abstract: We have investigated the potential of @entity1 pluripotent cells to restore function in @entity35 paralyzed with a virus-induced @entity17589 . Cells derived from embryonic germ cells, termed embryoid body-derived (EBD) cells, introduced into the CSF were distributed extensively over the rostrocaudal length of the spinal cord and migrated into the spinal cord parenchyma in paralyzed, but not uninjured, animals. Some of the transplanted @entity1 cells expressed the neuroglial progenitor marker nestin, whereas others expressed immunohistochemical markers characteristic of astrocytes or mature neurons. Rare transplanted cells developed immunoreactivity to @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and sent axons into the sciatic nerve as detected by retrograde labeling. Paralyzed animals transplanted with EBD cells partially recovered motor function 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation, whereas control animals remained paralyzed. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that the efficiency of neuronal differentiation and extension of neurites could not account for the functional recovery. Rather, transplanted EBD cells protected host neurons from death and facilitated reafferentation of motor neuron cell bodies. In vitro, EBD cells secrete @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ). Neutralizing antibodies to @entity7790 and to @entity2252 abrogated the ability of EBD-conditioned media to sustain motor neuron survival in culture, whereas neutralizing antibodies to @entity2252 eliminated the axonal outgrowth from spinal organotypics observed with direct coculture of EBD cells. We conclude that cells derived from @entity1 pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to restore neurologic function in animals with @entity4681 via enhancement of host neuron survival and function.

title: @entity1 embryonic germ cell derivatives facilitate motor recovery of XXXX with diffuse motor neuron injury.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuronopathy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate @entity323 ( @entity323 ) using a validated self-administered 5-item questionnaire (5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-5]) and the use of @entity7855 in community-dwelling older @entity1 . METHODS: In October 1998, the IIEF-5 was mailed to all surviving members of an established community-based cohort of older @entity1 . The degree of @entity323 was stratified by the erectile function domain score as complete (4 or less), severe (5 to 10), moderate (11 to 14), mild (15 to 18), or none (19 to 20). @entity1 were also asked about @entity7855 use and its effectiveness. RESULTS: A total of 976 @entity1 (64%) responded to the questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire construct was confirmed, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96 for all 5 questions. Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 younger than 50 years were sexually active compared with 37% of @entity1 older than age 80. Twenty-six percent of sexually active @entity1 reported complete (3%), severe (10.5%), or moderate (12.6%) @entity323 . The prevalence of moderate or complete @entity323 increased with age and was reported by 58% of @entity1 aged 75 to 79 years. Eleven percent of sexually active @entity1 had used @entity7855 one or more times, with 63% reporting good or "terrific" effects and 11% reporting no benefit. The response to @entity7855 deteriorated with age and increasing degree of @entity323 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this community-based study confirm the strong correlation between advancing age and the prevalence and degree of @entity323 , with 33% of @entity1 aged 75 and older reporting at least moderate @entity323 . Nevertheless, more than 33% of @entity1 older than 75 years remained sexually active. Of the 660 sexually active @entity1 , 81% reported satisfaction with sexual intercourse; only 11% had tried @entity7855 .

title: Community-based study of @entity323 and XXXX use: the Rancho Bernardo study.

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study presents the institutional experience of the use of vomer flap for early closure of @entity2419 during unilateral complete @entity3384 . The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate of the vomer flap and to investigate its effect on the subsequent palatoplasty. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis includes 101 @entity8468 @entity1 with @entity3384 who received a vomer flap for the closure of the @entity2419 during @entity3384 . @entity1 were aged 6 months to 28 years (median 1 year). Success rates of the vomer flaps were assessed clinically and through pre-operative photographs taken at the time of subsequent palate repair. Ninety-two @entity1 returned for second-stage palate repair, and 74 @entity1 with adequate post-operative follow-up information were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Of the 101 @entity1 who were operated with primary lip repair and simultaneous vomer flap, only 54 (52.4%) vomer flaps healed completely. Out of 92 @entity1 who returned for subsequent palatoplasty, 71 (77.2%) were operated with the two-flap technique, and 19 (20.7%) received von Langenbeck repairs. Seven (9.1%) @entity1 had a surgical complication. The failure of previous vomer repair and von Langenbeck surgical technique were identified as factors associated with @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that failed vomer flaps increased the risks of complications in the subsequent palate repair. Furthermore, efforts to use von Langenbeck technique rather than the two-flap technique also resulted in @entity455 . As a result, we have abandoned the use of the vomer flap with primary lip repair.

title: The efficacy of vomer flap for closure of XXXX during primary lip repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increased surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['hard palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['complete unilateral cleft lip', 'cleft-lip repair']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['hard palate']


abstract: Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose titration of @entity16243 to prevent the Rhodes Index of @entity390 , @entity391 , and Retching (RINVR). Methods. @entity1 treated with @entity1501 , @entity1487 , and @entity901 were randomized into three groups (0.3   mg, 0.45   mg, and 0.6   mg @entity16243 before chemotherapy). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics using RINVR were evaluated. Results. Seventeen, 15, and 18 @entity1 received @entity16243 at doses of 0.3   mg, 0.45   mg, and 0.6   mg, respectively. T max (h), C max (ng/mL), and AUClast (ng  h/mL) were associated with dose escalation significantly, showing a reverse correlation with the RINVR during chemotherapy. Acute CINV was observed in four @entity1 (22.2%), two @entity1 (14.3%), and one (5.6%) @entity1 and a delayed CINV on day 7 was found in eight (47%), three (21.4%), and five (27.8%) @entity1 in each group. The complete response rate was increased with dose escalation (35.3%, 50.0%, and 72.2% in each group) and also showed the tendency for decreasing moderate-to-severe CINV. Conclusions. This study shows a trend regarding the dose-response relationship for @entity16243 to prevent CINV, including delayed @entity391 . It suggested that dose escalation should be considered in @entity1 with CINV in a subsequent cycle of chemotherapy, and an individual approach using RINVR could be useful to monitor CINV.

title: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study of Dose Comparison of XXXX to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced @entity390 and @entity391 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['Vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity16243 :: ('MESH:C071315', 'Chemical') :: ['ramosetron']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity16243 :: (MESH:C071315,Chemical) :: ['Ramosetron']


abstract: Improving the stability of firefly luciferase has been a critical issue for its wider industrial applications. Studies about hyperthermophile proteins show that flexibility could be an effective indicator to find out weak spots to engineering thermostability of proteins. However, the relationship among flexibility, activity and stability in most of proteins is unclear. @entity1521 is the most rigid residue and can be introduced to rigidify flexible regions to enhance thermostability of proteins. We firstly apply three different methods, @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulation, B-FITTER and @entity2003 optimized dynamics algorithm (FRODA) to determine the flexible regions of Photinus pyralis luciferase: Fragment 197-207; Fragment 471-481 and Fragment 487-495. Then, introduction of @entity1521 is used to rigidify these flexible regions. Two mutants @entity64920 and @entity64921 within most flexible regions are finally designed. In the results, @entity64921 mutant shows improved thermostability while maintaining its catalytic efficiency compared to that of wild type luciferase. Flexibility analysis confirms that the @entity2003 and @entity2003 of @entity64921 mutant are greatly strengthened. @entity64920 mutant shows decreased thermosatbility and the reason for this is elucidated at the molecular level. @entity64922 mutation is randomly chosen outside the flexible regions as a control. Thermostability analysis shows that @entity64922 mutation has decreased kinetic stability and enhanced thermodynamic stability.

title: The role of XXXX substitutions within flexible regions on thermostability of luciferase.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['framework rigidity', 'local rigidity', 'overall rigidity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline', 'Proline']

answer: @entity1521 :: (CHEBI:26271,Chemical) :: ['proline']


abstract: Traumatic basal @entity510 (TBSH) following trauma to the head, face or neck is well-established as a cause of @entity204 ; however it remains a heavily disputed topic as the site of @entity1317 is difficult to identify. Whilst many regions within the vasculature of the head and neck have been proposed as more susceptible to @entity5525 remains the focal point of many investigations. We present a retrospective case review of TBSH in our forensic centre at Forensic and Scientific Services in Brisbane, Australia, from 2003 to 2011. Thirteen cases of TBSH were found, one case excluded due to @entity455 . All decedents were male, the majority of which were involved in an altercation receiving blows to the head, face, or neck and were unconscious at the scene. All victims were under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or a combination thereof. External examination revealed @entity542 , face, and neck in all cases. Various combinations of further examination techniques were used during the post-mortem examination including brain and/or cervical spine retention, CT imaging, and angiography. @entity1317 was identified in eight of the twelve cases, all of which occurred intracranially, with seven involving the vertebral artery. Histology was most reliable in identifying the @entity397 site and angiography failed to reveal a @entity397 site. The added benefits of histology over angiography are the ability to identify the microscopic architecture of the tear and to diagnose @entity455 that may have rendered the individual more susceptible to TBSH.

