abstract: @entity548 @entity1 is mainly injury-related. Parameters influencing @entity548 particularly in @entity1 with minor @entity21728 have not been defined. We utilized a logistic regression model to analyze parameters influencing @entity548 tendency in subjects from 45 families with @entity21728 . Bleeding manifestations were documented in 58% of 26 homozygous or doubly heterozygous @entity21728 @entity1 , in 20% of 46 heterozygous @entity21728 @entity1 and in 9% of 47 family members with a normal factor XI genotype. Odds ratios for @entity548 in homozygotes or double heterozygotes were 13 and in heterozygotes 2.6 with 95% confidence intervals of 3.8-45 and 0.8-9.0, respectively. Bleeding correlated negatively with factor XI level (r = -0.36, P = 0.0001) with major @entity21728 being a strong predictor of @entity548 (P = 0.011). Minor @entity21728 and blood group O slightly contributed to @entity548 . Although factor @entity797 levels were correlated (r = 0.48, P = 0.0001), levels of factor @entity797 and @entity2880 factor were not predictors of @entity548 . Bleeding was more common following operative procedure involving mucosal membranes (P < 0.01). The designed model enabled prediction of @entity548 manifestations with an overall accuracy of 78% and 82% in heterozygotes.

title: Bleeding predictors in @entity21728 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21728 :: ('MESH:D005173', 'Disease') :: ['factor-XI-deficient', 'factor XI deficiency']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Bleeding in factor-XI-deficient', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Gene') :: ['VIII', 'VIII and factor XI']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are used as flame retardants in many types of consumer products. Perhaps as a result of their widespread use and their lipophilicity, these compounds have become ubiquitous in the environment and in @entity1 . This review summarizes @entity13728 concentrations measured in several environmental media and analyzes these data in terms of relative concentrations, concentration trends, and congener profiles. In @entity1 blood, milk, and tissues, total @entity13728 levels have increased exponentially by a factor of approximately 100 during the last 30 yr; this is a doubling time of approximately 5 yr. The current @entity13728 concentrations in @entity1 from Europe are approximately 2 ng/g lipid, but the concentrations in @entity1 from the United States are much higher at approximately 35 ng/g lipid. Current @entity13728 concentrations in marine mammals from the Canadian Arctic are very low at approximately 5 ng/g lipid, but they have increased exponentially with a doubling time of approximately 7 yr. Marine mammals from the rest of the world have current @entity13728 levels of approximately 1000 ng/g lipid, and these concentrations have also increased exponentially with a doubling time of approximately 5 yr. Some birds' eggs from Sweden are also highly contaminated (at approximately 2000 ng/g lipid) and show @entity13728 doubling times of approximately 6 yr. Herring gull eggs from the Great Lakes region now have @entity13728 concentrations of approximately 7000 ng/g lipid, and these levels have doubled every approximately 3 yr. Fish from Europe have approximately 10 times lower @entity13728 concentrations than fish from North America. From these and other data, it is clear that the environment and @entity1 from North America are very much more contaminated with @entity13727 as compared to Europe and that these @entity13728 levels have doubled every 4-6 yr. Analyses of the relative distributions of the most abundant @entity13728 congeners (using category averages and principal component analysis) indicated that these patterns cannot yet be used to assign sources to these pollutants.

title: XXXX in the environment and in @entity1 : a meta-analysis of concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['PBDEs', 'Polybrominated diphenyl ethers']

answer: @entity13727 :: (MESH:D055768,Chemical) :: ['Polybrominated diphenyl ethers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Activation of the @entity19496 ( @entity19496 ) gene lowers blood pressure, inhibits endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation, and modifies @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity82 . Recently, several studies on the presence and importance of @entity19496 polymorphism for cardiovascular pathology have been reported. The study aim was to investigate any relationship between @entity57132 @entity19496 polymorphism and the degree of @entity4346 in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). METHODS: The influence of @entity57132 @entity19496 gene polymorphism on @entity472 severity, degree of @entity4346 and systolic function was analyzed in 308 @entity1 (185 @entity1 , 123 @entity1 ; mean age 61.5 +/- 10 years) with significant @entity472 . RESULTS: Due to chromosome X localization of the @entity19496 gene, the analysis was performed separately in males and females. The prevalence of genotypes was 32.8% for AA, 40.8% for AG, and 26.4% for GG in females; and 52.9% and 47.1% for the A and G alleles, respectively, in males. No correlation was found between @entity57132 @entity19496 polymorphism and @entity4346 . The only significant difference was a lower @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and a greater end-systolic LV dimension in males carrying the A allele as compared to allele G carriers. The A allele was more frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity1002 < 40%. In the multivariate analysis, presence of the A allele was significantly related to @entity1002 (adjusted for age, @entity101 , @entity453 ), although the impact was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.04) and explained only 2% of @entity1002 variance. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the @entity57132 @entity19496 gene polymorphism cannot be considered as a marker of @entity4346 in @entity1 with @entity472 , but its negative influence on @entity1002 in A allele carriers may be considered as a marker of premature left ventricular decompensation in males.

title: Can angiotensin II @entity57132 type 2 receptor gene polymorphism be a marker of @entity4346 in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity19496 :: ('186', 'Gene') :: ['AT2R', 'angiotensin II type 2 receptor']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity1718 influence the production of @entity2918 , which is suggested to be of importance for the development of chronic degenerative changes in tendons. Clinical studies indicate that treatment with essential @entity1718 , vitamins and minerals may be effective against @entity924 . This randomised trial was performed to evaluate the effect of an essential @entity844 supplement on @entity158 in @entity2633 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 55 @entity1 with @entity2633 were treated with eccentric training of the wrist extensor muscles for 6 months. 50% of the @entity1 were randomised to 8 weeks of peroral supplement with essential @entity1718 , 50% to placebo supplement. RESULTS: @entity158 declined throughout the study period, with a mean @entity158 level reported on a 10 cm visual analogue scale of 4.9 cm (95% CI 4.3-5.1 cm) at inclusion and 0.95 cm (95% CI 0.5-1.1 cm) at 6 months. Maximal grip force of afflicted arm increased about 23%. No differences in @entity158 reduction or force increase were found between the supplement and the placebo groups. CONCLUSION: @entity158 was reduced and force increased gradually over 6 months with eccentric training. No additional effect was observed with a @entity844 supplement.

title: [No effect of supplement of essential @entity1718 on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon diseases']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'unilateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Reported pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: Invasive @entity189 (IMPCa) of the breast refers to a unique variant of @entity513 , but its biological behavior has not been elucidated well. We analyzed 16 IMPCa cases (10 pure type, six mixed type). The incidence of IMPCa was 1.0% of all primary @entity0 . High nuclear grade (75.0%), as well as poorly differentiated histological grade (81.3%), was frequently seen. Lymph node @entity3 were evident in 92.9% of the examined cases, and about half of them showed more than 10 positive nodes. Comparison between serially experienced @entity513 , not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), revealed that both high nuclear grade and poor histological grade were significantly more frequent (P < 0001), there was a lower frequency of positive @entity172 receptor/ @entity1420 receptor (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), a higher frequency of @entity1722 overexpression (P < 0.025), and more frequent lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.05) in IMPCa. The comparison between lymph node positive IDC-NOS did not show any statistically significant differences in frequency for positive @entity876 , @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or @entity5962 . However, IMPCa showed a significantly increased number of blood vessels counted by @entity2280 immunostains (P < 0.05). These results suggest that IMPCa is, at least, the same or more aggressive than lymph node positive cases of IDC-NOS. Hence, not only the high incidence of lymph node @entity3 but also distant, blood-borne @entity3 may be important.

title: Invasive XXXX of the breast: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrix metalloproteinase protein-2']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['micropapillary carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate seasonality in onset and incidence of central @entity2994 (CRVO) in Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS: A retrospective consecutive population-based case series of @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with CRVO from January 2008 through December 2013 at the St Erik Eye Hospital. Date, age at occurrence and sex were recorded in the study cohort. RESULTS: A total of 854 @entity1 presented with CRVO during the study period. Peak CRVO onset occurred during the winter/spring period and was significantly higher than during the summer/autumn period. The number of @entity1 presenting by season were: 166 (28.8%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 25.3-32.6%) in winter, 172 (29.9%, 95% CI 26.3-33.7%) in spring, 131 (22.7%, 95% CI 19.5-26.3%) in summer, and 107 (18.9%, 95% CI 15.6-22.0%) in autumn (p   <   0.0002). There were more males, accounting for 53.9% of subjects (460/856; p   =   0.029). Mean annual incidence of CRVO was 2/10,000 for @entity1 aged over 40 years, increasing from 0.25/10,000 at 45 years to 7/10,000 at 85 years (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The onset of CRVO in Stockholm, Sweden, had a significant seasonal pattern and most cases occurred during the winter-spring period. The highest incidence of CRVO was found in elderly @entity1 .

