abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional preparations of the root of Biebersteinia multifida DC (Geraniaceae), a native medicinal plant of Irano-Turanian floristic region, have been used for the treatment of @entity913 as anxiolytic herbal preparation. METHODS: We utilized the phobic behavior of @entity19 in an elevated plus-maze as a model to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of the plant extract and bio-guided fractionation was applied to isolate the active compounds. Total root extract, alkaline and @entity4543 fraction were administered to @entity19 at different doses 30 and 90  min prior to the maze test. Saline and @entity3175 were administered as negative and positive controls, respectively. The time spent in open and closed arms, an index of @entity146 and entry time, was measured as an index of animal activity. RESULTS: The total root extract exhibited anxiolytic effect which was comparable to @entity3175 but with longer duration. This sustained effect of the crude extract was sustained for 90  min and was even more after injection of 45  mg/kg while the effect of @entity3175 had been reduced by 90  min. The anxiolytic effect factor was only present in the alkaline fraction and displayed its effect at lower doses than @entity3175 while pure @entity48012 as the previously known alkaloid did not shown anxiolytic effect. The effect of the alkaline fraction was in a dose dependent manner starting at 0.2  mg/kg with a maximum at 1.0  mg/kg. Bio-guided fractionation using a variety of chromatographic methods led to isolation and purification of three @entity1524 derivatives from the bioactive fraction, including @entity17407 , @entity42361 , and @entity28233 . CONCLUSION: For the first time, bio-guided fractionation of the root extract of B. multifida indicates significant sustained anxiolytic effects which led to isolation of three @entity1524 derivatives with well-known potent MAO inhibitory and anti- @entity148 effects. These data contribute to evidence-based traditional use of B. multifida root for @entity148 .

title: XXXX compounds of Biebersteinia multifida roots show potential anxiolytic effects in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety behavior']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity17407 :: ('MESH:C031477', 'Chemical') :: ['umbelliferone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity48012 :: ('MESH:C052548', 'Chemical') :: ['vasicinone']

entities_list: @entity42361 :: ('MESH:D012603', 'Chemical') :: ['scopoletin']

answer: @entity1524 :: (MESH:C030123,Chemical) :: ['Coumarin']


abstract: Since @entity460 plays a modulatory role in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), in these studies, we have tested the hypothesis that @entity2741 may alter renal SNS activity, and, consequently, renal function. Acute @entity2741 was induced in @entity35 by infusion of @entity460 30 mg/kg/2 h in 0.45% saline. A control group of @entity35 received only 0.45% saline. Two more groups of @entity35 received either @entity460 or 0.45% saline 7-10 days after total renal denervation. @entity460 infusion increased serum @entity460 by 1.8 +/- 0.23 mg/dl in @entity35 with intact renal nerves and by 2.7 +/- 0.48 mg/dl in renal denervated @entity35 . Mean arterial pressure and inulin clearance did not change during @entity460 or 0.45% saline in @entity35 with intact renal nerves. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) decreased by 44% in @entity35 infused with @entity460 , but it did not change in control animals. @entity460 caused a significantly greater rise in urine volume, @entity1372 excretion and fractional excretion of @entity1372 than the infusion of 0.45% saline. @entity35 with renal denervation manifested greater baseline urine volume, @entity1372 excretion and fractional excretion of @entity1372 than @entity35 with intact renal nerves. Infusion of @entity460 , however, caused no further rise in urine @entity1372 excretion in these animals. @entity8490 , an inhibitor of @entity1063 (NE) synthesis, also increased natriuresis in @entity35 . @entity460 reduced by 27% the NE content in the kidney but not in the heart. @entity8490 , on the other hand, reduced NE content in both the heart and the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on renal sympathetic nervous system activity.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Methyltyrosine', 'Methyltyrosine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study determined the amplitude and rate of adaptation to 10 wk of continuous (CEx) and intermittent exercise (IEx) in a group of older @entity1 when the training intensity and total amount of work completed by each exercise group were the same. METHODS: Ten healthy @entity1 were assigned to either a CEx (63 +/- 1 yr) or IEx (65 +/- 1 yr) group while a further five subjects (65 +/- 1 yr) acted as nonexercising controls (CON). The three groups (CEx, IEx, and CON) were matched for age, peak @entity26 uptake (VO2peak), and cardiac output (Qpeak) before commencing training. The CEx group trained for 30 min at an intensity corresponding to 70-75% VO2peak, and the IEx group trained for a total exercise time of 30 min using intermittent exercise (60-s exercise, 60-s rest) at the same absolute intensity as the CEx group (CEx 112 +/- 5W; IEx 112 +/- 5W). The exercise groups trained three times per week and completed a similar amount of work during each training session (CEx, 199 +/- 9 kJ; IEx 195 +/- 9 kJ, P = 0.67). RESULTS: The CEx and IEx groups had similar and significant amplitude increases in peak VO2, ventilation (VEpeak), power, Q, and SV after training. Peak VO2, Qpeak, SVpeak, and peak arteriovenous O2 difference for the CON group were unchanged. The change in VO2peak, peak ventilation, and peak power for CEx and IEx groups were best described by a linear model. Moreover, the CEx and IEx groups had the same rate of change in VO2peak (CEx: 0.02 +/- 0.00 L x @entity1009 ) x wk(-1), IEx: 0.02 +/- 0.00 L x @entity1009 ) x wk(-1), P = 0.32), VEpeak (CEx: 2.0 +/- 0.2 L x @entity1009 ) x wk(-1), IEx: 1.2 +/- 0.5 L x @entity1009 ) x wk(-1), P = 0.10), and peak power (CEx: 2.6 +/- 0.4 W x wk(-1), IEx: 2.6 +/- 0.4 W x wk(-1), P = 0.92). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the amplitude and rate of change of select adaptations in @entity1 aged 60-70 yr are independent of the mode of training (i.e., continuous or intermittent exercise) when the absolute training intensity and the total amount of work completed were similar.

title: Rate and amplitude of adaptation to intermittent and continuous exercise in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Allogeneic @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) has been shown to be an effective treatment option for advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). However, @entity5 resistance/relapse remains as the main post transplant issue. Therefore, enhancing graft-versus- @entity5 (GVT) activity without increasing GVHD is critical for improving the outcome of @entity1583 . We explored the GVT effect of haploidentical- @entity12497 (haplo- @entity12497 ) against @entity1358 in @entity19 models. Lethally irradiated CB6F1 (H2K(b/d)) recipients were transplanted with T-cell-depleted BM cells from B6CBAF1 (H2K(b/k)) @entity19 . Haplo- @entity12497 combined with a low-dose haploidentical (HI) T-cell infusion (1 * 10(5)) successfully provided GVT activity without incurring GVHD. This effect elicited @entity19 @entity1358 growth control and consequently displayed a comparative survival advantage of haplo- @entity12497 recipients when compared with MHC-matched (B6D2F1   CB6F1) and parent-F1 (B6   CB6F1) transplant recipients. Recipients of haplo- @entity12497 had an increase in donor-derived splenic T-cell numbers, T-cell proliferation and IFN-y-secreting donor-derived T-cells, a critical aspect for anti- @entity5 activity. The splenocytes from B6CBAF1 @entity19 had a higher cytotoxicity against RENCA cells than the splenocytes from B6 and B6D2F1 donors after @entity5 challenge. These findings suggest that haplo- @entity12497 might be an innovative immunotherapeutic platform for solid @entity5 , particularly for @entity1358 .

title: Haploidentical @entity1583 increases graft-versus- @entity5 effect against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HSCT', 'hematopoietic SCT']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: In a preceding study we showed that the highly negative resting membrane potential of @entity35 adrenal glomerulosa cells is related to background @entity972 channel(s), which belong to the two-pore domain channel family. TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel ( @entity23242 ) expression was found in glomerulosa tissue, and the currents elicited by injection of glomerulosa mRNA (I(glom)) or @entity23242 cRNA (I( @entity23242 )) showed remarkable similarity in @entity1238 oocytes. However, based on the different sensitivity of these currents to acidification, we concluded that @entity23242 may be responsible for a maximum of 25% of the weakly pH-dependent glomerulosa background K+ current. Here we demonstrate that @entity30880 , a close relative of @entity23242 , is expressed abundantly in glomerulosa cells. Northern blot detected @entity30880 message in adrenal glomerulosa, but not in other tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated even higher mRNA expression of @entity30880 than @entity23242 in glomerulosa tissue. Similarly to the glomerulosa background current, the current expressed by injection of @entity30880 cRNA (I( @entity30880 )) was less acid-sensitive than I( @entity23242 ). @entity3739 red in the micromolar range inhibited I(glom) and I( @entity30880 ), but not I( @entity23242 ). Like I( @entity23242 ), I( @entity30880 ) was inhibited by stimulation of AT1a angiotensin II receptor coexpressed with the @entity972 channel. The high level of expression and its pharmacological properties suggest that @entity30880 dominates the resting @entity972 conductance of glomerulosa cells.

