abstract: AIM: Investigation of the frequency of various solid focal @entity409 (SFLL) in noncirrhotic and cirrhotic livers with focus on the frequency of @entity3 in cirrhotic livers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The @entity1 collective in the DEGUM multicenter study (n=1349) was reevaluated and divided in subcollective A without (n=1067) and B with @entity82 (n=282). 74.6% of the various @entity5 entities were confirmed histologically (n=1006). RESULTS: In subcollective A there were 385 @entity1 with @entity3 (36.4%) and 65 with @entity157 (6.1%), whereas the most common benign lesions were @entity2695 , with 237 cases (22.4%) and FNH, with 170 cases (16.1%). In subcollective B there were 216 cases of @entity157 (76.6%) and 12 @entity3 (4.3%), as well as 42 benign lesions (14.9%). CCC was rare in both subcollective A (3.3%) and subcollective B (2.5%). A positive oncological history increased the probability of a malignant SFLL in subcollective A by 1.8 times, but did not do so in subcollective B. CONCLUSION: The frequency of various @entity5 entities is different in @entity1 with and without @entity1575 . In noncirrhotic livers, malignant and benign SFLL are equally common. The most common forms are @entity3 , @entity2695 and FNH, CCC is rare. A positive history of extrahepatic malignancy increases the probability of a malignant SFLL. In @entity82 , @entity157 dominates, @entity157 is 18 times as common as @entity3 . Benign SFLL and CCC are rare.

title: Frequency of XXXX entities among liver tumors of unclear etiology initially detected by sonography in the noncirrhotic or cirrhotic livers of 1349 @entity1 . Results of the DEGUM multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is fast becoming a major public health concern, coincident with the increasing prevalence of @entity28 . Although lifestyle greatly influences development of @entity1561 , the specific dietary causes remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a diet high in rapidly absorbed @entity1735 (RAC) vs. slowly absorbed @entity1735 (SAC), controlled for confounding dietary factors, causes @entity1561 in @entity19 with similar body weight. An animal model was chosen because of logistical and ethical challenges to conducting this study in @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Male 129SvPas @entity19 were fed diets high in either RAC (amylopectin; high glycemic index) or SAC (amylose; low glycemic index) for 25 weeks. Diets were controlled for macronutrient and micronutrient content, differing only in starch type. Body weight and composition were measured throughout the study. Hepatic and plasma @entity1674 concentrations were quantified at the end of the study. RESULTS: Body weight was not significantly different between the two groups. However, total body adiposity increased twice as much, in absolute terms, in the @entity19 fed RAC vs. SAC (12.2 +/- 2.9% vs. 6.1 +/- 4.2%, p < 0.0001). Hepatic @entity1674 content was 2-fold greater in the RAC group (20.7 +/- 9.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 4.9 mg/g, p = 0.01). In addition, plasma insulin and @entity1674 concentrations were higher in the RAC group. DISCUSSION: A diet high in RAC causes accumulation of fat in liver, adipose tissue, and plasma in @entity19 . Therefore, a low glycemic index diet may help prevent or treat @entity1561 in @entity1 .

title: Hepatic steatosis and increased adiposity in XXXX consuming rapidly vs. slowly absorbed @entity1735 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Familial occurrence of @entity9475 is well known, but the simultaneous occurrence of @entity1371 / @entity1272 and @entity4850 in one family has not been described. We present the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of a family, in which 7 members were affected by disease. METHODS: A total of 43 members of the family could be interviewed concerning their general health, past @entity2720 . Serum @entity972 and @entity1760 were determined in all and radiographic studies were performed in those who had @entity1371 and @entity1272 or those with merely articular complaints. Urinary excretion of @entity972 , @entity1760 and @entity460 were determined in the affected @entity1 . RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were found with @entity1371 and @entity1272 . Urinary @entity972 and @entity1760 excretion was inappropriately high when compared to the serum levels of these electrolytes. All @entity1 had @entity8269 and extensive @entity4850 , mainly in the knees, elbows and shoulders. In one @entity1 , most probably as a result of @entity1760 supplementation, a striking @entity4850 was observed during a followup of 10 years. CONCLUSION: A family with @entity20459 / @entity1272 and @entity4850 is described. The @entity4850 , after years of @entity1760 supplementation in one @entity1 , suggests that @entity1272 is an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity4850 in these @entity1 .

title: @entity20459 / XXXX and @entity4850 .

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ["Bartter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity20459 :: ('MESH:C562654', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity8269 :: ('MESH:C564578', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalciuria']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['diseases and joint complaints']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of chondrocalcinosis', 'chondrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1272 :: (MESH:C537153,Disease) :: ['hypomagnesemia']


abstract: The effects of @entity1246 antagonists on @entity3826 - and @entity4088 -induced rotational behaviour were studied with models combining intracerebral and systemic pharmacological treatments. Whether given systemically or intrastriatally to @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 , the @entity1246 antagonist @entity5094 inhibited the rotational responses produced by s.c. administration of the @entity935 (DA) D-1/D-2 agonist @entity3826 while it enhanced the rotational behaviour produced by the DA D-2 agonist @entity4088 . Following unilateral injection of @entity5094 or @entity1027 into the striatum of naive @entity35 , @entity3826 produced @entity717 , while @entity4088 produced @entity717 . These contrasting effects are compared to the behavioural responses produced by intracerebral administration of GABAergic drugs alone. Intrapallidal injection of @entity5094 produced contralateral rotational behaviour which was independent of pallido-nigral pathways. @entity717 was also produced by @entity1246 agonists, but only following intranigral injections. The results are discussed in terms of differences in the localization of @entity14616 receptors on striatal GABAergic neurons. The DA D-2 receptor agonist @entity4088 may induce inhibition of striato-pallidal GABAergic neurons, as well as of a local GABAergic circuit exerting inhibition on a striato--pallidal enkephalinergic pathway. However, the DA D-1/D-2 receptor agonist @entity3826 may inhibit striatal interneurons exerting inhibition on a striato-nigral GABAergic projection. Such a neuronal arrangement may explain that striatal DA stimulation increases @entity1246 release from the striato-nigral terminals.

title: The XXXX -gamma aminobutyric acid interaction in the striatum of the @entity35 is differently regulated by @entity935 D-1 and D-2 types of receptor: evidence obtained with rotational behavioural experiments.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Contralateral rotation', 'ispsilateral rotation', 'contralateral rotation']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy for chronic laryngo- @entity7551 treated with lifestyle modification. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Double-blind, randomized trial comparing two-month @entity7619 (20 mg b.i.d.) to placebo control. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, both PPI and control @entity1 had significant improvement in @entity304 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.03 respectively), with significant improvement in "laryngo-pharyngeal" but not "typical" reflux symptoms. No significant difference was noted for change in reflux symptoms between PPI-treated and control @entity1 (P = 0.44). Significant global improvement was noted by 50% of control and 53% of PPI-treated @entity1 (P = 1.0). No significant differences were noted within or between treatment groups for change in health status or videostrobolaryngoscopy grade. Lifestyle modification compliance correlated significantly with global improvement. CONCLUSION: Compared to baseline, lifestyle modification for 2 months significantly improved chronic laryngo- @entity7551 symptoms. When compared to control, treatment with a PPI failed to demonstrate significantly greater improvement in reflux symptoms, health status, or laryngeal appearance.

