abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our initial results with complete primary repair of exstrophy in regard to continence status and the need for subsequent continence procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of our surgical records from 1996 to 2008 to identify all @entity1 with @entity1494 managed at our center. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were closed successfully. Six @entity1 (37.5%) experienced complications: umbilical hernias in two, transient penopubic @entity292 in three, and subcoronal @entity292 due to @entity850 in one. Of the 12 males, seven (58.3%) were left with a @entity2650 at the time of primary closure. Two (22.2%) @entity1 required a formal bladder neck reconstruction to achieve continence. Bladder augmentation and continent catheterizable stoma was performed in four cases (44.4%), and bladder neck injection in one case (11.1%). Bladder neck closure was also performed in another @entity1 following primary closure. Three of these @entity1 are continent and void spontaneously (33.3%). The remaining six require clean intermittent catheterization four to six times a day, resulting in four (44.4%) being continent. The number of continence procedures and mean number per @entity1 were 15 and 1.66, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our early experience with this technique has been encouraging, with few major complications, a highly successful closure rate and a cosmetically normal result.

title: Our initial experience with the technique of complete primary repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recently identified @entity5435 : @entity9493 fusion gene is a candidate oncogene for @entity263 ( @entity263 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We have tested for the presence of this gene in @entity5 samples from 84 @entity1 who had radical prostatectomy in 1998-2000. Sixty @entity1 (group A) had surgery only; 24 @entity1 (group B) received @entity342 ablation therapy for 3 months before surgery. The occurrence of the rearrangement was evaluated by RT-PCR and by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS: A @entity5435 : @entity9493 fusion gene was present and expressed, as demonstrated by RT-PCR, in 84% of @entity1 in group A and in 54% of @entity1 in group B (p=0.01). The presence of @entity5435 : @entity9493 transcripts and the levels of @entity9493 RNA, measured by quantitative Real Time-PCR, did not correlate significantly with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the @entity5 . In @entity1 of group A, but not in those of group B, @entity9493 expression showed a negative correlation with the Gleason score (p=0.0001). Histochemical analysis showed that @entity9493 expression is limited to @entity5 cells, and in group A @entity1 (but not in group B @entity1 ) it is limited to those glands that express @entity5435 : @entity9493 . CONCLUSION: The lower proportion of @entity1 expressing @entity5435 : @entity9493 in group B suggests that @entity342 ablation inhibits the expression of @entity5435 : @entity9493 . Moreover, in group B, but not in group A, @entity1 with expression of the fusion gene had earlier @entity1486 recurrence (p=0.007). Although preliminary, the data indicate that @entity5 in which pre-surgery @entity342 ablation fails to suppress expression of the fusion gene have a higher risk of recurrence.

title: Persistence of expression of the XXXX : @entity9493 fusion gene after pre-surgery @entity342 ablation may be associated with early @entity1486 relapse of @entity263 : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5435 :: (7113,Gene) :: ['TMPRSS2']


abstract: This study aimed to document outcome of invasive @entity1576 (IRA) in pediatric @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1398 episodes followed between January 2003 and May 2007 were enrolled. Antifungal therapy was added to those who were still febrile on the 5th day of @entity1398 treatment. @entity1 were screened with computerized tomographies. IRA was identified in 22 of 98 @entity1 . There were 13 males and the mean age was 97 months. Proven infection was established in 3, probable in 7, and possible in 12 @entity1 . Liposomal @entity2379 was administered to all @entity1 and was successful in 10 @entity1 . Modifications with @entity11794 or @entity5074 were done in liposomal @entity2379 failures. The median duration of antifungal therapy was 5.5 months. The median follow-up time was 29 months. There was no evidence of IRA in 12 @entity1 after completion of @entity5 chemotherapy. Six @entity1 died due to underlying disease, whereas IRA was either in remission or stable disease. Four @entity1 were lost due to IRA. The remission rate for IRA was 82%. Survival at 37 months was 55% (95% confidence interval 25-47 months). The amount of time that absolute neutrophil count after initiation of treatment for IRA remained at zero was found to be an independent prognostic factor on survival (P = .01). These results suggest that early diagnosis and @entity146 treatment may increase the successful outcome of IRA.

title: Invasive @entity1576 is a treatable disease with early diagnosis and XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy after @entity2209 or @entity204 is an emotionally challenging life-event for @entity1 and adequate emotional support during pregnancy should be considered an essential component of quality maternity care. There is a lack of evidence surrounding the role of UK maternity services in meeting @entity458 in subsequent pregnancies. This study aimed to gain an overview of current UK practice and womens' experiences of care in pregnancy after the death of a baby. METHODS: Online cross-sectional surveys, including open and closed questions, were completed on behalf of 138 United Kingdom (UK) Maternity Units and by 547 @entity1 who had experience of UK maternity care in pregnancy after the death of a baby. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using SPSS software. Open textual responses were managed manually and analysed using the framework method. RESULTS: Variable provision of care and support in subsequent pregnancies was identified from maternity unit responses. A minority had specific written guidance to support care delivery, with a focus on antenatal surveillance and monitoring for complications through increased consultant involvement and technological surveillance (ultrasound/cardiotocography). Availability of specialist services and professionals with specific skills to provide emotional and psychological support was patchy. There was a lack of evaluation/dissemination of developments and innovative practice. Responses across all UK regions demonstrated that @entity1 engaged early with maternity care and placed high value on professionals as a source of emotional support. Many @entity1 were positive about their care, but a significant minority reported negative experiences. Four common themes summarised womens' perceptions of the most important influences on quality and areas for development: sensitive communication and conduct of staff, appropriate organisation and delivery of services, increased monitoring and surveillance and perception of standard vs. special care. CONCLUSIONS: These findings expose likely inequity in provision of care for UK parents in pregnancy after @entity2209 or @entity204 . Many parents do not receive adequate emotional and psychological support increasing the risk of poor health outcomes. There is an urgent need to improve the evidence base and develop specific interventions to enhance appropriate and sensitive care pathways for parents.

title: Marvellous to mediocre: findings of national survey of UK practice and provision of care in pregnancies after @entity2209 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ["womens' emotional and psychological needs"]

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['neonatal death']


abstract: cDNA microarray is an established technique. However, difficulties such as handling tissue samples under RNase-free conditions, the heterogeneous @entity5 composition, i.e. non-malignant versus malignant cells and different pathologic types of malignant cells, and lack of appropriate reference may limit the potentially benefit of this method in clinical use. In this study, we examined how standardization of gene expression to total mg RNA or mg tissue and @entity5 heterogeneity affect the final results. We found that the gene expression of @entity1 @entity0 was approximately 9 times higher in malignant tissue as compared to the non-malignant tissue when expressed per total mg RNA, but approximately 40 times higher when expressed per mg tissue. Genes that were expected to act as housekeeping genes (PUC18, RPL and @entity217 ) varied between different parts of the @entity5 and also between non-malignant and malignant tissues, excluding them as reference genes. We also found that the gene expression differed in various parts of the @entity0 , probably due to a mixture of different types of cells, i.e. non-malignant and malignant cells. To find out if the variations in the gene expression were due to cell heterogeneity we used microdissection to collect malignant cells separately. We found that the gene expression was markedly different in the isolated malignant cells as compared to the gene expression of the bulk @entity5 tissue. Thus, to be able to evaluate results from cDNA array gene expression experiments it is, to our opinion, necessary to work with pure @entity5 cell populations, until solid information is available on the impact of stromal component. Housekeeping genes should be handling with care and mg tissue may be preferred instead of microg RNA for standardization.