title: Seasonality and incidence of central XXXX in sweden: a 6-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity162 current lead can activate blood platelets. The null hypothesis was that 1 minute of electrical stimulation of platelets would not influence their subsequent reactivity to @entity857 ( @entity857 ). BACKGROUND: Both platelets and muscle cells contain actin and @entity3999 filaments, and both cells are activated following @entity460 influx. Muscle cells open their @entity460 channels and contract when exposed to an electric current. Current through a @entity162 lead will expose a small volume of blood, including platelets, to the depolarizing current. Platelet activation may ensue, resulting in aggregation, release reaction, and contraction. In contrast, a unipolar pacemaker system will not depolarize blood, but transmit current directly into the myocardium, and the current afterward passes through other tissues before returning to the pacemaker can. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from two healthy subjects. Platelet reactivity to the agonist @entity857 was tested in paired samples in an aggregometer in a case/control setup. RESULTS: Eighteen of 46 tested pairs of platelet-rich plasma showed increased reactivity in the paced sample; 26 were unchanged while two showed decreased reactivity in the paced sample. Using a two-sided sign test, the null hypothesis was rejected (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates increased reactivity to @entity857 in platelets exposed in vitro to stimulation by pacemaker current. The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: Does XXXX current activate blood platelets?

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar pacemaker']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar pacemaker']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical benefit of ticagrelor compared to @entity1397 in @entity1187 @entity1 suggested off-target property. Such pleiotropic effect could be mediated by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) which are critical for @entity455 . We aimed to investigate the impact of ticagrelor on EPC in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: We prospectively randomized 106 @entity1187 @entity1 to ticagrelor or @entity1397 . Sub-populations of @entity2280 + circulating progenitor cells (PC) were analyzed by flow cytometry allowing one to determine the levels of @entity2280 + PC, @entity2280 + @entity1195 + Hematopoietic PC, @entity2280 +133+ immature PC and @entity2280 +KDR+ EPC on admission and at 1month. Changes in PC level were calculated as the difference between 1month and baseline value. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar regarding baseline characteristics including PC numbers on admission. The 2 groups had similar change in overall @entity2280 + PC and hematopoietic @entity2280 +45+ PC level (p=0.2). On the contrary, when considering @entity2280 +133+ PC and @entity2280 +KDR+ EPC, we observed that @entity1 treated by @entity3077 had a significantly higher increase in levels of these PC subtypes compared to those treated by @entity1397 (0.23 (-0.33; 0.79) vs 0.00 (-0.5; 0.34); p=0.04 and 0.01 (-0.04; 0.05) vs -0.01 (-0.06; 0.03); p=0.02). Changes in the level of @entity2280 +CD133+ PC correlated with platelet activity measured by the @entity19319 index (r=-0.30; p=0.008). By contrast the increase in the level of @entity2280 +KDR+ EPC in the ticagrelor group was independent of platelet activity. CONCLUSIONS: Ticagrelor increases the number of EPC in @entity1187 @entity1 suggesting a benefit on endothelial regeneration that may participate in the pleiotropic property of the drug.

title: Ticagrelor increases endothelial progenitor cell level compared to @entity1397 in XXXX : A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular healing']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few data exist on pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality. This study is the first to evaluate actual in-hospital pediatric CPR. We hypothesized that with bedside CPR training and corrective feedback, CPR quality can approach @entity299 ( @entity299 ) targets. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using CPR recording/feedback defibrillators, quality of CPR was assessed for @entity1 >or=8 years of age who suffered a @entity1167 in the PICU or @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Before and during the study, a bedside CPR training program was initiated. RESULTS: Between October 2006 and February 2008, twenty events in 18 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and resulted in 36749 evaluable chest compressions (CCs) during 392.3 minutes of arrest. CCs were shallow (<38 mm or <1.5 in) in 27.2% (9998 of 36749), with excessive residual leaning force (>or=2500 g) in 23.4% (8611 of 36749). Segmental analysis of the first 5 minutes of the events demonstrated that shallow CCs and excessive residual leaning force were less prevalent during the first 5 minutes. @entity299 targets were not achieved for CC rate in 62 (43.1%) of 144 segments, CC depth in 52 (36.1%) of 144 segments, and residual leaning force in 53 (36.8%) of 144 segments. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective, observational study demonstrates feasibility of monitoring in-hospital pediatric CPR. Even with bedside CPR retraining and corrective audiovisual feedback, CPR quality frequently did not meet @entity299 targets. Importantly, no flow fraction target of 10% was achieved. Future studies should investigate novel educational methods and targeted feedback technologies.

title: Quantitative analysis of CPR quality during in-hospital resuscitation of older XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: To assess whether the increase in @entity320 incidence could be due, at least in part, to changes in histological criteria of @entity5 , pathologists in Australia, France, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and the USSR reviewed diagnoses of 50 consecutive pigmented naevi (40 junctional and compound; 10 intradermal) and 20 consecutive @entity320 made in each participating centre around 1930, around 1955 and around 1980. Collaborating pathologists re-read the material, 2,665 cases in all, either from the original slide (82%) or from a recut block (17%), gave their diagnosis and indicated whether the lesion was benign ( @entity25997 ), dubious benign ( @entity25997 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or malignant (M). As the distribution of review diagnoses was much the same whether the original slide or one made from a recut block was read, the material was pooled. Overall, 2.8% of cases originally reported as @entity25997 were reviewed as @entity5 /M, while 4.4% of the @entity5 /M diagnoses were held to be @entity25997 . The shifts between categories were greatest around 1955 and least around 1980, suggesting increasing uniformity of interpretation. All available blocks were recut and sections sent to IARC for review: 1.7% (22) of 1293 @entity25997 diagnoses were considered to be @entity5 /M and 3.3% (18) of 551 @entity5 /M diagnoses were considered to have been @entity25997 . The consistently low frequency of shift in diagnostic category, whether the material was reviewed in the collaborating laboratories or by one pathologist at IARC, in a study designed to give maximum attention to those lesions--the junctional and compound naevi--in which a change in opinion as to @entity5 would be most likely to arise, suggests that pathologists, irrespective of geographical location, are using common criteria. These findings argue against changes in histological interpretation as being responsible for more than a small portion of the continuous increase of some 3% to 8% per annum observed in @entity320 incidence. Other explanations, such as an increase in the frequency or potential for malignant transformation of precursor lesions, must be sought. The anatomical distribution of the @entity320 examined followed the usual site pattern by sex, and their thickness was observed to decrease over the period of the study in most centres.

title: Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of XXXX over time is unlikely.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dubious malignant', 'DM', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Dendritic cells can induce an immune response as competent antigen presenting cells. It has been reported that immature bone marrow derived dendritic cells are capable of inducing an immune response against @entity5 displaying significant apoptosis. It is still controversial, however whether immature dendritic cells can also induce an immune response against @entity5 with a low apoptotic index. C-26 @entity420 cells were injected into the footpad of Balb/c @entity19 . One million immature dendritic cells cultured in vitro using @entity2304 and @entity58 were injected into the @entity5 -bearing footpad on day 6 after @entity5 cell inoculation. @entity5 volume was measured starting from day 5 after @entity5 cell inoculation. @entity19 were observed daily for survival. The growing @entity5 were characterized by a low apoptotic index. There was a statistically significant delay in the @entity5 growth and a significant prolongation of the survival time in DC treated group as compared with controls (p<0.05). Immature dendritic cells injected into the site of @entity5 growth are able to induce a potent antitumour response which leads to the retardation of the @entity5 growth and the prolongation of the life survival time. Here we show that even a single injection of immature dendritic cells is able to induce a significant immune response against @entity5 with low apoptotic index.

title: A single injection of immature dendritic cells is able to induce antitumour response against a XXXX colon adenocarcinoma with a low apoptotic index.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity2414 cells are considered to be less dependent on costimulation and to respond more vigorously to TCR triggering compared to their naive counterparts. We and others, however, observed that memory @entity404 T cells display nonresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli, including superantigens and soluble anti-CD3. We now report that @entity1361 -derived costimulation can revert the nonresponsive state of antigen-exposed @entity404 T cells. Interestingly, the rescuing effect of @entity1361 can be completely negated by @entity4386 engagement. The malfunction of memory T cells is related to increased cell death; the viability can be restored by @entity1361 engagement and is negatively regulated by @entity4386 engagement. Importantly, it has been reported that antigen-exposed T cells express lower levels of the anti-apoptotic mediator @entity588 . In addition, @entity1361 costimulation was reported to upregulate the expression levels of @entity1836 . We therefore examined the possible role of @entity588 family proteins in the nonresponsiveness of antigen-exposed @entity404 T cells, and determined whether @entity4386 , in analogy to @entity1361 , mediates its negative regulatory effects via the @entity588 family of apoptotic mediators. Our data indicate that neither the nonresponsiveness nor the susceptibility to @entity4386 of antigen-experienced @entity404 T cells are related to the expression levels of @entity588 or @entity589 . The rescuing effects of @entity1361 , however, may be related to increased @entity1836 levels. Addition of @entity1199 normalizes the nonresponsiveness of memory @entity404 T cells and renders these cells resistant to the negative effects of @entity4386 engagement. Impaired @entity1199 production is therefore likely to be the cause of the malfunction and @entity4386 susceptibility of memory @entity404 T cells.

title: Nonresponsiveness and susceptibility to XXXX of antigen-exposed @entity404 T cells are not regulated by the @entity588 family of apoptotic mediators, but can be restored by @entity1199 .

