abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: Aflibercept known as ziv-aflibercept in the United States is a soluble decoy receptor of both @entity36604 known to inhibit the binding of @entity1611 and @entity36605 ( @entity36605 ) to @entity11132 . Here, we analyzed the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of aflibercept in @entity19 @entity157 models. METHODS: In in vitro studies, we determined the effects of aflibercept on @entity1 umbilical vein cell (HUVEC) proliferation and bone marrow (BM) cell differentiation to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In in vivo experiments, aflibercept was injected intraperitoneally in @entity157 cell @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , and its inhibitory effects on @entity5 growth and BM cell migration to @entity5 tissues were evaluated. RESULTS: Aflibercept suppressed phosphorylation of @entity11132 in HUVEC and dose-dependently inhibited @entity1611 -induced HUVEC proliferation. It suppressed the differentiation of BM cells to EPCs and migration of BM cells to @entity5 tissues. It also suppressed @entity5 growth and prolonged survival time of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 without side effects. In @entity5 tissues, aflibercept upregulated the expression of @entity519 inducible factor1-a, @entity1611 , @entity36605 , @entity10245 , platelet derived growth factor-BB, and transforming growth factor-a and reduced microvascular density. It also reduced sinusoidal density in noncancerous liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated potent antitumor activity for aflibercept in a @entity19 model of @entity157 . These effects were mediated through inhibition of neovascularization, caused by inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, EPC differentiation, and BM cell migration to @entity5 tissues.

title: Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activities of Aflibercept, a Soluble @entity11132 , in a XXXX Model of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity36604 :: ('14254;16542', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 and -2']

entities_list: @entity36605 :: ('18654(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PlGF', 'placental growth factor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine follow up results of unilateral ventral medial pallidotomy in 22 @entity1 with advanced @entity191 more than 1 year after the operation in comparison with their results (previously reported) at 3 months. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 who had undergone unilateral pallidotomy were assessed with the core assessment programme for intracerebral transplantation (CAPIT) protocol preoperatively, at 3 months postoperatively, and again after a median postoperative follow up of 14 months. Two further @entity1 had only one evaluation 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The reduction of contralateral @entity910 (median 67%) at 3 months was slightly attenuated after 1 year to 55% (both p<0.001 compared with baseline). A less pronounced effect on ipsilateral and axial @entity910 decreased from 39% to 33% (p<0.005 and p<0.01), and from 50% to 12.5% (p<0.001 and p<0.01), respectively. However, there was no significant change between the 3 month and the follow up assessment. The modest improvement of the contralateral unified @entity191 rating scale (UPDRS) motor score in the "off" state remained improved compared with preoperative levels, but less significantly (26%, p<0.001, and 18%, p<0.01). The activities of daily living (ADL) subscore of the UPDRS in the off state remained improved with median changes of 23% and 22% at follow up (both p<0. 005). There was no significant improvement of "on" state or ipsilateral off state motor scores. Median modified Hoehn and Yahr scores in off and on state were unchanged, as was the time spent off. Speech in off had significantly deteriorated by 1 year after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of unilateral pallidotomy persist for at least 12 months and, @entity910 are most responsive to this procedure.

title: Unilateral pallidotomy for XXXX : results after more than 1 year.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare and relate plasma hormone levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity1420 (P4), @entity53 (E2), and the in vitro P4 production capacity of the largest yellow (F1) follicle granulosa cells with the laying performance of 2 genotypes (a standard S line and a dwarf cross-experimental E line) maintained under ad libitum (SA, EA) or restricted (SR, ER) feeding regimens. Age-related hormone changes were determined from 4 to 50 wk, hormone changes during the ovulatory cycle were determined during lay, and changes in follicle granulosa cell P4-producing capacity in response to LH with or without growth factors were measured in vitro at different ages. The mean laying rate was similar for SR, EA, and ER but were lower for the SA. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations increased with age in all groups and peaked at @entity1175 . Restricted feeding delayed @entity1175 in both genotypes. Concentrations of @entity36491 increased after @entity1175 in all groups but delayed in restricted hens. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, P4, and E2 before and after @entity1175 were not correlated with egg-laying performance, but peak E2 levels were. Luteinizing hormone and P4 concentrations during the ovulatory cycle showed differences that may be associated with the different laying performances of the 2 genotypes under ad libitum and restricted feeding. The increase in plasma LH concentration (from basal) during the preovulatory surge was higher in the SR than in the SA but was similar for EA, ER, and SA. The increase in P4 was also higher in SR than in the SA with no difference between EA and ER. In vitro P4 production by granulosa cells in response to LH with insulin-like growth factors, and @entity12017 was different among the SA, SR, EA, and ER; the EA, SR, and ER had greater responses, and the SA had less response. The presence of insulin-like growth factors and @entity12017 enhanced LH effects depending on the feeding regimen and age of hen. This finding suggests that differences in laying performances among genotypes fed at different nutritional levels may be partly due to differences in processes associated with follicular maturation modulated by gonadotropins and growth factors. It is concluded that the age at @entity1175 is determined mainly by feed allowance, irrespective of genotype, and that differences in laying performance may be due to a combination of factors that include changes in the levels of gonadotropins or ovarian hormones and growth factors, BW, and the condition of the different genotypes under different feeding allowances.

title: Effects of genotype and feed allowance on plasma luteinizing hormones, follicle-stimulating hormones, @entity1420 , XXXX levels, follicle differentiation, and egg production rates of broiler breeder hens.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-7']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Changes in free cytosolic @entity460 were measured in UMR-106 cells in response to @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) stimulation. @entity291 @entity4727 -(1-34) induced an increase in [ @entity141 ]i with the contour of the rise in [ @entity141 ]i occurring in three successive phases: a rapid increase in [ @entity141 ]i occurring within seconds, rapid decrement in [ @entity141 ]i to near-resting levels within 1 min, and slow increment in [ @entity141 ]i. Phase one and phase three increases in [ @entity141 ]i were dependent on medium @entity460 . The phase one rise in [ @entity141 ]i was inhibitable by the @entity460 channel blockers @entity3740 and @entity1855 . Only the phase one rise in [ @entity141 ]i was blocked by preincubation of the cells with the @entity4621 , @entity1359 . This channel was also blocked when cellular @entity268 levels were increased prior to @entity4727 stimulation. The phase two decrement of [ @entity141 ]i was due to the rapid inactivation of the phase one @entity460 channel. The phase three rise in [ @entity141 ]i was mediated by cellular @entity268 levels. This @entity268 -dependent @entity141 channel was insensitive to pretreatment of the cells with @entity4996 and showed low sensitivity to @entity141 channel blockers. It is concluded that UMR-106 cells respond to @entity4727 stimulation by the activation of a @entity268 -independent @entity141 channel. This channel rapidly inactivates. The subsequent @entity4727 -dependent increase in cellular @entity268 is followed by activation of a @entity268 -dependent @entity141 channel resulting in a slow rise in [ @entity141 ]i.

title: @entity4727 -activated @entity460 channels in an osteoblast-like clonal osteosarcoma cell line. @entity268 -dependent and XXXX -independent @entity460 channels.

