abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm the existence of the proposed three-core symptom domains in @entity933 by analyzing a dataset of nondemented adults using selected core symptoms as measured by the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R98) scale. METHODS: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) of proposed @entity933 core symptoms were conducted in a pooled international dataset of 592 delirious and nondelirious @entity1 using DSM-IV criteria from 14 studies with comparable methodologies. Using DRS-R98 categorization, 445 had either @entity933 and comprised the @entity933 group. The dataset was divided into three independent random subsamples to perform a stepwise analysis. First we performed EFA in 100 cases to delineate latent factor loadings of DRS-R98 items selected to represent the three-core domains (circadian, higher level thinking, and cognitive). These items were then assessed using @entity3795 -modeling (n = 246) followed by a @entity3795 -validation (n = 246). Reliability and goodness of fit of these two @entity3795 were assessed statistically. RESULTS: DRS-R98 items representing the proposed @entity933 core symptoms loaded onto one factor in the EFA, supporting their core nature. The two @entity3795 confirmed the nature of this core factor as comprising three core domains where DRS-R98 items each loaded with high values (>0.7) onto their corresponding core domain (circadian, higher level thinking, and cognitive) with good fit and reliability. Attention was DRS-R98 item with the highest loading in @entity3795 , followed by thought process, and then by sleep-wake cycle and motor behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity18638 and @entity3795 confirm and validate the proposed three-core domains of @entity933 , where symptoms were highly related to the domain that they were hypothesized to represent. These domains are consistent with @entity933 being a state of @entity1662 , and should be considered necessary to assess whether in clinical or research settings.

title: Three core domains of XXXX validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['subsyndromal or full delirium', 'delirium']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: An increasingly important approach to the management of @entity1 with severe @entity1569 is the concurrent use of two systemic treatments. Previous guidelines have advised against the use of @entity1499 and @entity205 in combination. We report the successful use of a combination of @entity1499 and @entity205 in the treatment of 19 @entity1 with severe, recalcitrant @entity1569 , 15 of whom had @entity5144 . Most @entity1 had previously received two or more systemic treatments. Before combination treatment was started nine of the @entity1 were taking @entity1499 and 10 were taking @entity205 at the maximum tolerated doses. The duration of combination treatment was bimodally distributed, with seven @entity1 having short-term treatment (mean +/- SD duration 18. 9 +/- 15.7 weeks) and 12 @entity1 having long-term treatment (mean +/- SD duration 193.2 +/- 160.6 weeks). Those @entity1 who received short-term treatment did not develop any evidence of @entity137 from either agent. Of those @entity1 on long-term treatment, three developed mild @entity8 that returned to normal following a reduction in dose of @entity205 , and three had @entity8 (following long-term @entity205 monotherapy) that improved, but did not normalize, following a reduction in dose of @entity205 . In each case, combination treatment for @entity1569 resulted in good control of both @entity272 using lower doses of each agent than would have been used for monotherapy. We conclude that the combination of @entity1499 and @entity205 is an effective treatment for this group of @entity1 .

title: Combination treatment with @entity1499 and XXXX for severe recalcitrant @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin and joint problems']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: 1. Six monoclonal antibodies specific to the @entity2388 kinase from the foot muscle of the common limpet P. caerulea were produced. 2. They also exhibited specificity against the @entity19 liver where the L-type isoenzyme of @entity2388 kinase is present. They did not react with the @entity19 skeletal muscle, heart or red blood cells isoenzymes of @entity2388 kinase (PK). One of these, the monoclonal antibody B did not react with any PK isoenzymes of the @entity19 tissues. 3. The presence of the isoenzymic type of PK which was recognized by the monoclonals, (type L), was traced in five phyla of marine invertebrates by the application of the monoclonal antibodies A, B and C. 4. In two phyla the majority of the animals were found to possess an L-type PK isoenzyme in their muscles while in quite a few of them a different isoenzymic type was present in the other tissues. The results of this study are compared with the existing literature, and the use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of enzymic systems is considered in the discussion.

title: XXXX kinase isoenzymes in marine invertebrates: a comparative study by the use of monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['Pyruvate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the indication of routine transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy (TRUSBx) of the prostate gland following incidental @entity5 diagnosis after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-institutional search identified 63 @entity1 with incidental TURP-diagnosed @entity263 from 2001 to 2010, who underwent subsequent TRUSBx or radical prostatectomy (RP). The Gleason scores from TURP were compared to those from TRUSBx or RP. Whole mount maps from RP were analysed to provide an anatomical basis for the correlation observed. To determine the clinical impact of this problem, the incidence of TURP-diagnosed @entity263 in the population was also determined. RESULTS: Of 22 @entity1 who underwent TRUSBx, the rates of Gleason score concordance, upgrading and downgrading were 32, 14 and 54% respectively (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.20). Most cases of pathological downgrading consisted of benign cores at biopsy. Therefore, TRUSBx did not give additional Gleason score (GS) information in 86% of @entity1 . Of 41 RP @entity1 , the respective rates were 61, 22 and 17% (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.15). The majority of them retained a similar or lower GS between TURP and RP. Of 13 whole mount maps analysed, 6 (46%) were found with anterior/transitional zone (AZ/TZ) @entity5 , 6 (46%) with multifocal @entity5 and 1 (8%) with a large peripheral zone (PZ) @entity5 extending into the TZ. Regional population data show that despite a gradual reduction in the proportion of TURP-diagnosed cases over the past decade, they still account for 8.5-13% of all new cases. CONCLUSION: TURP-diagnosed @entity263 represent @entity5 . A TRUSBx does not give additional GS information in a majority of cases, and therefore is not routinely indicated. It may be selectively useful prior to active surveillance, but not in all pursuing radical treatment. These findings may help reduce unnecessary TRUSBx in the population.

title: Are transrectal prostate biopsies routinely indicated in XXXX with incidentally diagnosed @entity263 following transurethral resection of the prostate for benign disease?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'predominantly AZ tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There is evidence for @entity132 in @entity161 . In @entity35 , a neonatal basolateral amygdala lesion induces behavioural features in adults reminiscent of the symptomatology of @entity161 . @entity935 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity161 , and cannabis use has been implicated in the risk for developing @entity161 . The effects of an excitotoxic, bilateral basolateral amygdala lesion on postnatal days 7 or 21 were compared when the @entity35 were adult. The behavioural response to a novelty challenge and the level of @entity935 receptors and cannabinoid receptors in the brain using in-vitro autoradiography was determined. In brain tissue punches concentrations of @entity1154 and metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The neonatal lesion, but not the @entity75 induced behavioural @entity2915 and biochemical effects. The neonatal lesion reduced the density of @entity935 D2-like, but not D3-, and less markely D1-like receptors and increased @entity935 turnover. These effects were observed in the mesolimbic, but not in the striatal regions. In contrast, density of cannabinoid receptors was increased in the striatal, but not the mesolimbic regions of these animals. Noradrenergic neurotransmission was reduced in both regions. The present findings contribute to the idea that the neonatal basolateral amygdala lesion induces features in adults reminiscent of the @entity245 in @entity161 , with a focus on the amygdala-prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens circuit.

title: Neonatal basolateral amygdala lesions affect XXXX and cannabinoid brain systems in adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopment disturbances']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['later lesion']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe three new species of @entity1503 (Aporocotylidae) and propose their classification within the genus Psettarium Goto _ Ozaki, 1929. All three species were collected from the circulatory systems of pufferfishes caught off Bali, central Indonesia. Psettarium pulchellum @entity8891 . was found in the gills of both the @entity48258 ( @entity48258 de Proc  ) and the @entity48259 ( @entity48259 Regan), while Papillacarus ogawai @entity8891 . and P. jimbaranensis @entity8891 . were found in the gills of the reticulated puffer (Arothron reticularis Bloch _ Schneider). The morphological characteristics of these taxa necessitated emendation of the diagnosis for the genus Psettarium, to accommodate the presence of an oral sucker, multiple or entirely post-caecal testes and a degenerate posterior testis. Features such as proportion of body length occupied by the oesophagus, and posterior caeca being >= 7* the length of anterior caeca, are no longer regarded as useful genus-level characters. Additionally, Sasala nolani is reassigned to this genus as Psettarium nolani n. comb. In phylogenetic analyses of the 28S and ITS2 rDNA regions, all three new taxa form a well-supported clade, together with Psettarium sinense and Psettarium nolani n. comb., the two other species of tetraodontid-infecting aporocotylids for which comparative rDNA data were available. The short branch lengths within this clade, despite dramatic morphological differences between the five species, suggest that rapid morphological diversification has occurred among the tetraodontid-infecting aporocotylids. The genus Psettarium has long been considered problematic. Further commentary is given on the history of this genus and how the issues presented might be resolved.

