity1246 (A) receptors composed of the @entity22473 subunits have distinct properties, functions and subcellular localization, and pathological conditions differentially modulate their surface expression. Recent studies demonstrate that acute @entity410 activity accelerated trafficking of the @entity22473 and @entity32994 subunits but not that of the delta subunit. The trafficking of the @entity22473 and @entity32994 subunits is relatively well understood but that of the delta subunit has not been studied. We compared intracellular accumulation of the delta and @entity22473 subunits in cultured hippocampal neurons using an antibody feeding technique. Intracellular accumulation of the delta subunit peaked between 3 and 6 h, whereas, maximum internalization of the @entity22473 subunit took 30 min. In the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures internalization of the delta subunit studied using a biotinylation assay revealed highest accumulation between 3 and 5 h and that of the @entity22473 subunit between 15 and 45 min. The surface half-life of the delta subunit was 171 min in cultured hippocampal neurons and 102 min in the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. In the subsequent studies, internalization of the delta subunit was found to be dependent on network activity but independent of ligand-binding. @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) reduced buildup of the delta subunit in the cytoplasmic compartments and increased its surface expression, and this @entity2252 effect was independent of network activity. @entity2252 effect was mediated by activation of TrkB receptors, PLCgamma and PKC. Increase in the basal PKC activity augmented cell surface stability of the delta subunit. These results suggest that rate of intracellular accumulation of the delta subunit was distinct and modulated by @entity2252 .

title: Slow intracellular accumulation of @entity1246 (A) receptor delta subunit is modulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sporadic episodes of @entity1173 may occur after supracricoid partial laryngectomy. To prevent risks of pulmonary consequences, a limitation of oral intake of food or a "nothing by mouth" regimen has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term swallowing and pulmonary status of @entity1 after supracricoid partial laryngectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary University Hospital Policlinico "Umberto I" and Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The swallowing status of a selected group of 116 @entity1 who recovered functional deglutition after supracricoid partial laryngectomy was analyzed during follow-up consultation. Swallowing evaluation included clinical observation, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, and a videofluoroscopy. When @entity1173 was confirmed by videofluoroscopy, a high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the chest was performed in order to assess the radiological manifestations of @entity1173 . A group of 45 @entity1 with @entity1030 and normal deglutition was used as a control. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 out of 116 showed a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing suggestive for @entity1173 ; only 45 @entity1 had @entity1173 confirmed by videofluoroscopy. No significant differences in radiological findings were noted in the @entity1 affected by postoperative chronic @entity1173 compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with functional deglutition after supracricoid partial laryngectomy show a mild and well-tolerated degree of chronic @entity1173 and do not require a limitation of oral intake of food.