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol diesters']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: The anti-vertigo effect of @entity11358 (Stugeron R) has been tested in a controlled double blinded study on 40 @entity1 suffering from various, well defined peripheral or central @entity394 . 12 @entity1 out of 20 treated with 75 mg @entity11358 twice a day during seven days demonstrated satisfactory vertigo suppression versus only 5 out of 20 treated with placebo. ( SIGNIFICANCE: p less than 0.05). Particularly favorable results were obtained in @entity1 suffering from @entity1897 , from vertigo of circulatory origin and from post traumatic vertigo. Results were less conclusive in @entity1 with @entity195 or central @entity16 ( @entity15 or @entity179 ). The difference between the treated group and the placebo group was less striking after a prolonged treatment of eight weeks because of an important spontaneous improvement rate also in the placebo group. Electronystagmography did not show clearly detectable differences between @entity1 treated with @entity11358 and those treated with placebo. A temporary depressant effect on @entity346 was however electronystagmographically documented when the @entity11358 dose was increased to 150 mg, (single dose) given to 5 healthy volunteers. The drug was generally well tolerated. Minor side effects were: slight somnolence (5 @entity1 out of 19), slight @entity10 (2/19) and transient @entity490 (2/19).

title: [Effect of XXXX on various types of vertigo. Clinical and electronystagmographic results of a double-blind study].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['sudden peripheral vestibular deficit']

entities_list: @entity11358 :: ('MESH:D002936', 'Chemical') :: ['Cinnarizine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['heredito-degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Meni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity11358 :: (MESH:D002936,Chemical) :: ['cinnarizine']


abstract: We have previously reported that @entity42738 (NG-R1) increases the synthesis of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) and decreases @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity in cultured @entity1 endothelial cells from different vascular sources. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether the effect of NG-R1 on the synthesis of components of the fibrinolytic system is also operative in another cell type of the blood vessel wall, the smooth muscle cell. Therefore cultured @entity1 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were treated with NG-R1. When the HPASMCs (passage 4 or 5) were conditioned with NG-R1, a dose (0.01-100 micrograms NG-R1/ml for 24 hrs.) dependent increase in @entity3479 an @entity2290 synthesis was observed, which was significant from 1 microgram NG-R1/ml on. @entity3479 antigen increased from 2.4 +/- 0.1 to 4.7 +/- 0.5 ng/10(5) cells/24 hrs.; @entity2290 antigen increased from 1.8 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.4 ng/10(5) cells/24 hrs. In contrast no change in @entity2289 antigen synthesis was seen in the conditioned media from NG-R1 treated HPASMCs. On Northern blot analysis of mRNA obtained from NG-R1-stimulated and control HPASMCs NG-R1 induced a significant increases in mRNA levels of @entity3479 and @entity2290 (180% and 200% of control value, respectively) at 100 micrograms NG-R1/ml while @entity2289 mRNA decreased slightly. In conclusion our data give evidence that NG-R1 can increase the fibrinolytic potential in cultured HPASMCs in vitro by increasing the production of @entity3479 and @entity2290 . If operative in vivo this effect of NG-R1 on the fibrinolytic system of SMCs might also contribute to the effect of the Chinese herb drug Panax notoginseng in the treatment of @entity65 .

title: Effect of @entity42738 on the synthesis of components of the fibrinolytic system in cultured smooth muscle cells of XXXX pulmonary artery.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity42738 :: ('MESH:C072936', 'Chemical') :: ['notoginsenoside R1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Our laboratory is involved in identifying genes that can be used as early diagnostic or prognostic markers in @entity0 . We previously identified a gene ( @entity22547 ) that is expressed in normal but not in transformed mammary epithelial cells (MECs). @entity22547 is located on chromosome 19q13.4 within the @entity18504 locus and thus was designated as @entity1 @entity18504 10 ( @entity7434 ), although we have been unable to detect any protease activity. Importantly, @entity7434 expression is decreased in a majority of @entity0 cell lines. Transfection of @entity7434 into @entity7434 -negative @entity0 cells reduces the tumorigenicity. Using methylation-specific PCR and subsequent sequencing, we demonstrate a strong correlation between hypermethylation of @entity7434 and loss of mRNA expression. Further analysis showed that essentially 100% of normal breast specimens had @entity7434 expression, whereas 46% of @entity513 in situ (DCIS) and the majority of @entity513 ( @entity513 ) samples lacked the @entity7434 mRNA. Importantly, @entity7434 -negative DCIS diagnosed at the time of biopsy were subsequently diagnosed as @entity513 at the time of definitive surgery. It has been shown that @entity7434 protein expression is regulated by @entity230 . In addition to @entity0 , @entity7434 is downregulated in cervical @entity5 and @entity981 , whereas it is upregulated in @entity43 . These results point to the paradoxical role of @entity7434 in @entity1 @entity5 and underscore the importance of further studies of this @entity18504 .

title: @entity1 @entity18504 10, a predictive marker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, prostate cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend limiting use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and diagnostic testing for @entity1 with @entity5924 . We sought to determine the association of the evidence-based guidelines with @entity5924 care in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative sample of @entity341 visits. We compared utilization for @entity1 visits before and after the publication of the guidelines. We used logistic regression to determine the association of the availability of the guidelines with resource utilization. RESULTS: Bronchodilators were used in 53.8% of @entity1 visits with no differences noted after the introduction of the guidelines (53.6% vs 54.2%, P = .91). Systemic @entity230 were used in 20.4% of @entity1 visits, and antibiotics were given in 33.2% of visits. There were no changes in the frequency of corticosteroid (21.9% vs 17.8%, P = .31) or antibiotic (33.6% vs 29.7%, P = .51) use. There was an associated decrease in use of chest x-rays (65.3% vs 48.6%, P = .005). This association remained significant after adjusting for @entity1 and hospital characteristics with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.26-0.67). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 seen in the @entity341 with @entity5924 , utilization of diagnostic imaging has decreased with the availability of the American Academy of Pediatrics practice guidelines. However, there has not been an associated decrease in use of nonrecommended therapies. Targeted efforts will likely be required to change practice significantly.

title: Management of @entity5924 in the XXXX : impact of evidence-based guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) current is used as a common energy source to perform @entity358 ( @entity358 ) in @entity1 with @entity955 . We applied measurements of the blood concentration of @entity6949 as a surrogate parameter for the injured cell mass. AIM: To clarify which parameters are major determinants of @entity296 , estimated by @entity6949 , after @entity358 with RF ablation. METHODS: The study population consisted of 82 consecutive @entity1 in whom @entity358 with RF ablation was performed. In 41 @entity1 , @entity75 (LL) were needed. Blood samples were obtained during @entity1211 before a procedure and a further one, six and 24 hours after ablation. RESULTS: Pathological @entity6949 values were observed in all @entity1 in the first hour and further increased in time. The median of peak @entity6949 value in the LL group was significantly (p     0.05) higher than the respective value in @entity1 without LL made: 1.16 (0.85;1.98) and 0.94 (0.65;1.14) ng/mL, respectively. Significantly higher @entity6949 values (p = 0.043) were observed in @entity1 who maintained sinus rhythm in long term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The only independent predictor of @entity296 after @entity358 with RF ablation, expressed as an increase in @entity6949 level, is cumulative energy applied. The larger the @entity296 , the greater the @entity358 effectiveness.

title: Major determinants of @entity296 after XXXX with radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['additional linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous puncture']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']


abstract: 1. The central nervous system of neonatal albino @entity35 showed age specific functional parameters, some of them are comparable with those of @entity1 prematures. 2. The @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) of the lid closure reflex and of the withdrawal reflex of the foreleg, hindleg and tail were measured during the behavioral states quite sleep, active sleep, and wakefulness of @entity35 between 1st and 20th postnatal day. 3. The @entity1054 of the investigated reflexes decreased with age in different degrees. 4. The @entity1054 was found to be different in the behavioral states; with increasing age the @entity1054 becomes longer in active sleep than in the other states. 5. The reflex time measurement of withdrawal reflexes during different behavioral states should be proved for its applicability as a test for normal brain development in @entity1 newborns.

title: [Reflex time in relation to age and behavioral status studied in postnatal growing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reflex times']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 worldwide. Although our knowledge on the pathobiology of the disease has increased in the last decades, the prognosis of @entity2 @entity1 has hardly changed. Many signaling pathways are implicated in lung carcinogenesis, but the role of the alternative pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) in @entity2 pathogenesis and progression has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of this pathway in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . @entity7286 and @entity23436 protein expression was retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 109 @entity1149 @entity1 . @entity23436 and @entity7286 protein levels differed between @entity5 and adjacent nonneoplastic lung parenchyma. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of @entity7286 and @entity23436 was correlated with @entity5 stage (p = 0.03 and p = 0.016, respectively). In addition, cytoplasmic @entity7286 levels were related to @entity5 grade (p = 0.046). Expression of @entity23436 in the cytoplasm was @entity5 histologic type-specific, with @entity957 having the highest protein levels. Nuclear expression of @entity23436 and @entity7286 differed between @entity5 and nonneoplastic tissues, possibly indicating activation of the alternative pathway of NF-kB in @entity5 cells. Moreover, lymph node @entity3 was related to nuclear @entity7286 expression in @entity5 cells. The deregulation of the alternative NF-kB pathway in @entity1149 could play a role in the development and progression of the disease.