title: Proton pump inhibitor therapy for chronic laryngo- XXXX : a randomized placebo-control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['total reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['Rabeprazole']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term outcomes in @entity1 with stage IE and IIE mucosa-associated @entity1074 treated with involved field radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Between 1989 and 2004, 192 @entity1 with stage I and II @entity1074 were treated. The report focuses on 167 @entity1 who received RT. The median age of @entity1 was 58 years with a female predominance (2:1). Presenting sites were as follows: orbital adnexa in 71 @entity1 , salivary glands in 28 @entity1 , stomach in 25 @entity1 , thyroid in 21 @entity1 , and other sites in 22 @entity1 . The median dose to nonorbital sites was 30 grays (Gy) (range, 17.5-35 Gy) and was 25 Gy for the orbit (range, 25-35 Gy). The median follow-up was 7.4 years (range, 0.67-16.20 years). RESULTS: Complete response and complete response, unconfirmed (CR/CRu) was noted in 166 (99%) @entity1 . The 10-year recurrence-free rate (RFR) was 76%, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 68%, the overall survival (OS) rate was 87%, and the cause-specific survival rate was 98%. According to presenting site, the 10-year RFR was 95% for thyroid, 92% for stomach, 68% for salivary glands, and 67% for orbit. @entity1 with thyroid and gastric MALTs had better outcome compared with @entity1 with MALTs diagnosed at other sites (P=.004). Among those @entity1 who achieved CR, 19% developed disease recurrence (n=31), chiefly in distant sites or untreated contralateral-paired organs. At the time of disease recurrence, 7 @entity1 (23%) had transformed to diffuse large @entity1892 , 2 of whom died of @entity706 . The 5-year OS rate after treatment failure was 83%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with localized @entity1074 are reported to have excellent clinical outcome after moderate-dose RT, and some are likely cured. In the current study, thyroid and gastric MALTs were found to have significantly less risk of distant recurrence. Despite disease recurrence, the overall survival remains excellent in these @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcome in localized extranodal mucosa-associated XXXX treated with radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the utility of @entity10211 oral rinses as a method of chemoprevention for recurrent @entity1544 (SCC), @entity2735 , and @entity1141 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: One hundred forty-three @entity1 were initially enrolled in the study; however, 18 were excluded due to inability to tolerate therapy. The included @entity1 were classified into four groups. Group 1 included @entity1 with multiple early stage oral @entity75 following initial resection. Group 2 included @entity1 with SCC in situ after excision. Group 3 included @entity1 with @entity5278 following initial @entity3158 laser ablation. Group 4 included @entity1 with a history of treated oral cavity SCC with new @entity75 proven to be @entity6349 . Fifty-three @entity1 in the control group did not use post-treatment @entity10211 rinses due to various reasons, whereas 72 @entity1 completed therapy. Minimum use of @entity10211 rinses was 12 months, and minimum follow-up was 24 months. During the follow-up period, all recurrences of @entity189 , in situ disease, and @entity1141 were noted and compared with a @entity16043 test of fit. A Bonferroni correction was applied to increase accuracy and strength of comparison. RESULTS: Using a Bonferroni correction, the significance threshold was 0.0125. By that cutoff, @entity10211 rinses were found to be associated with lower recurrence in groups 1 and 3 (P   =   .00014, P   =   .00002, respectively) but not in groups 2 and 4 (P   =   .4, P   =   .3846, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity10211 as chemoprophylaxis for @entity1 treated for @entity1544 , in situ disease, or @entity1141 may be beneficial in decreasing recurrence rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2016.

title: Topical oral cavity chemoprophylaxis using XXXX rinse: A 15-year experience.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia lesions', 'cavity lesions']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that beta-adrenergic blocking drugs can reverse @entity123 in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 . Thirty @entity1 with essential @entity101 and @entity4346 were studied at baseline after withdrawing all previous treatments and after 6 months of treatment with 5-20 mg of @entity2179 , a new beta-selective agent, to assess its possible action on left ventricular mass. Three @entity1 did not finish the study. Blood pressure was reduced to below 160/90 mmHg in 22 of the remaining 27 @entity1 . At the end of follow-up, the left ventricular mass (echocardiography) was reduced from 308.1 +/- 89 g to 262.3 +/- 51 g (p < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index from 165 +/- 47.4 g/m2 to 141.03 +/- 26.7 g/m2 (p < 0.001). The ratio of E wave/A wave velocity of transmitral blood flow measured by Doppler increased from 0.86 +/- 0.44 to 1.07 +/- 0.45 (p = 0.005). Peak filling rate, derived from nuclear ventriculography, changed from 2.05 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec before the treatment to 2.23 +/- 0.47 EDV/sec after it (p = 0.0046). Serum lipids as well as other biochemical tests were unchanged. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction did not change, and treadmill exercise time increased from 343 +/- 125 seconds to 420 +/- 135 seconds (p = 0.002). Maximal systolic blood pressure during exercise decreased from 197.2 +/- 19.7 mmHg to 182.9 +/- 25.8 mmHg (p = 0.011). There were few side effects. We conclude that @entity2179 reduces left ventricular mass, preserves systolic function, and improves diastolic function of the left ventricle in @entity101 subjects with @entity4346 .

title: Effects of @entity2179 on XXXX in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: A total of 103 isolates of @entity796 were studied to compare the in vitro effectiveness of three @entity3405 antibiotics ( @entity3400 , @entity4967 , and @entity3401 ) when used alone and in combination with four @entity581 ( @entity2890 , @entity801 , @entity4509 , and @entity5153 ). All drugs were tested as single agents against a standard inoculum (5 X 10(5) CFU/ml). The three antipseudomonal penicillins were also tested against the isolates at a higher inoculum concentration (10(7) CFU/ml). Synergy testing was performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard method and was defined by a fractional bactericidal index of less than or equal to 0.5 and bacterial killing accomplished at antibiotic concentrations no greater than those achievable in serum. All combinations were assessed for synergy. The degree of synergy was further analyzed by dividing the isolates into groups based on their susceptibility and resistance to the individual agents in the combination. The overall effectiveness of the various @entity4028 -antipseudomonal penicillin combinations was assessed regarding their ability to kill the isolates either as single agents or through synergy. @entity3400 was the most active antipseudomonal @entity114 , and @entity2890 and @entity4509 were the most active @entity581 when used as single agents. When tested against isolates at a higher inoculum concentration, @entity4967 was significantly more active than the other @entity7660 . The highest degree of overall synergy was noted with @entity801 - @entity4967 (78.2% of strains) and @entity4509 - @entity3400 (77% of strains). When assessed for overall effectiveness, all combinations containing @entity4509 were the most active. The combination of @entity4509 - @entity3400 was the most effective, with activity against 96% of all isolates.

title: In vitro activity of @entity3400 , @entity4967 , and @entity3401 alone and in combination with @entity581 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3401 :: ('MESH:D008802', 'Chemical') :: ['mezlocillin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin', 'piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists regarding the best endovascular treatment strategy for @entity1 with symptomatic disease of the superficial femoral artery. There are conflicting data regarding the benefits of superficial femoral artery stenting and the role of primary stenting compared with balloon angioplasty with provisional stent implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 206 @entity1 from 24 centers in the United States and Europe with obstructive lesions of the superficial femoral artery and proximal popliteal artery and intermittent claudication were randomized to implantation of @entity5648 stents or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The mean total lesion length was 71 mm for the stent group and 64 mm for the angioplasty group. Acute lesion success (<30%residual stenosis) was superior for the stent group compared with the angioplasty group (95.8% versus 83.9%; P<0.01). Twenty-nine (40.3%) @entity1 in the angioplasty group underwent bailout stenting because of a suboptimal angiographic result or flow-limiting dissection. Bailout stenting was treated as a @entity75 revascularization and loss of primary patency in the final analysis. At 12 months, freedom from @entity75 revascularization was 87.3% for the stent group compared with 45.1% for the angioplasty group (P<0.0001). Duplex ultrasound-derived primary patency at 12 months was better for the stent group (81.3% versus 36.7%; P<0.0001). Through 12 months, @entity174 occurred in 3.1% of stents implanted. No stent @entity174 resulted in loss of patency or @entity75 revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter trial, primary implantation of a self-expanding @entity5648 stent for moderate-length lesions in the superficial femoral artery and proximal popliteal artery was associated with better acute angiographic results and improved patency compared with balloon angioplasty alone. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00673985.

title: XXXX stent implantation versus balloon angioplasty for lesions in the superficial femoral artery and proximal popliteal artery: twelve-month results from the RESILIENT randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['Nitinol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postpartum @entity2333 is one of the many @entity16 seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Management of these @entity1 consists of optimal blood pressure control, and general supportive critical care. We present a case of @entity2553 , which improved with intra-arterial @entity3360 . This brief report addresses the utility of interventional management in cases of postpartum @entity2333 . CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old female presented 1 week after cesarean delivery with altered mental status, endotracheal intubation for airway protection, @entity882 , and @entity6805 . Cerebral angiogram revealed anterior and posterior circulation @entity2553 , which responded to repeated selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 . This treatment coupled with optimal blood pressure control resulted in complete recovery. DISCUSSION: Our case report highlights the importance of cerebral angiography for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 . Although @entity3360 is used in @entity1 with @entity510 for the treatment of @entity2553 , this agent has the potential to be used in @entity1 with @entity2553 due to other etiologies. SUMMARY: Intra-arterial @entity3360 is one of the therapeutic measures available to physicians in the management of @entity1 with @entity2553 . In @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 , early cerebral angiography should be considered to quantify and treat @entity2553 with either angioplasty or selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 .