title: Swallowing ability and chronic XXXX after supracricoid partial laryngectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate histologically and histometrically the effect of a long-term @entity1499 -induced @entity1398 on the periodontal lesion in @entity35 . Forty @entity35 were used in this study. The control side (the interdental area between the left maxillary 1st and 2nd molars) of the @entity35 received no treatment. In the experimental side (the interdental area between the right maxillary 1st and 2nd molars) of the same animals, a suturing nylon thread was inserted into the interdental space between these two molars for 3 weeks to produce a slight inflammation of the gingival tissue. Then, the animals were divided equally into Group A and Group B. Group A received no injection of @entity1499 , whereas Group B was injected with 1.0 mg/kg of @entity1499 3 times per week for 1 to 9 weeks. Animals of both groups were killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks. During the sacrifice, peripheral blood was taken from all animals. White blood cells and neutrophils were counted and the periodontal tissues were examined by light microscopy. 1. Blood findings In Group A, the white blood cell count and neutrophil count did not show any changes for 9 weeks. In Group B, however, the white blood cell count and neutrophil count decreased at 3 to 9 weeks. 2. Histological findings In Group A, the control side did not show any changes for 9 weeks, but the experimental side showed a @entity32 and a moderate alveolar bone resorption at 7 and 9 weeks. In Group B, the control side was similar to that in Group A for 9 weeks, but the experimental side displayed a @entity32 and a severe alveolar bone resorption at 7 and 9 weeks. 3. Histometrical findings In Groups A and B, the control sides did not show any changes for 9 weeks in the gingival ressection. However, in both groups, the experimental sides showed an increased gingival ressection from 1 to 9 weeks. In the experimental sides, the gingival ressecion between these two groups did not show any differences statistically. In Groups A and B, the control sides did not show any changes for 9 weeks in @entity604 . However, in both groups, the experimental sides showed @entity604 from 1 to 9 weeks. In the experimental sides, the @entity604 in Group B at 7 and 9 weeks was significantly severer (p less than 0.01) than that in Group A for the same weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Effect of long-term XXXX -induced @entity1398 on experimental periodontal lesion in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['slight gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'increasing alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: 1. The properties of the @entity460 sensor for @entity413 -induced insulin secretion have been studied using cell-permeant @entity141 buffers with distinct kinetics and affinities. In addition, submembrane cytosolic @entity141 distribution has been modelled after trains of @entity413 -induced action potential-like depolarizations. 2. Slow @entity141 buffers (around 1 mmol l-1 intracellular concentration) with different affinities (EGTA and @entity460 Orange-5N) did not significantly affect @entity413 -induced insulin release. Modelling showed no effect on cytosolic @entity141 concentrations at the outermost shell (0.05 microm), their effects being observed in the innermost shells dependent on @entity141 affinity. 3. In contrast, fast @entity141 buffers (around 1 mmol l-1 intracellular concentration) with different affinities (BAPTA and @entity460 Green-5N) caused a 50 % inhibition of early insulin response and completely blocked the late phase of @entity413 -induced insulin response, their simulations showing a decrease of [ @entity141 ]i at both the inner and outermost shells. 4. These data are consistent with the existence in pancreatic beta-cells of a higher affinity @entity141 sensor than that proposed for neurons. Moreover, these data are consistent with the proposed existence of two distinct pools of granules: (i) 'primed' vesicles, colocalized with @entity141 channels and responsible of the first phase of insulin release; and (ii) 'reserved pool' vesicles, not colocalized and responsible for the second phase.

title: Effects of @entity460 buffering on @entity413 -induced insulin release in mouse pancreatic islets: an approximation to the XXXX sensor.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Melasma is a common @entity74 caused by abnormal melanin deposits within the skin. @entity8156 (HQ) is presently the most popular depigmenting agent, however the treatment of @entity1709 remains unsatisfactory, resulting in a need to evaluate new depigmenting agents. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess, using standard methods and a novel technique, in vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM), the efficacy and safety of a new non-HQ bleaching agent Dermamelan   (Mesoestetic, Barcelona, Spain) in the treatment of @entity1709 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity1709 were enrolled in an open-label trial lasting four months. @entity1 were of Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV. A non-HQ depigmenting agent (Dermamelan) was applied once-daily for three months. Melasma Area and Severity Indices (MASI) were measured. Standard and UV-light photographs were taken and in vivo RCM, which detects pigmentary changes at a cellular level, was done. Evaluations were performed before treatment, on the first, second and third month of treatment and one month after treatment. Upon cessation of the trial, @entity1 completed a questionnaire regarding efficacy and tolerance. RESULTS: At baseline, RCM detected hyperpigmented keratinocytes in all @entity1 , dendritic cells in 2/10 @entity1 , and melanophages in 2/10 @entity1 . Based on the MASI score, Dermamelan treatment improved @entity1709 by 50 percent. This was confirmed by standard and UV-light photography. Maximum therapeutic effect was usually reached by one month of treatment and was maintained at one month following its completion. Interestingly Dermamelan treatment also induced a statistically significant decrease of pigmented epidermal keratinocytes as detected by RCM. @entity1 with melanophages on RCM at baseline had a poorer outcome, but not those with dendritic cells. Mild irritation was the only adverse event observed during treatment. The majority of @entity1 were satisfied with the result. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Dermamelan produces significant rapid improvement of @entity1709 at a clinical and cellular level and demonstrates the potential of RCM to monitor and possibly predict efficacy of a new depigmenting agent in the treatment of @entity1709 .

