abstract: Physiological evidence has indicated that @entity750 ( @entity750 ) could be a regulator of cerebral blood flow in various regions of the brain. In the present study, @entity2340 hydroxylase immunocytochemistry was used to characterize, both at the light and electron microscopic levels, serotonergic nerve terminals and primarily their relationships with intraparenchymal microarterioles and capillaries in the @entity35 frontoparietal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Irrespective of the brain area, serotonergic varicosities were primarily apposed to either dendrites or nerve terminals, were on average 0.37 micron2 in surface area (0.69 micron calculated diameter) and 12-22% of them engaged in synaptic junctions, mostly with dendritic elements. Perivascular terminals (defined as immunolabelled varicosities located within a 3 micron perimeter around the vessel basal lamina) in the frontoparietal cortex represented 8-11% of all immunoreactive terminals counted, as determined by light and electron microscopy, respectively. In the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, the proportion of perivascular terminals was only determined at the ultrastructural level and corresponded to 10% and 4%, respectively. In the frontoparietal cortex, serotonergic varicosities were located significantly closer (n = 250, 0.98 +/- 0.05 micron; P < 0.001) to the blood vessels than those of the entorhinal cortex (n = 116, 1.41 +/- 0.08 microns) or hippocampus (n = 105, 1.31 +/- 0.08 microns). Of all perivascular serotonergic terminals in the frontoparietal cortex, 26% were in the immediate vicinity (0-0.25 micron) of the vessel wall, with 2.8% directly abutting on the basement membrane, while 11.6% were separated from it only by a thin astrocytic leaflet. This situation contrasts with that observed in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, where no immunoreactive varicosity was ever seen directly contacting the vessel basal lamina and with only 10-13% of the terminals being within 0.25 micron from the vessels. The surface area of perivascular serotonergic terminals was comparable in all regions studied and corresponded to 0.22 micron2; these virtually never engaged in synaptic contacts with adjacent neuronal structures. Our results indicate that @entity2340 hydroxylase-immunolabelled terminals are identical to previously characterized @entity750 -containing varicosities. Furthermore, the present data show intimate associations between serotonergic terminals and microvessels in the three regions examined. However, perivascular terminals in the frontoparietal cortex were more frequent and/or located much closer to local microvessels than those in the other regions, and might be more directly involved in neurogenic control of local cerebral blood flow.

title: Ultrastructural analysis of @entity2340 hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals in the XXXX cerebral cortex and hippocampus: their associations with local blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity9 is a @entity1118 state resulting from @entity1897 , characterized by @entity1931 and @entity1931 . We have reported that @entity19 with @entity74 of @entity5003 signaling display attenuated @entity9 behavior and ectopic neuronal activity. In order to substantiate the role of @entity5003 in @entity9 , @entity7097 @entity19 were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic micropumps containing either @entity18995 or vehicle. Two days following the implantation, two models of @entity9 were used; @entity128 (spinal nerve transection, SNT), or complete nerve cut (spinal @entity2950 model). Mechanosensitivity was assessed seven consecutive days following SNT, and on day 7 recordings of spontaneous ectopic activity were performed. In the spinal nerve @entity2950 model, autotomy scores were recorded up to 35 days. Vehicle-treated @entity19 developed significant @entity1931 and autotomy, and clear ectopic activity (4.1  1.1% of the axons); whereas @entity18995 -treated @entity19 did not display allodynic response, displayed delayed onset of autotomy and markedly reduced severity of autotomy scores, and displayed reduced spontaneous activity (0.8  0.4% of the axons). To test whether @entity5003 is involved in maintenance of mechanical @entity1931 , a separate group of @entity7097 @entity19 was treated with a single injection of either saline or @entity18995 four days following SNT, after the allodynic response was already manifested. Whereas saline-treated @entity19 displayed robust @entity1931 , acute @entity18995 treatment induced long-lasting attenuation of the allodynic response. The results support our hypothesis that @entity5003 signaling plays an important role in @entity9 and in the ectopic neuronal activity that underling its development.

title: Chronic blockade of XXXX ( @entity5003 ) prevents and attenuates @entity9 behavior and spontaneous ectopic neuronal activity following @entity128 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['partial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) according to standardized treatment strategy and individualized protocol. METHODS: A total of 468 @entity1 of @entity157 underwent ultrasound/Contrast-enhanced ultrasound guided RF ablation in our department according to individualized protocol for large @entity5 , @entity5 and @entity5 located adjacent to important structures in our study, of which 22 HCCs having undergone palliative RF ablation were excluded because of huge size, diffusive @entity5 or adjacent structures invasion. The remaining 446 HCCs (680 sessions) were included and followed-up regularly to assess treatment efficiency. Of the 446 @entity1 , 367 were male and 79 were female. 828 lesions underwent RFA. The mean size of @entity5 was (3.6  1.4)cm. Regular follow-up was conducted for 3-119 months. In this study, long-term outcome of various @entity5 were also investigated. RESULTS: The overall ablation success rate was 97%(803/828) 1 month after RFA. The recurrent rate was 7.2% (60/828). Base on Kaplan-Meier method, the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates after RF ablation were 85.3%, 61.3% and 47.0%, respectively. The ablation success rate of @entity5 larger than 3.5 cm was 90.8% (275/303). The 5-year survival rates of @entity1 who had @entity157 for 3.1-5 cm and >5 cm were 45.1% and 35.9%, respectively. In this study, there were 40.3% (334/828) @entity5 located adjacent to important structures. The ablation success rates of these @entity5 located adjacent to gallbladder, diaphragm, bowel and major vessels were 93.5% (58/62), 92.5% (123/133), 92.4% (61/66) and 93.2% (68/73), respectively. The incidence of major complications was 3.1% (21/680), which included 5 intraperitoneal @entity548 , 4 biliary injuries, 2 hemopleural effusions, 3 bowel perforations and 7 needle tract seedings. Treatment-related @entity204 occurred in 1 case of bowel perforation. CONCLUSION: In RF ablation of refractory @entity157 , application of standardized treatment strategy and individualized protocol plays important roles in improving ablation success rate and minimizing potential complications. It could extend the indications of RF ablation for @entity157 in China.

title: [Long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in 446 @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumors', 'hypervascular tumors', 'refractory tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitizing effects of @entity136 towards @entity1 @entity788 xenografts. A @entity1 @entity788 xenograft model was established in @entity19 , 36 of which were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups. @entity5 were measured every 2 days, and the @entity5 volumes, growth delays, and inhibition rates were compared to evaluate the @entity136 enhancement factor. The apoptotic index was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end-labeling assay, and apoptosis inhibitory protein @entity588 and apoptosis-related protein @entity589 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, xenograft growth was significantly inhibited in the 25 (G25) and 50 mg/kg @entity136 (G50) groups (P < 0.05). In the 25 ( @entity4983 ) and 50 ( @entity4984 ) mg/kg @entity136 + radiotherapy groups, local @entity5 growth was significantly inhibited, with inhibition rates of 88.22 and 91.23%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the simple radiotherapy (SR), G25, and G50 groups (44.11, 72.88, and 77.53%, respectively; P < 0.05). The @entity5 growth delay in the @entity4983 and @entity4984 groups were 9 and 15 days, respectively, higher than the SR, G25, and G50 groups (each 4 days, P < 0.05). The apoptosis of @entity5 cells in the intervention groups significantly increased, and the apoptotic index among the intervention groups exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical results indicated that @entity588 was downregulated to different degrees in the intervention groups, whereas @entity589 was upregulated (P < 0.05). Therefore, @entity136 appears to enhance the radiotherapeutic sensitivity of @entity1 @entity788 xenografts significantly.

