abstract: @entity2 (BC), a variant of large cell, @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) can show features similar to @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) and @entity152 ( @entity152 ). Distinction from @entity4153 , especially on FNA, is therapeutically relevant. We describe cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of BC and @entity957 . Numerous cytologic features were documented in cytologic preparations. Similar features and architecture were evaluated in the resections. Immunohistochemical results were recorded. Histologically confirmed BC (n = 3) and @entity957 (n = 3) were included. Five FNAs of @entity4153 , (four with histologic follow-up) were studied for comparison of cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings. In cytologic preparations of BC/ @entity957 , cells were arranged mostly as tightly cohesive clusters (n = 4) or singly and in clusters (n = 2) with a predominance of clusters. Cytologic features of BC and @entity957 were similar: palisading (n = 6), crush artifact (n = 6), hyperchromasia (n = 5), focal nuclear molding (n = 6; very rare in 2/6), nucleoli, usually pinpoint (n = 3), scant cytoplasm (n = 6), @entity39 (n = 5), apoptosis (n = 4), squamous differentiation (n = 1). @entity957 tended to have occasional larger cells, including keratinizing cells in one case. Histologic sections (n = 6) showed neuroendocrine features, including organoid arrangements, nests, and palisading. BC and @entity957 show overlapping features with @entity4153 and @entity152 in cytological and histological specimens. Unlike SCCs, BC/ @entity957 lack prominent nuclear molding, show tightly cohesive cell clusters, and demonstrate palisading. However, immunostains were the very helpful and probably necessary to accurately diagnosing BC/ @entity957 , which show the immunostaining pattern of @entity4206 (+), HMWCK (+), and @entity10922 (-).

title: Cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of XXXX with basaloid features.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['BSQCC', 'basaloid squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell carcinoma', 'NSCC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary basaloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary carcinomas']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) produced by activated macrophages is the major cytotoxic molecule for in vitro @entity137 against @entity2330 trophozoites. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 ( @entity641 ) is a potent negative regulator of several macrophage functions, including NO production. In this study, we investigated the effect of @entity641 on macrophage @entity842 synthase (mac-NOS) mRNA expression and NO production for macrophage @entity137 against @entity2330 trophozoites. @entity641 by itself was incapable of inducing @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) amoebicidal activity and NO production (as measured by @entity3542 ). In contrast, @entity641 pretreatment (4 hr) primed BMM for an enhanced amoebicidal activity of 15% and 23% in response to (interferon-gamma) IFN-gamma+tumour @entity39 factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or IFN-gamma+lipopolysaccharide @entity558 , concomitant with increased NO production of 85% and 27%, respectively. @entity641 pretreatment increased NO production in response to IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha/ @entity558 stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By Northern blot analysis, the increased NO production of @entity641 -pretreated BMM was preceded by markedly enhanced expression of mac-NOS mRNA. The priming effect of @entity641 on NO production was critically dependent on both a TNF-alpha (> or = 100 U) and a @entity558 (> or = 100 ng) triggering dose in the presence of IFN-gamma. @entity641 pretreatment enhanced TNF-alpha mRNA expression, but had no effect on TNF-alpha production in culture supernatants after 4 hr of stimulation with IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha/ @entity558 ; however, at a later time-point (16-48 hr), even though the levels of TNF-alpha mRNA expression were unaffected, TNF-alpha production was reduced. These data demonstrate that @entity641 priming for increased mac-NOS mRNA expression for NO-dependent @entity137 against @entity2330 in response to IFN-gamma+TNF-alpha/ @entity558 stimulation may be involved in the modulation of a TNF-alpha triggering signal by @entity641 .

title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 primes macrophages for enhanced expression of the @entity842 synthase gene for @entity842 -dependent @entity137 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, where the @entity3318 -containing neurosecretory cells controlling the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) @entity2270 are located, receives a dense noradrenergic innervation from the A1 group of the caudal ventrolateral medulla. In the present study we studied the relationship between release of @entity1063 (NA) in the PVN and activation of the @entity774 in response to electrical stimulation of the A1 region. In the @entity4774 -anesthetized male @entity35 , extracellular NA in the PVN was monitored on line by electrochemical recording while the activity of the @entity774 was estimated by measurement of ACTH in blood samples. A 1 min, 10 Hz stimulation evoked a significant increase of extracellular NA in the PVN as well as an ACTH surge in blood. The NA and ACTH response evoked by stimulation in the 3- to 14-Hz range were found to be frequency dependent. However, whilst the NA response increased in an exponential manner with respect to frequency, the ACTH response appeared to plateau between 10 and 14 Hz. Specific lesions of the noradrenergic terminals in the PVN, by bilateral local administration of @entity2955 , markedly reduced the ACTH response to stimulation. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity5829 , a NA uptake inhibitor, enhanced the increase in extracellular NA evoked by submaximal stimulation about 2.5-fold but did not modify the corresponding ACTH response. Combined intracerebroventricular injection of alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, @entity5521 and @entity1169 respectively, did not prevent the ACTH response evoked by stimulation. Following stimulation of the caudal ventrolateral medulla, the ACTH response thus appears to result from the stimulation of the A1 noradrenergic group projecting to the PVN. However, the inability of pharmacological manipulations which enhance or block central noradrenergic transmission to influence the ACTH response suggests that the noradrenergic endings in the PVN originating from the A1 group use a transmitter other than NA to activate the @entity774 at the PVN level.

title: Evidence that activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal XXXX by electrical stimulation of the noradrenergic A1 group is not mediated by @entity1063 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propanolol']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylimipramine']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ) is an uncommon, heterogeneous @entity74 leading to high circulating levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity8 has been only described in a limited number of small studies. Herein, we report a rare case of renal @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) associated with @entity12692 and investigate the podocyte expression of @entity7 in the renal biopsy prior to initiation of treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old male presented with @entity221 , @entity294 , diffuse lymphadenopathy, @entity843 and @entity810 . Laboratory tests for @entity1381 and @entity2106 were negative. The kidney biopsy showed @entity9818 . An excisional lymph node biopsy was consistent with @entity12692 , plasma cell variant. Immunofluorescence staining showed suppressed podocyte @entity7 expression. Chemotherapy that inhibits production of inflammatory mediators including @entity650 and @entity7 led to complete recovery of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Our case illustrates a rare renal histological feature of @entity12692 . @entity650 and @entity7 are postulated to suppress glomerular @entity7 expression, thereby causing renal @entity9818 . Therapy directed against these inflammatory mediators may have important therapeutic implications.

title: A rare case of renal XXXX associated with @entity12692 .

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lympho-proliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with nonspecific @entity490 (NSAP) are frequently seen in emergency departments. Different studies have suggested that early laparoscopy (EL) could be an adequate tool to accelerate diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of EL in terms of diagnosis, persistence of NSAP, mortality, morbidity, cost, hospital stay, and quality of life relative to observation in NSAP. METHODS: We performed a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RTC) comparing EL versus @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) in NSAP. The primary outcomes were the number of @entity1 with positive and negative findings, the utility for each group, and the cases with persistence of NSAP. Methodologic quality was assessed using the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Five studies that included a total of 921 @entity1 were included: 460 in the EL group and 461 in the @entity3457 group. The use of an important methodologic heterogeneity between included studies avoided a pooled analysis. Data suggested that EL performed better in establishing a final diagnosis (79.2-96.9%) vs. @entity3457 (28.1-78.1%); however, the final therapeutic utility of laparoscopy was lower than the diagnostic rate (10.9-86.5%). The mortality rate of EL was similar to @entity3457 , and morbidity ranged from 1.15 to 23.72% in EL compared with the range from 1.9 to 31.14% in @entity3457 . The length of hospital stay ranged from 1.3 to 4.18 days in EL compared with the range from 2 to 7.3 days in @entity3457 . CONCLUSIONS: There is an important heterogeneity between the populations and in the degree of methodologic quality in the included studies. Data suggest that EL performs better in establishing a final diagnosis after admission, but the lack of uniform information does not allow for the recommendation of EL as a routine strategy in clinical practice. We recommend that a large trial be conducted with specific operative characteristics to solve problems identified in primary trials.

