abstract: Since the commencement of the St. Vincent's Transplant Programme, 41 @entity1 have undergone orthotopic heart transplantation, with low-dose @entity205 and @entity617 as maintenance immunosuppression. An actuarial survival rate of 75% at 1 year resulted. To reduce early rejection-related @entity204 , @entity500 was chosen as an augmenting immunosuppressive agent to be administered as a prospective randomized trial. Sixty @entity1 were randomized; 29 received low-dose @entity205 plus @entity500 plus @entity617 (group A). Thirty-one @entity1 received @entity205 and @entity500 alone (group B). Both groups received a 7-day course of antithymocyte gamma globulin. One group B @entity1 who underwent retransplantation was not analyzed. Actuarial survival for group A was 92% and group B 93%. The overall incidence of rejection for group A was 1.1 per @entity1 and group B, overall, 2.3 episodes per @entity1 . Group B @entity1 who had persistent rejections were converted to group A protocol. Nine group B @entity1 (30%) required conversion to maintenance @entity230 (group C). The overall incidence of @entity281 was 1.6 episodes per @entity1 and 1.3 episodes per @entity1 for group A and group B, respectively. Two early deaths in group B and one in group A were unrelated to immunosuppressive protocol. One group A @entity1 died at day 280 of @entity177 . There were no rejection- or @entity281 -related deaths in the series. @entity101 occurred with equal frequency in both study groups. The @entity205 and @entity500 protocol produces actuarial survival and morbidity rates comparable to those of a matched triple-therapy group. Thirty percent of @entity1 in this protocol, however, will require maintenance @entity230 .

title: @entity205 and @entity500 immunosuppression without maintenance XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Associations of endogenous sex hormone levels and all as well as @entity172 -receptor (ER)-positive @entity0 are well described. However, studies investigating their association with @entity5 are limited and none use accurate assays such as mass spectrometry. METHODS: Within the UK Collaborative Trial of @entity43 Screening (UKCTOCS), a nested case-control study was undertaken of postmenopausal- @entity1 who developed ER-negative (n=92) or ER-positive (n=205) @entity0 after sample donation and 297 (1:1) age-matched controls. @entity3800 ( @entity251 and @entity2671 ) were measured using mass spectrometry and @entity53 by extraction radioimmunoassay (RIA). Bioavailable @entity53 and @entity251 were calculated using the total hormone level and the sex hormone-binding globulin concentration. Subjects were classified according to the quartile range among controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds-ratio (OR) and 95% confidence-intervals (CI) of the associations between two factors and @entity0 risk. A separate analysis was done by stratifying the @entity1 based on whether they provided their samples less than or more than 2years before diagnosis. RESULTS: @entity53 and free @entity53 were significantly higher prior to diagnosis of ER-negative @entity0 compared with controls while @entity3800 and @entity443 did not show any difference. @entity53 , free @entity53 , free @entity251 and @entity443 were significantly higher before ER-positive @entity0 compared with controls. @entity1 had a twofold increased ER-negative @entity0 risk if @entity53 and free @entity53 were in the top quartile but not @entity3800 ( @entity251 and @entity2671 ) or @entity443 . These associations remained significant only when samples closer (median 1.1y before) to diagnosis were analyzed rather than farther from diagnosis (median 2.9y before). @entity1 had a 2.34 (95% CI: 1.21-4.61, p=0.001), 2.21 (95% CI: 1.14-4.38, p=0.001), 2 (95% CI: 1.05-3.89, p=0.005) fold increased ER-positive @entity0 risk if @entity53 , free @entity53 and free @entity251 respectively were in the top quartile. These associations remained significant regardless of whether the samples were collected less than or more than 2years prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal @entity1 increased @entity172 but not @entity3800 are associated with ER-negative @entity0 . Previously reported associations of @entity53 and free @entity251 with ER-positive @entity0 are confirmed. The use of mass spectrometry and sensitive RIA add validity to these findings.

title: Sex hormone measurements using mass spectrometry and sensitive extraction radioimmunoassay and risk of @entity172 receptor negative and positive XXXX : Case control study in UK Collaborative Cancer Trial of @entity43 Screening (UKCTOCS).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ER-negative tumours']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens', 'androgens']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) increases the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) events. This risk is higher following extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) as part of trimodality therapy, where @entity1211 can be catastrophic. In our series, the impact of @entity1229 in preventing a @entity358 ( @entity358 ) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP for @entity3620 was analysed. A retrospective analysis of 21 consecutive @entity1 undergoing EPP for @entity3620 was conducted. The first 10 @entity1 (Group A) had @entity1211 prophylaxis by subcutaneous enoxaparin and compression stockings commenced a day prior to surgery, intraoperative pneumatic @entity291 compression and early post-operative mobilization. @entity2120 was continued for 30 days postoperatively. The following 11 @entity1 (Group B) had the same @entity1211 prophylaxis, together with @entity1229 , started prior to hospital discharge and continued for 6 months postoperatively. All @entity1 had a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram within 8 weeks after surgery and a full examination at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Both groups were comparable for characteristics. Three @entity1 in Group A suffered a @entity358 at 4, 6 and 16 weeks postoperatively. One @entity358 was fatal. No @entity1 in Group B suffered @entity1211 (P = 0.05,   (2) test) or @entity548 complications. @entity1229 anticoagulation following EPP is feasible and safe, and is associated with a significant reduction in @entity1211 complications.

title: What is the optimum strategy for thromboembolic prophylaxis following extrapleural pneumonectomy in XXXX with @entity3620 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['Enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A noninvasive, sensitive, and specific method of detecting @entity5327 would be of great use in reducing the morbidity and mortality with which it is associated. Acute lesions in polarized electrically coupled tissues lead to @entity130 driven by the transmembrane resting potential gradient. These @entity130 are an effective indicator of pathophysiology. The presence of near-DC @entity130 in @entity95 intestinal smooth muscle has already been demonstrated using a Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arterial reperfusion upon these currents. We exteriorized the small bowel of 14 New Zealand white @entity95 and placed a remotely operated vascular occluder around the distal most artery supplying a 3-in segment of the jejunum. Experiments were conducted in three groups, i.e., control (n=3), @entity63 (n=6), and reperfusion following @entity63 (n=5). The subject's position was modulated in and out of the biological field detection range of a SQUID magnetometer using a lift constructed of nonmagnetic material. The changes in magnetic field amplitude were 9.3 and 31.01% for the control and @entity63 groups, respectively. The reperfusion group first exhibited a decrease of 17.35% from the pre- @entity63 to the @entity63 period, followed by an increase of 13.88% of the @entity63 value after reestablishing perfusion. In conclusion, @entity130 in GI smooth muscle that appear during @entity63 are reduced to near-pre- @entity63 levels during reperfusion.

title: Biomagnetic investigation of XXXX in @entity95 intestinal smooth muscle during @entity5327 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury currents']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury currents']


abstract: Fatigue is often experienced after liver transplantation. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to assess physical fitness ( @entity410 , @entity4094 , body composition) in liver transplant recipients and to explore whether physical fitness is related to severity of @entity1295 . In addition, we explored the relationship between physical fitness and health-related quality of life. Included were 18 @entity1 1-5 years after transplantation (aged 48.0 +/- 11.8 years) with varying severity of @entity1295 . Peak @entity26 uptake during cycle ergometry, 6-min walk distance, isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensors, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, severity of @entity1295 , and health-related quality of life were measured. @entity410 in the liver transplant recipients was on average 16-34% lower than normative values (P <or= 0.05). Furthermore, the prevalence of @entity28 seemed to be higher than in the general population (17 vs. 10%). We found no @entity4094 . @entity410 was the only fitness component that was related with severity of @entity1295 (r (s )= -0.61 to r (s )= -0.50, P <or= 0.05). Particularly @entity410 was related with several aspects of health-related quality of life (r (s )= 0.48 to r (s )= 0.70, P <or= 0.05). Results of our study imply that @entity410 are impaired in liver transplant recipients and that fitness is related with severity of @entity1295 (only @entity410 ) and quality of life (particularly @entity410 ) in this group. These findings have implications for the development of rehabilitation programs for liver transplant recipients.

