abstract: OBJECTIVES: In recent years has been intensified an effort to develop early more exact non-invasive methods for prenatal diagnosis. We report our experience to screen trisomy 21 and other @entity2008 in the first trimester in so-called @entity9215 (One-Stop Clinic for Assessment of Fetal Risk). DESIGN AND SETTING: It is a retrospective study held at the Department of Medical Genetic and Fetal Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Olomouc. METHODS: A group of 2110 pregnant @entity1 has been screened by maternal age as a background risk, fetal nuchal translucency, nasal bone as ultrasound markers as well as maternal serum level of free beta-subunit @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( @entity15714 ) as a biochemical markers between 11 - 13+6 weeks of pregnancy from January 2004 to December 2005. The Fetal Medicine Foundation Guidelines and software were the methods and tools used for screening. Karyotyping by chorionic villous sampling or amniocentesis was offered to @entity1 with risks > or = 1 in 300. RESULTS: We reported 100% sensitivity for this method for a 4, 6% false positive. There was detected 21 @entity2008 in which 10 were trisomy 21. This is the first result to be published for this screening method in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSION: In our experience first trimester screening for trisomy 21 and other aneuploidies has a high sensitivity with a low false positive rate and can be delivered in an efficient manner in a one-stop multidisciplinary clinic.

title: [ @entity9215 (one-stop clinic for assessment of fetal risk): our experience with first trimester screening for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and application of GeneSearch(TM) breast lymph node assay (Genesearch), a real-time fluorescence quatitative PCR method, in intraoperative assay of @entity3 in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: Totally 140 SLNs from 80 @entity1 with @entity0 were prospectively studied from May 2010 to August 2010. The 80 @entity1 included 78 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 who ranged in age from 29 to 85 years, and the median age is 49 years. The expression of @entity4166 and mammaglobulin in all 140 SLNs were detected by Genesearch, and the results were compared with that of histological evaluation of both frozen and paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS: Among SLNs, by histological analyses, there were 121 without @entity3 , 17 with macrometastasis, 2 with micrometastasis, and none of @entity5 cell. By Genesearch, there were 119 without @entity3 and 21 with @entity3 . Genesearch showed sensitivity of 89.4%, positive predictive value of 81.0%, negative predictive value of 98.3% and specificity of 96.7% by comparing to histological analyses. The concordance between Genesearch and histological analysis was 95.7%. The sensitivity of Genesearch was 15/17 for macrometastasis and 2/2 for micrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Genesearch detection presents high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating @entity3 of sentinel lymph nodes in @entity0 , but strict performance technically is necessary to avoid false positive and false negative results. Inability of further subtyping for the positive cases might be the key limitations for wide application of this method.

title: [Analysis of intraoperative molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of maxillofacial @entity174 in the Piracicaba region of Brazil during a 5-year period and to delineate comparisons with worldwide @entity174 patterns. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive statistical analysis was developed based on data collected using a specifically designed clinical survey of all @entity1 who attended the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Piracicaba Dental School from 1999 to 2004. Information regarding age, gender, etiology, and type of @entity11253 and its associated lesions were evaluated. In addition, treatment modalities and complication rates during @entity1 follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 1024 @entity1 presenting 1399 maxillofacial @entity174 were analyzed. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 0 to 88 years (mean age, 28 +/- 16.4 years). The ratio of @entity1 to @entity1 was 4:1. Most @entity174 were caused by traffic accidents (45%), followed by assaults (22.6%), falls (17.9%), sports accidents (7.8%), and work accidents (4.5%). The prevalent anatomic regions of @entity174 (in percentages) were the mandible (44.2%), the zygomatic complex (32.5%), and the nasal bones (16.2%). @entity66 were found in 41.9% of @entity1 , with prevalence for injuries to the upper (24.1%) and lower limbs (15.4%). @entity1 management was considered to be conservative in 490 @entity1 (47.9%), and surgical therapy was performed in 493 @entity1 (48.1%), of whom 399 (80.9%) were treated with open reduction and rigid internal fixation. Complications occurred in 76 @entity1 (7.4%), mainly due to @entity281 and @entity3232 . CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that epidemiological research of maxillofacial @entity174 allows the presentation patterns of the most affected individuals and the nature of their lesions to be outlined according to the region evaluated. Furthermore, treatment evaluation and complication rate analysis permits a more realistic interpretation of how @entity1 should be managed.

title: Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial XXXX in Brazil: a 5-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Associated systemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fractures', 'facial fracture']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine why precordial ST elevation (V1 lead) occurs during acute occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA). Nineteen @entity1 with @entity951 , in whom ergonovine administration into RCA provoked @entity2473 , were divided into 2 groups by precordial ST change during @entity2473 . Group I (n = 6) had precordial ST elevation; group II (n = 13) had no precordial ST elevation. A subgroup, IIA was comprised 6 @entity1 in group II with @entity2473 in the RCA proximal segment (segment number less than 2 of AHA coronary classification). None had left coronary dominancy. There was no difference in collateral flow during @entity2473 . Location of @entity2473 in group I was in the RCA proximal segment, and was significantly more proximal compared to group II. There was no difference in sigma ST in II, III, aVF between group I and II or IIA. Max ST elevation time by which duration of @entity63 was estimated was significantly longer in group I than in group IIA. Three @entity1 in group I displayed precordial @entity308 before elevation, in all of whom in sigma ST in II, III, aVF was higher during precordial ST elevation than during @entity308 . During acute occlusion in the RCA proximal segment, precordial ST elevation is caused by @entity63 of the right ventricular anterior wall. Furthermore, precordial ST elevation can occur in a @entity1 with RCA dominance, even if @entity63 in the left ventricular infero-posterior wall increases progressively.

title: Precordial ST segment elevation in acute XXXX caused by right coronary artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Long-bone @entity1516 is a major orthopedic concern because of numerous factors such as difficulty of the treatment, high recurrence, high costs and the devastating effects on the @entity1 ' quality of life, which sometimes ends in amputation. Although the "gold standard" for the treatment of this pathology is autologous bone grafting, which has high osteogenic, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, this treatment presents some restrictions such as the limited amount of bone that can be taken from the @entity1 and donor site morbidity. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) comprise progenitor and stem cells with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic properties. Allogenic cancellous bone graft is a natural and biodegradable osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffold. Combination of these two components could mimic the advantages of autologous bone grafting while avoiding its main limitations. METHODS: Long-bone @entity1516 was treated in seven @entity1 with autologous BM-MNCs from iliac crest combined with frozen allogenic cancellous bone graft obtained from the tissue bank. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed complete bone consolidation 5.3    0.9 months (range, 2-9 months) after cell transplantation. Moreover, limb @entity158 disappeared in all of them. The mean follow-up was 35.8    4.6 months after transplantation (range, 24-51 months) without @entity1516 recurrence or @entity158 reappearing. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of autologous BM-MNCs and allogenic bone graft could constitute an easy, safe, inexpensive and efficacious attempt to treat long-bone @entity1516 and non-union by reproducing the beneficial properties of autologous bone grafting while restricting its disadvantages.

title: Repair of long-bone XXXX with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells combined with allogenic bone graft.