title: Three new species of XXXX (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infecting pufferfishes (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) from off Bali, Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood flukes']

entities_list: @entity48258 :: ('300222', 'Species') :: ['Arothron manilensis', 'narrow-lined puffer']

entities_list: @entity48259 :: ('862805', 'Species') :: ['Tylerius spinosissimus', 'spiny blaasop']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood flukes']


abstract: To evaluate the existing evidence regarding treatment regimens for @entity3069 complex (MAC), a systematic review of the available therapeutic studies was conducted to assess treatment outcomes. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess treatment outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted by separating studies based on each characteristic independently. Twenty-eight trials met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed that the estimated pooled treatment success rate for @entity1 with MAC disease was 39 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 38-41 %]. The rates of failure, relapse, @entity204 , and default were 27 % (95 % CI 25-29 %), 6 % (95 % CI 5-7 %), 17 % (95 % CI 15-18 %), and 12 % (95 % CI 11-13 %), respectively. The proportion of @entity1 treated successfully did not differ significantly on the basis of the study characteristics. However, studies with treatment regimens containing macrolides had significantly higher pooled success proportions (42 %, 95 % CI 40-44 %) than that of other studies (28 %, 95 % CI 24-32 %). Substantial heterogeneity in the study characteristics prevented more conclusive determination of what factors had the greatest effect on the proportion of @entity1 that achieve treatment success and limited the validity of this analysis. This review underscored the importance of strong @entity1 support and treatment follow-up systems to develop successful MAC treatment programs.

title: Treatment outcomes for XXXX complex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of Cefepime (CFPM), a new cephem antibiotics, in chronic @entity1729 were evaluated in a comparative study against @entity5505 ( @entity8353 ). Each drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 1.0 g (nominal potency), twice daily for 14 days, and the following results were obtained: 1. A total of 170 cases were enrolled in this study. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) as evaluated by the subcommittee were 86.2% (56/65) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the @entity8353 group, with no significant difference between the two groups. 2. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) as evaluated by attending physicians were 83.3% (55/66) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the @entity8353 group with no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Bacteriologically, eradication rates were 83.3% (40/48) in the CFPM group and 88.2% (45/51) in the @entity8353 group, with no significant difference between the two groups. 4. Side effects occurred in none of the @entity1 in the @entity8353 group and in 4 of the 66 @entity1 in the CFPM group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (Fisher's test p = 0.0489). The incidence of abnormal laboratory findings were 17.6% (12/68) in the CFPM group and 21.1% (16/76) in the @entity8353 group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. 5. The utility rates evaluated by the subcommittee were 81.8% (54/66) in the CFPM group and 84.5% (60/71) in the @entity8353 group with no significant difference between the two groups. Only in the incidence of side effects, there was a significant difference between the two groups (Fisher's test p = 0.0489), but there was no significant difference in other items of efficacy, safety and usefulness between the two groups. These results indicate that CFPM is useful for the treatment of chronic @entity1729 .

title: [A comparative study of cefepime for chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: Telomerase plays an important role in the maintenance of telomere ends in normal and @entity5 cells and ectopic expression can immortalize @entity1 bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. We assessed telomerase activation, growth properties and methylation status in the @entity2215 promoter in a panel of HBE cell cultures in relation to smoking and previous @entity2 history. HBE cells were obtained from a total of 26 subjects, six of whom were lifelong non-smokers, while 20 subjects had a smoking history, including seven who had @entity2 . Telomerase activity was determined using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Maximum passage number and time to senescence were also determined through extended culturing. The distribution of the telomerase activity between ever-smokers and never-smokers was significantly different (P=0.03, F-test), and there was a strong correlation between telomerase activity and the number of pack-years smoked (P=0.0012, F-test for slope). A small difference in telomerase activity was observed according to @entity2 status (P=0.02, F-test). Telomerase activity was not correlated with maximum passage number after extended culturing or with time to senescence. None of the HBE cultures demonstrated methylation of the @entity2215 promoter. Our results indicate an association between @entity286 carcinogen exposure and telomerase activity in normal bronchial epithelium, although a causative role of @entity286 smoking in the (re)activation of telomerase can not be proven. An increase in telomerase activity in normal bronchial epithelium might extend the lifespan of cells at risk for malignant transformation, and thus contribute to lung carcinogenesis.

title: Smoking is associated with increased telomerase activity in short-term cultures of XXXX bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of spontaneous pregnancy reduction and early pregnancy complications among @entity2099 conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ). METHODS: Spontaneous pregnancy reduction was assessed among @entity2099 conceived after @entity52 treatment in a private assisted reproduction center in Lagos, Nigeria, between January 2008, and June 2011. The pregnancies were diagnosed at 6-8 weeks of gestation by ultrasound scan, which was repeated at 11-14 weeks to determine the incidence of @entity353 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2099 was 35.2%. There were 11 (20.0%) twin, 6 triplet (10.5%), and 2 quintuplet (3.6%) pregnancies. Spontaneous reduction occurred in 9 (47.7%) of these pregnancies, including 15.8% of twins, 21% of triplets, and 10.5% of quintuplets. Spontaneous reduction was significant among triplets and quintuplets (P<0.05). Six @entity1 (31.5%) older than 36 years had @entity353 (P<0.05). @entity3556 occurred in 3 (15.5%) @entity1 , 2 (66.7%) of whom had @entity2208 . In all instances of monochorionic placentation, @entity353 resulted in @entity2208 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity353 among @entity2099 conceived after @entity52 was high. @entity3556 was a warning sign of eventual abortion. Early pregnancy complications were fewer among pregnancies with dichorionic and trichorionic placentation.

title: Spontaneous fetal reduction and early pregnancy complications in XXXX following @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous reduction']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['multiple pregnancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyaluronan (HA) plays crucial roles in the tumourigenicity of many types of @entity5 . @entity11108 (MU) is an inhibitor of HA synthesis. Several studies have shown its inhibitory effects on @entity5 ; however, none have focused on its effects on @entity421 . METHODS: We investigated the effects of MU on HA accumulation and tumourigenicity of highly metastatic @entity19 @entity421 cells ( @entity1 ) that have HA-rich cell-associated matrix, and @entity1 @entity421 cell lines (MG-63 and @entity5187 ). RESULTS: In vitro, MU inhibited HA retention, thereby reducing the formation of functional cell-associated matrices, and also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Akt phosphorylation was suppressed by MU (1.0 mM). In vivo, although MU showed only a mild inhibitory effect on the growth of the primary @entity5 , it markedly inhibited (75% reduction) the development of lung @entity3 . Hyaluronan retention in the periphery of the primary @entity5 was markedly suppressed by MU. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that MU suppressed HA retention and cell-associated matrix formation in @entity421 cells, resulting in a @entity353 , including lung @entity3 . @entity11108 is a promising therapeutic agent targeting both primary @entity5 and distant @entity3 of @entity421 , possibly via suppression of HA retention.

