abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lifestyle interventions targeting gestational @entity1017 (GWG) report varying degrees of success. To better understand factors influencing efficacy, we reviewed randomized trials specifically among @entity28 and overweight pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 32 studies with a pooled population of 5,869 overweight or @entity28 pregnant @entity1 . Random effects models were fit to compute the @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in GWG between groups across studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare intervention efficacy in overweight vs. @entity28 pregnant @entity1 , and interventions delivered by prenatal care providers (PCPs) vs. non-PCPs during pregnancy. Moderator analyses ensured. RESULTS: Nine (28%) of 32 studies reported significant reductions in GWG in response to intervention. Of these, six (66%) of nine were delivered by PCPs. Overall, the @entity353 in GWG was -1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.55, -0.86)  kg. However, interventions delivered by PCPs yielded a significantly greater reduction in GWG compared to interventions delivered by non-PCPs ( @entity353  =  -3.88  kg; 95% CI: -7.01, -0.75 vs. -0.80  kg; 95% CI: -1.32, -0.28; p for difference  =  0.005). CONCLUSION: When PCPs counsel nutrition and physical activity, @entity28 and overweight pregnant @entity1 have greater success meeting GWG targets and may be more motivated to modify their behaviour than with other modes of intervention deliveries.

title: What characteristics of nutrition and physical activity interventions are key to effectively reducing XXXX in @entity28 or overweight pregnant @entity1 ? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: @entity73 has been demonstrated in @entity15 but has not been extensively studied after acute disseminated @entity1651 (ADEM). Because ADEM often presents with @entity17 , which may not completely resolve, these @entity1 may be at risk for persistent @entity73 . The study objective was to explore the profile and severity of @entity149 in pediatric ADEM. @entity1 aged 6-15 years diagnosed with ADEM were invited to participate in a structured neurologic assessment, neuropsychological evaluation, and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Nine of 15 @entity1 diagnosed with ADEM met the age criteria and six participated in the study. The mean age at presentation was 7.7 years; the mean duration of follow-up was 3.5 years. As a group, these @entity1 with prior ADEM performed within the average range on cognitive testing. However, a variety of mild @entity73 were demonstrated in each of the @entity1 , even in those whose magnetic resonance imaging studies had completely normalized. Four @entity1 demonstrated a cognitive profile of relatively poorer @entity177 . The @entity73 observed in these @entity1 are similar but less severe than those previously reported in adults and @entity1 with @entity15 , which may reflect the monophasic nature of ADEM, compared with the chronic, recurrent demyelination characteristic of @entity15 .

title: Neurocognitive outcome after acute disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['widespread demyelination']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive sequelae']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial/visuomotor function']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: The immunochemical relatedness, multiplicity, and expression of microsomal @entity1785 -containing monooxygenases were assessed in hepatic, pulmonary, and renal microsomal preparations from adult, male @entity95 , @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity840 , and hamsters. Preparations from adult female (pregnant and nonpregnant) and immature male and female @entity95 were also examined. Microsomes were analyzed by immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to @entity1785 -containing monooxygenases purified from @entity1707 , @entity19 , and @entity95 liver, and @entity95 lung. Pulmonary @entity1785 -containing monooxygenases, which differ from the major forms of the enzyme present in liver, were detected in pulmonary samples from all species. The major hepatic enzymes, or very closely related proteins, were also detected in pulmonary samples from every species except the @entity95 . Three forms of pulmonary @entity1785 -containing monooxygenase are found in @entity95 and @entity840 . Differences in the expression of these three forms were observed with @entity95 ; all three were detected with some individuals and only two with others. The hepatic form of the @entity1785 -containing monooxygenase is present in kidney of all species examined, and the pulmonary form is detected in kidney of @entity95 , @entity19 , and hamsters, but not @entity35 or @entity840 . Kidneys and lungs of individual @entity95 were of the same phenotype with respect to the expression of the pulmonary forms of the enzyme. The findings show that the expression of @entity1785 monooxygenase isozymes is tissue and species dependent.

title: Tissue- and species-dependent expression of multiple forms of mammalian microsomal XXXX -containing monooxygenase.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity1785 :: (MESH:C024132,Chemical) :: ['flavin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Shear wave elastography (SWE) has not been studied for diagnosing @entity698 . We postulated that an inflamed appendix would become stiffer than a normal appendix. We evaluated the elastic modulus values (EMV) by SWE in healthy volunteers, @entity1 without @entity698 , and @entity1 with @entity698 . We also evaluated diagnostic ability of SWE for differentiating an inflamed from a normal appendix in @entity1 with suspected @entity698 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity697 and 11 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled. Gray-scale ultrasonography (US), SWE and multi-slice computed tomography (CT) were performed. The EMV was measured in the anterior, medial, and posterior appendiceal wall using SWE, and the highest value (kPa) was recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 were classified into @entity698 (n=30) and no @entity698 groups (n=11). One case of a negative appendectomy was detected. The median EMV was significantly higher in the @entity698 group (25.0 kPa) compared to that in the no @entity698 group (10.4 kPa) or in the healthy controls (8.3 kPa) (p<0.001). Among SWE and other US and CT features, CT was superior to any conventional gray-scale US feature or SWE. Either the CT diameter criterion or combined three CT features predicted true positive in 30 and true negative in 11 cases and yielded 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. An EMV of 12.5 kPa for the stiffest region of the appendix predicted true positive in 28, true negative in 11, and false negative in two cases. The EMV (>= 12.5 kPa) yielded 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that EMV by SWE helps distinguish an inflamed from a normal appendix. Given that SWE has high specificity, quantitative measurement of the elasticity of the appendix may provide complementary information, in addition to morphologic features on gray-scale US, in the diagnosis of @entity698 .

title: Quantitative measurement of elasticity of the appendix using shear wave elastography in @entity1 with suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the hepatotoxicity associated with ingestion of the Chinese herbal product Jin Bu Huan Anodyne Tablets (Lycopodium, serratum) and to propose possible mechanisms of injury. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Academic hepatology units and private practice facilities. @entity1 : Seven previously healthy @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histologic studies. RESULTS: Acute @entity99 occurred after a mean of 20 weeks (range, 7 to 52 weeks) of Jin Bu Huan ingestion and resolved in six @entity1 within a mean of 8 weeks (range, 2 to 30 weeks); another @entity1 is currently improving. @entity99 was associated with symptoms of @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity111 , and @entity490 and with signs of @entity1087 and @entity382 . Biopsy specimens showed that one @entity1 had @entity99 with @entity1712 (consistent with a drug reaction) and the other had mild @entity99 , moderate @entity82 , and @entity1560 . Decreasing the Jin Bu Huan dose in one @entity1 improved liver test results. Reusing Jin Bu Huan in two other @entity1 caused abrupt recrudescence of @entity99 . CONCLUSION: Jin Bu Huan can cause @entity99 . Although the hepatotoxic mechanisms are not defined, they may include @entity56 or direct @entity137 to active metabolites. Hepatotoxicity caused by herbal products underscores the @entity137 caused by herbal products underscores the importance of national surveillance programs and quality control of the manufacture of these products.

title: Acute XXXX associated with the Chinese herbal product jin bu huan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['microvesicular steatosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive or idiosyncratic reactions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis', 'liver injury', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: @entity4236 remains a challenging disease because of its rarity, the complexity of surrounding structures, missing opinions of optimal treatment protocol, and complications associated with necessary surgery. Our objective was to analyse the management and outcome of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity4236 from 1990 to 2009 in a tertiary medical centre. There were 17 eligible @entity1 (8 males and 9 females) with the median age of 53 years (range 20-75 years). An obvious inconsistency was noted in the management of the various @entity5 of the present series during the two decades due to a lack of a uniform treatment protocol. The median follow-up time was 57.5 months (range 3-158 months). Nine @entity1 (seven with curative treatment intent) died of the disease with the median time from diagnosis to @entity204 of 60 months (range 3-161 months). Eight @entity1 had no evidence of the disease at last follow-up visit (median 76 months, range 24-119 months). Recurrences were documented in seven of the @entity1 . The median time from end of primary treatment to a recurrence was 57 months (range 6-110 months). The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival was 68 and 62%, respectively. The management of ENB should be planned by an experienced head and neck surgeon as part of a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary referral setting. Multimodality therapy with long-term follow-up is preferable and should be set based on the available disease-specific classifications for clinical staging and histopathological grading.