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study attempted to correlate @entity1 , treatment, and dosimetric factors with the risk of late rectal sequelae in @entity1 treated with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity2622 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 183 @entity1 with @entity2622 (67 Stage I, 93 Stage II, and 23 Stage III) treated with definitive @entity1161 with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were evaluated. Treatment consisted of external beam pelvic @entity1161 (EBRT) followed by intracavitary @entity1161 (ICRT) consisting of one or two insertions. Complications were scored and analyzed as a function of 25 @entity1 and treatment factors. Conventional total rectal doses were obtained by adding together the EBRT and ICRT rectal doses. To account for differences in dose rate between the ICRT and EBRT, and variations in EBRT fractionation schemes, biologically equivalent rectal doses (BED) were calculated using a linear quadratic model. In addition, the influence of the varying proportions of EBRT and ICRT rectal doses were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (15.3%) developed late rectal sequelae (13 Grade 1, 3 Grade 2, and 12 Grade 3). @entity6 (p = 0.03), Point A dose (p = 0.04), and conventional EBRT dose (p = 0.03) were the most significant factors on multivariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a low risk (<10%) of late rectal sequelae below conventional and biological rectal doses of 75 Gy and 135 BED, respectively. The percentage of rectal dose delivered by the EBRT significantly influenced the dose-response relationship. A defined threshold percentage above which rectal sequelae were more common was identified over the range of doses evaluated. This threshold was 87% at a total rectal dose of 60 Gy and decreased to 60% at 80 Gy. CONCLUSION: @entity6 , Point A, and EBRT doses are the most significant factors associated with the risk of late rectal sequelae in @entity1 treated with @entity2622 . The percentage of rectal dose delivered by the EBRT significantly affects the conventional and biological dose-response relationship. This suggests that the volume of rectum irradiated is an important and independent parameter in the development of late rectal sequelae.

title: Late rectal sequelae following definitive XXXX for @entity2622 : a dosimetric analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['RT for cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: The adaptive responses of the body to challenges, often known as "stressors", consists of active responses that maintain homeostasis. This process of adaptation is known as "allostasis", meaning "achieving stability through change". Many systems of the body show allostasis, including the @entity4148 and they help to re-establish or maintain homeostasis through adaptation. The brain also shows allostasis, involving the activation of nerve cell activity and the release of neurotransmitters. When the individual is challenged repeatedly or when the allostatic systems remain turned on when no longer needed, the mediators of allostasis can produce a wear and tear on the body that has been termed "allostatic load". Examples of allostatic load include the accumulation of abdominal fat, the loss of bone minerals and the atrophy of nerve cells in the hippocampus. Circulating stress hormones play a key role, and, in the hippocampus, excitatory @entity1522 and @entity143 receptors are important mediators of @entity528 . The aging brain seems to be more vulnerable to such effects, although there are considerable individual differences in vulnerability that can be developmentally determined. Yet, at the same time, excitatory @entity1522 and @entity143 receptors mediate important types of plasticity in the hippocampus. Moreover, the brain retains considerable resilience in the face of stress, and @entity172 appear to play a role in this resilience. This review discusses the current status of work on underlying mechanisms for these effects.

title: Allostasis, allostatic load, and the aging nervous system: role of excitatory XXXX and excitotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal atrophy']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated safety, efficacy, and recurrence after postoperative hemithoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in @entity1 with @entity3620 treated with extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), during the past decade at a single institution. METHODS: In 2001-2011, 136 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3620 underwent EPP with planned adjuvant IMRT. Eighty-six @entity1 (64%) underwent hemithoracic IMRT; the rest were not eligible because of @entity260 , disease progression, or poor performance status. We assessed @entity137 , survival, and patterns of failure in these 86 @entity1 . @entity137 was scored with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0; survival outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method; and locoregional patterns of failure were classified as in-field, marginal, or out-of-field. Risk factors related to survival were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Median overall survival time for all 86 @entity1 receiving IMRT was 14.7 months. @entity137 rates of grade of 3 or more were: skin 17%, lung 12%, heart 2.3%, and @entity344 16%. Five @entity1 experienced grade 5 @entity358 . Rates of locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were 88%, 55%, and 55% at 1 year and 71%, 40%, and 32% at 2 years. On multivariate analysis, pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1 second, nonepithelioid histology, and nodal status were associated with distant metastasis-free survival and OS. CONCLUSION: IMRT after EPP is associated with low rates of locoregional recurrence, though some @entity1 experience life-threatening @entity358 . @entity5 histology and nodal status can be helpful in identifying @entity1 for this aggressive treatment.

title: Patterns of failure, XXXX , and survival after extrapleural pneumonectomy and hemithoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy for @entity3620 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'lung toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIM: We sought to determine whether survivors of @entity944 without structural @entity299 have beat-to-beat electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics at the microvolt and at the millisecond level that differ from normal subjects. METHODS: We studied @entity1 at our implantable cardioverter defibrillator clinic who had been resuscitated from @entity2224 with no evidence of underlying structural @entity299 . Continuous 10-minute high-resolution unfiltered digital surface ECGs at 1000-Hz sampling rate were acquired in these subjects and in a group of healthy volunteers. We then analyzed different parameters of beat-to-beat variations in duration, amplitudes and vectors of the QRS complex, and the T wave using a locally developed program (Comparative Analysis of ECGs, Vectocardiograms, and their Interpretation with Auto-Reference to the @entity1 ) and compared them between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (7 @entity1 ; age, 46 +/- 16 years) were studied. Standard ECGs were unremarkable in 7 @entity1 and suggestive of @entity1789 in the 6 others. The control group consisted of 23 age- and sex-matched subjects (13 @entity1 ; age, 41 +/- 10 years). Although the QRS parameters showed only few differences between the 2 groups, there were several differences in parameters evaluating repolarization. CONCLUSION: High-resolution ECGs show distinct beat-to-beat variations in parameters of repolarization in survivors of @entity944 without structural @entity299 , as compared with normal subjects. These findings may reflect increased electrical instability and should be evaluated for stratifying arrhythmic risk in asymptomatic individuals.

title: Beat-to-beat variations of the electrocardiogram in survivors of XXXX without structural @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity6 is one of the leading causes of dialysis, @entity1939 , and amputation worldwide. However, the prevalence of @entity2316 , eye, and @entity10395 has not been investigated in national surveys. METHODS: In this study, we reviewed data sets of the National Health Insurance claims for the years 2000-2009. In 2009, the total population of Taiwan was 23 million. We de-identified the data and then analyzed them on inpatients and outpatients with @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2194 , @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ), and @entity6 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9(th) Revision with Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2316 increased from 13.32% in 2000 to 15.42% in 2009. The corresponding @entity6 dialysis rate increased from 1.5% to 2.46% during the same period (p < 0.001). The prevalence rates of @entity989 and PVD also increased (from 6.17% to 8.91%; p = 0.002 and from 1.87 to 2.47; p < 0.001, respectively). More than 94% of the @entity1 treated for @entity6 in the hospital had an associated @entity281 . The prevalence of in-hospital @entity6 decreased from 1.68% to 1.02% during the years 2000-2009 (p < 0.001), while the rates of lower extremity amputation as the treatment outcome did not show improvement (mean amputation rate: 28.35%). CONCLUSION: During the years 2000-2009, @entity1 with @entity6 in Taiwan had an increased risk for kidney, eye, and @entity1095 . Multidisciplinary teams need to be set up for the treatment of complications related to @entity6 , and preventions programs that are specifically designed to target these complications should now be made mandatory.

title: XXXX , eye, and foot disease in Taiwan: an analysis of the nationwide data for 2000-2009.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVDs', 'peripheral vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic foot', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetes-related kidney']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infection']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['foot diseases']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['Diabetes-related kidney']


abstract: In addition to efficacy and safety, cost is an important determinant of the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity1427 /IIIa) therapy in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In PCI, the average procurement cost of @entity1427 /IIIa therapy ranges from  US400 to  US1500 (1999 values) per @entity1 treated, depending on agent, dose and duration of infusion. Prospective economic substudies with abciximab and tirofiban have demonstrated subsequent cost savings that partially offset the procurement costs of the agents. The drug procurement costs per @entity204 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) prevented in PCI appear to vary from  US10,500 to  US37,000, depending on the agent. Abciximab has been proven to provide a survival benefit in the setting of PCI, including coronary stenting. Analyses of abciximab use yield cost-effectiveness ratios of  US2875 to  US14,765 per life-year or quality-adjusted life-year saved, which compares favourably with most widely accepted therapies. In non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 , drug procurement costs range from  US700 to  US1700 per @entity1 treated, also depending on agent, dose and duration of infusion. Evidence of cost offsets from changes in subsequent resource utilisation are limited and seem contingent upon a conservative risk-stratification approach. Drug procurement costs have been calculated as  US32,000 to  US82,000 per @entity204 or @entity583 prevented in the @entity1187 trials. Cost-effectiveness ratios of  US16,000 per life-year saved for the US and Western European cohorts in the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in @entity1459 : Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) trial are favourable. If these analyses prove correct, the cost effectiveness of @entity1427 /IIIa receptor therapy for @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 will also compare favourably with other widely accepted therapies in industrialised countries. More clinical and economic data are necessary to allow better selection of specific @entity1 who will receive the most benefit from @entity1427 /IIIa therapy in healthcare systems with limited resources.