title: Inhibition of hyaluronan retention by XXXX @entity421 cells in vitro and lung @entity3 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of tumourigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11108 :: ('MESH:C489431', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Methylumbelliferone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity11108 :: (MESH:C489431,Chemical) :: ['4-methylumbelliferone']


abstract: The @entity1457 proteins Bc-Csp from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus and Bs-CspB from the mesophile @entity3881 differ significantly in their conformational stability, although the two proteins differ by only 12 out of 67 amino acid residues. The three-dimensional structure of these small and compact beta-barrel proteins without disulfide bonds, cis-proline residues or tightly bound cofactors is very similar. Previous work has shown that Bc-Csp displays a twofold increase in the free energy of stabilization relative to its homolog Bs-CspB, and indicated that electrostatic interactions are, in part, responsible for this effect. It was further described that the stability difference is almost exclusively due to surface-exposed charged residues at sequence positions 3 and 66 of Bc-Csp and Bs-CspB, whereas all other amino acid changes between both proteins have no net effect on stability. To investigate how two surface residues determine the stability of Bc-Csp, @entity45956 , corresponding to the Bs-CspB sequence. The crystal structures of the resultant protein variants, Bc-Csp R3E and Bc-Csp @entity45957 , were determined at 1.4 A and 1.27 A resolution, and refined to R values of 13.9 % and 15.8 %, respectively. Both structures closely resemble Bc-Csp in their global fold and show different hydrogen bonding and salt-bridge patterns when two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the crystal are compared. To extend the study to neighbored residues that help determine the surface charge around Arg3 and Leu66, the mutant proteins Bc-Csp @entity42379 , Bc-Csp R3E/ @entity42379 / @entity45957 and Bc-Csp @entity45958 / @entity45957 /67A were crystallized. Their structures were determined at resolutions of 1.8 A, 1.32 A and 1.8 A and refined to R values of 18.5 %, 13.8 % and 19.3 %, respectively. A systematic comparison of the crystal structures of all forms of the B. caldolyticus @entity1457 protein shows varying patterns of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions around residues 3 and 66. Thermal destabilization of the protein by mutation appears to correlate with the extent of an acidic surface patch near the C-terminal carboxylate group.

title: Crystal structures of mutant forms of the Bacillus caldolyticus XXXX protein differing in thermal stability.

entities_list: @entity42379 :: ('p|SUB|E|46|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E46A']

entities_list: @entity45958 :: ('p|SUB|V|64|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V64T']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock']

entities_list: @entity45956 :: ('p|SUB|R,L|3,66|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg3 and Leu66 were replaced by glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity45957 :: ('p|SUB|L|66|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L66E']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['cold shock']


abstract: An intraspecies phylogenetic grouping of 168 @entity1 commensal @entity526 strains isolated from the stools of three geographically distinct @entity1 populations (France, Croatia, Mali) was generated by triplex PCR. The distributions of seven known extraintestinal virulence determinants (ibeA, pap, sfa/foc, @entity45251 , hly, cnf1, aer) were also determined by PCR. The data from the three populations were compiled, which showed that strains from phylogenetic groups A (40%) and B1 (34%) were the most common, followed by phylogenetic group D strains (15%). Strains of the phylogenetic group B2 were rare (11%). However, a significant specific distribution for strains of groups A, B1 and B2 within each population was observed, which may indicate the influence of (i) geographic/climatic conditions, (ii) dietary factors and/or the use of antibiotics or (iii) host genetic factors on the commensal flora. Virulence determinants were rarely detected, with only 25.6% of the strains harbouring at least one of the virulence genes tested. The strains with virulence factors most frequently belonged to phylogenetic group B2. The commensal strains of phylogenetic groups A, @entity7444 had fewer virulence determinants than pathogenic strains of the corresponding groups when these data were compared with those for previous collections of virulent extraintestinal infection strains studied using the same approach. However, the virulence patterns of commensal and pathogenic B2 phylogenetic group strains were the same. The data thus suggest that strains of the A, @entity7444 phylogenetic groups predominate in the gut flora and that these strains must acquire virulence factors to become pathogenic. In contrast, commensal phylogenetic group B2 strains are rare but appear to be potentially virulent.

title: Commensal @entity526 isolates are phylogenetically distributed among geographically distinct XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study quantitates the physiologic forces governing the movement of fluid and protein into the lungs during intestinal reperfusion (IR) and describes the anatomic pattern of protein extravasation. @entity35 underwent IR after which pulmonary microvascular dysfunction was assessed in vivo by measuring the concentration of protein within the airways and by quantitating the extravasation of @entity5934 ( @entity5934 ). Pulmonary microvascular dysfunction was quantitated in vitro by determining the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf), protein reflection coefficient (final sigma), and vascular resistance (Rt) using an isolated, perfused lung model. The morphologic pattern of protein extravasation into the lung was qualitatively assessed by fluorescence microscopy following the intravenous administration of fluorescent-labeled proteins of varying molecular weight. Sham-operated animals served as controls. The @entity5934 content of lungs of IR animals was 48% greater than that of controls (P = 0.02). There was no difference in the protein concentration within the airways of these two groups. IR was associated with changes in pulmonary microvascular function favoring the movement of plasma fluid and protein into the interstitium (Kf = 0.02 +/- 0.006 vs 0.005 +/- 0.0005 g/min/mm Hg/100 g body wt; final sigma = 0.95 +/- 0.02 vs 0.99 +/- 0.005; and Rt = 0.94 +/- 0.08 vs 0. 53 +/- 0.04 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g body wt; IR vs SHAM, respectively, P < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated the focal extravasation of labeled proteins into the lungs of animals sustaining IR. These data suggest that both enhanced microvascular permeability and increased hydrostatic pressure contribute to the @entity3126 associated with IR. Furthermore, the extravasation of protein is relatively focal in nature in contrast to the diffuse leak that characterizes more severe models of @entity651 .

title: Physiologic basis of XXXX during intestinal reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['EBD', 'Evans blue dye']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary edema']


abstract: CONTEXT: Thyroid function has been related to @entity195 ( @entity195 ), but it remains unclear whether @entity1374 results from or contributes to developing @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the association between thyroid function and both medial temporal lobe @entity194 on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as putative early sign of @entity195 and risk of @entity303 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : This was a population-based cohort study among 1077 elderly subjects aged 60-90 yr and @entity303 free at baseline (1995-1996). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nonfasting serum levels of TSH, free T(4) (fT(4)), T(3), and rT(3) were available in 1025 subjects followed up for incident @entity303 until 2005. In a subset of 489 nondemented elderly, we assessed volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala on brain MRI. Subjects using thyroid medication were excluded. RESULTS: During 5657 @entity1 -years of follow-up (mean 5.5 yr), 63 subjects were diagnosed with @entity303 (46 with @entity195 ). TSH and thyroid hormones were not associated with risk of @entity303 or @entity195 . TSH and T(3) were also not related to @entity1010 , whereas nondemented subjects with higher fT(4) levels had more hippocampal and @entity194 on MRI. Similar associations were found for rT(3). Excluding subjects with @entity1374 or incipient @entity195 did not change the results. CONCLUSION: In our study, TSH was related neither to risk of @entity195 nor with early MRI markers thereof, arguing against an important role of thyroid function in the development of @entity195 . Whether the association of higher fT(4) and rT(3) levels with @entity1010 on MRI has functional significance remains to be elucidated.

title: Thyroid hormones, @entity303 , and XXXX of the medial temporal lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'amygdalar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: TRIAL DESIGN: This was a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial. @entity1 : A total of 227 @entity1 >= 18 years old with a new onset of @entity308 who screened positive on the first two items of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were recruited by primary care physicians (PCPs) of eight health districts of three Italian regions from September 2009 to June 2011. INTERVENTION: PCPs of the intervention group received a specific collaborative care program including 2 days of intensive training, implementation of a stepped care protocol, @entity308 management toolkit and scheduled meetings with a dedicated consultant psychiatrist. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether a collaborative care program for @entity308 management in primary care leads to higher remission rate than usual @entity212 care. OUTCOMES: Outcome was clinical remission as expressed on PHQ-9 <5 at 3 months. RANDOMIZATION: An independent researcher used computer-generated randomization to assign involved primary care groups to the two alternative arms. BLINDING: PCPs and research personnel were not blinded. RESULTS: The 223 PCPs enrolled recruited 227 @entity1 (128 in collaborative care arm, 99 in the usual care arm). At 3 months (n=210), the proportion of @entity1 who achieved remission was higher, though the difference was not statistically significant, in the collaborative care group. The effect size was of 0.11. When considering only @entity1 with @entity308 , collaborative care appeared to be more effective than usual care (P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: The present intervention for managing @entity308 in primary care, designed to be applicable to the Italian context, appears to be effective and feasible.