title: A pilot study using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the assessment of a novel formulation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary disorder']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results after @entity544 laser treatment of @entity3854 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 62 consecutive @entity1 with histologically verified @entity3854 admitted between 1985 and 1991. All @entity1 were treated with a @entity544 laser with an output of 15-20 W and a defocused beam. This treatment vaporized the macroscopically altered area of the glans penis. Phimosis and @entity850 were treated at the same session. Fifty-three @entity1 were still alive in 2004, and we were able to contact 50 of them (94%). The @entity1 were asked about recurrence of symptoms, any visible @entity546 and recurrence of @entity850 . All @entity1 who reported symptoms were invited to visit the outpatient clinic for further examination. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 14 years. At follow-up, 40 @entity1 (80%) had no local symptoms and no visible lesion. Ten @entity1 had minor symptoms but only two required further treatment. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up of @entity544 laser treatment of @entity3854 that the treatment is safe and gives good results.

title: Is XXXX laser treatment of @entity3854 effective in the long run?

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus shows', 'lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis', 'superficial meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile lesion']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: The long-lived plasma cells, which develop after alloantigen sensitization, produce donor specific alloantibodies (DSAs) that generate a positive serum cross-match and preclude transplantation. @entity1749 , a proteasome inhibitor, is being investigated in clinical desensitization protocols, however preclinical studies in a transplant model are nonexistent. We hypothesized that sustained treatment with only a proteasome inhibitor would eliminate plasma cells and reduce DSA over time. Cardiac allografts were transplanted into @entity19 recipients. Eight weeks after allograft rejection the proteasome inhibitor, @entity1749 , was injected intravenously twice weekly for 60 days. Serum alloantibody responses were assayed using flow cross-match. Total and alloreactive plasma cell numbers were enumerated using flow cytometry and ELISPOT. All recipients of cardiac allografts rejected their graft promptly within 16 days and demonstrated alloantibody by flow cross-match. DSA was sustained in the control @entity19 while @entity19 treated with @entity1749 had sustained elimination of DSA and a marked reduction in plasma cell population. Also, @entity1749 was associated with an increased level of @entity15938 . Within a @entity19 model, proteasome inhibition can eliminate alloantibody secreting plasma cells, and reduce alloantibody. Cessation of @entity1749 is not associated with return of DSA.

title: Sustained reduction of alloantibody secreting plasma cells and donor specific antibody with proteasome inhibition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this single-center, single-dose, double-blind randomized parallel group study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a new liquid formulation of @entity7988 at two dose levels (25 mg or 50 mg) compared to a commercially available liquid form of @entity10964 500 mg and placebo with all treatments administered as drops to @entity1 with severe @entity158 . METHODS: The study was designed with a sample size of 69 @entity1 per treatment for a total of 276 @entity1 . However, due to administrative changes at the site, the study was prematurely terminated; thus only 108 @entity1 (26 to 28 @entity1 per treatment), 18 years or older, with severe @entity158 were randomized to one of the four treatments. Treatments were assessed over a 6-hour period using standard scales for @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief and a number of derived variables based on these data. Since the study medications were not identical in appearance, the preparation and administration of the study medication, and the observation of the @entity1 , were carried out by two different individuals to maintain double-blind conditions. RESULTS: All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo for several measures of analgesia including 4-hour and 6-hour SPID and TOTPAR scores. The global rating was assessed as "good" or "excellent" by over 75% of the @entity1 in the active treatment groups compared to 7.4% of the @entity1 in the placebo group. Reduction in @entity158 intensity was very similar for the two-dose levels of @entity7988 and the comparator @entity10964 500 mg. CONCLUSION: @entity7988 25 mg or 50 mg, and @entity10964 500 mg seem to be equally suited for use as @entity158 relief medication after minor surgery, as well as episiotomy. This study did not demonstrate a need for more than 25 mg of @entity7988 in @entity158 . All treatments were well tolerated. No adverse events were reported.