title: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention and non-ST-segment elevation XXXX . Estimating the economic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable Angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: This work aims to evaluate the predictive strength of the relative seriality, parallel and Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models regarding the incidence of @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ), in a group of @entity1 following @entity2 radiotherapy and also to examine their correlation with pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The study was based on 47 @entity1 who received radiation therapy for stage III @entity1149 . For each @entity1 , lung dose volume histograms (DVHs) and the clinical treatment outcome were available. Clinical symptoms, radiological findings and pulmonary function tests incorporated in a post-treatment follow-up period of 18 months were used to assess the manifestation of radiation induced complications. Thirteen of the 47 @entity1 were scored as having radiation induced @entity55 , with RTOG criteria grade 3 and 28 of the 47 with RTOG criteria grade 2. Using this material, different methods of estimating the likelihood of radiation effects were evaluated, by analysing @entity1 data based on their full dose distributions and associating the calculated complication rates with the clinical follow-up records. Lungs were evaluated as a paired organ as well as individual lungs. Of the NTCP models examined in the overall group considering the dose distribution in the ipsilateral lung, all models were able to predict radiation induced @entity55 only in the case of grade 2 @entity1207 score, with the LKB model giving the best results (chi2-test: probability of agreement between the observed and predicted results Pchi(chi2)=0.524 using the 0.05 significance level). The NTCP modelling considering lungs as a paired organ did not give statistically acceptable results. In the case of @entity2 radiotherapy, the application of different published radiobiological parameters alters the NTCP results, but not excessively as in the case of @entity0 radiotherapy. In this relatively small group of @entity2 @entity1 , no positive statistical correlation could be established between the incidence of @entity1207 as estimated by NTCP models and the pulmonary function test evaluation. However, the use of PFTs as markers or predictors for the incidence or severity of radiation induced @entity55 must be investigated further.

title: NTCP modelling and pulmonary function tests evaluation for the prediction of radiation induced XXXX in @entity1149 radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: 1. Recent observations showed that a mitochondrial @entity141 increase is necessary for an @entity143 receptor stimulus to be toxic to cortical neurones. In an attempt to determine the magnitude of the @entity141 fluxes involved in this phenomenon, we used @entity12474 ( @entity23495 ), a mitochondrial proton gradient uncoupler, to release mitochondrial free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]m) during and following a @entity2227 stimulus, and magfura-2 to monitor cytoplasmic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]c). 2. FCCP treatment of previously unstimulated neurones barely changed [ @entity141 ]c whereas when added after a @entity2227 stimulus it elevated [ @entity141 ]c to a much greater extent than did exposure to @entity2227 , suggesting a very large accumulation of @entity141 in the mitochondria. 3. Mitochondrial @entity141 uptake was dependent on @entity2227 concentration, whereas the changes in the overall quantity of @entity141 entering the cell, obtained by simultaneously treating neurones with @entity2227 and FCCP, showed a response that was essentially all-or-none. 4. Mitochondrial @entity141 uptake was also dependent on the nature and duration of a given stimulus as shown by comparing [ @entity141 ]m associated with depolarization and treatment with @entity4176 , @entity143 or @entity2227 . Large mitochondrial @entity141 accumulation only occurred after a @entity2227 or @entity143 stimulus. 5. These studies provide a method of estimating the accumulation of @entity141 in the mitochondria of neurones, and suggest that millimolar concentrations of @entity141 may be reached following intense @entity2227 stimulation. It was shown that substantially more @entity141 enters neurones following @entity2227 receptor activation than is reflected by [ @entity141 ]c increases.

title: Quantitative evaluation of mitochondrial XXXX content in rat cortical neurones following a @entity2227 stimulus.

entities_list: @entity12474 :: ('MESH:C108897|MESH:D002259', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonylcyanide-p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity38172 is a common plant, widely distributed in all over Bangladesh. Traditionally, this plant is considered as one of the important ingredients in treatment of a variety of ailments including @entity32 , @entity158 , @entity627 , @entity5 , @entity174 , @entity221 etc. However, the scientific reports regarding the antinociceptive effect of this plant are very limited. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract of @entity38173 (MESJ) leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antinociceptive effect of MESJ was investigated using both heat- and chemical-induced nociceptive models such as hot plate, tail immersion, @entity1543 -induced writhing, @entity406 and @entity3264 tests at the doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg. @entity1286 (5mg/kg) and @entity3522 (10mg/kg) were used as reference drugs in thermal and chemical models, respectively. Moreover, @entity1510 (2mg/kg) was used in the thermal models to justify the possible role of the opioid receptors. RESULTS: MESJ produced a significant and dose-dependent increase in the hot plate and tail immersion latencies which were reversed by the treatment with @entity1510 , suggests the possible involvement of opioid receptors in this activity. Moreover, MESJ inhibited @entity1543 -induced writhing, @entity406 and @entity3264 -induced lickings in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, the reference drugs also produced desired antinociceptive effects in this study. CONCLUSION: These results strongly support the antinociceptive activity of the leaves of @entity38172 and rationalize the traditional use of the leaves in treatment of different @entity158 .

title: Evaluation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of leaves of XXXX Linn.

entities_list: @entity38172 :: ('461633', 'Species') :: ['Stephania japonica']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity38172 :: (461633,Species) :: ['Stephania japonica']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of MR imaging using standard sequences in the differentiation of common vascular birthmarks of soft tissues in childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three lesions in 37 @entity1 (median age 33 months) with @entity2695 (n=25), venous (n=8) and lymphatic (n=10) @entity600 were retrospectively studied. Images were obtained with a 0.2 T and a 1.5 T MR unit, using T1-weighted spin-echo, T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and turbo STIR sequences. In addition, 19 contrast studies were evaluated. Signal intensities and morphological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity2695 were hyperintense in T2-weighted, and mostly (22/25) isointense compared to the surrounding skeletal muscle in T1-weighted images. The lesions were homogeneous or mildly inhomogeneous and well defined. Venous and @entity600 showed similar patterns. Contrary to other lesions, no vessels or lobular architecture were detectable and contrast enhancement was absent in @entity600 . CONCLUSION: A reliable differentiation between @entity2695 , @entity1211 in childhood is not possible by standard MR sequences alone. Contrast media may be helpful as @entity600 show no contrast enhancement. The main role of MR imaging is to determine the local extent or infiltration of deeper tissue layers and narrow the differential diagnosis of other soft tissue @entity5 .

title: Differentiation of vascular birthmarks by MR imaging. An investigation of @entity2695 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'lymphatic malformations']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous and lymphatic malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous and lymphatic malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine and describe the demographics and functional outcomes of @entity1 who require inpatient rehabilitation for severe penetrating @entity542 resulting from a gunshot wound to the head. DESIGN: Data were collected prospectively from the time of admission to acute care through discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. SETTING: Two sites: an urban, level I, acute care, @entity130 center and an inpatient rehabilitation hospital with a specialized @entity1545 unit. @entity1 : Twenty-seven @entity1 with severe penetrating @entity542 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity15467 instrument, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and the length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Demographic data showed our population to be similar to other groups of @entity1 at high risk for @entity130 . Eighty-five percent of the subjects were @entity1 with a mean age of 34 years. The majority were African American (93%), reflective of our general @entity1 population. Average acute care LOS was 31 days and average rehabilitation LOS was 44 days. Average @entity15467 gain was 40.2 and, on average, @entity717 scores improved 7.6 points from rehabilitation admission to discharge. All study @entity1 made enough progress to be discharged to private residences. CONCLUSION: Although the mortality rate is high among @entity1 with penetrating @entity542 , those who survive to receive inpatient rehabilitation can achieve functional improvement.

