abstract: The heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria of @entity2621 leads to overdiagnosis and prevents strong conclusions from being drawn in clinical studies. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive scoring system. A case-control study compared a set of presurgical features of @entity1 with lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid ( @entity2621 ) and controls, in order to design a multi-criteria scoring system. Given a dichotomous outcome (lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid), a set of covariates was analyzed in 180 @entity1 after total thyroidectomy. A different validation cohort of 1,171 @entity1 was reviewed and classified according to the score. Variables associated with the diagnosis of @entity2621 were first assessed by univariate analysis. Analysis showed that TPOAb (area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.67; 95  % CI 0.57-0.77) and TgAb (0.63; 95  % CI 0.54-0.74) were univariate predictors of the diagnosis of @entity101 , which is largely recognized. Combined covariates were then tested using stepwise logistic regression analysis. The final regression model included TPOAb, TgAb, and thyroid vascularity (AUC 0.72; 95  % CI 0.62-0.81). A scoring system was developed, which has a sensitivity of 45.5  % and a specificity of 89.0  %, with a cutoff of 1.7. The likelihood of incident @entity1375 was higher (OR 2.30; p  =  0.004) in the positive (>= 1.7) score group. A scoring system has a better performance than any single predictor and is able to identify the subgroup of individuals at higher risk to develop subsequent @entity1375 .

title: A comprehensive score to diagnose XXXX : a proposal.

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: In the FREEDOM study, denosumab treatment (60 mg every 6 months) decreased bone resorption, increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and reduced new vertebral, nonvertebral, and @entity173 over 36 months in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . In a subset of these @entity1 , hip quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed at baseline and months 12, 24, and 36. These scans were analyzed using @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) software, which allowed assessment of total hip integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical compartments; the cortical compartment was further divided into 2 areas of interest (outer and inner cortex). This substudy reports changes in @entity79 and bone mineral content (BMC) from baseline and compared placebo with denosumab over 36 months of treatment (placebo N=26; denosumab N=36). Denosumab treatment resulted in significant improvements in total hip integral volumetric @entity79 (vBMD) and BMC from baseline at each time point. At month 36, the mean percentage increase from baseline in total hip integral vBMD and BMC was 6.4% and 4.8%, respectively (both p<0.0001). These gains were accounted for by significant increases in vBMD and BMC in the trabecular, subcortical, and cortical compartments. In the placebo group, total hip integral vBMD and BMC decreased at month 36 from baseline by -1.5% and -2.6%, respectively (both p<0.05). The differences between denosumab and placebo were also significant at months 12, 24, and 36 for integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical vBMD and BMC (all p<0.05 to <0.0001). While the largest percentage differences occurred in trabecular vBMD and BMC, the largest absolute differences occurred in cortical vBMD and BMC. In summary, denosumab significantly improved both vBMD and BMC from baseline and placebo, assessed by QCT @entity2996 , in the integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical hip compartments, all of which are relevant to bone strength.

title: Improvements in hip trabecular, subcortical, and cortical density and mass in postmenopausal @entity1 with XXXX treated with denosumab.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MIAF', 'Medical Image Analysis Framework']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze epigenetic regulation of two related genes, @entity13645 ( @entity13645 ) and @entity57187 , and its significance as a determinant of clinical phenotypes in @entity1 @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We have investigated the expression and epigenetic regulation of @entity13645 and @entity57187 in @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Expression of @entity13645 and @entity57187 is down-regulated in @entity0 cell lines. Aberrant methylation in the CpG islands of each gene correlates well with loss of expression at the mRNA level. Analysis of methylation in DNA isolated from @entity1 primary @entity0 showed that methylation in either gene was associated with a worse @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P=0.008) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) following surgery (P=0.04) and worse @entity66 following adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.01). Methylation of @entity13645 alone was associated with a trend toward decreased @entity1349 (P=0.10) and decreased @entity66 (P=0.25). Methylation in @entity57187 was clearly associated with worse @entity1349 (P=0.001) and @entity66 (P<0.0001). Methylation in either @entity13645 or @entity57187 was significantly associated with @entity66 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of @entity13645 and @entity57187 is regulated by aberrant hypermethylation in @entity0 , implying that inactivation of these genes is involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Analysis of methylation of these genes may have utility in prediction of clinical phenotypes, such as @entity66 and response to chemotherapy.

title: Epigenetic inactivation implies independent functions for insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-related protein 1 and the related @entity57187 in inhibiting XXXX phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast cancer cell lines and primary and metastatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity13645 :: ('3490', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1', 'IGFBP-rP1']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) are rare cancers of young @entity1 . Limited prospective trials exist from which evidence-based management can be developed. This review summarizes the available literature concerning MOGT in order to provide the clinician with information relevant to their multidisciplinary management. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched between 1966 and 2010 for all publications in English where the studied population included @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 . RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 can be cured with fertility-preserving surgery with or without combination chemotherapy. Long term survival approaches 100% in early stage disease and is approximately 75% in advanced stage disease. Most studies suggest that the treatment has little, if any, effect on future fertility and limited data suggest that there is no adverse effect on the future quality of life. CONCLUSION: MOGCTs are rare @entity5 of young @entity1 the majority of which can be successfully treated with fertility-preserving surgery with or without chemotherapy with preservation of reproductive function. Minimisation of chemotherapy in good prognostic groups and improved treatment in resistant and relapsed @entity43 are important goals for the future. Further studies are needed to quantify the late adverse effects of treatment in long term survivors.

title: Multidisciplinary management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['MOGCT', 'malignant ovarian germ cell tumours', 'Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant ovarian germ cell tumours']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an effective anti-psoriatic agent but there are major concerns about its long-term @entity137 , in particular to the liver. Reported frequencies and recommendations for monitoring @entity1 on @entity1500 vary considerably. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and severity of @entity1500 -associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) in @entity1 with @entity1569 and @entity5144 . A retrospective analysis was performed of 104 @entity1569 and @entity5144 @entity1 (60 male, 44 female) treated with @entity1500 between October 1968 and October 1998. The severity of ADR was classified according to Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC). Acute ADR was defined as adverse effects within the first 90 days of @entity1500 therapy. ADR seen later were classified as chronic. In 83 @entity1 165 ADR were noted within the beginning of @entity1500 therapy. In five @entity1 treatment was terminated because of ADR. During long-term therapy 23 @entity1 received < or = 2000 mg @entity1500 (group A); 81 received a cumulative dose greater than 2000 mg (group B). The total frequency of ADR in group B and the frequency of ADR CTC grade 3 or 4 in general was not significantly increased in group B (chi2 test; P = 0.468). Group B was characterised as follows: CTC grade 3 or 4 blood count changes led significantly more often to the termination of @entity1500 (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.048), CNS side-effects (P = 0.016) and @entity281 were more frequent (chi test; P<0.001). Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not significantly more frequent in group B. ADR are common in @entity1569 @entity1 on @entity1500 therapy independent of the cumulative dose. In most cases they are temporary by nature and mild. Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not a major problem in our @entity1 .

title: @entity137 of @entity1499 treatment in @entity1569 and XXXX --short- and long-term @entity137 in 104 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with closed myelomeningoceles, shunted @entity1276 , and symptomatic @entity1645 were studied retrospectively. Seventeen of the 22 @entity1 were aged 6 months or younger; five @entity1 were aged 3 to 23 years. @entity1 in the younger group presented with stridor, @entity386 , and/or feeding difficulty; those in the older group presented with @entity1269 , @entity1688 , oscillopsia, @entity346 , or opisthotonos. Fourteen of the 17 younger @entity1 underwent surgical decompression of the @entity1645 : 10 within 18 days following the onset of symptoms and four on Day 19 or later. Of the 10 @entity1 with early treatment, five eventually died secondary to continued symptoms and five survived. Of those surviving, three were asymptomatic and two had continuing symptoms but were improved over their preoperative state. Among the four @entity1 undergoing surgery later, two died, one had lessening of stridor, and one had complete relief of symptoms. Of the three @entity1 not undergoing decompression, two died and one eventually became asymptomatic. All five of the older @entity1 underwent decompression and all had complete resolution of their preoperative symptoms and signs. The authors conclude that while decompression of a symptomatic @entity1645 may be effective in @entity1 and adults, this treatment does not always improve the clinical condition of @entity1 . This may be the result of @entity63 / @entity519 effects on the @entity1 's brain stem, which may not be organized normally at birth.