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: The effect of the availability of synaptic targets on neuronal survival was tested by explanting the cochleovestibular ganglion from embryonic day 3-1/2 @entity1573 embryos and maintaining it in the presence or absence of appropriate synaptic target tissues for 14 days in culture. The targets were the inner ear, peripherally, and the myelencephalon, centrally. Light and electron microscopic observations showed that the ganglion cells in the explants with targets present had generally achieved a degree of differentiation comparable to that of their counterparts in embryonic day 14 embryos. The variety of cell types seen in the normal embryonic day 14 @entity21 was also evident in vitro. In @entity21 explanted without peripheral or central targets, few neurons survived. Ganglia explanted with either peripheral or central target intact showed considerably better survival than those explanted without any target. Ganglia explanted with only the peripheral target (the inner ear) survived equally as well as those with both central and peripheral targets. Ganglia cultured with the central target (myelencephalon) did not survive as well as those with peripheral targets. The effect of the peripheral target on the ganglion was less clear-cut when @entity21 were first dissected from their targets and then recombined in culture. However, the results of such experiments in which nerve fascicles were traced in serial sections from @entity21 to target areas, suggest that the actual innervation of target cells, as well as proximity of @entity21 to target tissues, could influence neuronal survival. Establishment of innervation appeared to be selective, in that the closest available target area was not always the one contacted by the ganglionic fibers. The present findings are consistent with a role of neuron-target cell interactions in supporting neuronal survival in the cochleovestibular ganglion of the @entity1573 embryo. Both the central and the peripheral targets are implicated in trophic interactions with the sensory neurons.

title: Trophic interactions between the cochleovestibular ganglion of the XXXX embryo and its synaptic targets in culture.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide normative data on maximal @entity177 for healthy Saudi @entity1 between the ages of 7-15 years. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven Saudi @entity1 from nearby schools in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, participated in this study. Cardiorespiratory measurements were obtained during graded treadmill running until exhaustion. Gas exchange variables were assessed continuously throughout the test using open circuit spirometry. RESULTS: Normative values in the forms of means, standard deviation and percentiles were presented for 4 age groups. Mass-dependent cardiorespiratory variables were also classified based on body surface area. Absolute maximal @entity26 uptake increased linearly from 1.2 +/- 0.2 L x @entity1009 ) at age 7-9 years to 2.5 +/- 0.5 L x @entity1009 ) at age 13-15 years. Maximal @entity26 uptake relative to body mass (ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 )) or relative to lean body mass (ml x kg(-1) lean body mass @entity1009 )) did not show any appreciable changes across ages. Mass-dependent variables such as pulmonary ventilation (L x @entity1009 )), tidal volume, and @entity26 pulse ( @entity26 uptake/heart rate) also exhibited a linear increase with age, reflecting strong associations with body size indices (body mass, height and lean body mass). Maximal heart rate during childhood and adolescence appears to be independent of age. Ventilatory anaerobic threshold as a percentage of maximal @entity26 uptake ranged from 66% for the younger to 77% for the older age groups. CONCLUSION: Maximal @entity26 uptake expressed relative to body surface area or scaled to body mass to the power of 0.75 or 0.67 appears to provide a more appropriate means of expressing changes in maximal @entity26 uptake across ages in @entity1 and adolescents. Further, maximal pulse index ( @entity26 pulse/body surface area) seems to control for the strong association of @entity26 pulse with the body size during growth.

title: Development of maximal @entity177 in Saudi XXXX . A cross-sectional analysis.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effusive @entity3822 (ECP) is visceral constriction in conjunction with compressive @entity2294 . The prevalence of proven tuberculous ECP is unknown. Whilst ECP is distinguished from effusive disease on hemodynamic grounds, it is unknown whether effusive-constrictive physiology has a distinct cytokine profile. We conducted a prospective study of prevalence and cytokine profile of effusive-constrictive disease in @entity1 with @entity2294 . METHODS: From July 2006 through July 2009, the prevalence of ECP and serum and pericardial levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined in adults with @entity2294 . The diagnosis of ECP was made by combined pericardiocentesis and cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Of 91 @entity1 evaluated, 68 had @entity17398 . The 36/68 @entity1 (52.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.2-65.4) with ECP were younger (29 versus 37 years, P=0.02), had a higher pre-pericardiocentesis right atrial pressure (17.0 versus 10.0 mmHg, P<0.0001), serum concentration of @entity688 ( @entity688 ) (38.5 versus 0.2 pg/ml, P<0.001) and @entity2533 (121.5 versus 29.1 pg/ml, P=0.02), pericardial concentration of @entity688 (84.7 versus 20.4 pg/ml, P=0.006) and @entity379 (2,568.0 versus 906.6 pg/ml, P=0.03) than effusive non-constrictive cases. In multivariable regression analysis, right atrial pressure > 15 mmHg (odds ratio [OR] = 48, 95%CI: 8.7-265; P<0.0001) and @entity688 > 200 pg/ml (OR=10, 95%CI: 1.1, 93; P=0.04) were independently associated with ECP. CONCLUSION: Effusive-constrictive disease occurs in half of cases of @entity2294 , and is characterized by greater elevation in the pre-pericardiocentesis right atrial pressure and pericardial and serum @entity688 levels compared to @entity1 with effusive non-constrictive @entity17398 .

title: Prevalence, hemodynamics, and cytokine profile of effusive- @entity3822 in XXXX with @entity2294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17398 :: ('MESH:D010495', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To testify the effect of @entity8428 molecular adjuvant on the immunogenicity of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin beta ( @entity7807 ) DNA vaccination as well as the mode of immune response. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 aged 6 weeks were immunized intramuscularly two times at an interval of 3 weeks with by the plasmid pcDNA3 (A1-3 groups), pcDNA3- @entity7807 (B-3 groups), pcDNA3- @entity7807 -C3d3 (C1-3 groups), or pCMV4- @entity7807 -C3d3 (D1-3 groups), at dosage of 5 pmol, 10 pmol, and 20 pmol, respectively. Three weeks after the second vaccination the animals were killed, specimens of their peripheral blood were extracted to determine the anti- @entity7807 antibody titer by indirect ELISA. Their spleen cells were harvested and stimulated in vitro by hCG antigen for 24 hours. The @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines in the culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: At the dosage of 20 pmol, @entity8428 molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the anti- @entity7807 antibody titer. The utmost anti- @entity7807 antibody titer of C3 group was 1:450, 9 times higher than that of B3 group, and the utmost anti- @entity7807 antibody titer of D3 group was 1:12 150, 243 times higher than that of B3 group. Stimulated in vitro by 5,000 IU @entity7807 antigen, the splenic cells of the C3 and D3 immunization group produced significantly lower @entity1199 , INF-gamma and @entity310 than those of the B3 immunization group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The @entity3646 level of the C3 group was higher than that of the B3 group while the @entity688 level of the D3 group was significantly higher than that of the B3 group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8428 molecular adjuvant increases significantly the @entity7807 immunogenicity of @entity7807 DNA vaccination; meanwhile decreases the secretion of @entity1198 cytokines ( @entity1199 , INF-gamma, and @entity310 ), and increases the expression of Th2 cytokines ( @entity3646 and @entity688 ) in response to hCG antigen. So @entity8428 changes the anti-hCG immune response from @entity1198 type to Th2 type.