title: @entity30880 dominates the background @entity972 conductance in XXXX adrenal glomerulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['Ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to improve the intestinal absorption of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide (OJP) by incorporating it together with @entity27145 (SC) into erodible matrices, designed to release OJP and SC at various rates over different periods of time. OJP, a graminan type fructosan with an average molecular weight in number of 3400 Da has been demonstrated to have anti- @entity741 activity. The determination of OJP blood levels was carried out by the @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) prelabeling method. Matrix tablets, possessing different erosion rates, were prepared by changing the amounts of @entity14917 and using the two-layer tableting technique. Formulation effectiveness was evaluated by monitoring OJP plasma levels after intra-intestinal administration of each of the tablets to anesthetized @entity35 . The findings indicate that all the SC containing formulations can significantly improve @entity2823 -OJP bioavailability. Compared with the formulations not containing SC, the increase varied from 5.6- to 20.8-fold for the worst and best SC containing formulations studied, respectively. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the C(max) and AUC(0-4) values obtained for three optimized formulations, which synchronously or nonsynchronously released both @entity2823 -OJP and SC within 1-2 h. Their absorption enhancement effects were 2.1- to 3.6-fold higher than those of faster and slower release formulations studied. Fast delivery of the drug and its absorption adjuvant(s) contributes to their high concentrations at the absorption sites. However, at the same time, it leads to their short residence times and fast dilution by intestinal fluids. The better the balance between the two opposite effects for drug absorption, the more effective absorption enhancement would be obtained.

title: Release-controlling absorption enhancement of enterally administered Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide by XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity27145 :: ('MESH:C031071', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium caprate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic']

answer: @entity27145 :: (MESH:C031071,Chemical) :: ['sodium caprate']


abstract: Epidemiological and intervention studies correlate @entity4211 -rich beverages and a low incidence of @entity301 . Since @entity2232 (ET-1) and @entity842 (NO) produced by @entity9554 ( @entity9554 ) are vascular tension regulators secreted by endothelial cells, we studied the influence of two @entity4211 , namely @entity28172 (CY) and @entity46444 (DP), on the regulation of ET-1 and @entity9554 in cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Aglycon @entity4211 forms, such as CY and DP, may be present in vivo after the first deglycosylation step occurring in the jejunum and in the liver. DP showed a major action compared to CY inducing a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both protein and mRNA levels of ET-1. CY and DP both increased the protein level of @entity9554 , but DP showed the major effect raising @entity9554 protein in a dose-dependent manner. To correlate the vasoprotective effect of CY and DP with their antioxidant activity, we analysed also the antioxidant effect of @entity4211 both in vitro and in HUVECs. In particular, we examined the effect of @entity4211 on endothelial @entity13975 (HO-1), an inducible stress protein. In all tests, DP showed a higher antioxidant activity than CY. Finally, the antiproliferative effect induced by DP was detected in HUVECs. DP and CY differ in the number and position of @entity3787 groups in their structure; therefore, the greater biological activity by DP, compared with CY, seems to be due to the presence of the three @entity3787 groups on the B ring in the molecular structure of DP.

title: @entity4211 decrease @entity2232 production and increase endothelial @entity842 synthase in XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial NO synthase', 'eNOS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity46444 :: ('MESH:C017185', 'Chemical') :: ['delphinidin']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin', 'anthocyanidin', 'anthocyanidins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the soaking duration and concentration effect of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) on the corneal keratocyte following single intraoperative application. METHODS: Two hundred ten pigmented @entity95 eyes underwent mechanical epithelium debridement of the central 10-mm comea followed by soaking of six different solutions: MMC1A: 0.01% @entity1139 x 1 minute; MMC1B: 0.01% @entity1139 x 2 minutes; MMC2A: 0.02% @entity1139 x 1 minute; MMC2B: 0.02% @entity1139 x 2 minutes; BSS1: balanced salt solution (BSS) x 1 minute; and BSS2: BSS x 2 minutes. Thirty-five eyes were allocated into each group. Changes of the central comeal thickness, corneal clarity score, and keratocyte apoptosis were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14. RESULTS: A significant increase of central corneal thickness and corneal clarity score was noted in all @entity1139 treated groups. The central corneal thickness recovered to its baseline level whereas the corneal clarity score remained increased at 2 weeks. The changes were more significant in MMC2 than in MMC1 corneas. However, changes of central corneal thickness and corneal clarity score were more significant in MMC1B than in MMC1A, whereas no difference was noted between MMC2A and MMC2B. Significantly higher stromal keratocyte loss and keratocyte apoptosis, from superficial to deep @entity2687 , was noted in MMC1 and MMC2 groups up to 14 days postoperatively, in a soaking duration and dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Single application of @entity1139 on the corneal surface caused soaking concentration and duration dependent @entity3279 and keratocyte apoptosis in this @entity95 model.

title: Corneal keratocyte apoptosis following topical intraoperative @entity1138 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Tissue autofluorescence has been explored as a potential method of noninvasive pre- @entity5 (pre-malignancy) detection in the lung. Here, we report the first studies of intrinsic cellular autofluorescence from SV40 immortalized and distinct @entity286 -carcinogen-transformed (malignant) @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells. These cell lines are useful models for studies seeking to distinguish between normal and pre-neoplastic @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells. The cells were characterized via spectrofluorimetry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Spectrofluorimetry revealed that @entity2340 was the dominant fluorophore. No change in @entity2340 emission intensity was observed between immortalized and carcinogen-transformed cells. Confocal autofluorescence microscopy was performed using a highly sensitive, spectrometer-coupled instrument capable of limiting emission detection to specific wavelength ranges. These studies revealed two additional endogenous fluorophores, whose excitation and emission characteristics were consistent with @entity2125 ( @entity2125 ) and @entity28094 . In immortalized @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells, the fluorescence of these species was localized to cytoplasmic granules. In contrast, the carcinogen-transformed cells showed an appreciable decrease in the fluorescence intensity of both @entity2125 and @entity28094 and the punctate, spatial localization of the autofluorescence was lost. The observed autofluorescence decrease was potentially the result of changes in the redox state of the fluorophores. The random cytoplasmic fluorescence pattern found in carcinogen-transformed cells may be attributed to changes in the mitochondrial morphology. The implications of these results to pre- @entity5 detection in the lung are discussed.

title: Autofluorescence characteristics of immortalized and carcinogen-transformed XXXX bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide', 'NADH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Noninvasive measurements of high-energy @entity1391 metabolism in the anterior myocardium of heart @entity1 are now possible with image-guided, localized nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. The results, reviewed herein, are largely consistent with those of prior animal studies. Quantification with @entity3151 -31 MR yields normal @entity1734 (PCr) and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) concentrations of about 11 and 6 mumol per gram wet weight, respectively, with a PCr/ @entity855 ratio of around 1.8. Studies of @entity1 with @entity1184 and @entity384 , @entity4346 , @entity340 , transplanted hearts, @entity583 , or reversible @entity63 reveal abnormalities in the PCr/ @entity855 ratio and/or the metabolite concentrations. Differences in reported findings for @entity296 might be attributable to statistical sensitivity and the presence of @entity712 . The technique might find use in the clinic for identifying failure when other factors complicate diagnosis. The PCr/ @entity855 ratio is often reduced in transplanted hearts but is not a reliable predictor of histologic rejection involving myocyte @entity39 . In @entity583 , metabolite levels may be reduced while the remaining PCr and @entity855 signals likely reflect surrounding surviving tissue. Stress-test studies of anterior @entity741 produce transient reductions in the PCr/ @entity855 ratio, which appear to be specific for @entity63 . This may lead to a new way of assessing @entity63 , particularly if the technology can gain access to a larger portion of the heart. Cardiac spectroscopy with nuclei other than @entity15340 shows promise.