title: Symptomatic XXXX : review of experience with 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformations', 'Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) to explore the distribution, treatments, patterns of relapse and outcomes by primary site. SETTING: We have reviewed the outcomes of one of the largest data sets of consecutive @entity1 with EPSCC identified from two major @entity5 centres. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with a histopathological diagnosis of EPSCC from the two institutions were retrospectively identified. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were evaluated including stage at presentation, treatments given, sites of relapse, time to distant relapse, progression-free survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: From a total 159 @entity1 , 114 received first-line chemotherapy, 80.5% being platinum-based. Response rate was 48%. Commonest primary sites were genitourinary and gynaecological. 44% of @entity1 presented with metastatic disease. 55.9% relapsed with liver the commonest site, whereas only 2.5% developed brain @entity3 . Median @entity1349 was 13.4   months for all @entity1 , 7.6   months and 19.5   months for those with metastatic and non-metastatic disease, respectively. Gynaecological and head and neck @entity1 had significantly better @entity1349 compared to gastrointestinal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4153 demonstrate high response rates to chemotherapy and high rates of distant @entity3 . Primary sites may influence prognosis, and survival is optimal with a radical strategy. Brain @entity3 are rare and we therefore do not recommend prophylactic cranial irradiation.

title: Patterns of relapse in @entity4153 : retrospective analysis of outcomes from two XXXX centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas', 'EPSCCs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a recently released procedure-targeted multicenter data source to determine independent predictors of @entity64 or @entity204 in @entity1 undergoing @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) for @entity543 . METHODS: The 2012 @entity3538 -targeted American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used for this study. @entity1 , disease, and procedure characteristics of @entity1 undergoing @entity3538 were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for 30-day @entity260 . RESULTS: The analysis included 3845 @entity1 undergoing @entity3538 (58.1% with asymptomatic and 41.9% with symptomatic @entity66 ). The overall 30-day @entity64 / @entity204 rate was 3.0% (1.9% in asymptomatic @entity1 , 4.6% in symptomatic @entity1 ). The variables that maintained an independent association with @entity64 / @entity204 after adjustment for other known @entity1 -related and procedure-related factors were age >= 80  years, active smoking, contralateral internal @entity543 of 80% to 99%, emergency procedure status, preoperative @entity64 , presence of one or more ACS NSQIP-defined high-risk characteristics (including any or all of New York Heart Association class III/IV @entity712 , left ventricular ejection fraction  <30%, recent unstable @entity951 , or recent @entity583 ), and operative time >= 150  minutes. CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for a comprehensive array of @entity1 -related and procedure-related variables of particular import to @entity1 with @entity543 , we have identified several factors that are independently associated with @entity64 or @entity204 after @entity3538 . These factors are generally related to the comorbid condition of @entity3538 @entity1 and to specific characteristics of their @entity66 , and not to technical features of the @entity3538 procedure. Knowledge of these factors will assist surgeons in selecting appropriate @entity1 for this procedure.

title: Predictors of 30-day XXXX or @entity204 after @entity3538 using the 2012 @entity3538 -targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'postoperative stroke', 'early stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['CEA', 'carotid endarterectomy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke/death or other major complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['postoperative stroke']


abstract: Blockade of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor by the ion-channel-blocking drug aptiganel @entity5209 ( @entity55505 , Cerestat) is neuroprotective in focal @entity2806 . Short intravenous infusions of up to 30 microg/kg have been well tolerated by healthy male volunteers. We undertook a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 male volunteers to examine the safety, tolerability, and cardiovascular and psychomotor effects of a dosing paradigm similar to that envisaged for therapeutic use. Aptiganel @entity5828 was infused over 4 h in total doses of 15, 32, 50, or 73 microg kg. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly with dose group (p < 0.01, analysis of covariance). Motor reaction time was related to maximal plasma concentration (r2 = 0.21, p < 0.001). Transient symptoms and signs of peripheral paresthesiae, light-headedness, and euphoria were seen at total doses of 32 microg/ kg. Higher doses were associated with @entity1957 , @entity132 , and @entity1833 (one case). Clearance was 125 +/- 55 L/h, and volume of distribution was 537 +/- 1,261. Total doses of up to 32 microg/kg of aptiganel @entity5828 infused over 4 h are well tolerated by healthy males. Aptiganel @entity5828 causes elevation of blood pressure and is associated with central nervous system symptoms and signs similar to other noncompetitive @entity143 antagonists.

title: Effects of prolonged infusions of the @entity143 antagonist XXXX ( @entity55505 ) in normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity55505 :: (MESH:C079779,Chemical) :: ['aptiganel hydrochloride']


abstract: It is known that accumulation of contraction metabolites in muscles stimulates group III and IV afferents and induces excitation of gamma-efferents to the homonymous muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased concentrations of @entity880 and @entity4338 in one muscle may influence the activity in primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents (MSAs) from the chemically affected muscle and from surrounding muscles. The experiments were made on 7 @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4486 . Recordings were made simultaneously from 2-8 single MSAs from the triceps surae ( @entity1412 ) and the posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles (PBSt). The mean rate of firing and the depth of modulation of MSA responses to sinusoidal stretching of the receptor-bearing muscles were determined. Responses of 27 primary MSAs (11 from PBSt and 16 from @entity1412 ) were recorded. On 24 of these clear-cut alterations in sinusoidal response were evoked by injection of 1 ml of @entity4338 (50-600 mM) or 1 ml of @entity880 (20-200 mM) into the artery supply of the @entity1412 muscle. Also, all secondary MSAs recorded (4 from PBSt and 1 from @entity1412 ) showed sizable effects to increased intramuscular concentrations of @entity4338 and/or @entity880 . On both primary and secondary MSAs, from @entity1412 as well as from PBSt muscles, nearly all effects observed were compatible with activation of static fusimotor neurons. Effects on MSAs were completely abolished when the ipsilateral L7-L6 ventral roots were cut and when the @entity1412 nerve was anesthetized. Intravenous injections of @entity4338 and @entity880 , as well as arterial injections of 0.9% @entity1219 , were ineffective in changing the MSA responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influences on the gamma-muscle spindle system from muscle afferents stimulated by @entity4338 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most staffing models designed for adult @entity146 hospitals are based on the well-known relationship between high staff- @entity1 ratios and high effectiveness of treatment units. Staffing ratios likely gain their predictive power by serving as a proxy measure for the amount of attention @entity1 receive from staff. This study directly measured the amount of attention that @entity1 received from staff to determine whether it could account for the variance in unit effectiveness predicted by staffing ratios and serve as a better predictor of unit effectiveness. METHODS: Data from 22 wards in state or Department of Veterans Affairs mental health institutions, which housed 673 short- and long-stay @entity1 , were analyzed. Only full-time direct care staff were included in the calculation of staff- @entity1 ratios. The amount of attention provided to @entity1 by staff was determined over seven days by a highly reliable observational assessment system. The two best social-action outcome measures over a six-month period were adjusted for confounding variables to provide residualized indexes of unit effectiveness. RESULTS: Staff- @entity1 ratios significantly predicted unit effectiveness as indexed by residualized community tenure, accounting for 24 percent of the variance. However, staff- @entity1 ratios did not significantly predict unit effectiveness as indexed by net gain in discharge rates. Taking into account the amount of staff attention received by @entity1 significantly improved the prediction of community tenure by 36 percent and the net gain in discharge rates by 66 percent over staffing ratios alone. The amount of staff attention also accounted for the relationship between staffing ratios and community tenure. CONCLUSIONS: Staffing decisions should be made on the basis of more precise information about treatment requirements, not just staffing ratios.