title: Intra-arterial @entity3360 for the treatment of XXXX in postpartum @entity2333 : a case study and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: @entity2794 is common in the elderly, but there is little specific research on the impact on quality of life of @entity10 and beliefs about @entity158 in this age group. This study investigated the influence of @entity10 type as well as @entity10 frequency (> or =15 @entity10 days/month vs. <15 @entity10 days/month) on quality of life and determined the relationships between elder's well-being, @entity158 beliefs and related @entity10 features including commonly reported @entity4048 . 118 @entity10 subjects and 44 non- @entity10 controls, aged 60-75 years, were recruited from the community. Subjects completed a @entity10 questionnaire for classification purposes, the SF-36, the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-S), the Survey of @entity158 Attitudes (SOPA-35) and the @entity717 ( @entity717 ). The results revealed that elders with @entity10 compared to the control group scored lower on most SF-36 domains, higher on the GDS-S (p < 0.05) and comparably on the SOPA-35 (p > 0.05), noting that the GDS score was below the threshold value for @entity308 . These measures were not different between the @entity10 types but were influenced by @entity10 frequency. Subjects with @entity10 > or =15 days/month scored lowest on SF-36 domains and highest on GDS-S questionnaire compared to those with @entity10 <15 days/month and controls (all p < 0.05). The mean @entity717 score in the @entity10 subjects indicated the presence of mild to moderate @entity4048 and disability. There were no strong relationships between well-being and @entity10 frequency, intensity and length of @entity10 history. The @entity717 score had the greatest influence on physical well-being and GDS-S score on mental well-being (p < 0.001). The results suggest that frequency of @entity10 has an impact on health-related quality of life in elders. Notably, the level of @entity4048 and disability is an important factor influencing well-being and may warrant attention in the management of elders with @entity2794 .

title: Psychological, cognitive and quality of life features in the elderly with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache', 'Chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: Specific binding of glucagon-like peptide ( @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 was detected in several @entity35 brain areas, with the highest values being found in hypothalamic nuclei and the nucleus of the solitary tract. In @entity2339 and brainstem homogenate binding of 125I- @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 was time, temperature, and protein content dependent and was inhibited by unlabeled proglucagon-derived peptides. The rank order of potency was @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 > @entity15212 (1-36) @entity6346 > @entity15212 (1-37) approximately equal to @entity18586 > glucagon. Scatchard analysis of the steady-state binding data was consistent with the presence of both high- and low-affinity binding sites in @entity2339 and brainstem. Brain 125I- @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 -binding protein complexes were covalently cross-linked using @entity17672 and analyzed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. A single radiolabeled band of M(r) 56,000 identified in both @entity2339 and brainstem homogenates was unaffected by reducing agents. An excess of unlabeled @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 abolished the band labeling, whereas glucagon had no effect. Other unlabeled GLPs inhibited M(r) 56,000 complex labeling with the following order of potency: @entity15212 (1-36) @entity6346 > @entity15212 (1-37) > @entity18586 . The binding of 125I- @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 and the intensity of the cross-linked band were similarly inhibited in a dose-response manner by increasing concentrations of unlabeled @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 . Covalent M(r) 56,000 125I- @entity15212 (7-36) @entity6346 -binding protein complexes solubilized by Triton X-100 were adsorbed onto @entity3505 germ agglutinin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Structural characterization by affinity cross-linking of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) @entity6346 receptor in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity17672 :: ('MESH:C019358', 'Chemical') :: ['disuccinimidyl suberate']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Eosinophils and their products are important in the pathophysiology of @entity32 in mucosal tissues. Secretory component bound to IgA mediates transepithelial transport of IgA and confers increased stability on the resultant secretory IgA; however, the effect of secretory component on the biologic activity of IgA is unknown. Here, we report that secretory IgA and secretory component preferentially activate @entity1 eosinophils. When eosinophils were stimulated with immobilized secretory IgA, degranulation and @entity224 production were two- to threefold greater than when stimulated with serum IgA. In contrast, neutrophils responded similarly to secretory IgA and serum IgA. Flow cytometric analysis showed that eosinophils bound to purified secretory component. The binding of 125I-labeled secretory component was inhibited by unlabeled secretory component or secretory IgA but not by serum IgA. @entity224 production by eosinophils stimulated with cytokines or IgG was enhanced synergistically by immobilized secretory component; secretory component showed no effect on neutrophil activation. Finally, anti- @entity1454 mAb abolished eosinophil @entity224 production stimulated with secretory IgA or secretory component but not with serum IgA, suggesting a crucial role for @entity2263 integrins in eosinophil interactions with secretory IgA or secretory component. Thus, secretory component plays important roles in activating eosinophil functions but not neutrophil functions. This preferential interaction between secretory component and eosinophils may provide a novel mechanism to regulate mucosal tissue @entity32 .

title: Interaction with secretory component stimulates effector functions of XXXX eosinophils but not of neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate visual results, @entity2516 in a series of @entity231 treated with different surgical techniques. METHODS: Retrospective review of 51 eyes with @entity231 which were surgically treated between 1989 and 2005. Eleven were unilateral @entity231 and 40 were @entity231 . Thirty-three eyes were treated with a primary @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) and 18 were @entity735 . RESULTS: The best outcomes were observed in @entity231 and in those that received early primary @entity2790 . Three eyes achieved 0.8-1, two eyes achieved 0.6-0.7. All of them were eyes with primary @entity2790 . Seventeen percent of unilateral @entity231 and 23.8% of @entity231 achieved 0.4 or better. The most serious complication was @entity227 ( @entity227 ), 27 of 51 eyes developed @entity227 . Fifty percent of eyes with primary @entity2790 and 63% of @entity735 developed @entity227 . The @entity227 developed sooner in the @entity2790 group (6.5 months on average). There was a high myopic shift in 3 eyes. There was a significantly greater myopic shift in the unilateral cases. CONCLUSIONS: The best acuities were achieved in the eyes which had been treated with early primary @entity2790 , but they had a higher rate of complications ( @entity227 ), thus requiring reoperation. Final refraction in the unilateral group was significantly more myopic than in the bilateral group.

title: [Congenital XXXX : complications and functional results according to different surgical techniques].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VAO', 'visual axis opacification']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'bilateral cataracts', 'congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error and complications']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['aphakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataracts']


abstract: Eighty-three serum specimens from 24 @entity1 infected with @entity5132 were examined for circulating Candida protein antigens with the Candida Detection System (CAND- @entity10093 ; Ramco Laboratories, Inc., Houston, Tex.). The medical records of each @entity1 were reviewed for clinical evidence of Candida colonization or disease, predisposing factors for @entity281 , underlying illness, the presence of a contaminated indwelling venous catheter, intravenous @entity2379 therapy, and outcome. Forty-nine serum specimens with antigen titers of 1:2 or less were obtained either from colonized @entity1 or at a time when disseminated disease was not yet clinically suspected. Except for five specimens from two colonized @entity1 , one with a contaminated arterial line, the other specimens with titers of 1:8 or greater (n = 14) were obtained from @entity1 who had been clinically diagnosed and treated for disseminated @entity7553 . Serum specimens with titers of 1:4 were often from @entity1 with @entity281 but were not uniformly diagnostic; in this situation additional specimens should be tested for Candida antigen titers. Only 1 of 24 serum specimens from @entity1 with no evidence of @entity5132 @entity281 had a Candida protein antigen titer of 1:8. With a 1:8 or greater titer as a criterion for dissemination, the sensitivity of the @entity10093 system was 71%, with a specificity of 98%. If the 1:8 titer for the colonized @entity1 with a contaminated arterial line is not considered a false-positive result, the @entity10093 sensitivity was 83%. The latex agglutination assay appears to be a useful, rapid, and noninvasive means of laboratory diagnosis of @entity6923 . The recovery of @entity5132 from at least three body sites may also be a useful predictor of disseminated disease.