title: [ @entity8428 molecular adjuvant increases the immunity of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin beta DNA contraceptive vaccination and changes its immune response from @entity1198 to Th2].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The goal of this work is to quantify the binding parameters of @entity41385 in the striatal and extrastriatal regions of the @entity35 brain using factor analysis (FA) to correct small animal PET kinetic imaging for spillover defluorination radioactivity. Eleven @entity35 were employed for YAP-(S)PET acquisitions and metabolite studies. All kinetic parameters including B'(max) and K(d)V(R) were estimated with a three-tissue compartment seven-parameter model (3T-7k) on the basis of all the FA-corrected data from the multi-injection protocol. Binding potential (BP( @entity11702 )) was calculated with Logan's graphical analysis taking cerebellum as the reference region and using the first injection raw (BP( @entity11702 -RAW)) and FA-corrected (BP( @entity11702 -FA)) data. Three distinct factors corresponding to free+non-specific binding, specific binding and skull and gland accumulation were recovered from FA with their corresponding spatial distributions. The resulting reconstructed images without skull and gland accumulation were improved to provide a better contrast between specific and non-specific regions. Very bad fits were obtained when using time-activity curves (TACs) calculated from the raw @entity41385 data, whereas all TACs were well fitted by the 3T-7k model after FA correction. FA-corrected data enables the cerebellar region to be used as reference for the Logan approach. The magnitude of the BP( @entity11702 -FA) values was increased from 21% to 108% across regions and the rank order of BP( @entity11702 -FA) values (Cx<Hip<MB   Thal<VST<DST) matched those of B'(max) values. This @entity41385 study in @entity35 shows that all brain regions are contaminated by skull and gland radioactivity accumulation. We show that FA is a very effective method of correcting kinetic data for spillover activity. Moreover, the approach presented here with @entity41385 data can be extended to other radioligands and also to @entity1 data which can be highly distorted by radiodefluorination as shown in the literature.

title: Quantification of dopamine D(2/3) receptors in @entity35 brain using factor analysis corrected XXXX images.

answer: @entity41385 :: (MESH:C094948,Chemical) :: ['[18F]Fallypride']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity4710 refractory to medical therapy, transcatheter ablation (TA) is necessary. From January 1990, in 27 @entity1 with @entity591 and 6 with @entity955 or @entity5069 , referred to our institution for electrophysiologic evaluation, TA by radiofrequency (RF) was performed, respectively for atrioventricular (AV) junction modulation and total AV junction ablation. In all these cases, a total refractoriness to several antiarrhythmic drugs alone or in combination had been observed. The RF current, generated by the Osypka HAT 100 device, was administered through a tripolar USCI 7 F catheter. The ideal site for energy delivery was defined on the basis of a mapping, performed in the AV junction area to find out the most premature retrograde atrial activation. Local atrial activation time was evaluated during @entity591 by delivering a premature ventricular extrastimulus to discover the atrial deflection from the ventricular one. In the selected area, 5 applications (range 1-12) of 20-25 W power RF energy for 5-30 s were delivered on average. A complete prevention of @entity591 was achieved in 26/27 @entity1 (96.2%). Only in 2 @entity1 (7.4%) a total @entity713 was induced. The pre- and post-procedure values are as follows: AH = pre 71 +/- 18, post 113.2 +/- 53; HV = pre 46.4 +/- 8, post 48 +/- 7; anterograde Wenckebach point = pre 352 +/- 56, post 389 +/- 91; retrograde Wenckebach point = pre 338 +/- 75, post 419 +/- 61. In 13/27 cases the AH interval was normal after RF application. The retrograde conduction was worsened in all @entity1 and totally abolished in 12/27.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Transcatheter radiofrequency modulation and ablation of the XXXX in supraventricular arrhythmias refractory to medical therapy].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular junction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We quantified the association between antibiotic exposure and acquisition of antibiotic resistance in @entity796 and Enterobacter species in intensive care unit @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 : In 1,201 @entity1 , respiratory tract colonization was determined through regular screening on admission, twice weekly, and on discharge. Primary outcome was the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in previous antibiotic sensitive @entity796 and Enterobacter species, with acquisition attributable to cross-transmission excluded based on genotyping and epidemiologic linkage. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for covariates, was performed to calculate hazard ratios of @entity1 exposed to antibiotics compared to @entity1 not exposed to antibiotics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In total, 194 and 171 @entity1 were colonized with @entity796 and Enterobacter species, respectively. Two or more cultures per episode were available for 126 and 108 @entity1 . For @entity796 , @entity5505 exposure was associated with 6.3 acquired antibiotic resistance events per 100 days of exposure, whereas incidence rates were lower for @entity2177 , @entity2889 , and @entity3400 - @entity7120 . In multivariate analysis, @entity2889 , @entity2177 , and @entity5505 were significantly associated with risk of resistance development in @entity796 (adjusted hazard ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-51.5 for @entity2889 ; adjusted hazard ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-16.2 for @entity2177 ; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.5 for @entity5505 ). For Enterobacter, @entity2756 and @entity2177 exposure were associated with most antibiotic resistance acquisitions. No significant associations were found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2889 exposure is associated with the highest risk of resistance development in @entity796 . Increasing @entity2893 use attributable to emergence of Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum b-lactamases will enhance antibiotic resistance in @entity796 .

title: Antibiotic exposure and resistance development in XXXX and Enterobacter species in intensive care units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem', 'Meropenem']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural and functional characteristics of bronchial epithelial cells in @entity228 -dependent @entity565 are unknown. OBJECTIVE: In bronchial biopsy specimens from 16 control, 9 untreated @entity748 , 9 inhaled @entity228 -treated @entity748 , and 19 @entity228 -dependent @entity748 subjects, we evaluated epithelium morphology and patterns of cell apoptosis, proliferation, and activation. METHODS: We used the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique to study apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of molecules related to apoptosis (such as @entity588 and @entity876 ), cell proliferation ( @entity1364 ), and cell activation ( @entity2451 and @entity2936 / @entity2936 -L). RESULTS: Epithelium thickness was higher in @entity228 -dependent @entity748 and control subjects than in inhaled @entity228 -treated and untreated @entity748 subjects (P < .0001 and P <.0003). Very few TUNEL-positive epithelial cells were found in the 4 groups. @entity588 expression was higher in all groups of @entity748 subjects than in controls (P < .001). In @entity228 -dependent @entity748 subjects, @entity1364 , @entity2451 , and @entity11603 expression was higher than in inhaled @entity228 -treated @entity748 (P < .001), untreated @entity748 (P <.001 and P < .04), and control (P < .01) subjects. @entity2936 expression was greater in @entity228 -dependent @entity748 and untreated @entity748 subjects than in inhaled @entity228 -treated @entity748 subjects (P < .0001 and P < .0006) and controls (P < .02 and P < .03). In @entity228 -dependent @entity565 , @entity1364 expression was correlated with the epithelium thickness (P < .007). CONCLUSION: This study shows that in bronchial epithelial cells of @entity228 -dependent @entity565 , markers of cell survival and proliferation are coexpressed with markers of cell activation, suggesting that in this disease epithelium repair is associated with a persistent activation state of epithelial cells.

title: Proliferation and activation of bronchial epithelial cells in XXXX -dependent @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity1 -related and local risk factors for pharyngocutaneous @entity292 developing after total laryngectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Tertiary medical centre. METHOD: The study included 255 @entity1 who underwent total laryngectomy and concurrent neck dissection between July 2001 and February 2006 for @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association of @entity292 and @entity1 -related (age, sex, hemoglobin and albumin levels, @entity6 , @entity1030 , chronic @entity299 , @entity101 ) and local risk factors (T stage of the @entity5 and localization, previous radiotherapy, preoperative tracheostomy, lymph node @entity3 , surgical margin) was analyzed using the chi-square and independent-sample t-tests. RESULTS: Pharyngocutaneous fistulae were found in 18.4% of the @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 , chronic @entity299 , and postoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels lower than 10.84 +/- 1.2 g/dL and 3.06 +/- 0.5 g/dL, respectively, were found to be statistically significant risk factors in @entity292 formation. The logistic regression model was carried out on these risk factors. CONCLUSION: @entity292 remains the most frequent complication of total laryngectomy despite improved preoperative assessment and postoperative care. Lymph node @entity3 emerged for the first time as a risk factor for @entity292 formation. Our experience confirmed that meticulous postoperative care should be paid to the @entity1 who have contributing risk factors and lymph node @entity3 .