title: The developing management of XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Controversies exist regarding the ideal approach in a revision total knee arthroplasty for @entity281 , providing adequate exposure with minimum complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of second stage revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between @entity121 (QS) approaches for infected TKA. METHODS: The clinical and radiological outcomes of 27 @entity1 of TTO and 21 @entity1 of QS in second stage revision TKA for infected TKA were compared with an average follow up of 51  months. We evaluated the clinical outcomes including HSS score, WOMAC score, flexion @entity1159 , and maximal flexion between two groups. The radiological outcomes in terms of femorotibial alignment, patellar height and complications were also compared. RESULTS: At the final follow-up, KSS score, HSS score, WOMAC score, flexion @entity1159 , and maximal flexion showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The femorotibial alignment and patellar height also showed no differences between the two groups. During the surgery, patellar tendon partial @entity155 was more commonly observed in the QS group than in the TTO group (five vs two cases). CONCLUSION: Both @entity121 in revision TKA were considered as good approaches without significant complications. However, cautious exposure of patellar tendon or strong fixation of the osteotomy is needed to minimize the complications.

title: XXXX and tibial tubercle osteotomy in revision for infected total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) and quadriceps snip', 'tibial tubercle osteotomy and quadriceps snip']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Comparison of quadriceps snip']


abstract: Since idiopathic @entity2530 (IO) has been observed to occur in association with @entity209 , eight inbred @entity95 with heritable @entity407 were examined for IO. Studies of circulating fatty elements and peripheral tissues were also done. Necrotic changes in 60% of the femoral heads were observed by light and electron microscopic examinations. The most characteristic changes included thickening of the subchondral bone trabeculae due to reactive new bone on dead bone, diminished marrow cavities filled with fatty tissue, haversian canals with fat, and loss or pyknosis of osteocyte nuclei with cytoplasmic "fatty" vacuolation. @entity10942 -positive substances were frequently observed in the osteocytes of necrotic trabeculae. The appositional new bone lining dead trabeculae was also subject to necrotic change. Diseased vessels or emboli in the location of @entity39 were not observed. Electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins showed a marked decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) associated with the accumulation of lipids in the peripheral tissues. These changes may represent a failure in lipid transport. Based on these aberrations, we propose that the decrease in HDL may play a role in the pathogenesis of IO in @entity95 with heritable @entity407 .

title: Fat @entity39 of osteocytes as a causative factor in idiopathic XXXX in heritable hyperlipemic @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['bone necrosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of fat metabolism']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: @entity566 is inversely related to @entity11 risk. To determine whether prediagnostic @entity566 -related serum proteins are associated with @entity11 , we conducted a nested case-control study of seven cytokines ( @entity3646 , @entity4047 , @entity225 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity379 , @entity6474 ), two soluble cytokine receptors (sIL4RA, sIL13RA2) and three @entity566 -related transcription factors ( @entity403 , @entity4104 , @entity8850 ) using serum specimens from the Janus Serum Bank Cohort in Oslo, Norway. Blood donors subsequently diagnosed with @entity11 (n = 487) were matched to controls (n = 487) on age and date of blood draw and sex. We first estimated individual effects of the 12 serum proteins and then interactions between @entity3646 and @entity4047 and their receptors using conditional logistic regression. We next tested equality of case-control inter-correlations among the 12 serum proteins. We found that @entity6474 is inversely related to @entity463 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)) = 0.76, 0.98). In addition,  <= 5 years before diagnosis, we observed associations between @entity3646 (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.01), sIL4RA (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65, 1.00), their interaction (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.12) and @entity463 . This interaction was apparent > 20 years before diagnosis ( @entity3646 -sIL4RA OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.37). Findings for @entity11 were similar. Case correlations were different from control correlations stratified on time before diagnosis. Five years or less before diagnosis, correlations among case serum proteins were weaker than were those among controls. Our findings suggest that @entity3646 and sIL4RA reduce @entity11 risk long before diagnosis and @entity8658 affects circulating immune function proteins.

title: Association between Prediagnostic @entity566 -Related Serum Cytokines and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early gliomagenesis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: Pathological modifications in the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein @entity745 were recently associated to @entity179 including @entity746 ( @entity746 ), a @entity74 that affects predominantly motoneurons [Neumann, M. et al. (2006) Ubiquitinated @entity745 in @entity747 and @entity746 . Science 314, 130-133, Sreedharan, J. et al. (2008) @entity745 mutations in familial and sporadic @entity746 . Science 319, 1668-1672, Kabashi, E. et al. (2008) TARDBP mutations in individuals with sporadic and familial @entity746 . Nat. Genet. 40, 572-574]. However, the function of @entity745 in vivo is unknown and a possible direct role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. Here, we report that flies lacking @entity238 @entity745 appeared externally normal but presented @entity146 , reduced life span and anatomical defects at the neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes were rescued by expression of the @entity1 protein in a restricted group of neurons including motoneurons. Our results demonstrate the role of this protein in vivo and suggest an alternative explanation to @entity746 pathogenesis that may be more due to the lack of @entity745 function than to the @entity137 of the aggregates.

title: Depletion of @entity745 affects @entity238 motoneurons terminal synapsis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['deficient locomotive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['late-onset disorder']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['locomotive behavior']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 from 2 months to 7 years (mean age 2.74 years +/- 1.62) diagnosed to have @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) were evaluated for serial serum @entity1372 levels and osmolality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and urine on admission and the results compared with 20 age and nutritionally matched controls, and these investigations repeated on day 3 and day 10. Mean serum @entity1372 levels (130.7 +/- 6.26 mEq/L), and osmolality of CSF (272.0 +/- 7.0 mOsm/kg) and serum (275.5 +/- 6.09 mOsm/kg) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in controls. @entity2753 was detected in 65% of cases on admission, 47% on day 3 and in 30.8% on day 10. All the @entity1 with @entity2753 had biochemical evidence of @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) on admission. Incidence of @entity6085 gradually decreased to 41.2% on day 3 and 15.4% on day 10. In some of the cases serum @entity1372 levels and osmolality of serum and CSF took about 3 weeks to return to normal. CSF osmolality was lower than concomitant serum osmolality in @entity1 as well as in controls. In @entity1 with @entity6085 , CSF osmolality followed the same trend as serum values and returned to normal in 2-3 weeks. Overall mortality was 25%. Two out of 3 @entity1 who expired during first 3 days had @entity6085 but in those cases who survived there was no correlation with degree of meningeal inflammatory changes or ultimate outcome. @entity6085 is commonly associated with @entity1906 and should be diagnosed early in order to modify the fluid therapy in these cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum XXXX and osmolal changes in @entity1906 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone', 'SIADH']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As countries develop economically, an "epidemiological transition" occurs whereby a set of @entity102 increasingly becomes a country's health challenge. Against this background, this paper examines the most common conditions associated with the prevalence of @entity6 in Qatar, with a specific focus on the @entity101 nexus. METHODS: We analyzed data from the World Health Organization's World Health Survey conducted in the State of Qatar in 2006. The survey included demographic, anthropometric, and blood chemistry measurements. Using multivariate logistical regression analysis, we assessed the most common conditions associated with @entity6 , using both objective and subjective measures of @entity6 . The objective measures relied on random blood sugar tests, and the subjective measure included respondents who affirmatively answered the question on @entity6 diagnosis. We repeated our analysis on respondents who had blood @entity413 levels high enough to be considered @entity6 / @entity413 intolerant but did not answer affirmatively on the question of @entity6 diagnosis. RESULTS: WHEN USING THE OBJECTIVE MEASURE OF DIABETES, THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS APPEARED SIGNIFICANT: @entity28 (OR   =   1.5, 95% CI   =   1.2 - 1.9), higher income (OR   =   1.4, 95% CI   =   1.0 - 1.9), high @entity165 (OR   =   1.4, 95% CI   =   1.0 - 1.9), having Qatari origin (OR   =   1.3, 95% CI   =   1.0 - 1.7), and increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139  mmHg (OR   =   1.5, 95% CI   =   1.2 - 2.0), SBP 140-159  mmHg (OR   =   2.2, 95% CI   =   1.6 - 3.1), SBP   >   160  mmHg (OR   =   3.2, 95% CI   =   2.0 - 5.3). Similar results were obtained using the subjective measure of @entity6 as a dependent variable. When applied to the group of respondents that included pre- @entity6 and those who did not know they were @entity6 , @entity28 and @entity101 appeared as the only statistically significant explanatory variables. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of @entity6 , @entity101 , and especially @entity28 is documented among residents of Qatar. Further steps are required to tackle the most common conditions associated with the rising @entity6 in the country, which might also pose significant fiscal challenges in the future.