title: XXXX and the alternative pathway of NF-kB: uncovering an unknown relation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shared decision making contributes to high quality healthcare by promoting a @entity1 -centered approach. @entity1 involvement in selecting the components of a @entity6 medication program that best match the @entity1 's values and preferences may also enhance medication adherence and improve outcomes. Decision aids are tools designed to involve @entity1 in shared decision making, but their adoption in practice has been limited. In this study, we propose to obtain a preliminary estimate of the impact of @entity1 decision aids vs. usual care on measures of @entity1 involvement in decision making, @entity6 care processes, medication adherence, glycemic and @entity65 factor control, and resource utilization. In addition, we propose to identify, describe, and explain factors that promote or inhibit the routine embedding of decision aids in practice. METHODS/DESIGN: We will be conducting a mixed-methods study comprised of a cluster-randomized, practical, multicentered trial enrolling clinicians and their @entity1 (n = 240) with type 2 @entity6 from rural and suburban primary care practices (n = 8), with an embedded qualitative study to examine factors that influence the incorporation of decision aids into routine practice. The intervention will consist of the use of a decision aid (Statin Choice and Aspirin Choice, or @entity6 Medication Choice) during the clinical encounter. The qualitative study will include analysis of video recordings of clinical encounters and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with participating @entity1 , clinicians, and clinic support staff, in both trial arms. DISCUSSION: Upon completion of this trial, we will have new knowledge about the effectiveness of @entity6 decision aids in these practices. We will also better understand the factors that promote or inhibit the successful implementation and normalization of medication choice decision aids in the care of chronic @entity1 in primary care practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00388050.

title: The impact of decision aids to enhance shared decision making for XXXX (the DAD study): protocol of a cluster randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 not offered screening mammography reported higher levels of negative psychosocial aspects than @entity1 offered screening. This was demonstrated in a questionnaire survey where 1000 @entity1 were included: 500 @entity1 living in areas where the public authorities had never offered screening mammography and 500 @entity1 living in areas where @entity1 had been invited to screening mammography for >10 years. After this baseline survey, nationwide screening mammography was implemented. The aim of this follow-up study was to resurvey the 1000 @entity1 and to investigate if the identified difference in reported psychosocial aspects had disappeared or been reduced because of the nationwide screening implementation. METHODS: The 1000 @entity1 included in the previous survey were posted part I of the questionnaire Consequences of Screening in @entity0 (COS-BC1) in August 2011, nearly 5 years after they received the COS-BC1 the first time. RESULTS: A total of 677 @entity1 returned the questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in reported psychosocial aspects. @entity1 new to screening reported less negative psychosocial aspects compared with the previous survey. CONCLUSION: An implementation of a screening mammography programme provides reassurance for those @entity1 invited to the screening. This reassurance is in contrast to the unbalanced proportion between the intended benefits and the unintended harms of the screening programme.

title: XXXX and reassurance.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer screening implementation']


abstract: @entity12392 ( @entity37815 ) is a 23-kDa isoform of one of the subunits of myosin, a protein involved in muscle contraction. @entity37815 is presently being studied as a biomarker of cardiac @entity39 to predict drug-induced @entity1370 , and in the work presented here, an LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 assay was developed and validated to measure @entity37815 in rat serum. The key steps in this approach involved immunoaffinity purification of @entity37815 from serum followed by on-bead digestion with trypsin to release a surrogate peptide. This tryptic peptide was quantified using a synthetic peptide standard and a corresponding stable isotope-labeled internal standard, and the results were stoichiometrically converted to @entity37815 serum concentrations. @entity37815 concentrations were corrected for peptide recovery following immunoprecipitation and digestion (85%) and showed excellent agreement with synthetic peptide standards. Both the synthetic peptide and His- @entity37815 protein were used to evaluate assay accuracy (% RE) and precision (% CV), which were measured on each of 3 days. The synthetic peptide was evaluated over the range of 0.073-7.16 nM, while @entity37815 protein QC samples prepared in rat serum were evaluated over the range of 0.13-6.62 nM. To prepare control matrix, endogenous @entity37815 was immunodepleted from pooled rat serum. Peptide interday accuracy and precision did not exceed 7.6 and 11.1%, and @entity37815 interday accuracy and precision did not exceed 12.9 and 13.2%, respectively. Data are presented from the application of this assay to establish a time course in which @entity35 demonstrated a marked increase in @entity37815 serum concentrations following administration of @entity3044 , a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist known to induce @entity299 . This assay is an example of a larger effort in our laboratory to use LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 in conjunction with immunoaffinity techniques to evaluate candidate biomarkers of @entity137 and to expedite the development of biomarker assays for drug development.

title: Strategic use of immunoprecipitation and LC/ XXXX / @entity15 for trace-level protein quantification: @entity12392 , a biomarker of cardiac @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['target organ toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The anatomical and functional results of pubovaginal sling procedure using @entity7502 mesh were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 with stress @entity322 , including 26 with type 2, 7 with mixed type 2/3 and 17 with type 3 disease, underwent the pubovaginal sling procedure using @entity7502 mesh. A self-fashioned 2 cm. @entity7502 mesh sling was used in all cases. The slings were fixed without @entity2701 at each side of the @entity1494 . The sling was further suspended to elevate the @entity1494 in @entity1 with type 2 disease and those with a hypermobile bladder base, while it was placed without further @entity2701 in those with type 3 disease and those with a nonmobile bladder base. After the operation video urodynamics and transrectal sonography were done to evaluate functional and anatomical results. RESULTS: At a median followup of 24 months 42 @entity1 were cured, 6 had improvement and treatment had failed in 2. Although the maximum flow rate increased, no changes were noted in detrusor pressure, post-void residual urine or cystometric capacity at month 3. Transrectal sonography revealed that mean sling width plus or minus standard deviation had decreased to 13.5 +/- 3.3 mm. at 3 months. The endopelvic fascia was thicker in @entity1 with type 2 than in those with types 2/3 or 3 disease (mean 5.3 +/- 1.5 versus 3.5 +/- 1.3 mm., p = 0.001). The position of @entity1494 on video urodynamics was elevated a mean of 2.01 +/- 2.01 and 3.07 +/- 2.07 cm. compared to baseline elevation during resting and straining, respectively (p = 0). No @entity8018 was noted while the @entity1 coughed and no kinking of the urethra was observed while they performed the Valsalva maneuver. @entity1344 resolved in 6 of 8 @entity1 (75%) and new onset detrusor instability was noted in 7 (14%). In 2 @entity1 with persistent stress @entity322 a repeat sling procedure was necessary to treat type 3 disease and cure @entity322 . The overall success rate was 96%. One @entity1 with sling erosion into the vaginal wall was treated with simple revision. CONCLUSIONS: Fixation of a @entity7502 mesh sling at the @entity1494 and adequate suspension may effectively achieve a hammock effect without creating @entity1876 in @entity1 with types 2 and 2/3 stress @entity322 . The anatomical and functional results of this study show that a well suspended @entity1494 did not create @entity1876 after a pubovaginal sling procedure using @entity7502 mesh.

title: Anatomical and functional results of pubovaginal sling procedure using @entity7502 mesh for the treatment of stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity5 is one of the most common gynecological @entity5 in Iranian @entity1 . This study was initiated to assess whether the combination of @entity1311 and @entity900 with radiation might feasible for these @entity1 . The aim was to assess @entity5 response and @entity137 of weekly @entity900 and @entity1311 along with radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 . @entity1 with primary @entity957 with FIGO stages @entity3847 to IIIB were treated with weekly injections of @entity900 30 mg/m2 and @entity1311 35 mg/m2 for 5-6 weeks along with radiotherapy. A total of 25 @entity1 were enrolled in this study who completed the intended treatment. Disease was assessed prior to treatment by pelvic examination and contrast enhanced MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Response was assessed 1 month after completion of treatment by physical examination and 3 months after also by MRI. @entity137 was assessed and was graded using RTOG grading. There was a complete response rate of 84% after 3 months. The major @entity137 was grade 1 and 2 @entity417 (92%). The mean duration of treatment was 58 days. In conclusion, combination chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1311 along with radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity957 of cervixwas well tolerated, in contrast to other studies, but it seems that there was no increase in @entity5 response and progression free survival with this treatment regimen.