title: The source of haemorrhage in traumatic basal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['rupture, the vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the head']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury', 'vascular injury']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: AIMS: The research was initiated to confirm earlier ultraviolet (u.v.) light inactivation studies performed on Giardia cysts using excystation as the viability indicator. Following this, a comparison of in vitro excystation and animal infectivity was performed for assessing cyst viability after exposure to low-pressure u.v. irradiation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cysts of Giardia muris were inactivated using a low-pressure u.v. light source. Giardia muris was employed as a surrogate for the @entity1 pathogen @entity461 . @entity45 was determined by both in vitro excystation and animal infectivity. Cyst doses were counted using a flow cytometer for the animal infectivity experiments. Using in vitro excystation as the viability indicator, fluences as high as approximately 200 mJ cm(-2) did not prevent some cysts from excysting, thus verifying earlier work. Using animal infectivity, u.v. fluences of 1.4, 1.9 and 2.3 mJ cm(-2) yielded log10 reductions ranging from 0.3 to >or= 4.4. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that in vitro excystation is not a reliable indicator of @entity19443 cyst viability after u.v. disinfection. Very low doses of u.v. light rendered @entity19443 cysts non-infective in the @entity19 model employed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Data presented represent the only complete u.v. inactivation curve for @entity19443 . This research provides evidence that u.v. can be an effective barrier against Giardia spp. in the treatment of drinking water supplies.

title: Low pressure ultraviolet studies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Cyst viability']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['inactivation of Giardia muris cysts']


abstract: A 73-year old @entity1 showed visual and @entity1054 following bilateral @entity548 . @entity1054 was present in both hands, as shown by his impaired recognition of objects, geometrical shapes, letters and nonsense shapes. Basic somatosensory functions and the appreciation of substance qualities (hylognosis) were preserved. The @entity1 's inability to identify the stimulus shape (morphagnosia) was associated with a striking impairment in detecting the orientation of a line or a rod in two- and three-dimensional space. This @entity51 was thought to underlie morphagnosia, since in the tactile modality form recognition is built upon the integration of the successive changes of orientation in space made by the hand as it explores the stimulus. Indirect support for this hypothesis was provided by the location of the lesions, which could not account for the severe @entity73 . Only those located in the right hemisphere encroached upon the posterior parietal cortex, which is the region assumed to be specialised in shape recognition. The left hemisphere damage spared the corresponding area and could not, therefore, be held responsible for the right hand @entity1054 . We submit that @entity1054 can result from the disruption of two discrete mechanisms and has different features. It may arise from a parietal lesion damaging the high level processing of somatosensory information that culminates in the structured description of the object. In this case, tactile recognition is impaired in the hand contralateral to the side of the lesion. Alternatively, it may be caused by a profound derangement of spatial skills, particularly those involved in detecting the orientation in space of lines, segments and complex patterns. This deficit results in morphagnosia, which affects both hands to the same degree.

title: Tactile morphagnosia secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of both hands']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['spatial deficit']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['tactile agnosia', 'Tactile agnosia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['spatial deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity3391 -R @entity198 occurs predominantly in younger @entity1 and is often comorbid with @entity43 , a feature that is often absent in @entity1 . Here, we report our experience with two pediatric @entity1 , in whom no @entity5 were present during treatment for @entity198 , but in whom @entity43 developed without @entity198 relapse after treatment was completed. CASES: @entity1 1 was a 14-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed due to characteristic symptoms and anti- @entity3391 -R antibody. MRI scanning during treatment revealed no @entity43 , but a @entity5 developed in the right ovary 10months after onset. Another @entity5 developed in the left ovary 3years after onset, and a @entity43 was confirmed after bilateral partial ovariectomy. @entity1 2 was an 11-year old @entity1 who was also diagnosed due to characteristic symptoms and anti- @entity3391 -R antibody. Imaging during treatment revealed no @entity43 , but a 2.5-cm @entity5 mass was found in the left ovary 10months after onset, and a @entity43 was confirmed after partial ovariectomy. DISCUSSION: This case report suggests the need for regular @entity5 screening after treatment for anti- @entity3391 @entity198 because of potential subsequent @entity5 development, even in pediatric @entity1 who initially present with no comorbid @entity5 . No analysis of relapse risk has yet been reported in cases of @entity5 development after treatment, and at this point, whether or not resection is needed to prevent relapse remains unclear. However, because @entity44 usually grow, have an associated risk of torsion, and can be malignant, @entity5 removal should be considered.

title: XXXX development after anti- @entity3391 @entity198 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'girl', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratoma', 'ovarian teratomas', 'ovarian tumors', 'mature ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['receptor encephalitis', 'encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian teratoma']


abstract: The response of phytoplankton assemblages to the closure of urban sewage outfalls (USOs) was examined for the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Mediterranean @entity7885 ), a productive semi-enclosed coastal marine ecosystem devoted to shellfish farming. Phytoplankton dynamics were investigated in relation to environmental variables, with a particular emphasis on harmful @entity10673 (HABs). Recent analyses evidenced a general reduction of the inorganic nutrient loads, except for @entity3362 and @entity7182 . Also phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and abundances were characterized by a decrease of the values, except for the inner area of the basin (second inlet). The phytoplankton composition changed, with nano-sized species, indicators of @entity558 , becoming dominant over micro-sized species. If the closure of the USOs affected phytoplankton dynamics, however, it did not preserve the Mar Piccolo from HABs and @entity519 crises. About 25 harmful species have been detected throughout the years, such as the potentially domoic acid producers Pseudo-nitzschia cf. galaxiae and P seudo-nitzschia cf. multistriata, identified for the first time in these waters. The presence of HABs represents a threat for @entity1 health and aquaculture. Urgent initiatives are needed to improve the communication with authorities responsible for environmental protection, economic development, and public health for a sustainable mussel culture in the Mar Piccolo.

title: Phytoplankton dynamics with a special emphasis on harmful XXXX in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian @entity7885 , Italy).

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicates']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['oligotrophic conditions']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['algal blooms']

answer: @entity10673 :: (MESH:D001816,Disease) :: ['algal blooms']


abstract: CONTEXT: Lateral @entity3681 (LAS) is one of the most common @entity130 in active individuals. @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ) is a condition that commonly occurs following LAS and is associated with long term disability and a high risk of multiple @entity3681 . Ankle taping is a commonly used intervention for the prevention of @entity3681 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze the ankle joint coupling using vector coding during walking and jogging gait with the application of ankle tape and without ankle tape in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability. DESIGN: This was an observational laboratory study design. @entity1 walked and jogged on an instrumented treadmill while taped and not taped. Fifteen strides for each subject were collected and analyzed using a vector coding technique to compare magnitude coupled motion, ratio of coupled motion and the variability (VCV) within groups. Within-group means and 90% confidence intervals (CI) were compared between the taped and not taped condition and where the CI did not overlap was considered significant. SETTING: A 12 camera 3D motion capture system with instrumented treadmill. @entity1 : Twelve @entity1 with @entity3681 and 11 healthy controls were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: magnitude to coupled motion, ratio of coupled motion and the variability (VCV) of @entity17237 -rearfoot joint coupling. RESULTS: Magnitude of coupled motion and VCV was significantly lower in a taped condition compared to the non-taped condition in both groups. Magnitude differences were identified near initial contact during walking and during swing phase of jogging. VCV differences were identified throughout the gait cycle at both walking and jogging. No differences were identified in theta between tape and non-taped conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in the magnitude of coupled motion and VCV may represent a protective mechanism of ankle taping in @entity3681 and healthy @entity1 during gait.