title: Analgesic efficacy of liquid XXXX compared to liquid @entity10964 and placebo administered orally as drops in @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen', 'ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postepisiotomy pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 inhibits the KIT and PDGFR @entity669 kinases, resulting in its notable antitumor activity in @entity674 ( @entity674 ). We previously reported the early results of a multi-institutional prospective trial (RTOG 0132) using neoadjuvant/adjuvant @entity2213 either in primary resectable @entity674 or as a planned preoperative cytoreduction agent for metastatic/recurrent @entity674 . METHODS.: @entity1 with primary @entity674 (>= 5 cm, group A) or resectable metastatic/recurrent @entity674 (>= 2 cm, group B) received neoadjuvant @entity2213 (600 mg/day) for approximately 2 months and maintenance postoperative @entity2213 for 2 years. We have now updated the clinical outcomes including progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival at a median follow-up of 5.1 years, and we correlate these end points with duration of @entity2213 therapy. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were originally entered (53 analyzable: 31 in group A and 22 in group B). Estimated 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 57% in group A, 30% in group B; and 77% in group A, 68% in group B, respectively. Median time to progression has not been reached for group A and was 4.4 years for group B. In group A, in 7 of 11 @entity1 , disease progressed >2 years from registration; 6 of 7 @entity1 with progression had stopped @entity2213 before progression. In group B, disease progressed in 10 of 13 @entity1 >2 years from registration; 6 of 10 @entity1 with progressing disease had stopped @entity2213 before progression. There was no significant increase in @entity137 compared with our previous short-term analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term analysis suggests a high percentage of @entity1 experienced disease progression after discontinuation of 2-year maintenance @entity2213 therapy after surgery. Consideration should be given to studying longer treatment durations in intermediate- to high-risk @entity674 @entity1 .

title: Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant @entity2213 for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable XXXX : long-term follow-up results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0132.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: We investigated the effect of @entity5101 ( @entity5252 ) on graft rejection, starting administration at the onset of rejection and on the induction of @entity1200 . Hearts from WKAH @entity35 were transplanted into the neck of ACI @entity35 . The energy metabolism of the grafted hearts was followed by @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The day that energy metabolism started to fall was defined as the onset of rejection, and intraperitoneal administration of @entity5252 was initiated at 5 mg/kg/day for 15 days from this day. The grafted heart arrested in 2 of 10 @entity35 9 and 11 days after transplantation, respectively, but the remaining 8 recovered from rejection and 5 of them showed evidence of @entity1200 . Of 10 @entity35 treated with @entity5252 from the day of transplantation, only 1 @entity35 showed evidence of @entity16715 . The initiation of @entity5252 treatment from the onset of rejection resulted in a higher percentage of induction of @entity16715 . Therefore, @entity5252 was considered to specifically inhibit lymphocyte clone expansion at the onset of rejection. Spleen cells obtained from recipients 7-10 days after the end of @entity5252 treatment were administered to syngeneic ACI @entity35 grafted with WKAH hearts. Graft survival was significantly prolonged, but long-term @entity16715 could not be transferred. However, @entity1200 could be adoptively transferred in 3 of 5 @entity35 receiving spleen cells from syngeneic @entity35 that had recovered from rejection after @entity5252 treatment and had acquired long-term @entity16715 . These results suggest that suppressor cells are resistant to @entity5252 and are spared and participate in the maintenance of @entity1200 .