title: Physical fitness, XXXX , and quality of life after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular fitness', 'deficit in neuromuscular fitness']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition', 'Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: All surgically treated cases of @entity8434 registered in Sardinia from 1969 to 1984 have been analysed. The 16-year period clearly shows that unilocular hydatid disease caused by larvae of tapeworm, @entity12047 , is endemic in Sardinia. In this region there are foci of @entity1 @entity281 notably in the @entity742 rearing areas, of Nuoro and Sassari. The incidence of @entity1 @entity8434 shows a marked regional variation varying during the last survey (1982-1984) between 16.9/1000 in the province of Nuoro to 8.3/1000 in the province of Cagliari. Not all population is at equal risk e.g. 47.1/1000 is the incidence in shepherds respect to 8.9/1000 in employed in services. In Sardinia, although there are a wide variety of suitable intermediate host species, is @entity742 the determinant host for the perpetuation of the parasite's life cycle. The prevalence rate in @entity291 , @entity1707 and @entity1237 in under 30% while the @entity742 incidence is extraordinarily high, over 90% are infected. The @entity235 showed a prevalence rate of 10-20%, the @entity281 was more frequent in shepherd- @entity235 and strays. The rate of @entity8434 in @entity1 appears significantly correlated with number of @entity235 and @entity742 per inhabitants. Two factors are, at present, determinant in the dissemination of @entity8434 : the common sardinian practice of slaughtering @entity742 at home and the indiscriminate proliferation of @entity235 which mainly live as strays. The epidemiological picture and the economic consequences of @entity8434 in @entity1 and livestock, a damage of 28 billions of liras per year, strongly suggest this disease as a major public health problem in Sardinia.

title: [Epidemiology and social/health implications of XXXX in Sardinia].

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: The classical treatment of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is surgical removal. Recent scientific interest has shifted towards alternative, non-surgical interventions in order to decrease the morbidity associated with surgical excision. AIM: This study aims to evaluate a novel approach that combines surgical excision with perilesional interferon injection in a pilot study. METHOD: A total of 23 @entity1 with facial nodular/solid @entity1491 were enrolled and randomised to receive surgical removal with frozen-section control followed by a single perilesional infiltration of either interferon-a or Ringer's @entity880 . @entity1 were evaluated for signs of @entity532 and recurrence after a minimal follow-up of 1 year. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No major complications occurred after infiltration of interferon. One @entity1 required oral antibiotics in the interferon group and two @entity1 showed a small wound dehiscence. At the 1-year follow-up, one @entity1 suffered from a recurrence in the control group. No recurrence was observed in the interferon group. A single perilesional infiltration of interferon-a was safe and did not increase the local complication rate. No recurrence was observed. A larger study is required to analyse the potential of this combination approach in order to minimise the safety margin and thereby decrease the morbidity associated with surgery while improving the cure rate.

title: Treatment of XXXX with surgical excision and perilesional interferon-a.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['local complications']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Endoscopic laser therapy (ELT) for palliation of @entity5 was evaluated in 31 @entity1 with far advanced disease. Initial technical success (94%) and initial improvement of symptoms (81%) were comparable to data reported previously. Complications were @entity548 (6%), @entity295 (6%), and @entity4501 (6%). This analysis, however, addressed the impact of ELT on the remaining life of the @entity1 . In 9 @entity1 (29%) ELT was the only palliative alternative, and in 7 of these @entity1 a fair functional success was achieved. In 13/21 (63%) of the @entity1 with good initial functional result palliation could be preserved by repeated ELT until @entity204 from @entity3085 . Eight @entity1 , however, were intubated in the follow-up period because of failure to keep the esophagus open. The @entity1282 -free interval was only 4 weeks, and repeated ELT became progressively more difficult because of increased @entity5 load and increasing debility of the @entity1 . 32% of the @entity1 experienced ELT as more difficult than repeated dilations. Our data also suggest that duration of palliation after ELT alone lasts longer than palliation after dilation followed by ELT. Results of ELT were best in @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 at the esophagogastric or esophagojejunal @entity254 .

title: Palliative Nd:YAG laser therapy for XXXX : impact on the quality of remaining life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction']


abstract: The liquid layer lining the pulmonary alveolar wall critically determines the lung's immune defense against inhaled pathogens, because it provides a liquid milieu in the air-filled alveolus for dispersal of immune cells and defensive surfactant proteins. However, mechanisms underlying formation of the liquid are unknown. We achieved visualization of the alveolar wall liquid (AWL) in situ in @entity19 lungs by means of optical-sectioning microscopy. Continuous liquid secretion was present in alveoli of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 under baseline conditions. This secretion was blocked by inhibitors of the @entity14707 ( @entity14707 ). The secretion was absent in @entity14707 (-/-) @entity19 , and it was blocked when @entity2865 was depleted from the perfusate of @entity164 @entity19 , providing the first evidence that @entity14707 -dependent @entity2865 secretion causes AWL formation. Injected microparticles demonstrated flow of the AWL. The flow was blocked by @entity14707 inhibition and was absent in @entity14707 (-/-) @entity19 . We conclude that @entity14707 -dependent liquid secretion is present in alveoli of the adult @entity19 . @entity133 might impair alveolar immune defense and promote @entity66 .

title: XXXX -dependent secretion of alveolar wall liquid determined by optical-sectioning microscopy.

entities_list: @entity14707 :: ('12638(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator', 'CFTR', 'Cftr']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar disease']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Defective alveolar secretion']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['Chloride']


abstract: Introduction. Studied @entity1 with @entity5 do not represent normal daily presentation. Aim. A retrospective study was done in all consecutive @entity1 in order to describe presentation, treatment, and survival. @entity1 . All @entity1 in a ten-year period were included. @entity1 were grouped in three groups. Group 1: no @entity3 and potentially curable, dead, or alive at time of evaluation. Group 2: @entity1 presenting with @entity3 and treated with palliative chemotherapy, and group 3: @entity1 with or without @entity3 but untreatable because of low Karnofsky index or important comorbidity rendering treatment not feasible. Results. One hundred thirty one evaluable @entity1 were included. There was no difference in histological type of the @entity5 . @entity1 in group 3 were significantly older. Survival was not different between groups 2 and 3. Survival in group 1 was significantly longer (P < 0.0001) compared with groups 2 and 3. @entity1 in group 1 received treatment with chemoradiation and surgery. @entity1 in groups 2 and 3 were more often treated with palliative chemotherapy and endoscopic stenting. Conclusion. The overall survival of @entity5 in normal daily life is poor. Supportive care seems to be the best treatment option in @entity1 with @entity3 or low Karnofsky index. Palliative chemotherapy does not add to overall survival.

title: Experience with XXXX : a ten-year single centre study reflecting daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few @entity5 physicians routinely provide bereavement follow-up in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of impaired mental health among the bereaved spouses over several years and explore the indicators for early detection of high-risk spouses during end-of life (EOL) care. METHODS: A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted for the bereaved spouses of @entity1 who had died at the National @entity5 Center Hospital of Japan. Bereaved spouses with potential @entity146 were identified by the cut-off score of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Associated factors of potential @entity146 were explored by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 821 spouses experiencing bereavement from 7 months to 7 years returned the questionnaires. Overall mean prevalence of potential @entity146 was 44% (360/821). Bereaved spouses 'under 55 years' (71%) or '2 years after bereavement' (59%) revealed a significantly higher prevalence (p < 0.01). Associated factors during EOL care were several characteristics such as 'spouses' history of @entity146 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.19), ' @entity1 ' with @entity5 (OR = 1.87), and ' @entity1 ' using @entity146 consultation services (OR = 1.52) as well as spouses' dissatisfaction with EOL care such as 'physicians' treatment of physical symptoms' (OR = 3.44) and 'time spent communicating with @entity1 ' (OR = 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half the bereaved spouses showed potential @entity146 even 7 years after bereavement. @entity1 ' @entity458 , spouses' history of @entity146 , and dissatisfaction with EOL care were indicators of high-risk spouses.