title: Effectiveness of collaborative care for XXXX in Italy. A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'minor/major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: To clarify the pathophysiology of boule musculaire associated with @entity4720 , we investigated the 13 @entity1 (11 males and 2 females) with @entity614 caused by @entity4720 . None of the @entity1 had any subjective symptoms such as @entity132 , @entity425 , and @entity2057 of the insurround region near the boule musculaire. Among 21 tendon reflexes of the biceps muscle of the arm, 9 were normal, 8 were decreased and 4 were increased. Among the 13 @entity1 there was only 2 clinical cases of cervical @entity602 . MRI obtained from 3 @entity1 demonstrated a compressed cervical cord. Electromyography obtained from 7 @entity1 demonstrated mild neurogenic changes such as polyphasic or prolonged motor unit potential (MUP) in the boule musculaire and in the @entity3202 regions. However, there was no giant MUP, @entity2901 , fibrillation, nor positive sharp waves suggesting denervating lesions below the anterior horn in any @entity1 . It was considered that the boule musculaire observed in @entity4720 gradually developed from a relatively mild disturbance of the ventral root. Moreover, the boule musculaire developed more often in the male @entity1 , and predominantly on the right side. @entity4720 accompanying boule musculaire may be a prodromal stage or a mild type of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy.

title: [The clinical features of XXXX with boule musculaire].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness in the boule musculaire']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis', 'Cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']


abstract: It is the purpose of this study to evaluate how self-expanding stents (SESs) affect @entity418 radiation planning target volumes (PTVs) and dose delivered to surrounding @entity347 ( @entity347 ). Ten @entity1 were evaluated, for whom a SES was placed before radiation. A computed tomography (CT) scan obtained before stent placement was fused to the post-stent CT simulation scan. Three methods were used to represent pre-stent PTVs: 1) image fusion (IF), 2) volume approximation (VA), and 3) diameter approximation (DA). PTVs and @entity347 were contoured per RTOG 1010 protocol using Eclipse Treatment Planning software. Post-stent dosimetry for each @entity1 was compared to approximated pre-stent dosimetry. For each of the three pre-stent approximations (IF, VA, and DA), the mean lung and liver doses and the estimated percentages of lung volumes receiving 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 30 Gy, and heart volumes receiving 40 Gy were significantly lower (p-values < 0.02) than those estimated in the post-stent treatment plans. The lung V5, lung V10, and heart V40 constraints were achieved more often using our pre-stent approximations. Esophageal SES placement increases the dose delivered to the lungs, heart, and liver. This may have clinical importance, especially when the dose-volume constraints are near the recommended thresholds, as was the case for lung V5, lung V10, and heart V40. While stents have established benefits for treating @entity1 with significant @entity1282 , physicians considering stent placement and radiation therapy must realize the effects stents can have on the dosimetry.

title: Self-expanding stent effects on radiation dosimetry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organs at risk', 'OARs']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) is a potent stimulator of granulocytopoiesis and granulocyte function. It has been used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity281 ; in this context, it was expected to shorten @entity3894 and limit the severity of @entity281 . Clinical trials, however, have demonstrated conflicting results as to whether these aims can be met. Recently, the use of other, less lineage specific growth factors, such as @entity4382 and @entity6826 ( @entity6826 ), has also been discussed. The dynamics of growth factors and growth factor-regulating proteins during @entity281 , particularly in youngsters, are not well understood. METHODS: Serial blood samples from @entity1 and adolescents with @entity281 during chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 were assayed for @entity1851 , white blood cell count, @entity4382 , @entity6826 , @entity1261 , @entity688 , @entity3646 , IL-lalpha, and @entity1356 . RESULTS: Although no correlation could be demonstrated between endogenous @entity4382 or @entity6826 levels, @entity281 , and leukocyte counts, endogenous @entity1261 levels were increased during both @entity281 . However, only the additive effects of @entity281 and @entity1398 led to maximally stimulated endogenous @entity1261 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated @entity1261 levels in a majority of @entity1 during severe @entity281 may explain why a therapeutic benefit of @entity1261 treatment cannot be demonstrated in all cases. There remains, however, a subgroup of @entity1 in whom @entity281 and @entity1503 do not yield a good @entity1261 response. This latter group should be identified, because they might derive some benefit from adjuvant growth factor therapy. The authors predict that the efficacy of @entity1261 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity221 might depend on each individual's ability to initiate the necessary cytokine production.

title: Additive effects of XXXX and @entity1398 on the induction of granulocytopoietic activity in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aplasia and infection', 'infection', 'neutropenic infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: There appears to be a consensus that 100 IU/day of nasally administered salmon calcitonin may prevent trabecular @entity604 during the first year of the menopause. Strong evidence exists that half that dose may also be sufficient to prevent trabecular @entity604 and that higher doses (> or = 200 IU/day) induce a significant increase in spinal bone mineral content. @entity460 supplements should be systemically administered when calcitonin is given, particularly at high doses. Rectal calcitonin seems also to be an efficient alternative in prevention of trabecular @entity604 . Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of @entity175 in prevention of cortical @entity604 . In established @entity170 calcitonin may prevent further @entity604 at trabecular and cortical sites. A similar benefit is obtained following parenteral or nasal administration of the drug. Long-term administration of nasal salmon calcitonin induces a significant dose-dependent gain of bone at the lumbar spine, whereas discontinuous therapy with a ratio of 1:2 or 2:3 between the treatment and nontreatment periods is the best regimen for cortical bone. Epidemiological, retrospective, and prospective studies provide a convergent network of evidence that calcitonin administration in @entity170 contributes to reduce significantly the frequency of subsequent @entity174 , both in the spine and in the hip. Finally, in established @entity170 , nasal calcitonin possesses a potent analgesic effect, reduces the duration of bed confinement, and decreases the number of concomitant analgesic medications. The well-demonstrated effects of nasal calcitonin permit it to be considered as a highly rational solution for the prevention and the treatment of @entity170 .

title: @entity175 for prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the involvement of prostaglandins and renal haemodynamics in the pathogenesis of salt-induced @entity101 . DESIGN: Young (6-week-old) spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), a salt-sensitive @entity101 model, were used. METHODS: The effect of long-term (4-week) administration of @entity8533 (50 mg/100 g in the diet), which stimulates prostaglandins synthesis, was examined concerning the development of @entity101 in young SHR fed on 8% salt-containing diet. Whether the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor @entity3352 (3.0 mg/kg per day for the last 4 days of the treatment) attenuates the @entity101 was also studied. Renal haemodynamics were examined by clearance of inulin (glomerular filtration rate) and @entity5016 (renal plasma flow). RESULTS: Salt loading significantly accelerated the development of @entity101 , and the salt-induced blood pressure rise was significantly attenuated by @entity8533 , although @entity8533 did not attenuate the spontaneous development of @entity101 . The @entity551 effect of @entity8533 was abolished by @entity3352 . Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were not changed with these treatments. However, the changes in renal vascular resistance were parallel to those in mean blood pressure: it was increased with salt loading, reversed by @entity8533 and increased by @entity3352 . Salt loading decreased urinary @entity1421 , @entity8533 reversed the effect of salt loading and @entity3352 inhibited the effect of @entity8533 . CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the abnormality in @entity1421 contributes to the increased salt sensitivity in young SHR, probably through renal haemodynamic changes.