title: Therapeutic effect of @entity5101 on acute graft rejection detected by XXXX nuclear magnetic resonance spectrography, and its effect on @entity35 heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity16715 :: ('MESH:C567934', 'Disease') :: ['unresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic unresponsiveness']

answer: @entity9715 :: (CHEBI:37971,Chemical) :: ['31P']


abstract: To examine gut-islet interrelationships, we entirely separated the gastrointestinal tract from the @entity35 . When we arterially perfused this preparation with an erythrocyte-free solution for 1 h, it remained histologically intact and took up @entity26 and @entity413 . Feedings were given via a duodenal tube. The gut absorbed @entity413 when @entity413 in the feeding was high (9.2 g/dl), but not when @entity413 in the feeding was low (58 mg/dl). With feeding, the portal venous effluent (PVE) from this preparation (stomach to ileum) enhanced late-phase, @entity413 -induced insulin secretion from pancreas of another @entity35 . This enhancement occurred when the gut was fed either @entity413 (9.2 g/dl) in electrolyte solution or electrolyte solution alone. PVE from @entity413 -fed upper gut (stomach, duodenum) was similarly insulinotropic. In contrast, PVE from unfed gut or from @entity413 -fed gut of old @entity35 was not insulinotropic. PVE from all gut preparations except upper gut produced a glucagon "spike" during basal pancreatic perfusion. Effects of gastrointestinal peptides (gastric inhibitory polypeptide, @entity6139 , @entity22929 , @entity9113 ) and immunoassays of PVE suggested that the insulinotropic substance is not one of these peptides. Thus, an insulinotropic substance that is not dependent on feeding nutrient material is secreted from the intestine.

title: Secretion of an insulinotropic factor from isolated, perfused XXXX intestine.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity573 is an @entity1333 of unknown etiology that mainly affects small and medium-size arteries, particularly the coronary artery. Coronary artery lesions may develop into aneurismal formation and @entity715 , and progress to @entity741 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity134 pulse therapy following intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) treatment on the regression rate of @entity439 in @entity573 . Among 93 sequential @entity1 referred to us, because of coronary artery lesions in the acute phase, we found 23 @entity439 in 12 @entity1 during the period from January 1997 to January 2008. We divided them into two groups: a non- @entity134 group, 7 @entity1 (13 @entity439 ) treated with single or multiple IVIG but no @entity134 pulse therapy; and a @entity134 group, 5 @entity1 (10 @entity439 ) treated with multiple IVIG followed by @entity134 pulse therapy. We compared the regression rate of the @entity439 between the two groups, retrospectively. The regression rates of the @entity439 in the @entity134 group were significantly higher than those in the non- @entity134 group when we analyzed 1) all @entity439 (p = 0.007), 2) @entity439 (aneurismal diameter was 4 or more x normal, or > 8 mm) (p = 0.018), and 3) @entity439 in IVIG-resistant @entity1 who were resistant to initial IVIG therapy (p = 0.035). All @entity439 , including the @entity439 in the @entity134 group, regressed, and the regression rate of the @entity439 in the non- @entity134 group was about 46%(6/13). @entity134 pulse therapy may be beneficial for IVIG-resistant @entity1 . Our data suggest that @entity134 pulse therapy may lead to regression of @entity439 .