title: Effects of @entity136 on radiosensitization, apoptosis, and XXXX and @entity589 protein expression in @entity1 @entity788 xenografts in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4984 :: ('p|SUB|G|50|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G50R']

entities_list: @entity4983 :: ('p|SUB|G|25|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G25R']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New strategies and options for the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) have evolved during the past decade. A study was undertaken to investigate to what extent this influenced daily rheumatological care and how this translates into clinical and @entity1 -reported outcomes. METHODS: Data from a total of 38 723 outpatients with @entity309 enrolled in the National Database of the German @entity625 Centres in the years 1997-2007 were analysed. The cross-sectional annual data were compared to detect time trends. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2007 the prescription of combinations of traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) increased from 8% of all @entity1 to 23%; biological agents were prescribed to 16% of @entity1 with @entity309 in 2007. The mean disease activity (DAS28) fell from 4.5 to 3.4 (median 4.5-3.2). The percentage of @entity1 with low disease activity (DAS28 <3.2) increased significantly from 23% to 49%. The proportion of @entity1 with >= 6 swollen joints fell from 43.1% in 1997 to 8.1% in 2007 and, in those with >= 6 tender joints, from 46.3% to 15.8%. There was a large decrease in the total annual number of days of sick leave due to the rheumatic condition from 27.2 to 8.8 days per gainfully employed @entity1 . This reduction is far beyond the decline in the general population. There was also a tendency to higher participation in the work force, specifically in older @entity1 , reflecting the trend seen in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of drug treatment in @entity1 with @entity309 has increased during the past 7 years. This has been accompanied by not only a decrease in disease activity but also a considerable reduction of economic losses due to sick leave and permanent @entity717 .

title: Trends in treatment and outcomes of @entity309 in Germany 1997-2007: results from the National Database of the German XXXX Centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Collaborative Arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Collaborative Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the physician-to-dietitian referral process and dietitian practice patterns and opinions related to adult outpatients with @entity1007 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey. @entity1 : Minnesota dietitians who treat adult outpatients referred by physicians for @entity1007 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of @entity1 for whom background information or specific diet instructions were provided by referring physicians and for whom follow-up was recommended and dietary fat content calculated by the dietitians. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned by 216 of 267 eligible dietitians (81% response rate). Respondents saw, on average, 31 referred @entity1 per month, 31% of whom were referred for @entity1007 , 31% for @entity6 , and 24% for @entity28 . For @entity1 referred for @entity1007 , background information was provided by physicians 37% of the time, and specific diet instructions 15% of the time. One or more follow-up visits by the dietitians were recommended for 42% of @entity1 referred for @entity1007 , compared with 60% and 70% of @entity1 referred for @entity6 and @entity28 , respectively. The average number of additional visits within 6 months of the initial consultation recommended by dietitians was 2.0 for @entity1 referred for @entity1007 , 3.5 for @entity1 referred for @entity6 , and 6.7 for @entity1 referred for @entity28 , and the number of visits that occurred was half or less than that recommended. Dietary fat content was calculated by the dietitians for only 25% of @entity1 referred for @entity1007 . CONCLUSIONS: For adult outpatients referred to dietitians for @entity1007 , relevant @entity1 information is usually not provided by referring physicians, the number of follow-up visits is well below what would reasonably be expected to produce significant and sustained eating behavior change, and calculation of dietary fat content is generally not done. More research is needed to determine appropriate nutrition intervention protocols for these @entity1 .

title: Dietitian practices for adult outpatients with XXXX referred by physicians. The Minnesota Dietitian Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), who are not eligible for bone marrow transplantation, have a poor prognosis when treated with chemotherapy alone. @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is an effective modality against @entity3052 when used in doses of 1000-1400 cGy with hematopoietic stem cell support. We undertook a phase I study of @entity348 with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) support, without stem cell support in @entity1 with @entity3052 either in relapse or second or subsequent remission. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 , or @entity3052 in second or subsequent remission were treated in a phase I study of @entity348 followed by @entity1261 . The first dose level was 200 cGy. After the initial cohort of @entity1 it was clear that @entity1 with @entity1778 did not benefit from this treatment, and subsequent @entity1 were required to be in remission at the time of @entity348 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were treated, 4 in overt relapse, and 7 in remission. 200 cGy was used in all, and dose escalation was not possible due to prolonged @entity882 in all @entity1 but one. Neutrophil recovery was adequate in those @entity1 who remained in remission after @entity348 . @entity1 with @entity1778 had transient reduction in blast counts, but rapid recurrence of their @entity1778 . @entity1 treated in remission had short remissions, with the exception of one @entity1 who is in remission 32 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: There is some antileukemic effect of @entity348 even at 200 cGy, though this dose appears to be too low to help a significant number of @entity1 . If @entity348 is to be escalated without stem cell support, then a thrombopoietic agent will need to be used.

title: Low-dose total body irradiation and XXXX without hematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of relapsed or refractory @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), or @entity3052 in second or subsequent remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'overt leukemia']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total body irradiation', 'TBI']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: The exposure of @entity1 to the plasticizer @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) from @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) tubes and bags during dialysis has been investigated. In vitro studies of the migration of @entity5248 from hemodialysis tubes into plasma revealed a migration coefficient of 7.7 micrograms/ml/h. An artificial kidney did not influence the plasma concentration of @entity5248 . The calculated exposure from a single hemodialysis can be as much as the total annual exposure using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). CAPD fluids in @entity2634 bags contain low concentrations of @entity5248 and its hydrolysis product @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ). These phthalates were analyzed in serum from @entity1 receiving both CAPD and hemodialysis using gas chromatography. A group of @entity1 not yet on dialysis treatment was used as control. In no case could @entity5247 be detected. The @entity5248 concentration was 0.8-4.2 micrograms/ml serum in the 17 hemodialysis @entity1 after dialysis and 0.1-0.9 microgram/ml in 4 of the CAPD @entity1 . In 3 of the CAPD and all of the predialysis @entity1 , @entity5248 could not be detected (less than 0.1 microgram/ml).

title: Exposure of @entity1 to phthalates from XXXX tubes and bags during dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5247 :: ('MESH:C016599', 'Chemical') :: ['MEHP', 'mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate', 'DEHP']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinyl chloride']

answer: @entity2634 :: (MESH:D011143,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Oral immunization with @entity7878 PppA ( @entity4991 ), a recombinant strain that is able to express the pneumococcal protective protein A, can improve the resistance to respiratory challenge with @entity328 in adult @entity19 . In this study, we investigated whether oral immunization protocols using @entity4991 + are able to protect young @entity19 against pneumococcal @entity1729 . METHODS: Young @entity19 (aged, 3 weeks) were immunized orally with @entity4991 + for 5 consecutive days. Vaccination was performed once (non-boosted group), or twice with a 2-week interval between each immunization (boosted group). At the end of treatment, the specific immune responses and the resistance to @entity7706 were studied. RESULTS: We found that the oral immunization with @entity4991 + was able to induce the production of specific antibodies in the respiratory and intestinal tracts as well as systemically. Analysis of IgG subtypes showed that @entity4991 + immunization stimulated a mixed @entity630 and @entity61 response. To assess whether the production of mucosal and systemic antibodies was able to afford protection against @entity1729 , challenge experiments with the pathogenic serotypes 3, 6B, 14, and 23F were carried out. Vaccination with @entity4991 + was able to increase resistance to infection with the four serotypes of @entity2260 , although the protective capacity of the experimental vaccine was different for each of them. Immunization decreased colonization in the lung, prevented @entity2259 of serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, and decreased colony counts of serotype 3. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the oral immunization of young @entity19 with @entity4991 + effectively induces the production of specific antibodies against the antigen PppA, both in mucosae and at the systemic level. The antibodies produced may play an important role in the protection against @entity66 , since the young @entity19 immunized with the experimental vaccine showed an increased resistance to infection with different serotypes of the pathogen.

title: Resistance of young @entity19 to @entity7706 can be improved by oral vaccination with recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory pneumococcal infection', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) of the breast differs from @entity513 ( @entity513 ) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage @entity1137 and @entity513 identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage @entity1137 and @entity513 in two @entity0 @entity1 cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared. Interrelationships between @entity5 histology and other clinicopathologic variables, including ER/PR and Ki67, were analysed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-nine @entity1 were identified with @entity1137 (11.8%) and 1790 @entity1 with @entity513 . AUS @entity1 were older (p <0.001) and more often postmenopausal (p <0.03) than HK @entity1 . As expected, @entity1137 were lower in grade and proliferative rate, and more often ER-positive and @entity1722 -negative, than @entity513 (p <0.002); yet despite this, @entity1137 were as likely as @entity513 to present with nodal metastases (p >0.7). Moreover, whereas @entity513 exhibited a strongly negative relationship between ER/PR and Ki67 status (p <0.0005), @entity1137 failed to demonstrate any such inverse relationship (p >0.6). CONCLUSION: These data imply that the primary adhesion defect in @entity1137 underlies a secondary stromal-epithelial disconnect between hormonal signaling and @entity5 growth, suggesting in turn that this peritumoral feedback defect could reduce both the antimetastatic (adjuvant) and tumorilytic (palliative) efficacy of cytotoxic therapies for such @entity5 . Hence, we caution against assuming similar adjuvant chemotherapeutic survival benefits for @entity1137 and @entity513 with similar ER and Ki67, whether based on immunohistochemical or gene expression assays.