title: Involvement of prostaglandins and renal haemodynamics in salt-sensitivity of young spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5016 :: ('CHEBI:64703', 'Chemical') :: ['para-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity8533 :: ('MESH:C038068', 'Chemical') :: ['cicletanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Accurate assessment of disease activity in @entity1 with otorhinolaryngological manifestations of @entity2883 with @entity2883 (Wegener's) (ENT/GPA) is necessary for treatment decisions and clinical trials. We have designed a disease activity score (ENT/GPA DAS) for this purpose. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: GPA @entity1 seen in a tertiary center were systematically assessed for disease activity and/or @entity281 in the ear, nose, and throat region using European @entity1333 Study Group guidelines. An @entity14696 activity score was developed and validated, and compared to the ENT domain of the Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score (ENT/BVAS). RESULTS: One hundred forty-four @entity1 were studied, of whom 87% (125/144) had ENT involvement. ENT items of disease activity were correlated with expert clinical assessment. Discriminant correlation tests were performed to control for @entity281 . Six items were retained to form the ENT/GPA DAS: reported bloody rhinorrhoea, granulation, @entity1066 and/or friable mucosa in the upper airway on endoscopic evaluation, objective stridor, sudden @entity1274 , and inflamed tympanic membrane/middle ear without @entity281 . Nasal crusting was excluded. Individual items of ENT/GPA DAS had higher sensitivities and comparable specificities in predicting disease activity than ENT/BVAS items. Overall ENT/GPA DAS demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower specificity for disease activity in ENT/GPA when compared to overall ENT/BVAS. CONCLUSIONS: A tool to assess @entity14696 activity in GPA has been developed. It is potentially superior to existing tools but requires further testing for intra- and interobserver reliability.

title: A disease activity score for ENT involvement in XXXX with @entity2883 (Wegener's).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['ENT disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether caregiver characteristics are independently associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity303 ( @entity11989 ) after accounting for @entity1 characteristics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Medicare @entity195 Demonstration and Evaluation study. SETTING: Community-dwelling residents in eight U.S. cities. @entity1 : Five thousand seven hundred eighty-eight @entity1 with @entity303 and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS: Caregivers were asked about the presence of 12 @entity11989 in @entity1 with @entity303 . Caregiver predictors included age, sex, education, income, marital status, relationship to the @entity1 , whether they lived with @entity1 , number of hours per week spent caregiving, self-reported health, dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), @entity308 , and burden. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine which caregiver characteristics were independently associated with reports of more @entity11989 in @entity1 after controlling for the @entity1 's age, sex, @entity303 severity, level of ADL dependency, and @entity303 type. RESULTS: Caregivers were on average 64 years old, 72% female, and 49% were the spouse of the @entity1 (32% wives, 17% husbands). The mean burden score of caregivers was 15 (range 0-32, with higher scores indicating more burden), and 32% had significant @entity308 . @entity1 were on average 79 years old, 60% were female, and most had moderate to severe @entity303 . The mean number of @entity11989 +/-standard deviation was 4.8+/-2.8. After adjusting for @entity1 characteristics, caregivers who were younger, less educated, more @entity308 , more burdened, or spent more hours per week giving care reported more @entity11989 in care recipients (all P< or =.005). CONCLUSION: Certain caregiver characteristics are associated with @entity11989 , independent of @entity1 characteristics, including @entity303 severity. Clinicians should consider the dynamics between @entity1 and caregivers when managing @entity11989 . Understanding how different caregiver characteristics influence @entity11989 may help tailor caregiver education and interventions.

title: Caregiver characteristics are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Laparoscopic surgery is commonly used for the treatment of many pediatric @entity66 at our department. @entity302 ( @entity302 ) is well-known for its cosmetic benefit. We, hereby, present our experience of @entity302 and evaluate its efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2012 to June 2014, 78 @entity1 aged less than 18 years who underwent @entity302 were retrospectively evaluated. There were 44 males and 34 females, with a mean age of 10.3 years. The procedures included appendectomy (n = 64), reduction of intussusception (n = 8), removal of an intestinal foreign body (n = 3), and Meckel's diverticulectomy (n = 3). We compared the @entity1 who underwent @entity302 with those who underwent @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ), regarding these procedures. The parameters for analysis included the @entity1 's demographic data, surgical indication, complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: @entity302 is comparable to @entity7617 regarding two major procedures, namely, @entity3473 . There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the @entity1 ' demographic data, complications, and length of hospital stay. According to our experience of @entity302 , it could be a feasible and safe procedure for the treatment of various pediatric @entity66 . However, large prospective randomized studies are needed to identify the differences between @entity13763 and @entity7617 .

title: Experience of single-incision laparoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional laparoscopic surgery', 'CLS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['surgical diseases']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Single-incision laparoscopic surgery', 'SILS']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['appendectomy and reduction of intussusception']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Studies of young @entity1 with early unilateral @entity1545 have suggested that while hemispheric differences in visuospatial processing appear to be present early in development, the young brain is better able to compensate for injury than when the injury occurs later, after networks have been established. The aim of this study was to determine if this pattern continues later in development when these @entity1 are given a challenging task: the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. Experiment 1 included longitudinal data from ten @entity1 with early left hemisphere (LH) injury and nine @entity1 with early right hemisphere (RH) injury. Injury was presumed to be due to a prenatal or perinatal @entity64 . Compared with typically developing @entity1 , both groups were poorer in copying the figure. With development, these @entity1 produced reasonably accurate drawings but continued to use the most immature and piecemeal strategy. In Experiment 2, copy and immediate memory drawings from the 19 @entity1 with early unilateral @entity1545 were collected at a single age (11-14 years). Eight of the ten @entity1 with LH injury organized their memory reproductions around the core rectangle but included relatively few additional details. In contrast, only two of the nine @entity1 with @entity130 organized their memory reproductions around the core rectangle and all but one produced the figure in a piecemeal manner. The results from both studies demonstrate the continuation of @entity51 in visuospatial analysis with development but also the continued capacity for compensation.

title: The impact of early unilateral XXXX on perceptual organization and visual memory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['RH injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Intermittent injections of @entity461 have osteoanabolic effects that increase @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Ronacaleret is an orally administered @entity460 -sensing receptor antagonist that stimulates endogenous @entity461 release from the parathyroid glands. Our objective was to compare the effects of ronacaleret and teriparatide on volumetric @entity79 (vBMD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial at 45 academic centers with 31 sites participating in the substudy. @entity1 included 569 postmenopausal @entity1 with low @entity79 ; vBMD was assessed at the spine and hip in a subset of 314 @entity1 . @entity1 were treated for up to 12 months with open-label teriparatide 20   g subcutaneously once daily or randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to ronacaleret 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, or 400 mg once daily, @entity561 70 mg once weekly, or matching placebos. Ronacaleret increased spine integral (0.49% to 3.9%) and trabecular (1.8% to 13.3%) vBMD compared with baseline, although the increments were at least twofold lower than that attained with @entity15896 (14.8% and 24.4%, respectively) but similar or superior to that attained with @entity561 (5.0% and 4.9%, respectively). There were small non-dose-dependent decreases in integral vBMD of the proximal femur with ronacaleret (-0.1 to -0.8%) compared with increases in the teriparatide (3.9%) and @entity561 (2.7%) arms. @entity461 ( @entity461 ) elevations with ronacaleret were prolonged relative to that seen historically with teriparatide. Ronacaleret preferentially increased vBMD of trabecular bone that is counterbalanced by small decreases in @entity79 at cortical sites. The relative preservation of trabecular bone and loss at cortical sites are consistent with the induction of mild @entity2742 with ronacaleret therapy.

