abstract: To address growing concerns over childhood @entity28 , the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently recommended that @entity1 undergo @entity28 screening beginning at age 6. An Expert Committee recommends starting at age 2. Analysis is needed to assess these recommendations and investigate whether there are better alternatives. We model the age- and sex-specific population-wide distribution of BMI through age 18 using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data. The impact of treatment on BMI is estimated using the targeted systematic review performed to aid the USPSTF. The prevalence of @entity101 and @entity6 at age 40 are estimated from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We fix the screening interval at 2 years, and derive the age- and sex-dependent BMI thresholds that minimize @entity66 prevalence, subject to referring a specified percentage of @entity1 for treatment yearly. We compare this optimal biennial policy to biennial versions of the USPSTF and Expert Committee recommendations. Compared to the USPSTF recommendation, the optimal policy reduces @entity66 prevalence by 3% in relative terms (the absolute reductions are <1%) at the same treatment referral rate, or achieves the same disease prevalence at a 28% reduction in treatment referral rate. If compared to the Expert Committee recommendation, the reductions change to 6 and 40%, respectively. The optimal policy treats mostly 16-year olds and few @entity1 under age 14. Our results suggest that @entity66 is minimized by focusing childhood @entity28 screening and treatment on older adolescents.

title: Assessing screening policies for childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['adult disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: After @entity281 of @entity19 L cells with mengovirus, there is a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis, a concurrent disaggregation of polysomes, and an accumulation of 80S ribosomes. These 80S ribosomes could not be chased back into polysomes under an elongation block. The infected-cell 80S-ribosome fraction contained twice as much initiator @entity8163 -tRNA and mRNA as the analogous fraction from uninfected cells. Since the proportion of 80S ribosomes that were resistant to pronase digestion also increased after @entity281 , these data suggest that the accumulated 80S ribosomes may be in the form of initiation complexes. The specific protein synthetic activity of polysomal ribosomes also decreased with time of @entity281 . However, the transit times in mock-infected and infected cells remained the same. Cell-free translation systems from infected cells reflected the decreased protein synthetic activity of intact cells. The addition of reticulocyte initiation factors to such systems failed to relieve the inhibition. Fractionation of the infected-cell lysate revealed that the ribosomes were the predominant target affected. Washing the infected-cell ribosomes with 0.5 M KCI restored their translational activity. In turn, the salt wash from infected-cell ribosomes inhibited translation in lysates from mock-infected cells. The inhibitor in the ribosomal salt wash was temperature sensitive and micrococcal nuclease resistant. A model is proposed wherein @entity778 activates (or induces the synthesis of) an inhibitor that binds to ribosomes and stops translation after the formation of the 80S-ribosome initiation complex but before elongation. The presence of such an inhibitor on ribosomes could prevent them from being remobilized into polysomes in the presence of an inhibitor of polypeptide elongation.

title: Evidence for the presence of an inhibitor on ribosomes in XXXX L cells infected with mengovirus.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8163 :: ('CHEBI:37902', 'Chemical') :: ['methionyl']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Strict criteria have been used before removing cervical collars in @entity1 with @entity130 who have midline @entity158 or are unable to be reliably examined. This sometimes leads to prolonged immobilization in cervical collars or use of MRI to rule out injury. Several studies suggest a collar may be removed in the absence of @entity174 , @entity3029 , or pathologic subluxation on a cervical CT scan. This may avoid the morbidity of prolonged cervical immobilization or cost of advanced imaging study but risks devastating consequences from missing @entity130 . CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a @entity1 with a cervical @entity1566 after removal of a collar after a CT scan was misinterpreted as normal. Retrospective review of the CT showed subtle signs of widening between the spinous processes of the injured level, a finding easily missed without the use of further imaging studies. LITERATURE REVIEW: Several articles suggest cervical collars may be safely removed from awake and alert @entity1 and in @entity1 who cannot be reliably examined after a negative CT scan without the need for further imaging. PURPOSES AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CT scans are excellent at detecting bony @entity130 but not ligamentous @entity130 . Removing cervical collars based on CT scans alone may be expeditious, but some @entity130 may be missed without further imaging. Our case demonstrates the catastrophic consequences of missing a cervical spine injury and emphasizes the need for maintaining the cervical collar in high-risk @entity1 until proper imaging can be obtained.

title: XXXX resulting from injury missed on CT scan: the danger of relying on CT alone for collar removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injury']


abstract: The coat protein of bacteriophage @entity23493 is a translational repressor. It inhibits the synthesis of the viral replicase by binding a specific RNA structure that contains the replicase translation initiation region. In order to begin a genetic dissection of the repressor activity of coat protein, a two-plasmid system has been constructed that expresses coat protein and a replicase- @entity1194 fusion protein from different, compatible plasmids containing different antibiotic-resistant determinants. The coat protein expressed from the first plasmid (pCT1) represses synthesis of a replicase- @entity1194 fusion protein encoded on the other plasmid (pRZ5). Mutations in the translational operator or in coat protein result in constitutive synthesis of the enzyme. This permits the straightforward isolation of mutations in the coat sequence that affect repressor function. Because of the potential importance of @entity462 residues for RNA binding, mutations were constructed that substitute serines for the @entity462 residues normally present at positions 46 and 101. Both of these mutations result in translational repressor defects. Chromatographic and electron microscopic analyses indicate that the plasmid-encoded wild-type coat protein forms capsids in vivo. The ability of the mutants to adopt and/or maintain the appropriate conformation was assayed by comparing them to the wild-type protein for their ability to form capsids. Both mutants exhibited evidence of improper folding and/or instability as indicated by their aberrant elution behavior on a column of Sepharose CL-4B. Methods were developed for the rapid purification of plasmid-encoded coat protein, facilitating future biochemical analyses of mutant coat proteins.

title: Translational repression by bacteriophage XXXX coat protein expressed from a plasmid. A system for genetic analysis of a protein-RNA interaction.

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity23493 :: (100271694,Gene) :: ['MS2']


abstract: @entity295 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity3883 . Previous studies have shown that @entity253 in @entity35 causes a significant decrease in hepatic phagocytosis of viable @entity526 . This study tests this hypothesis and further evaluates whether the impaired function of the reticuloendothelial system of the liver (Kupffer cells) can be reversed by the relief of the @entity253 . Male @entity35 (weighing 140 to 150 g) were placed in three groups. Group I (n = 10) consisted of sham-operated controls. In Group II (n = 30), ligation and division of distal common bile duct (CDL) was performed. Group III (n = 30) underwent choledochoduodenostomy 2 weeks following ligation and division of common bile duct. At 1, 2, and 3 weeks following the operation, 10(9) 35S-radiolabeled viable @entity526 were injected intravenously via the tail vein. At 10 minutes, bacterial distribution in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs was determined. Tissue samples (50 to 100 mg) from each organ were processed for liquid scintillation counting. The final distribution of bacteria was calculated from the input specific activity (dpm/bacteria) and expressed as the mean percentage of injected viable @entity526 per gram of tissue and per total organ weight. There was a significant decrease in the trapping of bacteria by the liver's Kupffer cells in @entity35 in group II, at 2 and 3 weeks following CDL (45.0% +/- 14.0% and 15.1% +/- 4.9%, respectively, v controls 75.9% +/- 13.7%; P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impaired hepatic bacterial clearance is reversed by surgical relief of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic jaundice']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The early establishment of an etiology for @entity879 ( @entity879 ) in @entity1 is essential for the start of adequate treatment in the shortest timeframe possible. AIM: To identify markers of inherited @entity209 on admission in @entity1 under two years of age with @entity879 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity1 (< 2 years old) with @entity879 admitted to the pediatric hepatology or intensive care units of a tertiary center over a twenty-three year period (January 1989 to December 2011) was done. @entity1 were divided into two groups: with (group A) or without (group B) a metabolic etiology. Clinical and laboratory parameters on admission were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Twelve had @entity879 of metabolic origin (group A). The median age in this group was 2.25 (Q1-Q3: 0.63-4.65) months and in group B 8.0 (Q1-Q3: 1.5-15) months. History of @entity11360 was more frequent in group A (p = 0.022). Age, gender, @entity75 and @entity4346 were similar in both groups (p = 0.147, p = 1.000, p = 0.637, p = 1.000, respectively). Laboratory tests on admission (plasma @entity880 , @entity3265 , @entity165 , @entity1391 , INR, @entity413 , @entity648 , ALT, base excess and the presence of reducing substances in urine) showed no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed that although @entity1 with @entity2246 showed a trend towards lower age at presentation, the only marker of inherited @entity209 found on admission was history of @entity391 and/or failure to thrive.