title: Lobular @entity0 lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of @entity5 in two independent @entity1 cohorts: implications for XXXX biology and adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC tumors', 'ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC tumors', 'IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1583 that are highly proliferative and have high @entity5 burden are at high risk of developing @entity5052 and @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ), spontaneously and while undergoing chemotherapy. AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of a new generic formulation of recombinant rasburicase in prevention and treatment of @entity5 -associated @entity5052 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open-label, multicenter, phase-III study was conducted on 100 eligible @entity1 with high risk for @entity5405 . Rasburicase was administered 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 30 min, daily, for 4 days. The outcome measures were percentage of reduction in plasma @entity414 at 4 h after rasburicase, plasma @entity414 area under the curve (AUC)(0-96 h) and incidence of adverse events. RESULTS: Eighty eight @entity1 completed the study period of 10 days. After rasburicase administration, there was a 75.3    28.5% of reduction in plasma @entity414 at 4 h as compared to baseline. The plasma @entity414 AUC(0-96 h) was 259.9    215.5 mg/dL h. Safety of rasburicase was assessed on the basis of changes in vitals, hematological, and biochemical parameters from baseline to termination. Except for the plasma @entity414 level, there was no significant difference in any of the parameters. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported in 29 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had serious adverse events (SAEs) unrelated to rasburicase. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that recombinant rasburicase that is indigenously developed is effective for prevention and management of @entity5052 in @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity5405 .

title: Efficacy of rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) in the prevention and treatment of XXXX -associated @entity5052 : an Indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The @entity101 Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), through a two-stage population-based screen for high blood pressure involving over 159,000 @entity1 in 14 U.S. communities, recruited and randomized 11,386 @entity1 . The design initially called for the recruitment of 800-1000 @entity101 individuals per clinic over a 9-month period. The size of the population to be screened was based on an estimated 15% of the general population being age and blood pressure (BP) eligible. All adults 30-69 years of age in defined populations were to be screened, with efforts to enroll into the trial all who met the BP eligibility criteria. Recruitment was carried out by interviewers who enumerated households and screened age-eligible individuals for elevated BP; those meeting BP criteria were invited to a clinic screen for confirmation. Of those @entity1 enumerated, 179,239 were age eligible, and 159,566 of these had home BP measurements. The home screening yielded 22,994 @entity1 who had a diastolic BP at or above 95 mm Hg, and 17,499 attended the clinic screen. At the clinic screen, 11,386 had diastolic BP at or above 90 mm Hg and were randomized into one of two treatment groups. The enumeration goal, and the recruitment yield and cost varied by clinic, primarily due to different characteristics of the defined populations. Overall, the target population approximated U.S. demographic characteristics except that a larger proportion of blacks was included. Because of generally good response rates, the randomized study population was representative of similarly aged @entity101 @entity1 in the target populations. The recruitment results suggest that a population-based screening program for a high prevalence condition such as @entity101 is an effective mode of recruitment, particularly when a population-based sample is required.

title: Recruitment in the XXXX detection and follow-up program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: In a previous study we reported that in vivo @entity172 -priming alone, without subsequent @entity1420 -treatment, was sufficient to maximize @entity10969 potentiation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone responsiveness exhibited in vitro by the @entity35 anterior pituitary. This observation suggests that the necessity, as reported by others, for both @entity172 -priming and @entity1420 -treatment to maximize @entity10969 potentiation of @entity7438 responsiveness in vivo may be due to @entity1420 acting primarily at the hypothalamus. Consequently, the current study was performed to determine whether @entity1420 facilitates gonadotropin secretion in vivo by acting to stimulate hypothalamic synthesis of @entity10969 and the subsequent elevation of anterior pituitary tissue levels of @entity10969 . Intact immature female @entity35 were injected with @entity53 at 1700 h on days 27 and 28. On day 29 at 0900 h, the animals received an injection of @entity1420 (2 mg/kg) or vehicle and were subsequently sacrificed at 1200, 1330 and 1500 @entity5698 which received only @entity53 injections were used as controls. Surge levels of serum LH and FSH were observed at 1330 and 1500 h. Hypothalamic levels of @entity10969 mRNA at 1200 h on day 29 were higher (P < 0.01) in @entity53 -primed @entity35 which received @entity1420 ; there was no accompanying statistically significant change in hypothalamic @entity10969 content. @entity10969 content in the anterior pituitary was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 1200 h on day 29 in @entity53 -primed @entity35 which received @entity1420 ; there was no accompanying significant change in anterior pituitary @entity10969 mRNA levels. Hypothalamic @entity7438 mRNA content was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 1330 h on day 29 concomitant with the peak of the gonadotropin surge in the @entity53 -primed, @entity1420 -treated @entity35 . The data indicate that @entity1420 modulates hypothalamic @entity10969 mRNA and anterior pituitary @entity10969 levels as well as @entity7438 mRNA levels and that modulation of @entity10969 levels in the @entity2339 occurs prior to modulation of @entity7438 gene expression. These studies support the hypothesis that in the @entity172 -primed @entity35 , @entity1420 facilitates the induction of the gonadotropin surge by maintaining hypothalamic synthesis of @entity10969 as well as by modulating anterior pituitary @entity10969 tissue levels.

title: Evidence that @entity1420 modulates anterior pituitary neuropeptide Y levels during the @entity1420 -induced gonadotropin surge in the @entity172 -primed intact immature female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity385 causes cell necrosis with the exposure of extracellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and other intracellular material. As shown recently, extracellular RNA impaired the blood-brain-barrier and contributed to vasogenic @entity4 . Application of @entity12450 ( @entity12450 ) diminished @entity4 and also reduced lesion volume in experimental @entity64 . Here we investigate whether reduction of lesion volume is due to the reduction of @entity4 or of other neuroprotective means. Neuroprotective and @entity4 protective effects of @entity12450 pretreatment were assessed using a temporary @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) model in @entity35 . Lesion volume was assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T2-relaxation-time and midline-shift as well as brain water content (wet-dry-method) were measured to quantify @entity4 formation. The impact of @entity4 formation on @entity1188 volume was evaluated in craniectomized animals. Exogenous @entity12450 was well tolerated and reduced @entity4 and @entity1188 size (26.7% +/- 10.7% vs. 41.0% +/- 10.3%; p<0.01) at an optimal dose of 42 microg/kg as compared to placebo. Craniectomized animals displayed a comparable @entity4 reduction but no reduction in @entity1188 size. The present study introduces a hitherto unrecognized mechanism of @entity63 @entity75 and a novel neuroprotective approach towards acute @entity64 treatment.

title: RNase therapy assessed by magnetic resonance imaging reduces cerebral edema and @entity1188 size in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'edema-formation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The @entity1068 in alcoholic beverages and the @entity3094 associated with @entity167 consumption are Group 1 @entity1 carcinogens (WHO, International Agency for Research on @entity5 ). The combination of @entity167 consumption, @entity286 smoking, the inactive heterozygous @entity264 dehydrogenase-2 genotype ( @entity6921 *1/*2) and the less-active homozygous @entity167 dehydrogenase-1B genotype ( @entity5873 *1/*1) increases the risk of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) in a multiplicative fashion in East Asians. In addition to being exposed to locally high levels of @entity1068 , the UADT is exposed to a very high concentration of @entity3094 from a variety of sources, including that as an ingredient of alcoholic beverages per se and that found in @entity286 smoke; @entity3094 is also produced by salivary microorganisms and mucosal enzymes and is present as blood @entity3094 . The inefficient degradation of @entity3094 by weakly expressed @entity6921 in the UADT may be cri! tical to the local accumulation of @entity3094 , especially in @entity6921 *1/*2 carriers. @entity5873 *1/*1 carriers tend to experience less intense @entity167 flushing and are highly susceptible to heavy drinking and @entity988 . Heavy drinking by @entity1 with the less-active @entity5873 *1/*1 leads to longer exposure of the UADT to salivary @entity1068 and @entity3094 . The @entity6921 *1/*2 genotype is a very strong predictor of synchronous and metachronous multiple SCCs in the UADT. High red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV), @entity2910 , and @entity1709 in the UADT, all of which are frequently found in @entity6921 *1/*2 drinkers, are useful for identifying high-risk individuals. We invented a simple flushing questionnaire that enables prediction of the @entity6921 phenotype. New health appraisal models that include @entity6921 genotype, the simple flushing questionnaire, or MCV are powerful tools for devising a new strategy for prevention and screening for @entity5 in East Asians.