title: Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific XXXX : a critical appraisal of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active observation', 'AO']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4521 -assisted substitution treatment for severely opioid-dependent drug users has been available in Switzerland since 1994. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this treatment. METHODS: We did a cohort study in 21 community outpatient treatment centres. We assessed 1969 opioid-dependent drug users, who began @entity4521 -assisted substitution treatment between January, 1994, and December, 2000, to ascertain admission and discharge patterns, and @entity1 characteristics. We also followed up a subset of 237 @entity1 who began treatment between Jan 1, 1994, and March 31, 1995, and who stayed with the programme for at least 18 months. We used questionnaires, interviews, and medical examinations done at entry and after 6, 12, and 18 months to assess somatic and mental health, social integration, and treatment outcomes. FINDINGS: More than 70% (1378) of @entity1 remained in treatment for more than a year. Treatment showed positive effects with respect to health and social outcomes. A long stay in treatment was related to a higher chance of starting abstinence-oriented therapy than a short stay. INTERPRETATION: @entity4521 -assisted substitution treatment might be an effective option for chronically addicted @entity1 for whom other treatments have failed.

title: Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable XXXX prescription for refractory opioid addicts: a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['heroin', 'Heroin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of @entity551 ( @entity551 ) for healing of pressure ulcers (PrUs) in individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Multicenter, 28-day observational study. SETTING: Ten Veterans Affairs Medical Center @entity1566 centers. @entity1 : Eighty-six @entity1566 inpatients with Stage III/IV pelvic PrUs. INTERVENTIONS: Standard wound care with @entity551 versus standard wound care alone (NoNPWT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in wound surface area (WSA) using the Verg Videometer Measurement Documentation software. MAIN RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a decrease in WSA (healing subgroup) was not significantly different between the @entity551 (n = 33) and NoNPWT (n = 53) groups (67% vs 70%, respectively). In the healing subgroup, there was no significant difference between the @entity551 versus NoNPWT groups in WSA decrease (-43    22% vs -50%    26%, not statistically significant). Similarly, in the nonhealing subgroup, there was no significant difference between @entity551 and NoNPWT groups (31%    26% vs 32%    34%). In the @entity551 group, the nonhealing subgroup (11/33) had significantly lower serum albumin levels than the healing subgroup (22/33) (2.9    0.4 vs 3.3    0.5 mg/dL, P < .05). In the NoNPWT group, there was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between the healing versus nonhealing subgroups (3.2    0.3 vs 3.2    0.3 mg/dL). CONCLUSION: In @entity1566 @entity1 with Stage III/IV pelvic PrUs, @entity551 did not significantly influence the rate of healing. Additionally, in malnourished individuals (albumin <3.0 mg/dL), @entity551 was not efficacious. Healing outcomes in the @entity551 group were significantly influenced by albumin levels, whereas no such disparity was noted between the healing and nonhealing PrUs for the NoNPWT group. Nutritional status appears to be important in the effectiveness of @entity551 .

title: Poor nutrition is a relative contraindication to negative pressure wound therapy for pressure ulcers: preliminary observations in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal-cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['NPWT', 'negative-pressure wound therapy']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity82 is a long-term consequence of chronic @entity99 with @entity82 . No effective therapy is currently available for decompensated @entity82 except liver transplantation. Hence, we investigated the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on @entity1575 in a @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced cirrhotic @entity35 model. METHODS: The BM-MSCs were injected directly into the right liver lobe twice, at 6 and 8  weeks during the 12-week @entity2796 administration, in @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced cirrhotic @entity35 model, and @entity1575 was evaluated. At 12  weeks, the effect of BM-MSCs on @entity1575 was analyzed histomorphologically using the Laennec @entity82 scoring system, and the collagen proportionate area was quantified. @entity82 -related factors, such as @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), type 1 collagen (collagen-1), a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), and P- @entity15927 / @entity15927 expression levels, were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. RESULTS: According to the Laennec @entity82 scoring system, histological improvement was observed in @entity1575 after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The percentage of the collagen proportionate area decreased from 16.72        5.51 to 5.06        1.27 after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The content of hepatic @entity720 was significantly lower in the BM-MSC treated group (46.25        13.19) compared to the untreated cirrhotic group (85.81        17.62; P <0.01). BM-MSC administration significantly decreased @entity1810 , collagen-1, and a-SMA expression in @entity2796 -induced cirrhotic @entity35 (P <0.01). We also confirmed P- @entity15927 / @entity15927 , downstream effectors of the @entity1810 signaling pathway, and found that MSC transplantation inhibited @entity15927 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment attenuated @entity1575 in @entity35 with @entity2796 -induced @entity82 , raising the possibility of the clinical use of BM-MSCs in the treatment of @entity82 .

title: Effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on XXXX in a @entity7008 -induced cirrhotic @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic fibrosis']


abstract: The nature, frequency and symptoms of laboratory animal @entity566 (LAA) were explored in 110 @entity1 having contacts with laboratory animals and working in research laboratories at Z  rich University Hospital and institutes. 20.9% of these @entity1 were actually suffering from a laboratory animal @entity566 , a percentage corresponding to international reports in the literature (12-27%). 82.6% of @entity1 with LAA were @entity1097 subjects. In a group without LAA we found an @entity1097 only in 25.3%. The commonest signs of LAA were a combination of @entity7370 with @entity565 and with contact @entity110 in 43.5% over-all. @entity35 and @entity19 were the laboratory animals most contacted and they represented the largest number of sensitizations. The interval between the beginning of exposure and onset of the symptoms of LAA ranged between a few months and many years. In general, the time space is much shorter in @entity1097 subjects than in non- @entity1097 @entity1 . Skin tests gave better and more precise results in the detection of a LAA than in vitro examinations. This means that investigations with RAST (PHARMACIA) were less sensitive than the prick multitest (STALLERGENES). The last-mentioned can be recommended as very good for serial allergological examinations. The new Phadiatop-test (PHARMACIA)--in the study we obtained positive results in 38.5%--is a sound and most specific examination for discrimination between @entity1097 and @entity1097 . Determination of total IgE was of less value.

title: [Allergies to laboratory animals. An epidemiological, allergological study in XXXX exposed to laboratory animals].

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disposition', 'non-atopic disposition', 'atopic']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two forms of kiss gene ( @entity21088 and @entity21089 ) have been described in the teleost sea bass. This study assesses the cloning and characterization of two Kiss receptor genes, namely @entity21090 and @entity21091 (known as gpr54-1b and gpr54-2b, respectively), and their signal transduction pathways in response to @entity21088 and @entity21089 peptides. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicate that these paralogs originated by duplication of an ancestral gene before teleost specific duplication. The @entity21090 and @entity21091 mRNAs encode proteins of 368 and 378 @entity1522 , respectively, and share 53.1% similarity in @entity3689 sequences. In silico analysis of the putative promoter regions of the sea bass Kiss receptor genes revealed conserved flanking regulatory sequences among teleosts. Both @entity21090 and @entity21091 are predominantly expressed in brain and gonads of sea bass, @entity7021 and @entity3392 . In the testis, the expression levels of sea bass kisspeptins and Kiss receptors point to a significant variation during the reproductive cycle. In vitro functional analyses revealed that sea bass Kiss receptor signals are transduced both via the @entity7131 ( @entity21092 ) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Synthetic sea bass @entity21088 -15 and @entity21089 -12 peptides activated Kiss receptors with different potencies, indicating a differential ligand selectivity. Our data suggest that @entity21090 and @entity21091 have a preference for @entity21088 and @entity21089 peptides, respectively, thus providing the basis for future studies aimed at establishing their physiologic roles in sea bass.

title: DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVATION OF KISS RECEPTORS BY XXXX and @entity21089 PEPTIDES IN THE SEA BASS.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C']

answer: @entity21088 :: (100134982(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Kiss1']


abstract: After acute @entity1563 , the extent of dysfunction exceeds the extent of @entity1188 by a variable amount. Contrast echocardiography has been shown to be a good predictor of the extent of acute @entity1188 after permanent occlusion. We used @entity273 contrast echocardiography to study the temporal and topographic relationship between contrast enhancement and tissue viability during acute @entity583 in 32 @entity235 undergoing 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours of circumflex occlusion before reperfusion. To account for changes in collateral blood flow, contrast studies were performed by aortic root injection immediately before reperfusion. The area, circumference, and transmural extent of the region at risk in vivo by contrast echocardiography were statistically unchanged regardless of the duration of occlusion before reperfusion. Echo contrast defect analysis of the risk region predicted the area, circumference, and transmural extent of @entity1188 reperfused at 2 or more hours (r = 0.81, 0.84, 0.71, respectively). For the 1-hour occlusion group, contrast defect analysis predicted the circumference at risk but markedly overestimated the area and transmural extent of @entity1188 . These data indicate that the circumferential extent of @entity1188 can be identified by contrast echo and is fixed by 1 hour of occlusion. @entity1188 progression transmurally within the circumferential boundaries had nearly reached the transmural contrast extent by 2 hours of occlusion in this model. Assuming the development of a similar high contrast agent safe for @entity1 injection, aortic root contrast echocardiography could be useful to predict myocardium at risk of @entity1188 early after occlusion. Late after occlusion it could be of value to predict the presence of still viable @entity583 region.