title: The impact of RNA standardization and heterogeneous gene expression on the results of cDNA array of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of fat gain and its distribution on endothelial function in lean healthy @entity1 . BACKGROUND: @entity409 has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Whether fat gain impairs endothelial function is unknown. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of fat gain on endothelial function. Forty-three normal-weight healthy volunteers were recruited (mean age 29 years; 18 @entity1 ). Subjects were assigned to gain weight (approximately 4 kg) (n=35) or to maintain weight (n=8). Endothelial function (brachial artery @entity384 [ @entity384 ]) was measured at baseline, after fat gain (8 weeks), and after @entity353 (16 weeks) for fat gainers and at baseline and follow-up (8 weeks) for weight maintainers. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: After an average weight gain of 4.1 kg, fat gainers significantly increased their total, visceral, and subcutaneous fat. Blood pressure and overnight polysomnography did not change after fat gain or loss. @entity384 remained unchanged in weight maintainers. @entity384 decreased in fat gainers (9.1+/-3% vs. 7.8+/-3.2%, p=0.003) but recovered to baseline when subjects shed the gained weight. There was a significant correlation between the decrease in @entity384 and the increase in visceral fat gain (rho=-0.42, p=0.004), but not with subcutaneous fat gain (rho=-0.22, p=0.15). CONCLUSIONS: In normal-weight healthy young subjects, modest fat gain results in impaired endothelial function, even in the absence of changes in blood pressure. Endothelial function recovers after @entity353 . Increased visceral rather than subcutaneous fat predicts @entity409 . (Fat Gain and @entity65 Mechanisms; NCT00589498).

title: Modest visceral fat gain causes XXXX in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: The management of @entity21879 has become a new and increasing need in Senegal. The files of 47 @entity1 presenting with @entity21879 were collated over twelve years. The mean age was 33,9 years. Three surgical techniques were used. The average sternal notch to nipple measurement was 33 cm. Surgery was performed on twenty-two @entity1 , or 42 breast. The surgical technique of Mac Kissock was used in 50% of the cases, the inferior pedicle technique in 13.6% of the cases and the technique of Thorek in 36.4% of the cases. The average weight of tissue removed was 1.3 kg per breast. Our rate of post-operative complications was 9.5% , mostly suppurations. Close to 91% of the @entity1 expressed being satisfied with the aesthetic result obtained. The surgery of @entity21879 is increasing in our activity.

title: [ XXXX : preliminary study in Dakar].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['breast hypertrophy']

answer: @entity21879 :: (MESH:C536821,Disease) :: ['Breast hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in @entity1 with @entity9042 and evaluate the risk of developing @entity27 in this @entity1 population. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity9042 by a single physician at the Duke Eye Center over a 14-year period were identified. A power calculation was done a priori, and based on this, the first 101 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 were administered a standardized questionnaire regarding medical and ocular health. Those without the history of @entity27 were administered the Berlin questionnaire to determine their risk for developing @entity27 . Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of @entity27 and to compare it with previously reported prevalence data in the general population. RESULTS: The prevalence of previously diagnosed @entity27 was 18% (18 of 101); all reported having a formal sleep study in the past. Of the remaining @entity1 (n = 83), 47% (39 of 83) were determined to be at high risk for the development of @entity27 determined by the Berlin questionnaire score. Comorbid health conditions included @entity101 (37%), acid reflux (30%), @entity6 (20%), and @entity566 (66%). A history of penetrating keratoplasty was found in 48%. The average body mass index of the study population was 31.2 (median, 28.4). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9042 @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity27 compared with that accepted for the general population. A striking number of our @entity1 without previous diagnosis of @entity27 seem to be at high risk for developing @entity27 , supporting our recommendation for a greater awareness among clinicians who might otherwise overlook this systemic condition and its consequences.

title: Prevalence of sleep apnea in XXXX with @entity9042 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergies']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['Keratoconus', 'keratoconus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Consistent epidemiologic evidence suggests that @entity697 increase the risk for acute cardiovascular events. We tested in @entity1 whether activation of peripheral leukocytes in reaction to the administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity1851 (rhCRP) may provide a mechanism for infectious diseases to promote @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: By using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, whole-blood expression profiles were analyzed for 95 inflammatory markers before and after infusion of 1.25 mg/kg rhCRP in 5 male volunteers. Relevant transcript levels were measured at baseline and 4 and 8 hours after rhCRP-infusion. CRP caused significant up-regulation of @entity1495 , @entity2842 , plasminogen activator urokinase, @entity10557 , and nuclear factor of kappa B inhibitor mRNAs in peripheral leukocytes. mRNA up-regulation of @entity1495 and @entity2842 was 17- and 11-fold, respectively. The corresponding increase in plasma protein levels of @entity1495 (78+/-32 ng/mL to 109+/-41 ng/mL; P=.014) and @entity2842 (312+/-92 pg/mL to 2590+/-898 pg/mL; P=.007) closely mirrored mRNA findings. Also, in whole-blood culture stimulation assays, CRP induced proinflammatory changes. Notably, heat inactivation abolished the capacity of CRP to evoke these proinflammatory changes, excluding a role for contaminants within the purified CRP preparation. CONCLUSION: CRP elicits activation of peripheral leukocytes with ensuing secretion of plaque-destabilizing mediators. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that infectious diseases trigger manifestations of @entity731 , in which CRP elevation might contribute to the onset of cardiovascular events.

title: @entity1851 elicits white blood cell activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The management of @entity1415 is an important issue for maxillofacial @entity130 @entity1 , because of their frequency and severity. We assessed a single use sterile hemostatic gel matrix (surgiflo   [SF], Floseal    [FS]) available for this indication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 were managed between 2008 and 2012 by the same surgeon. The following data was documented for each @entity1 : gender, age, mechanism of @entity130 or type of surgery, characteristics of @entity1415 , the various hemostatic techniques used before using SF, and its effectiveness. The primary endpoint was SF effectiveness compared with usual techniques. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of @entity1 comfort compared to other hemostatic methods, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: In nine out of ten cases, @entity1415 was controlled after endonasal instillation of SF after failure of wicking, or double balloon catheter in first line treatment, or use of SF directly as first line treatment. The mean post procedure VAS was: 7/10 for wicking (eight @entity1 ), 9.3/10 for the double balloon catheter (three @entity1 ), 3.2/10 for SF (ten @entity1 ). DISCUSSION: Our study highlights the effectiveness of hemostatic gel matrix in the management of post- @entity1415 compared to usual methods. It also pointed out better @entity1 comfort. A prospective comparative study on a larger cohort of @entity1 would support the legitimacy of SF as first-line treatment for severe @entity1415 .

title: [Hemostatic absorbable gel matrix for severe post- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis', 'traumatic epistaxis', 'posttraumatic epistaxis']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['traumatic epistaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 after esophagectomy remains an important source of postoperative morbidity in spite of advances in the management of these @entity1 . The aim of this study is to identify the predictive factors of cervical @entity834 and its consequences after esophagectomy in @entity1 with @entity418 treated in a high volume @entity5 center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 418 @entity1 with @entity418 who underwent esophagectomy in a referral @entity5 center between 2001 and 2006. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and surgical data were collected from medical charts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95% ) were calculated. RESULTS: Predictive factors of leakage in univariate analysis were history of @entity101 (P=0.003), @entity6 (P=0.008), forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted (FEV1%) (P=0.024), preoperative serum @entity1011 level (P=0.004), and degree of differentiation of the @entity5 (P=0.014); however, multivariate regression analysis identified history of @entity101 (OR 7.2, [CI 95% :1.9 to 28.1]; P=0.004) and serum @entity1011 level > 0.85 mg/dl (OR 3.1, [CI 95% :1.04 to 9.04]; P=0.042) as independently significant risk factors. @entity358 (P=0.042) and length of hospital stay (P < 0.0001) were observed significantly more in @entity1 with @entity834 . Cervical leakage was not associated with increased mortality rate (P=0.312). CONCLUSION: Preoperative conditions like @entity101 and higher @entity1011 levels predict development of cervical @entity834 after @entity418 surgery. Postoperative consequences accompanying leakage include @entity358 and prolonged hospitalization.

title: Predictors and outcome of cervical XXXX after @entity418 surgery.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 influenza virus isolates generally grow poorly in embryonated @entity1573 eggs. Hence, gene reassortment of influenza A wild type (wt) viruses is performed with a highly egg adapted donor virus, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8), to provide the high yield reassortant (HYR) viral 'seeds' for vaccine production. HYR must contain the hemagglutinin (HA) and @entity689 ( @entity689 ) genes of wt virus and one to six 'internal' genes from PR8. Most studies of influenza wt and HYRs have focused on the HA gene. The main objective of this study is the identification of the molecular signature in all eight gene segments of influenza A HYR candidate vaccine seeds associated with high growth in ovo. METHODOLOGY: The genomes of 14 wt parental viruses, 23 HYRs (5 H1N1; 2, 1976 H1N1-SOIV; 2, 2009 H1N1pdm; 2 H2N2 and 12 H3N2) and PR8 were sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing pipeline with big dye terminator chemistry. RESULTS: Silent and coding mutations were found in all internal genes derived from PR8 with the exception of the M gene. The M gene derived from PR8 was invariant in all 23 HYRs underlining the critical role of PR8 M in high yield phenotype. None of the wt virus derived internal genes had any silent change(s) except the @entity31045 gene in X-157. The highest number of recurrent silent and coding mutations was found in NS. With respect to the surface antigens, the majority of HYRs had coding mutations in HA; only 2 HYRs had coding mutations in @entity689 . SIGNIFICANCE: In the era of application of reverse genetics to alter @entity11317 genomes, the mutations identified in the HYR gene segments associated with high growth in ovo may be of great practical benefit to modify PR8 and/or wt virus gene sequences for improved growth of vaccine 'seed' viruses.

title: Molecular signature of high yield (growth) XXXX reassortants prepared as candidate vaccine seeds.