title: Candida detection system (CAND- XXXX ) to differentiate between @entity5132 colonization and disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep-seated candidal infection']

answer: @entity10093 :: (7006,Gene) :: ['TEC']


abstract: The membrane-delimited and voltage-dependent inhibition of N-type @entity141 channels is mediated by Gbeta gamma subunits. Previously, exogenous excess @entity3006 -bound GalphaoA has been shown to dramatically attenuate the @entity1063 (NE)-mediated @entity141 current inhibition by sequestration of Gbeta gamma subunits in @entity35 superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. In the present study, we determined whether the attenuation of NE-mediated modulation is specific to GalphaoA or shared by a number of closely related (Galphatr, GalphaoB, Galphai1, @entity22684 , Galphai3, Galphaz) or unrelated (Galphas, @entity22685 , @entity22686 , Galpha16, @entity22687 , @entity22688 ) @entity17535 subunits. Individual @entity17535 subunits from different subfamilies were transiently overexpressed in SCG neurons by intranuclear injection of @entity1 expression vectors encoding the desired protein. Strikingly, all @entity17535 subunits except Galphaz nearly blocked basal facilitation and NE-mediated modulation. Likewise, @entity12180 -mediated @entity141 current inhibition, which is mediated by cholera toxin-sensitive G-protein, was also completely suppressed by a number of @entity17535 subunits overexpressed in neurons. Galphas expression produced either enhancement or attenuation of the @entity12180 -mediated modulation-an effect that seemed to depend on the expression level. The onset of the nonhydrolyzable @entity3007 analog, @entity12831 -mediated facilitation was significantly delayed by overexpression of different @entity3006 -bound @entity17535 subunits. Taken together, these data suggest that a wide variety of @entity17535 subunits are capable of forming heterotrimers with endogenous Gbeta gamma subunits mediating voltage-dependent @entity141 channel inhibition. In conclusion, coupling specificity in signal transduction is unlikely to arise as a result of restricted @entity17535 /Gbeta gamma interaction.

title: Sequestration of G-protein beta gamma subunits by different G-protein alpha subunits blocks voltage-dependent modulation of @entity141 channels in XXXX sympathetic neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ['guanylylimidodiphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) is a @entity74 that can be caused by aberrations in >80 genes. @entity5108 has heterogeneous modes of inheritance, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and @entity1112 . Over 95% of cases are dominantly inherited. In this study, we investigated whether regulation of a mutant allele by an allele-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) can alleviate the demyelinating @entity1109 phenotype of @entity5108 . We designed 19 different allele-specific siRNAs for Trembler J (Tr-J) @entity19 harboring a naturally occurring mutation ( @entity16818 ) in @entity16819 . Using a luciferase assay, we identified an siRNA that specifically and selectively reduced the expression level of the mutant allele and reversed the low viability of Schwann cells caused by mutant @entity16819 over-expression in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of the allele-specific siRNA was assessed by its intraperitoneal injection to postnatal day 6 of Tr-J @entity19 . Administration of the allele-specific siRNA to Tr-J @entity19 significantly enhanced motor function and muscle volume, as assessed by the rotarod test and magnetic resonance imaging analysis, respectively. Increases in motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potentials were also observed in the treated @entity19 . In addition, myelination, as evidenced by @entity11979 staining and electron microscopy, was @entity1930 of the @entity19 after allele-specific siRNA treatment. After validating suppression of the @entity16819 mutant allele at the mRNA level in the Schwann cells of Tr-J @entity19 , we observed increased expression levels of myelinating proteins such as @entity10927 and myelin protein zero. These data indicate that selective suppression of the @entity16819 mutant allele by non-viral delivery of siRNA alleviates the demyelinating @entity1109 phenotypes of @entity5108 in vivo, implicating allele-specific siRNA treatment as a potent therapeutic strategy for @entity74 .

title: @entity16819 mutant allele-specific siRNA alleviates demyelinating XXXX phenotype in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease', 'CMT']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathies', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity16818 :: ('p|SUB|L|16|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu16Pro']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['augmented in the sciatic nerves']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['neuropathic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity6505 ( @entity6505 ) is a phenomenon during which air is sucked into the esophagus and then rapidly expelled through the mouth. @entity1 often complain of severely impaired quality of life. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of ex-cessive @entity6505 within a high-volume gastrointestinal physiology unit, and evaluate its association with symptoms, esophageal mo-tility and @entity354 . METHODS: We established normal values for @entity6505 by analyzing 24-hour pH-impedance in 40 healthy asymptomatic volunteers. We searched 2950 consecutive @entity1 reports from our upper GI Physiology Unit (from 2010-2013) for @entity6505 . Symptoms were re-corded by a standardized questionnaire evaluating for reflux, @entity1282 , and @entity2210 symptoms. We reviewed the predom-inant symptoms, 24-hour pH-impedance and high-resolution esophageal manometry results. RESULTS: Excessive @entity6505 was defined as > 13 per 24 hours. We identified 100 @entity1 with excessive @entity6505 . Ninety-five percent of these @entity1 suffered from @entity304 , 86% reported excessive belching, and 65% reported @entity1282 . Forty-one per-cent of @entity1 with excessive @entity6505 had pathological acid reflux. Compared to the @entity1 with normal acid exposure these @entity1 trended towards a higher number of @entity6505 episodes. Forty-four percent of @entity1 had @entity2910 . @entity1 with hypomotility had a significantly higher frequency of @entity6505 compared to those with normal motility (118.3    106.1 vs 80.6    75.7, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Increased belching is rarely a symptom in isolation. Pathological acid exposure and hypomotility are associated with more @entity6505 frequency. Whether @entity6505 is a disordered response to other esophageal symptoms or their cause is unclear.

title: Supragastric Belching: Prevalence and Association With @entity354 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['typical reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity6505 :: ('MESH:D004884', 'Disease') :: ['SGB', 'Supragastric belching']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastresophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Hypomotility']


abstract: A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity5189 (FA) and @entity20467 ( @entity20468 ) on growth, survival, immune parameters, and tolerance to @entity20469 in @entity11320 . The study was divided into two experiments. In experiment 1, postlarvae-12 were randomly distributed into six groups and then fed four times daily with six experimental diets contained 0.3  % FA, 0.6  % FA, 50  ppm @entity20468 , 0.3  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 , 0.6  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 , or none of these supplements (control diet). After 60  days of the feeding trials, the body weight of all treatment groups was not significantly different from the control group, although shrimp fed @entity5189 had significantly lower body weight than shrimp fed 50  ppm @entity20468 . However, the 0.6  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 group had a significantly higher survival rate (82.33      8.32  %) than the control group (64.33      10.12  %). In experiment 2, @entity8966 was added to each tank to obtain a final concentration of 10(4) colony-forming units/mL. Each treatment group received the aforementioned diets for another 30  days. At the end of this experiment, there was no difference in the @entity1017 among all experimental groups. However, the survival rate of shrimps whose diet included FA, @entity20468 , and their combination (in the range of 45.83-67.50  %) was significantly higher than the control group (20.00      17.32  %). FA-fed shrimps also had significantly lower total intestinal bacteria and Vibrio spp. counts, while immune parameters [ @entity348 ( @entity348 ), phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity] of @entity20468 -fed groups were significantly improved compared with the other groups. In conclusion, FA, @entity20468 , and their combination are useful in shrimp aquaculture.

title: Effect of dietary @entity5189 and @entity20467 on the survival and growth of XXXX ( @entity11320 ) and their resistance to @entity8966 .