title: @entity879 in under two year-olds--are there markers of XXXX on admission?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive and/or vomiting']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disease']


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a new technique used to stimulate brain areas as well as peripheral nerves in healthy, waking @entity1 . To date this technique has appeared safe. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical application of this method in @entity1 with @entity4401 . Electromyographic responses were elicited by electrical and magnetic transcranial stimulation of the facial nerve in 26 @entity1 affected by @entity4401 . Electrical stimulation: stimuli of 0.1 ms duration, and up to 15 V, were delivered through surface electrodes set 2.5 cm apart over the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen. Magnetic stimulation: the coil was placed tangent to the parieto-occipital surface of the scalp. The stimulus intensity was then increased stepwise until a supramaximal response was obtained. Recording: the focal recording electrode was placed ipsilateral to the side stimulated over the superior orbicularis oculi; the reference electrode was placed over the nasal bone. The @entity1 were tested with two neurophysiological determinations: the first 15-30 days from the onset of the palsy; the second 30-60 days after the first. A clinical follow-up was performed six months after the second determination. The results indicate that, contrary to traditional electroneurography, transcranial magnetic stimulation is not able to supply useful neurophysiological indications in @entity1 with @entity4401 . Although the absence of compound muscle action potential upon stimulation of the side with the lesion did demonstrate some impediment to conduction, it did not have any prognostic value since it was also present in @entity1 who were clinically well at the time of the second check-up.

title: [Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve: evaluation of a new method in neurophysiological study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: @entity1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease ( @entity6471 ) initiates the repair of abasic sites (AP-sites), which are highly toxic, mutagenic, and implicated in @entity105 . Also, reducing the activity of @entity6471 protein in @entity5 cells and @entity5 sensitizes @entity1 @entity5 cells to a variety of laboratory and clinical chemotherapeutic agents. In general, @entity19 models are used in studies of basic mechanisms of @entity105 , as well as pre-clinical studies before transitioning into @entity1 . @entity1 @entity6471 ( @entity6471 ) has previously been cloned, expressed, and extensively characterized. However, the knowledge regarding the characterization of @entity19 @entity6471 (mAPE1) is very limited. Here we have expressed and purified full-length @entity6471 and mAPE1 in and from @entity526 to near homogeneity. mAPE1 showed comparable fast reaction kinetics to its @entity1 counterpart. Steady-state enzyme kinetics showed an apparent K(m) of 91 nM and k(cat) of 4.2 s(-1) of mAPE1 for the @entity8694 cleavage reaction. For @entity6471 apparent K(m) and k(cat) were 82 nM and 3.2 s(-1), respectively, under similar reaction conditions. However, k(cat)/K(m) were in similar range for both @entity6471 s. The optimum pH was in the range of 7.5-8 for both @entity6471 s and had an optimal activity at 50-100 mM @entity4338 , and they showed @entity1025 dependence and abrogation of activity at high salt. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that increasing the @entity1025 concentration altered the ratio of "turns" to "b-strands" for both proteins, and this change may be associated with the conformational changes required to achieve an active state. Overall, compared to @entity6471 , mAPE1 has higher K(m) and k(cat) values. However, overall results from this study suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 APE1s have mostly similar biochemical and biophysical properties. Thus, the conclusions of @entity19 studies to elucidate @entity6471 biology and its role in @entity105 may be extrapolated to apply to @entity1 biology. This includes the development and validation of effective @entity6471 inhibitors as chemosensitizers in clinical studies.

title: A comparative study of recombinant XXXX and @entity1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'Mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity687 , a proinflammatory chemokine, has been reported to have angiogenic activity and to be responsible for @entity5 -associated angiogenesis in @entity5 . The polymorphism @entity687 @entity27730 ( @entity27731 ) is known to be associated with the expression of @entity687 protein and is related to @entity5 . A serum anti- @entity876 antibody, a new @entity5 marker, increases in accordance with the mutation of @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 . Previous studies have reported the association between @entity687 and @entity876 mutation in @entity5 cells or tissues. Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity687 polymorphism might be associated with serum anti- @entity876 antibody levels. Study subjects were 197 @entity1 (103 males and 94 females, aged 15 to 56 years) who were enrolled in a case-control study on peptic ulcer disease from January to March 2007 in the Uzbekistan Republic. Serum anti- @entity876 antibody, @entity787 , and CA19-9 levels were measured, and @entity687 @entity27730 was genotyped. The A allele frequency in control subjects was 0.48, which is close to the previous reports for Caucasian populations. The proportion of subjects with positive anti- @entity876 antibodies (higher than 1.3 U/ mL) was greater for AA genotype carriers compared to T allele carriers (17% for AA, and 6% for TA+TT; OR 3.4, p = 0.025 after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and ethnicity). Such a difference was not observed for either @entity787 or CA19-9. We demonstrated that the @entity687 -251 AA genotype was associated with higher anti- @entity876 antibodies than those of the reference range. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether those with this genotype carrier are susceptible to @entity5 .

title: @entity687 XXXX polymorphism was associated with positive anti- @entity876 antibodies in Uzbekistan population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'several cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases']

answer: @entity27730 :: (c|SUB|T|-251|A,DNAMutation) :: ['T-251A']


abstract: Primary @entity6887 is uncommon and is often treated using regimens active in @entity43 . Evidence is scant that such therapies benefit @entity1 with @entity6887 . Between December 1979 and July 1988, we treated 18 @entity1 who had @entity6887 with the combination of @entity900 (50 mg/m2), @entity632 (50 mg/m2), and @entity786 (500 mg/m2) administered intravenously on 1 day every 28 days. Histologic confirmation of @entity6887 was obtained before entry in the study. Three @entity1 had stage I disease, five had stage II, nine had stage III, and one had stage IV. Sixteen @entity1 received the combination therapy as first-line treatment after cytoreductive surgery, and two @entity1 received it for recurrent @entity189 . Seven @entity1 had clinically measurable disease at the start of therapy. Two of these @entity1 had a complete clinical response, two had stable disease, and three had progressive disease. Eight of the 15 @entity1 with @entity34 underwent second-look laparotomy; four had a complete response to therapy and four had a partial response, making the overall response rate 53%. The @entity137 of the regimen was moderate. The median survival was 81 months. @entity1 with @entity34 had a median survival of 43.9 months and a progression-free survival of 22.5 months. This regimen appears to be active in @entity6887 and can result in response rates comparable to those reported for @entity43 .

title: XXXX with @entity900 , @entity632 , and @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube', 'fallopian tube carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stages II-IV disease']

answer: @entity6887 :: (MESH:D005185,Disease) :: ['Treatment of fallopian tube carcinoma']


abstract: We present here our findings on @entity1 with an elevated lesion of the duodenal bulb. All these @entity1 were treated in our clinics between the years 1984 and 1988. These lesions were present in 36 of 8,802 @entity1 who underwent upper gastrointestinal pan-endoscopy. Two @entity1 had a @entity189 , 2 an @entity652 , and 1 a @entity652 . There were 15 with a @entity1127 , 3 with a heterogenic gastric mucosa, 3 with @entity1373 , 6 with @entity9317 , and 4 with regenerative mucosa. Among these 36 lesions, only 69% (25 lesions) were evident on the upper gastrointestinal X-ray series. @entity652 and @entity652 were of a pedunculated form of the gross type and had an irregular surface mucosa. Both @entity189 were detected by endoscopic biopsy and were resected. Histologically, these lesions were limited to the submucosal layer and were of the non-pedunculated polypoid form, but there were no other characteristic endoscopic features, in comparison with other @entity75 . Thus, upper @entity344 with routine observations of the duodenal bulb plus endoscopic biopsy will lead to a definite diagnosis of these @entity75 and to the early detection and treatment of this rare malignant lesion.

title: Clinicopathological features of XXXX of the duodenal bulb.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyp']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ["Brunner's gland hyperplasia"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal carcinoma', 'duodenal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenoma', "Brunner's gland adenoma"]