title: Concurrent Chemoradiation with Weekly @entity1311 and @entity900 for Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ( @entity6864 ) plays a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte gene expression and is the receptor for the @entity12585 class of insulin-sensitizing drugs. The tissue expression and potential for regulation of @entity1 @entity6864 gene expression in vivo are unknown. We have cloned a partial @entity1 @entity6864 cDNA, and established an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous measurements of both PPAR gamma1 and PPAR gamma2 splice variants. Both gamma1 and gamma2 mRNAs were abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. PPAR gamma1 was detected at lower levels in liver and heart, whereas both gamma1 and gamma2 mRNAs were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. To examine the hypothesis that @entity28 is associated with abnormal adipose tissue expression of @entity6864 , we quantitated @entity6864 mRNA splice variants in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 14 lean and 24 @entity28 subjects. Adipose expression of @entity6864 2 mRNA was increased in @entity1 @entity28 (14.25 attomol PPAR gamma2/18S in @entity28 females vs 9.9 in lean, P = 0.003). This increase was observed in both male and females. In contrast, no differences were observed in PPAR gamma1/18S mRNA expression. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) between the ratio of PPAR gamma2/gamma1 and the body mass index of these @entity1 . We also observed sexually dimorphic expression with increased expression of both PPAR gamma1 and PPAR gamma2 mRNAs in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of @entity1 compared with @entity1 . To determine the effect of @entity353 on @entity6864 mRNA expression, seven additional @entity28 subjects were fed a low calorie diet (800 Kcal) until 10% @entity353 was achieved. Mean expression of adipose PPAR gamma2 mRNA fell 25% (P = 0.0250 after a 10% reduction in body weight), but then increased to pretreatment levels after 4 wk of weight maintenance. Nutritional regulation of PPAR gamma1 was not seen. In vitro experiments revealed a synergistic effect of insulin and @entity288 to induce @entity6864 expression in isolated @entity1 adipocytes in culture. We conclude that: (a) @entity1 @entity6864 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipose tissue, but lower level expression of both splice variants is seen in skeletal muscle; to an extent that is unlikely to be due to adipose contamination. (b) RNA derived from adipose tissue of @entity28 @entity1 has increased expression of @entity6864 2 mRNA, as well as an increased ratio of PPAR gamma2/gamma1 splice variants that is proportional to the BMI; (c) a low calorie diet specifically down-regulates the expression of PPAR gamma2 mRNA in adipose tissue of @entity28 @entity1 ; (d) insulin and @entity288 synergistically induce @entity6864 mRNA after in vitro exposure to isolated @entity1 adipocytes; and (e) the in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma2 mRNA levels is an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function, and could provide a molecular mechanism for alterations in adipocyte number and function in @entity28 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in @entity1 tissues. Effects of @entity28 , XXXX , and regulation by insulin and glucocorticoids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'PPAR gamma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of @entity3363 on the release of @entity3770 ( @entity21427 ) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six @entity1 who had @entity2175 . On one occasion each subject ingested a placebo with 200 ml water and a starch (50 g) pudding meal (400 ml) 30 minutes later. On another occasion an amylase inhibitor that retards intraluminal starch digestion was given with the water and starch. In normal subjects, water caused a moderate rise in @entity21427 plasma levels (16.9 (10.9) pg/ml; p less than 0.02) and ingestion of starch increased @entity21427 in a double peaked pattern. The mean increments of the peaks were 45.0 (15.2) pg/ml (p less than 0.02) and 41.1 (17.3) pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. In the @entity6 subjects, the @entity21427 concentrations did not increase in response to water. After ingestion of starch the @entity6 had two peaks of @entity21427 that were similar in magnitude, but the early postprandial peak was delayed significantly compared to normal subjects (37.5 (5.1) min v 23.4 (3.9) min; p less than 0.05). The amylase inhibitor (5 or 10 g) reduced the early postprandial @entity21427 peak by 79% (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 4 g of the inhibitor reduced the early @entity21427 peak by 58% (p less than 0.05) in the @entity6 . In both groups ingestion of the amylase inhibitor abolished the late @entity21427 peak (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, @entity1735 induced @entity21427 release is dependent on undisturbed intraluminal starch digestion.

title: XXXX digestion and release of @entity3770 in health and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: High dose @entity7839 treatment was given to 20 @entity1 with @entity1358 . Distant @entity3 occurred before the perifascial nephrectomy in 11 @entity1 and following nephrectomy in 9. Tumor @entity3141 content was analyzed by flow cytometry in 8 fresh samples from each @entity5 . Four @entity1 had homogeneously diploid @entity5 , 5 had @entity5 with diploid and aneuploid samples, and all 8 @entity5 samples were aneuploid in 10 @entity1 . @entity3141 analysis was unsuccessful in 1 @entity1 . One @entity1 with a diploid @entity5 died of an intercurrent disease. Three @entity1 (16 per cent) had objective remissions and 1 had a long-lasting stable disease. Of the 4 @entity1 with any response to @entity11796 treatment 3 had diploid @entity5 , and 1 had 8 diploid and 2 aneuploid samples in the @entity5 . The remaining 14 @entity1 showed no response to treatment and had progressive disease (11 of these @entity1 died within 14 months). All 14 @entity1 had @entity5 . The results indicate that @entity5 ploidy might be related to response to @entity11796 treatment. @entity3141 content seems to be an important parameter to consider in planning treatment of @entity1358 .

title: @entity3141 content and @entity11796 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid', 'Deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'aneuploid primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multidimensional impairment of older @entity1 may influence the clinical outcome of @entity697 . Our purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of a multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for predicting mortality risk in older @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ). METHODS: This prospective study included 134 hospitalized @entity1 aged 65 and older with a diagnosis of @entity497 . A standardized CGA that included information on clinical, cognitive, functional, and nutritional status as well as comorbidities, medications, and social support network was used to calculate MPI. The @entity55 severity index (PSI) was also calculated. The predictive value of the MPI for all cause mortality over a 1-year follow-up was evaluated and was compared with that of PSI. RESULTS: Higher MPI values were significantly associated with higher mortality at 30 days (Grade 1 = 3%, Grade 2 = 12%, Grade 3 = 44%, p < .001), 6 months (Grade 1 = 7%, Grade 2 = 21%, Grade 3 = 50%, p < .001), and 1 year (Grade 1 = 10%, Grade 2 = 33%, Grade 3 = 53%, p < .001). A close agreement was found between the estimated mortality by MPI and the observed mortality. MPI had a significant greater discriminatory power than PSI both at 30 days (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve = 0.83 vs 0.71, p = .019) and 6 months (0.79 vs 0.69, p = .035), but not after 1 year of follow-up (0.80 vs 0.75, p = .185). CONCLUSIONS: This MPI, calculated from information collected in a standardized CGA, accurately stratifies hospitalized elderly @entity1 with @entity497 into groups at varying risk of short- and long-term mortality. The predictive accuracy of the MPI was higher than the predictive value of the PSI.

title: The multidimensional prognostic index predicts short- and long-term mortality in hospitalized geriatric XXXX with @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There is little information as to the optimal use of @entity2656 . To determine the dose-response relationship, the osmotic gradient required, and the time course of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) reduction produced by @entity2656 , eight @entity1 with acute @entity542 were studied in whom @entity428 was monitored with a ventriculostomy and found to be elevated. Ventilation was controlled to a pCO2 of 25 +/- 3 mm Hg and all were paralyzed with Pavulon. None had received barbiturates. Before @entity2656 administration the intracranial volume-pressure response was determined. @entity2656 was administered as a bolus of 0.25 gm/kg, 0.5 gm/kg, and in six @entity1 , 1 gm/kg, separated by at least 8 hours. In all @entity1 the @entity428 reduction with 0.25 gm/kg (41.3 +/- 10.2 mm Hg leads to 16.4 +/- 5.6, p less than 0.01) was equivalent to that achieved with the larger doses. Serum osmolality rises of 10 mOsm or more were associated with a reduction in @entity428 . Much smaller doses than those previously recommended were effective in reducing the @entity428 acutely, although at 5 hours there was a trend toward persistent reduction when the larger dose is used. This trend was small and indicates that smaller and more frequent doses are as effective in reducing the @entity428 while avoiding the risk of osmotic disequilibrium and severe @entity2700 .