title: MR spectroscopy of the XXXX heart: the status and the challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Spreading depolarizations are waves of mass neuronal and glial depolarization that propagate across the injured @entity1 cortex. They can occur with @entity308 as spreading @entity308 or isoelectric spreading depolarizations on a background of absent or minimal electroencephalogram activity. Spreading depolarizations are characterized by the loss of neuronal ion homeostasis and are believed to damage functional neurons, leading to neuronal @entity39 or @entity16 and poor outcome. Analgesics and sedatives influence activity-dependent neuronal ion homeostasis and therefore represent potential modulators of spreading depolarizations. In this exploratory retrospective international multicentre analysis, we investigated the influence of @entity1363 , @entity1875 , @entity3575 , @entity681 , @entity3652 and @entity1286 on the occurrence of spreading depolarizations in 115 brain-injured @entity1 . A surface electrode strip was placed on the cortex, and continuous electrocorticographical recordings were obtained. We used multivariable binary logistic regression to quantify associations between the investigated drugs and the hours of electrocorticographical recordings with and without spreading depolarizations or clusters of spreading depolarizations. We found that administration of @entity3652 was associated with a reduction of spreading depolarizations and spreading depolarization clusters (P   <   0.05). @entity1363 anaesthesia, in contrast, was associated with an increased number of spreading depolarization clusters (P   <   0.05). By using a univariate odds ratio analysis, we also found a significant association between @entity3652 administration and reduced occurrence of isoelectric spreading depolarizations in @entity1 suffering from @entity131 , @entity510 and malignant @entity64 (P   <   0.05). Our findings suggest that @entity3652 -or another @entity1024 receptor antagonist-may represent a viable treatment for @entity1 at risk for spreading depolarizations. This hypothesis will be tested in a prospective study.

title: Effect of analgesics and sedatives on the occurrence of spreading depolarizations accompanying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression of neuronal activity', 'depressions']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['acute brain injury']


abstract: We investigated the clinical feature of @entity764 @entity1 , mainly with @entity130 . From 1993 to 2005, 739 @entity1 with @entity764 were treated at our life-saving emergency center. There were more @entity130 @entity1 than @entity2982 @entity1 (693 cases vs 46 cases). Regarding the @entity764 @entity1 , the causes of @entity130 were traffic injury in 462 (62.5%), unexpected accident including work place accident in 153 (20.7%), suicide in 90 (12.2%), and assault in 34 (4.6%). As the numbers of injured organs increased, the mortality rate increased. Among 156 @entity1 with @entity1167 on admission, 155 @entity1 died. This result suggested that saving the life of @entity1 presenting with @entity1167 on admission is extremely difficult. Thirty-eight cases (5.1%) required surgical treatment, and surgery to repair @entity130 was performed in 14 cases. In 6 cases of @entity130 , thoracoscopy was performed during the examination and/or surgery. CONCLUSION: Urgently transporting @entity764 @entity1 to hospital before the onset of @entity1167 is therefore essential in order to reduce the mortality rate of these @entity1 . In addition, thoracoscopy is very useful for both examining and treating traumatic @entity130 @entity1 .

title: [Clinical features of @entity764 ; special reference to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'diaphragmatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity39489 is a rare @entity74 and known to be caused by mutations in the rhodopsin kinase ( @entity13463 ) gene or the arrestin ( @entity11373 ) gene. @entity11373 contains 16 exons and encodes a protein with 405 @entity1522 . This study was to identify the underlying @entity74 in a non-consanguineous Chinese family with @entity39489 . METHODS: Ophthalmologic examinations including fundus photography and electroretinography (ERG) were performed on all family members. All exons of the @entity13463 gene and the @entity11373 gene were amplified with PCR and directly sequenced. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to screen heterozygous deletions/duplications in the @entity11373 gene. Long-range PCR and direct sequencing were further performed to define the breakpoints. RESULTS: The @entity1 had characteristic clinical features of @entity39489 , including @entity15535 , normal vision fields, typical fundus appearance with the Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon, nearly undetectable rod b waves in the scotopic 0.01 ERGs, and nearly "negative" scotopic 3.0 ERGs. No mutations were found in the @entity13463 gene. A heterozygous nonsense @entity47908 ( @entity47908 ) mutation was found in the @entity11373 gene in the @entity1 and the unaffected mother. No pathogenic @entity11373 mutations were found in the unaffected father. qPCRs showed a heterozygous deletion encompassing exon 2 of the @entity11373 gene in the @entity1 and the unaffected father. Long-range PCR and direct sequencing verified the deletion and revealed the breakpoints of the deletion, skipping a 3,224-bp fragment of the @entity11373 gene. The deletion was not detected in 96 unrelated healthy controls. This deletion was predicted to eliminate the exon 2 and the AUG initiate codon in the mature @entity11373 mRNA and cause no production of the @entity11373 protein or low-level production of a non-functional truncated protein lacking 134 @entity1522 in the @entity2733 terminus. CONCLUSIONS: Compound heterozygosity of a nonsense @entity47908 mutation and a heterozygous deletion of 3,224 bp encompassing exon 2 in the @entity11373 gene is the cause of @entity39489 in this Chinese family. qPCR analysis should be performed if there is a negative result of the mutation screening of the @entity11373 gene in @entity1 with @entity39489 .

title: A Chinese family with XXXX due to compound heterozygosity including a novel deletion in the arrestin gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['night blindness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease', 'genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity39489 :: ('MESH:C537743', 'Disease') :: ["Oguchi's disease"]

answer: @entity39489 :: (MESH:C537743,Disease) :: ['Oguchi's disease']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) categorized as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). @entity2556 are ubiquitous in terrestrial, atmospheric, and particularly aquatic environments throughout the world and have been detected in lakes, ground waters, and rivers. This research work involved the analysis of five @entity2556 , @entity10517 , @entity11965 , @entity12683 , @entity11966 , and @entity9435 , in water sample collected from the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. The extraction of water samples was carried out by reversed phase solid-phase extraction (RP-SPE) technique with C-18 SPE cartridges. A solvent mixture of @entity1044 and @entity4315 (1   :   2) with a flow rate of 0.5   mL/min was used as eluent. Percentage recoveries of five @entity2556 for this technique were in the range of 81.47        1.16 to 98.60        0.61%. @entity2556 quantification was achieved by using an ion trap gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) interfaced to gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a fused @entity3440 capillary column. Helium was used as carrier gas with a flow rate of 1.0   mL/min. The commonly detected @entity2556 compounds in the river water were @entity10517 , @entity12683 , and @entity11966 at the concentration ranges of 0.451 to 3.201, 0.033 to 3.1131, and 0.320 to 2.546    g/mL, respectively. The results reflect that @entity2556 presented in this river water were mostly from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources.