title: Severe penetrating XXXX : a study of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Disability Rating Scale', 'DRS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['violent injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Based on case reports of early @entity834 in @entity1 receiving epidural @entity1337 with local anesthetic and data to document a stimulatory effect of epidural block on @entity344 , it has been suggested that continuous infusion of epidural local anesthetic may lead to an increased incidence of @entity834 . Therefore, we examined the association between continuous epidural local anesthetic and @entity834 by reviewing the literature. METHODS: Review of controlled, randomized clinical trials aiming to investigate @entity260 in which continuous postoperative epidural local anesthetic was administered in @entity1 scheduled for colorectal surgery with an @entity254 . Data were obtained from a Medline search (1966-May 2000), previous review articles, references cited in original papers, and personal communication with investigators. Twelve trials including a total of 562 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Sixteen of 266 @entity1 (6.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5% to 9.6%) receiving postoperative epidural local anesthetic or epidural local anesthetic-opioid mixtures developed @entity834 , compared with 10 of 296 @entity1 (3.4%, 95% CI: 1.6% to 6.1%) receiving epidural or systemic opioid-based @entity1337 (P >.05 between groups, Fisher's test). The risk of overlooking a significant difference (type II error) was approximately 67% (power: 33%). Studies including more than 1,037 @entity1 in each group are needed to demonstrate an increased risk of @entity834 from 3.4% to 6.0% with 80% power and 2alpha = 0.05. There was no significant difference (P >.05 between groups, Fisher's test) between subgroups of study design: Epidural local anesthetic-versus systemic or epidural opioid, or epidural local anesthetic-opioid mixtures versus systemic or epidural opioid. CONCLUSIONS: So far, there is no statistically significant evidence from randomized trials to indicate epidural @entity1337 with local anesthetic to be associated with an increased risk of anastomotic breakdown. However, relatively few @entity1 have been included in randomized trials, indicating a need for more studies to secure valid conclusions.

title: Epidural @entity1337 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: @entity1 with the @entity1744 were studied with regard to the effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on rectosigmoid motility. Pressure was recorded with a continuously inflated @entity188 and recorded from a pressure catheter in the sigmoid colon. On different days the @entity2263 agonist @entity4183 , the @entity8652 agonist @entity13604 , and placebo, respectively, were administered intravenously after a control period. During each examination contractile activity was quantified for three consecutive periods of 25 min. @entity4183 in a total dose of 0.50 mg decreased sigmoid motility index significantly from 3.0 +/- 0.6 (SEM) to 1.1 +/- 0.3 kPa X min (p less than 0.01). After less than or equal to 5 mg @entity13604 no significant changes of motility index were observed. After placebo an increase, although not significant, in contractile activity was seen compared with the initial control period. Rectal motility indices were low and not changed by the beta agonists. The serum concentrations of the drugs were within the therapeutic limits used in clinical practice and caused a dose-dependent increase of both systolic blood pressure and heart rate. It is concluded that @entity2162 stimulation significantly @entity1319 whereas the motility index seems to be unaffected by @entity8652 adrenergic stimulation.

title: Rectosigmoid motility response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in XXXX with the @entity1744 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2 adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['balloon in the upper rectum']

entities_list: @entity13604 :: ('MESH:D011294', 'Chemical') :: ['prenalterol']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['decreases sigmoid motility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the time course of the recovery of atrial mechanical function after pharmacological cardioversion of chronic @entity955 to sinus rhythm. @entity1 AND METHODS: 21 @entity1 (12 male, 9 female, aged 37-77 years) with chronic @entity955 (< 6 months) were followed up by serial transmitral pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiographic studies were performed within the first 24 hours and on day 8, 15, and 30 after cardioversion. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (mean (SD)) in the peak A-wave velocity (from 0.35 (0.10) on day 1 to 0.50 (1.73) on day 8, and thereafter a gradual increase to 0.61 (0.14) m/s on day 30). Similarly, integrated late atrial velocities increased from 4.50 (1.46) on day 1 to 5.61 (1.73) on day 8 and 5.97 (1.47) cm/s2 on day 30. The atrial contribution to total transmitral flow increased significantly from 26 (7)% immediately after conversion of @entity955 to sinus rhythm to 34 (7)% on day 30, indicating the haemodynamic benefit of the restoration of sinus rhythm. Left atrial diameter decreased but not significantly, from 4.11 (0.37) to 3.98 (0.34) cm (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that restoration of atrial mechanical function after pharmacological cardioversion in @entity1 with chronic @entity955 is slow and gradual, as it is after electrical DC restoration of sinus rhythm. This time course may have important implications for determining how long treatment with anticoagulants and antiarrhythmic agents needs to continue in individual @entity1 . It will also influence the clinical assessment of the haemodynamic benefit of restoring sinus rhythm in @entity1 with chronic @entity955 .

title: Recovery of atrial systolic function after pharmacological conversion of chronic XXXX to sinus rhythm: a Doppler echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that strategies for @entity1151 diagnosis which have included D-dimer testing have been most cost effective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a new strategy for @entity1151 diagnosis based on D-dimer results. METHODS: A prospective survey was conducted in the emergency ward and three medical departments of a university teaching hospital. Guidelines for diagnosis of PE were established and implemented through an educational intervention and a specific order form. D-dimer (ELISA) was required for all @entity1 suspected of having PE. A result above 500 ng/ml was to be followed by an a pulmonary imaging procedure. Appropriateness of prescription of D-dimer and non-compliance with guidelines (absence of diagnostic imaging procedure following D-dimer results above 500 ng/ml) were evaluated. RESULTS: One-hundred sixty @entity1 were studied. D-dimer test was performed in 154 @entity1 (96.3%) suspected of PE during a two-month period. Test results were above 500 ng/ml in 111 cases. PE was confirmed in 20 cases. Twenty percent (31/154) of the D-dimer prescriptions were inappropriate. Among those with D-dimer results above 500 ng/ml, 45% (50/111) of the @entity1 experienced no imaging procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Despite implementation of clinical guidelines for its use, D-dimer was excessively prescribed. A large proportion of results was not taken in consideration by prescribers. Often new technologies have good experimental results, but behave differently when used routinely in ordinary care settings. It is important that field studies be developed to evaluate the effectiveness of new technologies.

title: D-dimer testing as the initial test for suspected XXXX . Appropriateness of prescription and physician compliance to guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Suprapancreatic @entity253 associated with blunt @entity1661 is extremely rare. Therefore, no definitive treatment modality for this stricture has been fully established. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term follow-up of endoscopic treatment for suprapancreatic @entity253 following blunt @entity1661 . METHODS: Data from the institution's prospectively collected endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database, medical records, radiological findings, and @entity130 registry with operative records were used to identify @entity1 with suprapancreatic @entity253 associated with blunt @entity1661 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (six @entity1 and two @entity1 ) with a median age of 36 yr (interquartile range [IQR] 29-53 yr) were included in this study. The median interval between the initial @entity130 and the onset of symptoms was 23 days (IQR 16-51 days). The median length of @entity253 was 1 cm (IQR 0.6-1 cm). Endoscopic plastic stent placement was successfully performed in all @entity1 included in the study. The median duration of stent placement was 2 months (IQR 2-2.8 months). Follow-up ERCP showed improved or resolved @entity253 in all @entity1 . There was no recurrence of symptoms after the removal of the stents; therefore, surgery was unnecessary in these @entity1 . Long-term follow-up (median 33 months) was also excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic plastic stent placement may be a good candidate for first-line management for suprapancreatic @entity253 following blunt @entity1661 . Furthermore, the long-term results for this type of @entity253 with endoscopic stent placement may be excellent.

title: Endoscopic treatment for suprapancreatic @entity253 following blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is characterised by the accumulation of a fibro-inflammatory stroma. Within this stromal reaction, myeloid cells are a predominant population. Distinct myeloid subsets have been correlated with @entity5 promotion and unmasking of anti- @entity5 immunity. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of myeloid cell depletion on the onset and progression of @entity788 and to understand the relationship between myeloid cells and T cell-mediated immunity within the @entity788 microenvironment. METHODS: Primary @entity19 @entity788 cells were transplanted into @entity20829 ( @entity20829 ) @entity19 . Alternatively, the iKras* @entity19 model of @entity788 was crossed into @entity3804 - @entity20829 @entity19 . @entity3804 (+) cells (mostly myeloid cell population) were depleted by diphtheria toxin treatment during @entity5 initiation or in established @entity5 . RESULTS: Depletion of myeloid cells prevented @entity11518 ( @entity4706 )-driven @entity788 initiation. In pre-established @entity5 , @entity5 growth and in some cases, induced @entity5 regressions that were dependent on CD8(+) T cells. We found that myeloid cells inhibited CD8(+) T-cell anti- @entity5 activity by inducing the expression of @entity26327 ( @entity26327 ) in @entity5 cells in an @entity12841 ( @entity12841 )/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our results show that myeloid cells support immune evasion in @entity788 through @entity12841 /MAPK-dependent regulation of @entity26327 expression on @entity5 cells. Derailing this crosstalk between myeloid cells and @entity5 cells is sufficient to restore anti- @entity5 immunity mediated by CD8(+) T cells, a finding with implications for the design of immune therapies for @entity788 .