title: Impaired mental health among the bereaved spouses of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lower-extremity amputation (LEA) is a common complication among @entity1 with @entity6 . This study tests the effects of a structured disease management program for the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) aiming to reduce the number of LEA. DESIGN, METHODS: In a prospective study design we investigate @entity1 with @entity6 in a system of outpatient treatment, acute in- @entity1 care and rehabilitative treatment. Subjects were recruited since January 1(st), 2000, with the latest admission being December 31, 2004. All study @entity1 undergo a five-year follow-up observation period. The University of Texas Wound Classification System (UT) of foot @entity1066 serves as basis of the documentation and analysis. We evaluated numbers of LEA, rates of @entity1066 and underlying forms of @entity1095 . RESULTS: We report the results of the first @entity1 group completing the two-year follow-up examination. In 2000, 102 subjects with new foot @entity1066 were consecutively included into the study. 68.6% were @entity1 , the mean age of the study population was 68.1 +/- 11.4 years and the mean @entity6 duration was 19.4 +/- 10.3 years. After two years, 68 @entity1 can still be examined. Altogether, 22 @entity1 (21.6%) died, and 12 (11.8%) dropped out for various reasons. At the point of discharge from the clinics 35.3% of the @entity1066 had healed and another 44.1% were in UT grade 1. After two years, a complete healing could still be determined with 51 @entity1 (50.0% of the cohort of the original 102 @entity1 , or 75.0% of the subjects reaching the two-year follow-up). 10 subjects (9.8% or 14.5%) were in the UT grade 1. Eight diabetics underwent major amputation (MA) during the two-year examination period (amputation rate 7.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The primary objective of the study, a significant reduction of MA with @entity6 @entity1 , has been achieved. The @entity1066 rates are comparable to the reports of leading centers.

title: [Limb salvage for the XXXX - disease management program].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DF', 'diabetic foot']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: The @entity187 heat-shock proteins are molecular chaperones that assist other proteins in their folding, transport and assembly into complexes. Most of these proteins are either constitutively expressed or their expression is induced by @entity1457 and other stresses. However, two members of the @entity187 family ( @entity37506 and @entity37507 in @entity19 ) are regulated developmentally and expressed specifically in spermatogenic cells. The @entity37506 protein is synthesized during the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis and is abundant in pachytene spermatocytes. The knockout approach was used to determine whether @entity37506 is a chaperone for proteins involved in meiosis. Male @entity19 lacking @entity37506 were @entity249 while females lacking @entity37506 were fertile. Spermatogenic cell development was arrested in prophase of meiosis I at the G2-M-phase transition and late pachytene spermatocytes were eliminated by apoptosis, resulting in an absence of spermatids. @entity37506 is required for @entity16602 to form a heterodimer with @entity1895 , suggesting that it is a chaperone necessary for the progression of meiosis in the germ cells of male @entity19 . @entity37506 is also associated with the synaptonemal complex and desynapsis is disrupted in male @entity19 lacking this protein. Homologues of @entity37506 are present in the testes of many animals, suggesting that the role of this spermatogenic cell chaperone is conserved across phyla.

title: Role of XXXX protein @entity187 -2 in spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between home dampness and @entity1576 among adults is well confirmed, but data on specific @entity56 and @entity1729 is more limited. Individual factors that may enhance susceptibility to the effects of home dampness are mainly unknown. METHODS: The association between home dampness and current physician diagnosed @entity565 , @entity2023 , @entity56 , @entity483 , common colds, and bacterial @entity1729 was studied in a questionnaire survey of 10 667 Finnish first year university students aged 18-25 years. The dampness categories analysed were visible mould and visible mould or damp stains or water damage during the last year. In multivariate analyses adjustment was made for parental education, active and passive smoking, type and place of residence, pets, and wall to wall carpets. The interaction effect of @entity1097 was investigated. RESULTS: Visible mould or damp stains or water damage was reported by 15.0% of the respondents. In multivariate models there was a positive association between home dampness and current @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity483 , as well as common colds > or =4 times per year and other @entity1729 , but not between home dampness and @entity56 . The strongest association was found between exposure to visible mould and @entity565 (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.28) and common colds (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.87). The risk of current @entity565 in damp homes was highest among subjects with @entity1097 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of current @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity483 was higher in damp homes. Of the @entity1729 , the risk of common colds was most clearly increased.

title: Home dampness, current @entity56 , and XXXX among young adults.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic heredity', 'atopic heredity and dampness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: Objectives. The aims of this study were (i) to compare Quality of Life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) type I to those with @entity161 during a one-year period after hospitalization and (ii) to assess the association of different domains of QOL with severity of clinical symptoms and level of functioning in bipolar @entity1 group. Method. A hundred and two @entity1 were consecutively recruited before discharge from an acute hospitalization. To measure QOL as the main outcome variable, the Farsi (Persian) version of the World Health Organization's QOL Instrument Short Version (WHOQOL BREF) was used. Affective symptoms, overall functioning, and severity of @entity1032 were assessed as well. The assessment procedure was repeated four, eight, and 12 months after discharge. Results. No significant differences were found between @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity161 on four domains of WHOQOL BREF at the baseline and the four, eight, and 12 month assessments. Within the subjects with @entity162 , the most stable finding was negative association of @entity308 severity with WHOQOL-BREF on the all four domains during repeated assessments. Conclusion. The findings suggest that persistent @entity308 symptoms might be the primary determinant of impaired QOL in @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Quality of life in XXXX in a one-year followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar type I disorder']


abstract: Release of @entity934 from parasympathetic nerves in the airways activates postjunctional muscarinic receptors present on smooth muscle, @entity10700 and blood vessels. This triggers bronchoconstriction, muscle @entity1184 , mucus secretion, and vasodilatation, respectively. The release of @entity934 from parasympathetic nerves in lungs is induced by a variety of stimuli and downregulated by the inhibitory activity of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors via a feedback mechanism. Increased parasympathetic nerve activity occurs in a variety of @entity1030 in childhood, including viral-induced wheeze and @entity565 . Common to these conditions are reversible @entity1224 , mucus hypersecretion, vasodilation and enhanced vascular permeability. In animal models of @entity1224 similar findings of increased @entity934 release resulting in enhanced supply of this neurotransmitter to the postjunctional smooth muscles, @entity10700 and airway vessels, were demonstrated. While the number and function of postjunctional muscarinic receptors in the airways are unchanged in such airway disorders, inhibitory activity on the parasympathetic nerves appears to be impaired. Specifically, M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction has been demonstrated in models of @entity6587 induced by a variety of triggers, including viruses, atmospheric pollutants and allergens. The mechanisms leading to @entity528 muscarinic receptor function and their putative relevance to the pathogenesis and the treatment of @entity1030 in childhood are described. Finally, the available data on the activity of @entity13265 , a short-acting anticholinergic drug, in the most common pediatric @entity1030 are reported and the possible therapeutic efficacy of @entity5489 , a more recently introduced long-acting, selective anticholinergic compound, is discussed.

title: Treatment of disorders characterized by reversible XXXX in childhood: are anti-cholinergic agents the answer?

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases', 'airway disease']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal glands']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of neuronal M2']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction', 'airway hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the prognostic value of SLNB in @entity1 with thick @entity320 in terms of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: 136 @entity1 with @entity5 (Breslow thickness >=  4.0 mm) underwent SLNB. @entity1349 and @entity1349 were calculated and a multivariate Cox regression model used to determine the important prognostic factors for predicting @entity1349 and @entity1349 . RESULTS: Median Breslow thickness was 5.5 mm and 60% were ulcerated. Median follow up was 4 years (95% CI = 4-5) with 54 @entity1 having died at the time of analysis. 5-year @entity1349 for SLNB positive @entity1 was 32%, compared to 78% for negative @entity1 . The significant predictors of poorer @entity1349 were increasing age (p = 0.03), increasing Breslow thickness (p = 0.03) and SLNB positivity (p < 0.0001). 5 year @entity1349 was significantly worse in the SLNB positive population compared to the negative @entity1 (p < 0.0001); 27% versus 66% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a thick @entity320 and a positive SLNB have a significantly worse @entity1349 and @entity1349 compared to those with a negative SLNB. Over three-quarters of @entity1 with a negative SLNB survived five years. These findings have implications for the subpopulations included in adjuvant therapy trials and we advocate SLNB be recommended in @entity1 with thick @entity320 .