title: Relationship between staffing ratios and effectiveness of inpatient XXXX units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 with @entity3147 are susceptible to @entity281 . Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the major effector of the nonspecific immune response in host resistance to @entity281 . Dietary restriction may impair PMN-mediated immunity in the peritoneal cavity by reducing PMN exudation, adhesion molecule expression on PMNs, and chemokine production. DESIGN: Randomized study of @entity19 glycogen-induced @entity298 with dietary restriction. SETTING: University research laboratory. MATERIALS: Male C57BL/6J @entity19 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity19 (N = 204) were assigned to ad libitum, moderate, and severe diet-restricted groups receiving @entity19 chow ad libitum (132 g/kg, 66 g/kg, and 33 g/kg daily for 7 days, respectively). After dietary restriction with or without 1 day of refeeding, @entity19 were administered glycogen intraperitoneally to induce cell exudation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3804 , @entity12213 , and @entity6232 expressions on circulating PMNs, phagocytosis, and reactive @entity26 intermediate production by exudative PMNs were measured after glycogen installation. The levels of PMN-specific chemokine, @entity9701 ( @entity9701 ), in peritoneal lavage fluid were also measured. These parameters were measured after glycogen installation in the refeeding experiment. RESULTS: Seven days of dietary restriction decreased @entity3804 / @entity12213 expression on circulating PMNs, @entity9701 levels in peritoneal lavage fluid, and subsequent PMN exudation into the peritoneal cavity early in @entity298 . Both @entity3804 and @entity12213 expression on circulating PMNs and @entity9701 levels correlated significantly with numbers of exudative PMNs. Seven days of dietary restriction also @entity73 , while up-regulating reactive @entity26 intermediate production by exudative PMNs. Only 1 day of ad libitum refeeding normalized @entity3804 / @entity12213 expression with PMN exudation into the peritoneal cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term dietary restriction impairs PMN exudation into local inflammatory sites in @entity19 @entity298 by reducing @entity3804 / @entity12213 expression and @entity9701 production. Even brief nutritional replenishment in diet-restricted @entity1 may improve host defense via restoring these PMN functions and chemokine production at local inflammatory sites.

title: Dietary restriction impairs neutrophil exudation by reducing XXXX / @entity12213 expression and chemokine production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'mouse', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired phagocytosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9701 :: ('20310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-2', 'macrophage inflammatory protein 2']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity3804 :: (16409(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD11b']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the results of vitrectomy and release of @entity15811 for the treatment of @entity6810 ( @entity6810 ) associated with @entity20699 (PVD). DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : A series of 16 @entity1 with clinical picture of @entity6810 and small discs associated with partial PVD, diagnosed clinically and confirmed by optical coherence tomography and B-scan ultrasonography. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with meticulous removal of @entity15811 within 1 month from the onset of @entity227 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean deviation of visual fields, and color vision testing. RESULTS: In 15 @entity1 BCVA improved (93.7%), mean preoperative BCVA was 6/38 (0.82+/-0.53 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), which improved to 6/18 (0.49+/-0.37 logMAR) postoperatively at 3 months. Nine eyes (56%) had > or =3 lines of visual improvement. Visual fields improved in 4 @entity1 and color vision improved in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Vitreous traction from partial PVD may have a causative role in some cases of @entity6810 associated with small discs. In these cases, vitrectomy and removal of epipapillary vitreous may result in improvement of visual acuity.

title: Vitrectomy and release of presumed epipapillary vitreous traction for treatment of XXXX associated with @entity20699 .

entities_list: @entity15811 :: ('MESH:D014823', 'Disease') :: ['epipapillary vitreous adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'NAION']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['partial posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity6810 :: (MESH:D018917,Disease) :: ['nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity378 following @entity1907 . @entity1 presented to us with chief complaints of sore throat and @entity158 on swallowing for period of 3 months. On examination with 70 degree telescope, we observed an @entity1066 on right side of base of tongue. The edges of the @entity1066 appeared to be undermined with whitish slough at the centre of the @entity1066 . Examination of neck showed a multiple small palpable middle deep cervical lymph nodes on right side of neck. Biopsy of the @entity1066 was taken, which showed @entity32 , suggestive of @entity378 . Laboratory investigations revealed a raise in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sputum for acid fast bacilli was strongly positive. Chest X ray was performed for @entity1 showed multiple areas of consolidation. @entity1 was referred to chest clinic for further management of @entity378 and was started on anti-tuberculous drugs. In conclusion @entity378 of @entity1697 is rare, but should be considered among one of the differential diagnosis of the oral lesions and biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['base of tongue tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Base of tongue tuberculosis']


abstract: The Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) is used for transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ). This study aimed to determine the factors influencing successful closure with the ASO. A retrospective analysis of 69 @entity1 who underwent transcatheter ASD occlusion between 2003 and 2007 was performed. The ASO was successfully implanted during 67 (97%) of 69 procedures. A major adverse event occurred for 6 @entity1 (9%), and 13 @entity1 (19%) experienced a minor adverse event. The outcome for 53 cases (77%) was a composite clinical success. @entity1 age (p = 0.191) and consultant experience (p = 0.270) were not important factors in successful ASD occlusion. However, @entity1 weight (p = 0.031), diameter of the defect (p = 0.030), device size (p = 0.044), aortic rim size (p = 0.002), and device/defect ratio (p < 0.001) all were significant factors. Complications were significantly more likely for @entity1 whose device/defect ratio was <1.125 (loose) or > or = 1.333 (tight) (p < 0.001). The device/defect ratio may provide a clinically useful tool with the potential to predict @entity1 likely to experience an adverse event as a result of transcatheter ASD occlusion. A larger sample would enable refinement of the device/defect ratio and provide a more robust prediction of success.

title: Factors related to successful transcatheter closure of XXXX using the Amplatzer septal occluder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When compared with the conventional surgical evacuation for the treatment of @entity2208 , medical evacuation has been largely accepted as an effective and safe management. However, there is a lack of data on the long-term reproductive outcome of these two treatment modalities, which is crucial in @entity1 counselling. The current study evaluates and compares the long-term fertility and pregnancy outcome following these two treatments. METHODS: A cohort of 604 @entity1 enrolled in a previous randomized controlled trial comparing medical and surgical evacuation for @entity2208 were followed up prospectively by telephone interview at a median of 6 (range 4-9) years using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 423 @entity1 were contacted and four declined to participate (response rate 69.4%). Of these, 261 @entity1 (131 medical and 130 surgical evacuations) had attempted to become pregnant since the @entity2208 . There were no differences in their baseline characteristics including age, reproductive and contraceptive history. The natural conception rates were the same (97.7%, P = 0.99) and the cumulative pregnancy rates were similar between groups, being 60 and 80% at 12 and 24 months respectively. The median time-to-pregnancy was 8 months in both groups (P = 0.97) and the subsequent live birth rates (85.2 versus 88.2%, P = 0.72) resulting from the immediate pregnancy following previous treatment were similar. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term conception rate and pregnancy outcome are not different following medical or surgical evacuation for @entity2208 . @entity1 should be reassured that their long-term fertility potential will not be compromised after medical treatment.

title: Long-term reproductive outcome subsequent to medical versus surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed our experience in the repair of acute and chronic @entity1580 with regard to early @entity51 and @entity204 . METHODS: Between February 1991 and June 1996, we performed 206 operations on 195 @entity1 for @entity1580 . Ascending or arch repair, or a combination (type A dissection) was performed on 92 of 206 @entity1 (45%); 44 of 92 (48%) were acute dissection and 48 of 92 (52%) were chronic. Descending or thoracoabdominal repair (type B dissection) was performed on 114 of 206 @entity1 (55%); 22 of 114 (19%) were acute and 92 of 114 (81%) were chronic. RESULTS: Among type A cases, @entity64 occurred in 6 of 92 @entity1 (7%) overall; 4 of 44 (9%) were acute cases and 2 of 48 (4%) were chronic (p < 0.34). Early deaths for type A were 11 of 92 (12%) overall; 9 of 44 (20%) acute and 2 of 48 (4%) chronic (p < 0.02). In type B cases, @entity16 were 15 of 114 (13%) overall; 7 of 22 (32%) were acute cases and 8 of 92 (9%) were chronic (p < 0.004). Early deaths for type B were 12 of 114 (11%) overall; 3 of 22 (14%) acute and 9 of 92 (10%) chronic (p < 0.6). @entity551 was significant in @entity697 @entity1 , with @entity64 in 2 of 7 (29%) @entity551 compared with 2 of 37 (5%) normotensives (p < 0.05) and @entity204 in 4 of 7 (57%) @entity551 versus 5 of 37 (14%) normotensives (p < 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality for repair of chronic dissection types A and B were acceptable. @entity551 in @entity697 dissection was a major predisposing factor toward @entity64 (29% versus 5%, p < 0.05). Acute type B dissection had acceptable mortality (14%) but a high rate of @entity16 (32%).