title: High regression rate of coronary aneurysms developed in XXXX with immune globulin-resistant @entity573 treated with @entity134 pulse therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['acute vasculitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Of 255 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 , 111 were eligible for attempted late thrombolysis. They were randomly assigned to either thrombolytic and antithrombotic treatment (treatment group) or routine treatment (control group). @entity1 in the treatment group received streptokinase initiated late (mean 32 hours; range 12 to 49) after the onset of symptoms, followed by heparin infusion for at least 5 days and @entity1229 and @entity4341 for at least 3 months. @entity1 were examined clinically and by bicycle ergometry on discharge from the hospital and after 3 and 12 months. The two groups did not differ with respect to deaths or reinfarctions. There was a trend toward a lower incidence of @entity951 in the treatment group. Exercise tolerance in this group was significantly higher than in the control group (at 3 months 124 +/- 39 W vs 107 +/- 41 W; p less than 0.05). The difference was entirely accounted for by @entity1 with no previous history of @entity1188 or @entity951 (at 3 months 142 +/- 37 W vs 112 +/- 45 W; p = 0.01). ECG signs of @entity741 , silent or symptomatic, occurred at significantly lower levels of exercise among @entity1 in the control group compared with @entity1 in the treatment group. The results support the notion that thrombolytic therapy given as late as 12 to 49 hours after the onset of symptoms may reduce the incidence of residual @entity63 during the postinfarction period.

title: Late streptokinase infusion and antithrombotic treatment in @entity583 reduce subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Increasingly, bone marrow transplant (BMT) is the treatment of choice for certain @entity1503 . BMT is, however, a risky procedure with many potentially serious complications. Some complications are the result of the conditioning regimen, a stage of transplantation that includes large doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Conditioning-induced @entity1398 and @entity882 often result in @entity281 , @entity548 , and @entity33 . @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ), a chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity, can cause a mild to severe form of @entity409 . Other complications are directly attributable to the engrafted new marrow. @entity2132 , a rejection process initiated by immunocompetent donor T lymphocytes, is a complication frequently observed in allogeneic BMT. Approximately 14-28 days after the day of transplant, signs of engraftment begin to appear. When specific discharge criteria are met, the BMT @entity1 is discharged from the hospital. Specific follow-up medical care is ongoing for about one year after BMT.

title: Post-bone marrow transplant XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['Veno-occlusive disease', 'VOD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5409 of the upper abdomen normally develop from pancreatic tissue. The differential diagnoses include @entity5 . @entity5 that secondarily involve the pancreas are very rare and may lead to diagnostic pitfalls. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old @entity1 and a 65-year-old @entity1 , both German, presented with @entity5409 suspected to be @entity9007 . Both @entity5 were classified as @entity674 , epithelioid subtype. In one case, @entity5 origin in the gastric wall was confirmed by relaparotomy. In the other case, a point mutation in @entity675 gene, exon 18 proved the diagnosis of @entity674 . The @entity5 were resected and both @entity1 are still alive and disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of @entity5409 in the upper abdomen must include @entity674 with @entity9007 . The origin of a large @entity674 may be difficult to determine. Epithelioid @entity5 pattern, weak or absent KIT expression and detection of @entity675 mutation are typical diagnostic parameters of @entity1820 .

title: @entity674 with XXXX mimicking a pancreatic tumor: two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions', 'Cystic lesions', 'abdominal cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudocystic tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocystic change', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['cystic gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocystic change']


abstract: The kinetic effects of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) on cultured endothelial cells isolated from @entity291 carotid artery were studied. The cytoprotective effects of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) on @entity274 -induced cell injury were also investigated. @entity274 -induced a dose- and time-dependent cell injury in cultured endothelial cells. @entity274 -induced cell injury was blocked by simultaneous treatment by catalase, but not by @entity224 dismutase. @entity274 also induced endogenous PGI2 biosynthesis, and the maximum PGI2 production was reached after 1 h treatment. Stimulation of PGI2 production was parallel with @entity3899 release from @entity274 -treated cells. However the prostaglandin biosynthesis enzyme activity in cells was inhibited by @entity274 treatment. When the cells were treated with @entity2197 , the intracellular @entity2197 reached a plateau after 3 h treatment. Both @entity274 -induced cell injury and PGI2 production were significantly inhibited by the 3 h pretreatment with @entity2197 . The cytoprotective effect of @entity2197 was completely inhibited by @entity3016 which is a specific inhibitor of @entity2638 synthetase. The results indicate that the cytoprotective effect of @entity2197 on @entity274 -induced cell injury in cultured @entity291 carotid artery endothelial cells depends on the increase in intracellular @entity2197 content.