title: @entity292 after total laryngectomy: emphasis on lymph node XXXX as a new predisposing factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Pharyngocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Premature thelarche is defined as the isolated development of breast tissue in @entity1 less than 8 years of age. Although breast development is an @entity172 -dependent process, these @entity1 do not have elevated serum @entity172 levels, and the hormonal basis for their condition is unclear. We studied the levels of two @entity172 -dependent transport proteins, @entity443 ( @entity443 ) and @entity3939 ( @entity3939 ), in order to determine if there was evidence for a more subtle @entity172 effect in @entity1 with premature thelarche. @entity443 levels in @entity1 with premature thelarche were not significantly different from those of prepubertal @entity1 of the same ages and were significantly lower than those in @entity1 undergoing pubertal development at the appropriate age (P less than 0.05) and in normal @entity1 (P less than 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in @entity3939 levels between the @entity1 with premature thelarche and prepubertal controls. There was also no significant difference in @entity3939 levels between prepubertal @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity1175 . In contrast, @entity1 had @entity3939 levels that were significantly lower than those in all @entity1 studied. We conclude that the @entity172 exposure (whether endogenous or exogenous) of @entity1 with premature thelarche is less than that of @entity1 in early true puberty and similar to that of other prepubertal @entity1 . Further, changes in serum @entity3939 are not as sensitive an indicator of @entity172 effect as is breast development or changes in @entity443 . This study also suggests that large amounts of exogenous @entity172 are not an element in the development of premature thelarche.

title: XXXX and @entity3939 levels in premature thelarche.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['early puberty']

entities_list: @entity3939 :: ('6906', 'Gene') :: ['thyroxine-binding globulin', 'TBG']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity443 :: (6462,Gene) :: ['Sex hormone-binding globulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate @entity1 and diagnostic parameters influencing the reported rates of recurrent rotator cuff defects after ARCR. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched for clinical studies on @entity924 after ARCR. Imaging modalities, definitions, detection time points, and other known @entity1 risk factors ( @entity1 age, tear severity, grade of @entity1560 , repair technique) as well as reported defect rates were extracted. A meta-analysis of proportion and meta-regression analysis were used to investigate independent variables influencing reported defect rates. RESULTS: Of 109 articles reviewed, the diagnostic studies used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only (n   =   56), ultrasound (US) only (n   =   28), MRI or computed tomography (CT) arthrography (CTA, n   =   14) or a combination of US, MRI and CTA (n   =   11) up to 57  months after ARCR. @entity924 were highly variable, including those of partial @entity924 with @entity1887 as either an acceptable outcome (n   =   72) or a recurrent defect (n   =   22). Reported defect rates demonstrated highly significant heterogeneity between studies and groups. Follow-up time and the evaluation of partial @entity924 were independent factors of the defect rate alongside age, tear severity and repair technique. The type of imaging did not significantly alter defect rates. CONCLUSION: A number of specific factors significantly alter the rates of rotator cuff defects reported after ARCR. Standardized protocols in clinical practice are required for consistent diagnosis of recurrent defects after ARCR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Influence of XXXX and diagnostic parameters on reported retear rates after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient thickness defined']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon healing', 'tendon defects', 'Definitions of tendon defects']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) represents a significant clinical challenge for which there are few treatment options. Oncolytic viruses are ideal candidates for @entity298 treatment because of their high @entity5 specificity, excellent safety profile and suitability for peritoneal delivery. Here, we described the use of vvDD-SR-RFP, a recombinant @entity6621 , in xenograft and syngeneic models of colorectal @entity298 . @entity14 cell lines were highly susceptible to vvDD-SR-RFP replication and @entity137 . Intraperitoneal delivery of vvDD-SR-RFP on Day 12 to @entity19 with @entity14 significantly improved survival whereas survival was not improved following virus treatment on Day 8, when @entity5 were smaller. Immunohistochemistry revealed @entity5 had a poorly distributed network of blood vessels and lower proliferation index compared to later @entity5 . @entity778 was also restricted to @entity5 rims following Day 8 treatment, whereas it was disseminated in @entity5 treated on Day 12. Additionally, direct infection of @entity5 endothelium was observed and @entity778 correlated with a loss of endothelial staining and induction of cell death. Our results demonstrate that @entity5 vasculature has a critical role in virus delivery and @entity5 response. This will have significant implications in the clinical setting, both in understanding timing of therapies and in designing combination treatment strategies.

title: Tumor vascularization is critical for oncolytic XXXX treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Virus infection', 'virus infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'early tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6621 :: (10245,Species) :: ['vaccinia virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of @entity24290 (BX) on the intimal @entity1373 of graft veins. METHODS: Twenty @entity235 were evenly divided into 2 groups. The femoral veins were grafted into the femoral artery by microsurgery, and the experimental group was treated with BX (0.1 BU/kg/48 hours). The serum level of @entity11976 ( @entity11976 ) was detected 2 weeks after operation. Computer image analysis system was performed to calculate the cross-sectional area of @entity8233 and media in the vein grafts 8  weeks after operation. Immunohistochemistry method was performed to identify @entity25270 ( @entity25270 ) and c-Myc. RESULTS: The experimental group had a lower level of serum @entity11976 than the control group (P < .01), and both intimal @entity1373 and media thickness of graft veins were reduced by BX in comparison with the control group (P < .05). C-Myc expression was higher in the control group than in the experimental group (P < .01). The @entity25270 expression in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that BX could inhibit intimal @entity1373 through suppressing cell proliferation activity.

title: The effects of @entity24290 on the intimal XXXX of graft veins.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity24290 :: ('MESH:D012103', 'Chemical') :: ['Batroxobin']

entities_list: @entity25270 :: ('477166(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 in the Advanced Imaging for @entity726 Study. To compare the participating sites for variations among subjects and the performance of imaging instruments. DESIGN: Multicenter longitudinal observational cohort study. METHODS: A total of 788 @entity1 (1329 eyes) were enrolled from 3 academic referral centers. There were 145 @entity1 (289 eyes) in the normal group, 394 @entity1 (663 eyes) in the @entity726 group, and 249 @entity1 (377 eyes) in the @entity726 group. @entity1 underwent a full clinical examination, standard automated perimetry, and imaging with time-domain and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. The baseline average, population standard deviation, and repeatability of imaging-derived anatomic variables were reported for each technology and center. RESULTS: Compared to the normal @entity1 , @entity726 and @entity726 groups had significantly reduced anatomic measurements. Repeatability of nerve fiber layer thickness was best for Fourier-domain OCT (overall coefficient of variation <2%), followed by time-domain OCT (coefficient of variation 2%-2.9%), scanning laser polarimetry (coefficient of variation 2.6%-4.5%), and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy rim area (coefficient of variation 4.2%-7.6%). A mixed-effects model showed that the differences between sites was less than 25 percent of the variation within groups and less than the differences between the normal and @entity726 group. CONCLUSIONS: Site-to-site variation was smaller than both the variation within groups and the changes attributable to @entity726 . Therefore pooling of @entity1 between sites is appropriate.

title: Advanced Imaging for XXXX Study: Design, Baseline Characteristics, and Inter-site Comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'perimetric glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'glaucoma suspect/preperimetric glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: Background AZD3514 is a first-in-class, orally bio-available, androgen-dependent and -independent androgen receptor inhibitor and @entity1984 ( @entity1984 ). Methods In study 1 and 2, @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 (pts) were initially recruited into a once daily (QD) oral schedule (A). In study 1, pharmacokinetic assessments led to twice daily (BID) dosing (schedule B) to increase exposure. Study 2 explored a once daily schedule. Results In study 1, 49 pts were treated with escalating doses of AZD3514 (A 35 pts, B 14 pts). Starting doses were 100  mg (A) and 1000  mg (B). The AZD3514 formulation was switched from capsules to tablets at 1000  mg QD. 2000  mg BID was considered non-tolerable due to grade (G) 2 @entity137 ( @entity390 [ @entity390 ], @entity391 [ @entity391 ]). No adverse events (AEs) met the dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) definition. Thirteen pts received AZD3514 in study 2, with starting doses of 250  mg QD. The most frequent drug-related AEs were @entity390 : G1/2 in 55/70 pts (79  %); G3 in 1  pt (1.4  %); _ @entity391 : G1/2 in 34/70 pts (49  %) _ G3 in 1  pt (1.4  %). PSA declines (>= 50  %) were documented in 9/70 @entity1 (13  %). Objective soft tissue responses per RECIST1.1 were observed in 4/24 (17  %) pts in study 1. Conclusion AZD3514 has moderate anti- @entity5 activity in pts with advanced @entity263 but with significant levels of @entity390 and @entity391 . However, anti- @entity5 activity as judged by significant PSA declines, objective responses and durable disease stabilisations, provides the rationale for future development of @entity1984 compounds.