title: Operation for acute and chronic @entity1580 : recent outcome with XXXX and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensives', 'Preoperative hypotension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['regard to neurologic deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity1 @entity1779 is an exceedingly rare condition and is almost never encountered by physicians in developed countries. The case report summarizes a case of extensive @entity1779 in a periurban community in the United States. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: After a minor motor vehicle accident, police brought a 75-year-old @entity1 to the emergency room because he was observed to have a large @entity129 . Examination revealed a 15 x 17 cm frontal @entity79 with eroded frontal dura, exposed cortex, and massive @entity4057 . INTERVENTION: The @entity1 was empirically treated with intravenous antibiotics for @entity693 . Maggots ( @entity4058 , or the @entity4058 ) were removed by suction, attrition, and gentle contact exposure to a mild bleach solution. Biopsy of the scalp and cranium revealed @entity5426 , for which operative treatment was refused. The @entity1 was transferred to a skilled nursing facility for palliative care where he died 3 months later. CONCLUSION: This is the first published case of @entity1779 in the United States. Although @entity1 @entity1779 is rare, conditions do exist in this country that permit @entity4057 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity5426 of the scalp: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['cortical maggot infestation', 'myiasis']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral myiasis']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['green bottle fly', 'Phaenicia sericata']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral myiasis']


abstract: We identified 34 new ribosomal protein genes in the @entity6739 database at the Sanger Centre coding for 30 different ribosomal proteins. All contain the Homol D-box in their promoter. We have shown that Homol D is, in this promoter type, the TATA-analogue. Many promoters contain the Homol E-box, which serves as a proximal activation sequence. Furthermore, comparative sequence analysis revealed a ribosomal protein gene encoding a protein which is the equivalent of the @entity1 @entity58564 . The budding @entity375 @entity375 has no L28 equivalent. Over the past 10 years we have isolated and characterized nine ribosomal protein (rp) genes from the @entity6739 @entity6739 . This endeavor yielded promoters which we have used to investigate the regulation of rp genes. Since eukaryotic ribosomal proteins are remarkably conserved and several rp genes of the budding @entity375 @entity375 were sequenced in 1985, we probed DNA fragments encoding @entity375 ribosomal proteins with genomic libraries of @entity6739 . The deduced @entity535 sequence of the different isolated rp genes of @entity6739 share between 65 and 85% identical @entity1522 with their counterparts of budding @entity375 .

title: Cytoplasmic ribosomal protein genes of the XXXX @entity6739 display a unique promoter type: a suggestion for nomenclature of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins in databases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'S.pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S.cerevisiae', 'yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity58564 :: ('6158', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein L28']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: We describe the clinical, hematological and histomorphological features in @entity1 of primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) seen at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences over three years (Jan 2001-Jan 2004). Twenty-one @entity1 of primary @entity2590 aged 17 year or less were classified using the latest proposed WHO classification for Pediatric @entity2590 . The median age was 9 years with male predominance (80%). Pallor was present in all the cases while fever and @entity548 diathesis was present in more than 50% of the cases. Morphological assessment of the peripheral blood showed macrocytosis in 50%, @entity3043 in 15% and blast cells in 45% of cases. A complete analysis of clinical features in conjunction with the bone marrow profile revealed 8 cases of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), 3 cases of @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 5 cases of @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 4 cases of @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ) and a solitary cases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in @entity1467 . These @entity1 were followed up from 1-36 months (mean 15 months). Three @entity1 of @entity7139 progressed to @entity3052 within 3-4 months. @entity1503 had the best prognosis and all are alive and under regular follow up. The solitary case of @entity3052 of @entity1467 died 1.5 months after initial diagnosis. All 3 cases of @entity7139 are under regular follow-up and doing well. Three cases of @entity7139 died (all had progressed to @entity3052 ); the remaining 2 cases were lost to follow up. Of the 4 cases of @entity12188 1 died within 6 months of diagnosis; the other 3 cases are under regular follow up of whom 1 has a progressively increasing blast count. We conclude that the latest proposed WHO classification for Pediatric @entity2590 can be successfully applied to all cases of primary @entity2590 .

title: Primary @entity2590 in XXXX --clinical, hematological and histomorphological profile from a tertiary care centre in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with excess blasts', 'refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation', 'RAEB-T', 'RAEB']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia', 'JMML']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cytopenia', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Downs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3459 ( @entity3459 ) is a well established local ablation technique for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, pathological changes in liver tissue after this therapy have not been well described. We examined the histological changes of @entity157 after @entity3459 observed in explanted livers in relation to CT findings. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with 18 lesions of @entity157 underwent @entity3459 and subsequent liver transplantation. Explanted livers were examined macro- and microscopically, and an evaluation of mitochondrial activity of ablated tissue was accomplished by using @entity10168 ( @entity10168 ) stain in frozen sections. RESULTS: Of the 18 lesions, 16 were ablated completely and another two had @entity41 . The size of the ablated areas on CT scan corresponded to the macroscopic findings. Histologically the area of ablation was rimmed by a palisading, histiocytic, giant cell, @entity32 associated with fibrotic bands. @entity39 with faded nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm were the predominant findings in the ablated areas. There were also areas in which the @entity5 cells had cytoplasmic eosinophilia, but nuclei were present and the cells seemed to be viable. On the @entity10168 stain of frozen tissue taken from the edge of the ablated area, @entity10168 activity was negative in both @entity39 and nonnecrotic ablated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the treated areas after microwave ablation develop coagulative @entity39 accompanied by a foreign body-like @entity32 and @entity82 . Pathologists need to be aware that after this form of therapy, portions of the @entity5 maintain their native morphological features as if the area is fixed, but their cellular activity is destroyed.

title: Histopathological changes after microwave coagulation therapy for @entity1 with XXXX : review of 15 explanted livers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10168 :: ('6390', 'Gene') :: ['SDH', 'succinic dehydrogenase']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reaction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'Coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['MCT', 'Microwave coagulation therapy']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 61-year-old @entity1 (57   kg, 171   cm) underwent surgery under general anaesthesia with desflurane 5.8-6.1 vol. % end-tidal, @entity1937 0.2-0.4    g/kg/min and @entity2898 35   mg (0.61   mg/kg). On return of the second twitch in the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulation measured by acceleromyography, @entity19271 120   mg (2.1   mg/kg) was given. After complete neuromuscular recovery, @entity2400 3600   mg (60   mg/kg) was injected intravenously over 5   min to treat @entity955 . This was associated with recurarisation with a nadir [first twitch   =   25%, @entity3370 ratio (TOFR)   =   67%] 7   min after the start of the @entity2400 infusion ( @entity1760 plasma level: 2.67   mM). A spontaneous twitch value and a TOFR of >   90% were observed 45   min after the beginning of the @entity2400 infusion under general anaesthesia. Rapid infusion of @entity2400 may re-establish a @entity19271 -reversed, @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 during general anaesthesia, probably because of the high plasma level of @entity1760 (2.67   mM). Desflurane and a small fraction of unbound @entity2898 may amplify the known muscle relaxing effects of @entity1760 . Intravenous injection of @entity2400 is not recommended in @entity1 after general anaesthesia with neuromuscular relaxants, particularly after @entity19271 reversal. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring should be used for reversing aminosteroid muscle relaxants with @entity19271 - particularly in combination with @entity1760 injection - to prevent post-operative residual curarisation.