title: @entity167 and XXXX dehydrogenase polymorphisms and a new strategy for prevention and screening for @entity5 in the upper aerodigestive tract in East Asians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['UADT cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity264 :: (CHEBI:17478,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']


abstract: From 1985 to 1997, 442 @entity1 were treated for @entity1644 . One hundred and eighty eight had @entity1644 in association with @entity1645 . In 65% of the case @entity1635 was the initial symptom. All these @entity1 were treated by posterior fossa decompression, 95% were clinically improved or stabilized. The @entity1635 remained unchanged or improved in only 44% of the cases. Many other causes of @entity154 have been found ( @entity1645 , @entity1646 , @entity91 , @entity1647 , posterior fossa cysts, @entity99 , or other causes of @entity428 ). All these @entity1 were treated by posterior fossa decompression or when possible treatment of the cause. Features and results are presented. Spinal causes ( @entity601 , @entity362 , ventricule terminalis, @entity5 ...) are presented. Whe discuss the treatment of @entity1635 with specific attention to @entity1635 associated to @entity1648 .

title: [ @entity1644 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['craniovertebral junction anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lipomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari II, achondroplasia', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1647 :: ('MESH:D003616', 'Disease') :: ['Dandy-Walker malformation']

entities_list: @entity1648 :: ('MESH:C566084', 'Disease') :: ['isolated syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['diastematomyelias']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['birth injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether retardation (change in polarization) measurements of healthy subjects and @entity726 @entity1 obtained by using a confocal scanning laser polarimeter correspond to known properties of the nerve fiber layer. METHODS: A polarimeter, an optical device used to measure the change in linear polarization of light (retardation), was interfaced with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope to obtain retardation data at 65,536 locations (256 x 256 pixels) in a study of normal subjects and @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . To validate the instrument, we compared our measurements with known properties of the @entity1 retinal nerve fiber layer in 105 normal subjects. Additionally, we compared retardation measurements in eyes of 64 normal subjects and 64 age-matched @entity726 @entity1 treated in a referral practice. RESULTS: In normal eyes, mean (+/- S.D.) @entity1032 was highest in the superior and inferior arcuate regions and lowest in the temporal and nasal regions, 12.0 +/- 1.9, 13.1 +/- 2.0, 7.0 +/- 1.8, and 7.0 +/- 1.6 degrees, respectively. Retardation decreased toward the periphery and was lower over blood vessels. In normal eyes, retardation decreased with increasing age in the superior and inferior regions. Mean retardation was statistically significantly higher among normal eyes than @entity726 eyes in the inferior and superior regions but not in the temporal or nasal areas. CONCLUSIONS: Scanning laser polarimetry provides quantitative measurements that correspond to known properties of the retinal nerve fiber layer in normal and @entity735 .

title: Scanning laser polarimetry to measure the nerve fiber layer of normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary retardation']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity5925 is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute @entity39 of skeletal muscles along with the release of breakdown products into the bloodstream. @entity5925 is potentially lethal and its most serious complication is @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Diagnosis is established by the 5-times elevation (975 UI/l) over the upper limit of @entity908 -kinase (CK). @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on Salamanca University Hospital for the period 1999-2010. There were 449 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5925 over which we tested demographic, etiologic, analytic, complication and mortality variables. RESULTS: Out of 449 @entity1 , 69% were male. Average age was 66.5    21 years. Most frequent etiologies were @entity130 , @entity295 and immobility/crushing (24, 19 and 17% respectively). Maximum levels of CK were 343,170 ng/ml and its increase did not show significant association with mortality or @entity810 . This was found in 54% of @entity1 (mean @entity1011 3.03 mg/dl) and it was significantly associated with mortality (P <. 001). Global mortality was 18.7%. There were no significant associations between mortality and unique or multiple causes. However, there were significant associations between mortality and age (P <. 001) and 90% of @entity204 occurred among @entity1 over 60 years old. CONCLUSION: @entity5925 prevails in elder males. @entity130 , @entity295 and immobility/crushing are the most frequent etiologies. CK values are not related with @entity810 or mortality. Mortality is associated with most frequent causes, old age and @entity810 .

title: [ XXXX . A descriptive study of 449 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyolysis', 'rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: 1. The @entity1 thymus-brain antigen, which corresponds to the @entity19 ( @entity19 or @entity35 ) @entity5399 complex, was isolated from brain after solubilization in deoxycholate by gel-permeation chromatography, @entity3505 -germ-lectin affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. The isolated antigen is a glycoprotein displaying an apparent molecular weight of 26 000-29 000 in @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. 3. No antigen activity was found with the lipid fraction from @entity1 brain. 4. The protein has a tendency for spontaneous self-association (dimerization), leading to aggregates resistant to dissociating and reducing agents on prolonged storage. 5. The antigen is microheterogeneous with respect to size, charge (approximate isoelectric points of the monomer 7.7, 7.0 and 6.5) and to lectin-binding affinity. 6. The antigen can be reconstituted to protein-lipid vesicles. The antigen activity of solubilized antigen is strongly increased by reconstitution and that of membranes decreased by solubilization with detergent.

title: Isolation and characterization of the thymus-brain antigen (analogous to @entity5399 ) from XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 is debilitating and has multidimensional consequences. It can be treated adequately in up to 90% of @entity1 by following @entity158 management guidelines. Nevertheless, inadequate @entity158 control remains a global problem. OBJECTIVES: We surveyed prescribing patterns in @entity1 referred to our Palliative Medicine Program (PMP) to identify common errors in opioid use. METHODS: Consecutive @entity5 @entity1 seen by our PMP were prospectively surveyed for the presence of @entity158 and errors in opioid prescribing at the time of initial consultation. Our recommendations to correct and optimize @entity158 management also were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-six consecutive @entity5 @entity1 were screened. One hundred seventeen (63%) had @entity5 , 151 opioid prescribing errors were detected, and 147 different recommendations were made. Most common were failure to order around-the-clock opioids for constant @entity158 , and the failure to treat or prevent opioid side effects. Multiple errors were more common in females, but the sex difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the errors by @entity158 severity or reason for consultation. CONCLUSION: Opioid prescribing errors were common. Females may be at greater risk of @entity2246 . A PM consultation program is effective in identifying and correcting a wide variety of opioid prescribing errors.

title: Errors in opioid prescribing: a prospective survey in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer pain', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['multiple errors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate preliminary results in terms of @entity137 , @entity5 control, and survival after preoperative concomitant chemoradiation for operable bulky cervical @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between December 1991 and October 2001, 42 @entity1 (pts) with bulky cervical @entity189 stage @entity3847 (11 pts), IIA (15 pts), and IIB (16 pts) with 1/3 proximal parametrial invasion. Median age was 45 years (range: 24-75 years) and clinical median cervical @entity5 size was 5 cm (range: 4.1-8 cm). A clinical pelvic lymph node involvement has been observed in 10 pts. All @entity1 underwent preoperative external beam pelvic radiation therapy (EBPRT) and concomitant chemotherapy during the first and the fourth radiation weeks combining @entity1487 and @entity900 . The pelvic dose was 40.50 Gy over 4.5 weeks. EBPRT was followed by low-dose-rate uterovaginal brachytherapy with a total dose of 20 Gy in 17 pts. After a rest period of 5-6 weeks, all pts underwent class II modified radical hysterectomy with bilateral lymphadenectomy. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed in eight pts without pathologic para-aortic lymph node involvement. Twenty-one of 25 pts who had not received preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy underwent postoperative low-dose-rate vaginal brachytherapy of 20 Gy. The median follow-up was 31 months (range: 3-123 months). RESULTS: Pathologic @entity5 or lymph node involvement was observed in 23 pts. Among the 22 pts with pathologic residual cervical @entity5 (<0.5 cm: nine pts; >or=0.5 to <or=1 cm: three pts; >1 cm: 10 pts), seven underwent preoperative EBRT followed by uterovaginal brachytherapy vs. 15 treated with preoperative EBRT alone (P = 0.23). Four pts had pathologic lymph node involvement, three pts had @entity5 , and four pts had pathologic parametrial invasion. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 85% and 74%, respectively. The 2- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 80% and 71%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, the pathologic residual cervical @entity5 size was the single independent factor decreasing the probability of DFS (P = 0.0054). The 5-year local control rate and metastatic failure rate were 90% and 83.5%, respectively. Haematological effects were moderate. However, six pts had grade 3 acute intestinal @entity137 . Four severe late complications requiring surgical intervention were observed (one small bowel complication, three @entity1901 ). CONCLUSION: Primary concomitant chemoradiation followed surgery for bulky operable @entity5 can be employed with acceptable @entity137 . However, systematic preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy should increase @entity5 control.