title: The XXXX nexus in Qatar: evidence from the World Health Survey.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-obesity-hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes epidemic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['diabetes-obesity-hypertension']


abstract: In this communication we describe (1) a method for preparing pulmonary arteries and veins for examination by scanning electron microscopy and (2) the topographic characteristics of the luminal surface of these vessels. Seven healthy adult @entity235 were used in this study. The pulmonary vasculature was washed free of blood by perfusion with Tyrode's solution. Blood vessels were partially fixed in situ under physiologic pressure in 3 @entity235 (15 mm of @entity5332 ) or 2 times physiologic pressure in 4 @entity235 (30 mm of @entity5332 ) by perfusion with 1% @entity3584 . The pulmonary artery and aorta were tied off and the lungs were removed and immersed in 1% @entity3584 for 4 hours for additional fixation under pressure. Blood vessels were dissected free of surrounding tissue, further fixed in 2.5% @entity3584 , postfixed in @entity3734 , dehydrated, and critical point dried. The luminal surfaces were sufficiently flat to allow visualization of most of the topographic features of the luminal surface. Even 1 missing endothelial cell wound have been obvious. Contrary to previous reports, we did not find a dense population of finger-like projections on the surface of arterial endothelium. Rather, we found a modest number of small rounded blebs. The venous endothelial sheet was similar in appearance. These observations demonstrate that scanning electron microscopy may be used to study @entity455 in pulmonary vaessels, as well as in more accessible peripheral vessels.

title: Scanning electron microscopy of XXXX pulmonary arteries and veins.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Handwriting is often impaired in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Several studies have shown that @entity5516 in @entity191 benefits from the use of cues. However, this was typically studied with @entity5516 and drawing sizes that are usually not used in daily life. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effect of visual cueing on a prewriting task at small amplitudes ( <=1.0 cm) in @entity191 @entity1 and healthy controls to better understand the working action of cueing for @entity5516 . METHODS: A total of 15 @entity191 @entity1 and 15 healthy, age-matched controls performed a prewriting task at 0.6 cm and 1.0 cm in the presence and absence of visual cues (target lines). Writing amplitude, variability of amplitude, and speed were chosen as dependent variables, measured using a newly developed touch-sensitive tablet. RESULTS: Cueing led to immediate improvements in @entity5516 size, variability of @entity5516 size, and speed in both groups in the 1.0 cm condition. However, when @entity5516 at 0.6 cm with cues, a decrease in @entity5516 size was apparent in both groups (P < .001) and the difference in variability of amplitude between cued and uncued @entity5516 disappeared. In addition, the @entity5516 speed of controls decreased when the cue was present. CONCLUSIONS: Visual target lines of 1.0 cm improved the @entity5516 of sequential loops in contrast to lines spaced at 0.6 cm. These results illustrate that, unlike for gait, visual cueing for fine-motor tasks requires a differentiated approach, taking into account the possible increases of accuracy constraints imposed by cueing.

title: Opposite Effects of Visual Cueing During Writing-Like Movements of Different Amplitudes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: @entity369 -vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) - via activation of the @entity2339 - may play a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and related @entity65 . Brown adipose tissue (BAT) - via dissipation of energy in the form of heat - contributes to whole body energy balance. BAT expresses vasopressin receptors. We investigated direct effects of @entity1831 on @entity209 . @entity1629 protein expression in differentiated brown adipocytes was induced after acute exposure of adipocytes to @entity1831 . This effect was time-dependent with a maximum increase after 8h. @entity1831 also induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in @entity1435 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of @entity1435 MAP kinase with @entity4285 abolished the induction of @entity1629 protein expression. Furthermore, while acute @entity1831 treatment enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2842 and @entity650 , @entity1254 mRNA expression was reduced. Yet, on the level of intracellular @entity413 uptake, there was no @entity1831 -induced change of adipose insulin-induced @entity413 uptake. Finally, there was no difference in lipid accumulation between control and @entity1831 -treated cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate direct effects of @entity1831 on thermogenic, inflammatory, and glucoregulatory gene expression in brown adipocytes, thus expanding the hitherto known spectrum of this neuropeptides's biological effects and suggesting a direct adipotropic role as a stress-promoting factor.

title: XXXX -vasopressin directly promotes a thermogenic and pro-inflammatory adipokine expression profile in brown adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['brown adipose endocrine and metabolic functions']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: Because increasing evidence implicates heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as essential cofactors in receptor-growth factor interactions, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in cell-matrix adhesion processes and yet little is known about their cellular distribution pattern and cellular sources in liver tissue, we used monoclonal antibodies specific for the core proteins of @entity13220 , glypican, and perlecan to investigate their immunohistochemical expression in normal adult @entity1 liver biopsy specimens. @entity13221 was expressed in sinusoidal endothelial cells, whereas the endothelium of the portal tract vessels was negative. Hepatocytes showed a membranous staining pattern of the sinusoidal and intercellular domain. Bile duct epithelial cells showed basolateral membrane positivity. Immunoreactivity for @entity13222 was seen in mesenchymal cells, accentuated around bile ducts. @entity13223 showed intense staining of hepatic arterial and portal venous endothelial cells, of mesenchymal cells, and of Ito cells. Immunohistochemistry for @entity13224 showed a granular staining pattern of hepatocytes at their bile canalicular pole. Glypican showed weak positivity in portal tract mesenchymal cells and clear positivity in nerve bundles. Perlecan was present in Disse's space, in endothelial cells, in basement membranes surrounding bile ducts and vessels, in vessel walls, and in mesenchymal cells. The highly differential expression of these HSPGs in the different cell compartments of the liver, as well as in basement membranes and in Disse's space, suggests that each of these proteoglycans has a specific function in the interplay of cells, matrix molecules, growth factors, and proteinases.

title: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in normal XXXX liver.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Two @entity369 -specific @entity857 -ribosyltransferase cDNAs (designated @entity19790 and @entity19791 ) were cloned from @entity1573 bone marrow cells. Each cDNA encodes a different peptide of 312 @entity535 residues. Homology of deduced @entity535 sequences between @entity19790 and @entity19791 was 78.3%. We found all six combined peptide sequences of 222 @entity535 residues derived from purified @entity1573 heterophil @entity857 -ribosyltransferase (Mishima, K., Terashima, M., Obara, S., Yamada, K., Imai, K., and Shimoyama, M. (1991) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 110, 388-394) in the deduced @entity535 sequence of @entity19790 , with two @entity535 mismatches. @entity369 -specific @entity857 -ribosyltransferase activity was detected in culture medium of COS 7 cells transiently transfected with @entity19790 cDNA, while activity from the cells transfected with @entity19791 cDNA was found in both culture medium and cell lysate. @entity19790 transferase required @entity6514 for the activity. The activity was inhibited in the presence of @entity1219 while @entity19791 enzyme was activated by either agent. On zymographic in situ gel analysis, estimated molecular masses of the @entity19790 , @entity19791 and purified @entity1573 heterophil transferases were 32, 34, and 27.5 kDa, respectively. Northern blot analysis with specific probes to @entity19790 or @entity19791 cDNAs revealed about a 1.5-kilobase message in @entity1573 bone marrow cells but no signals were observed in heterophils, spleen, and liver of @entity1573 or @entity1 HL-60 cells. Highly conserved regions were observed among the deduced @entity535 sequences of @entity19790 , @entity19791 , @entity95 skeletal muscle transferase, and rodent T-cell surface antigen RT6s.

title: Cloning and expression of cDNA for XXXX -specific @entity857 -ribosyltransferase from @entity1573 bone marrow cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: @entity5 is a rare entity, with @entity2909 being the most common lesion. We present our experience with enucleation of @entity2910 using a minimally invasive approach. Between March 1998 and June 2008, seven @entity1 with @entity2910 underwent right thoracosopic enucleation (n=4) or laparoscopic transhiatal enucleation (n=3). A @entity2911 (n=2) or Toupet fundoplication (n=1) were added for laparoscopic procedure. The mean @entity5 size was 3.9 cm (range, 1.5-5.5 cm). @entity5 locations were upper (n=2), middle (n=1), and lower (n=4) thirds of the esophagus. No major morbidities including postoperative leakage or mortalities occurred. At a mean follow-up period of 60.1 months (range, 14-260 months), no evidence of recurrences were observed. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic transhiatal enucleation for @entity2910 is a safe and feasible procedure. The optimal approaches should be tailored based on the location and size of the @entity5 .