title: @entity1760 -induced recurarisation after reversal of XXXX -induced @entity4094 with @entity19271 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: The entrance of influenza virus into host cells is facilitated by the attachment of the globular region of viral hemagglutinin to the @entity3167 receptors on host cell surfaces. In this study, we have cloned the cDNA fragment encoding the entire globular region (residues 101-257) of hemagglutinin of the @entity778 (A/ck/Korea/ms96/96). The protein segment (denoted as the H9 peptide), which was expressed and purified in @entity526 , was used for the immunization of BALB/c @entity19 to obtain the anti-H9 antiserum. To identify specific DNA aptamers with high affinity to H9 peptide, we conducted the SELEX method; 19 aptamers were newly isolated. A random mixture of these aptamers showed an increased level of binding affinity to the H9 peptide. The sequence alignment analysis of these aptamers revealed that 6 aptamers have highly conserved consensus sequences. Among these, aptamer C7 showed the highest similarity to the consensus sequences. Therefore, based on the C7 aptamer, we synthesized a new modified aptamer designated as C7-35M. This new aptamer showed strong binding capability to the viral particles. Furthermore, it could prevent MDCK cells from @entity1800 by strong binding to the viral particles. These results suggest that our aptamers can recognize the hemagglutinin protein of avian influenza virus and inhibit the binding of the virus to target receptors required for the penetration of host cells.

title: DNA aptamers against the receptor binding region of hemagglutinin prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['H9N2 type avian influenza virus']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['avian influenza viral infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the behavioural and weight status outcomes in English @entity1 in a feasibility study of a novel primary school-based @entity28 prevention programme. DESIGN: Exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme. SETTING: Four city primary schools (two control and two intervention) in the South West of England. @entity1 : 202 @entity1 aged 9-10   years, of whom 193 and 188 were followed up at 18 and 24   months, respectively. No @entity1 was excluded from the study; however, to be eligible, schools were required to have at least one single Year 5 class. INTERVENTION: Four-phase multicomponent programme using a range of school-based activities including lessons, assemblies, parents' evenings, interactive drama workshops and goal setting to engage and support schools, @entity1 and their families in healthy lifestyle behaviours. It runs over the spring and summer term of Year 5 and the autumn term of Year 6. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Weight status outcomes were body mass index, waist circumference and body fat standard deviation scores (SDS) at 18 and 24   months, and behavioural outcomes were physical activity, television (TV) viewing/screen time and food intake at 18   months. RESULTS: At 18   months of follow-up, intervention @entity1 consumed less energy-dense snacks and more healthy snacks; had less 'negative food markers', more 'positive food markers', lower mean TV/screen time and spent more time doing moderate-vigorous physical activity each day than those in the control schools. Intervention @entity1 had lower anthropometric measures at 18 and 24   months than control @entity1 , with larger differences at 24   months than at 18   months for nearly all measures. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this exploratory trial show consistent positive changes in favour of the intervention across all targeted behaviours, which, in turn, appear to affect weight status and body shape. A definitive trial is now justified.

title: Behavioural and weight status outcomes from an exploratory trial of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP): a novel school-based XXXX prevention programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 are still a challenging problem for surgeons and carry high morbidity and mortality risk. The aim of this study was to review the presentation and outcomes of @entity5 and to identify the risk factors related with poor prognosis. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and twenty-five @entity1 underwent emergency surgical treatment for malignant obstructions between January 1997 and January 2002. Data included age, sex, past medical history, presenting symptoms; physical findings on admission, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, operative details, @entity260 , length of hospitalization and hospital mortality were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Seventy-three (58%) of the @entity1 have poor performance status on admission. Potentially curative resection was performed in 74 (60%) @entity1 . Surgical treatment was palliative in 43 (34%) @entity1 . Extended bowel resections were utilized in 20 (16%) @entity1 . Our hospital mortality rate was 21%, and postoperative morbidity rate was 31%. Coexisting @entity66 , presence of generalized perforation, poor general condition and extended bowel resections appeared to be related with unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgical treatment for @entity5 may be curative in selected @entity1 with good performance status.

title: Outcomes of emergency surgical treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant bowel obstructions', 'malignant bowel obstructions', 'malignant obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant bowel obstructions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed a PCR-based tool that measures a 51-gene panel for identification of @entity5 (NENs) in peripheral blood. This manuscript assesses the robustness (performance metrics) of this tool with a specific focus on the effects of individual parameters including collection, storage, acid suppressive medication [proton pump inhibitor (PPI)], age, sex, race and food on accuracy. METHODS: Performance metrics were evaluated using a gold standard (mRNA derived from three individual @entity1 @entity5 cell lines) and clinical samples using qPCR. RESULTS: One hundred percent of the 51 transcripts were amplified in the gold standard (NEN cell line-derived mRNA) (CQ<35, average efficiency 1.94). The inter- and intra-assay variations were 1%-2%. In clinical samples, 50 of 51 targets (98%) were amplified. The inter- and intra-assay reproducibility ranged between 0.4% and 1.2%. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 5.3%. Expression of the reference gene, @entity37976 , was robust [low variation, low M-value, high (99.5%) PCR efficiency] and unaffected by sample processing. Test meals, long-term PPI use (>1 year), age, sex and ethnicity had no effect on the signature. Expression of two genes, ALP2 and @entity1009 correlated strongly with RNA integrity (R=0.72, p<0.001) and could be used to assess storage and processing. CONCLUSIONS: The 51 marker gene signature was robust and reproducible, exhibiting acceptable inter- and intra-assay metrics (<5%). Feeding, PPI intake, age, sex and ethnicity do not affect the signature. Expression levels of @entity47097 and @entity1009 are effective surrogate markers of proper sample collection and processing.

title: Gut XXXX blood qPCR fingerprint assay: characteristics and reproducibility.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fish gonadal sex differentiation is affected by sex @entity230 treatments providing an efficient strategy to control the sexual phenotype of fish for aquaculture purposes. However, the biological effects of such treatments are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the main effects of an @entity342 masculinizing treatment ( @entity57186 , 11betaOHDelta4, 10 mg/kg of food for 3 months) on gonadal gene expression profiles of an all-female genetic population of trout. To characterize the most important molecular features of this process, we used a large scale gene expression profiling approach using @entity5660 DNA microarrays combined with a detailed gene ontology ( @entity74 ) analysis. RESULTS: 2,474 genes were characterized as up-regulated or down-regulated in trout female gonads masculinized by @entity342 in comparison with control male or female gonads from untreated all-male and all-female genetic populations. These genes were classified in 13 k-means clusters of temporally correlated expression profiles. @entity74 ( @entity74 ) data mining revealed that @entity342 treatment triggers a marked down-regulation of genes potentially involved in early oogenesis processes ( @entity74 'mitotic cell cycle', 'nucleolus'), an up-regulation of the translation machinery ( @entity74 'ribosome') along with a down-regulation of proteolysis ( @entity74 'proteolysis', 'peptidase' and 'metallopeptidase activity'). Genes considered as muscle fibres markers ( @entity74 'muscle contraction') and genes annotated as structural constituents of the extracellular matrix ( @entity74 'extracellular matrix') or related to meiosis ( @entity74 'chromosome' and 'meiosis') were found significantly enriched in the two clusters of genes specifically up-regulated in @entity342 -treated female gonads. @entity74 annotations 'Sex differentiation' and 'steroid biosynthesis' were enriched in a cluster of genes with high expression levels only in control males. Interestingly none of these genes were stimulated by the masculinizing @entity342 treatment. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that @entity342 masculinization results in a marked dysregulation of early gene expression profiles when compared to natural testicular or ovarian differentiation. Based on these results we suggest that, in our experimental conditions, @entity342 masculinization proceeds mainly through an early inhibition of female development.

title: @entity342 -induced masculinization in XXXX results in a marked dysregulation of early gonadal gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity57186 :: ('MESH:C003582', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene ontology']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: @entity549 ( @entity549 ) was used to evaluate the recovery of vision in albino @entity7547 larvae with one eye discarded and the other transplanted either to the orbit (orthoclops) or to the top of the head (cyclops). @entity549 was assessed at approximately 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively, using an automated, infrared monitor. Some 88% of the orthoclopes and 64% of the cyclopes recovered @entity549 . However, among the cyclopes that did recover, the quantitative aspects of @entity549 were virtually the same as those of the orthoclopes. That the cyclopean eye can regenerate retinotectal pathways was established by anterograde tracing of @entity3699 ( @entity3699 ). But where previously uninjured animals transported @entity3699 to the contralateral tectum, both the cyclopes and the orthoclopes distributed the enzyme to the left and right tectal halves. Heavy deposits of @entity3699 were found in the tecta of some animals that lacked @entity549 . To find out if an optic tectum is actually required for @entity549 , a series of ablation experiments were performed, using Ambystoma punctatum larvae. Tectectomy had the same effect on @entity549 as bilaterally extirpating the eyes or intracranially severing both optic nerves, i.e. removing the tectum abolished @entity549 . THE RESULTS: (1) confirm the efficacy of the ectopic eye in the cyclops preparation; (2) show that the ectopic eye can regenerate retinotectal pathways; (3) indicate that retinotectal contact is a necessary but insufficient condition for @entity549 .

title: Phototaxic behavior and the retinotectal transport of XXXX ( @entity3699 ) in surgically created cyclopean salamander larvae (Ambystoma).