title: [Preoperative concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy for operable bulky XXXX of uterine cervix stages @entity3847 , IIA, and IIB with proximal parametrial invasion].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'vaginal residual tumour', 'local tumour', 'stage I-II cervical carcinomas', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) on systemic circulation in @entity1 with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) in the phase of exacerbation. 65 @entity1 aged 36-77 years were divided into study (n = 20) and control (n = 45) groups. In addition, 30 healthy subjects were examined. @entity1 of the study group received drug therapy combined with intravenous blood or skin laser irradiation. Controls were treated with medicinal preparations alone. @entity1689 was diagnosed based on @entity158 , compromised secretory function of the pancreas, results of laboratory and instrumental analysis. Microcirculation was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry with a LAKK-02 apparatus (Lazma, Russia). @entity1689 @entity1 had heterogeneous microcirculation with a significantly increased frequency of its pathologic types ( @entity508 , hyperemic, @entity508 -congestive). Major characteristics of microcirculation were significantly different from those in healthy subjects. Combination of drug therapy and LILT substantially improved microcirculation regardless of its hemodynamic type.

title: [Types of microcirculation and laser therapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ), its clinical and neuroimaging characteristics and response to treatments. BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity2360 is a chronic @entity75 with predominant motor signs in the context of severe @entity409 . Its clinical picture is not well defined, and its prevalence and risk factors are not well known. METHODS: Review of a database of 1000 @entity1 with @entity82 to identify cases of @entity2360 . Clinical and neuroimaging data, follow-up and response to treatments, including liver transplantation, were recorded. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with @entity2360 were identified. Its prevalence was 0.8% of @entity1 with @entity82 . The main risk factor for @entity2360 was the presence of portosystemic shunts. @entity717 , especially a combination of @entity304 and cerebellar signs were observed in all @entity1 . All @entity2360 cases showed on MRI T1-weighted images hyperintensities in the globus pallidus, and 75% had extrapallidal involvement as well. Antiparkisonian drugs and treatments to prevent acute @entity75 were ineffective. Three @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation did not experience neurological improvement. Persistence of portosystemic shunts was demonstrated in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired @entity2360 is a chronic @entity75 which occurs in    1% of @entity1 with @entity1575 and seems related to portosystemic shunts. Its is characterized by a combination of @entity304 and cerebellar signs. MRI pallidal and @entity75 are seen in most @entity1 , probably reflecting intracerebral deposits of @entity921 . Liver transplant did not improve the neurological signs in our @entity1 , perhaps because of the persistence of portosystemic shunts.

title: Acquired XXXX : clinical characteristics and MRI findings.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy', 'extrapallidal lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocerebral degeneration', 'AHD', 'acquired hepatocerebral degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement disorders']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['hepatocerebral degeneration']


abstract: Background. No immunogenicity data has been reported after a single dose of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV- @entity14849  ) and no data are available on co-administration of this vaccine with the HAV/ @entity97 vaccine (Twinrix-Junior  ). Two pre-licensure studies reported similar anti-HPV but lower anti-HBs titers when co-administering HPV and @entity97 vaccines.    Objectives. To assess the immunogenicity of the qHPV and HAV/ @entity97 vaccine when co-administered (Group-Co-adm) or given one month apart (Group-Sep) and to measure the persistence of HPV antibodies three years post-second dose of qHPV vaccine in both study groups. Methods. 416 9-10 year-old @entity1 were enrolled. Vaccination schedule was 0-6 months. Anti-HAV and anti-HBs were measured in all subjects 6 months post-first dose and 1 month post-second dose. Anti-HPV were measured 6 months post-first dose in Group-Co-adm and in all subjects 1 and 36 months post-second dose. Results. Six months post-first dose: 100% of subjects had detectable anti-HAV and 56% and 73% had detectable anti-HBs in Group-Co-Adm and Group-Sep, respectively. In Group-Co-adm 94, 100, 99 and 96% had detectable antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, respectively. One month post-second dose of qHPV and HAV/ @entity97 vaccine, in both study groups 99.5-100% of subjects had an anti-HAV titer >=  20IU/L, 97.5-97.6% an anti-HBs level >=  10IU/L, and 100% had an anti-HPV titer >=  3LU. Thirty-six months post-second dose of qHPV all but four subjects (99%) had antibodies to HPV18 and 100% had antibodies to HPV6, 11 and 16. The great majority (97-100%) had an anti-HPV titer >=  3 LU. Post-second dose administration of qHPV and HAV/ @entity97 , no meaningful difference was observed in the immune response in the two study groups to any component of vaccines. Conclusions. The results indicate that qHPV and HAV/ @entity97 can be given during the same vaccination session. Two doses of of qHPV and HAV/ @entity97 vaccines induce a strong immune response. Three years post-second dose of qHPV, the great majority of subjects had antibodies to HPV types included in the vaccine. A two-dose schedule for pre-adolescents might be a reasonable alternative to the currently approved three-dose schedules.

title: Immunogenicity of quadrivalent HPV and combined hepatitis A and B vaccine when co-administered or administered one month apart to 9-10 year-old XXXX according to 0-6 month schedule.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of frozen-thawed @entity95 oocytes to be fertilized in vitro. After superovulation with FSH a total of 1040 oocytes was obtained by puncturing the follicles 6 or 9 h after the injection of LH or by flushing the oviducts 12 h after LH application. 1.5 M @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) was used as cryoprotective agent and the oocytes were transferred into 0.25 ml French straws and cooled in a @entity1042 bath to -30 degrees C and transferred to liquid @entity1568 . After 1-14 days of storage the oocytes were thawed rapidly in a 15 degrees C water bath and @entity3733 was diluted in a stepwise manner. Subsequently the oocytes were cultured in Ham's F-10 + 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C and 5% @entity515 for 14, 7 and 4 h according to the time of oocyte collection. The survival rates of the oocytes based on morphological criteria were 5.4, 20.0 and 28.8%, respectively. For chromosomal analysis, morphologically intact frozen-thawed oocytes were fixed and stained using the technique described by Tarkowski. In 44 successful chromosomal preparations, 2 of 2, 10 of 19 and 22 of 23 preparations of oocytes collected 6, 9 and 12 h after LH application were in metaphase-II, respectively. Furthermore, the viability of the oocytes was also examined by using @entity10156 . Out of 52 morphologically intact oocytes, 50 showed a positive intracellular fluorescence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Successful in-vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulphoxide', 'DMSO']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Gene expression of growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), @entity470 ( @entity470 ), oncogenes such as @entity517 , @entity8497 , @entity1722 and @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 were studied in 4 @entity1 @entity2 cell lines using Northern blot technique. Among these cell lines were 2 @entity420 cell lines, one @entity152 cell line and one @entity4153 cell line. Expression of EGF and @entity7790 mRNAs were found in all 4 cell lines and EFGR mRNA was seen in 3 out of 4 cell lines. Among these cell lines, 2 cell lines with weaker expression of EGF and @entity7790 , expressed @entity517 mRNA. Another 2 cell lines had no @entity517 but expressed large amounts of EGF and @entity7790 mRNA. No expression of @entity8497 , @entity1722 and @entity876 were found in these cell lines. The results indicate the presence of autocrine loop of growth factors in these @entity5 cells. The autostimulation of growth factors may be the main cause for the uncontrolled growth of @entity5 cells. After treating the @entity5 cells with EGF, anti-EGF and anti- @entity470 antibodies, EGF was found to exert a mild stimulating effect on the growth of one cell line, but no effect on the other cell lines. Anti-EGF and anti- @entity470 antibodies inhibited the cell growth on all cell lines. These results provided further evidence for the presence of autocrine loop of growth factors in these @entity2 cell lines.