title: @entity2656 dose requirements in brain-injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity68 @entity75 are associated with several rare but severe neurodegenerative conditions. There is growing evidence that more common systemic @entity68 loading disorders such as @entity9595 can also have important effects on the brain. To identify features that are common across different forms of @entity9595 , we used microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess brain transcriptome profiles of @entity39740 mutant @entity19 ( @entity27632 ), a model of a rare type of @entity9595 , relative to wildtype control @entity19 . The results were compared with our previous findings in dietary @entity68 -supplemented wildtype @entity19 and Hfe(-/-) @entity19 , a model of a common type of @entity9595 . For transcripts showing significant changes relative to controls across all three models, there was perfect (100%) directional concordance (i.e. transcripts were increased in all models or decreased in all models). Comparison of the two models of @entity9595 , which showed more pronounced changes than the dietary @entity68 -supplemented @entity19 , revealed numerous common molecular effects. Pathway analyses highlighted changes for genes relating to long-term @entity308 (6.8-fold enrichment, p=5.4 10(-7)) and, to a lesser extent, long-term potentiation (3.7-fold enrichment, p=0.01), with generalized reductions in transcription of key genes from these pathways, which are involved in modulating synaptic strength and efficacy and are essential for memory and learning. The agreement across the models suggests the findings are robust and strengthens previous evidence that @entity68 loading disorders affect the brain. Perturbations of brain phenomena such as long-term @entity308 and long-term potentiation might partly explain @entity16 reported for some @entity9595 @entity1 .

title: Brain transcriptome perturbations in the @entity39740 mutant @entity19 support the case for brain changes in @entity68 loading disorders, including effects relating to long-term XXXX and long-term potentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities within the brain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) @entity859 is a potent inhibitor of stimulus/response coupling, as demonstrated by its adverse action on phagocytosis, degranulation and @entity26 radical production. Because this @entity2353 can reduce several cell functions by counteracting intracellular @entity460 ions ( @entity141 ), the present study investigates the effect of @entity859 on @entity26 radical production in @entity1 PMNL stimulated by @entity5037 ( @entity5037 ), zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and ionophore @entity3365 in a @entity141 -dependent manner, and stimulated by @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) and latex in a @entity141 -independent manner. The results demonstrate that all the @entity141 -dependent stimuli were concentration-dependently inhibited by @entity859 . In contrast, leukocyte stimulation by the @entity141 -independent activator @entity4515 was not affected by @entity859 . Surprisingly, radical formation stimulated by latex beads was concentration-dependently reduced by @entity859 . When intracellular @entity141 was modified by the ionophore clamping technique or the @entity141 -buffering capacity of @entity6028 , latex-induced radical formation could be separated into two parts, one showing @entity141 -dependent and the other @entity141 -independent activation. In the presence of intracellular @entity141 , @entity859 exerted a strong inhibition on the latex-induced cell activation but failed to inhibit in the @entity141 -depleted state. In order to elucidate a direct reduction of @entity141 as the underlying mechanism of @entity859 -mediated inhibition, intracellular @entity141 was measured in PMNL by @entity6028 fluorescence. When PMNL were activated by latex, @entity5037 and ionophore @entity3365 , @entity859 significantly reduced the stimulated rise in intracellular @entity141 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regulation of XXXX radical production of @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes by @entity859 : the role of @entity460 .

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine', 'fMet-Leu-Phe']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aged vocal folds are characterized by @entity194 , which causes @entity7364 and is difficult to treat. We have revealed a therapeutic potential of @entity540 ( @entity540 ) for tissue regeneration of the aged vocal fold. We report here the first @entity1 case that has been treated with @entity540 . STUDY DESIGN: Institutional review board approved clinical @entity1 trial. METHODS: A 63-year-old @entity1 with atrophied vocal folds was treated by local injection of 10 muicrog of @entity540 into the left vocal fold under topical anesthesia. The effects of the injection were examined after 1 to 3 months by videostroboscopy, acoustic and aerodynamic measurements. RESULTS: The @entity194 of the vocal fold was improved at 1 week after the injection and glottic gap disappeared. Aerodynamic and acoustic parameters also showed remarkable improvement. These positive effects were maintained up to 3 months. CONCLUSION: The first case with aged vocal folds treated with @entity540 administration is presented. The results are encouraging, suggesting therapeutic effects of @entity540 for atrophied vocal folds in @entity1 .

title: Regeneration of aged vocal fold: first XXXX case treated with fibroblast growth factor.

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'atrophy of the mucosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity44329 ( @entity44330 ) is a commercial plasticizer with low @entity137 in many animal studies. The effects of dietary @entity44330 administration on fertility and developmental parameters were assessed in @entity35 utilizing two generation reproductive @entity137 studies generally consistent with current regulatory guidelines. Dietary levels ranged from 0.02 to 0.8% (or approximately 15 to 600 mg/kg/day). In the reproductive studies, there were no effects on fertility, but there were decreases in adult body weight along with corresponding @entity409 and histopathologic changes indicative of peroxisomal proliferation. There were no effects on live birth index, but reduced offspring survival was observed at postnatal days 1 to 4. This reduced survival was more pronounced in the F2 generation in which statistical significance was achieved at levels of 0.2% @entity44330 and greater. There were also transient decreases in offspring body weights prior to weaning, corresponding to rapid offspring growth, and high levels of food consumption. There were no notable alterations in developmental landmarks. Overall, these studies provided experimentally defined No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels (NOAELs) of 0.06% (approximately 50 mg/kg/day) for F2 offspring survival and 0.8% (approximately 600 mg/kg/day) for fertility, other measures of reproductive function, and developmental landmarks. Statistical evaluation of the data from both studies identified 108 mg/kg/day with a 95% lower bound value of 86 mg/kg/day as a theoretical NOAEL for reduced F2 offspring survival.

title: Two-generation reproduction studies in @entity35 fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increases in liver and kidney weights']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity44329 :: ('MESH:C042080', 'Chemical') :: ['Di-isodecyl phthalate']

answer: @entity44329 :: (MESH:C042080,Chemical) :: ['di-isodecyl phthalate']


abstract: AIM: To characterize longitudinal patterns of substance use across a large sample of @entity146 @entity1 discharged from inpatient admission, followed for 1-year post-hospitalization. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Kansas City, MO, USA; Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Worcester, MA, USA. @entity1 : Eight hundred and one @entity161 -spectrum (n = 204), @entity162 (n = 137) and @entity308 (n = 460) @entity1 from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. MEASUREMENTS: Symptoms, functioning, drug/ @entity167 use assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning, and substance use interviews. FINDINGS: @entity1 used @entity167 (67.0%; n = 540) and @entity835 (30.0%; n = 237) more frequently than other substances up to 30 days before admission, and those with @entity308 and @entity161 -spectrum used @entity4521 more than individuals with @entity162 (P = 0.023). Post-hospitalization, @entity1 using @entity167 (B =   -0.15, P < 0.001) and @entity835 (B =   -0.27, P < 0.001) decreased, but patterns varied across diagnosis and genders. @entity1 using @entity835 decreased at greater rates in @entity308 and @entity161 -spectrum compared with @entity162 (all P < 0.05), and more @entity1 used @entity167 (B = 0.76, P < 0.001) and @entity835 (B = 1.56, P < 0.001) than @entity1 . Cannabis (B = 1.65, P < 0.001) and @entity167 (B = 1.04, P = 0.002) were associated with higher symptomatology; @entity835 (B =   -2.33, P < 0.001) and @entity167 (B =   -1.45, P = 0.012) were associated with lower functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Substance use is frequent and associated with poor recovery in @entity1 with serious @entity1032 recently discharged from @entity146 . Addiction treatments personalized by diagnosis and gender may be effective for improving outcomes in @entity1 with serious @entity1032 .