title: Ankle Taping Alters XXXX -Rearfoot Joint Coupling During Gait in @entity1 With Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain', 'ankle sprains', 'Chronic ankle instability', 'CAI']

answer: @entity17237 :: (22941,Gene) :: ['Shank']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity occurs commonly in @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ), and GC therapy is associated with major adverse effects. A reliable and easily accessible biomarker is required to predict the outcome of GC therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of circulating microRNA (miRNA) to predict GC insensitivity in @entity6875 @entity1 . A total of 35 consecutive @entity1 were included in this study. A cumulative dose of 4.5  g of methylprednisolone (MP) was administered intravenously for 12  weeks. Pretreatment serum miRNAs from the best- (N  =  5) and worst- (N  =  4) responding @entity1 were profiled using miScript PCR arrays and validated by quantitative PCR in all @entity1 . We calculated the predictive value of pretreatment assays of serum miRNAs with regard to GC insensitivity. We further investigated the roles of target miRNAs in modulating NF-kB activity and restoring transrepression of an NF-kB reporter by dexamethasone. Nine miRNAs displayed significant differences between responsive and resistant @entity1 by miScript PCR arrays. Validation of the top two miRNAs in all 35 @entity1 confirmed a significantly lower serum level of miR-224-5p (p  =  0.0048) in resistant @entity1 . A multivariate logistic regression model identified a composite biomarker combining baseline serum miR-224-5p and TRAb was independently associated with GC response (OR: 2.565, 95  % CI 1.011-6.505, p  =  0.047). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis revealed the composite marker combining miR-224-5p and TRAb led to a 91.67  % positive prediction value ( @entity2286 ) and a 69.56  % negative prediction value (NPV) with regard to GC resistance. Overexpression of miR-224-5p restored transrepression of the NF-kB reporter by dexamethasone under induced resistance, which may be via targeting @entity9459 to increase GR protein level. Our study demonstrated baseline serum miR-224-5p was associated with GC sensitivity in @entity6875 and in vitro overexpression of miR-224-5p restored GC sensitivity in a resistant cell model. A parameter combined serum miR-224-5p and TRAb could effectively predict GC sensitivity in @entity6875 @entity1 .

title: Circulating microRNA predicts insensitivity to glucocorticoid therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Doppler pressure measurements are a useful diagnostic tool in peripheral @entity432 . The aim of our study was to determine whether these pressure values do predict the degree of impairment of the walking capacity in symptomatic @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared the @entity613 distances ( @entity6659 : initial @entity613 distance, @entity13685 : absolute @entity613 distance) of 939 @entity1 (63 +/- 11 years) with stable intermittent @entity613 (Fontaine IIb) with the ankle pressure values at rest ( @entity1488 ) and after exercise (APE), with the ankle/brachial pressure index at rest (ABIR) and after exercise (ABIE), and with the ratio (ABIRATIO = ABIE/ABIR). Ankle systolic pressures were obtained using an 8 MHz Doppler probe. @entity1050 was measured by a treadmill test at constant-load conditions (3 km/hr; inclination 12%). Brachial systolic pressures were obtained using an automated blood pressure monitor. The values of the objectively worse leg were correlated with @entity6659 and @entity13685 . RESULTS: Low Doppler pressure values were not accompanied by significantly shorter walking distances in symptomatic @entity1 . The resting pressure values ( @entity1488 , ABIR) did not correlate with the @entity613 distances ( @entity6659 : 54 +/- 31 m; @entity13685 : 87 +/- 41 m). For the exercise values (APE, ABIE), even a very slight inverse correlation with the @entity613 distances was found. In addition, the correlation between the pressure index ratio and the walking distances (ABIRATIO vs. @entity6659 : r = -0.25, p < 0.01; ABIRATIO vs. @entity13685 : r = -0.20, p < 0.01) was inverse, too, but slightly more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity613 and the indices derived from these pressure values do not predict the walking distance. Therefore, the decision for angioplasty or bypass surgery should be made with regards to the impairment of quality of life rather than Doppler pressure values.

title: Exercise capacity and Doppler pressure measurements in symptomatic peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication the ankle artery pressures', 'claudication']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstructive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial obstructive disease']


abstract: The interest in developing @entity78 cement (CPC) as a drug delivery system has risen because of its capability to achieve local and controlled treatment to the site of the @entity79 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the release pattern of drug-carrying @entity4880 -functionalized multi-walled @entity505 nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced monetite ( @entity29913 , @entity45609 )-based CPC. @entity16626 ( @entity16626 ), a small peptide molecule inhibiting NF-kB-mediated osteoclastic resorption, was used as a model drug. @entity16626 was added into the cement during setting and released into the medium used to culture indicator cells. Significant cell death was observed in osteoblast @entity19 cells cultured in the medium incubated with @entity16626 -loaded CPC; however, with the presence of MWCNTs in the cement, the toxic effect was not detectable. NF-kB activation was quantified using a NF-kB promoter-driving luciferase reporter in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells. The medium collected after incubation with drug-incorporated CPC with or without MWCNT inhibited @entity637 -induced NF-kB activation indicating that the effective amount of @entity16626 was released. CPC/drug complex showed a rapid release within 24h whereas incorporation of MWCNTs attenuated this burst release effect. In addition, suppression of @entity637 -induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cell culture also confirmed the sustained release of MWCNT/CPC/drug. Our data demonstrated the drug delivery capability of this cement composite, which can potentially be used to carry therapeutic molecules to improve bone regeneration in conjunction with its @entity174 stabilizing function. Furthermore, it suggested a novel approach to lessen the burst release effect of the CPC-based drug delivery system by incorporating functionalized MWCNTs.

title: Sustained release of small molecules from XXXX nanotube-reinforced monetite @entity78 cement.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of adolescent @entity1 with severe @entity1277 who refuse treatment for @entity353 is complicated. Nutritional rehabilitation is most important during the growth period; thus, strong support in the form of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as soon as possible is necessary in severe cases. No studies involving detailed, long-term follow up have evaluated biochemical markers and gonadotropin in @entity1 undergoing TPN treatment. METHODS: Twenty-five adolescent female @entity1 admitted to hospital received TPN immediately, and biochemical marker and gonadotropin levels were measured and analyzed. If subsequent weight gain was observed, TPN treatment was gradually reduced and stopped. RESULTS: No @entity1 dropped out of the study. A significant increase in weight was observed during hospitalization (average, 8.0 kg). Under this treatment, serum total @entity648 was significantly decreased at 3 months, total @entity165 was significantly decreased at 2 months, and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) was significantly increased at 3 and 6 months. Follicle-stimulating hormone response significantly preceded both luteinizing hormone response and appetite recovery. After this treatment, nine of the 25 @entity1 were readmitted for recurrence of @entity1277 . Two @entity1 required additional TPN treatment, but seven immediately recovered their appetite after hospitalization without TPN treatment. Bodyweight gain per day was significantly lower and @entity623 on admission was significantly higher in @entity1 with than without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 had a remarkable recovery of appetite without refusal behaviors and without evidence of @entity3147 after admission. Nutrition maintenance with TPN support is particularly important during the growth period.

title: Total parenteral nutrition treatment efficacy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['adolescent eating disorders']


abstract: Many @entity1 have misconceptions about the intrauterine device, or IUD. The IUD is a safe and effective contraceptive method for many @entity1 . It is more effective than the condom, diaphragm, or spermicides, and also is more convenient than these methods, since it doesn't interfere with different sexual activities. The IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device containing either @entity920 or @entity1420 , and is inserted by a doctor into a @entity1 's uterus. A thin plastic thread (1-2 inches long) protrudes through the cervix so that the user can cross-check to make sure the device is in place. Depending on the IUD type, small amounts of @entity920 or @entity1420 are slowly released to prevent fertilization of the egg, or to prevent a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall. The IUD with @entity1420 must be replaced once a year, while the IUD with @entity920 may be left in for up to 10 years. The IUD is a good choice for @entity1 who can't take oral contraceptives and for @entity1 who have completed their families but want surgical sterilization. Because the IUD carries a slightly higher risk of @entity5849 (a fertilized egg that implants outside the uterus), it is not usually recommended for @entity1 who already are at increased risk of the condition, such as those who have had a @entity5280 , a previous @entity5849 or multiple sex partners. Common side effects of the IUD include some discomfort while the IUD is being inserted and some cramping and spotting during the first few weeks after insertion. Menstrual periods usually become slightly longer and heavier in @entity1 using the @entity920 IUD, but become lighter in @entity1 using the @entity1420 IUD. Occasionally, the IUD will slip partially out of the uterus or be expelled entirely in the first few months.