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity20467 :: ('MESH:C005948', 'Chemical') :: ['astaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['THC', 'total hemocyte count']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity20469 :: ('MESH:D014735', 'Disease') :: ['Vibrio infection']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['Pacific white shrimp']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity11320 :: (6689,Species) :: ['Pacific white shrimp']


abstract: AIMS: We reviewed outcomes in our primary prevention @entity737 ( @entity737 ) population according to whether the device was programmed with a single @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) zone or with two zones including a @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) zone in addition to a @entity2224 zone. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 137 @entity1 with primary prevention ICDs implanted at our institution between 2004 and 2006. Device programming and events during follow-up were reviewed. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, time to first shock, and incidence of shocks. RESULTS: Eighty-seven ICDs were programmed with a single @entity2224 zone (mean >193    1 beats per minute [bpm]) comprising shocks only. Fifty ICDs had two zones (mean @entity1165 zone >171    2 bpm; @entity2224 zone >205    2 bpm), comprising antitachycardia pacing (100%), shocks (96%), and @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) discriminators (98%) . Discriminator "time out" functions were disabled. Mean follow-up was 30    0.5 months and similar in both groups. All-cause mortality (12.6% and 12.0%) and time to first shock were similar. However, the two-zone group received more shocks (32.0% vs 13.8% P = 0.01). Five of 16 shocks in these @entity1 were inappropriate for @entity4710 rhythms. The single-zone group had no inappropriate shocks for SVTs. Eighteen of 21 appropriate shocks were for @entity943 at rates >200 bpm (three @entity2224 , 15 @entity1165 ). This suggests that primary prevention @entity737 @entity1 infrequently suffer @entity943 at rates <200 bpm and that @entity855 may play a role in terminating rapid VTs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with two-zone devices received more shocks without any mortality benefit.

title: Do traditional XXXX zones improve outcome in primary prevention @entity737 @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['VT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous findings have demonstrated that chronotype (morningness/intermediate/eveningness) is correlated with cognitive functions, that is, @entity1 show higher mental performance when they do a test at their preferred time of day. Empirical studies found a relationship between morningness and higher learning achievement at school and university. However, only a few of them controlled for other moderating and mediating variables. In this study, we included chronotype, gender, conscientiousness and test @entity148 in a @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) with grade point average (GPA) as @entity4207 achievement outcome. @entity1 were 158 high school students and results revealed that @entity1 and @entity1 differed in GPA and test @entity148 significantly, with @entity1 reporting better grades and higher test @entity148 . Moreover, there was a positive correlation between conscientiousness and GPA (r = 0.17) and morningness (r = 0.29), respectively, and a negative correlation between conscientiousness and test @entity148 (r = -0.22). The @entity2383 demonstrated that gender was the strongest predictor of @entity4207 achievement. Lower test @entity148 predicted higher GPA in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Additionally, chronotype as moderator revealed a significant association between gender and GPA for evening types and intermediate types, while intermediate types showed a significant relationship between test @entity148 and GPA. Our results suggest that gender is an essential predictor of @entity4207 achievement even stronger than low or absent test @entity148 . Future studies are needed to explore how gender and chronotype act together in a longitudinal panel design and how chronotype is mediated by conscientiousness in the prediction of @entity4207 achievement.

title: The role of chronotype, gender, test @entity148 , and conscientiousness in XXXX achievement of high school students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'Participants', 'girls', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation model', 'SEM']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 complained of high fever, resistant to antibiotics, and progressive loss of strength for five weeks. The peripheral blood showed @entity3043 (leucocytes 2200/microliters, platelets 45,000/microliters, haemoglobin 10.7 g/dl). There was also @entity828 , @entity1600 , @entity1143 and slight excess of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Histological examination of the bone marrow suggested a small-cell @entity784 , but @entity978 was also considered. Splenectomy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and treat the @entity3043 . The blood count rapidly returned to normal and the suggestion of @entity978 was excluded. Intensive chemotherapy (BMFT-ALL protocol) was followed by regression of nearly all the abnormalities, but marrow infiltration persisted. This treatment was discontinued after phase II of induction. After an intercurrent cytomegalovirus infection maintenance treatment with alpha-interferon (up to 5 million units daily) was started. The partial remission remained stable for 22 months. The @entity706 then relapsed but was held in check by further chemotherapy (Dexa-PAMB protocol). For the past 11 months the @entity1 has remained in stable partial remission on treatment with alpha-interferon (3 million units every other day). Frequent @entity281 ( @entity1244 , @entity294 , abscess) require close supervision.

title: [Pleomorphic XXXX . The diagnostic problems, therapeutic possibilities and infection-induced complications].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4100 Background: There is no consensus on the optimal management of locally advanced @entity788 . This open-label phase II study examined whether continuous infusion @entity1487 (CI 5FU) plus 3D conformal planning radiotherapy (RT) is well tolerated and may be combined with @entity136 (G) pre and post chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 (pts) were enrolled in 2 strata: (1) inoperable @entity788 in head or body without @entity3 ( @entity3980 ) or (2) resected @entity788 at high risk of relapse (Surg). G was given at 1000 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 wks followed by 1 wk rest then a 5-6 wk period of RT and concurrent CI @entity1487 (200 mg/m(2)/day). The defined target volume was treated to 54Gy in 30# of 1.8Gy in the @entity3980 and 45Gy in 25# in the Surg arm. After a 4-wk rest period, G was reinitiated for 12 wks. RESULTS: 64 pts are on study and results for the first 40 pts are reported (26 females, 14 males; mean age 60 yr, range 39-79; 48% PS 0, 50% @entity17109 ). Treatment was well tolerated: 3 pts are still on treatment after 2 cycles of G post RT, 19 completed all planned treatment, 13 discontinued due to disease progression, 4 withdrew and there was 1 treatment-related @entity204 . 75% of pts reported CTC grade 3/4 @entity137 . 38/40 pts completed the initial G treatment; of these, 36/38 completed RT. 5/38 pts required reduction in 5FU, 10/40 in G pre RT and 32/36 in G post RT. In the @entity3980 arm, 4.8% of pts responded and median TTPD was 6.9 mo (interquartile range (IQR) 5.9-10.3). In the 23 pts who progressed, 6 progressed locally, 14 systemically and 5 site unknown. More recent data shows 61% of @entity3980 (median 13.4 mo, IQR 10.3-18.3) and 65% of Surg pts were alive at 1 yr (median 14.2 mo, IQR 9.5-23). The change in CA 19-9 levels (but not the baseline level) was predictive of outcome. In 17 pts we found no association of outcome with fluorescent-SSCP analysis of @entity984 , 4 @entity876 mutations or MSI status. CONCLUSIONS: This approach to treatment of locally advanced disease is safe and promising with good local control for a substantial proportion of @entity1 and merits testing in a randomized trial against chemotherapy alone. [Table: see text].

title: Combined modality therapy for pancreatic carcinoma - An Australian @entity788 Group study of the addition of @entity136 to concurrent infusional XXXX and 3D conformal radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maternal and fetal effects of three anesthetic methods used randomly in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 who required cesarean delivery. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with severe @entity1468 , who were to be delivered by cesarean, were randomized to general (26 @entity1 ), epidural (27), or combined spinal-epidural (27) anesthesia. The mean preoperative blood pressure (BP) was approximately 170/110 mmHg, and all @entity1 had @entity644 . Anesthetic and obstetric management included antihypertensive drug therapy and limited intravenous (IV) fluid and drug therapy. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at delivery was 34.8 weeks. All @entity1 were born in good condition as assessed by Apgar scores and umbilical arterial blood gas determinations. @entity551 resulting from regional anesthesia was managed without excessive IV fluid administration. Similarly, maternal BP was managed without severe @entity101 effects in @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia. There were no serious @entity2241 attributable to any of the three anesthetic methods. CONCLUSION: General as well as regional anesthetic methods are equally acceptable for cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by severe @entity1468 if steps are taken to ensure a careful approach to either method.