title: Minimally invasive surgical enucleation for XXXX : report of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Benign esophageal tumor', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyomas', 'esophageal leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since 1996, we have routinely used a minimally invasive sex-differentiated surgical approach for surgical repair of various simple congenital @entity299 , mostly including a right anterior minithoracotomy in female subjects and a midline ministernotomy in male subjects. METHODS: Between August 1996 and December 2004, all @entity1 who underwent a sex-differentiated surgical approach were included. Hospital results were compared with those of a group undergoing full sternotomy (control subjects). @entity1 ' clinical conditions and satisfaction at follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Three hundred eight @entity1 underwent the sex-differentiated surgical approach: (1) minithoracotomy in 147 (47.7%) and (2) ministernotomy in 161 (52.3%). Thirty @entity1 had a full sternotomy for @entity118 closure. The most common diagnosis was an @entity118 (231 [75%] @entity1 ). None of the @entity1 required an extension of the surgical access. There were neither major complications nor hospital deaths. All @entity1 were discharged home without residual defects. Median follow-up time was 71.5 months (range, 48.2-85.7 months). There were no late deaths. No scoliosis, asymmetric breast development, or lactation problems were reported in the minithoracotomy group. Twenty-five (17%) of 147 @entity1 with minithoracotomies complained of a trivial, persistent (<6 months), sensitive skin deficit in the mammary area, most often localized at the inferomedial quadrant. The vast majority of @entity1 (296 [96%] 308 @entity1 ) were in New York Heart Association class I, and 282 (91.5%) of 308 @entity1 were satisfied with the cosmetic result of the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The sex-differentiated surgical approach for simple @entity299 is a safe procedure, providing both excellent functional and cosmetic results. Anterolateral minithoracotomy is a valid and highly appreciated procedure in female @entity1 .

title: Minimally invasive operation for XXXX : a sex-differentiated approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Stromal cell-secreted chemokines including @entity2842 have been implicated in the @entity5 microenvironment, as mediators of @entity5 cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Expression of @entity2842 and its principal receptor @entity9172 was analyzed by RQ-PCR in @entity5 cells and @entity0 cell lines. @entity0 cell lines (MDA-MB-231, T47D) were co-cultured directly on a monolayer of primary @entity0 and normal stromal cells, retrieved using EpCAM+ magnetic beads, and changes in expression of @entity2842 , @entity9172 , @entity15976 , @entity15977 , @entity14388 , and Ki67 detected by RQ-PCR. Epithelial cell migration and proliferation in response to stromal cell-secreted factors was also analyzed. In vivo, @entity5 xenografts were formed by co-injecting T47D cells with @entity5 stromal cells. Following establishment, @entity5 were harvested and digested, epithelial cells retrieved and analyzed by RQ-PCR. Whole @entity5 tissue was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry for @entity2279 and the @entity14388 encoded protein @entity14388 . @entity5 stromal cells expressed significantly higher levels of @entity2842 than normal cells, with no @entity9172 expression detected. @entity0 cell lines expressed elevated @entity2842 , with relative expression of @entity9172 found to be higher than the ligand. Interaction of @entity0 epithelial cells with @entity5 , but not normal stromal cells, stimulated increased expression of @entity2842 (8-fold), @entity15977 (6-fold), @entity14388 (6-fold), and @entity15976 (17-fold). Factors secreted by stromal cells, including @entity2842 , stimulated a significant increase in epithelial cell migration, with no effect on cell proliferation in vitro observed. In vivo, the presence of stromal cells resulted in @entity5 of increased volume, mediated at least in part through neoangiogenesis demonstrated by immunohistochemistry ( @entity2279 ). Admixed @entity5 xenografts exhibited increased expression of Ki67, @entity15976 , @entity14388 , and @entity15977 . Elevated @entity14388 protein was also detected, with increased cytoplasmic localization. The results presented highlight mechanisms through which @entity0 epithelial cells can harness stromal cell biology to support @entity5 progression.

title: Influence of stromal-epithelial interactions on XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor', 'Primary epithelial cells and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the general population, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration is higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . However, target Hb levels in dialysis @entity1 are set constant regardless of the @entity1 's sex. The aim of this study was to evaluate Hb concentration and the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 taking gender and dialysis adequacy into account. METHODS: The study comprised two parts. The first was a cross-sectional analysis of Hb and ESA in 2180 prevalent @entity298 @entity1 . The second included 88 incident @entity298 @entity1 , followed for 36  months. During this time, the major parameters recorded at 12-month intervals included: Hb concentration, weekly ESA, total, renal, and peritoneal Kt/V. @entity1307 resistance index (ERI) was calculated as the ratio between ESA dose and achieved Hb. RESULTS: In prevalent @entity298 @entity1 , Hb concentration was significantly lower in @entity1 , (11.2      1.4 vs. 11.5      1.6  g/dl; p  <  0.001), despite higher doses of ESA (2691      1821 vs. 2344      1422; p  =  0.001). Hb concentrations were related to dialysis adequacy in both cohorts. However, despite significantly higher Kt/V, @entity1 were characterized by a lower Hb level. In incident @entity1 , this association was present throughout the observation period, while the ESA dose in @entity1 was significantly higher at every time point. In multiple regression analysis, gender was an independent determinant of ERI (b  =  0.34; p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite higher dialysis adequacy, Hb concentration in @entity1 treated with @entity298 is significantly lower, and the ability to correct it impaired, as compared to @entity1 .

title: Impact of gender and dialysis adequacy on anaemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: The aim of the work was to define quality criteria for presymptomatic genetic testing in minors at risk of @entity1823 / @entity1911 . A 3-step multidisciplinary procedure was developed: 1) preparatory consultations for parents, providing decision support and advice concerning the way of informing the @entity1 ; 2) consultation with the minor and blood sampling; and 3) announcement of the result of the genetic test to the minor and his/her parents. Twenty-three minors (mean age=9.22) were tested. The result was positive in 16 cases (presence of the familial mutation) and negative in 7. The 23 procedures were classified according to emotional reactions at the announcement of the result: calm (18/23) or tense (5/23). In parallel, 4 criteria for a good testing procedure was defined: 1) both parents agreeing to have their @entity1 tested when they felt ready; 2) parents being given advice concerning the way to inform their @entity1 ; 3) the most appropriate time for testing being discussed for each @entity1 ; and 4) avoidance of testing during medical examination periods for the carrier parent. The frequencies of the above criteria were as follows: 1 (17/23); 2 (19/23); 3 (17/23); and 4 (17/23). The overall quality of the testing procedure, calculated as the sum of the four criteria, differed significantly between calm and tense announcements (p<0.01). This study highlights the important role of careful preparation with the parents in emotional acceptance of the result of testing. The 4 criteria identified should be evaluated in further prospective studies.

title: Presymptomatic genetic testing in minors at risk of @entity1823 and XXXX : our experience of oncogenetic multidisciplinary consultation.

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytokines in breast milk may play crucial roles in the beneficial effects of breastfeeding in protecting against @entity56 and @entity166 in @entity1 . In particular, breast milk-borne @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) has an important potential role in developing the mucosal immune system in @entity1 . However, little is known about what factors influence @entity2533 expression in @entity1 milk. We investigated whether the behavioral and psychosocial characteristics of mothers affect breast milk @entity2533 levels. METHODS: We conducted a survey of all 139 mothers who were lactating between February and October 2010 in Koshu City, Japan. @entity1 completed a questionnaire and provided breast milk at the health checkups for their 3-month-old @entity1 (N = 129, 93%). Breast milk was assayed for total @entity6474 levels by ELISA. We took an exploratory approach based on linear and ordered logistic regressions to model @entity6474 concentrations with their multiple potential determinants. RESULTS: Mothers with @entity308 or poor self-rated health had higher @entity6474 concentrations than mothers without @entity308 (odds ratio for a higher @entity6474 quartile: 3.11, 95% confidence intervals: 1.03-9.37) or those reporting better health (odds ratio: 2.34, 1.21-4.55). Smoking, drinking @entity167 , probiotics supplementation, social support, and maternal history of @entity56 were not associated with milk @entity6474 levels. Milk gathered between August and October or later in the afternoon (3-4 pm vs. 12-2 pm) contained less @entity6474 . CONCLUSION: @entity308 , as the consequence of psychosocial stress, may be a strong determinant of @entity2533 levels in breast milk. Seasonal and daily fluctuations in milk @entity6474 concentrations warrant further study.