title: Ronacaleret, a @entity460 -sensing receptor antagonist, increases trabecular but not cortical bone in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity15896 :: ('MESH:D019379', 'Chemical') :: ['teriparatide']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing @entity255 (IgG4-SC) is one of the IgG4-related @entity262 and responds well to @entity134 therapy. A 58-year-old male was admitted with hilar @entity1157 revealed by computed tomography. We performed percutaneous transhepatic right portal vein embolization (PTPE) and scheduled a right hepatectomy because a @entity201 was first suspected. However, there was no cytologic evidence of @entity5 and serum IgG4 was elevated. @entity134 therapy was initiated after PTPE. There was no evidence of @entity1157 after 4 weeks. Improving diagnostic technique, IgG4-SC was diagnosed and treated with @entity134 therapy. In some cases, we couldn't deny the @entity5 and performed unnecessary resection. We recommend that @entity134 administration while waiting for the liver volume to increase after PTPE is useful. The therapy aids in the diagnosis of @entity1157 , which has value for a hilar @entity1157 limit type of IgG4-SC, as in the case reported here.

title: Usefulness of @entity134 administration for diagnosis of IgG4-related sclerosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis', 'bile duct']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosing diseases']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the @entity137 and efficacy of a 4-day regimen of @entity1205 , @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 (TPFL4) in @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty previously untreated @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity213 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group functional status of 2 or less were treated with TPFL4. Postchemotherapy support included prophylactic growth factors and antibiotics. @entity1 who achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to three cycles of TPFL4 received definitive twice-daily radiation therapy. The primary end points were @entity137 and response to TPFL4. RESULTS: Eighty-five cycles were administered to 30 @entity1 . The major acute @entity137 to TPFL4 were @entity33 and @entity390 . One @entity1 died of @entity1398 during therapy. Additional major @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity448 , @entity8 , @entity16 , and @entity294 . Fourteen percent of all cycles were associated with hospitalization for @entity137 . The overall clinical response rate to TPFL4 was 93%, with 63% CRs and 30% PRs. @entity5 site clinical and pathologic response rates were 93% and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSION: TPFL4 has an acceptable @entity137 profile in good-performance-status @entity1 . Modification of the 5-day TPFL regimen (TPFL5: shorter chemotherapy infusion time, earlier intervention with growth factors and antibiotics) led to fewer episodes of @entity1398 and hospitalization. Response rates to TPFL justify further evaluation of combinations of these agents in the context of formal clinical trials.

title: Phase II trial of @entity1205 , @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 as induction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevailing strategy concerning ultrasound screening for @entity15337 in newborns in Norway does not intercept all who should be treated. In recent years typical rates for hospital treatment of late @entity572 in newborn have been 15-20 cases. By universal ultrasound examination, 10-20 % of the newborns present with "physiological immature" hips. By this we mean hips with subnormal ultrasound values that will normalise in the course of the neonatal period. An agreed basis of defined and standardised criteria in order to diagnose and treat physiological immature hips is required. We hope tat this study will contribute to the final solution to these questions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over the period 1 February 1998 through 2002 we had 2466 alive newborns at our hospital. 26 were directly transferred to another hospital, 130 were left out because of limited skills or inadequate training in ultrasound among temporary staff. The hips have been graduated morphologically in accordance with Graf's alpha angle. All newborns have been investigated by ultrasound and clinical examination with Ortolani/Barlow test 1-3 day after birth. Those with diagnosed @entity1141 (alpha < 50 masculine) and those with positive clinic and physiological immature hip were immediately treated with Frejka pillow. Those with negative clinic and physiological immature hip were revaluated after 4 weeks by ultrasound, and those still immature were given Frejka pillow. Duration of pillow treatment was 4 months, followed by further clinically and radiological surveillance. All @entity1 given the pillow treatment were clinically examined 2-3 months after they were able to walk without support, and again 1-5 years later radiologically. RESULTS: Of the newborn, 31 (1.3%) had a positive Ortolani/Barlow test. Among them, 7 had @entity1141 , 20 immature @entity47007 were normal. Among the 2275 @entity1 with normal clinic, 9 had @entity1141 and 232 (10.9%) had at least one physiological immature hip. After 4 weeks, 26 still had immature hip by ultrasound evaluation. A total of 62 @entity1 (2.7%) were treated with Frejka pillow. At the "walk alone" control and the radiological control 1-5 years later, there were no pathological findings, specially no sign of @entity39 . In the total material we had 2 @entity1 with late subluxations, detected at the age of 8 and 10 months. Both had normal clinic with an ultrasound immature hip at birth. They should have been followed up, but were missed, for uncertain reasons. Both attained normal hips after treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study of universal ultrasound screening for @entity15337 of the hips in newborns shows that 1 % of the @entity1 born with normal hips clinically still have physiological immature hips at the age of 4 weeks. Taking those into account as potentially @entity6349 , it gives an overall treatment rate of 2.7%. Today, the only possible way to intercept those physiological immature hips that will not normalise is by universal ultrasound examination. For these @entity1 , early treatment with Frejka pillow is effective, without any risk of @entity130 .

title: [Ultrasound screening for XXXX in newborns and treatment with Frejka pillow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocations']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dysplasia']


abstract: There exists a lack of understanding of normal preputial development which is reflected in the large numbers of inappropriate referrals for circumcision. While the scarred prepuce invariably responds best to formal circumcision a more conservative approach is recommended in those symptomatic @entity1 with non-retractile foreskins. In this study, @entity1 referred to the out- @entity1 department with a @entity5372 were assessed. Those with a @entity5372 and secondary preputial scarring were listed for circumcision. Those with a narrowed foreskin and a history of recurrent @entity24596 or local symptoms such as fissuration, thought suitable for a more conservative approach, were listed for preputioplasty. Those with a @entity5372 but without local symptoms were reassured and discharged. Thirty @entity1 were referred for preputioplasty. One @entity1 developed a @entity2737 which settled with oral antibiotics prescribed by his general practitioner. This left him with further @entity1104 and he later underwent circumcision. The remaining @entity1 reported no post-operative problems at follow-up. Cosmesis was good with high levels of @entity1 satisfaction expressed. All had easily retractile foreskins at follow-up. Large numbers of @entity1 might reasonably benefit from a lateral preputioplasty when presenting with a symptomatic @entity5372 in the absence of significant scarring of the prepuce. It avoids the needless loss of the foreskin, the importance of which is only now beginning to emerge.

title: Lateral preputioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['preputial adhesions']

answer: @entity5372 :: (MESH:D010688,Disease) :: ['phimosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) can render the brain more tolerant to a subsequent potential lethal @entity63 . @entity4854 has been shown to increase the size of @entity385 and worsen the clinical outcome following a @entity64 , thus exacerbating oxidative stress. @entity49600 has a significant association with @entity65 , especially with @entity6 . In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the IPreC due to modulating the expression of @entity49600 and oxidative damage markers against @entity64 by induced transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . MATERIAL-METHOD: 72 male Spraque Dawley @entity35 were allocated to 8 groups. In order to evaluate alterations of anti/oxidative status and @entity49600 level, we induced transient @entity2500 seven days after STZ-induced @entity6 . Also we performed IPreC 72h before transient @entity2500 to assess whether IPreC could have a neuroprotective effect against @entity63 -reperfusion injury. RESULTS: The general characteristics of STZ-treated @entity35 (STZ) included reduced body weight and elevated blood @entity413 levels compared to non- @entity6 ones. Ischemic preconditioning before @entity2806 significantly reduced @entity1188 size compared with the other groups [IPreC+ @entity2500 (27  11mm(3)) vs. @entity2500 (109  17mm(3)) p<0.001; STZ+IPreC+ @entity2500 (38  10mm(3)) vs. STZ+ @entity2500 (165  45mm(3)) p<0.001, respectively]. The mean total antioxidant status level in IPreC groups was higher than other groups (p<= 0.05). Moreover, IPreC considerably decreased mean @entity49600 levels compared with other groups (p<= 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study results supported the neuroprotective effects of @entity63 preconditioning in MCA @entity1188 correlated with the level of oxidative damage markers and @entity49600 .