title: [Gene expression of growth factors, growth factor receptor and oncogenes in @entity1 XXXX cell lines].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in aging @entity1 and are often associated with @entity323 ( @entity323 ). The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and the Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 (SHIM) are commonly used validated instruments for LUTS and @entity323 , respectively. We explored the correlation between LUTS (assessed by IPSS) and @entity323 (assessed by SHIM) in @entity1 over 40 years of age. METHODS: A total of 585 @entity1 , 40 years and above, who presented with LUTS were prospectively enrolled into the study at single tertiary academic center. All @entity1 were evaluated using SHIM and IPSS questionnaires. The self-administered IPSS and SHIM questionnaires were translated in the local language (not validated yet) as well. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. The correlation coefficient between IPSS and SHIM scores were determined, and the scatter diagram was made. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean age (SD) of the group was 59.61    11.75 years. The correlation between age and @entity323 was statistically significant (P value < 0.001) with coefficient of 0.376. The correlation between age and LUTS was statistically significant (P value < 0.001) with coefficient of 0.312. Additionally, the correlation between @entity323 and LUTS was statistically significant (P value < 0.001) with coefficient of 0.336. CONCLUSIONS: We noted a significant correlation between the severity of LUTS and @entity323 , while confirming the earlier established correlation between age, LUTS, and @entity323 . The exact nature of this relationship and its pathophysiology needs to be determined by further studies.

title: The correlation between international prostate symptoms score and sexual health inventory in XXXX with lower urinary tract symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac @entity3 from @entity3557 are very uncommon. Their incidence is rising due to improvements in survival and diagnosis; nevertheless, our @entity1 is the fourth case reported up to date. There are no clinical trials available in this scenario. Therefore, treatment choice is made based on clinical experience and case reports; notably, the largest case report series was prior to the approval for using @entity669 -kinase inhibitors in @entity259 . @entity1 : A 73-year-old lady had dedifferentiated @entity3557 with ongoing @entity2857 . After 9 months on this treatment, she presented with @entity1353 and @entity712 . Differential diagnosis included @entity281 and @entity1370 . After a comprehensive assessment (echocardiography, computed tomography, PET, magnetic resonance), we found progression of @entity358 , and the appearance of heart @entity3 . RESULTS: After recovering from the basal status, she started on second-line treatment with @entity2240 , which was well-tolerated. She achieved stable disease with a decrease in @entity5 marker levels. CONCLUSIONS: We should include cardiac @entity3 in the differential diagnosis of @entity712 in @entity5 @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for assessment. @entity2857 is the mainstay of the first-line therapy in metastatic @entity259 , achieving long-term disease control with good tolerance. @entity2240 could be a safe second-line treatment option (not @entity1370 related) with promising results. Therefore, our report presents a sequence of treatment with @entity669 -kinase inhibitors in metastatic @entity259 with an encouraging outcome, which deserves further investigation.

title: @entity712 as first sign of development of cardiac XXXX in a @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity3557 on treatment with @entity669 -kinase inhibitors: differential diagnoses and clinical management.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: In the Far East, hepatic resection is the definitive treatment for complicated intrahepatic stones (IHS). However, many investigators have reported that the associated @entity9744 is the main cause of treatment failure. A retrospective comparative study was undertaken to clarify the long-term efficacy of hepatic resection for treatment of IHS and to investigate the clinical significance of @entity9744 in treatment failure after hepatic resection performed in 44 @entity1 with symptomatic IHS. The @entity1 were divided into two study groups: group A, with @entity9744 (n = 28) and group B, without @entity850 (n = 16). Residual or recurrent stones, recurrence of @entity9744 , late @entity255 , and final outcomes were analyzed and compared statistically between the two groups. The @entity1 were followed up for a median duration of 65 months after hepatectomy. The overall incidence of residual or recurrent stones was 36% and 11%, respectively, in groups A and B. The initial treatment failure rate was 50% in group A and 31% in group B. Intrahepatic biliary @entity850 recurred in 46% of @entity1 in group A, while none of the group B @entity1 had biliary @entity850 recurrence (P = 0.001). More than two-thirds of the restrictures in group A were identified at the primary site. The incidence of late @entity255 was higher in group A (54%) than in group B (6%) (P = 0. 002). Three-quarters of the @entity1 with @entity255 in group A had severe @entity255 , that was recurrent, and related to stones and strictures (n = 11). They and 2 asymptomatic @entity1 in group B required secondary procedures done at a median of 12 months after hepatectomy. Final outcomes after hepatectomy with or without secondary management were good in 80%, fair in 16%, and poor in 4% of our 44 @entity1 . Most recurrent @entity255 after hepatectomy in @entity1 with IHS was related to recurrent @entity513 . Therefore, to be effective, hepatic resection should include the strictured duct. However, with hepatectomy alone it is difficult to clear the IHS or relieve the ductal strictures completely, particularly in @entity1 with bilateral IHS, so perioperative team approaches that include both radiologic and cholangioscopic interventions should be combined for the effective management of IHS.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX in efficacy of hepatic resection for intrahepatic stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic ductal strictures']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity9744 :: (MESH:D002780,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic biliary stricture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in the preterm @entity1 is frequently due to @entity1030 . Rarely, @entity120 can be caused by @entity849 that has been described to be associated with prematurity. This study is a retrospective analysis of all premature @entity1 <37  weeks of gestation with @entity849 and @entity120 in two French pediatric congenital cardiac centers from 1998 till 2015. Diagnosis, hemodynamics and outcome are described. Sixteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Median gestational age was 28  weeks (25  +  6-35) with a median birth weight of 842  g (585-1500). The majority of @entity1 (87.5  %) had @entity1030 and associated @entity299 . Median age at diagnosis was 6.6  months (1.5-71). Fifty-six percentage (n  =  9) had initially unilateral @entity849 affecting in 89  % the left PV. Median initial invasive mean pulmonary artery pressure was 42  mmHg (25-70). Treatment options included surgical intervention (n  =  6), interventional cardiac catheter (n  =  3) and/or targeted therapy for @entity120 (n  =  5). In six @entity1 , decision of nonintervention was taken. Global mortality was 44  %. All @entity204 occurred within 7  months after diagnosis regardless of chosen treatment option. Mean follow-up was 6  years (4.9  months-12  years). At last visit, all eight survivors were in stable clinical condition with five of them receiving targeted therapy for @entity120 . @entity849 is an unusual cause of @entity120 in the premature @entity1 with @entity1030 . Diagnosis is challenging since initial echocardiography can be normal and the disease is progressive. Treatment options are numerous, but prognosis remains guarded.

title: Pulmonary Hypertension in the Preterm @entity1 with @entity1030 can be Caused by XXXX : A Must-Know Entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'PHT', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis', 'PV stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Vein Stenosis']


abstract: The effect of different @entity505 sources on the biosynthesis of @entity4582 by Streptomyces olivocinereus 11-98 was studied. Inverse relationship between the culture growth rate and the biosynthesis of @entity4582 in the media with different @entity3363 was shown. @entity4583 and @entity413 provided the highest culture growth rate, while the levels of the antibiotic biosynthesis were the lowest. With the use of @entity1132 the culture growth rate was the lowest and the antibiotic biosynthesis level was the highest. The level of the antibiotic biosynthesis was determined not only by the culture growth rate but also by the nature of the @entity505 source. With the use of @entity413 repression of @entity4582 biosynthesis was much lower than that with the use of @entity4583 , while the culture growth rates were similar. Addition of @entity413 to the medium with @entity1132 resulted in increasing of the antibiotic biosynthesis as long as the @entity413 concentration in the medium increased. @entity653 proved to be the most favourable @entity505 source for the biosynthesis of @entity4582 . It also provided a comparatively high rate of the culture growth. @entity4583 inhibited the antibiotic synthesis in the medium with @entity653 and the inhibition level rose with an increase in the @entity4583 concentration. It is suggested that regulation of @entity4582 biosynthesis is of the " @entity413 effect" type.

title: [Regulation of XXXX biosynthesis by the @entity505 source].