title: Cytoprotective effect of reduced XXXX in @entity273 -induced endothelial cell injury.

entities_list: @entity2638 :: ('MESH:C017341', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity3016 :: ('MESH:D019328', 'Chemical') :: ['buthionine sulfoximine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: @entity507 or @entity507 (QHS) and its derivatives (mainly artemether and @entity506 ) are novel and the most rapidly acting antimalarial drugs, effective in adults and @entity1 against all the @entity3964 of @entity1 , including multi-drug resistant @entity3964 . Resistance to these drugs has not been identified so far. QHS derivatives are very well tolerated and there is no evidence of serious clinical @entity137 in @entity1 . The @entity2359 seen in animals after high doses of certain compounds has not been reported in @entity1 . In the treatment of severe @entity311 , QHS administered by either the intramuscular (artemether and @entity506 ) or intravenous ( @entity506 ) route, are at least as effective as @entity4807 , and are simpler to use. Intramuscular artemether appears to be an excellent alternative to intravenous @entity4807 , which is specially important since @entity4807 resistance is common in Asia and a decrease of sensitivity to @entity4807 has been reported in Africa. For the treatment of uncomplicated @entity311 , the use of QHS must be highly selective. Treatment by QHS is only totally justifiable in areas where multi-drug resistant strains are prevalent and always concurrently with an other effective, longer-acting, antimalarial drug ( @entity8775 , preferably). This combination approach is associated with an accelerated antimalarial response. It avoids or limits the risk of recrudescences, and protects both drugs from the development of resistance. Artemether and @entity506 have also been administered by the rectal route with highly promising results for treatment of severe @entity311 . This route eliminates several disadvantages or risks associated with injections. The best indication for rectal administration will be probably a rescue treatment of severe @entity311 in rural and poorly equipped dispensaries before transfer to hospital for treatment using conventional modalities. All QHS derivatives should not be used for chemophophylaxis.

title: [Current data on major novel antiamalaria drugs: XXXX (qinghaosu) derivatives].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'Qinghaosu']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['Artemisinin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between @entity508 and bone mineral density in the lower extremities in individuals with a motor complete @entity1566 . METHODS: Eighteen individuals, matched for time since injury, gender, and age, were included in the study. Nine @entity1 had severe @entity508 , and 9 @entity1 had @entity508 that was either mild or not present. Comparisons regarding bone mineral density were made using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regions of interest measured were total leg, pelvis, femoral neck and total hip. Between-group differences regarding fat and lean tissue were analysed. RESULTS: Background data, such as weight, height, standing and exercising habits, smoking and @entity167 use, were similar in both groups. There was no difference between the groups regarding bone mineral density. All of the @entity1 presented with @entity170 or osteopaenia values at the hips. @entity1 with severe @entity508 had larger muscle volume than those with none or mild @entity508 . No correlations between bone mineral density and body composition with age or time since injury were seen. CONCLUSION: No difference in bone mineral density dependent on @entity508 was detected in this study, but all included @entity1 showed osteopaenia or @entity170 at the hip, but not in full body values. Individuals with severe @entity508 had greater muscle mass compared with those with no or mild @entity508 .