title: Neuroprotective effect of @entity63 preconditioning via modulating the expression of @entity49600 and oxidative markers against XXXX in @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['transient cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity16 have a much higher risk of both @entity322 and @entity1142 than the general population. There is often a fine line between the two conditions, with any management intended to ameliorate one risking precipitating the other. Bowel problems are observed to be the cause of much @entity148 and may reduce quality of life in these @entity1 . Current bowel management is largely empirical with a limited research base. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of management strategies for @entity322 and @entity1142 in @entity1 with @entity16 affecting the central nervous system. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched 26 January 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2005), MEDLINE (January 1966 to May 2005), EMBASE (January 1998 to May 2005) and all reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating any types of conservative or surgical measure for the management of @entity322 and @entity1142 in @entity1 with @entity16 were selected. Specific therapies for the treatment of @entity16 that indirectly affect @entity29 were also considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of eligible trials and two reviewers independently extracted data from included trials using a range of pre-specified outcome measures. MAIN RESULTS: Ten trials were identified by the search strategy, most were small and of poor quality. Oral medications for @entity1142 were the subject of four trials. @entity4392 does not seem to have clinically useful effects in @entity1 with @entity1566 (three trials). Psyllium was associated with increased stool frequency in @entity1 with @entity191 but did not alter colonic transit time (one trial). @entity17627 , an enterokinetic did not demonstrate obvious benefits in this @entity1 group (one study). Some rectal preparations to initiate defaecation produced faster results than others (one trial). Different time schedules for administration of rectal medication may produce different bowel responses (one trial). Mechanical evacuation may be more effective than oral or rectal medication (one trial). There appears to be a benefit to @entity1 in one-off educational interventions from nurses. The clinical significance of any of these results is difficult to interpret. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is still remarkably little research on this common and, to @entity1 , very significant condition. It is not possible to draw any recommendation for bowel care in @entity1 with @entity16 from the trials included in this review. Bowel management for these @entity1 must remain empirical until well-designed controlled trials with adequate numbers and clinically relevant outcome measures become available.

title: Management of @entity322 and XXXX in adults with central @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity17627 :: ('MESH:C406662', 'Chemical') :: ['Prucalopride']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is characterized by @entity55 that significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Airway epithelial cells play a role in the inflammatory signaling in @entity1577 and have been reported to exhibit a number of dysfunctions in signaling cascades that modulate @entity32 . Previously, we reported that the activity of @entity13791 ( @entity13791 ), a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant and cytoprotective protein expression, is diminished in @entity1577 epithelia (7). In this report, we examined the mechanism of @entity13791 dysregulation in vitro in @entity1 airway epithelial cell lines and primary cells and in vivo in nasal epithelia excised from /\F508 @entity1577 mutant @entity19 . We found that @entity268 -mediated signaling markedly reduces @entity13791 activity in @entity1577 vs. non- @entity1577 cells. Rp-cAMPS, a @entity268 competitor, significantly corrected @entity13791 activity in @entity1577 cells, predominantly by increasing the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor. Furthermore, we found that Rp-cAMPS significantly decreased NF-kB activation following inflammatory stimulation of @entity1577 cells. Further investigation revealed that @entity13791 and NF-kB compete for the transcriptional coactivator @entity268 responsive element-binding protein ( @entity16221 ( @entity16221 ) and that Rp-cAMPS shifts @entity16221 association in favor of @entity13791 . Thus our findings provide a link between feedback to @entity1577 transmembrane regulator dysfunction and dysregulation of an inflammatory signaling pathway that modulates the coordinated activities of @entity13791 and NF-kB. Furthermore, our studies suggest that strategies that shift @entity16221 association away from NF-kB and toward @entity13791 could have potential therapeutic efficacy for reducing @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Interaction with @entity16221 modulates the activities of XXXX and NF-kB in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung disease']

entities_list: @entity16221 :: ('1387', 'Gene') :: ['CBP', 'CREB) binding protein']

entities_list: @entity13791 :: ('4780', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor erythroid-derived-like 2', 'Nrf2']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity13791 :: (4780,Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: Fidelity of DNA replication by @entity1519 DNA polymerase is achieved in a multiplicative process: base selection by its polymerase activity and removal of misincorporated @entity2036 by its exonuclease activity. The wild-type polymerase is capable of maintaining a balance between the two activities so that DNA replication fidelity is maximized without excessive waste of @entity2036 . Antimutator enzymes exhibit a higher DNA replication fidelity than the wild-type enzyme, at the cost of increased @entity377 turnover. The antimutator @entity47288 polymerase has been characterized kinetically using pre-steady-state and steady-state methods to provide a kinetic sequence which defines the effect of the mutation on the discrete steps controlling DNA replication fidelity. Comparison of this sequence to that of the wild type [Capson, L. T., Peliska, J. A., Kaboord, B. F., Frey, M. W., Lively, C., Dahlberg, M., and Benkovic, S. J. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 10984-10994] revealed that @entity47288 polymerase differs in two ways. The rates at which DNA is transferred between the exonuclease and polymerase sites are reduced approximately 7-fold for a duplex DNA containing a mismatched 3'-terminus, and the partitioning of the mismatched duplex between the polymerase and exonuclease sites is 1:2 versus 4:1 for the wild-type enzyme. The exonuclease activity of @entity47288 relative to the wild-type enzyme is unchanged on single-stranded DNA. However, the difference in partitioning the duplex DNA between the exonuclease and polymerase active sites results in an enhanced exonuclease activity for the antimutator enzyme.

title: Kinetic characterization of a bacteriophage XXXX antimutator DNA polymerase.

entities_list: @entity1519 :: ('10665', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage T4']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['T4']


abstract: CONTEXT: Studies have identified childhood @entity458 as a risk factor for adolescent pregnancy but the relationship between exposure to @entity734 and unintended pregnancy in adulthood has, to our knowledge, not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether unintended pregnancy during adulthood is associated with exposure to psychological, physical, or @entity250 during childhood. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a survey mailed to members of a large health maintenance organization who visited a clinic in San Diego, @entity2948 , between August and November 1995 and January and March 1996. The survey had a 63.4% response rate among the target population for this study. @entity1 : A total of 1193 @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years whose first pregnancy occurred at or after age 20 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk of unintended first pregnancy by type of abuse (psychological, physical, or @entity458 ; peer sexual assault) and type of household dysfunction (physical abuse of mother by her partner, @entity734 by a household member, @entity1032 of a household member). RESULTS: More than 45% of the @entity1 reported that their first pregnancy was unintended, and 65.8% reported exposure to 2 or more types of @entity734 or household dysfunction. After adjustment for confounders (marital status at first pregnancy and age at first pregnancy), the strongest associations between childhood experiences and unintended first pregnancy included frequent @entity734 (risk ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6), frequent physical abuse of the mother by her partner (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), and frequent physical abuse (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). @entity1 who experienced 4 or more types of abuse during their childhood were 1.5 times (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) more likely to have an unintended first pregnancy during adulthood than @entity1 who did not experience any abuse. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there may be a dose-response association between exposure to @entity734 or household dysfunction and unintended first pregnancy in adulthood. Additional research is needed to fully understand the causal pathway of this association.

title: Unintended pregnancy among adult XXXX exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'sexual and physical abuse']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['psychological abuse', 'childhood abuse', 'substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse or household dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: It remains debatable whether early intervention for @entity716 is capable of meeting the needs of at-risk subjects. The aims of this study were to describe the actual impact of interventions on subjective difficulties and to explore the factors that may be associated with a poor outcome. METHODS: @entity1 were help-seeking outpatients at a university hospital who met the Criteria of Prodromal Syndromes. Changes in the symptoms, subjective experience and current insight were assessed using the Scales of Prodromal Symptoms, the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics, and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of @entity146 , respectively. Global functioning, social functioning and subjective quality of life were evaluated using the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the Social Functioning Scale, and the WHO-Quality of Life 26, respectively. These measures were assessed both at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 agreed to participate. Of the 27 @entity1 who completed the reassessment at the follow-up point, 13 @entity1 (48%) showed little improvement in their positive/negative symptoms, subjective well-being or awareness of their symptoms. Additionally, less severe negative symptoms, more severe general symptoms and lower subjective well-being at baseline significantly predicted a deterioration of positive/negative symptoms after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the current strategy for reducing @entity716 risk based on positive symptoms should be reappraised.