entities_list: @entity4582 :: ('MESH:C007912', 'Chemical') :: ['heliomycin']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose', 'Arabinose']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4582 :: (MESH:C007912,Chemical) :: ['heliomycin']


abstract: The structural and functional integrity of the cell is largely maintained by protein-protein interactions. Recently, we demonstrated that multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) constructed from 60 kDa Ro sequence could be used to show intramolecular and intermolecular protein-protein interaction within the 60 kDa Ro ribonucleoprotein particle. We were interested in understanding the mechanism of this binding and hypothesized that this interaction might be mediated through divalent metal ions. The 60 kDa Ro-MAPs failed to interact with purified 60 kDa Ro in the presence of @entity1098 or EGTA when analyzed by Ouchterlony or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. When purified 60 kDa Ro was incubated with various metal ions such as @entity8863 , @entity1025 , @entity8862 and @entity141 , and analyzed by Ouchterlony or SPR for binding to specific 60 kDa Ro-MAPs only @entity141 ions significantly increased the binding. It was interesting to note that recombinant 60 kDa Ro formed precipitin lines with Ro-MAPs only in the presence of @entity141 ions. Anti- @entity6539 containing @entity1252 sera bound to recombinant @entity6539 strongly when incubated in the presence of @entity141 ions but not in the absence of @entity141 ions. Using SPR analysis we also found that native @entity6539 binds to La only in the presence of @entity141 . These data imply that @entity141 induces a more native tertiary structure to recombinant 60 kDa Ro and makes it more antigenic. Thus, the observed intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and antigen-antibody interactions could be @entity141 ion mediated conformational interactions, and we propose that 60 kDa Ro is a @entity460 binding protein.

title: Interaction of @entity460 and XXXX : increase of antigenicity.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6539 :: (6738,Gene) :: ['Ro60']


abstract: We have previously shown in animals that @entity1943 released from @entity2951 -sensitive afferents in response to @entity32 and tissue damage exerts systemic anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions. Since peptidergic sensory innervation of the airways and the joints are particularly dense, we aimed at investigating the alterations of plasma @entity1943 -like immunoreactivity (SST- @entity3162 ) in response to thoracic and orthopedic surgery, as well as @entity295 . Thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopy, hip and knee endoprosthesis were performed under general anesthesia. Blood was taken before, during and after the surgical procedures, as well as at admission and every consecutive morning from septic @entity1 receiving exclusively total parenteral nutrition. SST- @entity3162 was determined from the plasma with specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory. Plasma SST- @entity3162 in healthy volunteers and preoperatively was 8-12fmol/ml. Both thoracotomy and thoracoscopy significantly increased SST- @entity3162 by 55-60% at the end of the procedures when the thoracic cavity and the skin were closed. Hip endoprosthesis implantation elevated SST- @entity3162 by 30% after skin incision, which increased further to 55% by the time the surgery was completed. In contrast, knee operations performed under tourniquet did not alter SST- @entity3162 in the systemic circulation. SST- @entity3162 was almost 3-fold higher in the plasma of septic @entity1 than in healthy volunteers. This @entity1 study revealed that thoracic/hip surgery and @entity295 elevate SST- @entity3162 in the systemic circulation, presumably by inducing its release from sensory fibres. It is concluded, that the endogenous protective mechanism mediated by neural @entity1943 , which has been evidenced in animals, is likely to operate in @entity1 .

title: Surgery and @entity295 increase @entity1943 -like immunoreactivity in the XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To contrast the neuropsychological profiles of @entity191 @entity1 , before and after fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue transplantation. DESIGN: Case series of personally examined @entity1 . SETTING: @entity1 were evaluated by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuropsychologists as outpatients at a university hospital. @entity1 : Fetal mesencephalic tissue was implanted in the right caudate nucleus of three @entity1 and both nuclei of one @entity1 . These @entity1 were evaluated prior to surgery and at 12, 24, and 26 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the test battery identified four statistically orthogonal test clusters. No statistically significant changes were identified postoperatively for clusters assessing verbal cognitive ability, nonverbal cognitive ability, and information-processing speed. An improvement of verbal memory cluster index was observed 12 months after surgery, and the improvement reached the level of statistical significance at 24 months after surgery. However, the verbal memory of all @entity1 declined between 24 and 36 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal tissue transplantation to one or both caudate nuclei did not permanently arrest @entity73 . Although there is some evidence of improved cognitive ability after transplantation, it is improbable that normal cognitive function can be restored by this procedure because the impairments of cognitive ability associated with @entity191 do not appear to originate solely from @entity935 deficiency.

title: General cognitive ability following unilateral and bilateral fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue transplantation for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to identify and quantify relationships among dairy @entity291 @entity558 score ( @entity12583 ) and body weight (BW) and production variables in pasture-based, seasonal-calving herds. More than 2,500 lactation records from 897 spring-calving Holstein-Friesian and Jersey dairy @entity291 were used in the analyses. Six variables related to @entity12583 , including observations precalving, at calving, and nadir as well as days to nadir and change precalving and between calving and nadir were generated. An exponential function was fitted within lactation to milk and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield data to model lactation curves. The milk production variables investigated were the parameters of the fitted function as well as accumulated yield of milk and FCM at 60 and 270 days in milk and average milk composition. Mixed models were used to identify @entity12583 variables that significantly affected milk production. After adjusting for the fixed effect of year of calving, parity, and days dry, milk and FCM yields were nonlinearly associated with calving and nadir @entity12583 , increasing at a declining rate up to @entity12583 6.0 to 6.5 (10-point scale; approximately 3.5 in the 5-point scale) and declining thereafter. However, there was very little increase in milk and FCM yields above a calving @entity12583 of 5.0 (approximately 3.0 in the 5-point scale). Average milk fat content over 60 and 270 days in milk was positively correlated with increasing calving and nadir @entity12583 . In comparison, milk protein percentage was not influenced by calving @entity12583 but was positively associated with nadir @entity12583 and negatively associated with @entity12583 lost between calving and nadir. The effect of BW and changes in BW were similar to the effect of @entity12583 , although the scale of the effect was breed-dependent. For example, milk and FCM yield increased linearly with increasing calving @entity12583 , but the effect was greater in Holstein-Friesians compared with Jersey @entity291 . The results are consistent with the literature and highlight the important role that @entity12583 loss has on milk production, irrespective of the system of farming.

title: Relationships among XXXX score, body weight, and milk production variables in pasture-based dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['body condition']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['body condition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors affecting outcome in @entity1 with blunt @entity7086 , including anatomical @entity299 , associated injury, clinical presentation, age, mechanism of injury, diagnostic method, surgical intervention, and presence of vital signs in the field and on arrival. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: A community-based level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : A consecutive series of 27 @entity1 seen between 1984 and 1993. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival with return to preinjury activity. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (41%) survived resuscitation, surgery, and initial hospital care. Survivors had a lower mean Injury Severity Score (38) than nonsurvivors (62) (P < .05). Three (33%) of nine @entity1 who arrived with no blood pressure or viable electrical heart rhythm survived. No @entity1 survived rupture of two cardiac chambers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with blunt @entity7086 who present with @entity1167 can survive. Nonsurvivors tend to have more associated injuries, as indicated by higher Injury Severity Scores. Our institution's overall survival rate of 41% (11/27) compares favorably with rates at other @entity130 centers.

title: Blunt @entity7086 . The Emanuel XXXX Center experience.