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['Negative phototaxis', 'NP']

entities_list: @entity3699 :: ('MESH:C563206', 'Disease') :: ['HRP', 'horseradish peroxidase']

answer: @entity3699 :: (MESH:C563206,Disease) :: ['horseradish peroxidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated efficacy and side effects of the combination of @entity3522 and @entity1443 used for @entity158 relief after major surgery. METHODS: After ethical approval, 78 @entity1 , presenting for elective caesarean section, were recruited to this double-blind trial and randomised to receive one of three analgesic modalities: @entity1443 , @entity3522 , or @entity3522 and @entity1443 . Anaesthesia was standardised with 2.25-2.5 mL of spinal @entity1341 5 mg/mL in @entity413 80 mg/mL and @entity3575 12.5 mug. Study drugs were given as a suppository at the end of surgery then orally for 24 h. The primary outcome was i.v. @entity1286 use when administered as @entity1 -controlled analgesia for the first 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes were visual analogue @entity158 scores measured 2, 4, 6, 10 and 24 h after surgery and verbal rating @entity158 scores and side effects measured 2-hourly for the first 12 h and 4-hourly thereafter. RESULTS: @entity1 given the combination of @entity3522 and @entity1443 required less @entity1286 than did @entity1 given @entity1443 alone (mean+/-SD: 33.8+/-23.9 mg versus 54.5+/-28.5 mg, P=0.02). @entity1286 use in @entity1 given @entity3522 alone (42.2+/-26.0 mg) was not significantly different from @entity1286 use in the other two groups. Eight out of 26 @entity1 receiving @entity1443 alone were not satisfied with @entity158 management; two required intravenous @entity1286 injections. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 given a combination of @entity3522 and @entity1443 used 38% less @entity1286 compared to @entity1 given @entity1443 .

title: A double-blind randomised controlled trial of @entity1443 , @entity3522 or the combination for XXXX relief after caesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Genetic polymorphisms result in absent enzyme activity of @entity5320 (poor metabolizers, PM) in about 10% of the Caucasian population. This study investigates whether the PM genotype has an impact on the response to @entity1340 @entity1337 in postoperative @entity1 . A prospective study design was used and 300 @entity1 recovering from abdominal surgery were enrolled. After titration of an individual loading dose, @entity1 could self-administer 1 ml bolus doses of the drug combination @entity1340 20 mg/ml, @entity10964 200 mg/ml and @entity1769 0.4 mg/ml via @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (PCA). @entity1 ' genotype was analyzed considering the most prevalent PM associated @entity5320 mutations using a real-time PCR and hybridization based genotyping method. Demographic data, surgery related variables, @entity158 scores, analgesic consumption and need for rescue medication were compared between extensive metabolizers (EM) and PM. The primary outcome criterion 'response' was defined as responder or non-responder status by the need for rescue medication and @entity1 ' satisfaction at the final interview. Demographic and surgery related data were comparable between EM (n=241) and PM (n=30). The percentage of non-responders was significantly higher in the PM group (46.7%) compared with the EM group (21.6%; p=0.005). @entity1340 loading dose amounted to 108.2+/-56.9 and 144.7+/-22.6 mg (p<0.001) in EM and PM, respectively. More @entity1 displaying the PM genotype needed rescue medication in the recovery room and during PCA period than @entity1 with at least one wild type allele (21.6 versus 43.3%, p=0.02). PM for @entity5320 showed a lower response rate to postoperative @entity1340 @entity1337 than EM. Therefore, @entity5320 genotype has an impact on @entity1337 with @entity1340 . Pharmacogenetics may explain some of the varying response to @entity158 medication in postoperative @entity1 .

title: Impact of XXXX genotype on postoperative @entity1340 @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity5320 :: (1565,Gene) :: ['CYP2D6']


abstract: PLATELET INHIBITION: Conventional NSAIDs and @entity117 have platelet-inhibiting properties via platelet cyclo-oxygenase-1 (Cox-1) isoenzyme inhibition. Among the NSAIDs which induce reversible inhibition of Cox-1, naproxen seems to have a potent platelet-inhibiting action associated with a decrease in cardiovascular clinical events in secondary prevention. @entity8726 is indicated in the secondary prevention after @entity583 . Conversely, no conventional NSAID is indicated and none have demonstrated efficacy in primary prevention. GI BLEEDING: The platelet-inhibiting action of conventional NSAIDs and @entity117 is a key factor in explaining the increased risk of @entity548 reported with these medicinal products. Digestive system @entity548 is the main risk. Few data are available regarding @entity548 other than gastro-intestinal. @entity2247 SPECIFIC INHIBITION PROPERTIES: Conversely, @entity2247 specific inhibitors have no platelet-inhibiting properties: the pharmacological profile of @entity2247 SI is therefore different from that of conventional NSAIDs. These medicinal products are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, platelet-inhibiting agents which are not harmful to the @entity5932 and which probably induce less @entity5143 . In @entity1 with cardiovascular risks, @entity2247 SI can and should be used in combination with platelet-inhibiting agents, in particular @entity117 , because they do not alter the @entity117 effect on platelets, contrary to what is observed with conventional NSAIDs. PRESCRIPTION WITH ANTI-COAGULANTS: The concomitant prescription of conventional NSAIDs with anti-coagulants is not recommended because, in addition to the possible potentiation of oral anti-coagulants, NSAIDs increase the risk of serious @entity548 adverse events due to their irritative effect on the @entity5932 and their platelet-inhibiting effect. This risk might be lower with @entity2247 specific inhibitors.

title: [Prescription of NSAIDs in XXXX treatment with platelet inhibitors or anticoagulants].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['Flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgery in neonates may be complicated by @entity810 that is sometimes due to @entity101 . Correction of the decreased renal perfusion may be difficult. CASE REPORTS: Case no 1. A @entity1 weighing 3,000 g was operated on at 3 hours of life for @entity14147 . Closing the defect induced @entity101 and decreased systemic pressure. Despite @entity935 , @entity452 , followed by @entity1483 , @entity1696 persisted without manifestations of @entity712 . @entity1063 (0.1 to 0.7 micrograms/kg/min intravenously) given 24 hours after surgery resulted in normalization of systemic pressure and diuresis. Case no 2. A @entity1 was born at gestational week 30, weighing 1,450 g. At 8 days of age, he was suffering from shock that was attributed to perforation of the bowel due to @entity3166 . Surgery was complicated by acute circulatory and @entity177 that did not respond to @entity935 , @entity452 or @entity1483 . Infusion of @entity1063 , (0.2 to 0.6 micrograms/kg/min intravenously) induced diuresis within 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1063 can be useful in @entity1 with postoperative @entity101 . It should only be given after correction of @entity3485 , control of myocardial function, and when @entity935 remains ineffective.