title: Reversed Phase SPE and GC-MS Study of XXXX in Water Samples from the River Buriganga, Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The second-generation @entity750 @entity750 (3) receptor antagonist @entity7274 has shown improved efficacy in the prevention of both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV). However, there have been no randomized controlled trials supporting the preferential use of @entity7274 in triple antiemetic regimens for @entity1 receiving multiday highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of @entity7274 -based and first-generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist-based triple antiemetic regimens in @entity5 @entity1 receiving multiday HEC. METHODS: This was a review and analysis of medical record data. A total of 115 @entity1 who had received multiday HEC were included and grouped into a @entity7274 -based antiemetic group (n = 73) or a first-generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist-based antiemetic group (n = 42). Data on CINV were collected in 24-hour intervals for 120 hours after the start of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Complete response rates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups during any of the 3 phases: acute (0-24 hours), p = 0.877; overlap (24-120 hours), p = 0.997; and overall (0-120 hours), p = 0.723. The proportion of @entity1 with complete control was similar between the groups during each phase: acute, p = 0.862; overlap, p = 0.838; and overall, p = 0.828. There was also no significant difference in other end points between the 2 groups. Among all @entity1 , females experienced significantly more acute @entity390 (p = 0.040) and @entity391 (p = 0.046) than males. Compared with nondrinkers, @entity1 who consumed @entity167 had a lower overall incidence of @entity391 (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Within a triple antiemetic regimen, a @entity7274 -based antiemetic regimen was not significantly different from regimens based on first-generation 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists in preventing CINV during multiday HEC.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX versus other @entity750 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in triple antiemetic regimens during multiday highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity7274 :: (MESH:C083418,Chemical) :: ['palonosetron']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The epidemiological transition has resulted in a major increase in the prevalence of @entity28 in North Africa. This study investigated differences in @entity28 and its association with area of residence, gender and socio-economic position among adults in Algeria and Tunisia, two countries with socio-economic and socio-cultural similarities. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies used stratified, three-level, clustered samples of 35-70 year old adults in Algeria, ( @entity1 n=2741, @entity1 n=2004) and Tunisia ( @entity1 n=2964, @entity1 n=2379). Thinness was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI)=weight/height <18.5 kg/m(2), @entity28 as BMI >= 30, and @entity1144 as waist circumference/height >= 0.6. Associations with area of residence, gender, age, education, profession and household welfare were assessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of thinness was very low except among @entity1 in Algeria (7.3% C.I.[5.9-8.7]). Prevalence of @entity28 among @entity1 was high in Algeria (30.1% C.I.[27.8-32.4]) and Tunisia (37.0% C.I.[34.4-39.6]). It was less so among @entity1 (9.1% C.I.[7.1-11.0] and 13.3% C.I.[11.2-15.4]).The results were similar for @entity1144 . In both countries @entity1 were much more @entity28 -prone than @entity1 : the @entity1 versus @entity1 @entity28 Odds-Ratio was 4.3 C.I.[3.4-5.5] in Algeria and 3.8 C.I.[3.1-4.7] in Tunisia. @entity28 was more prevalent in urban versus rural areas in Tunisia, but not in Algeria (e.g. for @entity1 , urban versus rural Odds-Ratio was 2.4 C.I.[1.9-3.1] in Tunisia and only 1.2 C.I.[1.0-5.5] in Algeria). @entity28 increased with household welfare, but more markedly in Tunisia, especially among @entity1 . Nevertheless, in both countries, even in the lowest quintile of welfare, a fifth of the @entity1 were @entity28 . CONCLUSION: The prevention of @entity28 , especially in @entity1 , is a public health issue in both countries, but there were differences in the patterning of @entity28 according to area of residence and socio-economic position. These specificities must be taken into account in the management of @entity28 inequalities.

title: XXXX and association with area of residence, gender and socio-economic factors in Algerian and Tunisian adults.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity8 associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) may be related to a combination of factors. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is the most common complication of allogeneic @entity8 . Although the kidneys are not considered the primary target organs for GVHD, chronic @entity8 may occur in 20% to 60% of @entity8 @entity1 . @entity631 ( @entity631 ) is the most frequent renal complication observed in @entity1 who develop @entity1985 after allogeneic @entity8 . In this setting, the pathogenesis of @entity631 is not clearly understood and the most appropriate treatment approach has not been established. In order to summarize the current knowledge on this issue, a review of the pertinent literature has been performed. The available data on @entity631 diagnosed in @entity1 submitted to allogeneic @entity8 were identified using the MEDLINE database (last accessed: Jan 30, 2012). Fifty-nine @entity1 with allogeneic @entity8 -related @entity631 with a median age of 43 years were identified. @entity631 occurred at a median time of 17 months after allogeneic @entity8 . A history of acute or concomitant clinically apparent @entity2132 was present in 69% and 31% of cases, respectively. @entity2132 , nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, immunosuppression withdrawal, and the use of peripheral blood stem cell grafts were identified as risk factors. Among the 53 @entity1 with available outcome data, complete remission, partial response, and inefficacy of treatment were recorded in 65%, 22% and 13% of cases, respectively. @entity631 after allogeneic @entity8 seems to be etiologically related to subclinical or overt @entity2132 , which flares up after discontinuation of immunosuppression. The available measures can induce sustained long-term remission in about two-thirds of affected @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX secondary to allogeneic stem cell transplant: review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function', 'hematopoietic stem cell transplant', 'Renal injury', 'HSCT']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'cGVHD']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous glomerulonephritis', 'MG']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: We examined four species of @entity47981 Oken, 1817 (Serranidae: Epinephelinae), @entity47981 areolatus (R  ppell), @entity47981 laevis (Lacep  de), @entity47981 (Lacep  de) and @entity47981 maculatus (Bloch) from sites off Heron Island and Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR), and the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. Three new species of Neidhartia Nagaty, 1937, five new species of Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905, and one previously described species, Prosorhynchus freitasi Nagaty, 1937, are characterised. The three species of Neidhartia, Neidhartia haywardi @entity8891 ., Neidhartia plectropomi @entity8891 . and Neidhartia tyleri @entity8891 . are readily distinguishable morphologically. Two of the six species of Prosorhynchus (Prosorhynchus lesteri @entity8891 . and Prosorhynchus wrightae @entity8891 .) are easily distinguished from their other congeners by morphology but the other four species (P. freitasi, Prosorhynchus heronensis @entity8891 ., Prosorhynchus munozae @entity8891 . and Prosorhynchus plectropomi @entity8891 .) are generally similar in morphology and were only distinguished initially by comparing their ITS2 rRNA sequences. Three additional taxa, one from the GBR and two from French Polynesia, were recognised as distinct on the basis that their ITS2 rRNA sequences differed from those of the new taxa described here; these species remain unnamed for the present. Inter-specific divergence observed within these genera in the ITS2 rRNA ranged from 10 to 42 base pairs (4-16  %) for species of Neidhartia and 2-57 base pairs (3-21  %) for species of Prosorhynchus. Inter-generic divergences were 42-55 base pairs (17-21  %). No intraspecific variation in the ITS2 rRNA region was observed for any of the six species for which multiple sequence replicates were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 operational taxa from @entity47981 together with sequences of three other species from epinepheline serranids demonstrated that Neidhartia and Prosorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic with the exception that P. wrightae @entity8891 . fell either within or basal to the Neidhartia species. The richness of bucephalids in species of @entity47981 appears to be exceptional within the Serranidae relative to that observed in other serranid genera in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.

title: Bucephalidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) of XXXX (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) in the tropical Pacific.

entities_list: @entity47981 :: ('160734', 'Species') :: ['Plectropomus', 'Plectropomus leopardus']

answer: @entity47981 :: (160734,Species) :: ['Plectropomus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results in fewer @entity455 , earlier ambulation, and improved @entity1 comfort. Limited data exist for radial access in acute @entity583 , where reperfusion must occur quickly. METHODS: In a multicenter pilot trial, 50 @entity1 with @entity583 requiring either primary or rescue PCI were randomized to radial or femoral access. All operators had previously performed at least 100 transradial cases. Procedure times were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: Thrombolysis was used in 66% of the cases and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in 94%. Crossover from radial to femoral access was required in one case. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 47 @entity1 , with stenting in 45. One procedural failure occurred with radial access because of inability to cross the occlusion. The time from local anesthesia to @entity661 was 32 (25th percentile 26, 75th percentile 38) minutes for radial access and 26 (22, 33) minutes for femoral access (P = .04). There were no significant differences in contrast use or fluoroscopy time. No @entity1 experienced major @entity548 or required transfusion. Doppler studies demonstrated 2 asymptomatic radial occlusions and 2 @entity2849 (1 from each group). One @entity1 in the femoral group died 2 days after PCI. At 30 days, there were no strokes or reinfarctions and no @entity1 required bypass surgery or repeat PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Primary and rescue PCI can be performed with high success rates using either radial or femoral access. Although radial access was associated with a longer time to @entity661 , the difference was small and likely not clinically significant. In @entity1 without shock, major @entity455 are infrequent with either access site despite the high use of thrombolysis and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.

title: Radial versus femoral access for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention with adjunct glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in acute XXXX --the RADIAL-AMI pilot randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'bleeding and vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['first balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4034 is a major complication in @entity1 with @entity4760 . Accurate pathogenic identification of organisms can aid the clinician to a specific antibiotic therapy thereby preventing the need for amputation. METHODS: All @entity6 @entity1 with bone biopsy-confirmed @entity4034 were included into the study: biopsies were performed either during surgical removal of infected bone or percutaneously under guided fluoroscopy through non-infected tissue. The depth and extent of the @entity1066 was assessed using a sterile blunt metal probe. @entity130 were taken from the wound base after sharp debridement. RESULTS: Of 66 cases of suspected @entity4034 in 102 joints, 34 @entity1 had both bone biopsies and deep wound cultures over the study period. Thirty two of 34 (94%), had a history of preceding foot ulceration, and in 25 of the cases a positive probe to bone test was recorded. In a high proportion of @entity1 , at least one similar organism was isolated from both the deep wound culture and bone biopsy procedures (25 of 34 cases, 73.5%, p<0.001). When organisms were isolated from both wound cultures and bone biopsies, the identical strain was identified in both procedures in a significant proportion of cases (16 of 25 cases, 64%, p<0.001, total sample analysis in 16 of 34 cases, 47%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 correlate well with osseous cultures and provide a sensitive method in assessing and targeting likely pathogens that cause @entity281 . This will help aid the clinician in guiding antibiotic therapy in centers where bone biopsies may not be readily available.