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['elevated lesions']


abstract: Virtually every modality employed in the treatment of @entity5 has demonstrated an adverse effect upon @entity3 under some conditions. This review surveys the experimental and clinical literature pertaining to the untoward effects of ionizing radiation upon metastatic processes. Two processes are described: (1) enhancement of @entity3 following local @entity5 irradiation; (2) localization of @entity3 in previously irradiated normal tissues. In the first process the experimental evidence indicates a local effect of irradiation upon the @entity5 -stroma interface. It predominates under conditions of non-curative radiation doses. There is no proof that this process occurs in clinical practice, but a review of data provides suggestive evidence for its existence following non-curative therapy. The second process is documented both experimentally and clinically. It requires the presence of viable, circulating @entity5 cells and appears mediated through vascular damage. The few clinical reports suggest that this effect is rare in practice. The clinical significance of both processes appears small under conditions of effective @entity5 therapy, but it is speculated that inadequate @entity5 irradiation, or irradiation of normal tissues with uncontrolled @entity5 elsewhere, may be deleterious.

title: Radiation enhancement of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Despite the recent advances in myocardial protection, surgical techniques, intra-aortic balloon therapy, and maximal pharmacological support, postoperative @entity67 continues to occur in 0.5-1.0% of all @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Ventricular assist device (VAD) is an important therapeutic adjunct in treating @entity1 with profound @entity67 with postcardiotomy @entity1455 . The purpose of this report was to describe the clinical results with the China-made Luo-Ye VAD as a short-term circulatory support. From May 1998 to December 2006, 17 @entity1 with postcardiotomy @entity1455 were supported by the Luo-Ye VAD. Of these @entity1 , 10 were males and seven were females with a mean age of 49.6 years (range 36-68 years). All cases were supported by left VAD (LVAD). Mean duration of support was 46.3 h (range 13-113 h). A criteria of insertion was established to standardize implantation criteria. Among the 17 @entity1 treated with LVAD, eight (47.1%) @entity1 were weaned from support and seven (41.2%) @entity1 were discharged from hospital. Ten (58.8%) @entity1 died while on LVAD support (nine cases) or shortly after weaning (one case). The causes of @entity204 in the entire group were cardiac (40%), @entity177 (20%), neurologic (10%), @entity295 (10%), and @entity881 (20%). The complications were represented by bleeding, @entity177 , neurologic event, @entity281 , @entity943 , etc. The Luo-Ye VAD functioned well and proved to be useful in @entity1 with postcardiotomy @entity1455 . It carries a less-postoperative anticoagulant and a low incidence of VAD-related complications. The survival rate was encouraging in our small cohort of @entity1 .

title: The short-term pulsatile ventricular assist device for postcardiotomy XXXX : a clinical trial in China.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ system failure']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the context of globally increasing antimicrobial resistance, @entity9001 appears to be a useful therapeutic option. The need for prolonged courses for complex @entity281 has prompted consideration of its use via outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programmes, although clinical outcomes when used in this setting remain unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the @entity1 characteristics and outcomes of 11 @entity1 who received @entity9001 , most commonly delivered as 100  mg once daily, via OPAT at three tertiary Australian hospitals. Rates of co-morbidity and prior antibiotic use were high. @entity1 had a wide range of @entity281 including bone and/or joint (n   =   5), intra-abdominal (n   =   3), lower respiratory tract (n   =   2) and @entity733 (n   =   1). Mycobacterial species (n   =   5) were the most frequent pathogen, and multi-resistant organisms were common (n   =   4). The median OPAT duration was 14  days (IQR 6-30). @entity390 was encountered in 45  % of cases. At completion of OPAT, 1 @entity1 (9  %) was cured, 2 (18  %) had improved and 8 (73  %) failed therapy. @entity177 occurred due to either progression or non-response of @entity281 (n   =   4), re-admission (n   =   3), premature cessation of @entity9001 due to @entity390 (n   =   3) or @entity204 (n   =   1). Whilst OPAT delivery of @entity9001 is a therapeutic option, when used as second-line therapy for complex, often multi-resistant @entity281 in @entity1 with multiple comorbidities, high rates of clinical failure, readmissions and adverse effects, especially @entity390 , should be anticipated.

title: XXXX use in the outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['parapharyngeal abscess']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity9001 :: (MESH:C119092,Chemical) :: ['Tigecycline']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 was referred to Tohoku University Hospital in November 1981 because of @entity491 pointed out in a group examination. At that time white blood cell count was 26.8 x 10(3)/microliters with no blasts, platelet count 268.0 x 10(4)/microliters and hemoglobin 11.4 g/dl. Bone marrow aspirates showed marked increase of megakaryocytes (15,900/microliters). Bone marrow chromosome analysis revealed 46, XX, -18, +mar without @entity12297 chromosome, and DNA analysis showed no bcr rearrangement. She was diagnosed as having essential @entity1148 and was treated with @entity1863 . On November 1986, she developed remarkable @entity491 with @entity1778 . White blood cells reached 153 x 10(3)/microliters with 33% blasts. Her blasts were positive for peroxidase staining, but negative for platelet peroxidase on electron microscopic study and platelet specific glycoproteins. A diagnosis of @entity3052 (M2) was made. The @entity1 received various combination chemotherapy, which was ineffective, and she died due to @entity55 on June, 1989. In Japan, there has been reported only 8 cases of @entity3052 . The clinical pictures of these 9 cases were discussed.

title: [Essential XXXX transformed to @entity3052 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'essential thrombocythemia transformed to acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocythemia']


abstract: The incidence of morbidity and mortality after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is not well understood because reporting is not standardized and relies on single-center reports. Aborted hepatectomies (AHs) and potentially life-threatening near-miss events (during which a donor's life may be in danger but after which there are no long-term sequelae) are rarely reported. We conducted a worldwide survey of programs performing LDLT to determine the incidence of these events. A survey instrument was sent to 148 programs performing LDLT. The programs were asked to provide donor demographics, case volumes, and information about graft types, operative morbidity and mortality, near-miss events, and AHs. Seventy-one programs (48%), which performed donor hepatectomy 11,553 times and represented 21 countries, completed the survey. The average donor morbidity rate was 24%, with 5 donors (0.04%) requiring transplantation. The donor mortality rate was 0.2% (23/11,553), with the majority of @entity204 occurring within 60 days, and all but 4 @entity204 were related to the donation surgery. The incidences of near-miss events and @entity3798 were 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. Program experience did not affect the incidence of donor morbidity or mortality, but near-miss events and @entity3798 were more likely in low-volume programs ( <=50 LDLT procedures). In conclusion, it appears that independently of program experience, there is a consistent donor mortality rate of 0.2% associated with LDLT donor procedures, yet increased experience is associated with lower rates of @entity3798 and near-miss events. Potentially life-threatening near-miss events and @entity3798 are underappreciated complications that must be discussed as part of the informed consent process with any potential living liver donor.

title: Incidence of XXXX and potentially life-threatening near-miss events in living donor hepatic lobectomy: a world-wide survey.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity788 is a rare, indolent @entity5 with no effective systemic therapy currently available. This population-based analysis evaluated the hypothesis that long-term survival benefit is greater with aggressive, rather than limited, surgical therapy. METHODS: @entity3123 ( @entity3123 ) cases diagnosed from 1973 to 2004 were retrieved from the SEER database. RESULTS: A total of 2,158 @entity1 with @entity3123 were identified, representing 2% of all @entity9451 . The annual incidence increased from 1.4 to 3.0 per million during the study period. On average, @entity5 measured 59 +/- 35 mm (median 50), and age at diagnosis was 59 +/- 15 years; 29% of @entity1 were younger than 50. Nodal (44%) and systemic @entity3 (60%) were common. Overall the 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival rates were 33%, 17%, and 10%, respectively. Removal of the @entity5 significantly prolonged survival in the entire cohort (median 1.2 vs. 8.4 years; p < 0.001) and among those with @entity3 (median 1.0 vs. 4.8 years; p < 0.001). No survival difference was seen between enucleation and resection of the @entity5 (median 10.2 versus 9.2 years, p = 0.456). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that surgical therapy improves survival among @entity1 with localized, as well as metastatic, @entity3123 . Enucleation may be oncologically equivalent to resection.