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

answer: @entity11317 :: (11320,Species) :: ['influenza a virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical inertia is a failure to intensified treatment according to evidence-based guidelines. Clinical inertia can have both short and long term adverse effects for @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort was performed using medical records at a university-based hospital in Thailand. @entity1 were classified into two groups, clinical inertia and non-inertia. Clinical inertia is defined as failure to initiate insulin within 3   months in @entity1 with HbA1C    >=    9% who were already taking two oral antidiabetic agents. @entity1 were recruited and followed during January 2010 to December 2014. RESULTS: From 1,206 records, 98 @entity1 with mean @entity4051 C of 10.3% were enrolled and followed for a median time of 29.5   months. 68.4% were classified into the clinical inertia group. Mean HbA1C decrement        SD in clinical inertia vs. non-inertia were 0.82        1.5% vs. 3.02        1.8% at 6   months (p   <   0.001) and 1.46        1.85% vs. 3.04        1.76% at the end of study (p   <   0.001). Clinical inertia has a significantly shorter median time to progression of @entity6 (log rank test, p   =   0.02) and a higher incidence rate of @entity6 progression (10 vs. 2.2 cases per 1,000 @entity1 -months, p   =   0.003). The adjusted incidence rate ratio for @entity6 progression in clinical inertia was 4.92 (95% CI; 1.11-21.77, p   =   0.036). Being treated by general practitioners was the strongest associated risk factor for clinical inertia. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical inertia can cause persistently poor glycemic control and speed up the progression of @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical inertia causing new or progression of XXXX : A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes']


abstract: @entity3068 ( @entity3068 ), caused by @entity3069 . @entity3068 (Map), is a chronic @entity1681 that affects many ruminants and other wild animals worldwide. @entity3068 is a great concern in animal health and in etiology of @entity1 @entity30 ( @entity30 ). In the present study, we detected Map-specific insertion sequence IS900 of DNA in tissue sections surgically removed from lesions of @entity1 with @entity30 (29 samples), @entity31 ( @entity31 ) (17 samples), and @entity29 ( @entity29 ) (20 samples). We then compared the histopathological findings of 29 @entity30 and 17 @entity31 cases with those of 35 cases of @entity291 @entity3068 , since few comparative pathological studies of @entity1 @entity29 and @entity3068 have been conducted. The QPCR examination indicated positive results in 13.37% of @entity30 cases, 3.57% of @entity31 cases, and 10% of non- @entity29 cases. @entity1 @entity30 tissues typically exhibited @entity1681 with @entity2617 and scattered additional granulomas; @entity31 lesions exhibited much less @entity32 than @entity30 lesions. Non- @entity29 control samples did not exhibit pathological changes. @entity1 @entity30 and @entity31 lesions were very different from @entity3068 lesions that are characterized by predominant @entity738 formation. Immunohistochemistry for Map antigen and acid-fast staining were negative in all @entity1 @entity29 cases but were always positive in @entity3068 cases. Our present comparative study strongly suggests that we reconsider the previous hypothesis that " @entity19262 " causes @entity30 , even though @entity1 intestines were considered to have been exposed to the Map antigen containing the DNA.

title: Molecular pathogenesis of @entity291 XXXX and @entity1 @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['severe lympho-plasma infiltration']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'non-inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['Map infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculosis', 'paratuberculosis', 'Ptb']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['destructive full thickness enteritis', 'enteritis']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, location, and associated findings of extensor mechanism injuries in the setting of @entity3031 . METHODS: A retrospective search for @entity1 with previous @entity3031 and MRI of the knee was made during a 5-year period. Images were evaluated for @entity854 commonly seen in patellar instability. Patellar and @entity121 tendon integrity were also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 were included in the study. Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries were identified in 10 @entity1 (71%) with @entity3029 . As in @entity1 with previous @entity8043 , medial patellofemoral ligament injuries commonly occurred at the femoral attachment of the ligament. Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries correlated well with vastus medialis oblique elevation. @entity1796 were less common identified in only 5 @entity1 (36%). CONCLUSIONS: Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries can be associated with @entity3031 . In addition, patellar @entity1796 can also occur, although these are usually partial tears.

title: Extensor mechanism injuries in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries', 'Patellar tendon injuries']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['tibiofemoral knee dislocations', 'knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['tibiofemoral dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['tibiofemoral dislocations']


abstract: Acinar cells in @entity788 die through apoptosis and @entity39 , the roles of which are different. The severity of experimental @entity788 correlates directly with the extent of @entity39 and inversely, with apoptosis. Apoptosis is mediated by the release of @entity4674 into the cytosol followed by caspase activation, whereas @entity39 is associated with the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) loss leading to @entity855 depletion. Here, we investigate the role of @entity588 proteins in apoptosis and @entity39 in @entity788 . We found up-regulation of prosurvival @entity588 proteins in pancreas in various experimental models of @entity656 , most pronounced for @entity1836 . This up-regulation translated into increased levels of @entity1836 and @entity588 in pancreatic mitochondria. @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors induced @entity393 and @entity4674 release in isolated mitochondria. Corroborating the results on mitochondria, @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors induced @entity393 , @entity855 depletion and @entity39 in pancreatic acinar cells, both untreated and hyperstimulated with @entity13216 -8 (in vitro @entity788 model). Together @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors and @entity13216 induced more @entity39 than either treatment alone. @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors also stimulated @entity4674 release in acinar cells leading to @entity522 activation and apoptosis. However, different from their effect on pronecrotic signals, the stimulation by @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors of apoptotic responses was less in @entity13216 -treated than control cells. Therefore, @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibitors potentiated @entity13216 -induced @entity39 but not apoptosis. Correspondingly, transfection with @entity1836 siRNA stimulated @entity39 but not apoptosis in the in vitro @entity788 model. Further, in animal models of @entity788 @entity1836 up-regulation inversely correlated with @entity39 , but not apoptosis. Results indicate that @entity1836 and @entity588 protect acinar cells from @entity39 in @entity788 by stabilizing mitochondria against @entity204 signals. We conclude that @entity1836 / @entity588 inhibition would aggravate @entity656 , whereas @entity1836 / @entity588 up-regulation presents a strategy to prevent or attenuate @entity39 in @entity788 .

title: Prosurvival XXXX proteins stabilize pancreatic mitochondria and protect against @entity39 in experimental @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['DeltaPsim loss']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: @entity308 can be accompanied by suicidal ideation, yet reports of suicide among @entity64 @entity1 are rare. When untreated, @entity308 can become prolonged and severe. Risk factors for suicide include @entity308 , severe @entity22 , @entity102 , and @entity75 . Early clinical assessment of suicide risk factors is essential in the rehabilitation setting. Two @entity1 who developed @entity1316 in the acute poststroke period and eventually committed suicide are presented. Neither @entity1 openly expressed suicidal thoughts to staff or family members. Retrospective analysis of medical records was compared to established suicide risk factors reported in the medical literature. Indirect verbal cues and nonverbal behavior patterns indicating potential suicide risk may have been present. Strategies for evaluation and management of suicidal behavior are discussed. These cases emphasize the need for early assessment of suicide risk by the entire rehabilitation team.