title: Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of XXXX in breast milk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMDB) indirectly reflects the action of @entity842 liberated by the endothelium. In @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ), the changes in @entity842 metabolism in close association with @entity32 , appear to play a leading role in the aetiopathology of this disease, although it is still not clear. The objective was to study the correlation and behavior of FMDB relative to the @entity439 ( @entity439 ). To evaluate the relationship between @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and the FMDB in these @entity1 . To study the correlation and behavior of FMDB relative to the @entity439 ( @entity439 ). To evaluate the relationship between @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and the FMDB in these @entity1 . METHODS: The FMDB value and the @entity1851 were determined in a total of 30 @entity1 with an @entity1028 > or =30 mm, confirmed by computed tomography. The cardiovascular and treatment history was recorded, together with the lipid and renal profile and leucocyte count. RESULTS: The median @entity439 in the sample was 43 mm (25 percentile: 37 mm; 75 percentile: 60 mm). The primary variables of the study, FMDB and @entity1851 , were the only ones that differed statistically when we stratified the sample according to @entity439 quartiles (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the FMDB and the @entity439 (R = -0.78 [p < 0.001]) and a positive one for @entity1851 (0.74 [p < 0.001]). The @entity1851 /FMDB gave an R value of -0.56 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Endothelium dependent vasodilation has a linear and negative correlation with the @entity439 . The positive correlation between the FMDB and @entity1851 supports the hypothesis that @entity32 and @entity409 are processes associated with the physiopathology of @entity1028 and vary with their growth.

title: Relationship between endothelial dependent vasodilation and size of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'aneurysm diameter']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the major causes of significant crop loss throughout the world is the myriad of environmental stresses including drought, salinity, cold, heavy metal @entity137 , and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) rays. Plants as sessile organisms have evolved various effective mechanism which enable them to withstand this plethora of stresses. Most of such regulatory mechanisms usually follow the @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-dependent pathway. In this review, we have primarily focussed on the basic @entity368 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) activated by the @entity2272 -mediated signalosome. Upon perception of @entity2272 by specialized receptors, the signal is transduced via various groups of Ser/Thr kinases, which phosphorylate the bZIP TFs. Following such post-translational modification of TFs, they are activated so that they bind to specific cis-acting sequences called @entity2271 -responsive elements (ABREs) or GC-rich coupling elements (CE), thereby influencing the expression of their target downstream genes. Several in silico techniques have been adopted so far to predict the structural features, recognize the regulatory modification sites, undergo phylogenetic analyses, and facilitate genome-wide survey of TF under multiple stresses. Current investigations on the epigenetic regulation that controls greater accessibility of the inducible regions of DNA of the target gene to the bZIP TFs exclusively under stress situations, along with the evolved stress memory responses via genomic imprinting mechanism, have been highlighted. The potentiality of overexpression of bZIP TFs, either in a homologous or in a heterologous background, in generating transgenic plants tolerant to various abiotic stressors have also been addressed by various groups. The present review will provide a coherent documentation on the functional characterization and regulation of bZIP TFs under multiple environmental stresses, with the major goal of generating multiple-stress-tolerant plant cultivars in near future.

title: XXXX -dependent basic @entity368 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors in plant abiotic stress.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic-acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['Abscisic-acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the long-term effect of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) ineligible for local therapy or surgery. METHODS: Forty-two @entity157 @entity1 with @entity5  <= 100 cc and ineligible for local ablation therapy or surgical resection were treated with SBRT: 30-39 Gy with a prescription isodose range of 70-85% (median 80%) was delivered daily in three fractions. Median @entity5 volume was 15.4 cc (3.0-81.8) and median follow-up duration 28.7 months (8.4-49.1). RESULTS: Complete response (CR) for the in-field lesion was initially achieved in 59.6% and partial response (PR) in 26.2% of @entity1 . Hepatic out-of-field progression occurred in 18 @entity1 (42.9%) and distant @entity3 developed in 12 (28.6%) @entity1 . Overall in-field CR and overall CR were achieved in 59.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Overall 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 92.9% and 58.6%, respectively. In-field progression-free survival at 1 and 3 years was 72.0% and 67.5%, respectively. @entity1 with smaller @entity5 had better in-field progression-free survival and overall survival rates (<32 cc vs. >= 32 cc, P < 0.05). No major @entity137 was encountered but one @entity1 died with extrahepatic @entity3 and radiation-induced @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: SBRT is a promising noninvasive-treatment for small @entity157 that is ineligible for local treatment or surgical resection.

title: Long-term effect of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary XXXX ineligible for local ablation therapy or surgical resection. Stereotactic radiotherapy for liver cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'primary small hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of a nurse-physician collaborative approach to care of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and to determine possible effect sizes for use in computing sample sizes for a larger study. Forty @entity1 from a family practice clinic with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. The control group received standard care, whereas the experimental group received standard care plus home visits from a nurse, as well as consultation with an exercise specialist and/or nutritionist. Follow-up continued for 3 months. Clinical end points included standard measures of @entity6 as well as quality-of-life indicators. Focus group interviews were used to explore @entity1 ' responses to the program. Although findings were not statistically significant, a trend toward small to moderate positive effect sizes was found in glycosylated hemoglobin and blood pressure. Quality of life measures also showed a trend toward small to moderate, but nonsignificant, improvements in physical functioning, bodily @entity158 , vitality, social and global functioning, energy, impact of @entity6 , and health distress. Focus group interviews indicated a very positive response from @entity1 , who expressed feelings of empowerment. In this study, @entity1 treated with nurse-physician collaboration demonstrated small, but nonsignificant, improvements in blood chemistry after only 3 months. Physical and social functioning, energy, and bodily @entity158 also showed a small improvement. Changes in awareness of effects of @entity6 on health and an expressed sense of self-efficacy suggest that effects could be sustainable over the longer term.

title: Promoting health in @entity164 2 XXXX : nurse-physician collaboration in primary care.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes activity', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In attempts to elucidate the factors determining individual differences in response of @entity5 to chemotherapeutic agents, the sensitivity of six @entity1 @entity320 growing in athymic, @entity19 was studied. Six agents, viz. @entity2699 , @entity11770 , @entity5713 , @entity4174 , as well as the toxic lectins abrin and ricin, were administered in maximum tolerable doses to the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The response to treatment was expressed as @entity5 growth delay, i.e. the number of volume double times saved by the treatment. The xenografts had very nearly retined the morphology of the parent @entity5 and were histologically similar. They showed different and characteristic early growth rates and also wide variations in their response to the agents tested. Unexpectedly, in the case of @entity2699 , CCNU and @entity4174 , the response of the xenografts proved to be inversely related to the early growth rates of the @entity5 . For @entity5713 , abrin and ricin, no correlation between response and growth rate of the @entity5 was apparent. @entity4174 had the best overall effect among the agents here tested. @entity2699 , CCNU and @entity5713 had somewhat less and about equal overall efficiency. The plant toxin abrin, which acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, was at least as effective as @entity2699 . When abrin was given together with @entity2699 , the effect on the two xenografts tested was superior to that of each agent given alone. The wide variations observed in the response of the histologically similar xenografts to the different agents demonstrate that testing of the chemosensitivity of @entity1 xenografts requires the use of a panel of @entity5 of each histological tpye. The clear relationship found between the early growth rate of the xenografts and their sensitivity to three of the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of @entity320 , may have clinical implications.

title: Response to chemotherapy of @entity1 , malignant @entity320 xenografts in athymic, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine', 'Procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: @entity130 (damage to cell structure and function arising from a sudden reduction in temperature) was for many years considered a phenomenon peculiar to certain cell-types. Only in recent years has it become apparent that widely different cell-types manifest @entity130 . Thus, @entity1457 appears to be a more general phenomenon, differences between cell-types being quantitative (in the rate of cooling and temperature range at which injury is sustained) rather than qualitative. Loss of particular cell functions depends on cell-type, but reflects the underlying structural and biochemical damage which has been inflicted by rapid cooling. In particular, membranes lose their selective permeability with the result that many cellular components are released including lipids, proteins and ions. Additionally, @entity1372 and @entity460 gain access to the interior of the cell. Consequent upon this initial disruption, metabolic activities are diminished and further secondary changes ensue. The possible mechanisms of @entity130 include membrane thermo-tropism and protein denaturation. Susceptibility to @entity1457 is influenced by membrane composition, and much experimental evidence points to particular involvement of membrane lipids. One hypothesis implicates lipid phase changes in a cooling rate dependent loss of membrane integrity. Other recent hypotheses invoke biophysical concepts and cytoarchitectural features as considerations in a better understanding of @entity1457 .