title: Effective, despite misconceptions. The IUD with @entity1420 must be replaced once a year, while the IUD with XXXX may be left in for up to 10 years.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular structures that regulate neutral lipid homeostasis. In mammals, LD synthesis is inhibited by @entity3446 , a known inhibitor of the @entity13407 pathway. In @entity375 , LD dynamics is modulated by the growth phase, however the regulatory pathways involved are unknown. Therefore, we decided to study the role of the @entity13407 pathway on LD metabolism in @entity375 . Interestingly, @entity3446 treatment resulted in a fast LDs replenishment and growth inhibition. The discovery that osmotic stress (1M @entity5121 ) also induced LD synthesis but not growth inhibition, suggested that the induction of LDs in @entity375 is not a secondary response to reduced growth. Induction of LDs by @entity3446 was due to increased @entity1674 but not sterol esters synthesis. Induction was dependent on the TOR downstream effectors, the PP2A-related phosphatase @entity9790 and the regulatory protein @entity23764 . The @entity13407 -controlled transcriptional activators @entity23262 , @entity23263 , @entity12631 and @entity44076 but not @entity23763 and @entity28165 were required for full induction of LDs by @entity3446 . Furthermore, we show that deletion of @entity23262 and @entity23263 transcription factors, which are activated in response to @entity1568 availability, led to abnormal LD dynamics. These results reveal that the @entity13407 pathway is involved in neutral lipid homeostasis in @entity375 .

title: XXXX Inhibition Induces Lipid Droplet Replenishment in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity13407 :: (382056(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TORC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) might be down-staged by chemotherapy from an initially unresectable stage to a resectable stage. Because the @entity5 response to preoperative chemotherapy has been correlated with resection rate, the improved efficacy from the concept that only the @entity1 without @entity984 mutations receive an anti- @entity470 antibody might be expected to increase the conversion rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the conversion rate from unresectable @entity14 to complete resection. METHODS: We conducted a multi-institutional phase II trial for unresectable @entity14 . @entity1 received mFOLFOX6 with either bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) or cetuximab (cet) based on @entity984 status (UMIN000004310). Planned treatment was for six cycles during which @entity5 were assessed for resectability every three cycles. @entity1 whose disease was unresectable after six cycles switched their chemotherapy regimen from mFOLFOX6 to FOLFIRI. The primary endpoint was R0 resection rate. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with unresectable @entity14 were enrolled. A total of 22/12 @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type/mutant (wt/mt) were treated with mFOLFOX6 plus cet/ @entity1493 , respectively. The overall response rate was 64.7% (wt/mt; 77.3%/41.7%, P   =   0.04). In 20 @entity1 (58.8%), hepatectomy was performed according to protocol treatment, and the conversion rate was 72.7%/33.3% in wt/mt @entity1 , respectively (P   =   0.03). Finally, 23 @entity1 (67.6%) underwent hepatectomy, and the conversion rate was 77.2%/50.0% in wt/mt @entity1 (P   =   0.09). The overall R0 resection rate was 47.1% (wt/mt; 50.0%/41.7%, P   =   0.36). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study showed that combined chemotherapy based on @entity984 status can facilitate conversion to resection in @entity1 with unresectable @entity14 .

title: Conversion to complete resection with mFOLFOX6 with bevacizumab or cetuximab based on XXXX status for unresectable @entity14 (BECK study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: To understand the role of ovulation-inducing factor (or nerve growth factor) (OIF [NGF]) in @entity291 seminal plasma, we (1) used an in vivo @entity7857 bioassay to test the hypothesis that @entity291 seminal plasma induces ovulation and CL development in @entity7857 similar to that of @entity7857 seminal plasma when the dose of seminal plasma is adjusted to ovulation-inducing factor content (experiment 1) and (2) determined the effect of @entity291 seminal plasma on the interval to ovulation and luteal development in heifers (experiment 2). Within species, seminal plasma was pooled (n = 160 bulls, n = 4 @entity7857 ), and the volume of seminal plasma used for treatment was adjusted to a total dose of 250  g of ovulation-inducing factor. In experiment 1, mature female @entity7857 were assigned randomly to four groups and treated intramuscularly with either 10 mL of PBS (negative control, n = 5), 50- g @entity1176 (positive control, n = 5), 6-mL of @entity7857 seminal plasma (n = 6), or 12 mL of bull seminal plasma (n = 6). Ovulation and CL development were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. In experiment 2, beef heifers were given a luteolytic dose of @entity3009 followed by 25-mg porcine LH (pLH) 12 hours later to induce ovulation. Heifers were assigned randomly to three groups and given 12 mL @entity291 seminal plasma intramuscularly 12 hours after pLH treatment (n = 10), within 4 hours after ovulation (n = 9), or no treatment (control, n = 10). Ovulation was monitored by ultrasonography every 4 hours, and the CL development was monitored daily until the next ovulation. In experiment 1, ovulation was detected in 0/5, 4/5, 4/6, 4/6 @entity7857 in the PBS, @entity1176 , @entity7857 seminal plasma, and @entity291 seminal plasma groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Luteal development was not different among groups. In experiment 2, the interval to ovulation was more synchronous (range: 4 vs. 22 hours; P < 0.0001) in heifers treated with seminal plasma before ovulation compared with the other groups. Luteal development was not different among groups; however, plasma @entity1420 concentrations tended to be greater in the postovulation treatment group compared with other groups. In summary, results confirmed the presence of bioactive ovulation-inducing factor in bull seminal plasma and supported the hypothesis that @entity291 and @entity7857 seminal plasma have similar ovulatory effects, using a @entity7857 bioassay. Treatment with @entity291 seminal plasma resulted in greater synchrony of ovulation in heifers pretreated with pLH. Plasma @entity1420 concentration tended to be higher in heifers given @entity291 seminal plasma within 4 hours after ovulation, suggesting that @entity291 ovulation-inducing factor is luteotrophic.

title: Bioactivity of ovulation inducing factor (or nerve growth factor) in XXXX seminal plasma and its effects on ovarian function in @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the role of childhood adversities, including parental @entity204 and separation, in the etiology of @entity914 . However, few studies have used prospectively collected data to specifically investigate parental separation across development, or assessed the importance of duration of separation, and family characteristics. METHOD: We measured three types of separation not due to @entity204 : maternal, paternal, and from both parents, across the ages of 1-15 years among a cohort of 985 058 individuals born in Denmark 1971-1991 and followed to 2011. Associations with narrowly and broadly defined @entity161 and @entity162 in the @entity146 register were assessed in terms of separation occurrence, age of separation, and number of years separated. Interactions with parental history of @entity146 were assessed. RESULTS: Each type of separation was associated with all three outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, birth period, calendar year, family history of @entity146 , @entity22550 at birth and parental age. Number of years of paternal separation was positively associated with both @entity161 and @entity162 . Associations between separation from both parents and @entity161 were stronger when separation occurred at later ages, while those with @entity162 remained stable across development. The first occurrence of paternal separation appeared to increase risk more when it occurred earlier in childhood. Associations differed according to parental history of @entity146 , although in no situation was separation protective. CONCLUSIONS: Effects of parental separation may differ by type, developmental timing and family characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of considering such factors in studies of childhood adversity.

title: A population-based study of the risk of XXXX and @entity162 associated with parent-child separation during development.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['urbanicity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity364 following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in a co-managed setting. METHODS: A 35-year-old @entity1 with a preoperative refraction of -13.00 +3.75 x 18 degrees OD, and -12.50 +2.50 x 70 degrees OS underwent bilateral simultaneous PRK. On postoperative day 16, the @entity1 presented with complaints of @entity227 . Examination by the co-managing optometrist revealed a visual acuity of 20/200, and a central corneal @entity1066 . Cultures were not taken and the @entity1 was started on topical @entity800 and @entity12356 1% every hour. The @entity1 was instructed to follow-up with another optometrist closer to the @entity1 's home. Tobradex ( @entity2890 0.3% combined with @entity619 0.1%) was added to the treatment regimen on postoperative day 23, but the @entity1066 continued to worsen. The @entity1 was then referred to an ophthalmologist where corneal cultures were performed, but came back negative. RESULTS: Despite treatment with fortified antibiotics, the @entity1066 perforated, requiring penetrating keratoplasty. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative. Pathology examination of the specimen revealed @entity364 . CONCLUSIONS: Although co-management of refractive @entity1 may be a common practice, it is not without risks. In this case, delayed @entity146 and inappropriate treatment resulted in a poor final outcome.