title: Assessing suicide risk in @entity64 XXXX : review of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Poststroke depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbances']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A total of 92 @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were randomized to receive @entity900 (80 mg/m2, day 1)/ @entity2879 (100 mg/m2, days 1, 3, 5) (PE) or @entity900 (80 mg/m2, day 1)/ @entity2879 (100 mg/m2, days 1, 3, 5)/ @entity1260 (2 g/m2, days 1, 2, 3) ( @entity8681 ) combination chemotherapy. After 2 courses of chemotherapy, @entity1 with limited disease (LD) received chest irradiation of 40-50 Gy. Of the 89 @entity1 who could be wholly evaluated, the overall response rate was 78% for PE and 74% for @entity8681 therapy (NS). For all @entity1 the complete response (CR) rates were 14 versus 21%, respectively, and 22 versus 30% for LD. However, the median survival times for all @entity1 were 55 weeks for PE therapy versus 56 weeks for @entity8681 therapy (NS). The 2-year survival rates were 15 and 17%, respectively, for all @entity1 (NS). There was no difference in the duration of response between PE and @entity8681 therapy in cases with CR or partial response. However, severe @entity1431 (< 2,000/mm3) occurred more often after @entity8681 (73%) than after PE (44%) therapy (p < 0.05). These results suggest that @entity8681 is not superior to PE chemotherapy in @entity151 . The use of @entity1260 in multimodality treatment regimens needs to be studied further.

title: A phase III comparison of @entity2879 / @entity900 with or without added @entity1260 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 is the leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity5 in the United States. Advanced @entity43 are difficult to cure with the current available chemotherapy, which has many associated systemic side effects. @entity632 is one such chemotherapeutic agent that can cause @entity1370 . Novel methods of delivering chemotherapy without significant side effects are therefore of critical need. METHODS: In the current study, we generated an irradiated @entity5 cell-based drug delivery system which uses irradiated @entity5 cells loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug, @entity632 . RESULTS: We showed that incubation of @entity19 @entity43 cells (MOSEC) with @entity632 led to the intracellular uptake of the drug (MOSEC-dox cells) and the eventual @entity204 of the @entity5 cell. We then showed that @entity632 loaded MOSEC-dox cells were able to deliver @entity632 to MOSEC cells in vivo. Further characterization of the @entity632 transfer revealed the involvement of cell contact. The irradiated form of the MOSEC-dox cells were capable of treating luciferase-expressing MOSEC @entity5 cells (MOSEC/luc) in C57BL/6 @entity19 as well as in athymic @entity19 resulting in improved survival compared to the non drug-loaded irradiated MOSEC cells. Furthermore, we showed that irradiated MOSEC-dox cells was more effective compared to an equivalent dose of @entity632 in treating MOSEC/luc @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the employment of drug-loaded irradiated @entity5 cells represents a potentially innovative approach for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs for the control of @entity43 .

title: Delivery of chemotherapeutic agents using drug-loaded irradiated @entity5 cells to treat XXXX @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Although randomised controlled comparative trials concerning the efficacy of the drug tested can produce reliable results in a limited number of selected @entity1 groups, drug monitoring studies involving 10,000 @entity1 or more are the methods of choice to detect rare adverse events. The aim of this drug monitoring study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dispersible @entity2852 tablets. 8865 @entity1 (46.2% male, 53.5% female, mean age 55 years, range 14.95) were involved in the investigation carried out by 1172 general practitioners. The disease indications comprised @entity571 (69.8%), soft-tissue @entity627 (11.3%), @entity309 (9.9%) and soft tissue injuries (7.7%). Most of the @entity1 (67.3%) received a daily dose of @entity2852 1 g for up to 6 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated at baseline, and after 1 week, 3 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment. With regard to global efficacy, overall improvement (symptoms resolved or markedly improved) was assessed in 82% of the @entity1 . Elimination or at least significant improvement of @entity158 on movement occurred in 95%, @entity158 on pressure in 90% and @entity158 at rest in 89% of the @entity1 with symptoms. In relation to swelling, @entity7127 and @entity2720 , elimination or at least significant improvement occurred in 79%, 80% and 82% of @entity1 , respectively. 1846 @entity1 (20.8%) had frequent periods of NSAID-related symptoms before treatment with @entity2852 . A total of 1174 adverse events occurred in 850 @entity1 (9.6%), most comprising minor @entity344 . Considering that at least 25,000 @entity1 have been documented in 2 German drug monitoring studies, it is therefore unlikely that any unexpected side effects will occur in the future. Consequently, @entity2852 can be classified as an effective and safe NSAID.

title: German drug monitoring studies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2852 :: (MESH:C035605,Chemical) :: ['nabumetone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of clinical and microbiological investigations available in limited resource settings for an effective diagnosis of @entity281 /abnormal vaginal microbiota among pregnant @entity1 . As an outcome of the study we intended to find the association of various @entity281 during pregnancy with @entity3152 . Pregnant @entity1 presenting for routine antenatal care at an antenatal clinic in south India were enrolled in the study. Each @entity1 underwent clinical and microbiological examinations for the diagnosis of @entity281 such as @entity6981 ( @entity6981 ), @entity363 ( @entity363 ) and trichomoniasis. In addition, Gram's stained high-vaginal smears were evaluated for the presence of partial @entity6981 and @entity365 . Diagnostic accuracies of clinical diagnosis for the aforementioned infections was determined in comparison with gold standard microbiological diagnosis. Proportion of @entity1 with @entity281 were estimated using descriptive statistics and incidence risk ratio for @entity3152 with each form of the infection was estimated using univariate analysis. A total of 790 pregnant @entity1 were recruited in the study. Positive predictive values of clinical diagnosis for @entity6981 , @entity363 in comparison with reference method were 72.7, 33.5 and 37.6% respectively. Partial @entity6981 (3.2%) and @entity365 due to mixed bacterial etiology (9.4%) were per exclusionem diagnosed using the microbiological smear examination. Microbiological diagnosis of @entity6981 and @entity365 were found to have a statistically significant association with @entity3152 . Effective diagnosis of @entity281 /abnormal vaginal microbiota associated with @entity3152 can be achieved by the adjunct of microbiological smear examination of the vaginal smears to the clinical examination in limited resource settings.

title: Screening of XXXX during pregnancy in resource constrained settings: Implications on @entity3152 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis', 'VVC', 'VVC and Trichomoniasis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections', 'vulvovaginal infections']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['BV', 'bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal infections']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 is associated with @entity731 and macrophage-foam cell formation, due in part to a decrease in HDL-mediated @entity165 efflux from macrophages. This study examined the expression of proteins involved in @entity165 transport, i.e. @entity23711 and @entity25694 , under @entity6 conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity23711 expression was similar, whereas @entity25694 expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly increased in @entity19 peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from C57Bl/6 @entity6 @entity19 , compared to MPM from control non- @entity6 @entity19 . Similar results were obtained in vitro in J-774A.1 macrophage-like cell line incubated with high (30 mM) vs. low (5mM) @entity413 concentrations. Accordingly, association and internalization of HDL to MPM from @entity6 @entity19 , or to J-774A.1 macrophages grown under @entity6 conditions was significantly higher compared to control cells. Unexpectedly, however, increased macrophage @entity25694 expression was associated with a substantial reduction in HDL-mediated @entity165 efflux from the macrophages. Moreover, total cellular @entity165 content was increased by 28% in macrophages incubated with HDL under high @entity413 concentrations, compared to low @entity413 concentrations. This effect was abolished by a rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity25694 , which blocks binding to the receptor, or alternatively by using @entity31632 , a specific inhibitor of lipid transport via the @entity25694 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 stimulates the expression of @entity25694 in macrophages and leads to a shift in its activity from HDL-mediated @entity165 efflux to HDL-mediated @entity165 influx. These effects may lead to increased foam cell formation and @entity731 development.

title: High @entity413 stimulates macrophage @entity25694 expression and induces a switch in its activity from @entity165 efflux to XXXX influx.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Candidiasis is a relevant problem in oral medicine practice. We compared the antimycotic activity of @entity8701 with a solution of @entity22598 associated to @entity3785 (SISA) in the topical management of @entity102 . Consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity102 were randomly allocated to SISA (group A) or @entity8701 (group B). VAS and swab scores were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the study while the healing index was evaluated at the end of the study only. Data were analyzed by STATA 10 MP. Forty @entity1 (20 male, 20 female) were randomized. SIAS was as effective as @entity8701 in affecting VAS (p greater than 0.05) and swab score (p greater than 0.05). A statistically significant reduction (p less than 0.05) of healing index was observed in both groups. No side effects were reported. SISA topical application, shows a comparable efficacy to the @entity8701 in the management of chronic @entity5253 . Its use could represent an adequate alternative to the @entity8701 above all in the cases of drug-resistance. Further large scale randomized trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.