title: XXXX in animal cells.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock injury', 'Cold shock injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cold shock injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated fucoidans from brown marine algae have been shown to have a range of anti-inflammatory effects. PURPOSE: This present study tested a Maritech((R)) extract formulation, containing a blend of extracts from three different species of brown algae, plus nutrients in an open label combined phase I and II pilot scale study to determine both acute safety and efficacy in @entity626 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 12, five females [mean age, 62 +/- 11.06 years] and seven males [mean age, 57.14 +/- 9.20 years]) with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity626 were randomized to either 100 mg (n = 5) or 1000 mg (n = 7) of a Maritech((R)) extract formulation per day. The formulation contained Maritech((R)) seaweed extract containing Fucus vesiculosis (85% w/w), Macrocystis pyrifera (10% w/w) and @entity8470 (5% w/w) plus @entity2245 , @entity219 and @entity921 . Primary outcome was the average comprehensive @entity625 test (COAT) score which is comprised of four sub-scales: @entity158 , stiffness, difficulty with physical activity and overall symptom severity measured weekly. Safety measures included full blood count, serum lipids, liver function tests, @entity1133 , @entity1011 and electrolytes determined at baseline and week 12. All adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 completed 12 weeks and one completed 10 weeks of the study. Using a multilevel linear model, the average COAT score was reduced by 18% for the 100 mg treatment and 52% for the 1000 mg dose at the end of the study. There was a clear dose response effect seen between the two treatments (P </= 0.0005) on the average COAT score and each of the four COAT subscales ( @entity158 , stiffness, difficulty with physical activity and overall symptom severity) (P </= 0.05). The preparation was well tolerated and the few adverse events were unlikely to be related to the study medication. There were no changes in blood parameters measured over the course of the study with the exception of an increase in serum albumin which was not clinically significant. CONCLUSION: The seaweed extract nutrient complex when taken orally over twelve weeks decreased the symptoms of @entity571 in a dose-dependent manner. It was demonstrated to be safe to use over the study period at the doses tested. The efficacy of the preparation now needs to be demonstrated in a phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT). AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTER: ACTRN12607000229471.

title: A combined phase I and II open label study on the effects of a seaweed extract nutrient complex on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity8470 :: ('88149', 'Species') :: ['Laminaria japonica']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ' low adherence to @entity507 -based combination therapy has been reported in areas of Kenya bordering the Lake Victoria region, where the burden of @entity311 remains high. A randomized controlled trial is underway to determine the efficacy of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text reminders on adherence to @entity15280 - @entity15281 and post-treatment review of @entity1 under the age of five. This paper reports on the iterative process of intervention and delivery system development. METHODS: An intervention development workshop involving the research team and other stakeholders was held to determine the content of the text messages. Three focus group discussions were conducted to test caregivers' understanding of the messages developed during the workshop. The tested messages were refined and incorporated into an automated @entity851 distribution system and piloted with 20 caregivers drawn from facilities neighbouring the study sites. The automated @entity851 distribution system was repeatedly refined following the pilot and implemented at the start of the trial. RESULTS: The content of @entity851 messages underwent major revisions following the focus group discussions. Technical terms and abbreviations were replaced with simplified general terms. Message sign-off was modified to reflect the name of health facility, removing references to health workers. Day 3 post-treatment review visit reminder was modified to state the purpose of the visit while wording 'day 28' was added to the last post-treatment review visit reminder to help the caregiver recall the appointment date. The unscheduled visit prompt was modified to reflect flexibility and practicality of taking the @entity1 back to the facility if unwell. Reception of @entity851 reminders during the pilot was low with only 169/240 (70%) of scheduled messages delivered to the caregivers. The automated distribution system underwent major refinement and repeated testing following the pilot until effective delivery of all scheduled messages was achieved and sustained over a period of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Text message interventions should be carefully developed, tested and refined before implementation to ensure they are written in the most appropriate way for their target population. @entity851 distribution systems should be rigorously tested to ensure efficient delivery of the messages before they are deployed.

title: Development of a text-messaging intervention to improve treatment adherence and post-treatment review of @entity1 with uncomplicated XXXX in western Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity15281 :: ('MESH:C102070', 'Chemical') :: ['lumefantrine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity15280 :: ('MESH:C032942', 'Chemical') :: ['artemether']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity418 is a highly @entity5 in which progression is observed in most @entity1 even at the first medical examination. Neoadjuvant cytoreduction treatments are frequently used for the purpose of @entity5 down-staging, increasing the resection rate, and possibly improving survival. Although combination therapy with radiation and anticancer agents is available, no satisfactory treatment regimen has yet been established due to the development of resistance. Based on the concepts of @entity74 in @entity105 , @entity5 gene therapy has been developing rapidly. We previously reported the growth inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated wild-type @entity876 gene transfer into @entity1721 cell lines. After extensive preclinical study of @entity876 gene therapy in vitro and in vivo, we are conducting a phase I/II clinical trial. The target of this trial is @entity1 with unresectable @entity418 resistant to chemoradiotherapy. As of December 1, 2001, 8 candidates had been admitted to our hospital. After extensive examination, 4 @entity1 were enrolled in this trial. After giving informed consent, the first @entity1 received injections of @entity11650 @entity2834 - @entity876 on December 19, 2000. No serious adverse events have occurred so far in these @entity1 , and the trial has been conducted safely.

title: [Gene therapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The principal conclusions of the report are as follows. Cardiology continues to change rapidly. In the five years since the issue of the Second Report of the Joint Cardiology Committee in 1980 the specialty has been affected principally by the increase in coronary artery surgery and the increasing importance of non-invasive techniques of diagnosis, particularly echocardiography. The burden of @entity299 in Britain shows some decline recently, but this falls short of that which has occurred in other countries. The vital role of the initial assessment of @entity1 to ensure the efficient use of limited resources falls upon physicians and paediatricians in district general hospitals. Each district general hospital should have at least one physician, practising general medicine but having a special expertise and training in cardiology. He should undertake echocardiography, stress testing, ambulatory monitoring, emergency pacing, rehabilitation, and cardiac intensive care, with the necessary facilities and staff. He will also play an important part in the follow up of @entity1 assessed and treated at cardiac centres. Paediatricians should continue to evaluate @entity1 with @entity299 and their training should include periods at cardiac centres. Cardiac centres currently undertaking invasive investigations and cardiac surgery need to expand to cope with demand. A target figure of 750-1000 coronary artery bypass operations annually is suggested. This implies three or four surgeons and six cardiologists per centre. Other staffing should be based on these figures. Smaller centres are not necessarily non-viable but should be encouraged to expand or merge. Funding should be clarified so that regional contributions to regional services are identified and not lost in district budgets. Expensive capital equipment should be regionally funded whether sited in cardiac centres of district general hospitals. (7) Supraregional centres for the cardiac problems of @entity1 under the age of one year have been identified ans should receive supraregional funding. Their staffing and equipment should be appropriate to the exceptional demands of this work. If such a centre is sited within an existing cardiac centre the staff will be additional to those needed for the adult work. Facilities for older @entity1 should continue to be provided, as at present, at all cardiac centres. (8) Cardiac transplantation should be funded supraregionally. (9) The medical audit of cardiac work should be supported by the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). (10) Research remains a high priority, and cardiac centres should be provided with the facilities, and staff with the contracts and time, to undertake it. (11) A revision of this report is recommended within five years.