title: @entity130 correlate well with bone biopsy culture in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Deep wound cultures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['osseous infections']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot osteomyelitis']


abstract: @entity4924 is a rare @entity299 , accounting for about 0.5% of all @entity299 . We report our experience with the @entity154 as encountered at the Sudan Heart Centre from July 2004 to April 2005. Diagnosis was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve towards the ventricular apex by greater than 8 millimetres per metre squared. RESULTS: In a period of 10 months, we identified 12 @entity1 with the @entity600 , this number constituting 2% of all @entity1 seen with @entity299 . The age ranged from 2 weeks to 35 years. Of the @entity1 , half were asymptomatic, while the other half presented with @entity712 , 4 of these having cyanosis in addition to @entity712 . Associated diseases included @entity177 , impaired hearing, stunted growth, and @entity245 . Electrocardiographic abnormalities included peaked and tall P waves, seen in four-fifths, an Rsr pattern, first degree @entity713 , @entity955 , and @entity3153 , including the Mahaim pattern of pre-excitation. @entity66 diagnosed echocardiographically included @entity118 , prolapse of the leaflets of the mitral valve, @entity1002 , @entity439 , @entity849 , and @entity2294 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4924 was seen four times more frequently at the Sudan Heart Centre when compared to the average frequency reported in the Western literature. Many of the @entity66 encountered in Sudan had not previously been reported.

title: Clinical and echocardiographic features of XXXX in Sudanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's malformation"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Associated abnormalities', 'associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valvar stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformation', 'congenital cardiac lesions', 'congenital cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic catheter-based resuscitation therapies are emerging with laboratory investigations showing benefit in models of @entity130 -related noncompressible torso @entity548 and nontraumatic @entity1167 . For these investigational aortic catheter-based therapies to reach their greatest potential clinical benefit, the ability to initiate them in the prehospital setting will be important. Feasibility of prehospital aortic catheterization without imaging capability supports this potential and is described in this report. METHODS: A physician prehospital response system was created in cooperation with the local emergency medical services system to provide invasive hemodynamic monitoring during @entity1167 . Physicians were dispatched to all known or suspected prehospital cardiac arrests covered by the emergency medical services system. Physicians responded with a specialized vascular catheterization pack and a monitor with invasive pressure monitoring capability. The physicians performed blind thoracic aortic and central venous catheterizations in @entity1167 @entity1 in the prehospital setting to measure coronary perfusion pressure, to optimize closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation technique, and to administer intra-aortic epinephrine. RESULTS: During a 2-year period, 22 medical @entity1167 @entity1 underwent prehospital invasive hemodynamic monitoring to guide resuscitation. Most @entity1 had both aortic and central venous catheters inserted. The combination of intra-aortic epinephrine and adjustments in closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation technique resulted in improved coronary perfusion pressure. Return of spontaneous circulation with survival to hospital admission was achieved in 50% (11 of 22) of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the feasibility of successful blind aortic and central venous catheterizations in the prehospital environment and supports the potential feasibility of other emerging aortic catheter-based resuscitation therapies.

title: Feasibility of blind aortic catheter placement in the prehospital environment to guide resuscitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: AIM: Sudden unexplained death is a significant cause of mortality in adults with @entity302 . Only a few data exist about this risk in childhood. METHODS: Cases of @entity944 ( @entity944 ) up to the age of 18 y occurring at our hospital between 1984 and 2001 were identified. The incidence rate was calculated on the basis of diagnosed @entity302 registered with a statutory disability insurance scheme. RESULTS: Four cases of @entity944 were identified during the 18-y period. The incidence of @entity944 was 4.3 per 10,000 @entity1 -years. All @entity1 showed polytherapy-refractory @entity302 , @entity851 and early-onset @entity302 . Two witnessed cases had shown no previous signs of @entity410 . CONCLUSION: @entity944 is rare in childhood. @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 seem not to be at risk.

title: Sudden unexplained death in XXXX with @entity302 : a cohort study with an eighteen-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexplained death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptics']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity18087 is a rare, slow-growing, @entity5 . Its potential for progression and its histiogenesis remains controversial. CASE REPORT: A routine chest X-ray revealed a right abdominal mass in 41-year-old @entity1 . Search for a cause was negative. The @entity1 underwent posterolateral thoracotomy for tumorectomy. Intraoperative pathology analysis revealed the benign nature of the @entity5 . No complication was observed postoperatively. The final pathological conclusion was sclerosing @entity358 . @entity18087 is a parenchymal @entity2 . The latest immunohistochemical studies of this lesion suggest a pneumocyte origin. Prognosis is good, but extension to lymph nodes may occur. Surgery is always required for cure, and must be associated with lymph node dissection for large @entity5 .

title: [Huge XXXX in a female smoker].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the lung']

entities_list: @entity18087 :: ('MESH:D047868', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma of the lung']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['benign lung tumor']


abstract: Until recently, severe @entity5142 ( @entity5142 ) has been treated almost exclusively by laryngotracheoplasty procedures. Even in the most experienced centers, the results of single-stage operations for @entity2708 's grade III and IV stenoses have been disappointing. This paper reports our experience on 31 partial cricotracheal resections for severe @entity5142 in @entity1 and @entity1 . The @entity850 was congenital in 6 cases and acquired after prolonged intubation in 25 cases. Twenty-seven @entity1 were tracheotomy-dependent at the time of surgery. Twenty-two cases were classified as grade III and 9 cases as grade IV stenoses according to @entity2708 . The decannulation rate was 97% (30 of 31 cases) after an open procedure. There were no fatalities and no lesions to the recurrent laryngeal nerves, but there was 1 complete restenosis. Twenty-seven @entity1 show no exertional @entity1353 , 3 have a slight stridor with some @entity1353 while exercising, and 1 @entity1 is not decannulated. The voice is normal in 21 cases, a @entity7364 is present in 9 cases, and the @entity1 with complete restenosis acquired an esophageal voice. Postoperative follow-up is longer than 10 years in 8 cases and longer than 5 years in an additional 6 cases. All @entity1 who reached adulthood show normal growth of the larynx and @entity825 . Considering the excellent results obtained in this consecutive series of 31 cases, partial cricoid resection with primary @entity254 should be considered an important treatment option for severe @entity5142 in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Partial cricotracheal resection for severe XXXX : update of the Lausanne experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotracheal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['SGS', 'pediatric subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['pediatric subglottic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Earlier studies from several countries have shown that IgE-mediated @entity566 in rural populations is of considerable importance and that storage mites are dominant allergens. OBJECTIVE: In an epidemiological follow-up study among farmers on the island of Gotland, Sweden in 1996 we wished to investigate the prevalence of @entity1576 and to find out whether storage mites are still important allergens in a farming environment. METHODS: A questionnaire concerning airway symptoms, social and working conditions and smoking habits was distributed to all Gotland farmers aged 15-65 years and was completed by 1577 (86.7%), of whom 1015 were dairy farmers. Based on the answers, 500 dairy farmers were invited to undergo a medical examination which included a skin-prick test (SPT) and blood sampling for RAST analyses. Prevalence figures (symptoms, RAST and SPT) given for the whole population (n = 1015) were based on the investigation of the 461 farmers who took part in the examination. RESULTS: Immediate onset @entity56 was present in 41.7% of the 1015 farmers studied, which is almost the same figure as in 1984 (40.0%). The prevalence of @entity565 had increased significantly during the previous 12 years (5.3% vs 9.8%), as had @entity565 in combination with @entity7370 (3.7% vs 7.0%). @entity7370 , on the other hand, had not changed significantly (36.5% vs 33.1%) and remained one of the most common symptoms. The prevalence of storage mite @entity566 in the farming population in 1996 was 6.5% and constituted an important cause of @entity56 . CONCLUSION: Over 12 years, Gotland dairy farmers have developed significantly more respiratory symptoms from the lower airways, although the proportion with @entity402 is unchanged. Storage mites are still dominant allergens for developing @entity56 .

title: Increasing prevalence of XXXX over 12 years among dairy farmers on Gotland, Sweden: storage mites remain dominant allergens.