title: AZD3514, an oral selective androgen receptor down-regulator in @entity1 with XXXX - results of two parallel first-in- @entity1 phase I studies.

entities_list: @entity1984 :: ('MESH:D013734', 'Disease') :: ['selective androgen-receptor down-regulator', 'SARD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD), parenteral @entity68 improves the response to recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rhuEPO) therapy, but in some subjects it produces an @entity68 overload, increasing their morbidity and mortality rates. In these cases, @entity68 administration must be discontinued. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of treatment with @entity620 (AA) or @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) to mobilize and reduce @entity68 stores, and to determine the effect of these compounds on erythropoiesis. METHODS: We performed a prospective and randomized trial over 6 months, which included 27 patients with serum ferritin levels >800 ng/mL, TSAT >30% and stabilized hemoglobin (Hb) and rhuEPO doses. All @entity1 had previously received parenteral @entity68 (Ferlecit). Nine @entity1 received 200 mg of intravenous (i.v.) AA 3 times/week and nine @entity1 received 1 mg/Kg/week of @entity10775 ; the remaining nine @entity1 were the control group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity68 loss or mobilization due to dialysis. When Ferlecit was discontinued, functional @entity68 did not vary and the @entity1307 resistance index (rhuEPO dose/Hb) was reduced by 21% in the i.v. AA group. In the @entity10775 and control groups, functional @entity68 levels fell. In the @entity10775 group the @entity1307 resistance index increased by 20%, with no modifications in the control group. There was a positive correlation between transaminases and serum ferritin. CONCLUSIONS: In HD @entity1 with an @entity68 overload, neither i.v. AA administration or low-dose @entity10775 increased @entity68 mobilization or @entity68 loss due to dialysis. I.v. AA administration allows elimination of @entity68 from stores without any drop in the functional @entity68 produced by discontinuing parenteral maintenance @entity68 ; it also improves the response to rhuEPO. @entity10775 did not elicit any positive effects on erythropoiesis.

title: Comparative study of intravenous XXXX versus low-dose @entity5532 in @entity1 on hemodialysis with hyperferritinemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferroxamine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'epoetin']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report our treatment for chronic @entity8244 associated with segment @entity79 and shortening in ulna after @entity4034 , using bone transport with a unilateral external fixator. METHODS: Between October 1994 and January 2009, 10 @entity1 with chronic @entity8244 associated with @entity79 and shortening in ulna caused by @entity4034 underwent bone transport using a unilateral external fixator in our unit. There were six males and four females, with a mean age of 14.2 years (range, 10-17 years). The mean ulna defect measured as the discrepancy between the length of the radius and the ulna was 5.4 cm (range, 3.5-7.8 cm). RESULTS: In a mean follow-up of 78 months (range, 27-132 months), all @entity1 had achieved bony union and complete reduction of the @entity135 . All @entity1 were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of the elbow and the length of the upper extremity. The mean arc of flexion-extension was improved by 26.5 degrees (from preoperative 96.5 degrees to postoperative 123.0 degrees) and the mean arc of supination-pronation was improved by 48.5 degrees (from preoperative 86.5 degrees to postoperative 135.0 degrees). The mean bone healing index was 40.5 d/cm (range, 35-47 d/cm). The mean ulnar lengthening was 5.2 cm (range, 3.5-7.5 cm). CONCLUSION: Although it is time consuming, bone transport is a therapeutic alternative for chronic dislocation of the @entity135 associated with @entity79 and shortening in ulna. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Management of chronic XXXX associated with segment @entity79 in ulna after @entity4034 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['radial head']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity8244 :: ('MESH:C566728', 'Disease') :: ['radial head dislocation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity8244 :: (MESH:C566728,Disease) :: ['radial head dislocation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) and @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) occur during the course of epidural catheter placement for labor analgesia with a reported incidence of 1%-5%. After @entity9737 with an epidural needle, 80%-86% of @entity1 develop @entity9737 . Acute symptoms after @entity9737 are well known. However, few studies have evaluated the long-term complications of @entity9737 , which is important in assisting parturients in the decision-making informed consent process. We sought to elucidate the long-term (>6 weeks) sequelae of @entity9737 by examining parturients who had @entity9737 (both recognized and unrecognized) associated with labor epidural analgesia. METHODS: Parturients with a documented @entity9737 (n = 308) over a 5-year period were followed up for acute and long-term residual symptoms (lasting >6 weeks) and compared with a control group (no documented @entity9737 , n = 50) in the same period. Specific symptoms included @entity10 , @entity615 , neck ache, auditory symptoms, and @entity227 . RESULTS: In comparing parturients with a @entity9737 with control group (no @entity9737 ), differences were noted in overall acute symptoms (75.9% vs 21.7%, P < .001), specifically @entity10 (87.0% vs 8.7%, P < .001), @entity615 (47.2% vs 19.6%, P = .002), neck ache (30.1% vs 2.2%, P < .001), auditory (13.8% vs 0%, P = .02), and @entity227 (19.5% vs 0%, P = .002). Differences were also noted in comparing chronic symptoms (26.5% vs 10.9%, P = .04) and specifically with respect to chronic @entity10 (34.9% vs 2.2%, P < .001), @entity615 (58.1% vs 4.4%, P < .001), and neck ache (14.0% vs 0%, P = .02). No differences were noted between groups in comparing chronic auditory and @entity227 . CONCLUSION: @entity2794 and @entity615 sequelae persist in the obstetrical population after @entity9737 . When parturients are considering labor epidural analgesia, long-term sequelae should be discussed in the informed consent decision-making process.

title: XXXX and @entity615 are long-term sequelae of unintentional dural puncture in the obstetric population.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['backache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['postdural puncture headache', 'UDP', 'Unintentional dural puncture', 'PDPH']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['Chronic headache']


abstract: PURPOSE: The characteristics of intractable @entity302 were analyzed in a population-based study of active @entity302 in @entity1032 @entity1 aged 6-13 years. METHODS: Diagnostic registers, EEG laboratory registers, and registers for the Education of the Subnormal were searched. Medical files were scrutinized. Clinical examinations and interviews with parents and caregivers or both were performed. EEG recordings, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CNS were reevaluated. RESULTS: Forty-five percent (44 of 98) of the @entity1 with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and active @entity302 had intractable @entity410 , defined as one or more @entity410 every day or week. The median age at onset was 0.8 years, as compared with 3.0 years for those with controlled @entity302 . Predictive factors for frequent @entity410 were the number of @entity410 types, severe @entity1032 , @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and tonic @entity410 . Epileptiform EEG activity was present in 91%, and focal activity in 65%. @entity75 were detected on CT and MRI in 70%, with generalized lesions in 60%. Concurrent focal @entity302 and focal @entity75 on CT/MRI were detected in 26%. The percentages and prevalence rates for @entity739 ( @entity739 ) and @entity5761 ( @entity5761 ) were 18% (0.25 in 1,000) and 7% (0.06 in 1,000), respectively. One of 8 @entity1 with @entity739 had had previous @entity410 , 3 had @entity159 and 1 later developed @entity5761 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1032 and intractable @entity302 have a high frequency of severe @entity1032 and additional major neuroimpairments. EEG recordings frequently showed focal changes despite generalized lesions in neuroradiology.