title: Non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma of the @entity788 : incidence, XXXX biology, and outcomes in 2,158 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['Non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'NF-pNEC']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity33724 is a novel PPARa/y dual ligand of the @entity12585 class and was recently developed as an anti- @entity6 drug with unique properties. @entity33724 also has anti-proliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in several @entity5 cell types. Our group has shown that @entity33724 targets several proteins in colorectal tumorigenesis including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene ( @entity23390 ) which plays an important role in chemoprevention responsible for chemopreventive compounds. @entity23390 is a member of the TGF-b superfamily and is involved in @entity5 progression and development; however, @entity23390 's roles in @entity788 have not been studied. In this report, we found that @entity33724 alters not only @entity23390 expression, but also @entity3544 and @entity4910 expression. @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression was not blocked by @entity6864 -specific antagonist @entity4301 , suggesting that @entity33724 -induced @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression is independent of @entity6864 activation. However, decreasing @entity4910 by @entity33724 seems to be affected by @entity6864 activation. Further, we found that the GC box located in the @entity23390 promoter play an important role in @entity23390 transactivation by @entity33724 . Subsequently, we screened several transcription factors that may bind to the GC box region in the @entity23390 promoter and found that @entity4730 potentially binds to this region. Expression of @entity4730 precedes @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression in the presence of @entity33724 , whereas blocking @entity4730 expression using specific @entity4730 siRNA showed that both @entity23390 and @entity3544 expression by @entity33724 was blocked. In conclusion, @entity33724 's actions on anti-proliferation involve both @entity6864 -dependent and -independent pathways, thereby enhancing anti-tumorigenesis in @entity788 cells.

title: A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand @entity33724 imparts anti-proliferative response in @entity788 cells by XXXX -independent up-regulation of @entity4730 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

answer: @entity6864 :: (5468,Gene) :: ['PPARgamma']


abstract: The distribution of Aedes ( @entity4224 (L.), the main vector of dengue viruses (DENV) worldwide, overlaps with Aedes (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus (Coquillett), the Caribbean treehole mosquito, in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Ae. mediovittatus is a competent vector of DENV with high rates of vertical DENV transmission in the laboratory. This study determined whether Ae. mediovittatus feeds on @entity1 and compared its feeding patterns with co-occurring Ae. aegypti in two rural communities of Puerto Rico. Adult mosquitoes were captured for three consecutive days every week from July 2009 to May 2010 using BG-Sentinel traps with skin lures that were placed in the front yard of houses in both communities. Three methods were used to identify the 756 bloodmeals obtained in this study: a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity1 and @entity235 targeting @entity34071 ; a PCR targeting the 16S rRNA; and a nested PCR targeting @entity34071 . Ae. mediovittatus fed mostly on @entity1 (45-52%) and @entity235 (28-32%) but also on @entity468 , @entity291 , @entity1641 , @entity35 , @entity1707 , @entity1237 , @entity742 , and @entity1573 . Ae. aegypti fed mostly on @entity1 (76-79%) and @entity235 (18-21%) but also on @entity468 , @entity1641 , and @entity1573 . Our results indicate that Ae. mediovittatus may have a relatively high rate of vector- @entity1 contact, which might facilitate virus transmission or harborage in rural areas of Puerto Rico.

title: Vertebrate hosts of XXXX and Aedes mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in rural Puerto Rico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Stegomyia) aegypti']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: High-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis offer greatly improved accuracy and depth of characterisation of lower @entity1729 . However, such approaches suffer from an inability to distinguish between DNA derived from viable and non-viable bacteria. This discrimination represents an important step in characterising microbial communities, particularly in contexts with poor clearance of material or high antimicrobial stress, as non-viable bacteria and extracellular DNA can contribute significantly to analyses. Pre-treatment of samples with @entity15777 ( @entity4515 ) is an effective approach to non-viable cell exclusion (NVCE). However, the impact of NVCE on microbial community characteristics (abundance, diversity, composition and structure) is not known. Here, adult @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) sputum samples were used as a paradigm. The effects of @entity4515 treatment on @entity1577 sputum bacterial community characteristics, as analysed by pyrosequencing and enumeration by species-specific ( @entity796 ) and total bacterial Q-PCR, were assessed. At the local community level, abundances of both total bacteria and of @entity796 were significantly lower in @entity4515 -treated sample portions. Meta-analysis indicated no overall significant differences in diversity; however, @entity4515 treatment resulted in a significant alteration in local community membership in all cases. In contrast, at the metacommunity level, @entity4515 treatment resulted in an increase in community evenness, driven by an increase in diversity, predominately representing rare community members. Importantly, @entity4515 treatment facilitated the detection of both recognised and emerging @entity1577 pathogens, significantly influencing 'core' and 'satellite' taxa group membership. Our findings suggest failure to implement NVCE may result in skewed bacterial community analyses.

title: Reducing bias in bacterial community analysis of lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity15777 :: ('MESH:C533957', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium monoazide']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the role of angioembolization in the control of intractable @entity1415 at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of the @entity1 between Jan 2001 to June 2010 at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi was done. All @entity1 who underwent angioembolization for intractable @entity1415 were included in the study. @entity1 with nasal or nasopharyngeal mass were excluded. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16. RESULTS: Total numbers of the @entity1 were 16. Fourteen (87.5%) @entity1 were male and 2 (12.5%) were female with mean age 51.2 +/- 12.922 years (range 26-71 years). In 11 (68.75%) @entity1 there were no associated risk factors for @entity1415 , 3(18.75%) @entity1 had uncontrolled @entity101 , 1 (6.25%) @entity1 had road traffic accident and 1 (6.25%) @entity1 had @entity548 after nasal surgery. All @entity1 were initially treated by anterior and posterior nasal packing for 48 to 72 hours. Angioembolization successfully controlled @entity1415 in all 16 (100%) @entity1 initially. However, in 2 (12.5%) cases embolization had to be repeated; in 1 @entity1 on the same day and in another @entity1 after one month of initial procedure. The average length of stay after angioembolization was 1.9 +/- 0.854 days. No major or permanent complication was observed. Two (12.5%) @entity1 developed minor complications (1 @entity1 experienced @entity158 for 7 days and another @entity1 developed haematoma at the site of femoral artery). CONCLUSION: Angioembolization is a safe and effective treatment option for intractable @entity1415 .

title: Angioembolization in itractable XXXX --a tertiary care experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: NICE guidelines provide clear indications for the investigation of @entity542 with CT. A patient on anticoagulation is required to have lost consciousness to warrant a CT scan unless obvious stronger indications exist. We recently observed three @entity1 who had been assessed following @entity542 that did not fulfil the NICE criteria for a CT scan, but who subsequently were found to have significant @entity1545 , all of whom were on @entity1229 . This experience prompted us to categorise whether the CT scans for @entity542 performed were done so with indications consistent with the NICE guidelines, and then examine the outcomes to determine the effectiveness of the NICE guidelines for picking up positive pathology. METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with isolated @entity542 investigated with CT scan were included for the 3-month period April to June 2008. Notes were examined retrospectively to look at age, sex, @entity130 , coexisting @entity1003 , indication for CT scan and the corresponding CT scan result. RESULTS: 39 @entity1 were included. 28/39 CT scans were unremarkable. 11 identified acute pathology. 23 scans were performed according to NICE guidelines, which revealed pathology in 10 @entity1 . Ten scans were not performed according to NICE guidelines and none of these revealed pathology. Six scans were performed for unclear reasons and one revealed pathology. 6/39 @entity1 were taking @entity1229 . Three of these six scans revealed intracranial pathology. The mean age of these six @entity1 was 84 y. CONCLUSION: While NICE guidelines provide a valuable tool for the investigation of @entity542 , we feel that elderly patients on anticoagulation may be at risk of having significant @entity542 missed and a lower threshold for scanning should be adopted.

title: NICE guidelines for the investigation of XXXX --an anticoagulant loop hole?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mechanism of injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: The overall aim of the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 @entity6 ( @entity15338 ) is to near-normalize metabolic control in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) using an individualized treatment approach. We hypothesize that this will not only prevent complications and improve quality of life for @entity2175 @entity1 but also result in increased cost efficiency compared with current treatment modalities. This paper provides an overview of the expected outcomes from @entity15338 , focusing on the two main intervention studies. The main data for the @entity15338 project are collected during @entity1 enrollment and stored using the individual civil registration number. This enables subsequent linking to other national databases where supplemental data can be obtained. All data will be used for designing treatment guidelines and continuously monitoring the development of @entity6 complications, thereby obtaining knowledge about predictors for the long-term outcome and identifying targets for new interventions. Further data are being collected from two intervention studies. The aim of the first intervention study is to improve @entity2175 treatment using an individualized treatment modality optimizing medication according to individual metabolic responses and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of the second intervention study is to develop an evidence-based training protocol to be implemented as a treatment modality for @entity2175 and used for initiating lifelong changes in physical activity levels in @entity1 with @entity2175 . An initial pilot study evaluating an interval-based walking protocol is ongoing, and preliminary results indicate that this protocol is an optimal "free-living" training intervention. An initial health-economic analysis will also be performed as a basis for analysis of the data collected during the project. A cost-benefit analysis of the two intervention studies will be conducted. The @entity15338 project is expected to lead to improved treatment modalities and increased knowledge about existing treatment guidelines, and will also provide a solid base for health-economic decision-making.