title: @entity364 after photorefractive keratectomy: delayed XXXX and treatment in a co-managed setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision and foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal hyphae', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['diagnosis']


abstract: Resistin-like molecule alpha ( @entity19129 ) is a secreted @entity462 -rich protein belonging to a newly defined family of proteins, including resistin, @entity65320 , and @entity65321 . Resistin was initially defined based on its insulin resistance activity, but the family members are highly up-regulated in various inflammatory states, especially those involving @entity32 . In this study, we report the role of @entity19129 at baseline and following an experimental model of @entity1960 . @entity19129 was readily detected in the serum at baseline (4-5 ng/ml), and its level was regulated by energy uptake. Retnla(-/-) @entity19 had decreased baseline circulating leptin levels, but displayed normal @entity413 , @entity413 clearance, and insulin levels. Following exposure to the oral innate trigger dextran @entity2397 (DSS), a nonredundant proinflammatory role for @entity19129 was uncovered as Retnla(-/-) @entity19 were markedly protected from DSS-induced disease activity and histopathological features. @entity19129 regulated eosinophil-directed cytokines (e.g., @entity59 , @entity639 /eotaxin-1, and @entity638 / @entity638 ) and @entity636 ex vivo. Consistently, DSS-treated Retnla(-/-) @entity19 displayed substantially decreased eosinophil accumulation and decreased phosphorylation of @entity1991 , @entity8837 , and @entity1995 in macrophages and eosinophils. Following DSS exposure, serum level of @entity19129 was up-regulated, and DSS-treated Retnla(-/-) @entity19 were markedly protected from @entity4854 induced by @entity413 injection independent of changes in insulin levels. Retnla(-/-) @entity19 were protected from increases in gut hormone serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and peptide YY that were induced following DSS treatment. These findings demonstrate a central proinflammatory role for @entity19129 in the regulation of @entity32 and a novel link between @entity1049 , @entity413 tolerance, and energy intake.

title: Resistin-like molecule alpha decreases XXXX tolerance during @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injury']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: An experimental paradigm that assesses one's capacity to perform intermodality attention shifting has proved to be sensitive for @entity1 with @entity76 . The basic experiment includes three conditions, auditory focus, visual focus and shift attention. In the auditory focus condition, the @entity1 is instructed to press a joystick button when they hear the target tone and to ignore the other tone and the two visual stimuli. In the @entity227 , the @entity1 is instructed to press only the button to the target colored square and to ignore the other colored square and the two tones. In the shift attention condition, the @entity1 is instructed to press the button to the first auditory target and then to press to the next visual target. They are instructed to continue to alternate their responses between auditory and visual targets until the trial is complete. Three individuals with @entity3297 ( @entity3297 ), a @entity74 due to the deletion of the @entity2362 gene, were examined under these experimental conditions. Each @entity1 with @entity3297 had previously completed magnetic resonance imaging, and mid-sagittal area measurements had been made of the vermal lobules I-V and VI-VII. Cases were selected on the basis of cerebellar findings: one case was hypoplastic, one was @entity5072 and one had measurements in a range within one standard deviation of average for normal controls. Each of the @entity3297 @entity1 showed a pattern of being impaired in being able to shift their attention rapidly when cue-to-target intervals were less than 2.5 s. Their performance was very similar to previous reports of @entity1 with @entity76 and @entity1 with @entity2438 . All three @entity1 improved their target accuracy when given more time to shift their attention. The three @entity1 did not experience performance deficits to either long or short cue-to-target intervals in the auditory focus or visual focus conditions. The results are consistent with the presence of @entity76 , and are the first to suggest problems with shifting attention in @entity1 with @entity3297 . However, the three @entity3297 @entity1 demonstrated normal joint attention and had none of the social deficits observed in @entity1 with @entity2438 .

title: Shifting attention and joint attention dissociation in XXXX : implications for the cerebellum and social deficits in @entity2438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual focus condition']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams Syndrome', 'WMS']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar abnormalities', 'cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity3297 :: (MESH:D018980,Disease) :: ['Williams syndrome']


abstract: Screening for @entity2 is hoped to reduce mortality from this common @entity5 , which is characterised by a dismal overall survival, relatively well defined risk groups (mainly heavy cigarette smokers and workers exposed to asbestos) and a lack of early symptoms. In the past studies using sputum cytology and chest radiography have failed to demonstrate any reduction in @entity2 mortality through screening. One of the reasons is probably the relatively poor sensitivity of both these tests in early @entity5 . Low radiation dose computed tomography (CT) has been shown to have a much higher sensitivity for small pulmonary nodules, which are believed to be the most common presentation of early @entity2 . As, however, small pulmonary nodules are common and most are not malignant, non-invasive diagnostic algorithms are required to correctly classify the detected lesions and avoid invasive procedures in benign nodules. Nodule density, size and the demonstration of growth at follow-up have been shown to be useful in this respect and may in the future be supplemented by contrast-enhanced CT and positron emission tomography. Based on these diagnostic algorithms preliminary studies of low-dose CT in heavy smokers have demonstrated a high proportion of asymptomatic, early, resectable @entity5 with good survival. As, however, several biases could explain these findings in the absence of the ultimate goal of @entity5 screening, i.e. mortality reduction, most researchers believe that randomised controlled trials including several 10000 subjects are required to demonstrate a possible mortality reduction. Only then general recommendations to screen individuals at risk of @entity2 with low-dose CT should be made. It can be hoped that international cooperation will succeed in providing results as early as possible.

title: XXXX screening with low-dose CT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To automatically assess prostate cancer @entity146 and to map areas of high risk based on quantitative features from Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI). METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with DCE-MRI acquired on 3T Discovery MR750 GE were retrospectively analyzed. Prostate, peripheral zone (PZ) and gluteus maximus (DCEGM) were manually contoured. Unsupervised pattern recognition was used to decompose the DCE data in prostate as the product W.H of k weight maps W and k patterns H, k=3. A well-perfused pattern (quick wash-in) Hwp was identified along with its weight map Wwp. Voxels with weight Wwp>60% determined a well-perfused volume ROIwp. Six quantitative features F were extracted from SROI=mean(ROIwp) and normalized by SGM =mean(DCEGM). Map of @entity146 for feature F was constructed as F-map = (F(SROI, SGM)/mean(Wwp(ROIwp)))*Wwp and validated using 30 positive biopsy targets from 15 @entity1 with MR-US guided biopsies. The relationship between features and Gleason Score (GS) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: For 39 @entity1 with PZ lesion, the volume of ROIwp and GS were significantly correlated. Three features were found statistically significant: late_AUC_ratio (  =0.32,p=0.049), early_AUFC_ratio (  =0.34,p=0.036) and wash-out_ratio (  =0.42,p=0.008), and three features were marginally significant: early_AUC_ratio (  =0.28,p=0.090), wash-in_ratio (   =0.28,p=0.090) and late_AUFC_ratio (  =0.29,p=0.074). For 30 targeted biopsies four features F were significantly correlated with GS: early_AUC_ratio (  = 0.57,p<0.001), wash-in_ratio (  =0.50,p=0.002), early_AUFC_ratio (  = 0.56,p=0.001), and wash-out ratio (  =0.34,p=0.045). AUC for indolent/aggressive for these features were 0.92 for early_AUC_ratio (p=0.018), 0.85 for wash-in_ratio (p=0.053), 0.95 for early_AUFC_ratio (p=0.012), and 0.88 for wash-out_ratio (p=0.032). F-maps were validated plotting F and F-map values for targeted biopsies: R2 correlation coefficients between F and F-map were larger than 0.85 for all features. @entity2357 slope values were between 0.90 and 1.12. CONCLUSION: Quantitative features from DCE-MRI, normalized by muscle are able to assess @entity146 and map the areas of risk in the prostate.

title: MO-DE-207B-02: Assessment and Localization of XXXX in Prostate Cancer Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Aggressiveness']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity1911 is clinically uncommon. @entity1911 @entity1 without @entity101 or symptoms are often misdiagnosed. The @entity1 could be cured by surgical @entity5 . However, surgery is dangerous if the preoperative preparation was not well done. The authors reported their experiences in surgical treatment of @entity1911 . METHODS: Clinical data of 11 @entity1 with @entity1911 were reviewed retrospectively to summarize the management of blood pressure during pre-operation and operation. RESULTS: After excision of the @entity5 , 11 @entity1 have been followed up for 3 months to 10 years. Blood pressure became normal and symptoms vanished in all @entity1 . Only one @entity1 recurred at paraveterbral sympathetic chain 6 months after operation and underwent another operation for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for @entity1911 . The adequate preoperative preparation is very important for successful surgery.

title: [Operative treatment of XXXX : report of 11 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: AIM: To describe experiences of recovery from @entity1279 among young adult @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Most studies into recovery from @entity1277 focus on @entity1278 , although some include both @entity448 and @entity1279 . Recovery has been described as beginning with renewed self-esteem. DESIGN: Qualitative interview study. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 were invited to participate; five @entity1 , between 23-26  years of age, who assessed themselves as healthy for at least 2  years agreed to take part in narrative interviews. Tape-recorded interviews lasting 45-60  minutes (median 49  minutes) were conducted from February-April 2010 and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS: The interviews revealed four themes in recovery from @entity1279 : feeling stuck in @entity1279 , getting ready to change, breaking free of @entity1279 and grasping a new reality, each comprising two or more subthemes. The process of recovery was not linear, but rather went back and forth between progress and relapse. The @entity1 expressed strong ambivalence about leaving the illness behind. An important part of their recovery was their ability to accept themselves. It was essential for their recovery to be supported in developing a unique explanation of the cause of their illness. CONCLUSION: @entity1 's ability to recover from @entity1279 and take control over their lives is based on their self-efficacy. Effective care should therefore strive to strengthen @entity1 's beliefs in their own abilities, to instil hope for recovery and thus to bolster their self-efficacy.

title: A qualitative study of young XXXX 's experiences of recovery from Bulimia Nervosa.