title: @entity22598 associated to @entity3785 in the topical management of chronic XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22598 :: ('MESH:D012974', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iodide']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity5253 :: (MESH:D002180,Disease) :: ['oral candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Pulsed radiofrequency on @entity1 presenting with complaints of @entity1118 . METHODS: It was a retrospective cross sectional study which included @entity1 with @entity1118 who did not respond to conventional treatment.The study was conducted at the @entity158 Management Centre, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, @entity233 from October 2008 to September 2010. The applications of Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) were made under the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy, local anaesthesia, and sedoanalgesia. The intervention types applied consisted of @entity1930 and impar ganglion Pulsed radiofrequency. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used for @entity158 assessment.Sacroiliac intraarticular PRF was applied to nine @entity1 , impar ganglion PRF to eight @entity1 , heel PRF to four @entity1 and sciatic nerve PRF was applied to three @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 41.3 +/- 16.9 (range 15-77) years, 15 (62.5%) were females. The mean follow-up period was 8.5 +/- 5.4 months. A minimum 50% decrease was determined in the VAS scores of 16 (66.7%) @entity1 compared to the initial values. The @entity1 who had > or = 50% decrease in their VAS scores in the sacroiliac group was 55.6. This value was 75.0, 75.0 and 66.7 in the impar, heel and sciatic nerve groups respectively. No early- or late-term complications were observed in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: P Pulsed Radiofrequency implementation was found to be an effective and safe method for @entity1118 treatment in our centre.

title: Would pulsed radiofrequency applied to different anatomical regions have effective results for XXXX treatment?

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac intraarticular, heel, sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1146 with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with significant institutional variation in therapeutic strategies. This study reports a single center experience utilizing an intensive transcatheter approach to promote @entity851 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 20 @entity1 undergoing surgical and transcatheter treatment for @entity1146 with @entity1757 between 2002 and 2010. RESULTS: The median age at initial surgical palliation was 6.3 months (8 days to 2.5 years). Eleven @entity1 (group 1) underwent initial surgical palliation without @entity1757 closure and nine @entity1 (group 2) underwent an initial complete repair with fenestrated or complete @entity1757 closure. Group 1 had a smaller Nakata index (54 mm2/m2 vs. 134 mm2/m2 , P = .04) and a smaller absolute native pulmonary artery diameter (2.7 mm vs. 4.5 mm, P = .01) than group 2. Intraoperative angiography was performed in 10 cases to evaluate if early transcatheter intervention was warranted. The median follow-up during the study period was 2.3 years (1.6 months to 8.3 years). Of the 16 @entity1 who survived the initial early postoperative period, 15 @entity1 (94%) went on to receive surgical (n = 11) and/or interventional (n = 25) catheterization procedures. There was improvement in the mean Nakata index from the initial presurgical evaluation to the most recent catheterization data (38.4 mm2/m2 vs. 169.7 mm2/m2, P  <= .05). To date, two of 11 (18%) @entity1 in group 1 ultimately underwent surgical @entity1757 closure. Overall mortality was six of 20 (30%) with four deaths in group 1 and two deaths in group 2. There were no procedural deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Combining surgical unifocalization procedures with subsequent early and intensive catheter-based pulmonary artery rehabilitation may improve vascular growth, ultimately rendering many @entity1 suitable for fenestrated @entity1757 closure. Risk stratification, including intraoperative exit angiography, is essential to determine the need for early transcatheter interventions.

title: @entity1146 with XXXX and multifocal pulmonary blood supply: does an intensive interventional approach improve the outcome?

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'Pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular growth']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: RATIONAL: The annual Hajj experience has direct relevance for other jurisdictions planning rapid deployment strategies for intensive care for large groups during expected or emergent events. OBJECTIVE: Approximately 2-3 million Muslims from over 160 countries travel to Saudi Arabia each year for Hajj. These pilgrims are typically older adults with a spectrum of comorbid conditions and of various ethnicities. This, coupled with a 2-wk period of physical migration in close contact with others, can lead to acute and @entity3124 from a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes and a requirement for full-scale but temporary intensive care to a large population. We describe @entity1 characteristics, patterns of disease, and @entity3124 , including episodes of @entity683 2009 (H1N1), therapies delivered, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 110 critically ill @entity1 in four hospitals during the 2009 ("1431": November 18 to December 4) Hajj in Saudi Arabia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Median (interquartile range) age was 60.5 (51.3-70) yrs, 69 (62.7%) were male, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV score was 60.5 (47-78.3). Forty-one @entity1 (37.3%) were critically ill due to @entity65 (23.6% with @entity583 ); 51 (46.4%) had severe @entity281 (21.8% with H1N1); electrolyte disturbance (21.8%); or @entity358 (15.5%). Sixty @entity1 (54.6%) required ventilation. Median predicted mortality by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV was 14% while actual short-term mortality was 6.4% (p = .009). Longer-term mortality may be higher. CONCLUSION: Both event-specific conditions and @entity1 -specific comorbid conditions are common causes of @entity3124 during large gatherings. With the ability to provide temporary but full-service intensive care, morbidity and mortality due to @entity3124 can be low, even among an older @entity1 population and difficult care conditions.

title: The epidemiology of Hajj-related XXXX : lessons for deployment of temporary critical care services*.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary illness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: The aims of retrospective cohort study were: analysis of general and local factors, evaluation of clinical and radiographic results and presentation of authors' experience in @entity572 in @entity309 . Study group consists of 222 consecutive total hip arthroplasties (205 cemented and 17 cementless) made in 216 @entity1 . Mean @entity1 ' age was 58.4 y.o (range: 34-77 y.o.). In study group were 192 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 . Mean preoperative function was poor: 28.4 points (range: 24-32 p.). Clinical evaluation was made with Harris hip score, and radiographic one with criteria of Joined Committee of Hip Society, AAOS and SICOT. Clinical results of the study group were as follow: excellent--53 (23.9%), good--128 (57.6%), fair--34 (15.3%) and poor--7 (3.2%). Mean postoperative function was good: 86.8 points (range: 28-94 p.). There were following radiographic results of study group: good--176 (79.3%), fair--28 (12.6%) and poor--18 (8.1%). Complications another than @entity1349 were observed in 56 (25.2%) hips. CONCLUSIONS: 1) general and local factors make @entity572 in @entity309 more difficult procedure than the same one in @entity571 , 2) log-term survival rate of hip replacement in @entity309 mainly depends on proper bone stock reconstruction, 3) 80-85% of excellent and good clinical and radiographic results are achieved at 12-year follow-up, 4) incidence of @entity260 are similar to @entity571 population, 5) preoperative autologous blood donation does not decrease demand of postoperative blood transfusion.

title: [Total hip arthroplasty in XXXX : results of 12-years follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Chronic aircraft noise exposure in @entity1 is associated with impairment of reading and long-term memory. Most studies have not differentiated between day or nighttime noise exposure. It has been hypothesized that @entity25 might mediate the association of aircraft noise exposure and @entity73 in @entity1 . This study involves secondary analysis of data from the Munich Study and the UK Road Traffic and Aircraft Noise Exposure and @entity1 's Cognition and Health (RANCH) Study sample to test this. In the Munich study, 330 @entity1 were assessed on cognitive measures in three measurement waves a year apart, before and after the switchover of airports. Self-reports of @entity25 were analyzed across airports, aircraft noise exposure and measurement wave to test whether changes in nighttime noise exposure had any effect on reported @entity25 , and whether this showed the same pattern as for changes in cognitive performance. For the UK sample of the RANCH study, night noise contour information was linked to the @entity1 's home and related to @entity25 and cognitive performance. In the Munich study, analysis of @entity25 questions showed no consistent interactions between airport, noise, and measurement wave, suggesting that poor @entity25 does not mediate the association between noise exposure and cognition. Daytime and nighttime aircraft noise exposure was highly correlated in the RANCH study. Although night noise exposure was significantly associated with impaired reading and recognition memory, once home night noise exposure was centered on daytime school noise exposure, night noise had no additional effect to daytime noise exposure. These analyses took advantage of secondary data available from two studies of aircraft noise and cognition. They were not initially designed to examine @entity25 and cognition, and thus, there are methodological limitations which make it less than ideal in giving definitive answers to these questions. In conclusion, results from both studies suggest that night aircraft noise exposure does not appear to add any cognitive performance decrement to the cognitive decrement induced by daytime aircraft noise alone. We suggest that the school should be the main focus of attention for protection of @entity1 against the effects of aircraft noise on school performance.