title: The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 @entity6 ( @entity15338 ) study: expected outcome from the XXXX project and two intervention studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity15338 :: (1646,Gene) :: ['DD2']


abstract: @entity5 -promoting @entity4996 such as @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) induce the monocytoid differentiation of HL-60 @entity1 @entity1778 cells. The cellular receptor for @entity4515 is protein kinase C. However, cellular events distal to protein kinase C phosphorylation are also critical steps toward differentiation. These events may include specific programs of oncogene transcription that have been associated with @entity4621 -induced @entity1778 cell differentiation. Recently, it has been found that topoisomerase II could be activated by protein kinase C-mediated @entity563 phosphorylation and that @entity4515 treatment of HL-60 cells enhanced extractable topoisomerase II from these cells. Additionally, topoisomerase II-reactive antineoplastic drugs could block @entity4515 -induced differentiation of HL-60. This enzyme has been implicated in gene regulation, and drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage sites have been identified within cellular oncogenes. Thus, topoisomerase II could play a critical role in the signal transduction cascade leading from @entity4515 -protein kinase interaction to monocytoid differentiation. We have examined this relationship between topoisomerase II and @entity4515 -induced differentiation through measurements of drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage (via alkaline elution) in @entity4515 -treated HL-60 cells. @entity2879 -induced DNA cleavage was reduced 10-fold in HL-60 cells treated with 10 nM @entity4515 for 24 h. Neither @entity3733 (which produces granulocytoid differentiation) nor non-differentiation-inducing @entity4996 could produce this effect. The decreased cleavage was not due to a @entity4515 -induced inhibition of cell-associated @entity2879 and was demonstrable in nuclei isolated from @entity4515 -treated cells. The decrease was not simply related to decreased cellular proliferation rate as reflected in the inhibition of DNA synthesis because conditions leading to marked inhibition of DNA synthesis did not necessarily inhibit @entity2879 -induced DNA cleavage. By contrast, lower concentrations of @entity4515 inhibited @entity2879 -mediated DNA cleavage disproportionately compared with @entity4515 effects on DNA synthesis. Interestingly, @entity4515 reduced cleavage induced by the topoisomerase II-reactive DNA intercalator @entity5256 by 2-fold, suggesting that specific drug-DNA interactions could partially overcome the @entity4515 -induced effect that resulted in decreased @entity2879 -induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Nuclear proteins in 0.35 M NaCl extracts from untreated or @entity4515 -treated HL-60 cells were virtually identical in topoisomerase II activity and in topoisomerase II-associated drug sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX treatment on drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in @entity1 @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity5256 :: ('CHEBI:2687', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide"]

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: By using a set of 476 ordered DNA clones (in @entity5999 vector) that covers the entire chromosome of @entity2624 , we have made an exhaustive survey of tRNA genes in the @entity526 genome. Ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria were separately infected with each of the 476 clones and the RNA molecules produced upon infection were labeled with 32P. The labeled tRNAs were separated by gel electrophoresis and then characterized by fingerprinting analysis. Fifty-nine of the 476 clones produced tRNAs, including adjacent overlapping ones that share the same tRNA genes. The products of all the previously mapped tRNA genes (about 60, to date) were detected according to their expected positions, and 19 more tRNA genes were newly elucidated. These new tRNA genes were identified by sequencing the DNA from relevant regions of the clones; the DNA sequences were scanned for the stretches that could be folded into the familiar cloverleaf structure and the transcription units were deduced by predicting the promoters and terminators. The total complement of the tRNA genes in @entity2624 was 78 for 45 tRNA (or 41 anticodon) species, distributed in 40 different transcription units throughout the chromosome. In addition, a gene for @entity16266 tRNA was detected by hybridization and mapped to a specific DNA segment. A comprehensive tRNA gene map of @entity526 was constructed, including the @entity16266 tRNA gene. All the tRNA genes encode the 3' CCA, and in several cases the terminal 19 @entity2036 (including the 3' CCA) of a tRNA gene is repeated several times. Finally, in the present study the sites for a long inversion (approx. 800 x 10(3) base-pairs, around the oriC region) in Kohara's library was determined to be within the 23 S-5 S regions in rrnD and rrnE, revealing the exchange of combinations of spacer and distal tRNA genes between these two ribosomal RNA operons.

title: Genomic organization and physical mapping of the transfer RNA genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['E. coli K12', 'Escherichia coli K12']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K12']


abstract: To search for differentially expressed gene products in selected @entity5 of endodermal origin, cDNA libraries derived from mRNA in @entity1 @entity157 and adjacent grossly normal tissue were generated. From these parent libraries, subtracted cDNA libraries of @entity5 minus normal and normal minus @entity5 tissues were constructed. After screening these subtracted libraries by +/- hybridization, a cDNA clone that is @entity157 and encodes the @entity1 @entity28886 (P0) was identified. We then evaluated the expression of this phosphoprotein P0 in @entity1 @entity694 samples. Surgical specimens of @entity5 and liver metastases were examined by Northern hybridization of total RNA with one of 2 32P-labeled P0 probes. The mRNA level of the P0 was greater in primary @entity694 than in paired adjacent normal colonic epithelium in 36 of 38 cases; the mean @entity5 /normal ratio was 2.7 (range, up to 13). The @entity5 /normal ratio, when plotted against the @entity5 , gave evidence for increasing P0 expression with increasing stage of @entity694 (P = 0.02). In all 8 cases of paired @entity694 metastatic to liver and 2 cases of paired primary @entity157 , the P0 mRNA level was greater in @entity5 than in adjacent normal liver tissue. The mean @entity5 /normal ratio was 4.0 (range, up to 11) for the @entity694 metastatic to liver and 4.2 for the primary @entity157 samples. These findings support a common increased expression of selected gene products in different @entity5 of endodermal origin and suggest that increased P0 expression, in line with certain other ribosomal proteins, may be associated with @entity1 @entity14 progression and biological @entity146 .

title: Increased expression of @entity1 ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 messenger RNA in @entity157 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', "Dukes' stage of disease", 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity28886 :: ('6175', 'Gene') :: ['acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine whether the routine closure of @entity33 after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can enhance mucosal healing and reduce ESD-associated @entity548 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity356 and no obvious submucosal invasion were prospectively enrolled. @entity33 were left untreated in the control group. In the study group, mucosal closure was attempted with a 2-channel endoscope, a detachable snare, and clips. All @entity1 received a second-look endoscopy the day after ESD, and coagulation therapy was administered to @entity1 with visible vessels and active @entity548 points. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were enrolled in the study, and 26 @entity1 were assigned to each group. Complete @entity33 closure occurred in 16 @entity1 (61%) in the study group; incomplete closure occurred in 8 @entity1 (31%) in the study group, and failed closure occurred in 2 @entity1 (8%). Coagulation therapy at the second-look endoscopy was performed more often in the control group than in the study group (31% vs 4%, p=0.024). There were no significant differences in the incidence of immediate or delayed @entity548 or in the two-week decrease in hemoglobin between the groups. The prevalence of open @entity1066 after 8 weeks was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (18% vs 43%, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Routine mucosal closure after ESD supports earlier healing of artificial @entity1066 . A larger-scale trial is necessary to determine whether mucosal closure can reduce ESD-associated @entity548 .