title: Randomized comparison of general and regional anesthesia for cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal or fetal complications']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Since the @entity13333 antigen, a membrane-associated @entity68 -binding protein, has extensive @entity535 sequence with homology with @entity69 , is functionally related to the @entity69 receptor, and has been previously mapped to chromosome 3, we have performed additional studies for regional mapping of the gene expressing @entity13333 antigen. In these experiments, @entity3569 - @entity1 cell lines were chosen that contained a large spectrum of autosomal @entity1 chromosomes, but mainly consisted of clones expressing all or a part of chromosome 3. These cell lines included a clone that previously allowed for mapping of @entity1 @entity69 receptor to q22-qter region. @entity1 @entity13333 expression was assessed by specific binding of [125I]monoclonal antibody 96.5, and @entity1 @entity69 receptor expression was tested by specific [125I] @entity1 @entity69 binding and [125I]monoclonal antibody OKT-9 specific for @entity1 @entity69 receptor. Based on these analyses, both human @entity13333 antigenic expression and @entity1 @entity69 receptor are mapped concordantly to the q24-qter region. These data and previous reports, therefore, suggest that the related @entity68 -transport proteins are closely linked and may be under coordinate regulation. However, studies of several cell lines that exhibit up-regulation of @entity1 @entity69 receptor expression with cellular proliferation, and down-regulation of receptor with increased @entity69 - @entity68 in the media, showed no change in expression of @entity13333 antigen. @entity13333 antigenic expression increased when melanocyte-stimulating hormone was added to a @entity1 @entity320 cell line in tissue culture. These latter studies suggest that in @entity1 cells the two proteins do not show coordinate regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The XXXX antigen is mapped to the q24-qter region of chromosome 3; the same region as the @entity69 receptor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity13333 :: (4241,Gene) :: ['p97']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Coexistence of both an @entity438 and a @entity850 at the same internal carotid artery is infrequent, but it may complicate therapeutic management of either disease. It is unclear if a @entity850 plays any role in development of @entity438 . We study @entity1 with @entity438 at our hospital and investigate if there is a relationship between a @entity543 and an @entity438 . METHODS: Two hundred and nine @entity1 who were treated for their @entity438 in a 2-year period were reviewed. Fifty-four @entity1 were found to have at least one @entity438 and one intracranial or extracranial @entity543 . Ten of them had bilateral stenoses; 17 @entity439 were on the ipsilateral side of the @entity850 , and eight on the contralateral side. Nineteen @entity439 were elsewhere. Two cases were selected for detailed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analyses: one with an intracranial and the other with an extracranial @entity850 . RESULTS: @entity439 on the contralateral side of a @entity543 are significantly larger than those @entity439 on the ipsilateral side or with bilateral stenoses (13.6 versus 6.6 mm; P < 0.01). @entity5173 studies show that wall shear stress at the @entity439 is more likely affected by an adjacent intracranial @entity850 than by an extracranial @entity850 . CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial @entity439 contralateral to a @entity543 are significantly larger than @entity439 with a @entity543 elsewhere. Rupture can occur on @entity439 with an extracranial @entity543 on the contralateral side or with an @entity543 on the ipsilateral side.

title: Hemodynamic relationship between @entity438 and XXXX : review of clinical cases and numerical analyses.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'carotid aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'intracranial carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are constantly being exposed to damaging agents, from endogenous and exogenous sources. In particular, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are formed at high levels as by-products of the normal metabolism. Upon oxidative attack of DNA many DNA lesions are formed and oxidized bases are generated with high frequency. Mitochondrial DNA has been shown to accumulate high levels of @entity7599 , the product of hydroxylation of @entity2774 at @entity505 8, which is a mutagenic lesion. Most of these small base modifications are repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Despite the initial concept that mitochondria lack DNA repair, experimental evidences now show that mitochondria are very proficient in BER of oxidative DNA damage, and proteins necessary for this pathway have been isolated from @entity1 mitochondria. Here, we examine the BER pathway with an emphasis on mtDNA repair. The molecular mechanisms involved in the formation and removal of oxidative damage from mitochondria are discussed. The pivotal role of the @entity9552 glycosylase in removal of oxidized guanines from mtDNA will also be examined. Lastly, changes in mtDNA repair during the aging process and possible biological implications are discussed.

title: Mitochondrial DNA repair of oxidative damage in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether serum @entity414 : (1) is associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) death and/or all-cause mortality in type 2 @entity6 ; and (2) consistent with published data, predicts these outcomes in older @entity1 and those of southern European ethnicity. METHODS: We studied those 1,268 (98%) of 1,294 type 2 @entity1 in the observational Fremantle @entity6 Study who had a fasting serum @entity414 measured at baseline. Mortality data were collected over a mean (+/-SD) 10.3 +/- 3.9 years. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine independent baseline predictors of @entity65 and all-cause death including fasting serum @entity414 as a continuous variable and quartiles. RESULTS: During follow up, 525 @entity204 occurred (41.4% of the cohort) of which 271 (51.6%) were attributed to @entity65 . In univariate analyses, @entity1 in the highest @entity414 quartile had the greatest @entity65 and all-cause mortality (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001). After adjustment for significant variables in the most parsimonious model, baseline serum @entity414 was not an independent associate of @entity65 or all-cause mortality whether entered as a continuous variable (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.96-1.27] and 1.10 [95% CI 0.98-1.22] for a 0.1 mmol/l increase, respectively) or as quartiles (p > 0.10). Analyses of 638 @entity1 >65 years of age and 231 of southern European ethnicity produced similar results. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Serum @entity414 was not an independent predictor of @entity65 or all-cause mortality in our community-based type 2 patients. @entity4053 serum @entity414 concentrations do not appear to be prognostically useful in type 2 @entity6 .

title: Serum @entity414 does not predict cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in type 2 @entity6 : the Fremantle XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: A broth microdilution assay was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 antimicrobial agents for two strains of Borrelia ( @entity2069 sensu lato and one strain of @entity9893 . The method comprised BSK II medium lacking gelatin and an incubation period of 72 hours. To investigate the influence of reading mode and density of inoculum on @entity1987 values, microscopical as well as macroscopical @entity1987 reading was performed using standardized final inocula of 10(6) and 10(7) borreliae/ml. Data were processed by two-way analysis of variance. In the microdilution assay, @entity1987 values were significantly influenced either by the inoculum density or reading mode. However, using clearly defined criteria for macroscopical endpoint determination, MICs from macroscopical and microscopical reading were found to be in close agreement. @entity2069 sensu lato strains tested were highly susceptible to @entity4580 , @entity2929 , @entity3401 , @entity3400 as well as @entity2756 , with MICs ranging from < or = 0.016 to 0.125 microgram/ml. @entity9893 was highly susceptible to @entity4580 and @entity2929 . In comparison to @entity9893 , the @entity3405 antibiotics revealed a significantly higher activity and @entity801 , @entity800 , and @entity1215 revealed a significantly lower activity against @entity2069 sensu lato strains. To further investigate interactions between BSK II medium, incubation time, and antibiotic efficacy, an agar diffusion bioassay was performed. Out of seven antibiotics tested, the activities of @entity3401 , @entity3397 , and @entity3400 were significantly influenced by BSK II medium and incubation period and showed a marked decrease of on average 84.0% within 72 hours of incubation.

title: In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of XXXX : influence of test conditions on @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) values.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'B.) burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3401 :: ('MESH:D008802', 'Chemical') :: ['mezlocillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is an inexorable @entity179 that commonly occurs in the elderly. The @entity73 caused by @entity195 is associated with abnormal accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are accompanied by @entity32 . Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotential cells that differentiate into distinct neural cells. When transplanted into a diseased brain, NSCs repair and replace injured tissues after migration toward and engraftment within lesions. We investigated the therapeutic effects in an @entity195 @entity19 model of @entity1 NSCs (hNSCs) that derived from an aborted @entity1 fetal telencephalon at 13  weeks of gestation. Cells were transplanted into the cerebral lateral ventricles of neuron-specific enolase promoter-controlled APPsw-expressing (NSE/APPsw) @entity19 at 13  months of age. RESULTS: Implanted cells extensively migrated and engrafted, and some differentiated into neuronal and glial cells, although most hNSCs remained immature. The hNSC transplantation improved spatial memory in these @entity19 , which also showed decreased tau phosphorylation and Ab42 levels and attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis. The hNSC transplantation reduced tau phosphorylation via @entity2250 -dependent @entity584 / @entity9459 signaling, down-regulated Ab production through an @entity584 / @entity9459 signaling-mediated decrease in @entity6705 , and decreased expression of inflammatory mediators through deactivation of microglia that was mediated by cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory factors generated from hNSCs, or both. The hNSC transplantation also facilitated synaptic plasticity and anti-apoptotic function via trophic supplies. Furthermore, the safety and feasibility of hNSC transplantation are supported. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the hNSC transplantation modulates diverse @entity195 pathologies and rescue impaired memory via multiple mechanisms in an @entity195 model. Thus, our data provide tangible preclinical evidence that @entity1 NSC transplantation could be a safe and versatile approach for treating @entity195 @entity1 .