title: Sentinel node status predicts survival in thick XXXX : the Oxford perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, it was shown that growth of evaginated metacestodes occurs in the germinative tissue of the neck by duplication of somatic stem cells. In these specimens, it was not possible to find the mitotic figures required to demonstrate duplication of germ cell lines. METHODS: @entity8785 strobilae were collected from the intestinal lumen of outbred hamsters infected orally with 10 metacestodes dissected from naturally infected @entity1707 . Animals were anesthetized 1-10 days postinfection, the small intestine excised, submerged in PBS, and cut open longitudinally. Live Taenias were incubated for 6-8 h in medium containing @entity3812 or @entity665 , washed, and embedded for electron microscopy. For light microscopy and autoradiography, longitudinal sections were cut from whole blocks and mounted on glass slides. A population of large cells without nuclear membranes and containing discrete aggregates of chromatin were observed apposed to myofibrils in the germinative tissue of the neck. These cells were confirmed by electron microscopy as metaphase mitotic figures, with chromosomes attached to a microtubular spindle, embedded in cytoplasm, without a nuclear membrane, and with characteristic centrioles. RESULTS: Only tapeworms in which @entity665 was injected directly into the worm tissue by microsyringe were positive by autoradiography, demonstrating that in contrast to evaginated metacestodes, intestinal worms do not transport @entity1014 across the tegument. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that differentiating @entity8785 worms have a subset of stem cells that require passage through a @entity1 host to go into mitosis, and that tapeworms grown in an experimental animal do not take up @entity665 in vitro.

title: XXXX : germinal cell precursors in tapeworms grown in hamster intestine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'T. solium']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity8785 :: (6204,Species) :: ['Taenia solium']


abstract: AIM: The objectives were to determine the prevalence and outcome of @entity101 , significant microerythrocyturia and @entity644 among @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) due to Burkitt-type @entity1893 (BNHL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of @entity1 with BNHL/ @entity810 was undertaken. RESULTS: Nine of 23 (39.13%) BHNL/ @entity810 @entity1 aged 5-14 years were found to have significant microerythrocyturia and @entity644 as urinary markers of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Eight of nine were @entity101 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in three, and @entity712 ( @entity5149 )/ @entity4 in six. Three of nine @entity1 (33.3%) died from these complications; two from @entity5149 and one from a combination of @entity5149 and @entity101 . A fourth @entity204 was due to uraemia. Treatments with cytotoxic drugs and anti- @entity5 lysis syndrome therapy resulted in normotension, improved clinical outcome and normalisation of laboratory features of @entity810 and @entity631 in all five (55.6%) survivors. CONCLUSION: We conclude that all the @entity1 with BNHL/ @entity810 had enlarged kidneys and evidence of @entity8 . The mechanism of the @entity8 is unclear. It is associated with a high mortality rate.

title: @entity101 , erythrocyturia and XXXX in @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive encephalopathy', 'HTE', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of posterior sub-Tenon capsule (PST) injection of @entity2995 (TA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in the @entity1 eye. METHODS: The study included 115 @entity1 who received PST injections of 40-mg TA to treat @entity1103 with @entity6 (n=57), @entity2994 (n=35), central @entity2994 (n=13), or other disorders (n=10). IOP measurements were performed on the day of injection, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later. RESULTS: In 26 (22.6%) of the 115 eyes, an IOP of 24 mm Hg or higher was observed during the 12-month follow-up period after PST TA injection. IOP elevation significantly correlated with young age, but not with past history of @entity6 or systemic @entity101 , sex, or type of @entity989 with @entity1103 . In total, 23 eyes were treated with antiglaucoma medications to control elevated IOP (24 mm Hg or higher). External trabeculotomy was performed in 1 case where medications failed to correct elevated IOP. CONCLUSIONS: PST TA injection is associated with high rates of @entity134 -induced IOP elevation in eyes with previously normal IOP. However, IOP elevation may be less common after PST injection than after intravitreal injection. Our findings indicate that IOP must be carefully monitored after PST TA injection.

title: Frequency and risk factors for intraocular pressure elevation after posterior sub-Tenon capsule XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exogenous @entity1 albumin has been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental @entity385 and it is currently investigated in clinical trials. However, the role of endogenous expression of albumin and its transcriptional regulation in the @entity63 brain is not known. We have previously reported the upregulation of de novo synthesis of albumin in the @entity63 @entity35 brain (at 0 and 22 hours of reperfusion after 2 hours of @entity63 ). In this study, we analyzed the role of transcription factors in albumin expression in @entity63 @entity35 brain. METHODS: The putative transcription factor binding sites for the albumin promoter was analyzed using transcription factor search computational tool and validated in @entity35 middle cerebral @entity432 model of transient @entity2806 . RESULTS: Computational analysis predicted approximately 20 transcription factor binding sites including hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha ( @entity31055 ). We found for the first time mRNA and protein expression of @entity31055 in the control and @entity63 @entity35 brain. There was no significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of @entity31055 between control and @entity63 (0, 2 and 22 hours of reperfusion) group but there was increased interaction of @entity31055 with p300 (known interacting partner for @entity31055 , a histone @entity16374 -transferase) in 0- and 22-hour reperfusion groups. Also albumin promoter binding activity of @entity31055 in @entity63 animals of 0- and 22-hour reperfusion groups significantly increased compared to respective control group animals. DISCUSSION: Although, @entity31055 is mainly expressed in the @entity35 liver and involved in hepatic expression of albumin, our study conclusively shows for the first time de novo synthesis of @entity31055 in @entity35 brain. Moreover, an increased interaction of @entity31055 with p300 and albumin promoter seems to be responsible for overexpression of albumin in @entity63 conditions.

title: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha mediated upregulation of albumin expression in focal @entity63 XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1810 , and its type 1 ( @entity20033 ) receptor, are critical to the pathogenesis of @entity82 . In toxicologic studies of 4 or more days in 10-week-old @entity35 , using an @entity20033 inhibitor ( @entity37602 ), expansion of @entity1184 and proliferation zones of femoral physes were noted. Subphyseal @entity4916 , chondrocyte @entity1184 / @entity1373 , and increased matrix were present. Physeal zones were laser microdissected from @entity20033 inhibitor-treated and control @entity35 sacrificed after 3 days of treatment. Transcripts for @entity1810 , @entity4579 , @entity20033 , @entity12107 , @entity6667 , @entity21405 , @entity2135 , @entity664 , and @entity11184 were amplified by real-time PCR. IGF and @entity12107 increased in all physis zones with treatment, but were most prominent in prehypertrophic zones. @entity4579 , @entity664 and @entity21405 expression increased in proliferative, pre-and @entity1184 zones. @entity11184 expression was elevated in proliferative zones but decreased in @entity1184 zones. @entity6667 expression was increased after treatment in pre- and @entity1184 zones. @entity20033 expression was elevated in prehypertrophic zones. Zymography demonstrated gelatinolytic activity was reduced after treatment. Apoptotic markers (TUNEL and @entity4124 ) were decreased in @entity1184 zones. Proliferation assessed by Topoisomerase II and Ki67 was increased in multiple zones. Movat stains demonstrated that proteoglycan deposition was altered. Physeal changes occurred at doses well above those resulting in @entity82 . Interactions of factors is important in producing the @entity1141 phenotype.

title: Inhibition of @entity20033 signaling induces XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['physeal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['physeal dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between circulating plasma copeptin values and @entity1188 size as well as myocardial function at baseline and 4 months after mechanical reperfusion for ST @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: University Hospital of Innsbruck. @entity1 : 54 @entity1 with @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of plasma copeptin with @entity1188 size as well as @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and remodelling. METHODS: @entity1 underwent contrast enhanced cardiac MRI at baseline and 4 months thereafter. Blood samples were drawn 2 days after the onset of symptoms. Copeptin values were determined by an immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: Copeptin concentrations (median 10.4 pmol/l, IQR 6.0-14.4) were associated with early and chronic @entity1188 size (r=0.388, p=0.004 at baseline; r=0.385, p=0.011 at follow-up) and inversely related to @entity1002 at both times (r=-0.484, p<0.001 at baseline; r=-0.461, p<0.001 at follow-up). @entity1 with adverse remodelling showed higher baseline copeptin values compared to @entity1 without remodelling (p=0.02). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated a cut-off value of 16.7 pmol/l for copeptin to best identify @entity1 with future adverse remodelling. CONCLUSIONS: Increased copeptin values 2 days after @entity583 are associated with larger acute and chronic @entity1188 sizes. Moreover, elevated copeptin concentrations at baseline were associated with myocardial function and remodelling 4 months post- @entity583 . These findings strengthen the role of copeptin as a biomarker of adverse outcome after @entity583 .