title: Night time aircraft noise exposure and XXXX 's cognitive performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity358 ( @entity358 ), presenting as @entity4154 ( @entity5924 ) or restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) is the major limiting factor of long-term survival in lung transplantation. Its pathogenesis is still obscure. In @entity5924 , persistent @entity130 and chronic airway inflammation are suggested. One of the main tasks of the lymphatic vessel (LV) system is the promotion of immune cell trafficking. The formation of new LVs has been shown to trigger chronic allograft rejection in kidney transplants. We therefore sought to address the role of lymphangiogenesis in @entity358 . METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 22 @entity1 receiving a lung retransplantation due to @entity5924 or RAS were collected. Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was determined by immunohistochemical staining for podoplanin. Lung tissue obtained from 13 non- @entity358 @entity1 served as control. The impact of LVD on graft survival was assessed. RESULTS: Lymphatic vessel density in @entity358 @entity1 did not differ from those in control subjects (median number of LVs per bronchiole: 4.75 ( @entity5924 ), 6.47 (RAS), 4.25 (control), P = 0.97). Moreover, the number of LVs was not associated with regions of cellular infiltrates (median number of LVs per @entity5924 ( @entity5924 ), 9.00 (RAS), 4.00 (control), P = 0.62; without infiltrates, 4.5 ( @entity5924 ), 0.00 (RAS), 4.56 (control), P = 0.74). Lymphatic vessel density did not impact the time to development of @entity5924 or RAS in lung transplantation (low vs high LVD: 38.5 vs 86.0 months, P = 0.15 [ @entity5924 ]; 60.5 vs 69.5 months, P = 0.80 [RAS]). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike chronic organ failure in kidney transplantation, lymphangiogenesis is not altered in @entity358 @entity1 . Our findings highlight unique immunological processes leading to @entity5924 and RAS.

title: The Lymphatic Phenotype of Lung Allografts in XXXX With @entity4154 and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiole: with infiltrates, 5.00', 'BOS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['CLAD', 'Chronic lung allograft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['alloimmune injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This study deals with the correlation between the polymerizing bone cement and the surrounding tissue. The surface structures of bone cements, polymerized in air, in tissue medium (in vitro) and in @entity1 bone during implantation were investigated and compared with the contours of the tissue of the implant bed. Basing on the dimensional differences it was differentiated between contours of 1st order and 2nd order: contours of 1st order are within the macroscopic range, contours of 2nd order within the microscopic range. The surface of bone cement polymerized in living @entity1 tissue differed essentially from samples polymerized under laboratory conditions. The differences are to be seen macroscopically in the coarse relief as well as microscopically in the shape and the connection of the superficial @entity3677 beads. Bone cements, polymerized in air show an ideal, even and closed surface. Bone cements, polymerized in tissue medium exhibit macroscopically some wrinkles, in the microscopic range their contours are either closed (samples prepolymerized at 22 degrees C) or partly open and partly closed (samples prepolymerized at 24 degrees C). The surface of bone cement implants, retrieved from @entity1 bones are characterized macroscopically by a marked wrinkled and papillary relief, microscopically by flattened beads, and most often by an irregular, rough and open surface with isolated beads giving almost the impression of a porous surface structure. The character of the surface of the bone cement originates from external, mechanical influences, from changes in the volume of the bone cement and from effects of the surrounding tissues. The surface of the bone cement implanted in @entity1 bone conforms exactly with the contour of the adjacent tissue; the tissue contour is infact a negative of the cement surface. The incomplete connection between the superficial @entity4625 beads seems to be of some practical value: In areas, where the @entity4625 beads are largely isolated, the mechanical stressability of the "polymer composite" is relatively low. Under high load, beads and bead-clusters may break off the surface. Shattering of bone cement implants possibly may start from such an open, porous surface area where @entity4625 beads are extensive isolated.

title: The morphology of XXXX ( @entity4625 ) bone cement: surface structures and causes of their origin.

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethacrylate']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']


abstract: Seventeen cases of @entity2033 have been studied on a clinical and anatomopathological basis. Fourteen genealogical trees have been established. Clinically, involuntary movements of choreic type and an impairment of higher brain functions are constant symptoms. @entity426 , @entity4653 and a tendinous @entity427 are usual (present in 95, 95 and 80% of cases). @entity448 , @entity8814 and @entity1282 are also frequent (present in 75, 60 and 50% of cases). The neuropathological examination shows macroscopically a neostriatal @entity194 in 90% of cases and a cerebral @entity194 in 75%. Microscopically, a neuronal loss--mainly in small cells (Golgi II)--is evident in the neostriatum of all the cases. The pallidum is also affected, but to a lesser degree. A cortical cell loss is present in 90% of the cases, mainly in layers III, IV, V and sometimes also in layer VI of frontal and parietal lobes. In 75% of the cases, a cortical @entity5219 is noticed, mostly at the level of the frontal pole.

title: [ XXXX . Anatomoclinical and genetic study of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's chorea"]

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['muscular hypotony']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['Gait disorders']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington chorea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Giant @entity977 (> 4 centimeters, GPA) remains challenging because the optimal surgical approach is uncertain. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with GPA who underwent endoscopic trans-nasal trans-sphenoidal surgery (ETTS) as the first and primary treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were @entity5 diameter >= 4 cm in at least one direction, and @entity5 volume >= 10 cm(3). Exclusion criteria were follow-ups <2 years and pathologies other than @entity977 . All the clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 , averaged 50.8 years, were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 72.9 months. All @entity1 underwent ETTS as the first and primary treatment, and 8(21.1%) had complete resection without any evidence of recurrence at the latest follow up. Overall, mean @entity5 volume decreased from 29.7 to 3.2 cm(3) after surgery. Residual and recurrent @entity5 (n=30) were managed with one of the following: gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS), re-operation (redo ETTS), both GKRS and ETTS, medication, conventional radiotherapy, or neither. At last follow up, majority of the @entity1 had favorable outcomes, including 8(21.1%) were cured and 29(76.3%) had stable residual without progression. Only one (2.6%) had late recurrence at post-GKRS 66 months. The overall progression-free rate was 97.4% with few complications. CONCLUSION: In this series of GPA, primary (i.e. the first) ETTS yielded complete resection and cure in 21.1%. Along with adjuvant therapies, including GKRS and others, most (97.4%) of them were stable and free of disease progression. Therefore, primary ETTS appeared to be an effective surgical approach for GPA.

title: Primary Endoscopic Trans-nasal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery for Giant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Adenoma']