title: Routine mucosal closure with a detachable snare and clips after endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defect', 'Mucosal defects', 'mucosal defects']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric epithelial neoplasias']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric epithelial neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity400 ( @entity400 ) is the most efficient form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for removing toxic substances from @entity1 ' bodies. However, the efficacy and safety of @entity400 in @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity2246 are still not clear. METHODS: This retrospective study included @entity1 with @entity3205 , @entity6602 , and @entity2185 who received @entity400 or non- @entity400 RRT at our hospital between 2001 and 2012 to remove @entity3265 , @entity368 , or @entity15744 . Both the efficacy and safety of the RRT were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-five courses of RRT, including 25 courses of @entity400 and ten courses of non- @entity400 RRT, for 15 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Before 2006, non- @entity400 RRT procedures, including @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and continuous venous-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), were the most often used; from 2006 onwards @entity400 was used. There was one procedure-unrelated @entity204 . Catheter penetration occurred in one course of @entity400 . The efficacy data revealed that both the median duration of dialysis and the median 50 % toxin reduction time were shorter in @entity400 than in non- @entity400 RRT. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity2246 , @entity400 is safe and more efficient than non- @entity400 RRT at removing toxins.

title: Efficacy and safety of intermittent hemodialysis in @entity1 and young XXXX with @entity2246 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2185 :: ('MESH:C537358', 'Disease') :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Intermittent hemodialysis', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity3205 :: ('MESH:D056806', 'Disease') :: ['urea cycle disorders']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['maple syrup urine disease']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We examined how the @entity308 of intracortical inhibition due to a reduction in ambient @entity1246 concentration impairs perceptual information processing in @entity161 . A neural network model with a gliotransmission-mediated ambient @entity1246 regulatory mechanism was simulated. In the network, interneuron-to-glial-cell and principal-cell-to-glial-cell synaptic contacts were made. The former hyperpolarized glial cells and let their transporters import (remove) @entity1246 from the extracellular space, thereby lowering ambient @entity1246 concentration, reducing extrasynaptic @entity1246 a receptor-mediated tonic inhibitory current, and thus exciting principal cells. In contrast, the latter depolarized the glial cells and let the transporters export @entity1246 into the extracellular space, thereby elevating the ambient @entity1246 concentration and thus inhibiting the principal cells. A reduction in ambient @entity1246 concentration was assumed for a @entity161 network. Multiple dynamic cell assemblies were organized as sensory feature columns. Each cell assembly responded to one specific feature stimulus. The tuning performance of the network to an applied feature stimulus was evaluated in relation to the level of ambient @entity1246 . @entity14200 glial cells caused a deficit in GABAergic gliotransmission and reduced ambient @entity1246 concentration, which markedly deteriorated the tuning performance of the network, broadening the sensory tuning. Interestingly, the GABAergic gliotransmission mechanism could regulate local ambient @entity1246 levels: it augmented ambient @entity1246 around stimulus-irrelevant principal cells, while reducing ambient @entity1246 around stimulus-relevant principal cells, thereby ensuring their selective responsiveness to the applied stimulus. We suggest that a deficit in GABAergic gliotransmission may cause a reduction in ambient @entity1246 concentration, leading to a broadening of sensory tuning in @entity161 . The GABAergic gliotransmission mechanism proposed here may have an important role in the regulation of local ambient @entity1246 levels, thereby improving the sensory tuning performance of the cortex.

title: Deficient GABAergic gliotransmission may cause broader sensory tuning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14200 :: ('MESH:C564766', 'Disease') :: ['Transporter-deficient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate and molecularly characterize @entity328 in samples collected from the aquatic environment in Lebanon. For this purpose, 57 samples of ground waters, sea water, sediments and crabs were collected. Biochemical tests as well as PCR were used for further identification and molecular characterization of 46 suspected isolates using specific primers for the lytA-gene and protein 2B-gene. The confirmed isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial resistance, using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Crab samples exhibited a high contamination level of an average count of 8.2 x 10(4)CFU/g. In water samples, the highest contamination was recorded near a coastal landfill with a bacterial count of 1.8 x 10(3)CFU/ml whereas the lowest bacterial counts (non detectable) were observed in ground water samples. Twenty out of the 46 suspected isolates came from sea water, and 17 out of those were characterized by PCR as @entity2260 . Testing the antimicrobial resistance of the 20 isolates to various antimicrobials showed that all sea water isolates were resistant to @entity2176 , @entity801 , and @entity6101 (100%), whereas 62.5% were resistant to @entity3402 , and only 25% were @entity2929 resistant. Resistance rates were higher in the case of fresh water samples, with 57% resistance to @entity2929 , and 100% resistance to @entity2176 , @entity801 , @entity3402 and @entity6101 . Alternatively, all tested crab isolates were susceptible to @entity2929 . However, they showed a high resistance of 80% against @entity2176 , @entity801 , @entity3402 and 100% against @entity6101 .

title: Antimicrobial-resistance of XXXX isolated from the Lebanese environment.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity2438 is a severe @entity245 , diagnosed on the basis of core behavioral symptoms. Although the mechanistic basis for the disorder is not yet known, genetic analyses have suggested a role for abnormal excitatory/inhibitory signaling systems in brain, including dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In @entity19 , the constitutive knockdown of @entity143 receptors leads to @entity51 , @entity146 , and self-injurious responses that reflect aspects of the @entity2438 clinical profile. However, social phenotypes differ with age: @entity19 with reduced @entity143 -receptor function exhibit hypersociability in adolescence, but markedly @entity942 in adulthood. The present studies determined whether acute disruption of @entity143 neurotransmission leads to exaggerated social approach, similar to that observed with constitutive disruption, in adolescent C57BL/6J @entity19 . The effects of @entity3390 , an @entity143 receptor antagonist, were compared with @entity4944 , a @entity935 agonist, and @entity905 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, on performance in a three-chamber choice task. Results showed that acute treatment with @entity3390 led to social @entity51 at doses without effects on entry numbers. @entity4944 also decreased social preference, but increased number of entries at every dose. @entity905 (10 mg/kg) had selective effects on social novelty preference. Withdrawal from a chronic @entity1068 regimen decreased activity, but did not attenuate sociability. Low doses of @entity3390 and @entity4944 were also evaluated in a marble-burying assay for @entity146 . @entity3390 , at a dose that did not disrupt sociability or alter entries, led to a profound reduction in marble-burying. Overall, these findings demonstrate that moderate alteration of @entity143 , @entity935 , or @entity750 function can attenuate social preference in wild type @entity19 .

title: Disruption of social approach by XXXX , @entity4944 , and @entity905 in adolescent C57BL/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behavior']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['social deficits', 'approach deficits']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient sociability']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze tooth mobility changes in root-fractured permanent @entity4500 and relate this to type of interfragment healing ( @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), interfragment healing with periodontal ligament (PDL) and nonhealing with interposition of @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) because of @entity14479 in the coronal fragment. Furthermore, the effect of age, location of the @entity174 on the root, and observation period on mobility values was analyzed. Mobility values were measured for 44 of 95 previous reported root-fractured permanent @entity2349 . Mobility changes were measured with a M  hlemanns periodontometer and noninjured @entity2349 served as controls. The mobility values represented the labial-lingual excursion of the root measured in  m when the tooth received a frontal and a palatal impact of 100 g force. In 18 cases of @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), a slightly increased mobility was seen after 3 months and 1 year, and a normalization of mobility value was usually found after 5 and 10 years. In 17 cases of PDL healing, generally a higher mobility was found in comparison with root @entity174 healing with hard tissue, and a consistent decrease in mobility value was found in the course of the 10 year observation period. A tendency for reduced mobility over time was found, a relation that could possibly be explained by the known general decrease in tooth mobility with increasing age. Finally, nine cases of nonhealing with initial interposition of @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) because of @entity14479 in the coronal fragment resulted in increasing mobility values possibly related to a lateral breakdown of the PDL in relation to the @entity174 line. In control @entity4500 , a lowering of mobility was found over the course of a 10-year observation period. In conclusion, mobility changes appeared to reflect the radiographic healing stages and known age effects upon tooth mobility.