title: Association of copeptin with XXXX size and myocardial function after ST @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute STEMI', 'segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: The diagnostic accuracy of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for Strongyloides stercoralis at different serum antibody titers was evaluated. To assess diagnostic sensitivity, sera from 156 @entity1 with known @entity13739 were collected. Negative control sera were obtained from a composite group of 427 subjects (blood donors and hospitalized @entity1 ). With an area under the receiver-operating characteristic plot of 0.98, the IFAT showed a high level of diagnostic accuracy for @entity13739 . An antibody titer of > or = 1:20, with 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity, was identified as the diagnostic threshold with the best overall performance. Cross-reactions were evaluated with 41 additional samples from @entity1 with other @entity281 , and the IFAT detected low-titer positivity in only one subject with @entity6565 . A positive IFAT result at an antibody dilution of > or = 1:80 was virtually 100% specific, with 71% sensitivity. To test the usefulness of the IFAT as a monitoring tool, the changes in specific-antibody titers after treatment in a group of 155 @entity1 were evaluated. Seroreversion or a decrease in antibody titer of twofold or more was observed in 60% of the @entity1 . Response to treatment was directly correlated to the initial antibody titer, and a baseline titer of > or = 1:80 was identified as the best predictor of response. In conclusion, a positive IFAT result at an antibody dilution of >/=1:20 is the optimal cutoff for screening. A titer of > or = 1:80, with virtually no false-positive result, is a reliable cutoff for a serological assessment of treatment efficacy and for inclusion in clinical trials.

title: Evaluation of an indirect immunofluorescence assay for XXXX as a tool for diagnosis and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['known helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['strongyloidiasis']

answer: @entity13739 :: (MESH:D013322,Disease) :: ['strongyloidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21422 ( @entity21422 ) stain @entity4545 ( @entity4545 )+ without causing @entity4923 . @entity21422 are reportedly more @entity146 , but information comes from small series. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity21422 behave more aggressively than @entity652 ( @entity652 ), and characterize SCA @entity4545 production alterations. METHODS: @entity21422 (n = 75) and @entity652 (n = 1726) diagnosed at our institution from 1990 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. RT-PCR was used to compare expression of @entity4545 -producing factors. RESULTS: SCA @entity1 exhibited comparable sex and age as @entity11438 @entity1 (P = .7-.9). @entity21422 exhibited comparable size as @entity652 (2.2 vs 2.0 cm, P = .2), with cavernous sinus invasion in 30% of @entity21422 vs 18% of @entity652 (P = .03). SCA @entity1 had higher mean preoperative serum @entity4545 (46 vs 19 ng/L; P = .005; normal = 5-27 ng/L), but comparable serum @entity701 (13 vs 12  g/dL; normal = 4-22  g/dL; P < .05) as @entity11438 @entity1 . @entity21422 were gross totally resected 59% of the time, vs 53% for @entity652 (P = .8). Kaplan-Meier 3-year progression/recurrence rates were 34% for strongly @entity4545 -positive Type I @entity21422 , 10% for weakly @entity4545 -positive @entity21422 , and 6% for @entity652 (P < .001 SCA vs @entity11438 ; P < .001 Type I vs @entity11438 ; and P = .08 @entity11438 ). Expression of @entity4545 precursor @entity4545 was 900-fold elevated in @entity21422 and 1300-fold elevated in @entity652 ( @entity652 ) vs @entity652 (P < .001). Transcription of @entity11620 , which cleaves @entity4545 into @entity4545 , was 30-fold higher in @entity652 than @entity21422 (P = .02). CONCLUSION: In the largest series to date, @entity21422 exhibited comparable size, but increased cavernous sinus invasion and progression/recurrence vs @entity652 . @entity21422 exhibit deficient @entity4545 to @entity4545 conversion. Close follow-up is warranted for @entity21422 .

title: A comprehensive long-term retrospective analysis of silent corticotrophic XXXX vs @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['pro-opiomelanocortin', 'ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity21422 :: ('MESH:D049913', 'Disease') :: ['Type II SCAs', 'SCAs', 'Silent corticotrophic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['HNA', 'Type II vs HNA']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-negative adenomas', 'CDCAs', 'HNAs', 'Cushing disease-causing adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: To investigate the role of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on prevalence and progression of disease in @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ), we determined the @entity1289 I/D genotype in 95 @entity1 with @entity177 due to @entity8 ( @entity9680 , @entity3551 , reflux @entity8 ; n = 59), other congenital or @entity74 (n = 23), or acquired @entity8 (n = 13), who had been followed prospectively over a 2-year period. @entity177 progression rate was followed in each individual by linear regression analysis of estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) obtained every 2 months. Actuarial renal 'survival' analysis was performed, using a GFR loss of 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 as a cutoff point. The distribution of the @entity1289 genotype did not differ among the disease groups. There was also no difference in @entity1289 genotype distribution between the @entity1 and a control group of healthy Caucasian @entity1 (n = 163). Among the @entity1 with @entity8 , the 2-year renal survival was significantly lower in those with the @entity336 genotype (61%) than in @entity1 with @entity25878 or II genotype (89%, P < 0.01). In the other disease groups, the @entity1289 I/D genotype was not predictive of @entity177 progression. In a multivariate analysis of risk factors, the adverse effect of the @entity336 genotype (risk ratio 10.2, P < 0.05) was independent of and additive to those of arterial @entity101 (RR 13.2, P < 0.001) and gross @entity644 (RR 4.7, P < 0.05). We conclude that the @entity1289 @entity336 genotype is a significant risk factor for @entity1 with @entity8 to develop progressive @entity177 . The effect of the @entity1289 polymorphism in this @entity1 group is independent of @entity101 and @entity644 .

title: Impact of @entity1289 I/D gene polymorphism on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'congenital renal malformations', 'renal malformations', 'glomerular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-/dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diseases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['congenital renal malformations']


abstract: Decreased ability to accomplish significant leisure activities often occurs in early stages of @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT). As a long term effect, it may eventually affect the quality of life of the @entity1 as well as that of the caregiver's. In a previous study, a @entity1 with early DAT (77 years old, MMSE: 24/30) improved her participation in 2 leisure activities (listening to music and praying in a group) following the learning of a few tasks (e.g. using a radio cassette, remembering the significance of an pre-programmed ring) as a result of a cognitive intervention. The present study presents the long term effect of this intervention on the retention of the learned tasks and on spontaneous participation in both leisure activities of her daily living. Measures of tasks' learning and spontaneous participation in activities have been obtained through direct observation (ex: ability to use the tasks learned without assistance) and telephone conversations with the caregiver. The measures were taken 9 to 15 months post-intervention. Nine months after the end of the intervention, the @entity1 could no longer use the radio cassette, but was able to remember the significance of the pre-programmed ring. Similarly, she stopped listening to music, but still attended her prayer group. The intervention appears to maintain participation in a leisure activity for several months in a @entity1 with early DAT, in spite of expected functional decline. This functional impact can be achieved through retention of specific learned tasks as well as by strong external cues (daily pre-programmed ring), and can increase the quality of life for @entity1 with DAT.

title: [Long-term effect of a cognitive intervention on learning and participation in a significant leisure activity in early XXXX of @entity195 : a case study].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism and the clinical significance of transient @entity713 ( @entity713 ) during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). BACKGROUND: Transient @entity713 occurs rarely during DSE; however, the mechanisms responsible for blocks are unclear. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical, echocardiographic, catheterization, revascularization and head-up tilting test data was conducted in @entity1 who developed transient @entity713 during DSE. RESULTS: A total of 302 @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) underwent DSE before coronary angiography between November 1997 and August 1998. Transient @entity713 developed in 12 @entity1 during the test. Mobitz I block was noted in six @entity1 and @entity616 in the other six @entity1 . Nine of these 12 @entity1 were subsequently shown to have @entity453 and three had no significant @entity3979 . @entity616 was observed only in @entity1 with @entity453 , while Mobitz I block occurred in three @entity1 with and three @entity1 without @entity453 (p < 0.05). Eight of the nine @entity1 with @entity453 underwent a successful coronary angioplasty with or without stenting and a repeat DSE revealed no recurrence of @entity616 except in one @entity1 . Head-up tilting test in the 12 @entity1 revealed a positive response in three of the nine @entity1 with and all three @entity1 without @entity453 . A negative head-up tilting test was likely to be observed in @entity1 with, as compared with those without, @entity453 in this study population (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transient @entity713 is not an infrequent manifestation during DSE. Both @entity741 and neurally mediated vagal reflex may be responsible for this phenomenon. The development of @entity616 during DSE is indicative of the presence of @entity453 . A successful revascularization in @entity1 with @entity453 who develop transient @entity713 may abolish this phenomenon.