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinoconjunctivitis', 'rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic disease', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Aging and the presence of @entity66 are associated with increased incidence of @entity195 . A common feature of aging and @entity66 is decreased endothelial @entity842 (NO). We studied the effect of a loss of endothelium derived NO on amyloid precursor protein (APP) related phenotype in late middle aged (LMA) (14-15  month) endothelial @entity842 synthase deficient (eNOS(-/-) ) @entity19 . APP, @entity19027 , and amyloid beta (Ab) levels were significantly higher in the brains of LMA eNOS(-/-) @entity19 as compared with LMA wild-type controls. APP and Ab1-40 were increased in hippocampal tissue of eNOS(-/-) @entity19 as compared with wild-type @entity19 . LMA eNOS(-/-) @entity19 displayed an increased inflammatory phenotype as compared with LMA wild-type @entity19 . Importantly, LMA eNOS(-/-) @entity19 performed worse in a radial arm maze test of spatial learning and memory as compared with LMA wild-type @entity19 . These data suggest that chronic loss of endothelial NO may be an important contributor to both Ab related pathology and @entity73 . @entity65 factors are associated with increased incidence of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A common feature of these risk factors is decreased endothelial @entity842 (NO). We observed, in @entity19 deficient in endothelial @entity842 synthase, increased amyloid precursor protein (APP), b-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, amyloid beta levels, microglial activation, and @entity2414 . This suggests chronic loss of endothelial NO may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of @entity195 .

title: Endothelial XXXX deficiency promotes @entity195 pathology.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity19027 :: ('23821(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['b-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) 1']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic AD', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity15616 ( @entity15616 ) have wrinkled, sagging skin with decreased elasticity. Skin symptoms are associated with variable systemic involvement. The most common, genetically highly heterogeneous form of @entity74 , is frequently associated with variable metabolic and neurological symptoms. @entity1109 , @entity154 , @entity2421 and @entity1155 are highly overlapping in the early phase of these disorders. This makes the genetic diagnosis often challenging. In search for discriminatory symptoms, we prospectively evaluated clinical, neurologic, metabolic and genetic features in our @entity1 cohort referred for suspected @entity3750 . From a cohort of 26 @entity1 , we confirmed mutations in genes associated with @entity3750 in 16 @entity1 (14 probands), including 12 novel mutations. Abnormal glycosylation and @entity854 were mostly, but not always associated with @entity3750 mutations. @entity302 was most common in @entity3750 defects. @entity6789 dysgenesis was associated with @entity15621 and @entity15620 mutations. Dystonic posturing was discriminatory for @entity15621 and @entity15620 defects. Metabolic markers of @entity2383 were found in one @entity1 with @entity15621 mutations. So far unreported @entity62 were found associated with @entity47041 and @entity35741 mutations. We describe a large cohort of @entity15616 @entity1 with neurologic involvement. Migration defects and @entity6789 were not always diagnostic for a specific @entity74 in @entity15616 . All @entity1 with @entity3750 defects had abnormal glycosylation. To conclude, central nervous system and @entity209 were discriminatory in this genetically heterogeneous group, although not always diagnostic for a certain @entity74 in @entity15616 .

title: Clinical and biochemical features guiding the diagnostics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Progeroid symptoms']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gyration abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'autosomal recessive CL, ARCL2']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum hypoplasia', 'Corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity15616 :: (MESH:D003483,Disease) :: ['neurometabolic cutis laxa']


abstract: In the present study the effect of @entity3352 -induced @entity49330 was examined on the release of @entity6138 -like immunoreactivity (BLI), a putative peptidergic neurotransmitter, from the isolated perfused @entity35 stomach. In addition, @entity9113 and @entity1943 (SLI) secretion was determined. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity3352 (2 mg/kg X h) resulted in a 3-fold increase of basal BLI secretion. In response to @entity934 (2 X 10(-6) M) BLI rose from 2,000 to 4,000 pg/min, whereas in controls BLI increased from 400 to 1,400 pg/min. While absolute values for BLI secretion were higher in @entity3352 -treated stomachs the relative increase above baseline was lower (100 vs. 250%). In control @entity35 the increase in BLI secretion in response to @entity934 was abolished when the acidity in the gastric lumen was increased from pH 7 to pH 2. After @entity3352 , however, the stimulatory effect of @entity934 during luminal pH 7 and pH 2 was identical. The decrease of SLI by @entity934 at luminal pH 7 was abolished in @entity3352 -treated stomachs in response to 10(-6) M @entity934 , and 2 X 10(-6) M had even a stimulatory effect on SLI secretion. @entity3352 pretreatment reduced @entity9113 secretion at luminal pH 7. These data demonstrate that endogenous @entity2918 exert an inhibitory tone on basal and stimulated BLI and stimulated SLI secretion in the @entity35 stomach. It is suggested that endogenous @entity2918 also inhibit the release of a peptidergic neurotransmitter, similar to their effect on the classical neurotransmitters @entity934 and @entity1063 .

title: Effect of @entity3352 on @entity6138 -like immunoreactivity, @entity1943 and XXXX secretion from @entity35 stomach.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity49330 :: ('MESH:C567786', 'Disease') :: ['prostaglandin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity9113 :: (25320(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['gastrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1653 often harbor an immune cell infiltrate that can include substantial numbers of T and B cells. However, their phenotype and characteristics remain undefined. To gain a deeper understanding of the T and B cell repertoire in this @entity5 , we characterized the immune infiltrate of 28 @entity1653 representing all grades. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to grossly characterize and enumerate infiltrating lymphocytes. A molecular analysis of the immunoglobulin variable region of @entity5 -infiltrating B cells was used to characterize their antigen experience. Flow cytometry of fresh tissue homogenate and paired peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to identify T cell phenotypes and characterize the T cell repertoire. RESULTS: A conspicuous B and T cell infiltrate, primarily clustered in perivascular spaces, was present in the microenvironment of most @entity5 examined. Characterization of 294 @entity5 -infiltrating B cells revealed clear evidence of antigen experience, in that the cardinal features of an antigen-driven B cell response were present. @entity1653 harbored populations of antigen-experienced @entity404 + and @entity405 + memory/effector T cells, regulatory T cells, and T cells expressing the immune checkpoint molecules @entity8395 and @entity20500 , indicative of exhaustion. All of these phenotypes were considerably enriched relative to their frequency in the circulation. The T cell repertoire in the @entity5 microenvironment included populations that were not reflected in paired peripheral blood. CONCLUSION: The @entity5 microenvironment of @entity1653 often includes postgerminal center B cell populations. These @entity5 invariably include a selected, antigen-experienced, effector T cell population enriched by those that express markers of an exhausted phenotype.

title: The immune cell infiltrate populating XXXX is composed of mature, antigen-experienced T and B cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'resected meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4224 is the vector of a wide range of diseases (e.g. @entity779 , @entity12517 and Zika) which impact on over half the world's population. Entomopathogenic fungi such as @entity20703 and @entity18388 have been found to be highly efficacious in killing mosquito larvae but only now are the underlying mechanisms for pathogenesis being elucidated. Recently it was shown that conidia of @entity20703 caused stress induced mortality in Ae. aegypti larvae, a different mode of pathogenicity to that normally seen in terrestrial hosts. Blastospores constitute a different form of inoculum produced by this fungus when cultured in liquid media and although blastospores are generally considered to be more virulent than conidia no evidence has been presented to explain why. In our study, using a range of biochemical, molecular and microscopy methods, the infection process of @entity49831 (formerly @entity20703 ) ARSEF 4556 blastospores was investigated. It appears that the blastospores, unlike conidia, readily adhere to and penetrate mosquito larval cuticle. The blastospores are readily ingested by the larvae but unlike the conidia are able infect the insect through the gut and rapidly invade the haemocoel. The fact that pathogenicity related genes were upregulated in blastospores exposed to larvae prior to invasion, suggests the fungus was detecting host derived cues. Similarly, immune and defence genes were upregulated in the host prior to infection suggesting mosquitoes were also able to detect pathogen-derived cues. The hydrophilic blastospores produce copious mucilage, which probably facilitates adhesion to the host but do not appear to depend on production of Pr1, a cuticle degrading subtilisin protease, for penetration since protease inhibitors did not significantly alter blastospore virulence. The fact the blastospores have multiple routes of entry (cuticle and gut) may explain why this form of the inoculum killed Ae. aegypti larvae in a relatively short time (12-24hrs), significantly quicker than when larvae were exposed to conidia. This study shows that selecting the appropriate form of inoculum is important for efficacious control of disease vectors such as Ae. aegypti.