title: Topographic correspondence of contrast echocardiographic perfusion mapping and XXXX extent after varying durations of @entity1563 .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial layers within the dysfunctional infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between self reported environmental @entity286 smoke exposure (or passive smoking), the serum @entity4874 concentration, and evidence of respiratory or @entity301 in @entity1 and @entity1 who have never smoked. DESIGN: Cross sectional random population survey identifying disease markers and relating them to measures of passive smoking. Disease markers were previous medical diagnoses, response to standard symptom questionnaires, and electrocardiographic signs. SETTING: Samples of @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-59 years drawn from general practitioner lists in 22 local government districts of Scotland, between 1984 and 1986. @entity1 : A total of 786 @entity1 and 1492 @entity1 who reported never having smoked @entity286 , and who had serum @entity4874 concentrations below 17.5 ng/ml, the cut off point for smoking "deceivers", took part. RESULTS: Fewer than one third of never smokers reported no recent exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke and the same proportion had no detectable @entity4874 . @entity1 had lower @entity4874 values than @entity1 but reported more exposure to smoke. The correlation between the measures of exposure was poor. Self-reported exposure showed strong, statistically significant, dose response relationships with @entity1576 and with the @entity301 markers. These relationships were weak or absent for serum @entity4874 , except for diagnosed @entity301 . Here the dose response gradient was as strong as that for self report, with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95% CI 1.3, 5.6) for the highest v the lowest exposure group, adjusted for age, housing tenure, total @entity165 , and blood pressure, and not explained by fibrinogen. CONCLUSIONS: The validity of different measures of @entity286 smoke exposure needs further investigation. The gradient of diagnosed @entity301 with both self reported exposure and serum @entity4874 was, however, surprisingly strong, statistically significant, and unexplained by other factors. These findings reinforce current policies to limit passive @entity286 smoke exposure.

title: Passive smoking by self report and serum @entity4874 and the prevalence of respiratory and XXXX in the Scottish heart health study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Coagulation of blood in @entity1573 is considered the result of an extrinsic clotting system initiated, as in mammals, by tissue @entity559 released from injured tissues. @entity1003 in mammals depends principally on an intrinsic mechanism in which @entity559 is generated from blood itself. Only a negligible role, if any, has been ascribed to an intrinsic system in @entity1573 . A reevaluation of @entity3459 in @entity1573 was undertaken in this study. Whole blood of @entity1573 was found to clot over 30% faster when contacted by suitable surface activators such as @entity4563 or glass than when such contact was omitted. Plasma recalcification times were significantly (P less than .02) shortened by contact activators. Clotting functions were measurable both by partial @entity559 time and activated partial @entity559 time, tests that bypass extrinsic factors. Intrinsic @entity559 could be generated from dilute whole @entity1573 blood although at a slower rate than that reported for @entity1 blood. Modification of whole blood @entity559 generation techniques permitted measurement of activities that seem analogous to @entity1 intrinsic factors @entity797 and IX but not XI or XII. These data provide evidence of a functioning intrinsic clotting mechanism in @entity1573 . A complete description and role for this mechanism remains to be defined.

title: New evidence for intrinsic XXXX in @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity559 :: ('MESH:D013925', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboplastin']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Onychomycoses are among the most frequent @entity5806 . The principal agents are dermatophytes. @entity2059 and @entity8974 are two effective and systemic antimycotics. Previous trials have shown, that treatment schedules with effective concentrations for 3 months cause drug deposits in nail plates that persist 6 months after the end of the treatment. METHODS: A comparative, open, prospective study was carried out with random assignment of @entity1 . The first group included 27 @entity1 under treatment with 200 mg of @entity2059 once daily for 3 months. The second group included 26 @entity1 treated with 250 mg of @entity8974 for 3 months. Both series of @entity1 were followed for 6 additional months. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age, sex, and history of @entity6313 . @entity12734 was the main isolated agent in all @entity1 . The percentage of diseased nails was similar in both groups affecting predominantly the first toenail. Treatment was highly effective and differences between groups were not significant. The rate of adverse events was 21% in the @entity2059 group and 47% in the @entity8974 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2059 and @entity8974 are two drugs of choice in @entity6313 .

title: Open randomized comparison of XXXX versus @entity8974 in @entity6313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail diseases']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytic onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: AIM: To study the effects and mechanisms by which hyposmotic challenge modulate function of L-type @entity460 current (I(Ca,L)) in @entity35 ventricular myocytes. METHODS: The whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to record I(Ca,L) in @entity35 ventricular myocytes. RESULTS: Hyposmotic challenge(   220 mosmol/L) induced biphasic changes of I(Ca,L), a transient increase followed by a sustained decrease. I(Ca,L) increased by 19.1%  6.1% after short exposure (within 3 min) to hyposmotic solution. On the contrary, long hyposmotic challenge (10 min) decreased I(Ca,L) to 78.1%  11.0% of control, caused the inactivation of I(Ca,L), and shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of I(Ca,L) to the right. The decreased I(Ca,L) induced by @entity4 was reversed by @entity3044 or protein kinase A (PKA) activator foskolin. @entity4 also reduced the stimulated I(Ca,L) by @entity3044 or foskolin. PKA inhibitor @entity9501 abolished swelling-induced transient increase of I(Ca,L), but did not affect the swelling-induced sustained decrease of I(Ca,L). NO donor SNAP and protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor @entity23063 did not interfere with swelling-induced biphasic changes of I(Ca,L). @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator @entity4515 decreased I(Ca,L) and hyposmotic solution with @entity4515 reverted the decreased I(Ca,L) by @entity4515 . @entity7131 inhibitor @entity23064 prevented the swelling-induced biphasic changes of I(Ca,L). CONCLUSION: Hyposmotic challenge induced biphasic changes of I(Ca,L), a transient increase followed by a sustained decrease, in @entity35 ventricular myocytes through @entity7131 pathway, but not PKG pathway. PKA system could be responsible for the transient increase of I(Ca,L) during short exposure to hyposmotic solution.

title: Hyposmotic challenge modulates function of L-type XXXX channel in @entity35 ventricular myocytes through protein kinase C.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Hyposmotic swelling', 'hyposmotic swelling']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) is a complex clinical scenario, which affects 15% of @entity1 . The published literature lacks a consistent definition of @entity1118 . However according to Vercillini et al., @entity1118 is defined by the duration and type of @entity2371 . @entity1118 is present if the @entity2371 persists for more than 3 months duration and is constant or intermittent, cyclical or noncyclical in nature. Four types of @entity2371 have also been described and these include: cyclical @entity158 during menstruation (dysmenorrhoea), @entity546 , @entity1142 and noncyclical @entity2371 . Therefore for the purposes of this study, @entity1118 will be defined by these aforementioned types of @entity2371 and duration. METHODS: Multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing Mirena IUS versus expectant management in @entity1 with @entity1118 and/or dysmenorrhoea who undergo laparoscopic surgery. All @entity1 aged 18 - 45 years with @entity1118 scheduled for laparoscopy will be eligible for inclusion. @entity1 with a non-gynecological cause of @entity2371 , contraindications to the use of Mirena IUS, previous hysterectomy, contraindications to laparoscopy and/or general anesthesia, use of hormonal treatment in the preceding three months, underlying gynaecological @entity5 or known @entity42 other than endometriomata will be excluded. Importantly, all randomised @entity1 with @entity46 noted at the time of surgery will have the disease excised laparoscopically. Routine excision of @entity46 at laparoscopy will be performed according to the anatomical location and type (superficial or deep infiltrating @entity46 (DIE)). @entity1 will be followed for up to 24 months after laparoscopic surgery. RESULTS: The primary outcome measure is improvement of @entity2371 and/or of dysmenorrhoea post-laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 . Assuming a 30% reduction in @entity158 for the expectantly managed group in order to detect a reduction in @entity158 in the study group of 50% with an alpha of 0.05 and a beta of 0.20, the sample size was estimated at a minimum of 103 @entity1 per trial arm. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide evidence to validate the effectiveness or otherwise of @entity3942 -releasing IUS in treating @entity1 with @entity1118 who undergo laparoscopy surgery. The pros and cons of both trial arms will offer guidance to clinicians in making the right treatment choice.