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of @entity2074 ( @entity2074 ) and its relationship with possible causes, especially @entity167 consumption and @entity409 . Four hundred thirty-two consecutively hospitalized @entity1 were examined for evidence of @entity2074 . They were divided into five groups based on the following clinical, biologic, and histologic criteria: alcoholic @entity82 (89 @entity1 ), noncirrhotic @entity5881 (55 @entity1 ), @entity5882 without @entity409 (46 @entity1 ), @entity409 (68 @entity1 ), and a control group (174 @entity1 ). The prevalence of @entity2074 in these five groups of @entity1 was 32.5%, 22%, 28%, 6%, and 12%, respectively; the prevalence of @entity2074 was higher in @entity1 with cirrhotic or noncirrhotic @entity5881 (25.5%) than it was in @entity1 with @entity409 (6%), but it was not significantly different in alcoholic @entity1 with or without @entity409 . The relationship between @entity2074 and age, sex, manual labor, previous @entity5883 , @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, and cigarette smoking was assessed by univariate and logistic regression methods. Nine variables were significantly different in @entity1 with or without @entity2074 : age, sex, manual labor, previous @entity5883 , @entity6 , daily @entity167 consumption, duration of @entity167 consumption, total @entity167 consumption, and duration of cigarette smoking. In our @entity1 , variables that could explain @entity2074 were, in decreasing order, age, total @entity167 consumption, sex (male), and previous @entity5883 . In alcoholic @entity1 , these variables were age and previous @entity5883 ; in nonalcoholic @entity1 , these variables were age and cigarette smoking. These results emphasize the high prevalence of @entity2074 in alcoholic @entity1 and the absence of a correlation between @entity2074 . Age and @entity167 consumption are the best explanatory variables of @entity2074 in hospitalized @entity1 .

title: @entity2074 , XXXX consumption, and @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic chronic liver disease', 'nonalcoholic liver disease', 'chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['DC', 'DC and chronic liver disease', "Dupuytren's contracture"]

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success rate of the @entity1 with @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) treated with @entity9001 . METHODS: Data from @entity1 with established criteria of @entity2489 were collected using a web-based reporting system from 16 February, 2006 to June 23, 2009. One hundred and seventeen @entity1 coming from 10 ICUs from Argentina were studied. RESULTS: Overall, attending physician reported clinical success in 74 @entity1 (63%; 95%CI 54.08-72.41%). Global mortality proportion was 33% (39/117 @entity1 ). @entity1 with APACHE II score at admission > or = 15 showed a clinical success rate significantly lower and a mortality rate significantly higher than those with APACHE II score at admission less than 15 (52.6% [30/57] vs 73.3% [44/60]; p 0.0332, and 45.6% [26/57]vs 21.7% [13/60]; p 0.0108). The etiology of @entity2489 was established in 60 @entity1 (51%). Acinetobacter spp. (59%; in 84% of cases carbapenems-resistant), and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (22%) were the most common microorganisms isolated. Eleven @entity1 (1.5%) had @entity2489 with @entity2259 (respiratory sample and blood cultures positive for the same pathogens). CONCLUSIONS: As initial evidence, our results suggest that @entity9001 may be an acceptable alternative for therapy in @entity1 with @entity2489 . Nevertheless, only controlled clinical trials will provide the evidence to support approval for new indications.

title: @entity9001 in the treatment of @entity2489 : experience from the Latin American XXXX Use Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity9001 :: (MESH:C119092,Chemical) :: ['Tigecycline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Spontaneous @entity6234 ( @entity6234 ) is a rare but disabling condition, accounting for only 4.1% of all intraspinal @entity1410 . Risk factors include @entity2758 , @entity1003 , therapeutic anticoagulation, underlying @entity5 , or following spinal puncture. @entity2067 antagonists, antiplatelet agents, and @entity6235 have been associated with SSDHs in prior reports. To the best of our knowledge, no cases have reported this association with the @entity6236 inhibitor, @entity3925 , and SSDHs. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 69-year-old Honduran @entity1 with a 5-year history of symptomatic palpitations due to non-valvular @entity955 . He was initially refractory to pharmacologic therapy. He underwent cardioversion in February 2014. After cardioversion, he remained asymptomatic on @entity6237 . He was anticoagulated on @entity3925 20 mg daily without incident since early 2013 until presentation in August 2014. He presented with @entity615 after minimal movement. This was immediately followed by bilateral lower extremity paresis rapidly progressing to @entity451 with bowel and @entity1494 over 15 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an acute @entity6234 extending from T3 inferiorly to the conus medullaris. Six months after undergoing cervical and lumbar drainage procedures, he has not recovered bowel, bladder, or lower extremity neurologic function. CONCLUSIONS Non-traumatic spontaneous @entity6234 is a rare neurological emergency that may occur during the use of @entity3925 in @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 . Physicians should suspect @entity6234 in @entity1 on @entity3925 with acute onset of severe back @entity158 and neurologic symptoms to improve the odds of a favorable outcome.

title: Non-Traumatic Spontaneous Spinal Subdural XXXX in a @entity1 with Non-Valvular @entity955 During Treatment with @entity3925 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6235 :: ('MESH:D006496', 'Chemical') :: ['heparinoids']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6234 :: ('MESH:D046649', 'Disease') :: ['SSDH', 'spinal subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of excruciating upper and lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['Hematoma']


abstract: Epidemiology of @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is not well known. The purpose of this study is to assess @entity3039 incidence at a nationwide level (France) with recent data (mid-2009 to mid-2011, 129 248 543 @entity1 -years). Data source is French health insurance database. We selected cases with diagnosis codes in hospital stay and long-term disease attributions, thus restricting to ITPs necessitating healthcare. We studied incidence by age, gender, calendar month and regions, the proportion of secondary ITPs, of ITPs becoming persistent or chronic, and of severe @entity548 at disease onset. We identified 3771 incident @entity3039 @entity1 . Incidence was 2.9/100 000 @entity1 -years with peaks among @entity1 and after 60 years. @entity3039 was more frequent among males in these subgroups especially after 75 years (9/100 000 @entity1 -years). It was lower in overseas Caribbean French departments, suggesting a lower incidence among Afro-American @entity1 . There was a North-South gradient in mainland France and seasonal variations (peak in winter, nadir in summer). Persistence or chronicity occurred in 36% of @entity1 , compared with 67% of adults. Among adults, 18% of ITPs were secondary. Malignancy was the main cause (10.9%). @entity2590 were not rare (2.3%). Severe @entity344 at @entity3039 onset were rare (<1%).

title: Epidemiology of incident XXXX : a nationwide population-based study in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal or central nervous system bleedings']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity1 with @entity1545 frequently demonstrate decreased ability to monitor and apply strategies learned in treatment to everyday situations. The aim of this study is to refine, explore and provide preliminary testing of the multicontext approach in promoting strategy use across situations and increasing self-regulation, awareness and functional performance. METHODS: This study used a single-subject design with repeated measures pre- and post-intervention, with data analysed descriptively and graphically. Four @entity1 with difficulty following multi-step directions, 3-5 years post-TBI, received a nine session intervention programme. Outcome measures included the Awareness Questionnaire, Self-Regulation Skills Interview, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Multiple Errands Test and an Executive Function Performance Test sub-task. The process of change within each treatment session was examined with strategy and awareness ratings. RESULTS: All @entity1 demonstrated positive changes in self-regulatory skills and strategy use that was observed across tasks. As expected, general awareness of deficits remained unchanged. Examination of individual @entity1 revealed important, varying patterns of change in strategy use, learning transfer and self-awareness across intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and efficacy of the multicontext approach in promoting transfer of strategy use to enhance functional performance and selective aspects of awareness. Further investigation, including a larger controlled study, is needed to confirm or limit these observations.

title: A multicontext approach to promoting transfer of strategy use and self regulation after XXXX : An exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Persons', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Besides massive expression in inflammatory @entity1143 , inflammatory markers are also present in cancerinduced @entity1143 . Recent advances in @entity5 biology point to a role of inflammatory signaling in @entity5 and encourage reconsidering the diagnostic and prognostic value of inflammatory markers. Here an attempt was made to relate protein levels of inflammatory markers to underlying malignant processes in the pleural space. @entity1143 from @entity2 @entity1 (n=116) were subjected to a multifactorial analysis covering 13 inflammatory markers. The composition of @entity5 -associated effusions was compared with that of parainflammatory @entity1143 (n=30), transudates (n=18), and serum values, and evaluated in relation to @entity5 origin, histology, cytology, @entity456 , treatment history, and survival time. Inflammatory markers were significantly expressed in @entity1143 of paraneoplastic origin when compared to transudates and most serum levels. Values in pleura-invading and metastatic @entity5 -associated effusions were typically higher than those of other @entity5 . Many markers correlated negatively with survival, most prominently @entity687 (r=-0.36, p=0.001) and @entity7 (r=-0.35, p=0.001). It appears that most inflammatory markers are highly expressed in @entity5 -associated @entity1143 , reflecting to some extent @entity5 origin and localization. Despite the lower efficacy of inflammatory markers in the differentiation between exudative @entity1143 , some inflammatory markers may represent potential prognostic markers of malignant processes in the pleural space.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic significance of inflammatory markers in XXXX -associated @entity1143 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusions', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural involvement']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']