title: Myeloid cells are required for PD-1/ XXXX checkpoint activation and the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity20829 :: ('15200(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['DTR', 'CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid cell depletion arrested tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26327 :: ('60533(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PD-L1', 'programmed cell death-ligand 1']

entities_list: @entity4706 :: ('p|SUB|G|12|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G12D']

answer: @entity26327 :: (60533(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: We studied @entity356 , using @entity1443 absorption, in 105 @entity1 in labor divided into three equal groups of 35 each, after intrathecal (i.t.) (25 micrograms, Group S) or extradural (50 micrograms, Group E) @entity3575 in combination with @entity1341 and compared with a control group (Group C) receiving extradural @entity1341 only. The time to maximal @entity1443 concentration (tCamax), maximal @entity1443 concentration (Camax), and areas under the @entity1443 concentration-time curve at 90 and 120 min (AUC90 and AUC120, respectively) were determined. Median (range) tCamax values were 120 (15-180), 82.5 (15-180), and 90 (15-180) min in Groups S, E, and C, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean +/- SD Camax was 13.4 +/- 8.82, 17.9 +/- 8.06, and 15.0 +/- 6.22 micrograms/mL in Groups S, E, and C, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean +/- SD AUC90 and AUC120 were also significantly smaller in Group S than in the other two groups (430 +/- 616, 736 +/- 504, and 672 +/- 453; and 649 +/- 592, 1063 +/- 627, and 1053 +/- 616 micrograms.mL-1.min-1 in Groups S, E, and C, respectively). We conclude that the administration of @entity3575 25 micrograms i.t. delays @entity356 in labor compared with both extradural @entity3575 50 micrograms with @entity1341 and extradural @entity1341 alone. IMPLICATIONS: We examined emptying of the stomach in @entity1 in labor after administration of analgesics by the spinal or the epidural route. We observed that the analgesic, @entity3575 , administered by the spinal route, although relieving @entity158 rapidly, may delay emptying of the stomach. In theory, delayed @entity356 may increase the chance of @entity391 and aspiration of gastric contents.

title: A comparison of the effect of intrathecal and extradural @entity3575 on XXXX in laboring @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric emptying']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the performance of screening tests for @entity2316 in a population of privately insured individuals. METHODS: Administrative data from a large private health plan were analyzed. Continuously insured @entity1 with @entity6 (ages 30-62) with > or = one office visit during the study year (July 1995 to June 1996) were included (n = 4,758). Outcome variables included a urinalysis for protein and a test for microalbuminuria. The likelihood of test performance according to age, gender, insurance @entity348 , @entity6 , and specialty of predominant physician was examined both in bivariate analyses and a logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 4,623 @entity1 without evidence of @entity8 , only 16.5% had a urinalysis test conducted sometime in the year. All individuals (2.1% of sample) who received a microalbuminuria test also received a urinalysis. Individuals with indemnity or @entity20179 plans were more likely to be screened than individuals in point-of-service plans. @entity1 with more @entity6 were more likely to be screened. In the regression with family practice as the reference category, general internists were the only physician specialty more likely to have screened @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity6 do not receive annual screening for microalbuminuria or urinary protein.

title: The lack of screening for XXXX : evidence from a privately insured population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['visits and more diabetes visits', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes office visits']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['plan type, total office visits']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The German @entity1499 Registry has been collecting data concerning the efficacy and safety of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment since 2005. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to compare oral and parenteral @entity1500 treatment regarding efficacy and safety. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of @entity4932 , @entity1500 treatment for at least 6 months, a consistent route of administration of @entity1500 , and no previous or concomitant treatment with biologic agents. Efficacy was measured by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) pediatric (Pedi) criteria. Primary outcome was efficacy defined as the number of @entity1 reaching ACR Pedi 30 improvement criteria after 6 months of treatment. Secondary outcome criteria were the ACR Pedi 50 and Pedi 70 criteria at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Analyses were performed with the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS: Of the 411 eligible @entity1 , 259 (63%) received oral @entity1500 and 152 (37%) received subcutaneous @entity1500 . In both @entity1 groups, a comparable weekly dose of @entity1500 (0.4 mg/kg versus 0.42 mg/kg) was used, and a comparable number of @entity1 received concomitant @entity230 . The primary outcome in both treatment groups was that a comparably high number of @entity1 showed a clinical response according to the ACR Pedi 30 score after 6 months of treatment (73% versus 72%; P = 0.87). Twenty-two percent of @entity1 with oral therapy and 27% with subcutaneous therapy had at least 1 documented adverse event. Discontinuation of treatment was observed in both groups with equal frequency, while significantly more @entity1 with subcutaneous application discontinued @entity1500 because of adverse events (11% versus 5%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis, parenteral @entity1500 was not superior to oral administration regarding efficacy and tolerability.

title: Efficacy and safety of oral and parenteral @entity1499 therapy in @entity1 with @entity4932 : an observational study with XXXX from the German @entity1499 Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1741 carries an inherent risk of @entity999 , precipitating new @entity75 and neurologic symptoms. Our purpose was to evaluate the frequency of new @entity2806 found on DWI after protected @entity1741 placement and to determine its association with plaque morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (mean age 65.13    7.08 years) with moderate and severe internal @entity2998 stenosis underwent @entity1741 with distal filter protection. Fibrolipid and fibrocalcified plaque morphology was determined by sonography according to the relative contribution of echogenic and echolucent material, and by multisection CT using plaque attenuation. There were 46.81% of @entity1 with fibrolipid and 53.19% with fibrocalcified plaques. DWI was performed before and 24 hours after @entity1741 . RESULTS: Seven (14.89%) @entity1 showed new lesions. Four (8.51%) had 6 new lesions inside the treated vascular territory. Three had a single lesion and 1 @entity1 had 3 lesions (mean: 1.5    1). Most lesions (66.66%) were subcortical, with a mean diameter of 9 mm (range 5-15 mm). All lesions occurred in the area supplied by the middle cerebral artery and were clinically silent. A significant relationship was found between plaque morphology and the appearance of new lesions. @entity1 with fibrolipid plaques had a significantly higher number of new lesions compared with @entity1 with fibrocalcified plaques (P = .041). The absolute risk of new lesions in the fibrolipid group was 18.18%. CONCLUSIONS: New @entity2806 were observed in the treated vascular territory in 8.51% of @entity1 . The appearance of new @entity2806 was significantly related to the plaque morphology. Fibrolipid plaques were associated with higher numbers of new lesions.

title: New ischemic XXXX on diffusion-weighted MRI after @entity2998 stenting with filter protection: frequency and relationship with plaque morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['distal cerebral embolization']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the benefit of immediate postoperative radiotherapy in residual nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFA) in perspective to the need for hormonal substitution and life expectancy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective cohort analysis of 122 @entity1 , operated for NFA between 1979 and 1998. Recurrence was defined as regrowth on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The occurrence of @entity2338 was defined as the starting date of hormonal substitution therapy. RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 had residual NFA after surgery and received immediate postoperative radiotherapy (Group 1); three @entity1 developed a recurrence, resulting in a 95% local control rate at 10 years. Twenty-eight @entity1 had residual NFA after surgery, but were followed by a wait-and-see policy (Group 2). Sixteen developed a recurrence, resulting in a local control rate of 49% at 5 years and 22% at 10 years (p < 0.001 compared with Group 1). There were no differences between Group 1 and 2 regarding the need for substitution with thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones before first surgery, directly after surgery and at end of follow-up. There were no differences in hormone substitution free survival between Group 1 and Group 2 during the study period after first surgery. Life expectancy was similar in Group 1 and 2, and their median life expectancy did not differ from median life expectancy in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate postoperative radiotherapy provides a marked improvement of local control among @entity1 with residual NFA compared with surgery alone, without an additional deleterious effect on pituitary function and life expectancy.