title: Mirena intra-uterine system: does it improve long term symptoms in @entity1 with chronic XXXX and/or @entity46 after laparoscopy? A multicentre randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity3942 :: ('CHEBI:50745', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogen']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['deep dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pelvic pain', 'CPP']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sleep and @entity158 are thought to be bidirectional related on a daily basis in adolescents with @entity1118 complaints. In addition, @entity25 have been shown to predict the long-term onset of @entity4512 in middle-aged adults. Yet, the long-term effects of @entity25 on @entity158 duration and different types of @entity158 severity in emerging adults (aged 18-25) are unknown. This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between @entity25 and @entity1118 , and @entity4512 , @entity10 , and @entity490 severity in a general population of emerging adults. We studied whether these relations were moderated by sex, and if symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 , @entity1295 , or physical inactivity mediated these effects. Data of @entity1 from the longitudinal Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey were used. Follow-up data were collected in 1753 @entity1 who participated in the fourth (N=1668, mean age: 19.0 years [SD=0.6]) and/or fifth (N=1501, mean age: 22.3 years [SD=0.6]) assessment wave. Autoregressive cross-lagged models were used for analyses. Sleep problems were associated with @entity1118 , @entity4512 , @entity10 and @entity490 severity, and predicted @entity1118 and an increase in @entity4512 severity at three years follow up. This prospective effect was stronger in females than in males, and was mediated by @entity1295 but not by symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 or physical inactivity. Only @entity490 had a small long-term effect on @entity25 . Our results suggest that @entity25 may be an additional target for treatment in female emerging adults with @entity4512 complaints.

title: Sleep Problems and XXXX : A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Emerging Adults.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The prognostic relevance of cellular DNA content has been shown for a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . However, only a few studies concerning soft tissue @entity242 have been published. Biopsies of 81 @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 , referred for primary or secondary surgery, were analysed by flow cytometry to determine cellular DNA content of @entity5 . Most @entity1 (60/81) already had one or more local recurrences at the time of first presentation at Essen University. The median age of the @entity1 was 45 years (range 14-79). 44 (54%) @entity1 had euploid and 37 (46%) had @entity5 . Age, sex, and @entity5 localisation (trunk versus extremity) were equally distributed between euploid and @entity2007 @entity1 . The median follow-up was 69 months (range 9-312). The median survival time for @entity5 was 84 and 30 months, respectively (P < 0.0005). In the univariate analysis, ploidy, S-phase percentage, localisation and @entity5 grading were significant predictors of survival, whereas in the multivariate analysis, only DNA content and @entity5 localisation were independent prognostic variables for survival.

title: DNA content as a predictor of clinical outcome in soft tissue XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['euploid and aneuploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. In this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins ( @entity13552 ) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern Atlantic Coast of the United States. A total of 339 and 491 isolates from @entity13654 ( @entity13654 ) and Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) dolphins, respectively, were cultured from gastric (70 @entity13654 /82 IRL), fecal (141 @entity13654 /184 IRL), and blowhole (128 @entity13654 /225 IRL) swabs on selective media used for routine clinical microorganisms of @entity1 concern. The most frequently cultured Gram-negative bacteria from all sample and study types were Plesiomonas shigelloides, @entity1678 , @entity526 , and @entity11763 . Among the Gram-positive bacteria, @entity3168 , Bacillus sp., and @entity794 Coag. Neg were the predominant organisms. For fungi, the most abundant species were @entity7408 , budding @entity375 , and @entity9841 . Of concern, the @entity794 of @entity794 was detected in the blowhole and gastric swabs from @entity13654 dolphins. In general, a greater prevalence of bacteria and fungi (four-fold increase) were cultured from IRL than @entity13654 animals. Together, these culture-dependent studies, coupled to on-going culture-independent approaches, should help establish a baseline of microorganisms associated with bottlenose dolphins and aid in the identification of organisms responsible for @entity166 (s) in these animals.

title: Isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins ( XXXX ) from the southeastern United States.

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity13654 :: ('MESH:D006450', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'Charleston, SC']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['MRSA strain', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ST-elevation @entity583 is caused by occlusive coronary @entity715 where antecedent plaque disruption occurs. When treating STEMI the main goal is to achieve prompt reperfusion of the @entity1188 area. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of an aspiration device before percutaneous coronary intervention in @entity1 with @entity583 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the added value of @entity715 aspiration prior to primary PCI by comparing AMI @entity1 with totally occluded @entity1188 treated with routine primary PCI to those treated with extraction device prior to primary PCI. METHODS: The study group comprised 122 consecutive @entity1 with AMI and a @entity1188 (TIMI flow 0) who underwent primary PCI. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: 68 who underwent primary PCI only (control group) and 54 who underwent primary @entity715 extraction with an extraction device before PCI (extraction group). Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics were similar in both groups. Final TIMI grade flow and @entity296 as well as 1 year mortality, @entity75 revascularization, recurrent @entity583 , @entity1459 and @entity64 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Primary angiographic results were better for the extraction group versus the control group: final grade 3 TIMI flow was 100% vs. 95.6% (P= 0.03) and final grade 3 @entity296 grade 50% vs. 41.18% (although Pwas not significant). Long-term follow-up total MACE showed a nonsignificant positive trend in the extraction group (12.96% vs. 24.71%, P= 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: The use of extraction devices for intracoronary thrombectomy during primary PCI in @entity1 with @entity1188 significantly improved epicardial reperfusion in the @entity1188 and showed a trend for more favorable long-term outcome.

title: Comparative efficacy analysis of an aspiration device before primary angioplasty in @entity1 with XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial blush']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'totally occluded infarct artery', 'infarct-related vessel', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Reduced expression of Sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 -transporting ATPase isoform 2a (SERCA2a) has been shown to play a significant role in the @entity299 of @entity28 animal models. It was reported recently that SUMOylation enhances the stability and activity of SERCA2a. We hypothesized that SERCA2a-SUMOylation might be involved in @entity28 -mediated reduction of SERCA2a. METHOD AND RESULTS:: @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ), the drug that inhibits @entity844 oxidation, was used in diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) @entity35 and @entity7609 (PA)-treated cardiomyocytes. The intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation and proteins involved in SERCA2a-SUMOylation were investigated in vivo and in vitro.DIO @entity35 presented @entity299 , which was alleviated by @entity2904 treatment. Reductions of SERCA2a protein and the intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation were observed in DIO @entity35 and PA-treated cardiomyocytes. These reductions were partially restored by @entity2904 . However, @entity2904 itself did not alter the intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation in control cardiomyocytes. The variations of protein and mRNA levels of Ubc9 are in accordance with the intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation. Whereas the other proteins involved in SERCA2a-SUMOylation were not changed by DIO and PA. CONCLUSION:: @entity2904 alleviates the DIO-induced and PA-induced reductions of SERCA2a-SUMOylation. Ubc9 is involved in the reductions.

title: The Expression of Ubc9 and the Intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation Were Reduced in Diet-induced Obese @entity35 and Partially Restored by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['Trimetazidine']


abstract: We used stimulation of corpus @entity6789 ( @entity6789 ) and the @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), in an in vitro brain slice preparation, to study activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). @entity4940 stimulation monosynaptically excites the apical dendrites of deep laminae (V-VI) pyramidal neurons, while @entity6789 afferents drive these same cells via synapses on their basal dendrites. In contrast, most superficial laminae (II/III-IV) pyramids appear to be driven polysynaptically via ascending axonal collaterals of deep pyramids. In slices retaining these connectivities, we contrasted characteristics of synaptic plasticity in superficial vs deep laminae field and intracellular potentials evoked by conditioning stimuli given at frequencies of 100, 20, 8, 5 and 1 Hz. Tetanic stimulation (100 Hz) of @entity4940 or @entity6789 yielded homosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) of each pathway, while stimulus trains of 8-20 Hz did not. 1-5 Hz stimulation of @entity4940 and @entity6789 elicited homosynaptic long-term @entity308 (LTD) of synaptic strength in each pathway. Associative LTD was induced by interleaving 5 Hz pulses to the @entity4940 pathway with 100 Hz theta-burst stimulation of @entity6789 , but was not induced when these stimulus loci were switched. Heterosynaptic non-associative LTD was also observed in the alternate pathway following tetanization of either @entity4940 or @entity6789 . In all cases, LTP and LTD were observed only in deep laminae recordings. In contrast, superficial records showed only paired-pulse facilitation and short-term post-tetanic potentiation. In in vivo experiments in anaesthetized @entity35 , PCC responses to @entity4940 stimulation were contrasted with responses to stimulation of anteroventral and anterodorsal thalamic nuclei (AV/ @entity195 ). @entity4940 -elicited field potentials closely resembled those evoked in the slice, with maximal amplitude tuned to the 4-8 Hz frequency band. AV/ @entity195 stimulation elicited field potentials which were not frequency tuned. Overall, these data suggest that the acute circuit properties of PCC superficial laminae, modulated by thalamic input and synaptic plasticity in deep laminae, can transform hippocampal synaptic inflow before relaying it to extracingulate targets.