title: Provision of services for the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in England and Wales. Third report of a Joint Cardiology Committee. Royal College of Physicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine a superior thrombolytic regimen from three: anistreplase (APSAC), front-loaded recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or combination thrombolytic therapy. BACKGROUND: Although thrombolytic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity after @entity583 , it has not been clear whether more aggressive thrombolytic-antithrombotic regimens could improve the outcome achieved with standard regimens. METHODS: To address this issue, 382 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion (along with intravenous heparin and @entity117 ) APSAC, front-loaded rt-PA or a combination of both agents. The primary end point "unsatisfactory outcome" was a composite clinical end point assessed through hospital discharge. RESULTS: Patency of the @entity1188 (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] grade 2 or 3 flow) at 60 min after the start of thrombolysis was significantly higher in rt-PA-treated @entity1 (77.8% vs. 59.5% for APSAC-treated @entity1 and 59.3% for combination-treated @entity1 [rt-PA vs. APSAC, p = 0.02; rt-PA vs. combination, p = 0.03]). At 90 min, the incidence of both @entity1188 patency and TIMI grade 3 flow was significantly higher in rt-PA-treated @entity1 (60.2% had TIMI grade 3 flow vs. 42.9% and 44.8% of APSAC- and combination-treated @entity1 , respectively [rt-PA vs. APSAC, p < 0.01; rt-PA vs. combination, p = 0.02]). The incidence of unsatisfactory outcome was 41.3% for rt-PA compared with 49% for APSAC and 53.6% for the combination (rt-PA vs. APSAC, p = 0.19; rt-PA vs. combination, p = 0.06). The mortality rate at 6 weeks was lowest in the rt-PA-treated @entity1 (2.2% vs. 8.8% for APSAC and 7.2% for combination thrombolytic therapy [rt-PA vs. APSAC, p = 0.02; rt-PA vs. combination, p = 0.06]). CONCLUSIONS: Front-loaded rt-PA achieved significantly higher rates of early reperfusion and was associated with trends toward better overall clinical benefit and survival than those achieved with a standard thrombolytic agent or combination thrombolytic therapy. These findings support the concept that more rapid reperfusion of the @entity1188 is associated with improved clinical outcome.

title: Comparison of front-loaded recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, anistreplase and combination thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 : results of the Thrombolysis in XXXX (TIMI) 4 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether maxillary sinus puncture caused an alteration in antibiotic treatment and thus affected the outcome of @entity1244 in the intensive care unit. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was done of cases of maxillary sinus puncture between 1991 and 1994. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were identified. All @entity1 had findings suggestive of @entity1244 on @entity50 or CT scans of the sinuses. Twenty-five punctures (60%) recovered pus, of which 80% grew organisms. Fourteen @entity1 (33%) had a negative lavage, and 12% of these samples grew organisms (p = 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of the cultures identified a single organism compared with 32% with multiple organisms. Gram-negative organisms were found most commonly, followed by anaerobes. In 57% of the cases antibiotic therapy was changed. In 77% of the cases the change was directed by the culture result and in 35% the therapy was changed despite a negative culture result (p = 0.002). Resolution of symptoms occurred in 83% of @entity1 who had antibiotics changed whereas with no change in antibiotics only 42% had resolution (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: A sinus puncture seems to be helpful in @entity1 with @entity221 and positive findings on sinus films. If pus is obtained by maxillary puncture, a positive culture may be found in 80% of the cases. Changes in antibiotic regimen on the basis of culture findings seem to give a better outcome.

title: Role of antral puncture in the treatment of XXXX in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['plain sinus films']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: In 19 @entity1 with @entity4753 , marrow production of neutrophils and neutrophil distribution were studied. Despite accelerated marrow release and disappearance of mature blood neutrophils, there was little or no increase in the marrow mitotic pool or in vitro progenitor cells. Only two @entity1 had an increase in marrow neutrophils and precursors. Antineutrophil antibody was detected in seven of nine @entity1 studied. Neither abnormal margination of blood neutrophils nor impaired marrow release of cells was detected. Skin exudate cellularity tended to correspond to prior history of @entity281 , asymptomatic @entity1 having more cellular exudates. Sustained neutrophil increments were observed in six of 10 @entity1 following splenectomy, but in no @entity1 did neutrophil kinetics return completely to normal. Three of four @entity1 who failed to respond to splenectomy with sustained increments in blood neutrophils had a reduced mass of marrow neutrophils and neutrophil precursors when studied prior to splenectomy. No diminution in @entity1398 was observed in any of five @entity1 treated with @entity3486 . This study indicates that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1398 in @entity4753 . In particular, @entity1398 was associated with inadequate marrow granulocytopoiesis. The severity of the impairment, as determined by the mass of marrow neutrophils and precursor cells, may be useful in predicting response to splenectomy.

title: Neutrophil kinetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4753 :: ('MESH:D005258', 'Disease') :: ["Felty's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity4753 :: (MESH:D005258,Disease) :: ['Felty's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify pathologic lesions of the kidney found incidentally during the workup of a blunt @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 103 @entity1 ages 0 to 18 years with blunt @entity8 admitted to a level 1 pediatric @entity130 center between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1999 was performed. All @entity1 underwent ultrasonography and Doppler of their renal vessels. Additional investigations with computed tomography (CT) scan, cystography, or nuclear medicine functional studies were performed as indicated. RESULTS: Coexisting @entity6982 were identified in 13 of 103 (12.6%) @entity1 reviewed, and 7 (54%) required surgical treatment. The majority of the @entity1 (9 of 13, 69%) suffered minimal @entity130 . All @entity1 presented with gross @entity811 as their main symptom. @entity530 was the most frequent diagnosis (n = 7): 3 @entity1 required uretero-pyeloplasty, and 3 required nephrectomy. Two heterogeneous renal masses were discovered in which the diagnosis of a malignant process could not be eliminated; elective resection and open biopsy were performed. The diagnoses of @entity8 and solitary cyst with complex @entity1410 , respectively, were confirmed on pathology. Grade III ureterovesical reflux with @entity2885 (n = 1), @entity8767 (n = 1), @entity530 without @entity3885 (n = 1), and horseshoe kidney (n = 1) were the other lesions discovered. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic lesions of the urinary tract are uncommon; however, they may complicate an otherwise negligible @entity8 . The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to blunt @entity8 must be modified in these cases. A high index of suspicion must be maintained when a @entity1 presents with gross @entity811 with a minimal force blunt @entity1661 .

title: Blunt XXXX in disguise?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic kidney', 'renal injuries', 'renal trauma']

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis of the uretero-pelvic junction', 'extrarenal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal trauma-blessing']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The minilaparotomy approach is feasible for the resection of @entity694 . This study aimed to compare the clinical and oncological outcomes of minilaparotomy and laparoscopic approaches in @entity1 with @entity694 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive @entity1 undergoing minilaparotomy or laparoscopic resection for @entity694 from January 2009 to December 2014. RESULTS: There were 376 @entity1 with @entity694 . Seventy-one @entity1 were excluded. The remaining 305 @entity1 were allocated to the minilaparotomy (n  =  146) group or laparoscopic group (n  =  159). The demographic data of the two groups was similar except for body mass index. The time to first bowel movement (P  =  0.000) and the hospital stay (P  =  0.005) were less in the laparoscopic group. Compared with the minilaparotomy group, the mean operation time was longer and the costs higher for laparoscopic group (P  =  0.000). The morbidity, mortality, and local recurrence were comparable between the two groups. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were also similar (overall survival is 75.3 vs. 72.9%, P  =  0.648; disease-free survival is 66.2 vs. 70.2%, P  =  0.914). CONCLUSION: The minilaparotomy approach was safe and equivalent to laparoscopic approach for @entity1 with @entity694 . It is an alternative to the laparoscopic approach in selected @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Laparoscopic-Assisted and Minilaparotomy Approaches for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: Irradiated @entity135 survivors treated in the Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, spontaneously reported improvement of radiation-induced @entity2133 feeling. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate salivary flow rate and @entity2133 before and after HBO in irradiated @entity135 @entity1 . Eighty @entity1 eligible for HBO treatment on the indication of prevention/treatment of @entity7190 or soft tissue radiation injury were consecutively sampled, of whom 45 had @entity2133 (i.e. @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) flow rate <0.1ml/min), and 69 complained of @entity2133 . @entity15531 and @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) were collected prior to and after 30 sessions of hyperbaric @entity26 treatment over 6weeks. @entity2133 was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Each HBO session involved compression to 243kPa (2.4 ATA) for 90min while breathing 100% @entity26 from a facemask or hood. There was a significant decrease in @entity2133 (p<0.001) and slight increase in @entity15531 (p<0.001) and @entity15531 (p<0.001) flow rate, from before HBO as compared to after. Twenty-five of 45 @entity1 with @entity2133 achieved an increased @entity15531 flow rate after HBO. In 12 of these, the flow rates increased to levels not associated with @entity2133 . @entity1 -assessed improvement of @entity2133 and slightly increased @entity15531 and @entity15531 secretion after HBO treatment suggest that HBO may have a beneficial effect on radiation-induced @entity16 .