title: Poor outcome associated with symptomatic deterioration among help-seeking individuals at risk for XXXX : a naturalistic follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: We report the 7th known case in the literature of @entity5426 resulting in @entity7086 . A 34-year-old @entity1 was admitted presenting @entity662 and @entity2294 . After the @entity1 had been treated for 3 months under the diagnosis of @entity2396 of unknown etiology, she became @entity551 . Doppler echocardiography showed @entity2294 and a communication between the right atrium and the pericardial cavity. An emergency operation was undertaken to drain the effusion and explore the etiology. We found the ruptured right atrium and the irregularly shaped @entity5 extending from the pericardium near the inferior caval vein to the right ventricle. There was no apparent @entity5 on the right atrium, but its wall was extensively thin, which we replaced with autologous pericardium. The @entity1 died on the 44th postoperative day. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5426 is usually very difficult. If Doppler echocardiography demonstrates @entity2294 and find a ruptured right atrium with or without mass formation, we should suspect @entity5426 .

title: XXXX causing @entity7086 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['increased pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), the fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus has been an integral part of Oriental food and traditional Chinese medicine, long before the discovery of their medicinal roles. With the identification of bioactive components as polyketide pigments (statins), and @entity1474 , RYR has gained a nutraceutical status. @entity753 effect of this fermented compound has been validated and @entity5753 has been recognized as the pivotal component in @entity165 alleviation. Functional similarity with commercial drug @entity5753 sans the side effects has catapulted its popularity in other parts of the world as well. Apart from the @entity551 role, ameliorative benefits of RYR as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and osteogenic agent have emerged, fueling intense research on it. Mechanistic studies have revealed their interaction with functional agents like @entity7447 , @entity20467 , @entity560 , @entity1501 , @entity10935 , and @entity7652 . On the other hand, concurrence of mycotoxin @entity22443 and variable content of statin has marred its integration in mainstream medication. In this disputable scenario, evaluation of the scopes and lacunae to overcome seems to contribute to an eminent area of healthcare. Red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), the @entity579 -based fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus is a functional food. Its bioactive component @entity5753 acts like synthetic drug @entity5753 , without the severe side effects  of the latter. RYR has been validated to lower @entity165 , control high blood pressure; confer anti-flammation, hypoglycaemic, anticancer and osteogenic properties. However, dose inconsistency and co-occurrence of toxin @entity22443 hampers its dietary supplementation prospect. Further research might facilitate development of RYR as a nutraceutical.

title: Functional food red @entity375 XXXX (RYR) for metabolic syndrome amelioration: a review on pros and cons.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity20467 :: ('MESH:C005948', 'Chemical') :: ['astaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'monacolin K']

entities_list: @entity10935 :: ('MESH:C080710', 'Chemical') :: ['policosanol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The @entity18924 is a @entity1032 / @entity600 with behavioral components of @entity2438 . It is caused by a deficiency in 3beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta7-reductase ( @entity43255 ), the enzyme required for the terminal enzymatic step of @entity165 biosynthesis. The availability of @entity18924 @entity19 models has made it possible to investigate the genesis of the @entity600 associated with this syndrome. @entity43255 gene modification ( @entity43255 -/-) results in @entity30440 and multiple organ system @entity600 . Pathology includes @entity2419 , @entity358 , @entity848 , impaired cortical response to @entity2227 , and hypermorphic development of @entity528 . For the current study, hindbrain regions microdissected from gestational day 14 @entity43255 -/-, @entity43255 +/- and @entity43255 +/+ fetuses were processed for expression profiling analyses using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays and filtered using statistical significance (S-score) of change in gene expression. Of the 12,000 genes analyzed, 91 were upregulated and 98 were downregulated in the @entity43255 -/- hindbrains when compared to wild-type animals. Fewer affected genes, representing a reduced affect on these pathways, were identified in heterozygous animals. Hierarchical clustering identified altered expression of genes associated with @entity165 homeostasis, cell cycle control and apoptosis, neurodifferentiation and embryogenesis, transcription and translation, cellular transport, @entity179 , and neuronal cytoskeleton. Of particular interest, @entity43255 gene modification elicited dynamic changes in genes involved in axonal guidance. In support of the microarray findings, immunohistochemical analyses of the netrin/deleted in @entity14 axon guidance pathway illustrated midline commissural deficiencies and hippocampal pathfinding errors in @entity43255 -/- @entity19 . The results of these studies aid in providing insight into the genesis of @entity1 @entity165 -related @entity600 and @entity245 and highlight specific areas for future investigation.

title: Immunohistochemical and microarray analyses of a XXXX model for the @entity18924 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity18924 :: ('MESH:D019082', 'Disease') :: ['Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects', 'malformations', 'malformation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30440 :: ('MESH:C537510', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal lethality']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hindbrain serotonergic neurons']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is associated with @entity66 , @entity385 , and @entity73 . This study aimed to detect the presence and extent of @entity62 in individuals with @entity3458 using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3458 (age range, 9-24 years) and 31 controls (8-25 years) underwent magnetic resonance investigations using T1- and T2-weighted protocols. White and gray matter density maps were obtained from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets. Using VBM, we compared the maps between controls and @entity3458 individuals with silent white matter @entity4798 ( @entity3458 +L; n = 16), and those without visible abnormality ( @entity3458 -L; n = 20). RESULTS: In comparison with controls, intelligence quotients (IQs) were lower in both @entity3458 groups irrespective of presence of visible lesions. VBM showed widespread bilateral @entity62 in the @entity3458 +L group, extending beyond the regions of focal @entity62 . Bilateral @entity62 were also observed in the @entity3458 -L group, in locations similar to those in the @entity3458 +L group. INTERPRETATION: VBM is sensitive to detection of widespread @entity62 in @entity3458 @entity1 in borderzones between arterial territories even in the absence of evidence of @entity1188 . Those changes may contribute to @entity73 in this population.

title: Detecting XXXX in sickle cell disease using voxel-based morphometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarct lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['infarction in the deep anterior and posterior white matter borderzones', 'white matter abnormalities', 'white matter injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter injury']


abstract: A 50-year-old male developed gait disturbance and bilateral sensory disturbance in territories below Th 11 level in February, 1990. On February 26, 1990, an intradural @entity5 was partially removed at Th 11-12 levels, which was histologically diagnosed as @entity463 multiforme; followed by post-operative radiotherapy (40Gy to the @entity5 area). CT scan of the brain was unremarkable and he was discharged home as ambulatory in July, 1990. Gait disturbance, occasional @entity10 and @entity391 developed in June, 1991. MRI revealed multiple @entity4097 at Th 11-12 and L 2-3 levels, as well as multiple @entity5 in the cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, and sylvian fissure, all of which were thought to be located in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. @entity3548 shunt was performed for @entity1276 . MRI taken 2 months after operation demonstrated @entity510 and new @entity4097 at C 3-4 and Th 3-10 levels. Although pathology of the @entity5 was not confirmed, dissemination from the @entity5 was strongly suggested by the evidence including the long interval after the spinal cord operation, the location of the @entity5 in the CSF space, and the simultaneous intraspinal dissemination. Only 31 cases with intracranial dissemination from malignant spinal @entity816 or @entity463 have been reported, and, of these, most were located around the brainstem, cerebellum, and other regions bordering the CSF space. In @entity4097 , every effort should be made to prevent CSF dissemination at operation or to detect it as early as possible thereafter. MRI was found to be the most effective method for evaluating CSF dissemination.

title: [A case of XXXX with intracranial dissemination].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse subarachnoid dissemination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'intracranial tumors', 'spinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['malignant spinal cord tumor', 'spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['spinal glioblastoma']