title: [ XXXX after abdominal surgery in 2 newborn @entity1 . Beneficial effect of @entity1063 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased intra-abdominal pressure']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['congenital omphalocele']

answer: @entity1696 :: (MESH:D001002,Disease) :: ['Anuria']


abstract: ABSTRACT. OBJECTIVE: Light-to-moderate @entity167 drinking has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 @entity6 , for which @entity28 is a primary risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine whether drinking @entity167 influences the relationship between @entity28 and @entity4854 . METHOD: The relationships of @entity1386 indices with @entity4854 were compared among middle-aged Japanese @entity1 (N = 12,627) who were non-, light-to-moderate (<22 g @entity1068 /day), heavy (>= 22 and <44 g @entity1068 /day), and very heavy (>= 44 g @entity1068 /day) drinkers. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations of hemoglobin A1c with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), which were significantly weaker in light-to-moderate and heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers but were not significantly different in very heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers. Odds ratios (ORs) for @entity4854 in subjects with versus those without high BMI or WHtR were significantly higher than reference level of 1.00 in all the drinker groups and significantly lower in light-to-moderate and heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers; however they were not significantly different in very heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers. ORs of the interaction term consisting of @entity167 drinking and high @entity1386 index were significantly lower than the reference level in the light-to-moderate and heavy drinkers (OR with 95% confidence interval: high BMI, 0.61 [0.41, 0.91] in light-to-moderate drinkers and 0.64 [0.48, 0.85] in heavy drinkers; high WHtR, 0.57 [0.38, 0.85] in light-to-moderate drinkers and 0.66 [0.50, 0.88] in heavy drinkers) but were not significantly different from the reference level in very heavy drinkers (high BMI, 0.90 [0.65, 1.25]; high WHtR, 1.04 [0.74, 1.46]). CONCLUSIONS: The associations between @entity28 and @entity4854 were weaker in light-to-moderate drinkers than in nondrinkers. Thus, light-to-moderate drinking may reduce the impact of @entity28 on the risk for @entity6 . (J. Stud. @entity167 Drugs, 75, 1032-1038, 2014).

title: Light-to-Moderate XXXX Drinking Reduces the Impact of Obesity on the Risk of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of covered stents for the management of iatrogenic @entity1317 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 03  /  1998 and 12  /  2009, 31 @entity1 underwent selective covered stent implantation after iatrogenic @entity1317 . 12  /  31 of these @entity1 (38.7  %) were hemodynamically unstable. Six different endovascular covered stent types were utilized. The primary endpoints of this study were technical and clinical success and rates of minor and major complications. RESULTS: Initial angiograms demonstrated active extravasation in 19 (61.3  %) @entity1 and @entity2849 in 12 (38.7  %) @entity1 . The following sites of bleeding origin were detected: axillary artery, subclavian artery, common iliac artery, external iliac artery, internal iliac artery, common femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal and fibular artery, femoro-popliteal and popliteo-crural bypasses, common hepatic artery, aberrant hepatic artery, @entity432 . In all @entity1 bleeding was effectively controlled by covered stent implantation resulting in an immediate technical success of 100  %. Clinical success attributed to covered stent implantation was documented in 30 of the 31 @entity1 (96.8  %). Major complications included @entity204 in four @entity1 (11.1  %), acute @entity715 with arm @entity63 in one @entity1 (2.8  %) and stent @entity174 with associated @entity2849 in another @entity1 (2.8  %). In 2  /  31 @entity1 (6.5  %) covered stent failure was detected and successfully treated by implantation of a second covered stent. CONCLUSION: Emergency and elective implantation of covered stents may be used for minimally invasive and effective management of iatrogenic @entity1317 .

title: Emergency and elective implantation of covered stent systems in iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cystic and gastroduodenal artery']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injuries']


abstract: This report describes the case of a @entity1 who had undergone surgery to resect bilateral @entity43 and then presented with colon metastasis 20 years later. A 69-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital for a clinical survey. She had been operated on for bilateral @entity43 in 1987 and was treated by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity1 's follow-up showed no abnormality until 2006. Colonoscopy revealed an elevated irregular lesion in the cecum. A biopsy of the lesion showed a group V, moderately differentiated @entity420 . A right hemicolectomy with a partial resection of the ileum and a lymphadenectomy was performed. Immunohistochemical staining during the pathological diagnosis showed the lesion to be colon metastasis from a @entity4937 . Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity5822 , @entity1735 antigen (CA)-125, and @entity172 receptors, and negative for @entity2225 , carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA19-9. The use of immunohistochemistry demonstrated the @entity5 to be of ovarian origin.

title: Colon metastasis 20 years after the XXXX : Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['removal of ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity427 reflex (ASR) can be used as a tool to examine @entity2146 . The potential role of reticulospinal mechanisms in the development of @entity508 has been suggested but not tested. OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity2146 at different stages of motor recovery in @entity1 with @entity64 using the ASR. METHODS: Sixteen subjects with @entity64 participated in the study. We examined ASR responses at rest and contralateral motor overflow during @entity2798 . RESULTS: ASR responses in impaired biceps muscles showed different patterns at different stages. In subjects without @entity508 , ASR responses were less frequent (10% on impaired side) and had normal duration (<200 ms). In subjects with @entity508 , the responses were more frequent (58.3% on impaired side) and longer lasting (up to 1 minute). However, no correlation between exaggerated reflex responses and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores was observed. During @entity2798 on the impaired side, similar positive linear force-electromyogram (EMG) relationships were found in subjects with and without @entity508 . Electromyographic activity of the resting nonimpaired limb increased proportionally in subjects with @entity508 (r = 0.6313, P = .0004), but no such correlation was found in subjects without @entity508 (r = 0.0191, P = .9612). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings of exaggerated ASR responses and associated contralateral overflow only in spastic biceps muscles in @entity1 with @entity64 suggest the important role of reticulospinal mechanisms in the development of @entity508 .

title: XXXX reflex in @entity1 with @entity64 at different stages of motor recovery: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke', 'hemiplegic stroke']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['reticulospinal excitability']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic startle']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary elbow flexion']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['Acoustic startle']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Recent findings raise the possibility that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 may be related with fat contents and distribution. The present study aimed to elucidate the associations of serum @entity11648 levels with the fat contents and distribution. METHODS: A total of 1599 normoglycemic individuals with preserved kidney function were enrolled. Serum levels of intact @entity11648 were detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overweight/ @entity28 was defined by a body mass index of >= 25.0  kg/m(2). Visceral fat area (VFA) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and @entity1144 was defined as VFA >= 80  cm(2). RESULTS: Among the study population of 597 @entity1 , 411 premenopausal @entity1 , and 591 postmenopausal women, serum @entity11648 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with overweight/ @entity28 and @entity1144 , respectively (both P  <  0.001). Each one-unit increase in VFA was associated with a 0.028-pg/mL increase in serum @entity11648 levels in @entity1 (P  =  0.001) and a 0.051-pg/mL increase in serum @entity11648 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 (P  <  0.001). Whether in the presence of overweight/ @entity28 or not, the presence of @entity1144 was independently associated with the increase in serum @entity11648 levels in @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 (all P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity11648 levels are elevated in @entity28 individuals, especially those with @entity1144 . The independent associations between the presence of @entity1144 and the increase in serum @entity11648 levels in specific groups suggest that serum @entity11648 levels may indicate the risk of metabolic and @entity65 in @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Associations of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels with XXXX and visceral fat accumulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Agricultural work continues to be a dangerous occupation. Older farmers experience high risks for work-related injury. The purpose of this research was to determine if there is a relationship between medication use and injury among older male farmers in Alberta. METHODS: Using probabilistic linkage between an Alberta Agriculture government registry of farm operators and the Alberta Health Plan registry file, older farmers (aged 66 and older) were identified. Farm related @entity130 were identified using an E-code search of both hospitalization and emergency department separations for a 3-year period. Cases were matched to controls on age, geographic health region, and index injury date at a ratio of 1:5. Co-morbidity and medication use for each of the cases and controls were derived from population based health system utilization files. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine which medications were related to injury. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 282 farm related @entity130 were suffered by the linked group. Controlling for co-morbidity, farmers who had stopped taking @entity158 killers (OR = 9.37 [95% CI:4.95, 17.72]) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (OR = 2.40 [95% CI:1.43, 4.03]) 30 days prior to the date of injury were at risk of injury. Those farmers taking sedatives up until the date of injury were also at risk (OR = 3.01 [95 CI:1.39, 6.52]). In addition, those suffering from @entity322 (OR = 2.95 [95% CI:1.30, 6.71]), and @entity130 (OR = 1.42 [95% CI:1.04, 1.95]) were also at greater risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship of medication use and injury in this population is different from those observed in studies of falls in older @entity1 . We hypothesize that distraction from either @entity158 or co-morbidity may play an important role in the etiology of @entity130 suffered in this active older working population. Further investigations in this area are required to confirm these findings.