title: @entity49831 Blastospore Pathogenesis in XXXX Larvae: Attack on Several Fronts Accelerates Mortality.

entities_list: @entity12517 :: ('MESH:D065632', 'Disease') :: ['Chikungunya']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity49831 :: ('500148', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium brunneum']

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae', 'M. anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity18388 :: ('176275', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever, dengue']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and increased blood @entity413 are associated with subclinical @entity8 , @entity731 and with low @entity251 values. Low @entity251 in @entity1 is often accompanied by increased levels of @entity53 . OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In this study, the association between @entity53 , subclinical @entity8 and @entity731 in African and white @entity1 in a South African cohort was investigated. Cardiovascular variables were studied by means of B-mode ultrasound and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The sex hormones and other biochemical values were measured from fasting venous blood and overnight urine samples. The ethnic groups were stratified into low and high @entity251 groups by means of median split. RESULTS: The low @entity251 African group demonstrated a higher cardiovascular risk compared with the low @entity251 white @entity1 with 91% being @entity101 and having increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), left carotid intima-media thickness (L-CIMTf) and @entity53 -to- @entity251 ratio. In the low- @entity251 African @entity1 , @entity53 explained 33% of the variance in ACR, whereas the @entity53 -to- @entity251 ratio explained 22% of the variance in L-CIMTf, respectively. @entity53 -to- @entity251 ratio was positively associated with ACR in the low @entity251 whites. CONCLUSION: We conclude that increased levels of @entity53 may play a role in the development of subclinical @entity8 in both African and white @entity1 as well as @entity731 in low- @entity251 African @entity1 .

title: Sex hormones associated with subclinical @entity8 and @entity731 in South African XXXX : the SABPA study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The empirical risk of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ), was studied based on a survey of the data from 378 families with @entity6391 who were seen in Juntendo University hospital from 1980 to 1988. If the cases have had affected sibling, the empirical risk is 19% for the other siblings, and 29% if they have parental consanguinity. Moreover the risk for male siblings is about 1.7 times higher than for female siblings. The prevalence in the general population of carriers with @entity74 was calculated to be about 0.8 to 1.7 in 100 @entity1 . If a hereditary @entity6391 case marries a normal and unrelated partner, the risk is 0.4-0.9% for their @entity1 . If a case has many affected relatives (parents, grandparents, uncles or aunt etc), the risk is 24% for a son, and 30% for a daughter. Some normal @entity1 among autosomal dominant families with incomplete penetrance are suspected to be carriers. The rate of penetration of the autosomal dominant gene was estimated to be 0.54. Therefore, the risk is 8.6% for the @entity1 of such @entity1 . If the carriers are among X-linked families, the risk is 36% for their son. The risk is 1% or more for @entity1 of sporadic cases.

title: [The empirical risk of XXXX in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive hereditary RP']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: This study characterizes a @entity19 model which is promising for the study of the growth and natural history of @entity43 and for testing of new therapies for its treatment. Intact portions of 20 different @entity1 @entity43 surgical specimens were implanted in over 60 @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 using techniques previously developed in our laboratory. Growth of xenografts was evaluated by gross examination and histopathologic analysis. Confirmation of the @entity1 origin of the @entity5 outgrowth was obtained using in situ hybridization analysis. By histological evaluation, all of the @entity1 ' @entity5 showed evidence of invasive growth in at least 1 of the @entity19 implanted with portions of each surgical specimen and these @entity5 remained morphologically similar to the parent @entity5 for a long period of time. Furthermore, 65% (13/20) of the xenografts grew rapidly enough (i.e., reached a diameter of 1-2 cm within 2-6 months) to allow passage to subsequent @entity466 @entity19 . Among the passaged xenografts, 3 eventually developed @entity3 in a distribution pattern similar to that of naturally occurring @entity43 and 2 developed @entity843 without evidence of further metastatic spread. Upon evaluation of sera from @entity5 -bearing mice, human antibodies presumably derived from immunoglobulin-secreting cells present in the original @entity5 specimen were identified. In support of this, @entity1 B cells and plasma cells could be seen within the @entity5 xenograft for more than 6 months following implantation. In summary, transplantation of surgical specimens from @entity43 @entity1 into @entity466 @entity19 results in an attractive model for the study of the natural history of @entity43 and may also be useful for analysis or new experimental therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease.

title: Characterization of XXXX @entity43 in a @entity466 @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Obstruction of the superior renal calyces due to intrarenal vascular compressions is assumed on the basis of a characteristic sharply defined oblique filling defect with or without blunting of the fornices. Scintillation camera renography shows prolonged retention in the superior collecting system of the involved kidney. 11 out of 23 @entity1 had a symptomatology of recurrent @entity811 , other origins of @entity811 were excluded. 5 @entity1 had @entity293 , the remaining 7 had normal urinary findings. Renal function was always normal. There is no correlation between severity of blunting and @entity811 . In contrast to other studies which included only @entity1 with blunting and ectasis even cases without blunting of the fornices have a clinical symptomatology. Deterioration of radiologic appearance and kidney function was not found. Any idiopathic @entity811 should be investigated for @entity3885 . Uncomplicated cases require no therapy, long term follow-ups with regard to complications such as @entity293 and @entity1791 are indicated.

title: [Renal upper pole XXXX : clinical and radiological significance (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['calyceal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['calyceal obstruction']


abstract: @entity1 : Female, 60 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: @entity980 of the breast Symptoms: Lump in axilla Medication: - Clinical Procedure: Mastectomy Specialty: Oncology. OBJECTIVE: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: Primary nonepithelial malignancies of the breast include primary @entity0 , therapy-related @entity0 , the @entity5 , and primary @entity0 . They account for less than 5% of all @entity0 . CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal female diagnosed with @entity980 with @entity9962 . She was treated with modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance and postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity0 in adults is extremely rare. @entity980 in adults account for less than 3% of all adult primary soft-tissue @entity242 . Primary @entity0 usually present as large painless breast lumps with no associated skin and nipple changes or @entity3329 ; they are more aggressive and have more rapid growth than @entity5 or benign breast lesions. The @entity5 can grow to large size, around 5.8 cm. Affected @entity1 are typically @entity1 in their 50 s (ranging from 17 to 89 years), but it is also seen in @entity1 . The treatment of primary @entity0 requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Chemotherapy has no clearly defined role in primary breast or soft-tissue @entity242 . The prognosis of primary @entity0 depends on the histologic grade and size of the @entity5 . They spread locally and hematogenously, but they are not usually associated with @entity3329 .

title: @entity980 of the breast - a rare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast lymphomas', 'breast neoplasms', 'rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast', 'breast sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial malignancies', 'tumor', 'phyllodes tumors']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcomas', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed the results of a prospective, observational trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the TVT-O procedure for female SUI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included physical examination, and urinary symptom and quality of life scale questionnaires. RESULTS: Between March 2003 and December 2004, 253 @entity1 with clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of SUI who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the trial and underwent the TVT-O procedure. No significant intraoperative complications were observed. One-year minimum followup was available on 99 of the initial 102 @entity1 , of whom 16 had undergone concomitant pelvic organ prolapse surgical treatment. The SUI complete cure rate was 91%. No @entity1 had @entity6369 . Four @entity1 required tape release or section. Frequency and urge symptoms improved after the operation (p <0.001). The severity of obstructive symptoms slightly increased postoperatively in the group of @entity1 who did not undergo associated pelvic organ prolapse treatment (p <0.05), while maximum flow rates somewhat decreased (p <0.001) and post-void residual urine volumes somewhat increased (p <0.005). Most @entity1 reported a significant decrease in @entity322 severity and improvement in quality of life (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study, which suggest that the TVT-O procedure is a safe and efficient surgical treatment for female SUI, warrant further comparative evaluation of this procedure with retropubic and outside in transobturator approaches in appropriately designed, prospective, randomized trials.