title: Characterizing the longitudinal patterns of substance use among individuals diagnosed with serious @entity1032 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric hospitalization']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric hospitalization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early parental @entity204 is one of the most stressful childhood life events and may influence subsequent psychological health. We investigated the association between early parental loss and risk of hospitalization for an @entity1316 in adulthood. METHODS: Our nationwide register-based cohort study comprises 1,225,660 @entity1 born in Denmark in 1970-1990, of whom 138,893 experienced the @entity204 of a parent before the age of 30 years. Follow-up for hospitalization for an @entity1316 in the period 1990-2009 yielded 15,261,058 @entity1 -years and 19,867 hospitalizations for @entity1316 (bereaved n = 2,644; nonbereaved n = 17,223). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for hospitalization with an @entity1316 according to early parental @entity204 . RESULTS: @entity1 who experienced early parental @entity204 had an increased risk of hospitalization for a @entity74 ( @entity1 : HR= 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.44; @entity1 : 1.23; 1.17-1.30). Stronger associations were observed for parental @entity204 caused by suicide than for other causes. For @entity162 , an increased risk of hospitalization was observed only after suicide. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who had lost a parent had an increased risk of hospitalization for @entity1316 . Although this was particularly true for bereavement due to parental suicide, it was also found for parental @entity204 from other causes. In contrast, an increased risk of hospitalization for @entity162 was observed only after parental suicide.

title: Early parental @entity204 and risk of hospitalization for XXXX in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar affective disorder', 'affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar disorder']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorder']


abstract: Anal canal @entity189 account for between 1% and 2% of all @entity1820 in the United States. By far, the most common @entity189 in this site is @entity957 , but the differential diagnosis typically includes poorly differentiated @entity5 or @entity5 . Because the first diagnostic specimen received in the pathology laboratory is usually a small, sometimes suboptimal biopsy, the distinction of these types of @entity189 can be difficult. However, accurate diagnosis is imperative, because the treatment differs between @entity957 (chemoradiation) and the other types of @entity189 (surgical therapy). The @entity4206 protein has been previously shown to be involved in epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and is known to be related to @entity957 in many sites. Therefore, we undertook to ascertain its usefulness in the diagnosis of @entity957 in the anal canal. We retrieved 24 anal @entity957 , 68 @entity14 (including a tissue microarray), and 32 @entity14 from the archives at the University of Michigan, and immunostained them for the @entity4206 antigen. As a result, this immunohistochemical stain had a specificity of 98% and a positive predictive value of 92% for @entity957 once @entity189 had been established. It also stained the @entity6349 epithelial cells in adjacent areas of @entity5436 . We report that the @entity4206 immunostain is a highly specific and useful tool in the diagnosis of @entity189 of the anal canal.

title: Immunohistochemical staining for XXXX is useful in the diagnosis of @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['anal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity4206 :: (8626,Gene) :: ['p63']


abstract: @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ), found exclusively in @entity1 , is characterised by a global deceleration of psychomotor development, loss of acquired speech, loss of manual skills and subsequent deceleration of head growth. The cause of this syndrome is so far unknown. To date there are no biological markers for @entity6694 ; clinical diagnostic criteria were proposed by the Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group 1988. The first objective of this study was to assay the levels of very long-chain @entity1718 (VLCFA), i.e. C22:0, C24:0, C26:0, by gas chromatography in sera of 30 @entity1 with @entity6694 . The VLCFA levels in the studied group were lower than the reference range for healthy @entity1 and control group. VLCFA levels were again measured after 2 months of @entity6211 administration in the same groups. VLCFA levels had increased. It is possible that the low VLCFA levels have some relation to the lowered @entity6211 levels. It may be that low @entity6211 levels impede transportation to mitochondria, thus the oxidation of long-chain @entity1718 is inhibited, and compensated to a certain extent by intensified beta-oxidation of VLCFA in the peroxisomal system. Raising @entity6211 levels could improve substrate delivery for mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain @entity1718 , thus reducing the use of VLCFA as substrates for beta-oxidation. We consider VLCFA to be secondary to the pathogenesis of @entity6694 , but the possible abnormalities in their levels may provide an insight into the development of this disease. CONCLUSION: Very long-chain @entity844 and @entity6211 levels are decreased in @entity6694 L- @entity6211 administration increased very long-chain @entity844 levels in serum.

title: Very long-chain XXXX in @entity6694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine', 'carnitine', 'Carnitine']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: By using a model of coxsackievirus B4-induced disease, the question of whether @entity3145 is due to the virus or to immune-mediated mechanisms was addressed. Both viral replication and T-cell function were implicated in contributing to the severity of disease. Three stages (I to III) of disease, which correspond to periods of high viral titers, low viral titers, and no infectious virus, have been identified. Stage I disease is considered to be primarily the result of viral replication. Immunopathological mechanisms appear to contribute to the severity of @entity5 . To investigate the role of T cells in contributing to the severity of disease, @entity1800 in CD8 knockout (ko) @entity19 and @entity1961 ko @entity19 was analyzed. CD8 T-cell responses appear to be beneficial during early, @entity1800 but detrimental in later disease when viral titers are diminishing. @entity1961 ko @entity19 , unlike the parental strain, survived @entity281 . Viral replication was lower in the @entity1961 ko @entity19 . Was survival due to decreased viral replication or to the lack of T-helper-cell function? To investigate further the role of T helper cells in contributing to @entity3145 , @entity1800 in two additional ko strains ( @entity58 [ @entity58 ] ko and gamma interferon ko strains) was examined. A clear correlation between viral replication and the outcome of @entity281 was not observed. The absence of @entity58 , which may influence T-helper-cell subset development, was advantageous during early @entity1800 but deleterious in later disease. The results suggest that T-cell-mediated immunity is both beneficial and detrimental during coxsackievirus B4 @entity281 .

title: T cells contribute to disease severity during coxsackievirus B4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and III disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection', 'viral disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of new-onset Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)-induced @entity4614 in large cohort of @entity977 @entity1 with long-term follow-up are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the outcomes of SRS for @entity977 @entity1 with regard to newly developed @entity4614 . METHODS: This was a retrospective review of @entity1 treated with SRS at the University of Virginia between 1994 and 2006. A total of 262 @entity1 with a @entity977 treated with SRS were reviewed. Thorough endocrine assessment was performed immediately before SRS and in regular follow-ups. Assessment consisted of 24-hour urine free @entity701 ( @entity1 with @entity4923 ), serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, @entity701 , follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, @entity2124 , @entity251 ( @entity1 ), @entity4090 , thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free T(4). RESULTS: Endocrine remission occurred in 144 of 199 @entity1 with a functioning @entity652 . Tumor control rate was 89%. Eighty @entity1 experienced at least 1 axis of new-onset SRS-induced @entity4614 . The new @entity4614 rate was 30% based on endocrine follow-up ranging from 6 to 150 months; the actuarial rate of new @entity7961 was 31.5% at 5 years after SRS. On univariate and multivariate analyses, variables regarding the increased risk of @entity4614 included suprasellar extension and higher radiation dose to the @entity5 margin; there were no correlations among @entity5 volume, prior transsphenoidal adenomectomy, prior radiation therapy, and age at SRS. CONCLUSION: SRS provides an effective and safe treatment option for @entity1 with a @entity977 . Higher margin radiation dose to the @entity652 and suprasellar extension were 2 independent predictors of SRS-induced @entity4614 .

title: @entity4614 after stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Syntaxins 1 through 4 are @entity44256 ( @entity44256 ) proteins that mediate vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. In retina, @entity44257 are expressed at conventional and ribbon synapses, respectively, suggesting that synaptic trafficking functions differ among syntaxin isoforms. To better understand syntaxins in synaptic signaling and trafficking, we further examined the cell- and synapse-specific expression of syntaxins 1 through 4 in the @entity19 retina by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Each isoform was expressed in the retina and showed a unique distribution in the synaptic layers of the retina, with little or no colocalization of isoforms. Syntaxin 1 was present in amacrine cell bodies and processes and conventional presynaptic terminals in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). @entity10953 was present in amacrine cells and their processes in the IPL, but showed little colocalization with syntaxin 1 or other presynaptic markers. @entity44257 was found in glutamatergic photoreceptor and bipolar cell ribbon synapses, but was absent from putative conventional glutamatergic amacrine cell synapses. Syntaxin 4 was localized to horizontal cell processes in the ribbon synaptic complexes of photoreceptor terminals and in puncta in the IPL that contacted dopaminergic and @entity11823 -positive amacrine cells. @entity10953 often were apposed to synaptic active zones labeled for bassoon. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that each syntaxin isoform has unique, non-redundant functions in synaptic signaling and trafficking. @entity44257 mediate presynaptic transmitter release from conventional and ribbon synapses, respectively. @entity10953 are not presynaptic and likely mediate post-synaptic trafficking.