title: Mechanisms and clinical significance of transient XXXX during @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'AVB']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block', 'Mobitz II block']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: This report is concerned with results of surgical treatment for @entity1614 combined with annulo-aortic ectasia (AAE) and @entity339 ( @entity339 ). Of the 23 @entity1 with @entity1614 who received Bentall's procedure during 14 year period, seven (30%) of these @entity1 had both AAE and @entity339 . The @entity339 grade of seven @entity1 by cardiac Doppler or left ventriculographic studies were grade 1 in 2, 2 in 1, 3 in 1, and 4 in 3. @entity955 was present in 4 @entity1 . New York Heart Association Functional Class on admission in these 7 @entity1 were II in 1, III in 4, and IV in 2. The mitral valve was replaced with mechanical valve in 4 @entity1 by left atrial approach whose @entity339 grade were over 3. In the 4 @entity1 the mitral annuli were extremely dilated, both valve leaflets were massively redundant, and all chordae were elongated and turned chordae and vegetation were detected due to @entity884 . Only Bentall's procedure was performed in 3 @entity1 whose @entity339 were minimal. There were no early death, but two late deaths. One of them died of @entity712 2.3 years after Bentall's procedure because grade 2 @entity339 was increased. Another one died from @entity943 .6 years after MVR and Bentall's procedure. The remaining 5 @entity1 are doing well for 3 months to 11.5 years after operation. For @entity1614 combined with AAE and @entity339 , early operation is recommended before left ventricular impairment. Mitral valve repair was not performed, both to save time and because anticoagulant therapy was need for aortic valve replacement. Concomitant MVR was to be done for moderate to severe @entity339 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with annulo aortic ectasia and @entity339 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia 1']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15505 ( @entity15505 ) converts @entity2178 ( @entity3658 -8) to angiotensin 1-7 ( @entity3658 -7), a functional antagonist of @entity3658 -8, with vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In conditions with an unbalanced renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system with elevated @entity3658 -8, administration of @entity15505 has shown promising effects in a variety of animal models. Enhancing @entity15505 activity by exogenous administration of @entity15505 might also be beneficial in @entity1 diseases with pathologically elevated @entity3658 -8. As a first step we performed a first-in- @entity1 study to determine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of recombinant @entity15505 in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity15505 (rhACE2) was administered intravenously to healthy @entity1 subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, dose-escalation study followed by an open-label multiple-dose study. @entity15505 concentrations were determined by quantifying @entity15505 activity and @entity15505 content in plasma samples. Concentrations of the angiotensin system effector peptides @entity3658 -8, @entity3658 -7, and @entity3658 -5 were determined using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS: Single rhACE2 doses of 100-1,200   g/kg caused a dose-dependent increase of systemic exposure with biphasic elimination and a dose-independent terminal half-life of 10  h. In all single-dose cohorts, @entity3658 -8 decreased within 30  min postinfusion, angiotensin 1-7 ( @entity3658 -7) either increased (100 and 200   g/kg doses), decreased, or remained unchanged (400-1,200   g/kg doses), whereas angiotensin 1-5 ( @entity3658 -5) transiently increased for all doses investigated. With the exception of the lowest rhACE2 dose, the decrease in @entity3658 -8 levels lasted for at least 24  h. Repeated dosing (400   g/kg for 3 or 6  days) caused only minimal accumulation of @entity15505 , and @entity3658 -8 levels were suppressed over the whole application period. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of rhACE2 was well tolerated by healthy @entity1 subjects. Exposure was dose dependent with a dose-independent terminal elimination half-life in the range of 10  h. Despite marked changes in angiotensin system peptide concentrations, cardiovascular effects were absent, suggesting the presence of effective compensatory mechanisms in healthy volunteers.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant @entity1 XXXX in healthy @entity1 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity15505 :: ('59272', 'Gene') :: ['ACE2', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2']

answer: @entity15505 :: (59272,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is an important component of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) disability. A complex biological interplay between white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) disease likely sustains @entity73 . This study aims to address this issue by exploring the association between the extent of normal WM and @entity62 and @entity73 . METHODS: Cognitive function of 24 @entity15 @entity1 and 24 healthy volunteers (HVs) was studied using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery. WM focal lesions and normal appearing WM (NAWM) volume in @entity1 , cortical thickness ( @entity25957 ) and deep GM structure volumes in both @entity1 and HVs were measured by high field strength (3.0-Tesla; 3T) imaging. RESULTS: An analysis of covariance showed that @entity1 performed worse than HVs on Code Substitution Delayed Memory (P = .04) and Procedural Reaction Time (P = .05) indicative of reduced performance in memory, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed. A summary score (Index of Cognitive Efficiency) indicating global test battery performance was also lower for the @entity1 group (P = .04). Significant associations, as determined by the Spearman rank correlation tests, were noted between each of these 3 cognitive scores and measures of NAWM volume [CDD- @entity22154 (r = .609; P = .0035), PRO- @entity22154 (r = .456; P = .029) and ICE (r = .489; P = .0129)], @entity25957 (r = .5; P  <= .05) and volume of subcortical normal appearing GM (NAGM) structures (r = .4; P <= .04), but not WM lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Both NAWM and NAGM volumes are related to @entity73 in @entity15 . The results highlight once again the urgent need to develop pharmacological strategies protecting @entity1 from widespread neurodegeneration as possible preventive strategies of @entity73 development.

title: @entity73 and its relation to imaging measures in XXXX : a study using a computerized battery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GM disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study sought to assess the prognostic value of the kinetics of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 (CRP) and clinical scores (clinical @entity358 score (CPIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)) in the outcome of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) at an early time point, when adequacy of antimicrobial treatment is evaluated. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital. The subjects were 75 @entity1 consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit from October 2003 to August 2005 who developed @entity2489 . @entity1 were followed for 28 days after the diagnosis, when they were considered survivors. @entity1 who died before the 28th day were non-survivors. There were no interventions. RESULTS: PCT, CRP and SOFA score were determined on day 0 and day 4. Variables included in the univariable logistic regression model for survival were age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, decreasing DeltaSOFA, decreasing DeltaPCT and decreasing DeltaCRP. Survival was directly related to decreasing DeltaPCT with odds ratio (OR) = 5.67 (95% confidence interval 1.78 to 18.03), decreasing DeltaCRP with OR = 3.78 (1.24 to 11.50), decreasing DeltaSOFA with OR = 3.08 (1.02 to 9.26) and APACHE II score with OR = 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99). In a multivariable logistic regression model for survival, only decreasing DeltaPCT with OR = 4.43 (1.08 to 18.18) and decreasing DeltaCRP with OR = 7.40 (1.58 to 34.73) remained significant. Decreasing DeltaCPIS was not related to survival (p = 0.59). There was a trend to correlate adequacy to survival. Fifty percent of the 20 @entity1 treated with inadequate antibiotics and 65.5% of the 55 @entity1 on adequate antibiotics survived (p = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Measurement of PCT and CRP at onset and on the fourth day of treatment can predict survival of @entity2489 @entity1 . A decrease in either one of these marker values predicts survival.