title: Immediate postoperative radiotherapy in residual nonfunctioning XXXX : beneficial effect on local control without additional negative impact on pituitary function and life expectancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In spite of its known negative effects on brain development, @entity109 is the most commonly used drug for @entity410 . We conducted a national survey among neonatologists and @entity1 neurologists to determine the variation in practice and attitudes. METHODS: Surveys were sent to all board-certified @entity1 neurologists and neonatologists in Sweden as well as to residents in subspecialty training. In addition to questions concerning respondent demographic characteristics, the survey contained questions related to overall attitudes and practices and specific @entity1 scenarios. RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 170 physicians (corresponding to approximately 50% of all eligible respondents). We found a high level of agreement concerning the initiation of treatment of @entity410 , as well as choice of first- ( @entity109 ) and second-line ( @entity1363 ) drugs. In contrast, third-line drug choice differed between specialties, with neurologists being more prone to use @entity4677 or other drugs. Neonatologists were more likely to treat premature @entity1 differently. For continued @entity109 treatment there was less agreement among respondents. Whereas almost 75% of neonatologists felt that @entity109 should "seldom" or "never" be used in long term treatment following @entity410 , a majority of @entity1 neurologists indicated "often" or "always". The same pattern was seen in responses to individual scenarios. CONCLUSION: The discrepancies between different specialties involved in treating @entity410 may reflect differences in training, but is also likely due to the lack of uniform guidelines. This highlights the importance of designing and carrying out clinical trials determining optimal treatment of @entity410 .

title: Differing attitudes toward XXXX use in the neonatal period among neonatologists and @entity1 neurologists in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the risk of @entity2524 and complications in periodontal ligament (PDL) healing following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two permanent teeth (78 @entity1 ) with extrusive luxation and 179 teeth (149 @entity1 ) with lateral luxation were included in the study. All teeth were examined according to a standardized protocol including clinical, photographic, and radiographic registration. Follow-up controls were performed at regular intervals (3, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1, 5, and 10 years). STATISTICS: The risk of repair-related resorption (surface resorption), infection-related resorption (inflammatory resorption), @entity3947 (replacement resorption), marginal @entity604 , and @entity2524 was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences among subgroups were analyzed with log-rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS: The risk of @entity2520 was estimated after 3 years. Extrusive luxation: For immature root development, infection-related resorption was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0-6.9%). For mature root development, repair-related resorption was 15.6% (95% CI: 4.4-26.7%), infection-related resorption was 5.1% (95% CI: 0-11.7%), and marginal @entity604 was 17.5% (95% CI: 6.2-28.8%). No teeth showed @entity3947 , and no teeth were lost in the observation period. Lateral luxation: For immature root development, repair-related resorption was 2.1% (95% CI: 0-6.1%), infection-related resorption was 2.1% (95% CI: 0-6.1%). For mature root development, repair-related resorption was 29.5% (95% CI: 20.5-38.5%), infection-related resorption was 2.6% (95% CI: 0-6.4%), @entity3947 was 0.8% (95% CI: 0-2.3%), marginal @entity604 was 6.9% (95% CI: 2.2-11.6%). CONCLUSION: The risk of severe @entity2520 in teeth with extrusive and lateral luxation @entity130 is generally low. Marginal @entity604 and repair-related resorption occurred significantly more often in teeth with mature rather than immature root development. Marginal @entity604 was associated with @entity130 involving multiple teeth.

title: XXXX following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition: a longitudinal cohort study.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal healing complications']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis-related resorption']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal healing complications']


abstract: Cytogenetic analysis was performed on short-term cultures of @entity5 tissue obtained from five @entity1 with @entity3620 . Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were detected in four @entity1 , none of whom had received cytotoxic therapy prior to karyotypic evaluation. Recurring chromosomal changes included partial deletions of 1p and 3p, and monosomy of 18, 19, and 22. We also reviewed data on 24 previously reported pretreatment @entity1 and determined that alterations of chromosomes 1, 3, and 22 are frequently associated with @entity3620 . @entity393 due to deletions or other rearrangements most frequently involve bands 1p11-pter with the shortest region of overlap (SRO) occurring at 1p21-p22 in our @entity1 . Deletions and other structural changes of chromosome 3 usually involve the region 3p14-p25. The SRO of 3p deletions appeared to be at band 3p21. Monosomy 22 represents the most consistent specific whole chromosome loss seen in @entity3620 , being observed in 11 of 28 cases summarized. In addition, structural changes of 22q have been observed in three @entity1 , and a breakpoint at 22q11 was reported in each case. Taken collectively, these data suggest that a cascade of events involving alterations of genes on more than one specific chromosome may play a critical role in the development of @entity3620 . The pattern of recurring @entity393 , particularly of 1p, 3p, and 22q, indicates that these regions should be targeted for future molecular investigations into the possible involvement of suppressor genes in this malignancy.

title: Recurring loss involving chromosomes 1, 3, and 22 in @entity3620 : possible sites of XXXX suppressor genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss', 'Partial loss of chromosome 1']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'pleural malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated platelets have been recently reported to produce platelet microparticles and to enhance platelet-leukocyte interaction. The precise role of platelets in @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) has not been clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe @entity130 and @entity295 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with severe @entity1850 ( @entity1850 criteria and serum C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dL) and 12 healthy volunteers were studied. The severe @entity1850 was caused by @entity130 in 12 @entity1 and @entity295 in 14. Microparticle formation, @entity8729 expression on platelets, platelet-monocyte binding, and platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) binding were measured by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of @entity1360 , @entity5037 , or anti- @entity8729 monoclonal antibody. Soluble @entity8729 , thrombomodulin, neopterin, and PMNL elastase in blood were also measured. RESULTS: Microparticle formation, @entity8729 expression on platelets, platelet-monocyte binding with or without @entity1360 , and platelet-PMNL binding with @entity1360 significantly increased in @entity1 with severe @entity1850 in comparison with values in normal volunteers. The increased platelet-leukocyte binding in severe @entity1850 @entity1 was markedly inhibited by @entity8729 blockade and was not enhanced by @entity5037 . Soluble @entity8729 , thrombomodulin, neopterin, and PMNL elastase in blood also increased in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Activated platelets enhance microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe @entity130 and @entity295 . Enhanced platelet-leukocyte interaction is dependent on @entity8729 expression and may be involved in the systemic inflammatory response after severe inflammatory insult.

title: Activated platelets enhance microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe XXXX and @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare a low kilovoltage scanning protocol with a reduced radiation dose with a standard high kilovoltage, moderate-dose protocol for the depiction of central and peripheral pulmonary arteries at single-detector spiral computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study had institutional review board approval; informed consent was waived. A 100-kVp protocol (volume CT dose index [CTDI(vol)], 3.4 mGy) was compared with a standard 140-kVp protocol (CTDI(vol), 10.4 mGy) in two groups that were each composed of 35 consecutive @entity1 who were suspected of having @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and scanned with otherwise identical acquisition parameters and contrast material injection protocols. Mean main pulmonary artery enhancement and maximum enhancement in peripheral pulmonary arteries were compared. In a blinded evaluation, the percentages of segmental and subsegmental arteries that were considered analyzable for assessment of @entity1151 were determined. Overall image quality and delineation of various anatomic areas were subjectively assessed. Comparison of percentages of analyzable segmental and subsegmental arteries and subjective grading of image quality between the two different protocols were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: There were 38 male and 24 female @entity1 (mean age, 61 years; range, 17-86 years) in the final evaluation. There was a significantly higher average CT number in the main pulmonary artery (379 HU +/- 95) for the 100-kVp protocol than for the 140-kVp protocol (268 HU +/- 63, P < .001, two-sided t test). Maximum CT numbers in peripheral pulmonary arteries at the level of the aortic arch and lung bases, respectively, were 290 HU +/- 91 and 279 HU +/- 100 for 100 kVp and 185 HU +/- 65 and 144 HU +/- 63 for 140 kVp (P < .001). Mean percentage of subsegmental arteries considered analyzable per @entity1 was higher for 100 kVp than for 140 kVp (segmental arteries, 92% vs 88%, P = .13; subsegmental arteries, 71% vs 55%, P < .001). Subjective grading of overall image quality and of the delineation of structures in the lungs, mediastinum, and upper abdomen did not significantly differ between protocols. CONCLUSION: At reduced radiation exposure, low kilovoltage scanning increases the percentage of central and peripheral pulmonary arteries that can be evaluated with CT angiography without a substantial decrease in image quality.