title: Inside out transobturator vaginal tape for the treatment of female stress urinary XXXX : interim results of a prospective study after a 1-year minimum followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal or urethral erosion']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and thromboelastography have acquired increasing importance in @entity1 with severe @entity548 and @entity1003 . This article reviews the current opinions regarding their use, with the purpose of clarifying the ambiguities that exist in dealing with @entity130 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence encourages the early use of rFVIIa and thromboelastography in the severe @entity130 @entity1 with @entity548 , as a component of the damage control strategy. rFVIIa may decrease short-term mortality and the rate of required blood components during resuscitation, with no apparent @entity1031 . Thromboelastometry enables better and earlier recognition of the @entity1003 accompanying such @entity130 @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity131 and @entity1003 , rFVIIa may delay or even halt the need for surgery, with no proven decrease in mortality. In those who needed urgent neurosurgical intervention, rFVIIa may rapidly correct the @entity1003 , enabling earlier and safer surgical intervention. SUMMARY: Thromboelastometry may guide the medical staff when and to whom rFVIIa could be administered. Evidence also encourages the use of rFVIIa in @entity131 . More research is required to prove decreases in mortality using both thromboelastography and rFVIIa in @entity130 , with a focus on clear end points and goal-directed therapy.

title: The role of thromboelastometry and recombinant factor VIIa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['increase in thromboembolic complications']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: An up-to-eight-hour lasting anterograde @entity2730 is achieved by @entity12029 " i.v. causing no excitation before local anesthesia is given (prolongation by analgetics, anesthetics, neuroleptics). The cardiovascular functions remain stable with spontaneous @entity1353 and preservation of the swallow and coughing reflexes. During the operation the @entity1 is responsive and cooperative. The @entity1 answers all questions, moves his body into any wanted position and when ordered he performs @entity195 without any remembrane. If not spoken to and having no @entity158 he falls asleep right away. @entity1209 is reduced. The @entity1 feels relaxed after waking up. No complications have been noticed during more than 500 operations. The later questioning of all @entity1 showed only 4 @entity1 (with unsufficient preoperative sedation) who could remember part of the terminal phase of the operation.

title: [Prolongated XXXX after " @entity12029 " i.v. before local anesthesia and responsiveness during operation (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Valsalva's manoeuver"]

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: An analysis of the therapy details of 99 @entity1 receiving primary MOPP chemotherapy for @entity978 revealed that treatment modification was a frequent occurrence. The mean cumulative dose calculated as a percentage of the projected ideal dose was 76%. Dose modifications of individual components of the MOPP combination were, however, variable and in part reflected disease-related factors, e.g. @entity1 with stage 4 disease received significantly less @entity1891 than those with @entity1442 . An initial univariate analysis of factors influencing remission showed that the remission rate was significantly lower among those @entity1 who had (a) liver involvement and (b) drug doses less than 75% of the ideal cumulative dose. Among the individual drug dosages, modification of the @entity1891 dose appeared to be the most significant treatment-related factor associated with lower remission rates. In a multivariate analysis where both disease-related and treatment-related factors were taken into account drug dosage remained a significant prognostic factor. The most important factors adversely affecting initial remission were the presence of liver involvement and reduction of the drug intensity index (cumulative dose divided by cumulative time). Disease-free survival was adversely influenced mainly by the presence of B symptoms and to a lesser degree, but still significantly, by a lower cumulative @entity1891 dose. Total survival was, however, influenced adversely only by the presence of B symptoms. The quality of MOPP therapy appears to play a significant role in determining the outcome of @entity978 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with MOPP chemotherapy: effect of dose and schedule modification on treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: A number of common @entity1897 are closely linked to a @entity1581 . In a minority of @entity1 , the @entity16 represents the sentinel feature of a malignant @entity1581 , such as @entity1582 or its osteosclerotic variant, @entity195 , @entity2783 , @entity14033 or @entity706 ; the vast majority have so-called " @entity1581 of undetermined significance" ( @entity8058 ). Sensory symptoms predominate with @entity809 , numbness, imbalance, and @entity11583 . Electrodiagnostic studies show mixed demyelinating and axonal features and often may be indistinguishable from findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 . Some have a pure axonal @entity305 , and in these @entity1 the relationship to the paraprotein is less certain. With limited success, correlations have been made between the immunoglobulin type (IgM, IgG, or IgA) and the clinical and electromyographic characteristics of the @entity16 . The treatment of @entity8058 @entity16 poses a considerable challenge. Patients with IgG/IgA- @entity8058 have improved with corticosteroids or intravenous immune globulin. Only the benefit of plasma exchange has been substantiated in a controlled trial. The @entity16 tend to be more refractory but often improve with similar regimens, particularly if cytotoxic agents are added in doses sufficient to reduce the amount of the @entity10805 . In addition to plasma exchange, @entity5805 , and @entity786 , interferon-alpha is a novel therapy that holds promise for @entity1 with @entity16 associated with anti-myelin associated antibodies.

title: Clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of @entity1 with @entity305 associated with XXXX of undetermined significance ( @entity8058 ).

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia', 'monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'IgM neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Waldenstrom's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']


abstract: Surgical management of @entity5 has undergone a significant change during the past two decades. Low anterior resection (LAR) with @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is, at the moment, the "gold standard" for @entity189 of the mid or lower rectum. Because the most specific complication following rectal resection with @entity254 is symptomatic leakage, which is associated with 18% mortality rate, routine formation of a temporary stoma is suitable after sphincter-saving resection for anastomoses situated at or less than 5cm from the anal verge. Actually the preferred modes of fecal diversion following LAR with @entity348 are loop ileostomy or loop transverse colostomy. Low @entity254 , preoperative radiation or chemoradiation, presence of intraoperative adverse events and male gender are independent risk factors for symptomatic @entity834 . A defunctioning loop ileostomy or the classical "protective" colostomy requires subsequent reconstructive surgery with a significant postoperative morbidity. For these reasons we use an alternative to protect a high risk @entity254 with fashioning a proximal intraabdominal closed loop ileostomy called "virtual ileostomy". In a seven-year period from 1999 to 2005 a total of 107 @entity1 underwent elective anterior resection of the rectum for @entity189 , in all cases was fashioned a virtual ileostomy. The incidence of symptomatic clinically evident @entity834 was 13%; in all the cases (14 pts) the closed loop ileostomy was opened with a reduction of the originally planned number of ileostomies by over 80%. The procedure is easy to perform and well accepted by the @entity1 . It avoids a second operation.

title: Virtual ileostomy following @entity348 and primary sphincter-saving reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since the initial description of the @entity19278 , @entity154 have been associated with this rare entity. Urinary tract dilatation and @entity1494 , usually in the form of a large, @entity1494 , are coexisting features of this syndrome that are commonly believed to be secondary to high urine output in @entity2010 . The presentation and nature of the urological manifestations of this syndrome remain controversial due to the lack of large series in the literature. We evaluated the urological manifestations of this rare syndrome. To our knowledge we report the largest series of @entity1 (14) with the @entity19278 who underwent a complete urological evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 and 6 @entity1 with a mean age of 13.4 years underwent upper tract imaging and a video urodynamic investigation. A multidisciplinary consultation was obtained to investigate all components of the syndrome. RESULTS: Upper tract dilatation was present in 11 @entity1 . Urodynamics revealed a normal bladder in only 1 @entity1 , who also had severe @entity3041 . Seven @entity1 had a low capacity, high pressure bladder, while 6 had an @entity1494 . The type of @entity1494 did not correlate with time since the onset of @entity6 or @entity2010 , or the severity of @entity3041 . Three @entity1 with @entity1690 also had a @entity1494 . CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to some earlier reports, our findings suggest that @entity1494 does not always present as a large @entity1494 in the @entity19278 . A low capacity, high pressure bladder with @entity1690 is also common. The presence and duration of other syndrome manifestations do not correlate with the type of @entity1494 , suggesting that @entity1494 may also be a primary rather than secondary component of the syndrome.

title: Urological manifestations of the @entity19278 : observations in 14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['various anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincteric dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction', 'hyperreflexic bladder', 'atonic bladder']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['Wolfram syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']