title: Long-term potentiation and XXXX of synaptic transmission in @entity35 posterior cingulate cortex.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['subiculo-cingulate tract', 'SCT']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity25090 , a @entity25091 from Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam. (Rutaceae), has been tested on the erythroleukemic cell line K562 in order to explain some previous results on cell differentiation. In this study we showed that @entity25090 induces a significant hemoglobinization of the @entity1 erythroleukemic cell line K562. This hemoglobin synthesis was accompanied by a strong increase of erythroid mRNA expression such as gamma- and alpha-globin, and @entity6049 , an enzyme of @entity1446 synthesis. In addition, the @entity5859 transcripts were also stimulated indicating that cells are engaged in a maturation process. Both transcription factors @entity3421 and @entity19360 , which play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in the erythroid differentiation, were also transcriptionally up-regulated. To elucidate the possible role of @entity3421 in the FAG-induced differentiation of K562 cells, we transfected reporter constructs containing regulatory regions of erythroid genes encompassing @entity3421 binding sites. After 48 hours of treatment, FAG stimulated the @entity5859 and gamma-globin promoters by 2- to 3-fold and the promoter/enhancer region of @entity3421 gene by 3.2-fold. A mutation within the @entity3421 binding sites strongly decreased the promoter activation induced by @entity25092 . Taken together, our results represent a demonstration that FAG exerts its differentiating activity by a specific activation of the regulating @entity3421 regions of genes involved in the erythroid phenotype expression.

title: The XXXX fagaronine induces erythroleukemic cell differentiation by gene activation.

entities_list: @entity25090 :: ('MESH:C002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Fagaronine', 'fagaronine']

entities_list: @entity25091 :: ('CHEBI:38517', 'Chemical') :: ['benzophenanthridine alkaloid']

answer: @entity25091 :: (CHEBI:38517,Chemical) :: ['benzophenanthridine alkaloid']


abstract: High-risk @entity1082 E6 participates in tumorigenic progression, mainly by its ability to promote @entity876 degradation. HPV transcripts show a complex splicing pattern, where @entity7906 is the most abundant transcript in high-risk HPV types, comprising the first 50 @entity1522 of E6. No structural or biochemical information of this polypeptide, which contains half of the first @entity219 binding motif of E6, is available, due to the difficulty to acquire a compact monomeric fold in such a small polypeptide. We show that @entity1799 - @entity7906 can fold into either a-helix or b-sheet large oligomers at pH 7.5 and 5.0, respectively, in the absence of @entity219 . The b-sheet oligomers are highly stable and unaffected by the presence of @entity219 , while the a-helix oligomers tend to rapidly form aggregates, prevented by the presence of the metal. Two @entity7906 molecules bind per atom of @entity219 , suggesting a tetrahedral, high-affinity arrangement (K(D) < 10(-12) M), which results in a @entity219 -mediated @entity7906 dimer with significant secondary structure. Endogenous E6 oligomers were previously found in the cytosol of high-risk HPV transformed cell lines, and we propose that the oligomerization determinant resides within @entity7906 . @entity7906 effects were reported to counteract those of E6 in cells, and the ratio between these two species modulates @entity876 degradation and other apoptosis-dependent signaling cascades. A residue of an evolved splicing event related to regulation of oncogene expression in HPV or a splicing event resulting from the selection of a small deleterious viral polypeptide, the abundant existence of @entity7906 with a "chameleon" nature correlates with target plasticity, and its fate is linked to a balance between protein levels, @entity219 availability, redox potential, and oligomerization. In addition, the results presented here have strong implications for @entity219 binding sites in nascent polypeptides. This evolved promiscuous folder speaks of effect rather than function of a viral product that, when highly increased, can directly or indirectly affect various cellular processes leading to cell deregulation and tumorigenesis.

title: E6*, the 50 amino acid product of the most abundant spliced transcript of the e6 oncoprotein in high-risk XXXX , is a promiscuous folder and binder.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Rabbit antibodies to the @entity109 (PB) inducible @entity35 liver microsomal cytochrome P-450s b and e and to @entity5954 (MC) inducible @entity7772 were used to examine the expression of these isozymes in @entity35 lungs. Western blots of total lung microsomes demonstrated that about 40 pmol @entity4921 protein (and no detectable P-450e) were present in lungs from control or MC treated @entity35 and that pretreatment with PB caused a small but significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the expression of @entity4921 . Microsomes from control and PB treated lung contained minimal levels of @entity7772 , and MC induced this isozyme to 185 pmol/mg. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate immunoreactivity to these isozymes in specific cell types. Neither @entity4921 nor @entity7772 was detectable in endothelial cells from control or PB treated lungs, but MC increased immunoreactivity to @entity7772 in pulmonary endothelial cells. Type II alveolar cells showed distinct immunoreactivity to @entity4921 and weak immunoreactivity to @entity7772 in control or PB treated @entity35 . Individual Clara cells stained for either @entity7772 or @entity4921 in control, MC treated, and PB treated @entity35 , and colocalization was observed in some cells. An increase in @entity133 and Clara cell immunoreactivity to @entity7772 was observed after MC induction. Mast cells, identified by metachromatic Giemsa staining, appeared to react nonspecifically with both antisera. In conclusion, @entity7772 is highly inducible by MC in @entity35 lung (detected in microsomes by Western blot), specifically in endothelial cells, Clara cells, and @entity133 cells (as visualized by immunocytochemistry); and @entity4921 is present in @entity35 lung microsomes, and immunoreactivity to this isozyme is localized in @entity133 and Clara cells.

title: Immunological identification and effects of @entity5954 and XXXX on @entity35 pulmonary cytochrome P-450.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar type II', 'type II alveolar cell']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Experimental work suggests a neuroprotective role for @entity2399 in @entity510 . We retrospectively review the incidence of clinically relevant @entity2553 in @entity1 treated or not with continuous @entity1760 infusion after onset of @entity510 . METHODS: All @entity1 records in Albany Medical Center with the diagnosis of SAH between January 1999 and June 2004 were reviewed. @entity1 who presented to the emergency department within 72 hours of onset were entered in the study. @entity1 were defined as in clinical @entity2553 if there was an acute neurological change in association with abnormal trancranial Doppler (TCD), CT angiogram (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). RESULTS: A total of 85 @entity1 were selected. @entity2399 was infused in 43 @entity1 . When compared with @entity1 who did not receive @entity2400 , there was a statistically significant lower incidence of clinical and radiological @entity2553 in those who had the continuous infusion of @entity2399 (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between @entity1 who were coiled or clipped. CONCLUSION: Continuous @entity2399 infusion for the management of clinically significant @entity2553 is safe and reduces the incidence of clinically significant @entity2553 . Large, multicenter, controlled studies should be performed in order to determine the true effectiveness of the treatment in a controlled setting.