title: Distribution of plasma membrane-associated syntaxins 1 through 4 indicates distinct trafficking functions in the synaptic layers of the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity44257 :: ('20908(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Syntaxins 1 and 3', 'Syntaxin 3', 'syntaxins 1 and 3']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Published literature relevant to comparison of various inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) was reviewed. Marked heterogeneity was found in the reported results. The efficacy and side effects of ICSs depend on their formulation, dosing and device used, and the subjects' age, severity of @entity565 , and inhaler technique. All these factors have not been included uniformly in most study designs. Notwithstanding this limitation, it appears that @entity5023 is generally very effective and safe in low-to-medium doses and may be used for most @entity1 . @entity4184 is the only Pregnancy Category B ICSs, all others being Category C, and it is available as nebulizer suspension suitable for use in @entity1 over 6 months of age. @entity4184 , also available as dry powder inhaler, and @entity2715 , available as metered-dose inhaler, are equal in efficacy, and side effects and may be chosen according to the @entity1 's ability to handle the device. @entity17013 causes fewer side effects but is also relatively less effective. @entity2713 is generally less effective and causes more side effects than most of the other ICSs. @entity10438 may be preferred if once-daily dosing is desired. @entity10924 has been found highly effective in once-daily dose and without side effects even in high doses. Further studies comparing it with other ICSs over longer periods of use will determine its place in treatment of chronic @entity565 .

title: Evidence-based selection of inhaled corticosteroid for treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity17013 :: ('MESH:C007734', 'Chemical') :: ['Flunisolide']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['Mometasone']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['Triamcinolone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: With the aim of assessing if biochemical changes occur in the follow up of @entity1 with @entity8 , 237 @entity1 were studied (115 @entity1 and 122 @entity1 , mean age 39 +/- 8 and 42 +/- 7 years, respectively) and controlled during 27.3 +/- 19.3 months. All of them had previously undergone metabolic evaluations at baseline and one or more than one control studies afterwards. @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity8 , @entity8 , @entity459 , anatomical @entity600 of the urinary tract, or urinary infections were not included. Two populations were identified: those who presented changes in the baseline diagnosis (139 @entity1 , Group I) and those who presented no changes (98 @entity1 , Group II). In these groups, no differences were observed in baseline metabolic diagnoses or in the follow-up period. Hypocitraturia was the additional diagnosis most frequently observed (43.1%), followed by Idiopatic @entity5200 (20.8%) and abnormalities of @entity414 (16.5%). In the group of 110 @entity1 followed up for more than 3 years, 37 @entity1 recurred (33%). Among the latter, 25 (23%) changed the baseline metabolic diagnosis vs. 12 (11%) that maintained the same diagnosis (p < 0.002). Changes in @entity209 were frequently observed in the follow up of @entity1 with @entity1790 . These changes are not necessarily associated with the diet indicated or drug treatment. Hypocitraturia was the additional @entity209 most frequently found. In general, there is a higher recurrence rate in those @entity1 who present changes in their biochemical parameters and undergo no treatment.

title: [ XXXX . Biochemical changes in the follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sponge kidney', 'renal tubular acidosis', 'renal lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal lithiasis']


abstract: Nestmate recognition plays a key role in kin selection to maintain colony integrity in social insects. Previous studies have demonstrated that nestmate recognition is dependent on detection of cuticular @entity9436 . However, the absence of intraspecific @entity146 between some colonies of Isoptera and social Hymenoptera questions whether kin recognition must occur in social insects. The purpose of this study was to determine if cuticular @entity7294 similarity and high genetic relatedness could explain the lack of intraspecific @entity146 among and within colonies of the introduced subterranean termite @entity44133 . We performed both GC analysis of cuticular @entity9436 and genotyping by using 10 DNA microsatellite loci on the same 10 workers from each of 14 parisian colonies. Multivariate analyses demonstrated correspondence between cuticular @entity7294 patterns and genetic variation. By using a redundancy analysis combining chemical and genetic data, we found that a few @entity9436 (mainly short vs. long chains; saturated vs. unsaturated alkanes) were associated with most genetic variation. We also found a strong positive correlation between chemical and genetic distances between colonies, thus providing evidence of a genetic basis for cuticular @entity7294 variation. However, genetic distance did not account for all chemical variation, thus suggesting that some @entity7294 variation was environmentally derived. Investigation at the intracolony level indicated that cuticular @entity9436 did not depend on colony social structure. Based on our findings, we speculate that the absence of intraspecific @entity146 in @entity44133 may result from a loss of diversity in genetically derived recognition compounds in this species that presumably descended from @entity39017 populations imported from North America.

title: Cuticular @entity7294 composition reflects genetic relationship among colonies of the introduced termite XXXX feytaud.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity44133 :: ('127387', 'Species') :: ['R. santonensis', 'Reticulitermes santonensis']

answer: @entity44133 :: (127387,Species) :: ['Reticulitermes santonensis']


abstract: @entity1 breast tissue can give rise to @entity1373 , @entity1373 , and in @entity2735 originating in a terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU). These entities are associated with increased risk of subsequent development of @entity189 . @entity1 @entity0 arise via intermediate steps known as precursor or @entity75 . However, it is difficult to perform stepwise observation of the progression of @entity1 @entity0 . @entity19 mammary tissue can give rise to several characteristic types of @entity1373 and @entity5 , originating in a duct or acinus, that progress to @entity189 . Three specific types of @entity19 mammary lesion with premalignant potential have been identified: @entity133 ( @entity133 ), plaque (PLQ), and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). These lesions partially resemble @entity1 precursor lesions, and clarification of similarities and differences between the @entity1 and @entity19 lesions could improve our understanding of @entity1 breast carcinogenesis. Some invasive @entity0 acquire metastatic potential and may cause the death of the @entity1 . Because the most malignant aspect of @entity5 is @entity3 , recognition of metastatic phenotypes is particularly important. @entity19 mammary @entity189 rarely metastasize, but there exist @entity19 models of @entity3 of @entity189 . In the present review article, we describe morphological, biological, and molecular aspects of @entity75 of @entity19 , and we discuss their metastatic phenotypes.

title: Multistep XXXX mammary tumorigenesis through pre- @entity5 to @entity5 and acquisition of metastatic potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['situ carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'DH', 'premalignant hyperplasia', 'ductal hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic alveolar nodule', 'HAN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The interaction between platelets and @entity5 cells is important in the formation of @entity358 . We previously established the 8F11 monoclonal antibody (mAb) by immunizing @entity35 with the NL-17 cell line, a highly metastatic variant of @entity19 @entity694 26. 8F11 could inhibit the @entity1423 in vitro and suppress the @entity358 in vivo by NL-17 cells. 8F11 recognized the Mr 44,000 sialoglycoprotein (gp44) on NL-17 cells, and the affinity-purified gp44 alone could induce @entity1423 . Therefore, 8F11 might inhibit gp44-induced @entity1423 by masking the epitope of gp44 that interacted with unknown molecule(s) on the platelet surface. To identify the platelet antigen that interacted with gp44, we generated anti-idiotype mAbs by immunizing @entity35 with 8F11. Two of the established mAbs, @entity43526 and @entity43527 , recognized not only 8F11 but also the Mr 160,000 platelet surface protein. @entity43527 mAb could also inhibit the NL-17 cell-induced @entity1423 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment of @entity19 with @entity43527 mAb suppressed the @entity358 of NL-17 cells in vivo. These results suggest that the Mr 160,000 platelet antigen participates in the NL-17 cell-induced @entity1423 and colonization of NL-17 cells in the lung by interacting with the gp44 of NL-17 cells.

title: Suppression of experimental lung colonization of XXXX @entity694 26 in vivo by an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody recognizing a platelet surface molecule.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Although some recent research has indicated reduced performance monitoring in @entity1 with @entity161 , the literature on this topic shows some remarkable inconsistencies. While most studies suggest diminished error signals following error responses, some studies reported normal @entity73 , while others reported @entity73 . Here we review these studies and highlight the most important discrepancies. Furthermore, we argue that overall error rates are a mostly neglected issue that can at least partly explain these discrepancies. It has been reported previously that @entity73 depends on the error rates. @entity1 or @entity1 that make more errors are likely to show @entity73 . Therefore, when a group of @entity1 is compared to a group of controls, it is extremely important to match error rates. For this purpose, we developed a procedure where we matched individuals' error rates. In a task where subjects had to press a response key corresponding to one of four colors we manipulated the difficulty on an individual basis by varying the discriminability between the colors. @entity161 @entity1 and a group of controls were tested with this procedure showing that differences in accuracy disappear. Interestingly, we can see that in @entity1 , the color values that were needed to reach similar levels of accuracy correlate with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale, with higher PANSS requiring more color. Most important, we found that @entity161 @entity1 have increased rather than @entity73 when the inter-trial interval (ITI) is short. This result can be interpreted within the framework of the orienting account, as it has been demonstrated previously that @entity161 @entity1 show increased distractibility.