title: Intractable @entity302 in a population-based series of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome', 'LGS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mentally retarded', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'neonatal seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: We investigated whether postischemic @entity75 (30 degrees C) would permanently protect the hippocampus following global @entity63 . Global @entity63 was produced in anesthetized @entity35 by bilateral carotid artery occlusion plus @entity551 (50 mm Hg). In the postischemic hypothermic group, brain temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C during the 10-min ischemic insult but reduced to 30 degrees C starting 3 min into the recirculation period and maintained at 30 degrees C for 3 h. In normothermic animals, intra- and postischemic brain temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C. After recovery for 3 days, 7 days, or 2 months, the extent of @entity1249 hippocampal histologic injury was quantitated. At 3 days after @entity63 , @entity2332 significantly protected the hippocampal @entity1249 sector compared with normothermic animals. For example, within the medial, middle, and lateral @entity1249 subsectors, the numbers of normal neurons were increased 20-, 13-, and 9-fold by @entity2332 (p < 0.01). At 7 days after the ischemic insult, however, the degree of postischemic hypothermic protection was significantly reduced. In this case, the numbers of normal neurons were increased an average of only threefold compared with normothermia. Ultrastructural analysis of 7-day postischemic hypothermic @entity35 demonstrated @entity1249 pyramidal neurons showing variable degrees of injury surrounded by reactive astrocytes and microglial cells. At 2 months after the ischemic insult, no trend for protection was demonstrated. In contrast to @entity2332 , significant protection was seen at 2 months following intraischemic @entity2332 . These data indicate that intraischemic, but not postischemic, @entity75 provides chronic protection to the hippocampus after transient @entity2806 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intraischemic but not postischemic XXXX protects chronically following global @entity63 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'postischemic hypothermia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain hypothermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10534 Background: It has been reported that application of the RT-PCR test for @entity1 mammaglobin ( @entity16560 ) may provide diagnostic information to evaluate the neoplastic origin of @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ). Our main goal was to assess the value of @entity16560 RT-PCR as an adjunctive test to thoracoscopic biopsy which represents the conventional gold standard in @entity1143 diagnosis. METHODS: This study included 288 @entity1 who underwent thoracoscopy. Histological analysis of pleural biopsies showed @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in 155/288 (53.8%) @entity1 and non- @entity5 (NMT) in 133/288 ( @entity19 %) @entity1 . The cells obtained from @entity1143 were analyzed by a nested RT-PCR protocol for @entity16560 mRNA gene detection. We evaluated the association between @entity16560 expression and @entity5 vs NMT status by the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The diagnostic performance parameters of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Ac), predictive positive value ( @entity2286 ), predictive negative value (PNV) were also analysed. In addition, the relative risk of @entity5 in negative thoracoscopy @entity1 showing @entity16560 expression in @entity1143 was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity16560 transcript was found in 68/288 (23.6%) of the total @entity1143 . Among them, 51/155 (Se=32.9%) positive cases were from @entity5 and 17/133 (1-Sp=12.8) were from NMT. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between @entity16560 expression and @entity5 (DOR value of 3.04). The diagnostic performance parameters of @entity16560 detection were as follows: Sp=87.2.%, Ac=58.0%, @entity2286 =75.0% and NPV=52.7%. The 18 month follow up of negative thoracoscopy @entity1 showed that 5/17 (29,4%) of @entity16560 positive @entity1143 had a @entity5 in contrast to 10/126 (7.9%) of @entity16560 negative @entity1143 with a relative risk of 4.6 for developing @entity5 (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a prognostic value of @entity1143 @entity16560 in non-specific @entity5641 and may point out a false-negative thoracoscopy.

title: Evaluation of the prognostic significance of XXXX mammaglobin expression in @entity1143 from @entity1 with negative thoracoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'MT', 'malignant diseases', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The presence of a monosomic gametocidal chromosome (GC) in a @entity2247 chromosome addition line of @entity3505 generates structural aberrations in the @entity2247 chromosome as well as in the @entity3505 chromosomes of gametes lacking the GC. A collection of structurally aberrant @entity2247 chromosomes is analogous to a panel of radiation hybrid (RH) mapping and is valuable for high-throughput physical mapping. We developed 90 @entity3505 lines (GC lines) containing aberrant @entity2247 7H chromosomes induced by a gametocidal chromosome, 2C. DNAs isolated from these GC lines provided a panel of 7H chromosomal fragments in a @entity3505 genetic background, comparable with RH mapping panels in mammals. We used this 7H GC panel and the methodology for RH mapping to physically map PCR-based @entity2247 markers, SSRs and AFLPs, onto chromosome 7H, relying on polymorphism between the 7H chromosome and the @entity3505 genome. We call this method GC mapping. This study describes a novel adaptation and combination of methods of inducing chromosomal rearrangements to produce physical maps of markers. The advantages of the presented method are similar to RH mapping in that non-polymorphic markers can be used and the mapping panels can be relatively easily obtained. In addition, mapping results are cumulative when using the same mapping set with new markers. The GC lines will be available from the National Bioresources Project-KOMUGI ( http://www.nbrp.jp/index.jsp ).

title: An alternative to radiation hybrid mapping for large-scale genome analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat', 'common wheat']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An actual clinical trial showed the effect of low dose radiotherapy in @entity158 ( @entity3444 ) with single doses of 1.0 Gy and total doses of 6.0 Gy applied twice weekly. Furthermore, a lot of animal experimental and in vitro data reveals the effect of lower single doses of 0.5 Gy which may be superior in order to ease @entity158 and reduce @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity158 . Our goal is therefore to transfer this experimentally found effect into a randomized multicenter trial. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: This was a controlled, prospective, two-arm phase III-multicenter trial. The standard arm consisted of single fractions of 1.0 Gy applied two times a week, for a total dose of 6.0 Gy (total therapy time: 3 weeks). The experimental arm consisted of single fractions of 0.5 Gy applied 3 times a week, for a total dose of 6.0 Gy (total therapy time: 4 weeks). Following a statistical power calculation, there were 120 @entity1 for each investigation arm. The main inclusion criteria were: age >   = 40 years, clinical and radiologically diagnosed @entity158 ( @entity3444 ), and current symptoms for at least 6 months. The main exclusion criteria were: former local @entity130 , surgery or radiotherapy of the heel; pregnant or breastfeeding @entity1 ; and a pre-existing severe @entity146 or @entity5539 . METHODS: After approving a written informed consent the @entity1 are randomized by a statistician into one of the trial arms. After radiotherapy, the @entity1 are seen after six weeks, after twelve weeks and then every twelve weeks up to 48 weeks. Additionally, they receive a questionnaire every six weeks after the follow-up examinations up to 48 weeks. The effect is measured using the visual analogue scale of @entity158 (VAS), the calcaneodynia score according to Rowe and the SF-12 score. The primary endpoint is the @entity158 relief three months after therapy. @entity1 of both therapy arms with an insufficient result are offered a second radiotherapy series applying the standard dose (equally in both arms). This trial protocol has been approved by the expert panel of the DEGRO as well as by the Ethics committee of the Saarland Physicians' chamber. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current trial registration at German Clinical Trials Register with the number DRKS00004458.

title: Randomized multicenter follow-up trial on the effect of radiotherapy for @entity3444 ( XXXX heels spur) depending on dose and fractionation - a study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful heel spur', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: Keloids are abnormal fibrous growths of the dermis that develop only in response to wounding and represent a form of @entity1489 . Previous studies have shown increased protein levels of TGF-beta in keloid tissue, suggesting a strong association with keloid formation leading us to examine mechanisms for why it is more highly expressed in keloids. Here, we use serum stimulation as an in vitro model to mimic a component of the wound microenvironment and examine differential gene expression in keloid @entity1 fibroblasts (KFs) vs. normal @entity1 fibroblasts (NFs). Transcription of @entity6474 was rapid and peaked between 1 and 6 h after serum stimulation in KFs vs. NFs. We confirmed increased TGF-beta activity in the conditioned medium from KFs, but not NFs. Inhibition of second messenger signaling pathways demonstrated that only the p38 MAPK inhibitor @entity1441 could block upregulation of @entity6474 following serum stimulation in KFs. Immunoblotting demonstrated that p38 MAPK was phosphorylated within 15 min and was maintained at a high level in KFs but not in NFs. The transcription factors activating transcription factor-2 and @entity2498 -1 are activated by p38 MAPK, and also showed rapid and prolonged phosphorylation kinetics in KFs but not in NFs. In conclusion, increased @entity6474 transcription in response to serum stimulation in KFs appears to be mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. This suggests the mechanism of keloid pathogenesis may be due in part to an inherent difference in how the fibroblasts respond to wounding.

title: P38 MAP kinase mediates transforming growth factor-beta2 transcription in XXXX keloid fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['benign skin tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study long-term results in @entity1 undergoing uvulopalatal flap (UPF) for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). DESIGN: Prospective, clinical trial at tertiary referral center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was undertaken on 83 @entity27 @entity1 with @entity2419 based on radiography and physical findings. UPF was conducted to increase the airway space and data were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1 had a mean age of 36.5    12.3 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.4    4.3 kg/m(2) . The mean follow-up was 54.2    8.9 months, with a range of 48 to 62 months. The mean baseline @entity27 index (AHI), short-term AHI, and long-term AHI were 45.6    10.3, 13.4    5.2, and 19.4    5.1, respectively. The mean baseline lowest @entity26 saturation (LSAT), short-term LSAT, and long-term LSAT were 82.6    5.4%, 89.2    4.8%, and 88.1    3.2%, respectively. Forty-three @entity1 (51.8%) had long-term success, and 15 @entity1 (25.8%) had an increase in the AHI over the follow-up period such that they were no longer considered success by traditional AHI criteria. Serious complications were not encountered. CONCLUSIONS: UPF is a safe and effective procedure that results in long-term success for @entity27 . However, a regular follow-up is important because some @entity1 will relapse in the long term.