title: CT angiography of pulmonary arteries to detect XXXX : improvement of vascular enhancement with low kilovoltage settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'PE']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to establish clinical and imaging characteristics of @entity3582 ( @entity3582 ). METHODS: A group of 76 @entity1 (71 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with @entity3582 was examined. Extensive history and status of the locomotor system were determined in all @entity1 . Radiologic and scintigraphic examinations of the bones, thermography, capillaroscopy, gastroscopy, and histologic analysis were also performed. RESULTS: Family history was positive in all 55 @entity1 (100%) summoned for a check-up. Finger clubbing of the hands and feet as well as positive Schamroth test were found in all @entity1 , while hyperhydrosis was found in 65 (85.5%), @entity19857 in 39 (51%), and involvement of the joints in 52 (68.5%) @entity1 . Histologic analysis in 18 (23.7%) @entity1 predominantly showed periarticular @entity4 and moderate cellular activity. Periostosis of the long bones was also found in all @entity1 , while scintigraphy, performed in 44 @entity1 , was positive in 18 (33.5%) @entity1 in the active phase of the disease. Thermography, performed in 10 @entity1 , ranged from @entity2332 to thermal amputation of feet and hands. Capillaroscopy of hands and feet in 47 (61.8%) @entity1 showed changes in small blood vessels. Gastroscopy indicated abnormalities ( @entity1066 and @entity23828 ) in 21 @entity1 (27.6%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3582 has special clinical and radiographic manifestations (finger clubbing and periostosis of the long bones) that are associated with some minor manifestations. Development of the disease is gradual (to 20 years) and requires a special diagnostic assessment.

title: Primary XXXX : clinical, radiologic, and scintigraphic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23828 :: ('MESH:D005758', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['PHO', 'primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy']

answer: @entity3582 :: (MESH:D010004,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic osteoarthropathy']


abstract: SUMMARY: The goal of this study was to identify cerebral microemboli during @entity1635 surgery and their potential relationship with visual alterations. Transcranial Doppler identified @entity7909 ( @entity7909 ) during surgery in both middle cerebral arteries, and ophthalmologic examination assessed their potential effects on the visual system. Thirteen @entity1 (age 13-17 years) undergoing surgery for @entity1635 or @entity1513 with spine curvature >45 degrees were studied. @entity7909 were identified in 92%. Eleven @entity1 had a total count of <15 @entity7909 , but in the remaining two the count was unexpectedly high (63 and 265 @entity7909 ). Echocardiography in these two @entity1 indicated the presence of an atrial right-to-left shunt. Uneventful preoperative and postoperative visual function was found in 11 @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity1939 and in another ophthalmologic complications developed not related to microembolization. @entity1635 surgery is frequently associated with low counts of cerebral microemboli. It appears that such low embolic counts have no effects on postoperative visual function as determined clinically. Some @entity1 may show high rates of microemboli, which may be related to the presence of right-to-left cardiac shunts. The impact of these signals on brain function remains to be investigated.

title: Cerebral microembolization during pediatric XXXX surgery: a transcranial doppler study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative blindness']

entities_list: @entity7909 :: ('MESH:D006610', 'Disease') :: ['high-intensity transient signals', 'HITS']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is a common @entity209 , it affects both @entity1 and animals. It may induce @entity301 , @entity28 and @entity3428 . Previous studies show that Low frequency Electroacupuncture (EA) have an effect on @entity3610 , however the exact pathway is unclear. AIM: To find the effect of EA on autonomic activity of the heart in @entity2691 (EV) induced @entity3610 @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in 3 groups: 1) Control; 2) @entity3610 @entity35 ; and 3) @entity3610 @entity35 after EA treatment (n=8 in each group). From the time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis (linear measures) HRV analysis was done. EA stimulation was given at low frequency of 2Hz for 15 min on alternate days for 4-5 weeks. Collected data were statistically analysed using One-Way Analysis of Variance with the application of multiple comparisons of Tukey test. RESULTS: EA treatment group shows significant reduction in Heart Rate (HR) and low frequency, high frequency ratio (LF/HF); and increase in RR interval, Total Power (TP) when compared to @entity3610 group. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that EA treatment has a significant effect on reducing sympathetic tone and decreasing HR in @entity3610 .

title: Heart Rate Changes in Electroacupuncture Treated Polycystic Ovary in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol Valerate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and an associated core set are adequate to describe multidisciplinary clinical assessments of @entity1 with @entity85 . The multidisciplinary assessment (medical, psychiatry, nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychology) of a @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) was audio-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively examined. Concepts were extracted by two raters using a meaning condensation procedure and linked to the ICF. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the adequacy of the ICF and selection of categories contained in the comprehensive @entity1643 core set. Overall, 1,228 concepts were extracted from the 5 h of assessment data. This included 1,056 (86.0 %) concepts that could be linked to the ICF, 366 (34.7 %) of which were designated as personal factors. Eighty different second-level ICF categories were represented in the multidisciplinary assessment. This included 48 of the 78 (61.5 %) comprehensive @entity1643 core set categories and 32 non-core set categories. In addition, 32 of the 80 assessed categories were considered by three or more disciplines during their assessment. The ICF was found to adequately cover the concepts extracted from this @entity1 's assessment. This study demonstrates that clinical assessments of @entity85 can be mapped to the overall ICF framework by applying the ICF linking rules. However, it also questions the content validity and clinical utility of the current comprehensive @entity1643 core set and highlights the need for further research prior to widespread application of the tool in clinical practice.

title: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can be used to describe multidisciplinary clinical assessments of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['chronic musculoskeletal conditions']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['chronic musculoskeletal conditions']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to present the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of @entity1 with @entity150 with @entity1358 differentiation at our institution. METHODS: Between 1995- 2009, 950 @entity1 were followed-up for @entity150 . Among them, 14 @entity1 with @entity189 were retrospectively reviewed, and their clinical, pathological features and treatment were recorded. RESULTS: Median age of the @entity1 was 65 years (range: 41-86 years), 12 (86%) being male and 2 (14%) female. All the @entity1 presented with @entity811 and 11 (88%) had a history of smoking. The @entity5 growth pattern was solid in 10 @entity1 , papillary in 2, and mixed in 2. In all, 5 of the @entity1 had @entity189 with @entity1358 differentiation and 9 were diagnosed with @entity189 . Five @entity1 underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit surgery, 2 @entity1 refused cystectomy, and 8 @entity1 underwent re-TUR. Following diagnosis ,12 of the @entity1 died in mean 10.7 months (range: 1-48 months). CONCLUSION: @entity189 with @entity1358 features are aggressive and are usually at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The outcomes of multimodal treatment are not satisfactory. Significant findings of the present study are that early diagnosis positively affect survival and that @entity136 and @entity900 in combination can positively affect survival.

title: Early detection and @entity136 / XXXX combination positively effect survival in sarcomatoid @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Urothelial carcinomas', 'sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The purpose of the investigation was to study the specific features and the course of @entity1534 -associated duodenal ulcer (DU) concurrent with chronic @entity16883 (CO) A hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity1534 -associated DU were examined. Of them 78 @entity1 were found to have @entity1534 -associated DU concurrent with CO. In mixed pathology, asthenovegetative disorders were observed in most @entity1 , one third had @entity1712 . With an over 10-year history of CO, acid production and pepsin secretion substantially decreased in both phases of gastric secretion. Mucosal atrophic changes were found mainly in the antral portion of the stomach, which frequency correlated with the duration of Opisthorchis invasion. The incidence of @entity3202 tripled. All the @entity1 received eradication therapy by the classical first-line treatment regimen including @entity4546 and the antibiotics @entity4581 and @entity115 . In the mixed pathology group, the time of @entity1066 scarring increased by an average of 5 days. Fifty-eight with pathology continuously receiving the antisecretoty agent underwent dehelminthization with the anthelminthic bilthricide in 33 @entity1 and with the plant anthelminthic dry aspen bark extract in 25. Evaluation of the efficiency of eradication therapy indicated that the best results of @entity1534 eradication had been achieved in the @entity1 dehelminthized with bilthricide. Assessment of long-term results showed that after multimodality therapy (eradication followed by bilthricide dehelminthization), there were no relapses for 2 years and there was a drop in the number of @entity1 resorting to on-request therapy in @entity1 with @entity1534 -associated DU concurrent with CO.