title: XXXX neural stem cells alleviate Alzheimer-like pathology in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most data on de-escalation of empirical antimicrobial therapy has focused on ventilator-associated @entity55 . In this retrospective monocentric study, we evaluated de-escalation as part of a global strategy of empiric antibiotherapy management irrespective of the location and the severity of the @entity281 . The goal of this trial was to assess the application of a de-escalation strategy and the impact in terms of re-escalation, recurrent @entity281 and to identify variables associated with de-escalation. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 treated with empiric antibiotic therapy and hospitalized in the intensive care unit for at least 72 hours within a period of 16 months were included. We compared the characteristics and outcome of @entity1 who have experienced de-escalation therapy with those who have not. RESULTS: A total of 116 @entity1 were studied corresponding to 133 @entity281 . Antibiotic therapy was de-escalated in 60 cases (45%). @entity1052 , primarily accomplished by a reduction in the number of antibiotics used, was observed in 52% of severe @entity295 or @entity326 @entity1 . Adequate empiric antibiotic and use of @entity4028 were independently linked with de-escalation. @entity1052 therapy was associated with a significant reduction of recurrent @entity281 (19% vs 5% P = 0.01). Mortality was not changed by de-escalation. CONCLUSIONS: As part of a global management of empiric antibiotherapy in an intensive care unit, de-escalation might be safe and feasible in a large proportion of @entity1 .

title: XXXX as part of a global strategy of empiric antibiotherapy management. A retrospective study in a medico-surgical intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ['De-escalation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1052 :: (MESH:D005862,Disease) :: ['De-escalation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 has a poor prognosis. The benefit of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both as a palliative treatment of advanced or @entity66 is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in the management of @entity788 in @entity1 with inoperable advanced disease. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), which includes the Cochrane Upper Gastrointestinal and @entity660 (UGPD) Group Trials Register (The Cochrane Library 2005, Issue 1); CANCERLIT (1975-2002); MEDLINE (1966 to January 2005); and EMBASE (1980 to January 2005). We handsearched reference lists from trials revealed by electronic searches to identify further relevant trials. We searched published abstracts from relevant conference proceedings. We contacted colleagues and experts in the field, and asked them to provide details of outstanding clinical trials and any relevant unpublished materials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (single- or double-blind) in @entity1 with advanced inoperable @entity788 , in which one of the intervention types (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) was contrasted with either placebo or another type of intervention. Studies comparing non-chemotherapy agents such as biological agents, hormones, immunostimulants, vaccines and cytokines were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were assessed for eligibility and quality. Data were extracted by groups of two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Study authors were contacted for more information. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty trials (7043 @entity1 ) were included. Chemotherapy significantly reduced the one-year mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.57, P value < 0.00001) when compared to best supportive care. Also, chemoradiation improved one year survival (0% versus 58%, P value 0.001) when compared to best supportive care. There was no significant difference in one-year mortality for 5FU alone versus 5FU combinations (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.30); single-agent chemotherapy versus @entity136 (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.02, P value 0.17); or @entity136 alone versus @entity136 combinations (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.05). However, subgroup analysis showed that @entity902 - @entity136 combinations reduced six-month mortality compared to @entity136 alone (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81, P value 0.001). A qualitative overview suggested that chemoradiation produced better survivals than either best supportive care or radiotherapy. Chemoradiation treatment was associated with more @entity137 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy appears to prolong survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 and can confer clinical benefits and improve quality of life. Combination chemotherapy did not improve overall survival compared to single-agent chemotherapy. @entity136 is an acceptable control arm for future trials investigating scheduling and combinations with novel agents. There is insufficient evidence to recommend chemoradiation in @entity1 with locally advanced inoperable @entity788 as a superior alternative to chemotherapy alone.

title: WITHDRAWN: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for inoperable advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity5189 (FA) and @entity20467 ( @entity20468 ) on growth, survival, immune parameters, and tolerance to @entity20469 in @entity11320 . The study was divided into two experiments. In experiment 1, postlarvae-12 were randomly distributed into six groups and then fed four times daily with six experimental diets contained 0.3  % FA, 0.6  % FA, 50  ppm @entity20468 , 0.3  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 , 0.6  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 , or none of these supplements (control diet). After 60  days of the feeding trials, the body weight of all treatment groups was not significantly different from the control group, although shrimp fed @entity5189 had significantly lower body weight than shrimp fed 50  ppm @entity20468 . However, the 0.6  % FA  +  50  ppm @entity20468 group had a significantly higher survival rate (82.33      8.32  %) than the control group (64.33      10.12  %). In experiment 2, @entity8966 was added to each tank to obtain a final concentration of 10(4) colony-forming units/mL. Each treatment group received the aforementioned diets for another 30  days. At the end of this experiment, there was no difference in the @entity1017 among all experimental groups. However, the survival rate of shrimps whose diet included FA, @entity20468 , and their combination (in the range of 45.83-67.50  %) was significantly higher than the control group (20.00      17.32  %). FA-fed shrimps also had significantly lower total intestinal bacteria and Vibrio spp. counts, while immune parameters [ @entity348 ( @entity348 ), phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity] of @entity20468 -fed groups were significantly improved compared with the other groups. In conclusion, FA, @entity20468 , and their combination are useful in shrimp aquaculture.

title: Effect of dietary XXXX and @entity20467 on the survival and growth of @entity11320 ( @entity11320 ) and their resistance to @entity8966 .

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity20467 :: ('MESH:C005948', 'Chemical') :: ['astaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['THC', 'total hemocyte count']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity20469 :: ('MESH:D014735', 'Disease') :: ['Vibrio infection']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['Pacific white shrimp']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity5189 :: (MESH:C030544,Chemical) :: ['formic acid']


abstract: @entity55 is the second most frequent @entity580 and the first in terms of morbidity, mortality, and cost. In recent years, international societies and, most recently, the American @entity1514 jointly with the @entity166 Society of America, have developed guidelines for the management of @entity55 , health care-associated @entity55 , and @entity2489 . These guidelines include recommendations for risk stratification, initial and definitive antibiotic treatment, and prevention. The validation of these guidelines is important because it confirms that they can be used in clinical practice, as quality indicators, and as a standard of care. Several processes can be validated and are included in the guidelines, such as the accuracy of the prediction of microorganisms according to stratification criteria and the impact of guidelines on outcomes, including length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, complications, and in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Clinical studies have shown that the accuracy of predicting microorganisms according to risk stratification is reliable ( approximately 80% and approximately 90%). Three studies suggest that the implementation of guidelines, with a special emphasis on antibiotic treatment, improves several parameters of outcome. Only one study, using a before-and-after design, showed a decrease in 14-day mortality after guidelines implementation. A key issue for these studies is to modify recommendations according to local patterns of microbiology and drug resistance. In summary, implementation of guidelines for the management of @entity55 and @entity2489 decreases the rate of initial inappropriate antibiotic treatment and decreased 14-day mortality in a study. More clinical studies to validate the influence of guidelines on outcome are warranted.

title: Treatment guidelines and outcomes of hospital-acquired and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Hospital-acquired pneumonia', 'hospital-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic Society']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Disease']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: In this study the regulation of squamous cell differentiation in several @entity35 esophageal epithelial cell lines is examined. Nontumorigenic RE-149 cells undergo a program of squamous cell differentiation at confluence. This program of differentiation is influenced by the concentration of @entity460 in the medium and by the presence of @entity1968 . High @entity460 concentration stimulates terminal cell division, as indicated by a reduction in colony-forming efficiency, and increases the expression of the differentiated phenotype as indicated by an increase in @entity4554 accumulation and cross-linked envelope formation. @entity1968 inhibits squamous cell differentiation as both @entity4554 accumulation and cross-linked envelope formation are reduced. Two tumorigenic cell lines, RE-B2 and RE-2BT, do not undergo squamous cell differentiation in vitro. High @entity460 concentration in the medium did not significantly reduce colony-forming efficiency or induce cross-linked envelope formation. High @entity460 concentration or @entity1968 had only a limited effect on the accumulation of @entity4554 . RE-B2T cells exhibit high levels of @entity4554 and @entity165 sulfotransferase activity. These levels appear no longer controlled by @entity460 or @entity1968 , indicating that the synthesis of @entity4554 occurs in a constitutive manner. The altered responses of RE-2B and B2T cells to @entity460 and @entity1968 suggest that these malignant cells have acquired one or more defects in the control of differentiation.