title: Increased orienting to unexpected action outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['post-error slowing', 'reduced post-error slowing', 'decreased post-error slowing']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Strong evidence suggests that @entity2383 , which leads to disturbed energy metabolism and stimulated apoptosis, is a linchpin in the induction and manifestation of @entity712 . An adequate exchange of @entity855 and @entity857 over the inner mitochondrial membrane by the @entity1708 translocase (ANT) is thereby essential to guarantee the cellular energy supply. METHODS AND RESULTS: To explore the effect of an ameliorated mitochondrial @entity855 / @entity857 transportation on @entity299 , we generated transgenic @entity35 overexpressing @entity35951 in the heart (ANT @entity35 ) and crossed them with renin-overexpressing @entity35 (REN @entity35 ) suffering from @entity101 -induced @entity299 . Cardiac-specific @entity35951 overexpression resulted in a higher @entity855 / @entity857 transportation and elevated activities of respiratory chain complexes. Increased ANT activity in double-transgenic (ANT/REN) animals did not influence excessive @entity101 seen in REN @entity35 . @entity101 -induced @entity1283 in the REN @entity35 was prevented by parallel @entity35951 overexpression, however, and left ventricular function remarkably improved. The @entity35951 overexpression led to a reduction in @entity82 and an improvement in cardiac tissue architecture. Consequently, the survival rate of ANT/REN @entity35 was enhanced. Further investigations into the cardioprotective mechanism of @entity35951 overexpression revealed improved mitochondrial structure and function and significantly reduced apoptosis in ANT/REN @entity35 , shown by lowered cytosolic/mitochondrial cytochrome c ratio, reduced @entity4124 level, and prevented DNA degradation. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial @entity35951 overexpression protects against @entity101 -induced cardiac pathology. Thus, the improvement in mitochondrial function may be a basic principle for new strategies in treating @entity299 .

title: Accelerated mitochondrial @entity857 / @entity855 transport improves @entity101 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'heart disease', 'cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial malfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a critical complication in @entity1398 @entity1 . Recurrent @entity3 is especially associated with high mortality. Therefore, secondary prophylaxis is important in @entity1 with a history of @entity3 . We retrospectively assessed the effect of secondary prophylaxis for @entity3 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 46 hematology @entity1 who developed possible, probable, or proven @entity3 according to the EORTC/MSG criteria between 2005 and 2009, and who subsequently underwent chemotherapy (n = 30) or stem cell transplantation (n = 16). RESULTS: Ten @entity1 developed recurrent @entity3 within 10 days after recovery from @entity1398 . None of the 15 @entity1 who achieved complete response (CR) of @entity3 experienced recurrent @entity3 . Among @entity1 who did not achieve CR of @entity3 , multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors: female sex (hazard ratio (HR) 7.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.38-21.9, p = 0.00047), high serum C-reactive protein level (>=  1 mg/dl) at the beginning of subsequent therapy (HR 4.46, 95% CI 1.51-13.2, p = 0.007), and the use of @entity1331 (HR 12.0, 95% CI 2.03-71.2, p = 0.0061) or @entity2379 (HR 16.5, 95% CI 1.56-174, p = 0.020) for secondary prophylaxis (reference: @entity5074 ). CONCLUSIONS: Three risk factors for recurrent @entity3 were identified. However, a prospective controlled trial is required to evaluate the impact of secondary prophylactic regimens.

title: Retrospective assessment of secondary prophylaxis for invasive aspergillosis in @entity1398 hematology XXXX and identification of risk factors for relapse of fungal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bleeding and @entity245 of @entity1066 are well recognized clinical problems associated with the use of @entity117 and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which have been attributed to their antiaggregatory effects on platelets. We hypothesized that antiplatelet drugs might interfere with gastric @entity1066 by suppressing the release of growth factors, such as @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ), from platelets. @entity2275 were induced in @entity35 by serosal application of @entity1543 . Daily oral treatment with vehicle, @entity117 , or @entity1396 (an @entity857 receptor antagonist) was started 3 days later and continued for 1 week. Ulcer induction resulted in a significant increase in serum levels of @entity6667 and a significant decrease in serum levels of @entity42935 (an antiangiogenic factor). Although both @entity117 and @entity1396 markedly suppressed @entity1423 , only @entity1396 impaired gastric @entity1066 and angiogenesis as well as reversing the @entity1066 -associated changes in serum levels of @entity6667 and @entity42935 . The effects of @entity1396 on @entity1066 and angiogenesis were mimicked by immunodepletion of circulating platelets, and @entity1396 did not influence @entity1066 when given to @entity882 @entity35 . Incubation of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells with serum from @entity1396 -treated @entity35 significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, effects reversed by an antibody directed against @entity42935 . @entity1396 treatment resulted in increased platelet @entity42935 content and release. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of platelets to the regulation of gastric @entity1066 . Such effects likely are mediated through the release from platelets of @entity42935 and possibly @entity6667 . As shown with @entity1396 , drugs that influence gastric @entity1066 may do so in part through altering the ability of platelets to release growth factors.

title: Platelets modulate gastric @entity1066 : role of XXXX and @entity6667 release.

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity42935 :: ('MESH:D043169', 'Chemical') :: ['endostatin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity42935 :: (MESH:D043169,Chemical) :: ['endostatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the nature of periorbital @entity130 after pit bull attacks. While these attacks have been well-characterized in the popular media, no case series has documented the ophthalmic manifestations of this @entity130 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of pit bull terrier attacks that presented to the oculoplastic and orbital surgery service at Albany Medical Center between 2008 and 2011. The age, gender, extent of the injuries, care provided, follow up interval, and complication rate were evaluated for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified, with a mean age of 17.2 years. Six of the seven @entity1 were in the pediatric age group. All @entity1 @entity4551 , and only one @entity1 had additional injuries. Four @entity1 (57.2%) suffered a @entity4551 . Despite the lack of post-operative oral antibiotic use, no @entity1 developed a wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: In the ophthalmic setting, pit bull terrier attacks most frequently involve @entity1 and result in eyelid lacerations. @entity130 are common after these attacks.

title: Periorbital XXXX from pit bull terrier attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['canalicular laceration', 'suffered eyelid lacerations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Canalicular injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to achieve universal health coverage, the government of Anambra State, southeast Nigeria has distributed free Long-lasting Insecticide treated Nets (LLINs) to the general population and delivered free @entity507 -based Combination Therapy (ACT) to pregnant @entity1 and @entity1 less than 5 years. However, the levels of coverage with LLINS and ACTs is not clear, especially coverage of different socio-economic status (SES) population groups. This study was carried out to determine the level of coverage and access to LLINs and ACTs amongst different SES groups. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to collect data from randomly selected households in 19 local government areas of the State. Selected households had a pregnant @entity1 and/or a @entity1 less than 5 years. The lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) methodology was used in sampling. The questionnaire explored the availability and utilization of LLINs and ACTs from 2394 households. An asset-based SES index was used to examine the level of access of LLINS and ACTs to different SES quintiles. RESULTS: It was found that 80.5% of the households had an LLIN and 64.4% of the households stated that they actually used the nets the previous night. The findings showed that 42.3% of pregnant @entity1 who had fever within the past month received ACTs, while 37.5% of @entity1 <5 years old who had @entity311 in the past month had received ACTs. There was equity in ownership of nets for the range 1-5 nets per household. No significant SES difference was found in use of ACTs for treatment of @entity311 in @entity1 under five years old and in pregnant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The free distribution of LLINs and ACTs increased household coverage of both @entity311 control interventions and bridged the equity gap in access to them among the most vulnerable groups.

title: Examining equity in access to long-lasting insecticide nets and XXXX -based combination therapy in Anambra State, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'child']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['artemisinin']