title: XXXX , medication, and injury in older farmers.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence/urinary tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['prior injury', 'injuries']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: 1. The somatostatin octapeptide-analogue, @entity2390 , is absorbed as intact peptide from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 2. In situ absorption experiments in @entity35 confirmed our recent intubation studies in @entity1 volunteers demonstrating that the peptide has preferential absorption sites in the small intestine. Absorption of @entity2390 was higher in the jejunum than in the duodenum or the ileum. 3. Experiments with bile-duct cannulated @entity35 demonstrated that the absorption of @entity2390 decreased in the presence of bile, reflecting a negative influence of biliary components on the absorption of the peptide. 4. Uptake experiments using @entity35 jejunal brush border membranes were performed to analyse the absorption mechanisms. The transport of @entity2390 into jejunal brush border membranes was significantly higher than the uptake into membrane vesicles isolated from @entity35 ileum. When initial uptake (0-15s) rates into the membrane vesicles were calculated as a function of the peptide concentration, a saturable component could be observed, indicative of transport mechanisms different from simple diffusion.

title: Enteral absorption of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the distribution of spherical equivalent refraction and ocular biometric parameters in a young Australian population. METHODS: Noncontact methods were used to examine ocular dimensions and cycloplegic autorefraction in a stratified random cluster sample of year 1 Sydney school students (n = 1765), mean age 6.7 years (range, 5.5-8.4 years). Repeated measures of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and greatest and least corneal radius of curvature ( @entity3432 , @entity10911 , respectively) were taken in each eye. Refraction was measured as the spherical equivalent. RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction in right eyes was +1.26 +/- 0.03 D (SEM; range, -4.88 to +8.58). The distribution was peaked (kurtosis 14.4) and slightly skewed to the right (skewness, 1.7). Prevalence of @entity1714 , defined as spherical equivalent refraction < or = -0.5 D, was 1.43% (95% CI, 0.94-2.18) in the overall population. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal radii of curvature were normally distributed. The mean axial length in right eyes was 22.61 +/- 0.02 mm (SEM; range, 19.64-25.35). The mean anterior chamber depth was 3.34 +/- 0.01 mm (SEM; range, 2.14-4.06). Mean @entity3432 was 7.85 +/- 0.01 mm (SEM) and mean @entity10911 was 7.71 +/- 0.01 mm (SEM). The distribution of axial length/mean corneal radius ratio was peaked (leptokurtic) with a mean of 2.906. Mean axial length was longer, anterior chambers were deeper, and corneas were flatter in the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A peaked (leptokurtic) distribution of spherical equivalent refraction was present in this predominantly hyperopic 6-year-old population. The results also showed that ocular biometric measures were normally distributed, with statistically significant gender differences found in measurements.

title: Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and refraction in a population-based study of Australian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: What is already known about this subject        Investigations of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) by non-invasive imaging procedures have limited evidence.        Thirty percent of @entity28 @entity1 are estimated to have @entity1561 and implications for future morbidity are uncertain. What this study adds        Many @entity28 @entity1 and youths exhibit a high liver fat content as examined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.        Associations between liver fat content, anthropometry, abdominal adipose tissue distribution and liver enzymes are illustrated. SUMMARY: The study aims to investigate the degree of @entity1560 and associations with the amount of abdominal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), anthropometric data and biochemical measures of liver enzymes in @entity1 and youths included in @entity28 treatment. The study included 164 @entity1 , aged 6-20 years, with a body mass index (BMI) above the 90th percentile for sex and age. Liver fat content was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). @entity1386 and @entity1386 were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1560 was defined as liver fat content >5% ( @entity1560 -5%) and 9% ( @entity1560 -9%), respectively. Data on waist circumference (WC) and blood samples were available in 124 @entity1 . @entity1560 -5% and @entity1560 -9% were identified in 45% and 27% of the @entity1 , respectively. These @entity1 had increased @entity1386 , @entity1386 , BMI standard deviation score, WC/height ratio, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and @entity15533 ( @entity15533 ) levels. @entity15533 , ALT and @entity1386 were found to be independent risk factors of @entity1560 . In this study, a substantial proportion of @entity28 @entity1 and youths have @entity1560 . Therefore, it is important to examine these subjects for the degree of fat in their liver. Future studies focusing on @entity1560 should consider the use of MRS in addition to blood samples.

title: Liver fat content investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in XXXX @entity1 and youths included in multidisciplinary treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15533 :: ('2678', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-glutamyl transferase', 'GGT']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'Steatosis', 'Hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity16 after the insect stings are comparatively seldom described. They may have the character of the inflammation of the peripherial nerves, convulsive @entity410 or take the form of the @entity308 or the @entity751 . The aim of this work is to present a case of a @entity1 with serious @entity16 after the sting of a hornet. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 with untypical course of reactions after the sting of a hornet is presented in this article. @entity16 , which were growing in first days after the sting, dominated, providing picture of a serious psychomotor deterioration in 14-year-old @entity1 . Several months later after the sting, problems with sight during close-up work and the @entity10 , which caused accommodation disturbances and lack of convergence, remained. It is believed that the cause of the problems might be the toxins of insect venom, which had negative effect on centres responsible for accommodation and convergence of eyes. RESULTS: The treatment and rehabilitation, despite the serious complications after the sting of a hornet, allowed slowly recovery of physiological processes and let her get back to her normal activity. Her sight also improved. The @entity10 during close-up work subsided and her her accommodation and convergence of eyes improved. The @entity1 came back to the normal life after two-year dramatic struggle with serious complications after the sting of a hornet, and she undertook the learning in normal school.

title: [ XXXX and visual disturbance triggered by anaphylactic shock the sting of a hornet. Case report].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms', 'neurological and ophthalmological complications']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychoorganic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological symptoms']


abstract: 1. @entity1425 -induced increase in @entity35 liver @entity1919 in vivo was potentiated when the circulating insulin was suppressed by injection of anti-insulin serum or by induction of @entity6 . Consequently, phosphorylase was activated, glycogen synthetase was inactivated and glycogen accumulation induced by @entity413 load was prevented by @entity1425 in the insulin-deficient @entity35 to a much larger extent than in normal @entity35 . 2. Insulin lack was effective in potentiating @entity1425 -induced increase in liver and muscule @entity1919 even after the treatment of @entity35 with @entity2544 ; the potentiation could not be solely accounted for by the inhibition of @entity1919 phosphodiesterase. Thus, it is likely that insulin lack enhaces @entity1425 activation of @entity51569 . Unlike @entity1425 , glucagon increased liver @entity1919 to essentially the same extent whether the @entity35 was treated with anti-insulin serum or not. 4. Based on the difference in dose-response curves between normal and insulin-deficient @entity35 , a possibility is discussed that there are two @entity1920 cylase in the liver with higher and lower affinities for @entity1425 and that circulating insulin blocks the high affinity enzyme selectively.

title: Attenuation of @entity1425 -induced increase in liver XXXX by endogeneous insulin in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: In a @entity1 @entity52 ( @entity52 ) programme, the effect of co-culture of embryos with @entity1 fibroblasts was evaluated with respect to pregnancy rate and embryo development. @entity1 were included in the study after giving informed written consent. The @entity52 treatments were randomly assigned by stratification of both age (<36 versus > or =36 years) and previous @entity52 attempts (yes versus no). After fertilization was established, the zygotes were transferred to a 4-well dish with or without fibroblasts and cultured for 2 days. On the third day after ovum pick-up (OPU), cell number and quality [5 (good) to 1 (poor)] of the embryos were scored and a maximum of three embryos was transferred. Supernumerary embryos of good quality were cryopreserved. The design of this study was a group sequential trial with the objective of detecting differences between pregnancy rates following @entity52 with conventional incubation or incubation in co-culture with fibroblasts. This design included one evaluation at half-way data collection. In the study, 148 @entity1 had an OPU, of whom 77 were allocated to the co-culture group. There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate, cell number and embryo quality between the two groups. The ongoing pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 27% in co-culture and 30% in the conventional culture group. The implantation rates per transferred embryo were 17 and 18% respectively. Using a multivariate logistic regression model for the probability of ongoing pregnancies, the odds ratio of co-culture, adjusted for age and previous @entity52 attempts, was not statistically significant. In conclusion, co-culture with @entity1 fibroblasts does not contribute to an improvement of embryo quality nor to a higher pregnancy rate after @entity52 in an unselected group of @entity1 .

title: The effects of co-culture with @entity1 fibroblasts on XXXX embryo development in vitro and implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']