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) has been shown to increase transcription of several genes that could potentially contribute to @entity528 , such as proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and inducible @entity842 synthase. The aim of our study was to investigate whether inhibition of NFkappaB activation could prevent @entity519 / @entity63 (HI)-induced @entity75 in neonatal @entity35 . We used a cell permeable peptide ( @entity61408 binding domain [NBD] peptide) that is known to prevent the association of the regulatory protein @entity61408 with IKK, the kinase that activates NFkappaB. Via this mechanism, the NBD peptide can specifically block the activation of NFkappaB, without inhibiting basal NFkappaB activity. Cerebral HI was induced in neonatal @entity35 by occlusion of the right carotid artery followed by 90 min of @entity519 (Fio(2) = 0.08). Immediately upon reoxygenation, as well as 6 and 12 h later, @entity35 were treated with vehicle or NBD peptide (20 mg/kg i.p.). Histologic analysis of @entity75 was performed at 6 wk after HI. To assess NFkappaB activation, electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed on brain nuclear extracts obtained 6 h after reoxygenation. Increased NFkappaB activity could be shown at 6 h after HI in both hemispheres. Peripheral administration of NBD peptide prevented this HI-induced increase in NFkappaB activity in both hemispheres. Histologic analysis of long-term @entity75 revealed that inhibition of NFkappaB activation by administration of NBD peptide at 0, 6, and 12 h after HI resulted in an @entity528 . In conclusion, our data suggest that inhibition of NFkappaB activation using NBD peptide early after HI increases @entity75 in neonatal @entity35 .

title: Selective inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation after XXXX / @entity63 in neonatal @entity35 is not neuroprotective.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['increment of neuronal damage', 'neuronal damage']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: @entity697 can be a serious life-threatening disease because of its potential for @entity1224 . It is a well-recognised entity in @entity1 but it is uncommon in adults and therefore is often misdiagnosed. In this retrospective study we present twelve cases of acute @entity5847 in adults. The diagnosis was made by visualisation of the @entity2582 using fibreoptic laryngoscopy. The illness was managed using a standardised management protocol (see Appendix). The most frequent symptoms were odynophagia (100%), inability to swallow secretions (83%), sore throat (67%), dyspnoea (58%) and hoarseness (50%). Body temperature was elevated (>37.2 degrees C) in 75% and 50% of the @entity1 had @entity591 (>100 bpm). The supposedly typical sign of stridor was found in only 42% of the cases. A routine oropharyngeal examination does not exclude @entity5847 , 44% of our @entity1 had a normal oropharynx and the diagnosis could only be made following fibreoptic laryngoscopy. Nasotracheal intubation was necessary in four @entity1 . A 40-year-old @entity1 with sore throat, hoarseness, cough and odynophagia was initially seen by a physician. With the suspected diagnosis of an infection - induced exacerbation of @entity565 , he was treated with antibiotics, @entity1443 und @entity288 . On admission six hours later the @entity1 was in @entity772 . The diagnosis was not made until conventional oral endotracheal intubation (without a tracheotomy set placed at the bedside) was attempted. Unfortunately the intubation failed and the @entity1 died. Medical management of @entity5847 in adults includes an antibiotics, NSAIDs and possibly inhalation with @entity1425 . The maintenance of an adequate open airway is the main concern in adults as well as in @entity1 . Although most adults have no signs of @entity1224 , the clinical threshold for insertion of an airway should remain low, as it is the only way of preventing @entity204 . A high index of suspicion is needed to recognise this rare disease correctly and @entity1 must be admitted to a hospital with intensive care facilities, where the diagnosis can be confirmed and intubation performed if necessary and thus reduce the mortality rate.

title: Acute XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['sudden upper airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2582 :: (MESH:C537690,Disease) :: ['epiglottis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: @entity2530 of the femoral head is an important complication of @entity3458 . We studied 2590 @entity1 who were over 5 years of age at entry and followed them for an average of 5.6 years. @entity1 were examined twice a year, and radiographs of the hips were taken at least twice: at study entry and approximately three years later. RESULTS: At study entry, 9.8 percent of @entity1 were found to have @entity2530 of one or both femoral heads. On follow-up, @entity1 with the hemoglobin SS genotype and @entity7723 were at the greatest risk for @entity2530 (age-adjusted incidence rate, 4.5 cases per 100 @entity1 -years, as compared with 2.4 in @entity1 with the hemoglobin SS genotype without @entity7723 and 1.9 in those with the hemoglobin SC genotype). Although the rate of @entity2530 in @entity1 with the hemoglobin SC genotype did not differ significantly from that in @entity1 with the hemoglobin SS genotype without @entity7723 , @entity2530 tended to develop in these @entity1 later in life. Intermediate rates of @entity2530 were observed among @entity1 with the hemoglobin S-beta zero- @entity2395 and the hemoglobin S-beta(+)- @entity2395 genotypes (3.6 and 3.3 cases per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively). @entity2530 was found in @entity1 as young as five years old (1.8 cases per 100 @entity1 -years for all genotypes). The frequency of @entity158 crises and the hematocrit were positively associated with @entity2530 . The mean corpuscular volume and serum @entity492 aminotransferase level were negatively associated. Twenty-seven @entity1 had hip arthroplasty during the study; 10 were under 25 years of age. Five of the 27 required reoperation 11 to 53 months after the initial operation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2530 of the femoral head is common in @entity1 with @entity3458 , with an incidence ranging from about 2 to 4.5 cases per 100 @entity1 -years. @entity1 with the hemoglobin SS genotype and @entity7723 and those with frequent @entity158 crises are at highest risk. The overall prevalence is about 10 percent. The results of hip arthroplasty are poor.

title: @entity3458 as a cause of XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 (P) and @entity2614 (S) are potential anaesthetic agents if electrophysiological monitoring is required during spinal surgery. They allow rapid recovery and do not depress cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) as much as other agents. The effects of these agents on SSEP have not been compared before. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were allocated randomly to receive either S (n = 12) or P (n = 12). SSEP evoked by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle were recorded before anaesthesia. The cortical potential @entity4666 was recorded (latency @entity4666 and amplitudes N29P40 and P40N50). The anaesthetic concentration was adjusted gradually to obtain three predetermined ranges of values of bispectral index (BIS): 45-55, 35-45 and 25-35. For each range, a stable state was maintained for 10 min and SSEP were recorded. RESULTS: For the BIS 45-55 range, compared with preoperative values, @entity4666 latency increased during S [mean change +2 (SD 0.6) ms] but not during P [+0.4 (0.2) ms (P = 0.12)] and both amplitudes (N29P40 and P40N50) decreased with S. Increasing S concentration caused a dose-dependent @entity308 of SSEP. P did not have a statistically significant effect on the recordings and the signals remained stable in each BIS range. CONCLUSION: @entity2614 affected SSEP recordings in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity1875 had a minimal effect on SSEP recordings.