title: Decreases in @entity1904 and XXXX are strong predictors of survival in @entity2489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate vestibular abnormalities in subjects with @entity10244 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective record review. SETTING: Tertiary referral neurotology clinic. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two adult white subjects with clinical diagnosis of @entity10244 (10 type I and 12 type II). INTERVENTIONS: Evaluation for @entity10244 phenotype, history of vestibular and auditory symptoms, tests of vestibular and auditory function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of phenotyping, results of vestibular and auditory symptom review (history), results of vestibular and auditory function testing. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects were @entity1 , and 5 were @entity1 . Their ages ranged from 21 to 58 years (mean, 38 years). Sixteen of the 22 subjects sought treatment for vertigo, @entity1296 , or imbalance. For subjects with @entity4237 , the results of vestibuloocular tests (calorics, vestibular autorotation, and/or @entity717 ) were abnormal in 77%, and the results of vestibulospinal function tests (computerized dynamic posturography, EquiTest) were abnormal in 57%, but there were no specific patterns of abnormality. Six had objective @entity1274 . Thirteen had an elevated summating/action potential (>0.40) on electrocochleography. All subjects except those with severe @entity393 (n = 3) had normal auditory brainstem response results. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity10244 may experience primarily @entity4237 without @entity393 . Electrocochleography and vestibular function tests appear to be the most sensitive measures of @entity2169 in such @entity1 .

title: A vestibular phenotype for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['otologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg', 'Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['pseudorandom rotation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity10244 :: (MESH:D014849,Disease) :: ['Waardenburg syndrome']


abstract: The lack of classical @entity1 histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules in @entity1 placenta prevents the recognition and lysis by maternal T lymphocytes but poses the problem of susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. The nonclassical HLA class I molecule @entity6393 may mediate protection from NK cells. NK cells are known to express a number of HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors. These include members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily ( @entity28383 , @entity19176 , @entity30026 ), characterized by a defined allele specificity, and @entity9706 / @entity9707 with a broad specificity for different HLA class I molecules. We analyzed a series of NK cell clones derived from normal peripheral blood expressing different @entity21319 ( @entity21319 ). Clones were analyzed for their cytolytic activity against the HLA class I-negative 221 cell line either untransfected or transfected with @entity6393 (221/G) or other informative alleles, as control. All clones expressing @entity9706 / @entity9707 [as identified by the Z199 monoclonal antibody (mAb)] displayed a markedly reduced cytolytic activity against 221/G. Moreover, mAb directed to the @entity9706 / @entity9707 complex completely restored target cell lysis. Among @entity9707 -negative NK clones, different functional patterns could be detected. Clones expressing inhibitory receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily lysed 221/G target cells with equal or higher efficiency than untransfected 221 cells. These data indicated that @entity28383 , @entity19176 and @entity30026 do not function as @entity6393 -specific inhibitory @entity21319 , and that @entity6393 -specific activating @entity21319 also exist. Further analysis indicated that in these clones (characterized by the @entity9706 +/ @entity9707 - phenotype) mAb specific for @entity9706 , but not for the other @entity21319 , reversed the activating effect. Infrequent clones were also isolated that, in spite of the lack of @entity9706 / @entity9707 , displayed @entity6393 specificity, thus suggesting the existence of a different, still unknown @entity21319 .

title: @entity6393 recognition by XXXX natural killer cells. Involvement of @entity9706 both as inhibitory and as activating receptor complex.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Beige @entity35 , a model animal of @entity13277 ( @entity13277 ), frequently developed the @entity272 consisting of crust formations and @entity1665 in the skin around the neck from about 4 months of age. Erosion and @entity1066 were also observed in advance of the @entity272 . In severe cases, the lesions spread to all of the dorsum of the trunk. Skin tissues with or without lesions were studied histopathologically in 41 beige @entity35 comparing with normal skin from 26 age-matched DA @entity35 . Microscopically, @entity75 consisted of spongiosis, pustules and erosions with crust. Inflammatory cells in pustules consisted predominantly of eosinophil, and colonization of gram-positive cocci was occasionally observed in the surface area. Mites on the epidermis were also seen in some cases. @entity75 were superficial perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrations of eosinophils, neutrophils and mastocytes, and @entity4 under the @entity75 . Follicles in the alopecic area showed resting stage and atrophic hair germ, but inflammatory changes were slight. Morphologic characters were very similar to those of chronic @entity1909 or @entity1909 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX in beige @entity35 ( @entity13277 of @entity35 ).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Dermal lesions', 'epidermal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity13277 :: ('MESH:D002609', 'Disease') :: ['Chediak-Higashi syndrome', 'CHS']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic dermatitis', 'spongiotic dermatitis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Passive restraint of the left ventricle (LV) has been shown to have beneficial effects on acute hemodynamics and reverse remodeling in both animal and @entity1 models. The goals of this study were to test whether a left ventricular support device (LVSD) improves LV synchrony and/or affects cardiac performance. METHODS: Ten @entity235 were chronically instrumented to measure hemodynamics and LV volume (sonomicrometry). @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was induced by repeated intracoronary microembolization via a chronically implanted coronary catheter. The LVSD was implanted after establishment of @entity712 in five animals, and five animals were observed as controls. All animals were then observed for 8 weeks. A mathematical model to measure LV synchrony was used to evaluate LV motion over time. RESULTS: Mean arterial pressure and LV pressures was significantly increased after LVSD therapy, and LV pressure-volume relationships were shifted leftwards, although no change was seen in ejection fraction, end-systolic elastance, or LV dP/dt versus control. There was no significant change in diastolic function in LVSD animals compared with control animals. End-diastolic volumes were reduced by 15% after 8 weeks with LVSD treatment, versus an increase of 8% in control animals (p<0.05). Synchrony was significantly improved with LVSD therapy compared with control (9% vs 76% of baseline) in 1 of 11 ventricular dimension axes (Anterior-Apex). CONCLUSIONS: LVSD therapy provided only minimal improvement in ventricular synchrony and partially improved hemodynamics. Further study into mechanisms of benefit are warranted.

title: Effect of passive cardiac containment on ventricular synchrony and cardiac function in awake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mode of action of interferon involves both direct cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on the @entity5 cell and indirect effects that facilitate immune detection by the host. Among the immunological effects of interferon-alpha is the activation of monocytes. As opsonin receptors are crucial in the function of phagocytes, e.g. monocytes and neutrophils, their modulation by interferon-alpha ( @entity13089 ) merit to be further clarified. We hypothesised that the role of phagocytes in defence against @entity5 is reflected in the expression of opsonin receptors for IgG and complement, which further could be modified by @entity13089 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The expression of the receptors for IgG and complement was studied in neutrophils and monocytes from blood samples of 18 @entity703 @entity1 treated with @entity13089 and from 39 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected prior/to and during treatment with @entity13089 , 4.5 to 13.5 MU t.d.w., subcutaneously. After lysing the red blood cells, the samples were incubated with fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific for IgG ( @entity44166 ) and complement ( @entity3432 , @entity9637 ) receptors and then analysed in flow cytometry. The results were given as the mean log fluorescence intensity (a measure of receptor number) and as the proportion of receptor-positive cells. In the in vitro experiments, the direct effect of interferon-alpha on the receptors of neutrophils and monocytes was studied. RESULTS: In @entity1 before any treatment, the expression of @entity9637 and @entity10685 receptors in neutrophils and all receptors except @entity4071 in monocytes was significantly raised when compared to the controls. Treatment with @entity13089 , induced statistically significant; transient changes in @entity3432 -receptor expression in neutrophils and @entity10685 expression in monocytes. Incubation of blood cells with @entity13089 in vitro confirmed the induction of @entity3432 receptors in neutrophils. CONCLUSION: Changes in receptor expression reflect the inflammatory activation of phagocytes in metastatic @entity703 . The pattern of receptor expression differs from that observed in @entity166 . Interferon-alpha both in vivo and in vitro modulates the expression of phagocytic receptors.

title: Modulation of IgG and complement receptor expression of phagocytes in XXXX @entity1 during treatment with interferon-alpha.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: An impairment of @entity701 synthesis can be assumed for the new antimycotic @entity2380 based on its chemical structure ( @entity10998 derivative) and mechanism of action (inhibition of @entity12364 synthesis). In healthy volunteers, however, no influence on @entity134 hormone production could be found. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether this is also true for critically ill, long-term @entity1 in an intensive care unit. The basal @entity701 and @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay in 11 @entity1 being treated with antimycotics at fixed times. Antimycotic treatment was carried out using either @entity2380 (n = 6) or a combination of @entity2379 and @entity4895 (n = 5) for 14 days. Seven days after cessation of the treatment the above-mentioned hormones were again determined. @entity1 with the same baseline criteria who did not require antimycotic treatment (n = 8) served as controls. During the entire study period adequate @entity701 synthesis was found after @entity4545 stimulation in all three @entity1 groups. They all presented with relatively raised basal @entity701 levels (range 16.4-31.0 micrograms dl-1) and an increase in @entity4545 -stimulated @entity701 synthesis from 31% (group ampho B/ @entity4895 ) to 78% (group @entity2380 ). The basal @entity4545 values were always within the normal range (9.2-16.4 pg ml-1). Neither the basal @entity4545 levels nor the basal @entity701 levels as well as the @entity701 levels determined after the @entity4545 test showed adrenocortical suppression in the @entity1 of all three groups. Thus, according to the present results clinically relevant impairment of @entity701 synthesis after treatment with @entity2380 can be excluded.