title: Spasticity and bone density after a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Regional lung perfusion was measured in the sitting position by 4 external detectors after intravenous injection of 133Xe in 24 @entity1 with @entity339 and in 8 @entity1 with no @entity66 acting as normal controls. Right- and left-sided heart catheterization was carried out on the @entity1 on the following day. @entity4794 was found in 9, @entity339 in 8, and both @entity850 and regurgitation in the remaining 7. Regional lung perfusion in the normal @entity1 fell linearly from the basal to the apical sections of the lungs. The perfusion distribution in @entity1 with @entity339 and a pulmonary capillary vein ( @entity1485 ) pressure lower than 15 mmHg (2-0 kPa) did not differ significantly from that of the controls. A redistribution of the regional perfusion, with an increase in the apical perfusion and a fall in the basal perfusion of the lungs, was seen in @entity1 with a raised @entity1485 pressure. The hyperperfusion of the apical lung sections correlated with the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery (r=+0-795, P less than 0-001), while the basal hypoperfusion correlated with the @entity1485 pressure (r=0-842, P less than 0-001). The @entity1485 pressure can be predicted with an exactitude of +/- 7 mmHg (0-9 kPa) (95% confidence limits). Neither the cardiac index nor the pulmonary vascular resistance correlated with the changes in perfusion. Xenon radiospirometry is a rapid and reliable method for evaluating @entity1485 pressure before or after operation in @entity1 with @entity339 .

title: Regional pulmonary blood flow in XXXX studied by xenon radiospirometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['mitral disease']


abstract: @entity1 lung @entity5 -derived cell lines with low passage generation were transplanted into @entity19 to determine their growth behavior and invasive potential. Six cell lines (HKT-2, HKT-3, HKT-5, HKT-6, HKT-7, HKT-8) were inoculated into deepithelialized @entity35 @entity825 (5 x 10(5) cells/ @entity825 ). After cell inoculation, the tracheas were sealed and transplanted into the subcutis of @entity19 . In a parallel experiment, these cell lines (1 x 10(6) cells) were injected s.c. In the subcutis, the @entity5 take rate of HKT-3, the lowest of all, was only 13% with a long latency period of 18 weeks, and 3 cell lines (HKT-2, HKT-3, HKT-7) did not show any invasive growth to the surrounding tissue. In @entity35 tracheas, all cell lines proliferated within 3 weeks, and 4 of them (HKT-2, HKT-5, HKT-6, HKT-8) showed invasive growth to the tracheal wall within 1-2 weeks. Cells growing in the tracheal wall showed higher @entity665 labeling indexes and greater atypia, such as larger nuclei and prominent nucleoli, than those in the tracheal lumen. The s.c. @entity5 take rate correlated with the incidence of invasive growth to the tracheal wall. The survival of the @entity1 originally bearing the six @entity5 also correlated closely with the invasive potential of this system. These results indicate that the system using low passage cell lines can evaluate the invasive potential shortly after the inoculation of a relatively small number of cells and can be used as a clinically reliable biological invasion assay.

title: In vivo invasion assay of low passage cultured cells derived from @entity1 lung cancer using deepithelialized XXXX tracheas xenotransplanted into @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to classify prospectively a series of @entity5 according to the International @entity521 Staging System (INSS) and the International @entity521 Response Criteria (INRC) and to evaluate the difficulties and pitfalls involved in a multicentre setting. Each hospital provided their data for central review. The surgical procedures and their complications were reported. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and event-free survival were calculated according to stage and response to therapy. From June 1992 to December 1996, 194 @entity1 were included in the study, with a mean age of 2 years. Initial studies were performed according to INSS recommendations without major problems. INSS stage was correctly applied to all @entity1 except for 9 (95%). @entity532 were observed in 15 @entity1 (8.3%). Response to therapy (INRC) was studied in 63 stage 4 @entity1 , 11 of whom were not classified correctly (17%). Differences in survival according to stage (INSS) and group of response to therapy (INRC) were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In conclusion the INSS was easy to use and separated different prognostic groups. Surgical complications and mortality did not increase in this series because of using the INSS. The feasibility of INRC was evaluated in a small series of stage 4 @entity1 and the designation of response was problematic in a relatively high proportion of cases. The prognostic value of the different responses was highly significant, but less informative than had been hoped for.

title: Prospective evaluation of the International @entity521 Staging System (INSS) and the International XXXX Response Criteria (INRC) in a multicentre setting.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']