title: [The course of XXXX -associated duodenal ulcer concurrent with chronic @entity16883 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity16883 :: ('MESH:D009889', 'Disease') :: ['opisthorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative defect']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal studies have highlighted the role of vascular @entity23229 during @entity205 -induced nephrotoxicity. @entity23229 antagonists could improve kidney survival but are not commonly used during @entity8 and in association with several immunosuppressive drugs due to a supposed higher risk of adverse events. We tested the tolerance of @entity14292 according to its expected adverse events: @entity4144 , @entity520 , @entity551 , @entity810 , or any other adverse event. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, prospective, open-label study in 31 kidney-transplant recipients with @entity8 (30 and 50 mL/min/1.73m2) and receiving @entity205 . All @entity1 received @entity14292 25 mg/d for 8 weeks. Serum @entity972 , renal function and expected adverse events were closely monitored. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 experienced mild @entity4144 (>5 mmol/L), one moderate @entity4144 (>5.5 mmol/L) and had to receive @entity972 -exchange resin. No severe @entity4144 (>6 mmol/L) occurred. One @entity810 was observed, secondary to @entity294 . Basal serum @entity972 and @entity3157 were independently associated with a higher risk of developing mild @entity4144 (>5 mmol/L) under treatment (OR 6.5, p = 0.003 and 0.7, p = 0.007, respectively). A cut-off value of 4.35 mmol/L for basal serum @entity972 was the best factor to predict the risk of developing mild @entity4144 (>5 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Until @entity470 falls to 30 mL/min/1.73m2, @entity14292 could be safely given to kidney-transplant recipients receiving @entity205 , if kalemia is closely monitored. When renal function is impaired and if basal kalemia is >4.35 mmol/L, then clinicians should properly balance risk and benefit of @entity14292 use and offer dietary advice. An adequately powered prospective randomized study is now needed to test its efficiency (and safety) in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01834768.

title: Safety of @entity14292 for Kidney-Transplant Recipients with @entity8 and Receiving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity23229 :: ('4306', 'Gene') :: ['Mineralocorticoid receptor', 'mineralocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible inhibitory effects of hot water extract of Scutellariae radix and its major components ( @entity19988 , @entity7651 , and @entity42095 ) on experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented @entity95 . METHODS: To produce aqueous flare elevation in @entity95 , @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), 25 microg/mL, was applied to the @entity267 with the use of a glass cylinder, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), 0.5 microg/kg, were injected into an ear vein. Animals were pretreated by the oral administration of 150 g/day of food containing 0.02%, 0.07%, or 0.2% (w/w) extract of Scutellariae radix for 5 days, or by intravenous injection of @entity19988 , @entity7651 , or @entity42095 , 60 microg/kg or 600 microg/kg, 30 minutes before experimental @entity1596 was induced. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. Aqueous flare intensity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) in arbitrary units. RESULTS: The AUC of @entity1421 - and LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation was 1,343 and 5,066 arbitrary units, respectively. Pretreatment by oral administration of 0.07% or 0.2% extract of Scutellariae radix did not inhibit @entity1421 -induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 1,252 and 1,210, respectively), but it did inhibit LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 2,248 and 1,973, respectively). Pretreatment by intravenous injection of 600 microg/kg of @entity19988 , @entity7651 , or @entity42095 inhibited LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 2,289, 2,163, and 1,509, respectively). Pretreatment with 60 microg/kg of @entity42095 also inhibited LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 1,980). CONCLUSION: Hot water extract of Scutellariae radix may have an inhibitory effect on experimental anterior @entity1596 induced by LPS in pigmented @entity95 .

title: Effects of scutellariae radix extract and its components ( @entity19988 , @entity7651 , and XXXX ) on the experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity19988 :: ('MESH:C006680', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalein']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

answer: @entity42095 :: (MESH:C085514,Chemical) :: ['wogonin']


abstract: A retrospective study was undertaken to review demographic data, clinical presentation, outcomes, and long-term results of surgical repair of @entity439 ( @entity439 ). @entity439 are a rare @entity154 . Surgery is the treatment of choice. A retrospective review of an institutional database identified 86 @entity1 who underwent SVA repair from 1956 to 2003. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 40 years. The median age was 45 years (range 5 to 80). Approximately 44% of the @entity1 had associated @entity337 . @entity397 occurred in 34% of @entity1 . The predominant @entity292 was from the right sinus of Valsalva to the right ventricle. Most (65%) were diagnosed by echocardiography, and the remaining (35%) were diagnosed on cardiac catheterization. All subjects underwent SVA repair. Seventy-two @entity1 (84%) underwent other cardiac procedures at the time of @entity439 repair. Six @entity1 (7%) died perioperatively, and the actuarial 10-year survival rate was 63%. In conclusion, echocardiography is the most frequently used diagnostic tool. The most common site of the @entity439 was the right coronary sinus. The concomitant surgical repair of associated @entity1757 , @entity118 , and the aortic valve is often required. Elective surgical repair can be performed with low risk.

title: Sinus of XXXX --47 years of a single center experience and systematic overview of published reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['SVAs', 'aneurysm', 'sinus of Valsalva aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptures']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Valsalva aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The six-minute walk test has been widely used to evaluate functional capacity and predict mortality in several populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the six-minute walk test for the life expectancy of @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 over 18 years old who underwent hemodialysis for at least six months were included. @entity1 with @entity1344 , smoking, @entity1030 , physical incapacity and acute @entity64 in the preceding three months were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 (54% males; 36+11 years old) were followed for 144 months. The distance walked in the six-minute walk test was a survival predictor for @entity454 @entity1 . In the multivariate analysis, for each 100 meters walked with a 100-meter increment, the hazard ratio was 0.53, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37-0.74. There was a positive correlation between the distance walked in the six-minute walk test and peak @entity26 consumption (r = 0.508). In the multivariate analysis, each year of dialysis treatment represented a 10% increase in @entity204 probability; in the severity index analysis, each point on the scale represented an 11% increase in the @entity204 risk. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that survival increased approximately 5% for every 100 meters walked in the six-minute walk test, demonstrating that the test is a viable option for evaluating the functional capacity in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Prognostic value of the six-minute walk test in XXXX life expectancy: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stroke']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) is characterized by progressive development of multiple (> 20) @entity96 . Two separate genes, @entity36521 and @entity36522 , have been identified to cause @entity409 . We designed this study with two goals: to assess the relative contribution of @entity36521 and @entity36522 mutations in a cohort of unrelated @entity1 with a variable number of @entity96 , and to assess the effect of these mutations on the severity of the @entity409 phenotype. We selected @entity1 with two or more @entity96 on radiological studies and excluded those with @entity8 . A total of 51 @entity1 entered the study and three groups were distinguished: A, 2-10 cysts (18 @entity1 ); B, 11-20 cysts (nine @entity1 ); and C, more than 20 cysts (24 @entity1 ). In total we found that eight @entity1 with multiple @entity96 (16%) had @entity36521 (5) or @entity36522 (3) mutations. Two @entity1 (11%) from group A had missense mutations (1 @entity36521 and 1 @entity36522 ). Six @entity1 (25%) with more than 20 @entity96 had mutations (4 @entity36521 and 2 @entity36522 ), of which five mutations were chain-terminating. In conclusion, both @entity36521 and @entity36522 mutations are associated with @entity409 . Frequency and severity of mutations is higher among @entity1 with more than 20 @entity96 , but also @entity1 with as few as eight @entity96 can be mutation carriers.

title: Extensive mutational analysis of XXXX and @entity36522 broadens the spectrum of @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PCLD', 'Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease', 'familial PCLD', 'polycystic liver disease']

answer: @entity36521 :: (5589,Gene) :: ['PRKCSH']