title: @entity4554 accumulation in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic XXXX esophageal epithelial cells: evidence for defective differentiation control in tumorigenic cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4554 :: ('MESH:C007045', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'Retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which @entity170 is given to corticosteroid treated hospital inpatients. METHODS: All @entity1 receiving systemic @entity288 in a large teaching hospital over a three month period were identified through routine prescription monitoring by hospital ward pharmacists. Coprescription of antiosteoporotic therapy was recorded, along with other relevant details such as @entity134 dose, actual, or intended duration of therapy, and indication for therapy. RESULTS: @entity288 were prescribed to 214 @entity1 over the study period, giving an average rate of 2.5 new prescriptions each day. Indications included: @entity764 (n = 84; 39.2%), @entity5 (n = 17; 7.9%), @entity29 (n = 16; 7.5%), @entity309 /connective tissue disease (n = 16; 7.5%), and @entity8 (n = 7; 3.3%). One hundred and twelve @entity1 (52.3%) were receiving short term @entity134 therapy (less than four months); 66 (37%) were receiving medium/long term @entity134 therapy (four months or more). In 36 cases (16.8%) the duration of therapy was unknown. Only 12 of the 214 @entity1 (5.6%) received any form of @entity170 . The prevalence of prophylaxis was similarly low in postmenopausal @entity1 (six of 93; 6.4%) and in @entity1 receiving high dose long term @entity134 therapy (two of 25; 8%). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic corticosteroids are used frequently in hospital practice for a wide range of indications, but few @entity1 receive co-prescription of prophylaxis against @entity170 . This is true even in high risk groups such as postmenopausal @entity1 and those on high dose long term @entity134 therapy. Identification of individuals by the mechanism used in this study provides an opportunity by which all corticosteroid treated @entity1 could be detected and offered @entity170 before serious loss of bone density has occurred.

title: @entity134 induced XXXX : an opportunity for prevention?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The olivocochlear lateral efferent system (OLES) of the adult @entity1 cochlea uses variety of neuroactive substances, such as @entity934 , @entity1246 , @entity935 (DA), enkephalins, dynorphins and @entity10132 . These neuroactive substances have been located within the efferent, small and dense matrix, fibers and terminals of the inner spiral and tunnel bundles. However, some of these neuroactive substances have also been found outside the OLES. @entity934 and @entity10132 , for instance, appear within the olivocochlear medial efferent fibers, and DA and @entity10132 may also be present in the perivascular innervation. A special case is @entity1246 innervation at the apical coil, where nerve fibers containing @entity1246 also make synapses with OHCs bodies. All these substances of the OLES could be involved in a highly selective filter modulating the activity of primary afferent fibers. For instance, sound stimulation results in an increase of cochlear DA turnover, indicating the release of DA from OLES fibers. DA probably acts on D-2 receptors since the administration of @entity23150 , a D-2 agonist, results in blocking of noise effects, while D-1 receptor stimulation does not modify cochlear DA turnover induced by noise. Therefore, DA could play an important role in the modulation and noise-protection of cochlear primary afferents. During cochlear development, all the aforementioned neuroactive substances appear a long time before the onset of hearing (evidenced by the recording of cochlear compound action potential and microphonic potentials). Thus, they may act during development on the late reorganization and plasticity on the afferent and efferent fibers. Moreover, the positive neurotrophic effect observed in cultured cochlear neurons, with @entity1246 or @entity2227 , add new support to that hypothesis.

title: Neurotransmitters of the olivocochlear lateral efferent system: with an emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['piribedil']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl choline', 'Acetyl choline']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs such as @entity2049 , @entity3174 , @entity7353 , @entity2051 do not allow oral contraceptives. The pregnancy must be planned. Every @entity1 in childbearing age should be informed by her practitioner. The rule is to optimize the antiepileptic treatment before the pregnancy: less drugs, less dosages. This optimization will depend on the @entity302 and the nature of the treatment. @entity1092 of @entity1372 should be avoided, if possible, during pregnancy. Preconceptional supplementation by @entity1501 should be considered. Antiepileptic drugs monitoring is required during pregnancy. Natural delivery with peridural anaesthesiology is mandatory. The breast feeding must be considered individually.

title: [Specificities of the @entity302 XXXX (oral contraceptives, pregnancy)].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity7353 :: ('MESH:D001463', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturates']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disequilibrium of @entity630 / @entity61 is known as an important cause of @entity56 with a biased @entity61 type response. It has been shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration during post-sensitization modified the inflammation of @entity565 via upregulating the @entity630 response that decrease the @entity61 immunity. We would like to know if, during pre-sensitization, the elevated @entity630 response is necessary for LPS exposure to modify the @entity748 response. METHODS: During pre- or post-sensitization, 40 microg LPS were intraperitoneal injected (i.p.) to @entity748 @entity19 sensitized and challenged by @entity8786 (D. farinea). @entity32 was assessed by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the number and identity of cells and by cytokine titers measured by ELISA. Semi-quantified RT-PCR was used to evaluate the level of @entity1990 ( @entity1990 ) mRNA in dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow (BMDCs). RESULTS: These investigations demonstrated that LPS exposure during pre-sensitization inhibited the @entity61 cytokine and inflammatory infiltration, the same as with LPS exposure during post-sensitization in @entity56 @entity19 . Contrary to post-sensitization LPS exposure, the @entity630 cytokines were not upregulated by pre-sensitization with LPS. Finally, the study failed to show any significant difference between @entity1990 mRNA expressed in BMDCs with the two times of LPS exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that elevated @entity630 immunity is not required for the modification of the @entity61 response induced by LPS exposure during pre-sensitization in @entity748 @entity19 and that pre-sensitization differs from post-sensitization. Immune modulation with treatment is independent of @entity1990 expression in BMDCs. This study implicates a potential way to protect from @entity56 and an inflammatory response.

title: XXXX immunity is not required for the effect of lipopolysaccharide exposure on modifying @entity748 responses of @entity19 before sensitization.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: After @entity1566 , transected axons fail to regenerate, yet significant, spontaneous functional improvement can be observed over time. Distinct central nervous system regions retain the capacity to generate new neurons and glia from an endogenous pool of progenitor cells and to compensate neural cell loss following certain lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether endogenous cell replacement (neurogenesis or gliogenesis) in the brain (subventricular zone, SVZ; corpus callosum, CC; hippocampus, HC; and motor cortex, MC) or cervical spinal cord might represent a structural correlate for spontaneous locomotor recovery after a thoracic @entity1566 . Adult Fischer 344 @entity35 received severe contusion injuries (200 kDyn) of the mid-thoracic spinal cord using an Infinite Horizon Impactor. Uninjured @entity35 served as controls. From 4 to 14 days @entity130 , both groups received injections of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) to label dividing cells. Over the course of six weeks @entity130 , spontaneous @entity717 occurred. Survival of newly generated cells was unaltered in the SVZ, HC, CC, and the MC. Neurogenesis, as determined by identification and quantification of @entity15990 immunoreactive neuroblasts or BrdU/neuronal nuclear antigen double positive newly generated neurons, was not present in non-neurogenic regions (MC, CC, and cervical spinal cord) and unaltered in neurogenic regions (dentate gyrus and SVZ) of the brain. The lack of neuronal replacement in the brain and spinal cord after @entity1566 precludes any relevance for spontaneous @entity717 . Gliogenesis was increased in the cervical spinal cord remote from the injury site, however, is unlikely to contribute to functional improvement.

title: Thoracic XXXX spinal cord contusion injury induces remote spinal gliogenesis but not neurogenesis or gliogenesis in the brain.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['recovery of locomotor function']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']