title: Comparison of the effects of XXXX and @entity1875 on cortical somatosensory evoked potentials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['Propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There exist reports that @entity1780 treatment has beneficial effects for @entity1 with @entity55 . The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the available published data support that statins as adjunctive therapy could reduce mortality associated with @entity55 and, thus, help to assess whether a randomized controlled study is warranted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis of observational studies such as cohort studies and case-control studies identified in Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrials.gov. Eligible @entity1 were adults with @entity55 . Studies that reported mortality of @entity55 grouped by statins usage were included. Data was analyzed and pooled using Revman 5.1. RESULTS: Fourteen studies with 269,739 @entity1 were included in this study. Pooled analysis showed that @entity1780 treatment was associated with lower 30-day mortality, with an OR of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.29-0.67), and an adjusted OR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.48-0.73, NNT30d = 19). @entity1780 therapy was also associated with lower long-term (> 30 days) mortality, with an OR of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29-0.84) and an adjusted OR of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51-0.82, NNTlong-term = 15). For @entity55 inpatients, the raw data demonstrated no significant benefit from @entity1780 therapy (OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.56-1.34). Adjusted data showed a marginal benefit (adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.81-0.97, NNTinpatient = 230). Subgroup analysis revealed that current @entity1780 users might have better outcomes than recent or past statins users. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis supports that @entity1 who happen to be receiving @entity1780 therapy have less mortality from @entity55 . However, it remains unclear whether initiation of statins at time of diagnosis is beneficial. There is only modest evidence to support the value of a well-designed randomized controlled clinical trial.

title: Beneficial effects of statins on outcomes in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity6347 added to @entity6170 monotherapy on glycemic control and on postprandial @entity413 and @entity2690 levels in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy of @entity6347 (120 mg a.c.) and placebo added to @entity6170 monotherapy (8 mg q.d.) in 402 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with HbA(1c) between 7 and 11% (inclusive). Efficacy parameters tested included HbA(1c) and plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 levels in the fasting state and after a standardized meal challenge. Safety data were also collected. RESULTS: In placebo-treated @entity1 , HbA(1c) did not change (Delta = 0.0 +/- 0.1%). In @entity1 randomized to @entity6347 , HbA(1c) decreased from 8.3 to 7.5% (Delta = -0.8 +/- 0.1%, P < 0.0001 vs. placebo). Target HbA(1c) (<7.0%) was achieved by 38% of @entity1 treated with combination therapy and by 9% of @entity1 remaining on @entity6170 monotherapy. In @entity6347 -treated @entity1 , fasting plasma @entity413 levels decreased by 0.7 mmol/l, 2-h postprandial @entity413 levels decreased by 2.7 mmol/l, and 30-min @entity2690 levels increased by 165 pmol/l compared with no changes from baseline of these parameters with placebo added to @entity6170 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: By selectively augmenting early @entity2690 release and decreasing prandial @entity413 excursions, @entity6347 produced a clinically meaningful improvement in overall glycemic exposure in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with @entity6170 . Therefore, @entity6347 substantially improves the likelihood of achieving a therapeutic target of HbA(1c) <7.0%.

title: Addition of XXXX to @entity6170 monotherapy suppresses mealtime hyperglycemia and improves overall glycemic control.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6347 :: ('MESH:C060142', 'Chemical') :: ['nateglinide']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6347 :: (MESH:C060142,Chemical) :: ['nateglinide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with standard surgical excision, @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) provides superior cure rates for @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). Although cure rates of @entity1489 approach 99% with @entity1104 , local recurrences occasionally occur. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to identify histological features during frozen section examination that were associated with local recurrence of @entity1489 after @entity1104 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of @entity1 undergoing a second @entity1104 procedure to treat locally recurrent @entity1489 over a 20-month period. Histological slides were reviewed to assess for possible causes of local recurrence. RESULTS: Of 3,169 NMSCs treated, 22 were locally recurrent. Possible causes of recurrence identified after @entity1104 included dense @entity32 in the final margin at sites affected by @entity5 in prior slides (27%), visible remaining @entity5 (23%), missing epidermal or dermal tissue (23%), and @entity2517 (4%). One recurrence was possibly explained by incorrect mapping. No abnormality could be detected in 18% of cases. Possible limitations include the small sample size, retrospective design, and the possibility that some @entity1 may have been lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Local recurrences after @entity1104 are extremely rare. When recurrences do occur, they can be attributed to errors in histological interpretation or @entity5 mapping.

title: Laboratory Errors Leading to Nonmelanoma XXXX Recurrence After Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['Mohs micrographic surgery', 'MMS']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of permanent brachytherapy combined with maximal @entity342 blockade (MAB) in @entity263 . METHODS: From December 2003 to December 2009, 307 @entity1 of @entity263 were treated with brachytherapy, 98 cases of intermediated-risk were followed-up for 5 years and data were recorded, aged from 58 to 84 years, average 74 years. Serum PSA was 0.4-19.0   g/L, average 11.2   g/L, clinical @entity2802 stage was T1cN0M0-T2bN0M0. Gleason score 4-7, 6.7 in average. Prostate volume ranged from 14 to 65 ml, average 32.1 ml. All the 98 @entity1 underwent permanent brachytherapy combined with MAB. Biochemical recurrence rate, biochemical-free survival, @entity5 -specific survival, overall survival, salvage therapy and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Followed up for 5 years, 19 cases had biochemical recurrence, median recurrence period: 36 months. One @entity1 died of @entity263 45 months after brachytherapy of all 7 @entity1 died in 5 years. Five-years biochemical-free recurrence rate: 80.6%, overall survival: 92.9%, @entity5 -specific survival: 98.9%, biochemical-free survival: 79.3%. Low-urinary tract and rectal irritation symptoms occurred in 75 cases(76.5%). Urinary retention occurred in 7 cases (7.1%) with catheterization duration less than 1 week, no surgical operation were performed. Seeds immigration to lung in 2 cases. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION: In @entity263 @entity1 , permanent brachytherapy combined with short-term MAB can be an effective treatment with few complications.

title: [Analysis of permanent brachytherapy combined with maximal androgen blockade in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['local prostate cancer', 'local intermediated-risk prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['local intermediated-risk prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary venous contraction can increase pulmonary capillary pressure and @entity3126 . In the present study, we investigated the direct effects of @entity3652 , @entity4671 , @entity4490 , and @entity1363 on @entity358 and myofilament @entity141 sensitivity in permeabilized pulmonary venous smooth muscle (PVSM). METHODS: The effects of these IV anesthetics on @entity934 contraction were assessed in isolated @entity235 pulmonary vein rings. Tension and [ @entity141 ]i were measured simultaneously in @entity593 loaded endothelium-denuded PVSM strips after being permeabilized with alpha-toxin. The effects of the IV anesthetics on @entity2701 ([ @entity141 ]i remains constant) in the absence or the presence of muscarinic receptor activation ( @entity934 ) were assessed. The immunofluorescence technique and confocal microscopy were used to localize the cellular distribution of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isoforms in PVSM cells before and after the addition of @entity3652 . RESULTS: @entity3652 , @entity4671 , and @entity1363 each attenuated @entity934 contraction dose-dependently, whereas @entity4490 had no effect. None of the IV anesthetics alone had an effect on @entity2701 in strips at constant [ @entity141 ]i (i.e., they had no direct effect on myofilament @entity141 sensitivity). @entity934 increased @entity2701 by 56% +/- 7% at constant [ @entity141 ]i. In @entity934 -stimulated strips, @entity4671 , @entity1363 , and @entity4490 had no additional effect on @entity2701 at constant [ @entity141 ]i, whereas @entity3652 decreased @entity2701 by 33% +/- 3%. Activation with @entity934 induced translocation of @entity7131 from cytoplasm to membrane, and this effect was blocked by @entity3652 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3652 , @entity4671 , and @entity1363 each attenuated @entity934 -induced @entity358 . @entity3652 attenuates @entity934 contraction by inhibiting the @entity934 -induced increase in myofilament @entity141 sensitivity and the @entity934 -induced translocation of PKCalpha.

title: The differential effects of intravenous anesthetics on myofilament XXXX sensitivity in pulmonary venous smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous contraction']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health profession students are traditionally educated within their discipline with little to no interaction with other health professionals, but are expected to function as integral members of the health care team after graduation. Health profession educators must bridge this disconnect by providing interprofessional learning experiences for students. We sought to evaluate the impact of interdisciplinary team-based (ITB) versus individual discipline-based (DB) learning with multiple health care disciplines during a simulated @entity1167 . METHODS: We performed a randomised trial with trainees from radiologic science (RS), physician assistant (PA) and nursing programmes (RN), taught by ITB and DB methods. Teams assessed a simulated @entity1 experiencing a @entity1167 before and after being educated using the First 5  Minutes(  ) Curriculum (First-5). Knowledge and subjective evaluations were collected on each @entity1 both before and after the educational intervention. The data were analysed using generalised estimating equations to account for correlated data. RESULTS: We enrolled 29 subjects: 15  ITB (4  PA, 5  RN, 6  RS) and 14  DB (3  PA, 5  RN, 6  RS). Knowledge improved more in the ITB group than in the DB group: with a median change of 2 (IQR 0-2) versus 1 (IQR  0-2), respectively (p  =  0.014). Subjectively, @entity1 overwhelmingly responded that working and learning with other disciplines was a valuable experience, and that more opportunities for interdisciplinary learning should be integrated into the curriculum. More opportunities for interdisciplinary learning should be integrated into the curriculum DISCUSSION: In our pilot study using a simulated model and the First-5, ITB education appears to improve trainees' knowledge over DB education, and was subjectively preferred by the learner.