title: Tooth mobility changes subsequent to root XXXX : a longitudinal clinical study of 44 permanent @entity4500 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity14479 :: ('MESH:D003790', 'Disease') :: ['pulp necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'HT', 'granulation tissue', 'hard tissue healing']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity167 -related admissions are increasing. A significant number of these admissions are attributable to a small number of complex @entity1 with other comorbidities who do not engage well with mainstream services. Assertive outreach teams have been used in the field of psychiatry to engage @entity1 who are poorly compliant. This study examines whether an @entity167 assertive outreach team (AAOT) can engage with this group and reduce hospital admissions. DESIGN: The AAOT is a multidisciplinary team with medical, @entity146 , substance misuse, psychology, nursing and social work specialists. The team worked with @entity1 with the highest number of @entity167 -related admissions and case managed in a community setting for 6   months. The admission and emergency department attendances of the cohort were compared for the 3-month period before and after the intervention. Christo inventory for substance misuse services (CISS) scores were determined pre and post the intervention period. RESULTS: 54 @entity1 were case managed. The total number of admissions in 3   months fell from 151 prior to the intervention period to 50 following the intervention. Emergency department attendances also fell from 360 in 3   months to 146 following the intervention period. CISS scores fell from 11 preintervention to eight postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: An AAOT model appears to reduce hospital admissions and emergency department attendances in a complex group of @entity1 that display high @entity167 -related admissions.

title: Salford @entity167 assertive outreach team: a new model for reducing XXXX -related admissions.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Plasma was obtained from 10 @entity1 subjects at various intervals after administration of two rapid doses of @entity2072 , either intravenously or by smoking, and multiple doses by smoking and intravenously. The plasma was analyzed for @entity11718 and its metabolites, @entity3234 (BE) and @entity29427 (EME). Plasma concentrations of @entity11718 were found to be dose-dependent. For @entity1 receiving two successive doses of @entity11718 intravenously (IV) or by smoking (SM), the average half-life of @entity11718 was found to be between 38 and 39 minutes, regardless of the dose or route of administration. Considerable interindividual variation was observed. Multiple doses of both SM and IV @entity11718 were administered to three @entity1 in a manner consistent with @entity11718 abuse. The maximum @entity11718 concentration observed was 1.2 mg/L following a total administration of 316 mg of @entity11718 over 90 min. Analysis of BE and EME confirmed that BE is the principle metabolite of @entity11718 in blood. All @entity11718 was accounted for by BE. EME, when present, did not exceed 5% of the BE concentration.

title: Concentration of @entity2072 and metabolites in plasma of @entity1 following intravenous administration and smoking of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29427 :: ('MESH:C034524', 'Chemical') :: ['ecgonine methyl ester']

entities_list: @entity3234 :: ('MESH:C005618', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylecgonine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemokine signaling and monocytes/macrophages were implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity13785 . We tested the association between chemokines involved in monocyte recruitment and @entity13785 . METHODS: Immunophenotyping for white blood cell (WBC) populations including @entity5750 ++ @entity4071 - and @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes, @entity1075 +, CD3+, and @entity4071 + lymphocytes, and chemokine receptors @entity16951 , @entity9172 , @entity5075 , @entity9173 , and @entity436 was performed on peripheral blood from treatment-na  ve neovascular @entity13785 (NV- @entity13785 ) @entity1 and controls. The mRNA level of chemokine receptors in monocytes was measured with quantitative-PCR. Systemic levels of major chemokine ligands @entity2842 , @entity5737 , @entity10557 , and @entity371 were evaluated by ELISA. Genotyping was performed for risk SNPs for @entity13785 in the @entity4050 , C3, and @entity13588 genes. RESULTS: The percentage of WBC subpopulations tested was similar between NV- @entity13785 @entity1 (n = 18) and controls (n = 20). @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocyte subpopulation showed a 3.5-fold increased expression of @entity16951 (P = 0.039; t-test) and a 2.2-fold increased expression of @entity9172 (P = 0.027) in @entity1 compared with controls. Increased @entity16951 and @entity9172 expression was correlated with each other in @entity1 (R(2) = 0.64, P < 0.0001), but not controls (R(2) = 0.02, P = 0.57). Increased mRNA levels of @entity16951 (1.6-fold, P = 0.037) and @entity9172 (1.6-fold, P = 0.007) were found in monocytes from NV- @entity13785 @entity1 . @entity436 expression was not correlated with the presence of risk SNPs, and was not associated with blood chemokine levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16951 and @entity9172 are coupregulated on the @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocyte population in NV- @entity13785 @entity1 . These data implicate @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes and chemokine signaling in @entity13785 . Additional investigation is needed to elucidate the role of these monocytes and their potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target for @entity13785 .

title: @entity436 expression in peripheral blood monocytes from XXXX with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['Chemokine receptor', 'CXCR4']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity414 (UA) is known to be associated with excess @entity1386 and insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between UA and the factors associated with the @entity209 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), both @entity1613 . METHODS: Serum UA was assessed as a potential determinant of concurrent blood pressure, serum lipids, @entity413 regulation measured via an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), acute insulin response (AIR), and insulin action (M) measured with @entity1717 in 245 @entity1 (72% Native American, 56% male). UA was also assessed as a predictor of the above variables in 60 @entity1 with follow-up data available (median follow-up time=11.2 years [interquartile range (IQR)=8.1, 13.6 years]. The impact of UA on the risk of @entity6 was determined as 36 of the 245 @entity1 developed @entity6 after the baseline visit. RESULTS: UA was negatively associated with both concurrent and future M, such that for every 1   mg/dL increase in serum UA, M decreased 7.6% (P<0.001) and future M decreased 6.3% (P=0.02). However, UA was not associated with AIR (P=0.7). UA concentrations were a predictor of @entity6 [hazard risk ratio (HRR)=1.5; P=0.02]. UA was positively associated with both concurrent blood pressure and lipids and also predicted future increases in blood pressure and total @entity165 . CONCLUSIONS: Not only did UA associate with concomitant insulin action, blood pressure, and lipids, it also predicted future declines in insulin action and @entity6 . UA is a potential target for preventing @entity1720 and rises in blood pressure and @entity165 .

title: Serum @entity414 predicts both current and future components of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initially and longitudinally']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Ixodid ticks are vectors of @entity1 diseases such as @entity3001 , @entity743 , @entity9187 , and @entity17991 . These diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and are transmitted to @entity1 during tick feeding. The tick-host-pathogen interface is a complex environment where host responses are modulated by the molecules in tick saliva to enable the acquisition of a blood meal. Disruption of host responses at the site of the tick bite may also provide an advantage for pathogens to survive and replicate. Thus, the molecules in tick saliva not only aid the tick in securing a nutrient-rich blood meal, but can also enhance the transmission and acquisition of pathogens. To investigate the effect of feeding and @entity31713 on the salivary gland transcript expression profile in ticks, a first-generation microarray was developed using ESTs from a cDNA library derived from @entity3966 salivary glands. When the salivary gland transcript profile in ticks feeding over the course of 3 days was compared to that in unfed ticks, a dramatic increase in transcripts related to metabolism was observed. Specifically, 578 transcripts were up-regulated compared to 151 down-regulated transcripts in response to feeding. When specific time points post attachment were analyzed, a temporal pattern of gene expression was observed. When @entity5053 -infected ticks were compared to mock-infected ticks, transcript expression changes were observed at all 3 days of feeding. Differentially regulated transcripts include putative secreted proteins, lipocalins, Kunitz domain-containing proteins, anti-microbial peptides, and transcripts of unknown function. These studies identify salivary gland transcripts that are differentially regulated during feeding or in the context of @entity31713 in @entity3966 nymphs, a medically important disease vector. Further analysis of these transcripts may identify salivary factors that affect the transmission or replication of @entity7545 .