title: Retrospective analysis of parenteral XXXX administration in decreased incidence of clinical and @entity2553 : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that Cognitive Efficiency (CE) is a distinct factor important to the development of @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) skills, however, it is not well established which component(s) of CE are most predictive of @entity5545 in @entity1 . This study investigates which components of CE (working memory and processing speed) are most predictive of @entity5545 , and if CE accounts for unique variance in @entity5545 beyond other well-established predictors of reading (phonemic awareness). METHOD: 130 school-referred subjects, with equal numbers of male and female students ranging in age from 7 to 16 years (M = 10), were administered tests from the Woodcock-Johnson III. The battery consisted of measures of verbal ability, phonemic awareness, processing speed, working memory, and @entity5545 . @entity1 with IQ's below 80 were not included. RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis results indicated a significant relationship, accounting for 25% of the variance between processing speed and @entity5545 , that is independent of other cognitive factors (p < .001). RESULTS did not find a significant relationship between measures of working memory and @entity5545 in this sample. CONCLUSION(S): Findings suggest that the processing speed component of CE is the most significant contributor of @entity5545 in this sample. The findings further suggest that this relationship extends beyond what is explained by verbal ability and phonemic awareness. Moreover, a composite score CE does not better predict @entity5545 over a single measure of processing speed.

title: B-29The Relationship between Cognitive Efficiency and Reading Fluency in School-Referred XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'reading fluency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intractable @entity548 after endoscopic surgery, including transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and photoselective vaporisation of the prostate ( @entity12468 ), is uncommon but a significant and life-threatening problem. The knowledge and technical experience to deal with this complication may not be wide-spread among urologists and trainees. We describe our series of TURPs and PVPs and the incidence of @entity86 requiring intervention. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 437 TURPs and 590 PVPs over 3 years in our institution. We describe the conservative, endoscopic and open prostatic packing techniques used for @entity1 who experienced @entity86 . RESULTS: Of 437 TURPs, 19 required endoscopic intervention for @entity86 . Of 590 @entity12468 , two @entity1 were successfully managed endoscopically for delayed @entity548 at 7 and 13 days post-surgery, respectively. In one TURP and one @entity12468 @entity1 , endoscopic management was insufficient to control postoperative @entity548 and open exploration and packing of the prostatic cavity was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Significant @entity548 after endoscopic prostatic surgery is still a potentially life-threatening complication. Prophylactic measures have been employed to reduce @entity548 but persistent @entity548 post-endoscopic prostatic surgery should be treated promptly to prevent the risk of rapid deterioration. We demonstrated that the technique of open prostate packing may be life-saving.

title: @entity86 following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and photoselective vaporisation of the prostate ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'peri-operative bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity12468 :: (CHEBI:53245,Chemical) :: ['PVP']


abstract: This study evaluated the correlation between the acute course and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity712 . @entity712 was defined as a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure equal to or greater than 20 mmHg with radiographic evidence of @entity891 during hospitalization in the coronary care unit. A total of 77 @entity712 @entity1 underwent primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Twelve @entity1 who died within the first 3 days (group I) had a higher incidence of unsuccessful reperfusion (50 vs 19%, p < 0.05) and @entity1455 (64 vs 4%, p < 0.01), compared with the 65 @entity1 who survived at least the initial 4 days (group II). These 65 @entity1 were classified into three subgroups according to the course of @entity712 : early regression type (group IIA, n = 38); prolonged type (group IIB, n = 18); delayed-onset type (group IIC, n = 9). @entity1 in group IIB had a higher incidence of multivessel disease than group IIA. @entity1 in group IIC had a higher incidence of unsuccessful reperfusion. Cardiac index in group IIB was lower than in group IIA (2.50 +/- 0.70 vs 1.91 +/- 0.39 l/min/m2). Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction were 4.1 +/- 9.2% in group IIA, -6.6 +/- 16.8% in group IIB, and 0.9 +/- 7.3% in group IIC. The hospital mortality rate was 0% in group IIA, 11% in group IIB, and 33% in group IIC, the reinfarction rate was 0, 17 and 22%, and sustained arterial patency was demonstrated in 81, 62 and 43%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effect of reperfusion therapy on the prognosis of @entity583 complicated by @entity712 : prediction based on the acute course of left XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['ventricular heart failure']


abstract: We have conducted the first profiling of @entity1 Natural Killer (NK) cell mediated killing of astrocytes using xCELLigence technology. The sensitivity and applicability of xCELLigence was compared to @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release and time-lapsed microscopy to validate the killing events. The xCELLigence technology uses electrical impedance measurements from adherent cells and converts into Cell Index (CI). NK cells did not register any Cell Index signal directly, therefore all changes in Cell Index are a direct measure of astrocyte responses. Astrocytes are insensitive to basal NK cells (non-activated NKs). Whereas NK cells activated by @entity1199 prior to culture with targets rapidly kill astrocytes. This observation was supported by all methods of analysis. Using the xCELLigence we were able to monitor the longer term killing profile. This demonstrated that at all NK ratios, @entity204 was achieved if given long enough. In addition, the development of the killing phenotype was investigated by inducing lymphokine activated killing with @entity1199 in the presence of the target astrocytes. In this paradigm of killing, the xCELLigence was the only assay suitable due to the prolonged time-course required for killing, which required 4-5 days to achieve maximal killing (100%). This suggested that the astrocytes can directly suppress the killing activity of the NK cells. These data highlight the sensitivity, applicability and profiling power of the xCELLigence system and support its use for further investigation of NK-killing of healthy and/or tumourogenic astrocytic cells.

title: Real-time profiling of NK cell killing of XXXX astrocytes using xCELLigence technology.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 is associated with an increased incidence of @entity1031 complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L), which displays prothrombotic properties, in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) in comparison with inflammatory and healthy controls. METHODS: Plasma levels of sCD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex and soluble @entity8729 were measured in 104 @entity29 @entity1 (54 @entity31 and 50 @entity30 ), in 18 cases with other causes of intestinal @entity32 and in 80 healthy controls using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma levels of sCD40L were correlated with disease activity, type, localization and treatment as well as with the measured thrombophilic parameters. RESULTS: @entity30 @entity1 had significantly higher sCD40L levels than both groups of controls ( @entity30 vs HC P < 0.001; @entity30 vs non-IBD P < 0.05). @entity31 @entity1 had higher but not significantly different sCD40L levels compared with the controls. Both @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 with active disease had significantly higher sCD40L levels in comparison with @entity1 with inactive disease. Plasma levels of sCD40L were correlated with platelet count (r = 0.27, P = 0.001). They also showed a correlation with prothrombin F1+2 (r = 0.16, r = 0.03) and TAT (r = 0.15, r = 0.04) as well as with @entity8729 (r = 0.19, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The increased sCD40L plasma levels may represent, at least in some degree, a molecular link between @entity29 and the procoagualant state.

title: Association between enhanced soluble XXXX ligand and prothrombotic state in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) reduce growth during the first year of treatment, but this growth suppressing effect does not continue during further treatment. Decreasing adherence may play a role in explaining this. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cumulative real exposure (with objectively assessed adherence) to @entity4185 and height growth in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: We investigated 99 prepubertal @entity1 with @entity565 , 2-13   years of age, who had been using @entity4185 in guideline-recommended dosages for >= 3   months, and continued to do so during 1-year follow-up. @entity4185 adherence was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, allowing calculation of true cumulative exposure to @entity4185 . We analysed the relationship between cumulative @entity4185 dose and height growth velocity (assessed as change in height SD score) over 1   year. RESULTS: Median (IQR) adherence over 1   year was 84 (68-92) %. Mean cumulative @entity5023 dose was 64.6 (SD, 27.8) mg, reflecting a daily dose of 167 (SD, 7)   g. The negative correlation between cumulative @entity4185 dose and height growth velocity (r=-0.266; p=0.008) became non-significant after adjustment for age and sex in a multiple regression model (adjusted r=-0.188; p=0.066). CONCLUSIONS: One year of @entity4185 treatment in guideline-recommended dosages with high adherence did not result in significant or relevant growth suppression. Unaffected growth can be maintained for at least 1   year in @entity1 with @entity565 during @entity4185 treatment with high adherence.

title: Height growth in @entity1 with @entity565 treated with guideline-recommended dosages of XXXX and electronically assessed adherence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To characterize the mutation profiles of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and liver metastases (CLMs), we performed both whole-exome and RNA sequencing. Ten significantly mutated genes, including @entity3752 , @entity6535 , and @entity6536 , were found in 34 CRCs with CLMs. We defined three mutation classes (Class 1 to 3) based on the absence or presence of mutations during liver @entity3 . Most mutations were classified into Class 1 (shared between @entity5 and CLMs), suggesting the common clonal origin of @entity5 and CLMs. Class 1 was more strongly associated with the clinical characteristics of advanced @entity5 and was more frequently superimposed with chromosomal deletions in CLMs than Class 2 (PT-specific). The integration of exome and RNA sequencing revealed that variant-allele frequencies (VAFs) of mutations in the transcriptome tended to have stronger functional implications than those in the exome. For instance, VAFs of the @entity876 and @entity1412 mutations in the transcriptome significantly correlated with the expression level of their target genes. Additionally, mutations with high functional impact were enriched with high VAFs in the CLM transcriptomes. We identified 11 mutation-associated splicing events in the @entity14 transcriptomes. Thus, the integration of the exome and the transcriptome may elucidate the underlying molecular events responsible for CLMs.