title: Undergraduate XXXX team training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intraarterial infusion of @entity1311 incorporated into @entity1 albumin nanoparticles for use as induction chemotherapy before definitive treatment of advanced @entity957 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three previously untreated @entity1 (age range, 27-75 years) who had @entity5772 (stage T3-T4, any N) received intraarterial therapy with @entity1311 incorporated into albumin nanoparticles delivered by transfemoral catheterization into the external carotid artery (10 @entity1 ), selectively into the lingual artery (12 @entity1 ), or into a faciolingual trunk (1 @entity1 ). Each @entity1 received two to four infusions, with a 3-week interval between infusions. The dose administered was 230 mg/m(2) in eight @entity1 , 180 mg/m(2) in six @entity1 , and 150 mg/m(2) in nine @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 underwent surgery. Of these 16 @entity1 , eight subsequently received radiotherapy, and three received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Of the remaining seven @entity1 , one received chemotherapy alone, four received radiotherapy alone, one received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, and one refused any further treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-seven infusions were performed successfully. Eighteen @entity1 (78%) had a clinical and radiologic objective response (complete, 26%; partial, 52%). Three @entity1 (13%) showed stable disease, and two (9%) showed disease progression. The four @entity1 with complete clinical response who underwent surgery showed microscopic @entity189 measuring less than 1 mm in two @entity1 , less than 5 mm in one @entity1 , and less than 1 cm in one @entity1 . The @entity137 encountered were hematologic (grade 3) in two @entity1 (8.6%) and neurologic (grade 4) in two @entity1 (reversible @entity912 of the facial nerve, 8.6%). Two catheter-related complications occurred: one reversible @entity912 and one asymptomatic @entity432 . CONCLUSION: Intraarterial infusion of @entity1311 in albumin nanoparticles proved reproducible and effective and deserves further investigation as induction chemotherapy before definitive treatment of advanced @entity5 of the tongue, with a view to organ preservation.

title: A novel intraarterial chemotherapy using @entity1311 in albumin nanoparticles to treat advanced XXXX : preliminary findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the external carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'brachiofacial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity320 remains poor and there is a need to develop new regimens with low @entity137 . We investigated a novel outpatient regimen combining oral and intravenous chemotherapy with daily subcutaneous @entity1732 . Twenty-nine chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity320 were treated with a novel regimen consisting of low dose @entity11770 , daily subcutaneous @entity1732 , @entity5805 , @entity1499 and @entity5713 with @entity440 for an 8 week cycle (LBCMVT-56). A median of two cycles were given until disease progression or grade 3/4 @entity137 . Five out of 29 (17%) @entity1 had an objective response, of whom two (7%) had a complete response and remain progression-free after 2 years of follow-up. The median overall survival was 7.3 months. A symptomatic response was seen in 11 out of 29 @entity1 (38%). @entity137 was acceptable, with grade 3/4 haematological @entity137 seen in 25% of cycles, infection requiring intravenous antibiotics in 11% of cycles, and @entity358 seen in 4% of cycles. Hospitalization was required in 21% of the @entity1 at some point during the treatment, most commonly for @entity1398 . LBCMVT-56 chemotherapy is a novel outpatient regimen producing occasional durable complete responses in a @entity1 group with a poor prognosis. The median survival is similar to that obtained with @entity2699 , though the @entity137 is greater.

title: Low-dose continuous chemotherapy for XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: Over the last 10 years, a series of 144 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8883 have been studied prospectively at regular intervals with particular regard to exocrine function, @entity730 , pancreatographic ductal changes, and histopathology of the pancreas. Based upon the long-term course, the @entity1 were classified into two groups; group A (n = 95), those with @entity1689 (78 of them with @entity730 ); and group B (n = 49), those with acute (nonprogressive) @entity788 . The duration of disease from onset was 2-19 years (median, 9.7 and 8.3 years, respectively, in group A and B). The two groups were comparable at onset of the disease in age, sex, number of episodes of @entity788 , and number of @entity9007 . In group A, all 95 cases fulfilled the strict diagnostic criteria of @entity1689 within the period of observation (e.g., progressive exocrine insufficiency and/or typical morphological changes, particularly @entity730 ). In group B, the exocrine function remained normal over the entire period of observation. No histologic evidence of @entity1689 was detected in five of seven large pancreatic specimens. Marked to moderate ductal changes were found in 10 of 16 @entity1 in group B (despite normal exocrine function). Our data suggest that about one third of @entity1 of the present series with alcoholic (recurrent) @entity788 did not progress toward chronic (progressive) @entity788 , although some demonstrated morphological alterations (except @entity730 ) in association with normally preserved exocrine function (residual scars?). The pathogenetic factor(s) responsible for progression (or nonprogression) of alcoholic (recurrent) @entity788 to @entity1689 remain(s) to be elucidated.

title: Acute (nonprogressive) @entity8883 : prospective longitudinal study of 144 XXXX with recurrent @entity8883 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic recurrent pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: " @entity6120 " is sequential immunisation with two attenuated poxvirus vectors (FP9 and modified @entity6621 Ankara) delivering the pre-erythrocytic @entity311 antigen ME-TRAP. Over nine months follow-up in our original study, there was no evidence that @entity6120 provided protection against @entity311 . The incidence of @entity311 was slightly higher in @entity1 who received @entity6120 , but this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3). Although the study was unblinded, another nine months follow-up was planned to monitor the incidence of @entity311 and other serious adverse events. METHODS AND FINDINGS: 405 @entity1 aged 1-6 yrs were initially randomized to vaccination with either @entity6120 or control (rabies vaccine). 380 @entity1 were still available for follow-up after the first nine months. @entity1 were seen weekly and whenever they were unwell for nine months monitoring. The axillary temperature was measured, and blood films taken when febrile. The primary analysis was time to parasitaemia >2,500/microl. During the second nine months monitoring, 49 events met the primary endpoint (febrile @entity311 with parasites >2,500/microl) in the Intention To Treat (ITT) group. 23 events occurred among the 189 @entity1 in the @entity6120 group, and 26 among the 194 @entity1 in the control group. In the full 18 months of monitoring, there were 63 events in the @entity6120 group and 60 in the control group (HR = 1.2, CI 0.84-1.73, p = 0.35). There was no evidence that the HR changed over the 18 months (test for interaction between time and vaccination p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination with @entity6120 was not protective against @entity311 in this study. @entity311 incidence during 18 months of surveillance was similar in both vaccine groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN88335123.

title: Extended follow-up following a phase 2b randomized trial of the candidate @entity311 vaccines FP9 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP among XXXX in Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structural changes of aorta, and evaluate the effects of @entity2993 on the remodeling of thoracic aorta in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: Twelve eight-week-old SHR were randomized into @entity2993 treated group ( @entity11254 group, n=6) and distilled water group (DW group, n=6); @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were used as normal controls. @entity2993 was administered to @entity11254 group for 10 weeks by gavage in mixture with distilled water (1 ml); the latter two groups were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage for 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure of caudal artery was examined before and after treatment, and serum concentrations of total @entity165 , @entity1674 and HDL-C were measured. Wall thickness, media thickness, medial cross-sectional area and lumen diameter of thoracic aorta were assessed with computed video processing. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure in @entity11254 group was markedly lower than that in DW group (P<0.01). Compared with DW group and WKY group, serum concentrations of total @entity165 , @entity1674 and HDL-C in @entity11254 group were significantly lower (P<0.01,P<0.05). Wall thickness, media thickness, and medial cross-sectional area to lumen ratio in DW group were significantly higher than those in WKY group and @entity11254 group (P<0.01,P<0.05), but no such difference was found between WKY group and @entity11254 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Vascular structural changes of aorta are due to the alteration of the vessel wall in early stage of SHR. @entity2993 can markedly improve vascular remodeling.

title: Effects of @entity2993 on vascular remodeling in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']