title: Differential salivary gland transcript expression profile in @entity3966 nymphs upon feeding or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity9187 :: ('MESH:D000712', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity31713 :: ('MESH:D018177', 'Disease') :: ['flavivirus infection']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne flaviviruses']

answer: @entity31713 :: (MESH:D018177,Disease) :: ['flavivirus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and location of injury to the urinary tract during hysterectomy for @entity13374 . METHODS: This was a prospective clinical study in an academic environment performed at three sites. Diagnostic cystourethroscopy was performed on all @entity1 after hysterectomy for benign disease. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty-nine @entity1 were enrolled. The incidence of @entity5450 associated with hysterectomy for benign disease was 4.3% (39 of 839 cases). The rate of @entity1494 was 2.9% (24 of 839 cases), and rate of @entity1901 was 1.8% (15 of 839 cases). There were three cases of simultaneous bladder and @entity1901 , resulting in a cumulative injury rate of 4.3%. The injury detection rate using intraoperative diagnostic cystoscopy was 97.4% (817 of 839 cases). The most common site of @entity1698 was at the junction of the ureter and the uterine artery in 80% (12 of 15 cases) of @entity1901 . Transection and kinking injuries were the most frequent @entity130 . There were 21 cases of subnormal dye efflux from the ureteral orifices, with no subsequent injury detected on further evaluation. CONCLUSION: @entity1901 occurred most commonly at the level of the uterine artery, and transection and kinking injuries were most frequent. Diminished dye efflux from ureteral orifices was not associated with injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: XXXX during hysterectomy based on universal cystoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries', 'Ureteral injury', 'ureteral injury']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['benign gynecologic disease']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract injury']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the ureter']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low doses of subcutaneous @entity251 in hypogonadal @entity1 since the intramuscular route, which is the most widely used form of @entity251 replacement therapy, is inconvenient to many @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity6126 attending the reproductive endocrine clinic at Royal Victoria Hospital, Monteral, Quebec, Canada, were invited to participate in the study. Subjects were enrolled from January 2002 till December 2002. @entity1 were asked to self-administer weekly low doses of @entity2609 using 0.5 ml insulin syringe. RESULTS: A total of 22 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The mean trough was 14.48 +/- 3.14 nmol/L and peak total @entity251 was 21.65 +/- 7.32 nmol/L. For the free @entity251 the average trough was 59.94 +/- 20.60 pmol/L and the peak was 85.17 +/- 32.88 pmol/L. All of the @entity1 delivered @entity251 with ease and no local reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Therapy with weekly subcutaneous @entity251 produced serum levels that were within the normal range in 100% of @entity1 for both peak and trough levels. This is the first report, which demonstrated the efficacy of delivering weekly @entity251 using this cheap, safe, and less painful subcutaneous route.

title: Subcutaneous administration of XXXX . A pilot study report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone enanthate']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1956 ( @entity97 ) induced @entity157 is the greatest @entity5 health disparity affecting Asian Americans, but the prevalence of screening to detect @entity97 is suboptimal. AIMS: Our aims were to determine the effectiveness of electronic health record (EHR) prompts to increase ordering of @entity97 tests among primary care providers (PCPs) within an academic health system. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial between April and June 2011 among 76 PCPs caring for 175 outpatient adults with Chinese or Vietnamese surnames, with appointments with providers and no history of @entity97 testing. Providers were randomized to either receive an EHR prompt for @entity97 testing prior to @entity1 ' appointments or usual care. Primary outcomes were the proportion of @entity1 (1) whose physician ordered a HBsAg test and (2) who completed testing. Secondary outcomes were (A) test results and (B) whether the physicians followed-up on the results. RESULTS: HBsAg tests were ordered for 36/88 (40.9  %) of the intervention @entity1 and 1/87 (1.1  %) of the control @entity1 [   (2) (df  =  1)  =  41.48, p  <  0.001]. Thirty intervention @entity1 (34.1  %) and no control @entity1 completed the HBsAg test [   (2) (df  =  1)  =  35.80, p  <  0.001]. Four (13.3  %) of the completed tests were HBsAg-positive, 14 (46.7  %) were immune, and 12 (40  %) were unprotected from @entity97 . Two HBsAg-positive @entity1 were referred to specialists, and 3 unprotected @entity1 were vaccinated for @entity97 . CONCLUSIONS: EHR-based provider prompts significantly increased @entity97 testing in Chinese and Vietnamese @entity1 when compared to "usual care." EHR prompts are a promising intervention that could significantly increase screening for @entity97 .

title: Electronic messages increase @entity1956 screening in at-risk Asian American XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A young 23-year-old male @entity1 presented with a two-day history of right @entity812 . He had no history of any significant illnesses in the past. His investigations showed @entity1985 range @entity644 with @entity4988 . The @entity1 developed cough and @entity1353 after having a left kidney biopsy. He did not respond to regular respiratory tract infection treatment. The kidney biopsy revealed @entity631 . Further investigations for the cough showed @entity1031 of the posterior and lateral basal segments of the right lower lobe. Moreover he was found to have @entity715 of the right upper pole renal vein. The @entity1 was started on full anticoagulation along with three days pulse @entity134 , followed by 1 mg/kg oral @entity134 . Clinical improvement was noticed within 48 h. After eight weeks the @entity644 decreased from 8.5 gm/day to 1.1 gm/day. The kidney function was normal with @entity470 145 mL/min through the course of the disease. This case represent one of the unusual presentation of @entity1985 with @entity1151 events. The response to the combination of anticoagulation and @entity134 was remarkable.

title: Unusual presentation of @entity715 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and renal vascular thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery embolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the first described cases of peripheral yellow corneal rings secondary to vitamin supplementation for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Retrospective single-center case series. @entity1 : The eyes of 4 @entity1 taking vitamin supplementation for @entity1020 were examined at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology between January 2010 and April 2011. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 4 @entity1 with peripheral corneal rings receiving vitamin supplementation for @entity1020 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of peripheral yellow corneal rings, skin findings, and serum carotene levels. RESULTS: Each @entity1 had circumferential, yellow, peripheral corneal rings and exhibited subtle yellowing of the skin most notable on the palms. Serum carotene levels were normal in 2 of the 3 @entity1 and markedly elevated in the last @entity1 in whom it was measured. CONCLUSIONS: It is unclear at this time how to counsel @entity1 with this ocular finding. We suspect that these rings are more common than generally appreciated because they may have a subtle appearance or be misdiagnosed as @entity20123 . We suggest that a formal study be performed on a cohort of @entity1 taking vitamin supplementation for @entity1020 that specifically screens for yellow rings and measures serum carotene levels when they are identified.

title: Yellow corneal ring associated with vitamin supplementation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration', 'ARMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity20123 :: ('MESH:D001112', 'Disease') :: ['arcus senilis']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: Genetic parameters for scale @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) were estimated from generations 5, 6, and 7 of a randomly selected, composite population composed of Duroc, Large White, and 2 sources of Landrace (n = 2,186). At approximately 156 d of age, @entity1707 were weighed (BW) and ultrasound backfat measurements (BF1, BF2, and BF3) were done. While @entity1707 were in the scale, an @entity3457 was assigned, which ranged from 1 (calm) to 5 (highly excited), where 58.1, 28.5, 8.9, 4.0, and 0.5% were scored as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Statistical model effects were year-week of measurement, sex, covariates of age for @entity3457 and BW or BW for BF1, BF2, and BF3, and an animal direct genetic effect. A 5-trait linear mixed model was used. Estimated heritabilities were 0.23, 0.54, 0.56, 0.52, and 0.48 for @entity3457 , BW, BF1, BF2, and BF3, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between @entity3457 and BW, @entity3457 and BF1, @entity3457 and BF2, and @entity3457 and BF3 were -0.38, -0.11, -0.12, and -0.16 respectively. Results indicated @entity3457 had a heritable genetic component and was genetically correlated with performance traits. Estimated genetic correlations between @entity3457 and backfat measurements adjusted to a common BW were negative, as was the genetic correlation of @entity3457 with BW. Therefore, selection for more docile animals would be expected to result in fatter, faster growing @entity1707 .

title: Estimates of genetic parameters among scale activity scores, growth, and fatness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activity score', 'AS']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether exercise during pregnancy can prevent @entity6677 and improve insulin resistance. METHODS: A total of 855 @entity1 in gestational week 18-22 were randomly assigned to receiving a 12-week standard exercise program (intervention group) or standard antenatal care (control group). The exercise program followed standard recommendations and included moderate-intensity to high-intensity activity 3 or more days per week. Primary outcomes were @entity6677 and insulin resistance estimated by the homeostasis model assessment method. For the power calculation, we assumed a @entity6677 prevalence of 9% in the control group and a prevalence of 4% in the exercise group (risk difference of 5%). Under these assumptions, a two-sample comparison with a 5% level of significance and power of 0.80 gave a study population of 381 @entity1 in each group. RESULTS: At 32-36 weeks of gestation there were no differences between groups in prevalence of @entity6677 : 25 of 375 (7%) in the intervention group compared with 18 of 327 (6%) in the control group (P=.52). There were no differences in insulin resistance between groups when adjusting for baseline values. Only 55% of @entity1 in the intervention group managed to follow the recommended exercise protocol. No serious adverse events related to physical exercise were seen, and the outcomes of pregnancy were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that offering @entity1 a 12-week standard exercise program during the second half of pregnancy prevents @entity6677 or improves insulin resistance in healthy pregnant @entity1 with normal body mass indexes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: : ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00476567.

title: Regular exercise during pregnancy to prevent XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']