title: Genome-wide mutation profiles of XXXX and associated liver metastases at the exome and transcriptome levels.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'PTs', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity842 (NO) is an antibacterial factor that is produced by the enzyme @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ). Uroepithelial cells express @entity3623 in experimental models of @entity293 but the stimulatory and regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. We investigated the influence of uropathogenic @entity526 strains with different fimbrial expression and the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the host @entity3623 response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 @entity1 kidney epithelial cells were stimulated with different uropathogenic @entity526 strains, namely the P and type 1-fimbriated clinical isolate AD110, the recombinant P-fimbriated strain @entity526 HB101(pPIL110-75) and the recombinant type 1-fimbriated strain @entity526 AAEC191A(pPKL4). NO production was determined as @entity3542 production in cell culture medium. Studies of nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity2451 ) binding to the @entity3623 promoter and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of @entity3623 mRNA were performed to investigate @entity3623 gene activation in response to uropathogenic @entity526 . The effect of @entity650 , @entity687 and transforming growth factor-beta on NO production was also examined. RESULTS: @entity526 per se failed to induce NO production and @entity3623 mRNA in @entity1 cells. However, in combination with interferon-gamma AD110 and the type 1-fimbriated strain caused a small increase in NO production and @entity3623 mRNA. AD110 stimulated @entity1 cells demonstrated weak binding of @entity2451 to a @entity1 @entity3623 promoter sequence. @entity650 , @entity687 and transforming growth factor-a did not affect NO production in @entity1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Uropathogenic bacteria are weak inducers of @entity1 uroepithelial @entity3623 , which may be related to insufficient binding of @entity2451 to @entity3623 promoter. The uroepithelial @entity3623 response did not appear to be regulated by proinflammatory cytokines.

title: The influence of uropathogenic @entity526 and proinflammatory cytokines on the inducible @entity842 synthase response in XXXX kidney epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rational infection control guidance requires an improved understanding of @entity683 transmission. We studied households with an @entity281 @entity1 to measure the prevalence of @entity683 contamination, the effect of hand washing, and associations with humidity and temperature. METHODOLOGY: We identified @entity1 with @entity683 and randomly assigned their households to hand washing and control arms. Six common household surfaces and the fingertips of the index @entity1 and symptomatic family members were swabbed. Specimens were tested by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), and specimens with positive results were placed on cell culture. A handheld psychrometer measured meteorological data. RESULTS: Sixteen (17.8%) of 90 households had @entity683 -positive surfaces by rRT-PCR, but no viruses could be cultured. The fingertips of 15 (16.6%) of the index @entity1 had results positive for @entity683 , and 1 @entity778 was cultured. Index @entity1 with seasonal @entity683 infections shed more @entity778 than did @entity1 with pandemic @entity281 . Control households had a higher prevalence of surface contamination (11 [24.4%] of 45) than did hand washing households (5 [11.1%] of 45); prevalence risk difference (PRD), 13.3%; [95% confidence interval {CI},    2.2% to 28.9%]; P = .09). Households in which the age of the index @entity1 was  <=8 years had a significantly higher prevalence of contamination (PRD ,19.1%; 95% CI, 5.3% -32.9%; P = .02). Within the strata of households with secondary infections, an effect of lower absolute humidity is suggested (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: We documented @entity683 @entity778 RNA contamination on household surfaces and on the fingertips of ill @entity1 . Homes with younger @entity1 were more likely than homes of older @entity1 to have contaminated surfaces. Lower absolute humidity favors surface contamination in households with @entity281 . Increased hand washing can reduce @entity683 contamination in the home.

title: @entity683 @entity778 contamination of common household surfaces during the 2009 XXXX (H1N1) pandemic in Bangkok, Thailand: implications for contact transmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections', 'influenza infection', 'influenza-infected']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disequilibrium of hemostasis is central to the pathogenesis of all @entity715 , and platelets are essential for primary hemostasis. The platelet membrane glycoprotein receptor is involved in the clot formation in blood; therefore, the changes in related genes could impair @entity1423 in @entity1 with @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ). @entity1 with @entity1423 who experienced fetal loss were shown to harbor a risk haplotype at @entity10388 locus. The aim of the study was to examine the genetic linkage of this selected risk haplotype with single @entity4334 variations (SNVs) in the coding sequence of the @entity10388 gene in order to identify possible functional SNVs in association with @entity1423 and fetal loss. A total of 37 @entity1 with @entity1423 manifested fetal loss, and 42 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The @entity1423 was diagnosed with @entity1423 . The SNVs were determined by dideoxy sequencing and high-resolution melting analysis. The missense variations were detected in @entity1 with risk haplotype only. The association analysis showed association of the minor alleles with the @entity1423 manifested by fetal loss as follows- @entity18317 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.667, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.462-14.89, P = .006), @entity18318 (OR: 5.085, 95% CI: 1.605-16.10, P = .003), and @entity18319 (OR: 5.085, 95% CI: 1.605-16.10, P = .003). Using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, the estimated minor haplotype with predicted protein residue PEAN was significantly associated with the given phenotype (OR: 4.746, 95% CI: 1.486-15.15, P = .005). We have shown that haplotype PEAN associated with @entity1423 and manifested by fetal loss and suggest that the mechanism involved in the action of @entity10388 has significant effect on @entity10388 -mediated signal transduction through @entity10255 -phosphorylation.

title: XXXX Haplotype of Missense Variants is Associated with Sticky Platelet Syndrome Manifested by Fetal Loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['sticky platelet syndrome', 'SPS', 'platelet aggregometry', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity10388 :: (51206,Gene) :: ['GP6']


abstract: The approach of the physiotherapist to each form of @entity3519 is individual and has to be specific. There is not one single method but several strategies related to the different clinical forms. Although there is no standard programme applicable to all forms of cervical @entity3519 , we can distinguish a number of guidelines for the different clinical forms. In the myoclonic form, emphasis is placed on seeking to immobilize the head, and for the tonic form, on rehabilitating corrector muscles. Physiotherapy and botulinum toxin injections mutually interact in order to reduce the symptoms. Recent studies have shown the clinical benefits of physiotherapy. The physiotherapy of @entity3520 is designed as a re-learning process. The first step is to perform exercises to improve independence and precision of fingers and wrist movements. Then, the muscles involved in the correction of @entity3520 are trained by drawing loops, curves and arabesques. The aim of rehabilitation is not to enable @entity1 with @entity3520 to write as they used to, but to help their @entity1055 evolve towards a fast, fluid and effortless handwriting. A reshaping of the sensory cortical hand representation appears to be associated with clinical improvement in @entity1 with @entity3519 after rehabilitation.

title: Physiotherapy of focal XXXX : a physiotherapist's personal experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ["writer's cramp", 'dystonic postures']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['dysgraphia']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: A morphological investigation was carried out on 56 @entity424 cultivated in vitro as short-term cultures in roller tubes. The @entity5 had been histologically classified as cellular and @entity424 , @entity10220 , @entity424 (Table 1). A very good growth was detected in 32 cases, most of them being cellular and @entity5 (Table 2). The prevailing growth pattern was epithelial in type, i.e. proliferating cells forming a carpet. In some cases, in the first stages of growth elongated @entity162 did appear, but they evolved later as flattened epithelial elements. In four cases, a mixed proliferation of piloid astrocytes and ependymal cells was seen; these @entity5 were regarded as @entity11 . In 46 cases an exact evaluation of the history was possible. Although no correlation could be found between histology and survival time (Table 4), the longest survival was observed in @entity5 (Table 3). @entity5 in @entity1 had a slightly worse prognosis in comparison with adults (Table 5). @entity5 was generally followed by a longer survival time (Table 6), although the operative procedure employed did not seem to influence the development of recurrences (Table 7).