title: Function of the adrenal cortex during therapy with @entity2380 in intensive care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An antigenic protein in cystic fluid of @entity8785 metacestodes ( @entity1577 ) of 150 kDa was measured by antibody-sandwich ELISA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity6583 patients. Capture antibodies were rabbit antisera against @entity1577 (RACF) and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against 150 kDa protein in @entity1577 . Lower limit of antibody-sandwich ELISA was 8 ng/ml of the protein. Except @entity1577 , no tested helminths extracts reacted. Levels of the protein in 351 sera from 255 @entity1 (55 surgery confirmed and 202 antibody and CT/MRI confirmed) were below sensitivity of the assay. Of 276 CSF from 212 @entity1 , 31 samples (11.2%) showed positive findings. This assay, therefore, was not sensitive enough to be a diagnostic. Instead, the 150 kDa protein appeared in CSF in such situations as in 2 days after @entity2039 treatment, or as in a @entity1 infected with a racemose cysticercus with degenerated cyst wall. Of cases whose follow-up CSF were assayed, 2 cases showed that the protein appeared intermittently. These results suggest strongly that appearance of free 150 kDa protein is associated with cyst wall @entity397 . In CSF which contained the 150 kDa protein over 61 ng/ml, the protein was recognized in @entity214 -PAGE before and after immunoprecipitation.

title: Measurement of 150 kDa protein of @entity8785 metacestodes by antibody-sandwich ELISA in cerebrospinal fluid of @entity6583 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic approach and criteria for @entity4929 of breast. METHODS: According to the criteria of 2003 WHO classification, 187 cases of @entity4929 of breast were identified and enrolled into the study. The clinical and histologic features were reviewed and immunohistochemical study for @entity2282 , @entity4206 , @entity6881 , @entity4205 , @entity5822 , @entity36637 and @entity876 were carried out on 53 cases. RESULTS: Amongst the 187 cases studied, there were 128 cases of @entity15779 , 16 cases of atypical @entity15779 and 43 cases of @entity1377 . They showed a spectrum of morphologic features including epithelial and @entity1373 and secondary changes. The expression of myoepithelial markers, including @entity2282 and @entity4206 , significantly decreased in ascending order from @entity15779 , @entity15779 and @entity1377 (P < 0.001). The expression of basal cell markers, including @entity4205 and @entity6881 , showed a mosaic pattern in benign lesions and significantly decreased or was absent in atypical and @entity75 (P < 0.001). In contrast, the luminal cell marker @entity5822 expressed in the three groups with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.06). On the other hand, the expression of @entity36637 in @entity1377 was much lower than that in the other two groups (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007). The staining for @entity876 was negative in all of the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intraductal papillary neoplasms of breast represent a heterogeneous group of lesions with various morphologic appearances. Correlation with immunostaining results for myoepithelial markers, basal-type cytokeratins and luminal epithelial markers are helpful in arriving at a definitive diagnosis.

title: [Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 187 cases of XXXX of breast].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary carcinomas', 'intraductal papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms', 'intraductal papillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['stromal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15779 :: ('MESH:D018300', 'Disease') :: ['atypical intraductal papillomas', 'intraductal papillomas', 'intraductal papilloma']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to refine understanding of anatomical and functional alterations in eyes with Intermediate @entity1596 (IU), their natural history in mild cases not necessitating treatment and their response to treatment in severely affected eyes with @entity1103 . METHODS: 61 consecutive @entity1 with IU presenting over a 6-year period were prospectively recruited into the study. Two subgroups of @entity1 with IU were identified on the basis of the need or not for systemic cortico- @entity479 treatment. A group of healthy volunteers was identified for determining normal average central foveal thickness (CFT) values. Statistical comparisons were sought between @entity1 sub-groups and with the group of normal volunteers for CFT and Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at baseline and after 6  months. In a post hoc analysis, a cut-off value of CFT for systemic treatment initiation in IU was statistically identified and its sensitivity and specificity determined. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in mean CFT at baseline was observed between @entity1 under systemic treatment and untreated @entity1 (p   =   0.0005) as well as between untreated @entity1 and healthy volunteers. (p   <   0.001) After six months difference in CFT between the two @entity1 subgroups was no longer significant (p   =   0.699). BCVA was worse for @entity1 under systemic treatment. No statistically significant difference could be identified between the subgroup of untreated @entity1 and the group of healthy volunteers either at baseline or after 6  months. Correlation between LogMAR visual acuity and central retinal thickness at baseline was strong (r   =   0.7436, p   <   0.0001, Pearson's correlation coefficient). The cut-off value of CFT for initiating systemic treatment was determined at 215.5   m in a post hoc analysis (sensitivity 62.5  %, specificity 96.4  %). CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical retinal thickening of mildly inflamed eyes with IU can occur though bearing no functional clinical significance and spontaneously resolving within 6  months. A cut-off CFT value for treatment of @entity1103 in IU, in the presence of other relevant morphological features on Optical Coherence Tomography, seems to emerge from post hoc analysis of collected data demonstrating strong specificity and moderate sensitivity.

title: A cross-sectional study of submacular thickening in intermediate XXXX and determination of treatment threshold.

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Acid-base status is considered the major factor controlling renal @entity17114 production from @entity1160 , with maximal values found in chronic @entity520 . However, metabolic inhibitors have been shown to increase @entity17114 production without acid-base change; the mechanism for this increase is unclear. @entity17037 was administered to @entity235 with chronic @entity5838 . Following @entity17037 total renal @entity17114 production rose from 32 +/- 5 to 104 +/- 15 mumol/(min.100 mL glomerular filtration rate (GFR] (p less than 0.01) and @entity1160 extraction rose from 26 +/- 8 to 65 +/- 8 mumol/(min.100 mL GFR) (p less than 0.01). These values approximate maximal values found in chronic @entity520 . Lactate utilization fell from 165 +/- 19 to 99 +/- 7 mumol/(min.100 mL GFR) following @entity17037 (p less than 0.01). @entity1792 extraction fell to zero and @entity493 production rose from 27 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 7 mumol/(min.100 mL GFR) (p less than 0.01). @entity26 consumption remained unchanged following @entity17037 , 584 +/- 29 vs. 549 +/- 29 mumol/(min.100 mL GFR). These results demonstrate that in the presence of metabolic inhibition in the kidney, @entity855 production remains constant. This is achieved by increased utilization of one substrate, @entity1160 , when the @entity855 production from other substrates is reduced. Thus the necessity to maintain constant @entity855 production appears to modulate renal @entity17114 production.

title: The effects of @entity17037 on renal XXXX , lactate, @entity493 , and @entity26 metabolism in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity17037 :: ('MESH:C007744', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorocitrate', 'fluorocitrate']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) is well known to induce @entity1276 . This is often, initially, treated with external ventricular drainage (EVD). We recently started, also, using lumbar drains (LD) in @entity1 refractory to removal of their EVD as a bridge to permanent @entity2841 diversion. LD were placed in 25 @entity1 with spontaneous @entity510 . LD remained in place a mean of 6.7 days (range 4-16) prior to removal. @entity1 had a median Fisher Grade of 4, Hunt-Hess score of 4, and WFNS score of 4. Only 4 of 25 @entity1 (16%) progressed to the need of permanent shunting, one of which occurred after delayed recurrent @entity1756 . Only 7 of 25 @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity2553 despite their high median Fisher Grade. Both the shunt rate and the symptomatic @entity2553 rate in this series are much less than the historical series predict. This suggests that lumbar drains may reduce the need for shunting and decrease the rate of symptomatic @entity2553 .

title: Lumbar drains may reduce the need for permanent @entity2841 diversion in spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'Subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']