abstract: The hemibiotrophic basidiomycete @entity23130 causes "witches' @entity66 " in @entity6353 ( @entity6353 ). During @entity281 , @entity23130 changes from mono to dikaryotic life form, an event which could be triggered by changes in plant nutritional offer and plant defense molecules, i.e., from high to low content of @entity653 and @entity273 . We have recently shown that in vitro @entity653 induces oxidative stress resistance in dikaryotic @entity23130 . In order to understand under which conditions in parasite-plant interaction @entity23130 changes from intercellular monokaryotic to intracellular dikaryotic growth phase we studied the role of @entity653 on mutagen-induced oxidative stress resistance of basidiospores and monokaryotic hyphae; we also studied the role of @entity274 as a signaling molecule for in vitro dikaryotization and whether changes in nutritional offer by the plant could be compensated by inducible fungal autophagy. Mono-/dikaryotic @entity653 or @entity413 -grown cells and basidiospores were exposed to the oxidative stress-inducing mutagens @entity274 and @entity6453 as well as to pre-dominantly DNA damaging @entity1978 and UVC irradiation. Basidiospores showed highest resistance to all treatments and @entity653 -grown monokaryotic hyphae were more resistant than dikaryotic hyphae. Monokaryotic cells exposed to 1microM of @entity274 in @entity653 -media induced formation of clamp connections within 2 days while 1mM @entity274 did not within a week in the same medium; no clamp connections were formed in @entity274 -containing @entity413 media within a week. Lower concentrations of @entity274 and @entity653 , when occurring in parallel, are shown to be two signals for dikaryotization in vitro and may be also during the course of @entity281 . Q-PCR studies of @entity653 -grown dikaryotic cells exposed to oxidative stress (10mM @entity274 ) showed high expression of MpSOD2 and transient induction of ABC cytoplasmic membrane transporter gene MpYOR1 and autophagy-related gene MpATG8. Expression of a second ABC transporter gene MpSNQ2 was 14-fold induced after @entity274 exposure in @entity413 as compared to @entity653 -grown hyphae while MpYOR1 did not show strong variation of expression under similar conditions. @entity413 -grown dikaryotic cells showed elevated expression of MpATG8, especially after exposure to @entity274 and @entity1978 . During different stages preceding basidiocarp formation MpATG8 and the two catalase-encoding genes MpCTA1 and MpCTT1 were expressed continuously. We have compiled our results and literature data in a model graph, which compares the in vitro and in planta development and differentiation of @entity23130 with the help of physiological and morphological landmarks.

title: Reactive oxygen species and autophagy play a role in survival and differentiation of the phytopathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['broom disease']

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['plant infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity23130 :: ('153609', 'Species') :: ['M. perniciosa', 'Moniliophthora perniciosa']

entities_list: @entity6353 :: ('3641', 'Species') :: ['Theobroma cacao', 'cacao']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity23130 :: (153609,Species) :: ['Moniliophthora perniciosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and -D play an important role in lymphangiogenesis, and the expressions of these factors are related to lymphatic invasion and lymph node @entity3 in various @entity5 . The present study investigates the expression of @entity27484 in early @entity356 and analyzes its relationship to lymph node @entity3944 determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: We examined 1,828 lymph nodes obtained from 80 @entity1 with node-negative early @entity356 . All dissected lymph nodes were examined by RT-PCR for @entity787 mRNA in addition to @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. The resected primary specimens were immunostained using anti- @entity27484 polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The incidence of lymph node @entity3944 determined by RT-PCR was 23.8% (19/80). The high expression of @entity27484 was found in 27.5% (22/80) and in 21.3% (17/80), respectively. The expression of @entity27484 was closely related to lymph node @entity3944 (P = 0.0390 and 0.0213, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a close relationship between @entity3944 and @entity9961 and -D expression of the @entity5 . Thus, levels of @entity27484 expression might be useful for predicting @entity3944 in @entity1 with early @entity356 .

title: @entity9961 expression correlates with lymph node @entity3944 in pN0 early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['micrometastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Significant socio-economic disparities have been reported in survival from @entity14 in a number of countries, which remain largely unexplained. We assessed whether possible differences in access to treatment among socio-economic groups may contribute to those disparities, using a population-based approach. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 71 917 records of @entity14 @entity1 , diagnosed between 1997 and 2000, linked to area-level socio-economic information (Townsend index), from three @entity5 registries in UK. Access to treatment was measured as a function of delay in receipt of treatment. We assessed socio-economic differences in access through logistic regression models. Based on relative survival < or =3 years after diagnosis, we estimated excess hazard ratios (EHRs) of @entity204 for different socio-economic groups. RESULTS: Compared with more affluent @entity1 , deprived @entity1 had poorer survival [EHR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.25], were less likely to receive any treatment within 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92] and, if treated, were more likely to receive late treatment. No disparities in survival were detected among @entity1 receiving treatment within 1 month from diagnosis. Disparities existed among @entity1 receiving later or no treatment (EHR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.22-1.39), and persisted after adjustment for age and stage at diagnosis (EHR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.08-1.24). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 stage helped explain socio-economic disparities in @entity14 survival. Disparities were also greatly attenuated among @entity1 receiving early treatment. Aspects other than those captured by our measure of access, such as quality of care and @entity1 preferences in relation to treatment, might contribute to a fuller explanation.

title: Socio-economic disparities in access to treatment and their impact on XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the incremental value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in addition to T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for predicting locally recurrent @entity263 in @entity1 with biochemical failure after radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 with an increased prostate-specific antigen level after radiation therapy underwent 3T MRI followed by transrectal biopsy. The MRI findings and biopsy results were correlated in sextant prostate sectors of peripheral zones (PZs). Two radiologists in consensus reviewed T2WI and combined T2WI and DWI with ADC maps, and rated the likelihood of @entity5 on a five-point scale. ADC values were calculated for @entity5 and benign tissue. RESULTS: Of 216 sectors, 65 prostate sectors (30%) were positive for @entity5 in 18 @entity1 . For predicting @entity5 , combined T2WI and DWI showed a greater sensitivity compared to T2WI (P < 0.001). A significantly greater area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (Az) was determined for combined T2WI and DWI (Az = 0.879, P < 0.01) as compared to T2WI (Az = 0.612). Mean ADC values between @entity5 and benign tissue showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: For predicting locally recurrent @entity263 after radiation therapy, the use of combined T2WI and DWI showed a better diagnostic performance compared to T2WI.

title: Prediction of locally recurrent XXXX after radiation therapy: incremental value of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The essential static patellar stabilizer is a normal-shaped trochlear groove. A @entity6349 groove destabilizes the patella. Trochleoplasty approaches this underlying condition and reshapes the trochlea. However, studies have reported on trochleoplasty for revision cases or as accompanied by other interventions. The effect of trochleoplasty alone remains unexplained. PURPOSE: To introduce trochleoplasty as a stand-alone treatment for recurrent @entity8043 and to compare its pre- to postoperative functional and clinical variables. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A trochleoplasty was performed in 50 knees (27 right) in 44 @entity1 (30 females; mean    SD age, 15.6    2.0 years). The indication for surgery was recurrent @entity8043 not responding to nonoperative treatment (>6 months), with types B through D @entity1141 and closed or closing physes in adolescents aged 10 to 20 years. Assessment included J-sign and apprehension test, Kujala and Lysholm scores, @entity1 ' subjective assessment and activity level according to the International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire, and @entity1 ' overall satisfaction. The Caton-Deschamps ratio and the lateral condyle index were measured. Pre- versus postoperative values were compared with a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The minimum follow-up was 24 months (33    10.6 months). RESULTS: The Kujala score improved from 71 preoperatively to 92 postoperatively (P < .001) and the Lysholm score from 71 to 95 (P < .001). @entity1 ' subjective assessment improved at the final follow-up as compared with that preoperatively (P < .001). Most @entity1 enhanced their activity (P < .001), and their overall satisfaction increased postoperatively (P < .001). Preoperatively, there was a positive J-sign in 45 knees and a positive apprehension test in 41 knees. Both markers disappeared postoperatively in 39 and 33 knees, respectively, leaving 6 knees with a positive J-sign and 8 knees with a positive apprehension test (P < .001). One patella redislocated postoperatively after 38 months. Four @entity1 required a single arthroscopic debridement. CONCLUSION: In this study, trochleoplasty as a solitary treatment for recurrent @entity4518 in @entity1 with @entity6125 resulted in good clinical outcomes if severe torsional and @entity893 was excluded. Kujala and Lysholm scores increased postoperatively, as well as subjective International Knee Documentation Committee assessment of outcomes, activity level, and overall satisfaction.