title: XXXX : short-term and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Uvulopalatal flap for obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate resuscitation of @entity519 @entity1 is fundamental in emergency admissions. To achieve this, it is standard practice of ambulance staff to administer high concentrations of @entity26 to @entity1 who may be in respiratory distress. A proportion of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 will become hypercapnic on this. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A scheme was agreed between the authors' hospital and the local ambulance service, whereby @entity1 with a history of previous @entity520 with a Pao2 >10.0 kPa--indicating that @entity26 may have worsened the @entity2944 --are issued with "O2 Alert" cards and a 24% Venturi mask. The @entity1 are instructed to show these to ambulance and A_E staff who will then use the mask to avoid excessive oxygenation. The scheme was launched in 2001 and this paper present the results of an audit of the scheme in 2004. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 were issued with cards, and 14 were readmitted on 69 occasions. Sufficient documentation for auditing purposes was available for 52 of the 69 episodes. Of these audited admissions, 63% were managed in the ambulance, in line with card-holder protocol. This figure rose to 94% in the accident and emergency department. CONCLUSION: These data support the usability of such a scheme to prevent @entity2944 in emergency admissions.

title: @entity26 alert cards and controlled @entity26 : preventing emergency admissions at risk of XXXX receiving high inspired @entity26 concentrations in ambulances and A_E departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic hypercapnia', 'hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['hypercapnic acidosis']


abstract: This study is to determine effect of @entity14213 (AD) on the growth of the @entity1149 cell line H3255. Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), and the activity of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) were also detected. The H3255 cells were treated with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0  M AD for 24 h. @entity98 assay was performed to examine cell viability. Levels of @entity7 and @entity2533 were detected by ELISA. The ATPase activity and @entity7131 activity were tested. AD treatments decreased cell viability via a concentration-dependent manner, leading to decreases in the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities (P < 0.05). AD also increased levels of the DNA fragmentation and releasing of @entity880 dehydrogenase. AD also reduced @entity7 and @entity2533 levels, and inhibited @entity7131 activities in H3255 cells (P < 0.05). AD inhibits proliferation of @entity2 cells via a concentration-dependent manner by a mechanism related to reducing levels of @entity7 and @entity2533 . Thus, AD might be a potent @entity2 agent.

title: XXXX inhibits proliferation of human @entity2 cells and the related mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['anti-lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor b1']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity14213 :: ('MESH:C030419', 'Chemical') :: ['Andrographolide']

answer: @entity14213 :: (MESH:C030419,Chemical) :: ['Andrographolide']


abstract: @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, without @entity167 , where @entity2973 and @entity28 are determinants. Ecosonografia evaluated the prevalence of @entity1560 in @entity28 pediatric @entity1 and its relation to nutritional assessment. The sample consisted of 85 @entity1 (51 females, 34 males), age 3-17. The abdominal ecosonography, BMI, waist circumference were performed; Godard Test for physical activity, history of @entity6 , @entity2299 , @entity28 and @entity65 were questioned. Lipid profile, @entity413 and insulin resistance were determined. Data analyzed from descriptive and comparative tables. We obtained: mean age 9.8    2.7 females and males 9.6    2.7 years. The ecosonography indicated 50% and 50% fatty @entity409 in @entity1 aged 3-6 years; 7-11 years 39.7% fatty @entity409 (p > 0.05); BMI > 26 kg/m2 42.9% fatty @entity409 ; 21 to 25 kg/m2 44.7% @entity1560 ; 15 to 20 kg/m2 60%fatty @entity409 (p> 0.05). 97.6% with high CC; 68.2% with inadequate physical activity; high frequency of history of chronic non-communicable diseases. We concluded that this population had predominantly @entity1560 (HG-RGP) in the groups with higher BMI, CC and high male unrelated insulin resistance, altered lipid profile and diagnosis HG. We inferred that the anthropometric assessment of waist circumference and abdominal ecosonography indicate the presence of @entity1144 , a condition that predisposes to @entity1560 , @entity788 .

title: [Prevalence of no alcohol @entity409 ( @entity7936 ) in a population of @entity28 XXXX in Valencia, Venezuela].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and/or liver-pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver fatty replacement of the pancreas', 'hepatic steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver-pancreas', 'liver-pancreas fatty liver', 'liver-pancreas; 12-17yrs 31.6% fatty liver-pancreas']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'No Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity has hampered the clinical usefulness of amphotericin-B (AmpB). Recently, vascular decongestants, such as pentoxifylline, have shown benefit in reducing drug-associated renal damage of AmpB in @entity35 . The present study investigated a dose-dependent protection of a structurally similar methylxanthine, @entity60072 , in the @entity7553 @entity35 model given a single dose of AmpB. Forty-eight hours after inoculation with @entity5132 , each @entity35 was treated with 0.8 mg/kg of AmpB or sterile water; animals were further randomized to receive 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg i.v. of @entity60072 or saline given every 12 h for 3 doses. Kidney fungal counts, morphology, and renal function were compared between treatment groups upon completion of the study. @entity35 administered AmpB with @entity60072 had markedly improved renal function compared with those given AmpB alone; these effects were independent of the administered dose of @entity60072 . The antifungal effect of AmpB was not impaired with concomitant @entity60072 . Marked accumulation of @entity738 and organisms was found in all @entity35 groups. In summary, coadministration of low doses of @entity60072 attenuated the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity without impairing the antifungal effect of AmpB.

title: Attenuation of amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in the @entity7553 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: The goal of this study was to compare functional outcomes of @entity1 with @entity174 treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to those treated with partial patellectomy (PP). DESIGN:: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:: Urban Level I Trauma Center @entity1 :: Seventy three @entity1 with @entity572 @entity174 underwent operative treatment between 1/1/02-12/31/09 at our institution. Of these, 52 (71%) @entity1 with isolated @entity174 with minimum 1 year follow-up agreed to participate and were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTION:: Partial patellectomy or ORIF MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:: @entity1 completed outcome questionnaires and participated in a physical exam. Outcome instruments included the Knee Outcome Survey - Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS), SF-36 Health Survey, and Short Form Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Survey (SF-MFAS). RESULTS:: Twenty six @entity1 underwent partial patellectomy and 26 underwent ORIF. There were no significant differences in any of the functional outcome instruments including KOS-ADLS [ORIF: 64.1  11; PP: 62.1  7.9; p=0.76], SF-36 Physical Component score [ORIF: 40.8  5.4; PP: 41.1  5.2; p=0.94], SF-36 Mental Component [ORIF: 47.7  5.1; PP: 51.8  4.9; p=0.19], SMFA Function Index [ORIF: 28.6  9.1; PP: 27.7  6.7; p=0.78] or SMFA Bother Index [ORIF: 26.0  9.7; PP: 23.6  8.8; p = 0.72]. Complication rates did not differe significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION:: This study demonstrates that functional impairment persists after operative treatment of @entity174 . Both ORIF and PP demonstrated similar final range of motion, functional scores and complication rates. Despite its purported benefits, in this study ORIF did not result in superior outcomes compared to PP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Fix It Or Discard It? A Retrospective Analysis Of Functional Outcomes After Surgically Treated XXXX Comparing ORIF With Partial Patellectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['isolated displaced']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['patella fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Patella Fractures']


abstract: The @entity1 with late @entity626 joint were given oral @entity803 to label the newly formed bone tissues before they were subjected to high tibial osteotomies or @entity3331 replacements. During the operation, the @entity3808 subchondral bone tissue of the tibia and/or femur were procured. The bone specimens were processed into undecalcified sections and studied under fluorescence microscope. Apart from the autofluorescence of the trabeculae, strips of golden green labelled fluorescence of high intensity were noted along their peripheries, indicating that there were formatting and deposition of new bone along the periphery of the trabeculae. These new bone tissues were produced by the osteoblasts abutting the trabecular periphery. In the fatty tissues of the marrow interstices between the trabeculae, scattered dots and small flakes of golden green labelled fluorescence emerged at first. Then the labelled-fluorescent dots and flakes agglomerated into large pieces of more intense fluorescence with concomitant decrease in fatty tissues. Eventually, these large pieces of labelled fluorescence fused with those of the trabeculae and there was a further decrease in fatty tissues. These findings suggested that the formation and deposition of new bone tissues in the marrow interstices proceeded according to above three stages. The new bone tissues were produced by marrow stromal cells. The two kinds of new bone tissues increased the bone mass and rendered @entity3808 changes in upper end of the tibia and lower end of the femur in @entity626 .

title: [Subchondral bone tissues in XXXX : a @entity803 labelling study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee', 'osteoarthritis of knee joint']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of knee joint']