title: Clinical and morphological investigations on XXXX and their tissue cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas', 'fibrillary ependymomas', 'myxopapillary and malignant ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'malignant ependymomas', 'tumours', 'A radical removal of the tumour', 'spinal tumours']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['mixed gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymomas']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['ependymomas']


abstract: Background. Currently, free flaps and pedicled flaps are the first treatment choices for large heel ulcer reconstruction. However, @entity1912 reconstruction of heel ulcerations cannot be performed in all @entity6 especially with concurrent severe @entity1095 because of higher @entity1912 failure rate. In recent years, the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has emerged as an alternative treatment option for extremity @entity1066 . Methods. We present 13 @entity6 @entity1 with a large heel @entity1066 exposing the @entity8546 , who were not eligible for @entity1912 surgery due to the presence of only one patent artery of trifurcation. These cases were treated with the vacuum assisted sandwich dermal matrix (VASDEM) method. Results. None of the @entity1 required amputation. Skin grafting was successful in ten @entity1 . Although partial losses were observed in three @entity1 , they were healed spontaneously without surgical interventions. During the follow-up period none of the @entity1 developed @entity1066 on the treatment area. All @entity1 maintained their preoperative ambulatory ability. Conclusion. VASDEM is a novel method offering opportunity for treatment before proceeding to amputation in @entity6 heel @entity1066 exposing the @entity8546 which is not suitable for @entity1912 surgery. It also has the potential to close wounds of all sizes independent of the vessel status and wound size in selected @entity6 @entity1 .

title: A Novel and Alternative Treatment Method for @entity6 Heel Ulceration Exposing the Calcaneus Which Is Not Suitable for XXXX Surgery: Vacuum Assisted Sandwich Dermal Matrix.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcers']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: Brucellosis, a zoonosis caused by four species of brucella, has a high morbidity. @entity6467 is the main causative agent of @entity3377 in both @entity1 and small ruminants. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, medicinal plants are valuable resources for new agents against antibiotic-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of native plants for @entity3377 treatment. For this purpose, the anti-brucella activities of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, Plantago ovata, Cordia myxa, and Crocus sativus were assessed. The activity against a resistant Br. melitensis strain was determined by disc diffusion method at various concentrations from 50-400 mg/ml. Antibiotic discs were also used as a control. Among the evaluated herbs, six plant (Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, and Crocus sativus) showed anti-brucella activity. Oliveria decumbens was chosen as the most effective plant for further studies. A tested isolate exhibited resistance to @entity803 , @entity16859 , @entity6101 , @entity3256 , and @entity3273 . @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for Oliveria decumbens against resistant Br. melitensis were the same (5 mg/ml), and for @entity801 they were both 2 mg/ml. Time-kill kinetics for a methanolic extract of Oliveria decumbens was 7 h whereas for an ethanolic extract it was 28 h. Also, Oliveria decumbens extracts showed a synergistic effect in combination with @entity3403 and @entity803 . In general, the similar values of @entity1987 and MBC for Oliveria decumbens suggest that these extracts could act as bactericidal agents against Br. melitensis. In addition to Oliveria decumbens, Crocus sativus and Salvia sclarea also had good anti-brucella activity and these should be considered for further study.

title: In vitro assay for the anti-Brucella activity of medicinal plants against @entity803 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'Minimal inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity16859 :: ('MESH:D009254', 'Chemical') :: ['nafcillin']

answer: @entity6467 :: (29459,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis']


abstract: To define the mechanism of @entity205 ( @entity870 )-induced apoptosis, we investigated the expression of apoptosis-related genes in experimental chronic @entity870 nephrotoxicity. @entity19 on a low-salt (0.01%) diet were given vehicle (VH, olive oil, 1 mg/kg/day), or @entity870 (30 mg/kg/day), and sacrificed at 1 and 4 weeks. Apoptosis was detected with deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) stain, and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot or immunohistochemistry. The activity of @entity16426 was also evaluated. The @entity870 group showed increases in apoptotic cells compared with the VH group (54 +/- 41 vs. 3 +/- 3, p < 0.05), and the number of apoptotic cells correlated well with interstitial @entity82 scores (r = 0.83, p < 0.01). The @entity870 group showed a significant increase in Fas-ligand mRNA (0.20 vs. 0.02 amol/microgram total RNA, p < 0.05) and Fas protein expression (146% vs. 95%, p < 0.05), compared with the VH group. The @entity870 group showed significant increases in ICE mRNA (0.21 vs. 0.03 amol/microgram total RNA at 4 weeks, p < 0.05) and @entity185 mRNA (0.18 vs. 0.03 amol/microgram total RNA at 4 weeks, p < 0.05), compared with the VH group. The enzymatic activity of ICE (16.6 vs. 7.9 rho mol/microgram/h, p < 0.05) and @entity185 protease (15.6 vs. 2.7 rho mol/microgram/h, p < 0.05) proteases were increased in the @entity870 group, compared with the VH group. The ratio between @entity1380 and @entity1379 protein increased significantly in the @entity870 group (5.3-fold), compared with the VH group. Levels of @entity899 protein also increased in the @entity870 group. Immunohistochemical detection of Fas, Fas-ligand, ICE and @entity185 revealed strong immunoreactivity in renal tubular cells in areas of structural injury. These findings suggest that local activation of the apoptosis-related genes is associated with @entity870 -induced apoptotic cell death.

title: Expression of apoptosis-related genes in chronic XXXX nephrotoxicity in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Automated microscopy is increasingly used to screen urine samples for suspected @entity293 ( @entity293 ). A 98.8% negative predictive value has been reported in adult studies. The aim of our study was to validate this method in a paediatric population. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from @entity1 with known or suspected @entity66 attending nephrology and urology clinics over a 6-week period. Samples were tested with dipstick, the UF-100 flow cytometer (automated microscopy) and culture. A gold standard of a positive culture of morethan 10(5) colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) with a pathogenic organism was used and the sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: 280 urine samples were collected from 263 @entity1 (143 male, median age 10.2 years, range 0.1-19.75 years). 221 (79%) were midstream or clean-catch samples. Automated microscopy identified 42 of 186 samples as requiring culture and 17 of 19 samples which had a pure growth of more than 10(5) cfu/ml. Two @entity1 were not identified by automated microscopy: one was treated for @entity15231 , and one commenced prophylactic antibiotics prior to the culture result being obtained. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were 0.89, 0.85, 5.98 and 0.17, respectively. This compared to 0.95, 0.72, 3.34 and 0.29, respectively, with urine dipstick. CONCLUSION: Automated microscopy performed comparably to urine dipstick in the diagnosis of @entity293 with improved specificity and likelihood ratios with slightly reduced sensitivity. The data support the use of automated microscopy for screening urine samples for culture in @entity1 , but different automated microscopy methods and algorithms require local evaluation.

title: Automated microscopy, dipsticks and the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nephrourological disease']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preserved fertility is an important issue for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) survivors. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine any difference regarding paternity and testicular function following two, three, or four cycles of @entity900 -based chemotherapy for @entity5 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A national multicentre follow-up survey assessing morbidity among survivors of unilateral @entity5 diagnosed from 1980 to 1994 was conducted during the period 1998 to 2002. Of the 1814 @entity1 invited, 1462 (80.6%) participated by responding to a mailed questionnaire and/or undergoing a clinical examination including laboratory assessments. The present study includes the 316 @entity1 up to 65 yr of age treated with two to four cycles of standard @entity900 -based chemotherapy without additional treatment beyond surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported paternity following treatment for @entity5 according to number of cycles was assessed among @entity1 who reported antegrade ejaculation and attempts at posttreatment conception (n=106). Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and @entity797 regression were applied. Gonadal hormones (n=305-314) and sperm counts (n=71) by number of cycles were assessed by linear by linear association or Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: At median 12-yr follow-up, 80% (85 of 106) had succeeded in their attempts of achieving posttreatment paternity (two cycles: 100%; three: 83%; four: 76%; p=0.022). For all @entity1 the 15-yr actuarial paternity rate was 85%. The association between posttreatment paternity and number of cycles remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p=0.032). High serum follicle-stimulating hormone values were more common with increasing number of cycles (p=0.037), but there were no differences in serum luteinising hormone, serum @entity251 , or sperm counts. Few @entity1 treated with two cycles and a limited number of sperm samples are the main limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: The prospects of future paternity after two to four cycles of @entity900 -based chemotherapy are good, and our data suggest that the prospects improve with decreasing number of cycles.

title: Paternity and testicular function among @entity5 survivors treated with two to four cycles of XXXX -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']