title: Trochleoplasty as a Solitary Treatment for Recurrent XXXX Results in Good Clinical Outcome in Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['axial malalignment']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral dislocations']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['Patellar Dislocation']


abstract: Protein @entity21646 ( @entity21646 ) is a major @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase and accounts for more than 50% @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase activity in eukaryotes. The holoenzyme of @entity21646 consists of the scaffold A subunit, the catalytic C subunit and the regulatory B subunit. The scaffold subunits, PP2A-A alpha/beta, provide a platform for both C and B subunits to bind, thus playing a crucial role in providing specific @entity21646 activity. Mutation of the two genes encoding PP2A-A alpha/beta leads to @entity105 and likely other @entity1 diseases. Regulation of these genes by various factors, both extracellular and intracellular, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have conducted functional dissection of the promoter of the @entity19 PP2A-A alpha gene. Our results demonstrate that the proximal promoter of the @entity19 PP2A-A alpha gene contains numerous cis-elements for the binding of @entity15983 , @entity10138 , @entity25525 , @entity10591 besides the putative TFIIB binding site (BRE) and the downstream promoter element (DPE). Gel mobility shifting assays revealed that @entity15983 , @entity10138 , @entity25525 , and @entity10591 all bind to PP2A-A alpha gene promoter. In vitro mutagenesis and reporter gene activity assays reveal that while @entity10591 displays negative regulation, @entity15983 , @entity10138 and @entity25525 alpha all positively regulate the promoter of the PP2A-A alpha gene. ChIP assays further confirm that all the above transcription factors participate the regulation of PP2A-A alpha gene promoter. Together, our results reveal that multiple transcription factors regulate the PP2A-A alpha gene.

title: Transcriptional regulation of PP2A-A alpha is mediated by multiple factors including XXXX , @entity15983 , @entity10138 , and @entity10591 .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity25525 :: (21418(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AP-2alpha']


abstract: There is a range of pharmacological options available to the rheumatologist for treating @entity625 . Non-selective NSAIDs or @entity2247 selective inhibitors are widely prescribed to reduce @entity32 and alleviate @entity158 ; however, they must be used with caution in individuals with an @entity65 . The potential cardiovascular risks of @entity2247 selective inhibitors came to light over a decade ago. The conflicting nature of the study data reflects some context dependency, but the evidence shows a varying degree of @entity65 with both @entity2247 selective inhibitors and non-selective NSAIDs. This risk appears to be dose dependent, which may have important ramifications for @entity625 @entity1 who require long-term treatment with high doses of anti-inflammatory drugs. The renal effects of non-selective NSAIDs have been well characterized. An increased risk of adverse renal events was found with @entity13586 but not @entity12698 , suggesting that this is not a class effect of @entity2247 selective inhibitors. Upper GI effects of non-selective NSAID treatment, ranging from @entity490 to @entity1066 and @entity548 are extensively documented. Concomitant prescription of a proton pump inhibitor can help in the upper GI tract, but probably not in the lower. Evidence suggests that @entity2247 selective inhibitors are better tolerated in the entire GI tract. More evidence is required, and a composite end-point is being evaluated. Appropriate treatment strategies are needed depending on the level of upper and lower GI risk. Rheumatologists must be vigilant in assessing benefit-risk when prescribing a @entity2247 selective inhibitor or non-selective NSAID and should choose appropriate agents for each individual @entity1 .

title: XXXX benefit-risk in @entity625 --a rheumatologist's perspective.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'increased cardiovascular, renal or gastrointestinal (GI) risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and @entity5100 receptors have previously been demonstrated on membranes prepared from @entity1 @entity10759 . @entity442 has been shown to have a variable effect on GH secretion by these @entity5 in vitro. The effects of purified @entity5100 on GH secretion have not been described. We have studied the direct actions of @entity1 recombinant @entity5100 on GH release from eight @entity10759 cultured in vitro. @entity10759 cells were cultured as monolayers at a density of 10(5) cells/0.5 ml. Treatment with @entity5100 for 4 and 24 h resulted in discrete inhibitory effects on GH release from two @entity5 ( @entity5 5: 4 h, @entity5100 0.5 nmol/l; @entity5 2; 24 h, @entity5100 1 nmol/l). Treatment with @entity5100 for 24 h resulted in significant inhibitory effects on GH release from one @entity5 over a range of concentrations tested ( @entity5100 0.5-10 nmol/l). Addition of @entity1 GH-releasing factor (hGRF) (1-44) (20 nmol/l) for 4 and 24 h resulted in stimulation of GH release by five @entity5 . Two @entity5 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects of @entity5100 on GRF-stimulated GH release ( @entity5 2: 24 h, @entity5100 1-5 nmol/l; @entity5 3; 4 h, @entity5100 5 nmol/l; 24 h, @entity5100 0.5-50 nmol/l). These data emphasize the heterogeneity of @entity10759 in terms of their response to modulators of GH secretion. @entity5100 does not appear to have a modulatory role on GH release by most @entity10759 .

title: Effects of insulin-like growth factor-II on growth hormone release from XXXX @entity10759 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophinomas', 'Somatotrophinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Farnsworth's standard D15 and L'Anthony's desaturated D15 panel tests were administered to 99 congenital red-green color defective subjects. The results were analyzed in three ways: (1) by summing the color differences between adjacent caps according to Bowman, (2) by averaging color difference vectors ( @entity31338 ) according to Vingrys and King-Smith, and (3) by visually inspecting and counting the crossings. The Bowman measure was highly correlated with one of the @entity31338 measures but provides less information regarding a cap arrangement. The desaturated D15 test can be expected to misclassify 5% of dichromats by type (protan/deutan) compared to a type misclassification rate of less than 0.1% for the D15 panel test. The correct diagnostic rates for type were 45% for the standard D15 test and 58% for the desaturated D15 test. However, the improvement in correct diagnostic rate for the latter test was accompanied by an increase in the misdiagnostic rate from 2 to 10%. The main value of the desaturated D15 test in congenital color vision diagnosis would seem to be in providing classification of those subjects who pass the standard D15 test. Quantitative scoring of the tests provides a good estimate of severity of defect. @entity227 provides a similar diagnostic rate to @entity31338 analysis, but has a lower type misdiagnostic rate at the desaturated D15 test and is more likely to be correct when the two methods disagree. We suggest that quantitative scoring techniques are of limited benefit for the clinical diagnosis of @entity3641 but that they are of use in clinical trials or for the monitoring of changes in color vision over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative scoring methods for D15 panel tests in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['congenital color vision defects']

answer: @entity3641 :: (MESH:D003117,Disease) :: ['congenital color vision deficiencies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of end-stage @entity2530 of the femoral head remains a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Historically, total hip arthroplasty for this condition has been associated with poor rates of survival and function when compared with total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of @entity571 . The purpose of this study was to determine the medium-term clinical and radiographic results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty in @entity1 with end-stage @entity2530 of the femoral head. METHODS: From June 1994 to March 2004, a consecutive single-surgeon series of seventy-three hip resurfacing procedures were performed in sixty @entity1 for the treatment of end-stage @entity2530 of the femoral head. The cohort included forty-two @entity1 (ten of whom had a bilateral resurfacing) and eighteen @entity1 (three of whom had a bilateral resurfacing). The mean age was forty-three years (range, seventeen to sixty-nine years). A clinical and radiographic review was performed. RESULTS: There were four revision operations and one planned revision of the seventy-three hips during the follow-up period. Two of these revisions were necessitated by aseptic failure of the femoral component. This represents an overall survival rate of 93.2% at a mean of 6.1 years of follow-up (range, two to twelve years). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this study, metal-on-metal resurfacing of the hip for @entity2530 can be considered a safe and effective form of surgery for this group of @entity1 . Longer-term follow-up is required to confirm the expected continued success of this form of arthroplasty in this difficult-to-treat population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study compares the short-term results of the laparoscopic and open approach for the surgical treatment of @entity5 . Consecutive cases with @entity5 operated upon with laparoscopy from 2004 to 2007 were compared to open @entity5 cases. @entity348 ( @entity348 ) was attempted in all cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-two cases were included in the OPEN and 45 in the @entity3813 group and were matched for age, gender, disease stage and operation type. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: Duration of surgery was longer and blood transfusion requirements were less in the @entity3813 group. Higher @entity190 was observed in @entity1 with neoadjuvant treatment in both groups. @entity1 with neoadjuvant treatment in the OPEN group had higher operation time, but that was not the case in the @entity3813 group. There were three conversions (7%). RESULTS: Overall morbidity was higher in the OPEN group. @entity3813 group @entity1 were found to recover faster. R0 resection was achieved in 88% in the OPEN and 94% in the @entity3813 group. DISCUSSION: Less morbidity and faster recovery is offered after laparoscopic @entity348 . Quality of surgery assessed by histopathology is similar between the approaches. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation seems to have significant impact on @entity190 but results in longer operation times of the OPEN group.

title: Laparoscopic or open surgery for the XXXX of the middle and lower rectum short-term outcomes of a comparative non-randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'Total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']