title: Does hyperbaric XXXX treatment have the potential to increase salivary flow rate and reduce @entity2133 in previously irradiated @entity135 @entity1 ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'hyposalivation', 'xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland damage']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'unstimulated whole saliva', 'UWS', 'stimulated whole saliva']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Adult Swiss albino @entity19 were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 (6) Ehrlich ascites @entity189 cells. Twenty-four hours later they were given an i.p. injection of 10-60 mg/kg of @entity12900 (WA), isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera. The @entity5 growth and @entity5 free animal survival were studied for up to 120 days. In another experiment 30 mg/kg WA was injected i.p. to @entity19 at 1, 3 or 5 days after @entity5 cell injection with or without acute abdominal exposure to 7.5 Gy gamma radiation and the @entity5 growth and 120-day survival were studied. WA inhibited @entity5 growth and @entity5 free survival in a dose-dependent manner. The drug ED50 for 120-day survival was approximately 30 mg/kg body wt. Drug treatment before irradiation synergistically increased 120-day even in advanced @entity5 . A dose of 30 mg/kg seems to be optimum for combination with radiation.

title: In vivo growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects of @entity12900 on @entity19 Ehrlich ascites XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12900 :: ('MESH:C009684', 'Chemical') :: ['withaferin A']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The distribution of anionic (negatively charged) groups on the surface of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and discarded rod outer segments ( @entity8643 ) was studied by labeling these groups with @entity8644 ( @entity8644 ) at different pH values. In normal neonatal @entity35 , characteristic @entity8644 binding patterns were observed on the RPE cell surface at pH values ranging from 1.8-7.2. Similar distributions were seen on the surface of RPE cells from RCS- @entity7956 with @entity2000 . Treatment of RPE cells from normal neonates with several different degradative enzyme preparations prior to @entity8644 labeling, did not alter the density or distribution of @entity8644 molecules at any of the pH values tested. In normal adult @entity35 , @entity8644 binding to RPE cells was essentially similar to that observed in neonates. In @entity1358 cells, heavy @entity8644 labeling at pH 1.8 was seen on the surface of the inner and outer segments and connecting cilium. @entity8644 labeling patterns on discarded R0S undergoing phagocytosis were similar to those on RPE cells at all pH values except pH 5.5. The findings indicate that anionic sites are present on the surface of RPE and @entity1358 cells and on discarded R0S undergoing phagocytosis. There is no evidence that such sites are involved in the phagocytic defect characteristic of RCS- @entity7956 . Adult-like patterns of anionic sites on RPE cells appear early in postnatal development; their resistance to a wide range of degradative enzymes suggests that the @entity3363 or proteins containing these anionic moieties are organized in a complex fashion in the RPE cell surface.

title: Distribution of anionic sites on the surface of retinal pigment epithelial and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['inherited retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['rod photoreceptor cells', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity8644 :: ('MESH:C548080', 'Disease') :: ['cationic ferritin', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity8643 :: ('p|SUB|R|0|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R0S']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['rod photoreceptor cells']


abstract: This paper focused on the experience of the authors in providing nursing care to a @entity1 with @entity1279 who sought psychiatric assistance upon her first episode. The nursing period spanned a period from April 21, 2008 to June 16, 2008. After primary diagnosis, relevant data was collected by observation, interview, and a review of medical records. The @entity1 's disease was assessed from five dimensions. Care problems faced for this @entity1 included: altered nutrition profile, abnormal eating patterns, ineffective individual coping, and body image disturbance. The authors adopted a three-stage nursing intervention based on cognitive behavior theory (CBT). First, a caring attitude was employed to establish a good nurse- @entity1 relationship, after which the @entity1 was instructed to maintain a diet diary, which could be used to help identify the underlying causes of her @entity1279 . Secondly, we assisted the @entity1 to express her emotions and feelings in order to help her disentangle herself from unhealthy perceptions regarding body image and weight. Thirdly, we assisted the @entity1 to develop critical problem-solving abilities and coping skills that would help avoid symptom recurrence. We followed up on @entity1 progress by telephone for one month after treatment. The treatment had successfully stabilized her emotions and @entity1279 did not recur. Her body weight was kept within a satisfactory range. Furthermore, she applied cognitive behavior skills in daily life continuously, and she did exercise and kept company with an individual who helped reinforce appropriate behavior. It is hoped that this report can help nurses better understand @entity1279 and be used as a reference in clinical care.

title: [Treating XXXX : a nurse's experience using cognitive behavior therapy].

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa condition', 'bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: Predation and competition can induce important density- and trait-mediated effects on species, with implications for community stability. However, interactions of these factors with @entity4801 remain understudied. Here we investigate interactions among competition, predation and @entity4801 by crossing tadpole density (Bufo americanus), presence of a caged predator (Notophthalmus viridescens), and Echinostoma trivolvis trematodes, experimentally partitioning their effects on tadpole exposure and susceptibility to @entity281 . Predation did not affect E. trivolvis @entity281 but accelerated tadpole development and growth, and decreased activity. The presence of E. trivolvis caused the opposite effects on these three responses and reduced tadpole survival. High conspecific density reduced tadpole survival, growth, and development, and increased tadpole activity. Effects of predation and @entity4801 on activity were only evident at low tadpole density. High-density mesocosms also had twice the number of E. trivolvis infections as low-density mesocosms, despite a lack of evidence for stress-induced immunomodulation. Instead, this effect was explained by high density delaying tadpole development, which increased both the duration of exposure to cercariae and susceptibility to @entity281 , because tadpoles spent more time in highly susceptible early stages. These results highlight the importance of accounting for trait-mediated effects, host plasticity, and exposure vs. susceptibility in parasite ecology.

title: XXXX in a community context: trait-mediated interactions with competition and predation.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4801 :: (MESH:D010272,Disease) :: ['Parasitism']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with widely metastatic @entity320 were studied. Visceral metastases were present in 79% of the @entity1 group, including five @entity1 with brain metastases. No @entity1 were excluded because of "early @entity204 ," etc., from analysis. All 43 @entity1 received 24-hour DTIC infusions. Dosages for individual @entity1 ranged from 350 mg/M2 to 2.5 g/M2, a maximum of 6 courses being given. A total of 155 courses was administered. Hemibody irradiation (HBI) was delivered after 1 or 3 courses of DTIC to the area of maximum disease in 23 @entity1 . Fourteen of the 43 @entity1 responded to @entity2699 chemotherapy (with one complete response), a response rate of 33%. Seven of the chemotherapy responders also responded in other sites to subsequent HBI, a response rate of 30% (7/23). No @entity1 responded to HBI and not to DTIC. Median survival was 4 months (range, 1-15), and nine @entity1 are still alive at 3 to 15 months. @entity137 was generally mild, although there was one possible treatment-related @entity204 . Further exploration of DTIC infusion chemotherapy and HBI would be of interest.

title: Treatment of metastatic XXXX by 24-hour DTIC infusions and hemibody irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity715 of the axillary and subclavian @entity1211 in young, healthy adults (effort @entity715 or @entity14385 ) is a rare but potentially disabling affliction. The diagnosis should be suspected in any young @entity1 presenting with unilateral arm swelling. Typically, the dominant arm is affected, and frequent, repetitive arm use is a common component of the @entity1 ' history. Although the diagnosis can often be confirmed with a venous duplex evaluation, the central location of the @entity66 occasionally mandates cross-sectional imaging or contrast venography to confirm the diagnosis. The underlying pathophysiology of this disorder is felt to be repetitive @entity1211 owing to arm motion in the narrow anatomic space between the clavicle and first rib. The treatment of @entity14385 is controversial and varies according to individual, institutional, and regional preferences. In general, the trend is toward more aggressive endovascular treatment. Prompt anticoagulation is generally accepted as the minimal treatment offered. Catheter-directed thrombolysis has also acquired a prominent role in reestablishing venous patency. The importance of relieving the anatomic compression of the subclavian vein by first rib resection remains controversial, with some experts advocating surgical intervention in all affected @entity1 , whereas others perform this procedure selectively in cases of persistent @entity1211 or ongoing symptoms. Angioplasty with or without stenting is generally discouraged in the absence of anatomic decompression but may play an adjunctive role in @entity1 undergoing first rib resection.

title: Endovascular management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous abnormality']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous segments', 'venous trauma', 'venous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']

answer: @entity14385 :: (MESH:D056824,Disease) :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']